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[ "Pleocyemata is a sub-order of decapod crustaceans , erected by Martin Burkenroad in 1963 . Burkenroad 's classification replaced the earlier sub-orders of Natantia and Reptantia with the monophyletic groups Dendrobranchiata ( prawns ) and Pleocyemata . Pleocyemata contains all the members of the Reptantia ( including crabs , lobsters , crayfish , and others ) , as well as the Stenopodidea ( which contains the so - called `` boxer shrimp '' or `` barber - pole shrimp '' ) , and Caridea , which contains the true shrimp . Pleocyemata comprises the following infraorders : Stenopodidea Caridea Astacidea Glypheidea Axiidea Gebiidea Achelata Polychelida Anomura Brachyura These taxa are united by a number of features , the most important of which is that the fertilised eggs are incubated by the female , and remain stuck to the pleopods ( swimming legs ) until the zoea larvae are ready to hatch . It is this characteristic that gives the group its name . Pleocyemata also possess a lamellar gill structure as opposed to the branched found in Dendrobranchiata . The earliest fossil representative is the Devonian Palaeopalaemon .", "Lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans.", "Natantia (Boas, 1880) is an obsolete taxon of decapod crustaceans, comprising those families that move predominantly by swimming the shrimp (comprising Caridea and Procarididea), prawns (Dendrobranchiata) and boxer shrimp. The remaining Decapoda were placed in the Reptantia, and consisted of crabs, lobsters and other large animals that move chiefly by walking along the bottom. The division between Natantia and Reptantia was replaced in 1963, when Martin Burkenroad erected the suborder Pleocyemata for those animals that brood their eggs on the pleopods, leaving Dendrobranchiata for the prawns. Under this system, Natantia is a paraphyletic group. Burkenroad's primary division of Decapoda into Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata has since been corroborated by molecular analyses.", "Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting \"tail\" (abdomen) (= short, = tail), usually entirely hidden under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws. Many other animals with similar names such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice are not true crabs.", "A fish is any member of a group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered obsolete or paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry). Because in this manner the term \"fish\" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology. The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.", "The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.\nThe first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. Various terrestrial arthropods also became well-established. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the \"Age of Fish\". The first ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fish appeared, while the placodermi began dominating almost every known aquatic environment.", "A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment.", "The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp, are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water.", "The Stenopodidea is a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with shrimp or prawns, they are neither, but belong in a group closer to the reptant decapods, such as lobsters and crabs. They may be easily recognised by their third pereiopod (walking leg), which is greatly enlarged. In the lobsters and crabs, it is the first pereiopod that is much bigger than the others. There are 71 extant species currently recognised, divided into 12 genera. Three fossil species are also recognised, each belonging to a separate genus. The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is \"Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis\" from the Devonian. Until \"D. pennsylvaniensis\" was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was \"Jilinicaris chinensis\" from the Late Cretaceous.", "The Decapoda or decapods (literally \"ten-footed\") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3000 species) and Anomura (including hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossil decapod is the Devonian \"Palaeopalaemon\".", "Dendrobranchiata is a suborder of decapod crustaceans, variously called shrimp or prawns. There are 540 extant species in seven families, and a fossil record extending back to the Devonian. They differ from related animals, such as Caridea and Stenopodidea, by the branching form of the gills and by the fact that they do not brood their eggs, but release them directly into the water. They may reach a length of over and a mass of , and are widely fished and farmed for human consumption." ]

[ "anomura", "area", "brachyura", "caridea", "decapoda", "dendrobranchiata", "hagfish", "hermit", "mya", "nephropidae", "olfactores", "pleocyemata", "procarididea", "thorax" ]

[ "Abu Dhabi (US , UK ; \"\" ) is the capital and the second most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (the most populous being Dubai), and also capital of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the largest of the UAE's seven emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. The city proper had a population of 1.5 million in 2014.", "SeaWorld is a United States chain of marine mammal parks, oceanariums, animal theme parks, and rehabilitation centers owned by SeaWorld Entertainment (one park will be owned and operated by Miral under a license). The parks feature killer whale, sea lion, and dolphin shows and zoological displays featuring various other marine animals. There are operations located within the United States in Orlando, Florida; San Diego, California; San Antonio, Texas; later outside the United States such as Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; and previously Aurora, Ohio. On March 5, 2007, SeaWorld Orlando announced addition of the Aquatica water park to its adventure park family, which already includes SeaWorld and Discovery Cove.", "Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the south central part of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.", "The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (previously American Zoo and Aquarium Association, and originally American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1924 dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation. \nThe AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Scotts Valley is a small city in Santa Cruz County, California, United States, about thirty miles (48 km) south of downtown San Jose and six miles (10 km) north of the city of Santa Cruz, in the upland slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,580. Principal access to the city is supplied by State Route 17 that connects San Jose and Santa Cruz. The city was incorporated in 1966.", "Orlando is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County. Located in Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,387,138, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in March 2016, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States, and the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida. As of 2015, Orlando had an estimated city-proper population of 270,934, making it the 73rd-largest city in the United States, the fourth-largest city in Florida, and the state's largest inland city.", "La Selva Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. La Selva Beach sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported La Selva Beach's population was 2,843.", "D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, later simply known as Morgan, was a manufacturer of roller coaster trains, custom amusement rides, roller coasters, children's rides and other amusement devices. Founded in 1983, the company was originally headquartered in Scotts Valley, California. In 1991, the company moved to La Selva Beach, California and into a new 55,000 square-foot indoor manufacturing facility that also featured an acre of outdoor space. That facility was later increased to 75,000 square feet. The company produced a variety of rides from 1983 until 2001, but is probably best known for its steel hyper coasters.", "A marine mammal park (also known as marine animal park and sometimes oceanarium) is a commercial theme park or aquarium where marine mammals such as dolphins, beluga whales and sea lions are kept within water tanks and displayed to the public in special shows. A marine mammal park is more elaborate than a dolphinarium, because it also features other marine mammals and offers additional entertainment attractions. It is thus seen as a combination of a public aquarium and an amusement park. Marine mammal parks are different from marine parks, which include natural reserves and marine wildlife sanctuaries such as coral reefs, particularly in Australia.", "Steel Eel is a custom roller coaster built by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing . At a height of 150 feet , Steel Eel is the tallest roller coaster at not only SeaWorld San Antonio , but at any Sea World park , along with Kraken at Seaworld Orlando in Florida . It was the second coaster built by SeaWorld , following The Great White ( 1997 ) , after new management felt the park needed to offer more thrilling rides . Steel Eel had to be custom built to fit along the slim area beside the lake and utilizes a simple lapbar and seatbelt restraint system . Key elements of Steel Eel include two hills after the lift hill with a small valley between the two and a diving dogleg turn and triple humpback hills after its mid-course brake run . With a paint scheme consisting of bright yellow track and teal - green supports , it has become a permanent staple in the park 's skyline . It is first Morgan coaster to deviate from a general cookiecutter design embodied by Cedar Fair for their three out and back hypercoasters : Wild Thing , Mamba , and Steel Force . Superman : El Ultimo Escape at Six Flags Mexico , built a couple seasons after Steel Eel , shares more design cues with Steel Eel than any other Morgan coaster .", "SeaWorld San Antonio is a marine mammal park, oceanarium, and animal theme park, located in the Westover Hills District of the City of San Antonio in Texas. It is the largest of the three parks in the SeaWorld chain owned by SeaWorld Entertainment, a division of Blackstone Group, and the world's largest marine-life theme park. The other SeaWorld parks are located in San Diego, California, Orlando, Florida, and a park will soon be located in Abu Dhabi, UAE under separate ownership. It is a member of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA) and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).", "An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as MarineLand, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers such as sharks." ]

[ "abu dhabi", "australia", "best", "california", "central", "district", "east", "florida", "gulf", "gulf of mexico", "lisbon", "most", "new mexico", "of", "ohio", "orlando", "san antonio", "san jose", "santa cruz", "santa cruz county", "seen", "selva", "silver spring", "south", "southwest", "tamaulipas", "texas", "united arab emirates", "westover hills" ]

[ "Aleksandar Mikijelj ( Cyrillic : , born 5 February 1979 ) is a Montenegrin footballer . He plays for FK Bokelj .", "The Bay of Kotor (Serbian: /Boka Kotorska) ), known simply as Boka (\"the Bay\"), is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro.", "Kotor (Montenegrin Cyrillic: ) is a coastal town in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of Kotor Municipality.", "FK Bokelj is a Montenegrin football club based in the coastal town of Kotor, at Bay of Kotor. They currently compete in Montenegrin First League.", "The First League of Montenegro (Montenegrin:\"Prva crnogorska fudbalska liga\" \"1. CFL\") is the top football league in Montenegro. It is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. 12 teams participate in this league. The winner of the Montenegrin First League starts the qualifications for the UEFA Champions League from the second round. The second placed team and the National Cup winner play in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Europa League. The last placed team are relegated to the Montenegrin Second League." ]

[ "kotor", "montenegro", "of", "winner" ]

[ "Wayne Hector is a British songwriter who is best known for his work with pop artists such as Nicki Minaj, One Direction, The Wanted and Olly Murs. He also wrote seven of Westlife's number one singles, including \"World of Our Own\" and \"Flying Without Wings\".", "\"Moodswings (to Come at Me like That)\" is Charlotte Church's fourth and last released single from her 2005 album \"Tissues and Issues\". \"Moodswings\" reached number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart in early 2006. It is her last commercially released song as of 2010.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Tissues and Issues is the fifth studio album by the Welsh singer Charlotte Church released by Sony BMG UK in the United Kingdom on 11 July 2005 (see 2005 in music). Church states that she titled the album \"Tissues and Issues\" because \"it epitomises teenage problems, which everybody goes through.\" The album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number five and was accredited platinum by BPI for sales over 300,000. The album yielded Church four successful top twenty singles; \"Crazy Chick\", \"Call My Name\", \"Even God\" and \"Moodswings (to Come at Me like That)\".", "Charlotte Maria Church (born 21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress and television presenter.", "\"Flying Without Wings\" is a song released by Irish boy band Westlife from their self-titled debut studio album (1999).", "Florence and the Machine (styled as Florence + the Machine) are an English indie rock band that formed in London in 2007, consisting of lead singer Florence Welch, keyboardist Isabella Summers, and a collaboration of other artists. The band's music received praise across the media, especially from the BBC, which played a large part in their rise to prominence by promoting Florence and the Machine as part of \"BBC Introducing\". At the 2009 Brit Awards they received the Brit Awards \"Critics' Choice\" award. The band's music is renowned for its dramatic and eccentric production and also Welch's powerful vocal performances.", "World of Our Own is the third studio album by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released through RCA Records on 12 November 2001. It reached number one in the United Kingdom and includes the singles \"Queen of My Heart\" (which was a double A-side with \"When You're Looking Like That\"), \"World of Our Own\" (which was a double A-side with \"Angel\"), \"Bop Bop Baby\", and the final single from the group's last album, \"Uptown Girl\". \"Evergreen\" was later covered by Will Young as his winner's single for the 2002 \"Pop Idol\" competition.", "Joscelyn Eve Stoker (born 11 April 1987), better known by her stage name Joss Stone, is an English singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in late 2003 with her multi-platinum debut album, \"The Soul Sessions\", which made the 2004 Mercury Prize shortlist. Her second album, the similarly multi-platinum \"Mind Body & Soul\", topped the UK Albums Chart for one week and spawned the top ten hit \"You Had Me\", Stone's most successful single on the UK Singles Chart to date. Both the album and single received one nomination at the 2005 Grammy Awards, while Stone herself was nominated for Best New Artist, and in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2004 was ranked fifth as a predicted breakthrough act of 2004. She became the youngest British female singer to top the UK Albums Chart. Stone's third album, \"Introducing Joss Stone\", released in March 2007, achieved gold record status by the RIAA and yielded the second-ever highest debut for a British female solo artist on the \"Billboard\" 200, and became Stone's first top five album in the US.", "\"Crazy Chick\" is a pop song written by Sarah Buras, Wirlie Morris, Fitzgerald Scott, produced by Tore Johannson for Charlotte Church's fifth studio album \"Tissues and Issues\" (2005). It was released as the album's first single in the United Kingdom on 27 June 2005 as a CD single. The song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Church's second top three hit on the chart. The single was originally written for Alex Parks, who passed on the opportunity to record it.", "Oliver Stanley \"Olly\" Murs (born 14 May 1984) is an English singer, songwriter, television presenter and actor. He rose to fame after finishing as the runner up\nin the sixth series of \"The X Factor\" in 2009. He is currently signed to Epic Records in the United Kingdom, Columbia Records in the United States, and Syco Music.", "An aria (plural: \"arie\" , or \"arias\" in common usage, diminutive form arietta or ariette) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term became used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without orchestral accompaniment, normally part of a larger work. The typical context for arias is opera, but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas, sharing features of the operatic arias of their periods.", "William Robert \"Will\" Young (born 20 January 1979) is a British singer-songwriter and actor from Wokingham, England, who came to prominence after winning the 2002 inaugural series of the ITV talent contest \"Pop Idol\", making him the first winner of the worldwide Idol franchise. His double A-sided debut single \"Anything Is Possible\" / \"Evergreen\" was released two weeks after the show's finale and became the fastest-selling debut single in the UK. Young also came in fifth place in \"World Idol\" performing his single \"Light My Fire\".", "Francis Anthony \"Eg\" White (born 22 November 1966) is a British musician, songwriter and producer. White is primarily known for his work with successful commercial pop acts such as Adele, Florence and the Machine, Dua Lipa, Tom Odell, Sam Smith, Will Young, James Morrison, Pink, Joss Stone, Maverick Sabre and Rebecca Ferguson.", "The UK Albums Chart (currently called the Official Albums Chart) is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and (from March 2015) audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on Fridays (previously Sundays). It is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 (top 5) and published in \"Music Week\" magazine (top 75), and on the OCC website (top 100).", "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988) is an English singer-songwriter. Graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, Adele was given a recording contract by XL Recordings after a friend posted her demo on Myspace the same year. In 2007, she received the Brit Awards \"Critics' Choice\" award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album, \"19\", was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success. It is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. An appearance she made on \"Saturday Night Live\" in late 2008 boosted her career in the US. At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.", "Onika Tanya Maraj (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj, is a Trinidadian-born American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago and raised in South Jamaica, Queens, New York, Minaj earned public attention after releasing three mixtapes between 2007 and 2009. She has been signed to Young Money Entertainment since 2009.", "`` Call My Name '' is a song by Welsh recording artist Charlotte Church from her fifth studio album Tissues and Issues ( 2005 ) . The song was released as the album 's second single on 28 September 2005 . It was co-written by Church , Wayne Hector and Eg White ; with White producing it alongside Fitzgerald Scott ." ]

[ "1982", "album", "columbia records", "digital", "english", "epic records", "europe", "island", "melody", "pop", "rca records", "record", "sony bmg", "syco", "united kingdom", "xl recordings" ]

[ "The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) was established in 1940 by the then Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera under the \"Institute for Advanced Studies Act, 1940\" in Dublin, Ireland. The Institute consists of 3 schools: the School of Theoretical Physics, the School of Cosmic Physics and the School of Celtic studies. The directors of these schools are currently Professor Werner Nahm, Professor Luke Drury and Professor Liam Breatnach. The Institute under the act is empowered to \"train students in methods of advanced research\" but does not itself award degrees; graduate students working under the supervision of Institute researchers can, with the agreement of the governing board of the appropriate school, be registered for a higher degree in any university worldwide.", "Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.", "Thomas Mowbray Charles-Edwards (born 11 November 1943) is an emeritus academic at Oxford University. He formerly held the post of Jesus Professor of Celtic and is a Professorial Fellow at Jesus College.\nBiography.\nHe was educated at Ampleforth College before reading History at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he studied for a doctorate after taking the Diploma in Celtic Studies under Sir Idris Foster. He studied at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies from 1967 to 1969. He then was a Junior Research Fellow and then a Fellow in History at Corpus Christi College before being appointed to the chair of Celtic.", "The Saybrook Colony was established in late 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River in present day Old Saybrook, Connecticut by John Winthrop, the Younger, son of John Winthrop, the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Winthrop the Younger was designated Governor by the original settlers, including Colonel George Fenwick and Captain Lion Gardiner. They claimed possession of the land via a deed of conveyance from Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick. The colony was named in honor of Lords Saye, or William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, and Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke, prominent Parliamentarians and holders of the colony's land grants.", "Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam about north of London. At the United Kingdom Census 2011, its population was 123,867, including 24,488 students.", "The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. While having no known date of foundation, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled northeast to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two \"ancient universities\" are frequently jointly referred to as \"Oxbridge\".", "The University of Washington, commonly referred to as simply Washington, UW, or informally U-Dub, is a public flagship research university based in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast.", "Corpus Christi College (full name:\"The President and Scholars of the College of Corpus Christi in the University of Oxford\") is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of £112.6m as of 2015.", "The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term \"Ivy League\" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.", "The Jesus Chair of Celtic is a professorship in Celtic studies at the University of Oxford within the Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages. The holder is also a Professorial Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Just five people have held the chair since it was established in 1876, the first of whom was Sir John Rhys. The most recent post-holder, Thomas Charles-Edwards, retired in 2011. An appeal is under way to raise an endowment of just over £2.5 million for the Chair, in order to ensure its continuation.", "Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.", "Lake Washington is a large freshwater lake adjacent to the city of Seattle. It is the largest lake in King County and the second largest natural lake in the state of Washington, after Lake Chelan. It borders the cities of Seattle on the west, Bellevue and Kirkland on the east, Renton on the south and Kenmore on the north, and encloses Mercer Island. The lake is fed by the Sammamish River at its north end and the Cedar River at its south.", "The CanadaUnited States border (French: \"Frontière entre le Canada et les États-Unis\"), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second- and fourth-largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is long, of which is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about south of the CanadaUnited States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling .", "King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census its population was 1,931,249. King is the most populous county in Washington, and the 13th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, which is the state's largest city.", "John Eastburn Boswell (March 20, 1947  December 24, 1994) was a prominent historian and a professor at Yale University. Many of Boswell's studies focused on the issue of religion and homosexuality, specifically Christianity and homosexuality.", "Puget Sound is a sound along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea. It is a complex estuarine system of interconnected marine waterways and basins, with one major and two minor connections to the open Pacific Ocean via the Strait of Juan de FucaAdmiralty Inlet being the major connection and Deception Pass and Swinomish Channel being the minor. Flow through Deception Pass is approximately equal to 2% of the total tidal exchange between Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Puget Sound extends approximately from Deception Pass in the north to Olympia, Washington in the south. Its average depth is and its maximum depth, off Point Jefferson between Indianola and Kingston, is . The depth of the main basin, between the southern tip of Whidbey Island and Tacoma, Washington, is approximately .", "Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Tertiary education at non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education.", "A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate \"real world\" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. ", "Oxbridge is a portmanteau (blend word) of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively in contrast to other British universities and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status.", "The University of Paris, metonymically known as the Sorbonne (its historical house), was a university in Paris, France. Appearing around 1150 as a corporation associated with the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral school, it was the second-oldest modern university in Europe. Chartered in 1200 by King Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was often nicknamed after its theology collegiate institution, College of Sorbonne, founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.", "Robin Chapman Stacey in an American medievalist and celticist based at the University of Washington , Seattle . After finishing her undergraduate life , she attended the University of Oxford where she complete her M. Litt . under Thomas Charles - Edwards , learning Welsh with the tutorship of David Ellis Evans . In 1986 she completed a Ph D. with a thesis on Irish and Welsh law at Yale University , under John Boswell . Since 1988 she has been teaching at the University of Washington , where she is now a Professor in history . In addition to many individual scholarly articles , she is the author of the following monographs : The Road to Judgment : From Custom to Court in Medieval Ireland and Wales . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press , 1994 Dark Speech : The Performance of Law in Early Ireland . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press , 2007 Dark Speech was a winner of the American Conference for Irish Studies ' James S. Donnelly , Sr. Prize for Books on History and Social Sciences in 2007 . Stacey is a recipient of the University of Washington 's Distinguished Teaching Awards . Her husband , Robert Stacey , is a divisional dean , and Stroum Endowed Chair , in the Dean 's Office of the University of Washington 's College of Arts & Sciences ." ]

[ "academic", "canada", "captain", "celtic studies", "colonel", "emeritus", "faculty", "governor", "historian", "king", "major", "physics", "president", "professor", "research", "united kingdom", "university of oxford" ]

[ "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the \"Democratic People's Republic of Korea\") and South Korea (officially the \"Republic of Korea\"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.", "The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido to the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast (the Shantar Sea) along the west and north. The northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named after Okhotsk, the first Russian settlement in the Far East.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "National Route 455 is a national highway of Japan connecting Morioka , Iwate and Iwaizumi , Iwate in Japan , with a total length of 104.4 kilometres ( 64.87 mi ) .", "Geography.\nIwaizumi occupies the Kitakamikochi Plateau in northeast Iwate prefecture, east of the prefectural capital of Morioka. It has a small coastline. The area is mountainous, and has numerous limestone caves, including the Rysend.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower." ]

[ "australia", "china", "chongqing", "earth", "east", "guangzhou", "gulf", "iwate prefecture", "japan", "kamchatka peninsula", "kuril islands", "mainland", "morioka", "north korea", "northwest", "of", "pacific ocean", "petersburg", "philippines", "russia", "samara", "shenzhen", "south", "south korea", "southwest", "taiwan", "west", "yekaterinburg" ]

[ "Telangana is one of the 29 states in India, located in southern India. Telangana has an area of , and a population of 35,193,978 (2011 census). making it the twelfth largest state in India, and the twelfth most populated state in India. Its major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south.", "Andhra Pradesh() is one of the 29 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of the country. The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of . As per 2011 Census of India, the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants.", "Odisha(formerly Orissa) (() is one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and south-west. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Malkangiri. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 3rd largest by tribal population .Odia (formerly known as \"Oriya\") is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.", "Sakshigopal Temple is a medieval temple dedicated to Lord Gopal located in the town of Sakshigopal on the Puri Bhubaneshwar highway in Odisha , India . The temple is built in the Kalinga style of temple architecture .", "Puri is a city and a municipality in the state of Odisha in eastern India. It is the district headquarters of Puri district and is situated on the Bay of Bengal, south of the state capital of Bhubaneswar. It is also known as \"Jagannath Puri\" after the 12th-century Jagannath Temple located in the city. It is one of the original Char Dham pilgrimage sites for Hindus.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Chhattisgarh (literally 'Thirty-Six Forts') is a state in central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 28 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th most-populated state of the nation. It is a source of electricity and steel for India, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced in the country. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India.", "Bengal (bgl; Bengali: , and ) is a region in Asia which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Geographically, it is made up by the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest such formation in the world; along with mountains in its north (bordering the Himalayan states) and east (bordering Northeast India and Burma).", "The char dham as defined by the Pandavas in Mahabharata as \"Badrinath\" , \"Kedarnath\" , \"Gangotri\" and \"yamunotri\". To get rid of their sins.\nChar Dham as defined in modern days (literally: 'the four abodes/seats') are the names of four pilgrimage sites in India that are widely revered by Hindus. It comprises Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri and Rameswaram. It is considered highly sacred by Hindus to visit Char Dham during one's lifetime. The Char Dham defined by Adi Shankaracharya consists of four Vaishnavite pilgrimages.", "The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Myanmar (Burma) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) to the east.", "A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term \"municipality\" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French \"municipalité\" and Latin \"municipalis\".", "Jharkhand (\"Bushland\") is a state in eastern India carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of . The city of Ranchi is its capital while the industrial city of Jamshedpur is the most populous city of the state.", "Bhubaneswar, also spelt as Bhubaneshwar , the capital of the Indian state of Odisha. It is the largest city in Odisha and is a centre of economic and religious importance in Eastern India.", "Puriis a coastal district of the Odisha state of India, famous for its historic antiquities, religious sanctuaries, architectural grandeur, sea-scape beauty, and its moderate climate. It holds a wealth of attractions for visitors. It boasts a continuous history from the 3rd century B.C. to the present, and unique monuments such as those of Lord Jagannath at Puri, and the Sun God at Konark. It has the Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water lakes in India, that holds a picturesque sea-scape beauty. It offers an ideal resort for birds who migrate from different parts of the continent. By virtue of its geographical location, the climate of Puri is equable throughout the year.", "Balasore or Baleshwar is a city in the state of Odisha, about north of the State capital Bhubaneswar, in eastern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Balasore district. It is best known for Chandipur beach. It is also the site of the Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program's Integrated Test Range, located 18 km. south of Balasore. The Defence Research and Development Organisation developed many different missiles such as \"Nag\", Brahmos, Agni Missile among others here.This is where famous freedom fighter Jatindranath Mukherjee also known as Bagha Jatin got injured and died fighting the British. The spoken language in Balasore is Odia.", "West Bengal is an Indian state, located in East India on the Bay of Bengal. It is India's fourth-most populous state, with over 91 million inhabitants. It has a total area of , making it similar in size to Serbia. A part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region, it borders Bangladesh in the east and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also has borders with five Indian states, including Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam.", "Malkangiri() is a town and a Notified Area Council (NAC) in Malkangiri district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the headquarters of the Malkangiri district. Malkangiri is the new home of the Bangladeshi refugees, who were rehabilitated since 1965 under the Dandakaranya Project. Also some Sri Lankan Tamil refugees were rehabilitated in Malkangiri town, following the armed struggle of LTTE in the early 1990s (most of them have returned, baring a couple of house holds). Currently it is one of the most naxalite-affected areas of the state and is a part of the Red Corridor." ]

[ "andhra pradesh", "bangalore", "best", "bhubaneswar", "bhutan", "bihar", "central", "chennai", "chhattisgarh", "china", "district", "dwarka", "east", "hyderabad", "india", "indian ocean", "indonesia", "jharkhand", "kedarnath", "kolkata", "maharashtra", "maldives", "most", "mumbai", "nizamabad", "north", "odisha", "of", "puri district", "ranchi", "serbia", "south", "sri lanka", "telangana", "temple", "thailand", "uttar pradesh", "warangal", "west bengal" ]

[ "Kjøbenhavns Boldklub or KB is a Danish sports club based in Copenhagen. The club was founded 26 April 1876 on the grassy fields in outer Copenhagen which later became Fælledparken. Football and cricket has been played in KB since 1879, making KB one of the oldest football clubs on Continental Europe and the oldest general sports club on the continent (with more than just one sport). Tennis has been played since 1883. The club hosted, in 1921, one of the early tennis majors: the World Covered Court Championships, won by William Laurentz that year. Today, along with the sports already mentioned, the club also has facilities for badminton, swimming and pétanque.", "The park Fælledparken in Copenhagen, Denmark, was created 19061914 by landscape architect Edvard Glæsel in cooperation with the Copenhagen Municipality on the commons (Danish: \"fælled\") previously named \"Nørrefælled\" and \"Østerfælled\".", "Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.", "The Capital Region of Denmark is the easternmost administrative region of Denmark, established on January 1, 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which replaced the traditional counties (Danish plural: \"amter\", singular: \"amt\") with five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. The reform was implemented on January 1, 2007.", "K.B. Hallen was a multi-purpose venue located at Peter Bangs Vej in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen , Denmark . It was built in 1938 by Kjøbenhavns Boldklub ( KB ) , Copenhagen 's oldest ball - playing club who still owns the site , but was severly damaged by fire on 28 September 2011 . It was used primarily for badminton , tennis , basketball and volleyball , but also hosted other events , including dance tournaments and flea markets . As a concert hall , it held a capacity of 3,000 people and was often the scene of rock and pop concerts , and in 1964 The Beatles played their first and only concert on Danish grounds in K.B.Hallen .", "A sports club or sport club, sometimes athletics club or sports society or sports association, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing sports. A club is solely created by its members, players and supporters, hence a separate entity from its owning (usually Limited) Company.", "Frederiksberg Kommune is a municipality (Danish, \"kommune\") on the island of Zealand (\"Sjælland\") in Denmark. Part of Copenhagen, it is surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality. The municipality, co-extensive with its seat, covers a total area (land and water) of according to the Municipal Key Figures (\"De Kommunale Nøgletal\";www.noegletal.dk) and has a population of 104,538 (1 April 2016) making it the smallest municipality in Denmark area-wise, the fifth most populous, and the most densely populated. Its mayor is Jørgen Glenthøj from the Conservative People's Party (\"Det Konservative Folkeparti\").", "Pétanque is a form of boules where the goal is to toss or roll hollow steel balls as close as possible to a small wooden ball called a \"cochonnet\" (literally \"piglet\") or jack, while standing inside a circle with both feet on the ground. The game is normally played on hard dirt or gravel. It can be played in public areas in parks, or in dedicated facilities called \"boulodromes\". Similar games are bocce, bowls and (adapted to ice) curling.", "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.", "Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe, or, by Europeans, simply the Continent, is the continuous continent of Europe, excluding surrounding islands.", "Frederiksberg is a part of the Capital Region of Denmark. It is formally an independent municipality (town), Frederiksberg Municipality, but is typically treated as a part of Copenhagen. It occupies an area of less than 9 km and had a population of 103,192 in 2015.", "William Laurentz (26 Feb 1895 7 March 1922) was a French tennis player of the early 20th century whose main achievements were winning the singles title at the World Hard Court Championships and World Covered Court Championships." ]

[ "capital region", "capital region of denmark", "copenhagen", "denmark", "europe", "frederiksberg municipality", "most", "of", "sweden", "time" ]

[ "FOREST (short for \"Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco\") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.", "Far North Queensland, or Tropical North Queensland, is the northernmost part of the state of Queensland, Australia. Centered on the city of Cairns, the region stretches north to the Torres Strait, and west to the Gulf Country. The region has Australia's only international border, with the independent nation of Papua New Guinea.", "Lockerbie Scrub is a 230 km area of closed forest and woodland, surrounded by open tropical savanna woodland, at the northern tip of the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.", "A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses.", "Woodland is a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade. Woodlands may support an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodland may form a transition to shrubland under drier conditions or during early stages of primary or secondary succession. Higher density areas of trees with a largely closed canopy that provides extensive and nearly continuous shade are referred to as forests. ", "Cape York Peninsula is a large remote peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest unspoiled wilderness in northern Australia and one of the last remaining wilderness areas on Earth. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognized for their global environmental significance, but native wildlife is threatened by introduced species and weeds.", "New Mapoon is an area south of Seisia and west of Bamaga at the tip of Cape York Peninsula , adjoining the Lockerbie Scrub . At the 2006 census , New Mapoon had a population of 346 . The people who live at New Mapoon were forcibly moved from Marpuna in the early 1960s to accommodate mining expansion on their traditional country . They now have historical association and administrative responsibility for a DOGIT area on the traditional country of the Gudang people . The residents of New Mapoon have a ranger service , which works closely with the Injinoo and other Northern Peninsula Area ( NPA ) community rangers to undertake land management practices in the NPA . New Mapoon has a library ( Indigenous Knowledge Centre ) , General store , Arts and Craft and Bait and Tackle shop .", "An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney." ]

[ "australia", "combat", "earth", "east", "east timor", "far north", "forest", "freedom", "indonesia", "mainland", "northern", "of", "papua", "queensland", "savannah", "south", "tasmania", "woodland", "woodlands", "york" ]

[ "Paul Haakonsson was joint Earl of Orkney from 1122 until 1137 . Haakonsson served jointly as Earl of Orkney together with Harald Haakonsson . Paul Haakonsson had not been well loved by his female kin . In 1137 , Paul was reportedly abdicated and killed on the orders of the mother of Harald Haakonsson . His mother and her sister , Frakkok , had previously tried to murder him with a poisoned shirt which instead caused the death of Harald Haakonsson in 1127 . It is said that Frakkok and her supporters had originally intended to advance the claims of Harald Haakonsson 's son Erlend Haraldsson upon Paul 's death . However , Paul Haakonsson was replaced as Earl of Orkney by his second cousin , Rognvald Kali Kolsson , one of the lead men of King Harald Gille of Norway . Rognvald Kali Kolsson did serve as guardian of Harald Maddadsson , the nephew of Paul Haakonsson . In 1138 , Rognvald appointed Harald Maddadsson as Earl of Orkney jointly with himself .", "The Holy Land (Hebrew: , ; Arabic: ) is an area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River. Traditionally, it is synonymous with both the biblical Land of Israel and historical Palestine. The term usually refers to a territory roughly corresponding to the modern State of Israel, the Palestinian territories, western Jordan, and parts of southern Lebanon and southwestern Syria. It is considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.", "Sigurd Eysteinsson or Sigurd the Mighty (reigned c. 875892) was the second Earl of Orkney a title bequeathed to Sigurd by his brother Rognvald Eysteinsson. A son of Eystein Glumra, Sigurd was a leader in the Viking conquest of what is now northern Scotland.", "This was a turbulent period of Orcadian history. Erlend's claim to the earldom was strong, his father having been earl before him but as happened on several previous occasions, rulership of the islands had become divided. His father had been poisoned c. 1130 when Erlend was still a child and after the death of Erlend's uncle, Paul Haakonsson, the earldom had become shared between Rögnvald and Harald \"the Old\" Maddadsson. Earl Rögnvald left Orkney in 1151 to go on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and Erlend acted quickly to build on his inheritance. He obtained half of his father's lands in Caithness from the king of Scotland and claimed half of Orkney as well. Earl Harald refused, so Erlend set sail to Norway to request his share from King Eystein Haraldsson.", "Haakon Paulsson (Old Norse: Hákon Pálsson) was a Norwegian Jarl (11051123) and jointly ruled the Earldom of Orkney with his cousin Magnus Erlendsson. ", "Harald Maddadsson (Old Norse: \"Haraldr Maddaðarson\", Gaelic: \"Aralt mac Mataid\") (c. 1134 1206) was Earl of Orkney and Mormaer of Caithness from 1139 until 1206. He was the son of Matad, Mormaer of Atholl, and Margaret, daughter of Earl Haakon Paulsson of Orkney. Of mixed Norse and Gaelic blood, and a descendant of Scots kings, he was a significant figure in northern Scotland, and played a prominent part in Scottish politics of the twelfth century. The \"Orkneyinga Saga\" names him one of the three more powerful Earls of Orkney with Sigurd Eysteinsson and Thorfinn Sigurdsson." ]

[ "haakon paulsson", "harald haakonsson", "palestine", "rognvald eysteinsson", "sigurd" ]

[ "Semqen ( also Šamuqnu ) was an Hyksos ruler of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period in the mid 17th century BC. According to Jürgen von Beckerath he was the third king of the 16th Dynasty and a vassal of the Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty . This opinion was shared by William C. Hayes and Wolfgang Helck but recently rejected by Kim Ryholt . In his 1997 study of the second intermediate period , Ryholt argues that the kings of the 16th Dynasty ruled an independent Theban realm c. 1650 -- 1580 BC. Consequently , Ryholt sees Semqen as an early Hyksos king of the 15th Dynasty , perhaps its first ruler . This analysis has convinced some egyptologists , such as Darrel Baker and Janine Bourriau , but not others including Stephen Quirke . Semqen 's only contemporary attestation is a brown steatite scarab - seal from Tell el - Yahudiyeh in the Nile Delta . Significantly , the scarab gives him the title of Heka - chasut , `` Ruler of the foreign lands '' , a title exclusively associated with the early Hyksos rulers . Furthermore , the design of the scarab indicates that it was likely produced either during the 14th or the 15th Dynasty , the later being much more probable . The original location of the seal , the title it is inscribed with and its design led Kim Ryholt to propose that Semqen belonged to the early 15th Dynasty , although he also points to the conjectural nature of this proposition . Ryholt further adds that the title Heka - chasut , even if securely dated to the 15th Dynasty , may not have been borne only by the rulers of this dynasty .", "Jürgen von Beckerath (19 February 1920 26 June 2016) was a German Egyptologist. He was a prolific writer who has published countless articles in journals such as \"Orientalia\", \"Göttinger Miszellen\" (GM), \"Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt\" (JARCE), \"Archiv für Orientforschung\" (AfO), and \"Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur\" (SAK) among others. Together with Kenneth Kitchen, he is viewed as one of the foremost scholars on the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt.", "The Nile ( \"en-Nl\",  \"an-Nl\" \"P(h)iaro\"; Ancient Egyptian: \"'p\" and \"Iteru\"; Biblical Hebrew: , \"Ha-Ye'or\") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an \"international\" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.", "Egypt (; ', , \"Kimi\"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.", "Lower Egypt (\"\") is the northernmost region of Egypt: the fertile Nile Delta, between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.", "Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt (born 19 June 1970) is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen and a specialist on Egyptian history and literature. He is director of the research center Canon and Identity Formation in the Earliest Literate Societies under the University of Copenhagen Programme of Excellence (since 2008) and Curator of the Papyrus Carlsberg Collection and director of the associated publication (since 1999).", "Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (born in 1932) is a British Bible scholar, Ancient Near Eastern historian, and Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, England. He is one of the leading experts on the ancient Egyptian Ramesside Period (i.e., Dynasties 19-20), and the Third Intermediate Period, as well as ancient Egyptian chronology, having written over 250 books and journal articles on these and other subjects since the mid-1950s. He has been described by \"The Times\" as \"the very architect of Egyptian chronology\".", "The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt begins with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC, ending the New Kingdom, and ends with the start of the Late Period, for which various points are offered, though it is most often regarded as dating from the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I in 664 BC, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty by the Assyrians under King Assurbanipal.", "The Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (JARCE) is an academic journal published by the American Research Center in Egypt. It was established in 1962 to publish research into the art, archaeology, languages, history, and social systems of the Egyptian people. As is usual for Egyptological journals, it accepts articles written in English, French, or German. Over the years a number of Egyptologists have served as editor-in-chief. In 2008, Eugene Cruz-Uribe (California State University, Monterey Bay) succeeded Ann Macy Roth (Howard University) as editor." ]

[ "4", "canon", "editor", "fellow", "king", "libya", "pharaoh", "professor", "writer" ]

[ "Not to be confused with Amun - her - khepeshef , a son of Ramesses II , and Amun - her - khepeshef , a son of Ramesses III. The Egyptian prince Amenherkhepshef was the son of Ramesses VI and Queen Nubkhesbed . He lived in the Twentieth dynasty and was buried in the reused sarcophagus of Twosret , in the reused tomb of Chancellor Bay , KV13 , in the Valley of the Kings , on the west bank of the Nile , in Thebes , Egypt .", "Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled with \"Tutenkh-\", \"-amen\", \"-amon\") was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 13321323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period. He has since his discovery been colloquially referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means \"Living Image of Aten\", while Tutankhamun means \"Living Image of Amun\". In hieroglyphs, the name Tutankhamun was typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name at the beginning of a phrase to show appropriate reverence. He is possibly also the \"Nibhurrereya\" of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty king Rathotis who, according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine yearsa figure that conforms with Flavius Josephus's version of Manetho's \"Epitome\".", "Tomb KV9 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings was originally constructed by Pharaoh Ramesses V. He was interred here, but his uncle Ramesses VI later reused the tomb as his own. The layout is typical of the 20th dynasty the Ramesside period and is much simpler than that of Ramesses III's tomb (KV11).\nThe workmen accidentally broke into KV12 as they dug one of the corridors.", "Iset Ta-Hemdjert or Isis Ta-Hemdjert, simply called Isis in her tomb, was an Ancient Egyptian queen of the twentieth dynasty; the Great Royal Wife of Ramesses III and the Royal Mother of Ramesses VI.", "Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merenptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that that Siptah later changed his royal name or nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather than his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah. ", "Usimare Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems.", "Tomb KV13, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was cut and decorated for the burial of the noble Bay of the Nineteenth Dynasty. An ostraca published in the French Egyptological journal BIFAO in 2000 records that Chancellor Bay was executed by pharaoh Siptah. Consequently, Bay was never buried in his tomb. Moreover, no funerary goods were found in the tomb belonging to Bay. It was later reused by Amenherkhepshef and Mentuherkhepsef of the Twentieth Dynasty.", "Nubkhesbed (Gold and Lapis lazuli) was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 20th dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses VI and mother of Pharaoh Ramesses VII, Princess Iset (God's Wife of Amun) and Princes Amenherkhepshef and Panebenkemyt.", "Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun Ramesses VII (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the sixth pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He reigned from about 1136 to 1129 BC and was the son of Ramesses VI. Other dates for his reign are 1138-1131 BC. The Turin Accounting Papyrus 1907+1908 is dated to Year 7 III Shemu day 26 of his reign and has been reconstructed to show that 11 full years passed from Year 5 of Ramesses VI to Year 7 of his reign.", "Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep blue semi-precious stone prized since antiquity for its intense color. As early as the 7th millennium BC, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, in Shortugai, and in other mines in the Badakhshan province in northeast Afghanistan. Lapis was highly valued by the Indus Valley Civilisation (33001900 BC). Lapis beads have been found at neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the Caucasus, and even as far from Afghanistan as Mauritania. It was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun (13411323 BC).", "Ramesses VI Nebmaatre-Meryamun (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt who reigned from 1145 to 1137 BC and a son of Ramesses III by Iset Ta-Hemdjert. His royal tomb, KV9, is located near Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings." ]

[ "amenherkhepshef", "merneptah", "ramesses", "ramesses vii", "tutankhamun" ]

[ "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs \"in the flesh\" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally \"one who answers\". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is \"playing themselves\", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.", "Lin Li-hui (born 16 April 1976), better known by her stage name Shu Qi, is a Taiwanese actress and model. She has also been credited as Hsu Chi and Shu Kei (Cantonese pronunciation of \"Shu Qi\").", "Home Sweet Home is a 2005 Hong Kong horror film directed by Cheang Pou - soi , starring Shu Qi , Karena Lam and Alex Fong .", "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.", "Soi Cheang Pou-Soi is a Hong Kong film director, assistant director, screenwriter, script supervisor, and actor.", "Macau (literally: \"Bay Gate\"), (in Portuguese, which is still widely used in the city) also spelled Macao (in English), officially the Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South. Hong Kong lies about to its East across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world.", "Karena Lam (born 17 August 1978) is a Taiwanese-Canadian, actress and singer based in Hong Kong. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In 2015, she won the Best Actress Award at the Golden Horse Awards for her role in \"Zinnia Flower\", making her the first person ever to have won all of the following three Golden Horse awards: Best Lead Actress, Best Supporting Actress and Best New Performer." ]

[ "cantonese", "chinese", "french", "greek", "portuguese" ]

[ "Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).", "In Christianity, an archbishop (via Latin \"archiepiscopus\", from Greek , from -, \"chief\", and , \"bishop\") is a bishop of higher rank or office. In some cases, like the Lutheran Church of Sweden, it is the denomination leader title. Like popes, patriarchs, metropolitans, cardinal bishops, diocesan bishops, and suffragan bishops, archbishops are in the highest of the three traditional orders of bishops, priests, also called presbyters, and deacons. An archbishop may be granted the title, or ordained as chief pastor of a metropolitan see or another episcopal see to which the title of archbishop is attached.", "Arable land (from Latin \"arabilis\", \"able to be plowed\") is, according to one definition, land \"capable\" of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland.", "A railway town, or railroad town, is a settlement that originated or was greatly developed because of a railway station or junction at its site.", "Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries.", "Royal Highness (abbreviation HRH) is a style used to address or refer to some members of royal families, usually princes other than monarchs and their female consorts (i.e., kings and queens). When used as a direct form of address, spoken or written, it takes the form \"Your Royal Highness\". When used as a third-person reference, it is gender-specific (\"His Royal Highness\" or \"Her Royal Highness\", both abbreviated \"HRH\") and, in plural, \"Their Royal Highnesses\" (\"TRH\").", "A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.", "A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. In developing the current Constitution of France (1958), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody \"the spirit of the nation\" (\"\"). In some countries, typically those with parliamentary governments, the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom). In other countries, the head of state is also the head of government, such as in the U.S., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who, in practice, oversees the executive branch.", "Fredensborg Kommune is a municipality (Danish, \"kommune\") in Region Hovedstaden (Capital Region). The municipality covers an area of 112.13 km, and has a total population of 39,551 (1 April 2014). Its mayor, since 2010, is Thomas Lykke Pedersen, a member of the Social Democrats (\"Socialdemokraterne\") political party.", "Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.", "The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (lit., \"The North\"). They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, including their associated territories (Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands).", "Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "Fredensborg Palace ( Danish : Fredensborg Slot ; pronounced ( fæðnsb ) ) is a palace located on the eastern shore of Lake Esrum ( Danish , Esrum Sø ) in Fredensborg on the island of Zealand ( Sjælland ) in Denmark . It is the Danish Royal Family 's spring and autumn residence , and is often the site of important state visits and events in the Royal Family . It is the most used of the Royal Family 's residences .", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "The Faroe Islands (Irish: \"Na Scigirí\") are an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland, north-northwest of mainland Scotland. The area is approximately with a 2016 population of 49,188. The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark.", "Zealand is the largest (7,031 km) and most populated island in Denmark with a population of 2,267,659 (39% of Denmark's total as of January 2016).", "Jutland , also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula , is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and the northern portion of Germany. The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri, respectively. Jutland's terrain is relatively flat, with open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east.", "An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.", "Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.", "Funen, with an area of , is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy. It is the 165th-largest island in the world. It is in the central part of the country and has a population of 466,284 (2013). The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal. The city's shipyard, Odense Steel Shipyard, has been relocated outside Odense proper.", "An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word \"archipelago\" is derived from the Greek \"- arkhi-\" (\"chief\") and \" pélagos\" (\"sea\") through the Italian \"arcipelago\". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek \"*\" and Latin \"archipelagus\") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.", "Fredensborg is a railway town located in Fredensborg Municipality, North Zealand, some 30 kilometres north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is most known for Fredensborg Palace, one of the official residences of the Danish Royal Family. As of 1 January 2015, the town had a population of 8,425-", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "The Danish Royal Family consists of the dynastic family of the monarch. All members of the Danish Royal Family, except Queen Margrethe II, hold the title of \"Prince/Princess of Denmark\". Dynastic children of the monarch and of the heir apparent are accorded the style of \"His/Her Royal Highness\", while other members of the dynasty are addressed as \"His/Her Highness\". The Queen is styled \"Her Majesty\".", "Highness is a formal style used to address someone (in second person) or refer to (in third person) certain members of a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty. It is typically used with a possessive adjective: \"His Highness\", \"Their Highnesses\", etc. Although often combined with other adjectives of honour indicating rank, such as \"Imperial\", \"Royal\" or \"Serene\", it may be used alone.", "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "capital region", "central", "cologne", "copenhagen", "denmark", "düsseldorf", "elizabeth", "europe", "faroe islands", "foster", "france", "fredensborg municipality", "germany", "greenland", "hamburg", "most", "north america", "northern", "norway", "of", "orkney", "queens", "scandinavia", "schengen", "scotland", "shetland", "south", "southwest", "spirit", "svalbard", "sweden", "unity", "åland islands" ]

[ "Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Following Aristippusabout whom very little is knownEpicurus believed that what he called \"pleasure\" was the greatest good, but that the way to attain such pleasure was to live modestly, to gain knowledge of the workings of the world, and to limit one's desires. This would lead one to attain a state of tranquility (\"ataraxia\") and freedom from fear as well as an absence of bodily pain (\"aponia\"). The combination of these two states constitutes happiness in its highest form. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism insofar as it declares pleasure to be its sole intrinsic goal, the concept that the absence of pain and fear constitutes the greatest pleasure, and its advocacy of a simple life, make it very different from \"hedonism\" as it is colloquially understood.", "Democritus (\"Dmókritos\", meaning \"chosen of the people\") was an influential Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.", "Epicurus ( / pkjrs / or / pkjrs / ; Greek : , Epíkouros , `` ally , comrade '' ; 341 -- 270 BC ) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism . Only a few fragments and letters of Epicurus 's 300 written works remain . Much of what is known about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators . For Epicurus , the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy , tranquil life , characterized by ataraxia -- peace and freedom from fear -- and aponia -- the absence of pain -- and by living a self - sufficient life surrounded by friends . He taught that pleasure and pain are measures of what is good and evil ; death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared ; the gods neither reward nor punish humans ; the universe is infinite and eternal ; and events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space .", "Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 435 c. 356 BCE) was the founder of the Cyrenaic school of Philosophy. He was a pupil of Socrates, but adopted a very different philosophical outlook, teaching that the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity. Among his pupils was his daughter Arete.", "Philosophy (from Greek , \"philosophia\", literally \"love of wisdom\") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?", "Ataraxia (, \"not perturbed\") is a Greek term used by Pyrrho and subsequently Epicurus for a lucid state of robust equanimity, characterized by ongoing freedom from distress and worry. The ancient Greek author Sextus Empiricus gave this definition: \"ataraxia is an untroubled and tranquil condition of the soul.\" In non-philosophical usage, the term was used to describe the ideal mental state for soldiers entering battle. " ]

[ "aristippus", "c", "democritus", "epicurus", "greek" ]

[ "The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment (known as Harrah's Entertainment until 2010). It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by secret ballot.", "The 1973 World Series of Poker (WSOP) was a series of poker tournaments held at Binion's Horseshoe. The 1973 series marked the first time a single player won more than one preliminary World Series of Poker event.", "Walter Clyde `` Puggy '' Pearson ( January 29 , 1929 -- April 12 , 2006 ) was an American professional poker player . He is best known as the 1973 World Series of Poker Main Event winner .", "Poker is a family of gambling card games, but is often considered a skill based game. All poker variants involve betting as an intrinsic part of play, and determine the winner of each hand according to the combinations of players' cards, at least some of which remain hidden until the end of the hand. Poker games vary in the number of cards dealt, the number of shared or \"community\" cards, the number of cards that remain hidden, and the betting procedures.", "Las Vegas (Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife. It is the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "A poker tournament is a tournament where players compete by playing poker. It can feature as few as two players playing on a single table (called a \"heads-up\" tournament), and as many as tens of thousands of players playing on thousands of tables. The winner of the tournament is usually the person who wins every poker chip in the game and the others are awarded places based on the time of their elimination. To facilitate this, in most tournaments, blinds rise over the duration of the tournament. Unlike in a ring game (or cash game), a player's chips in a tournament cannot be cashed out for money and serve only to determine the player's placing.", "A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific. Countless card games exist, including families of related games (such as poker). A small number of card games played with traditional decks have formally standardized rules, but most are folk games whose rules vary by region, culture, and person." ]

[ "best", "las vegas", "las vegas valley", "mojave desert", "most" ]

[ "The Polynesian Triangle is a region of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: Hawaii, Easter Island (\"Rapa Nui\") and New Zealand (\"Aotearoa\"). It is often used as a simple way to define Polynesia.", "A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different concepts and experiences. All communication (and data processing) is achieved through the use of symbols.Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, ideas or visual images and are used to convey other ideas and beliefs. For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for \"STOP\". On a map, a blue line might represent a river. Numerals are symbols for numbers. Alphabetic letters may be symbols for sounds. Personal names are symbols representing individuals. A red rose may symbolize love and compassion. The variable 'x', in a mathematical equation, may symbolize the position of a particle in space.", "Polynesia ( from \"poly\" \"many\" + \"nsos\" \"island\") is a subregion of Oceania, made up of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are termed Polynesians and they share many similar traits including language family, culture, and beliefs. Historically, they were experienced sailors and used stars to navigate during the night.", "Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.", "Rongorongo ( / roro / ; Rapa Nui : ( oooo ) ) is a system of glyphs discovered in the 19th century on Easter Island that appears to be writing or proto - writing . Numerous attempts at decipherment have been made , none successfully . Although some calendrical and what might prove to be genealogical information has been identified , not even these glyphs can actually be read . If rongorongo does prove to be writing and proves to be an independent invention , it would be one of very few independent inventions of writing in human history . Two dozen wooden objects bearing rongorongo inscriptions , some heavily weathered , burned , or otherwise damaged , were collected in the late 19th century and are now scattered in museums and private collections . None remain on Easter Island . The objects are mostly tablets shaped from irregular pieces of wood , sometimes driftwood , but include a chieftain 's staff , a bird - man statuette , and two reimiro ornaments . There are also a few petroglyphs which may include short rongorongo inscriptions . Oral history suggests that only a small elite was ever literate and that the tablets were sacred . Authentic rongorongo texts are written in alternating directions , a system called reverse boustrophedon . In a third of the tablets , the lines of text are inscribed in shallow fluting carved into the wood . The glyphs themselves are outlines of human , animal , plant , artifact and geometric forms . Many of the human and animal figures , such as glyphs 200 and 280 , have characteristic protuberances on each side of the head , possibly representing eyes . Individual texts are conventionally known by a single uppercase letter and a name , such as Tablet C , the Mamari Tablet . The somewhat variable names may be descriptive or indicate where the object is kept , as in the Oar , the Snuffbox , the Small Santiago Tablet , and the Santiago Staff .", "A World Heritage Site is a landmark which has been officially recognized by the United Nations, specifically by UNESCO. Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural, historical, scientific or some other form of significance, and they are legally protected by international treaties. UNESCO regards these sites as being important to the collective interests of humanity.", "The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4,500 and 2,000 BC.", "The Rapa Nui are the native Polynesian inhabitants of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. The easternmost Polynesian culture, the Rapa Nui people currently make up 60% of Easter Island's population and have a significant portion of their population residing in mainland Chile. They speak both the traditional Rapa Nui language and the primary language of the island, Spanish. At the 2002 census there were 3,304 island inhabitantsalmost all living in the village of Hanga Roa on the sheltered west coast.", "Rapa Nui National Park is a national park and UNESCO-inscribed World Heritage Site located on Easter Island, Chile. Rapa Nui is the Polynesian name of Easter Island; its Spanish name is Isla de Pascua. The island is located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeastern extremity of the Polynesian Triangle. The island was taken over by Chile in 1888. Its fame and World Heritage status arise from the 887 extant stone statues known by the name \"moai\", whose creation is attributed to the early Rapa Nui people who inhabited the island around 300 AD. Much of the island has been declared as Rapa Nui National Park which, on 22 March 1996, UNESCO designated a World Heritage Site under cultural criteria (i), (iii), & (v). The park is under the administrative control of the Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF), which provides legal protection to the total area of the island. As Easter Island has insufficient resources for conserving its natural heritage, the Government of Chile and the National Council of Monuments have provided financial support for the conservation efforts.", "Moai , or Moai, are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500 A.D. Nearly half are still at Rano Raraku, the main moai quarry, but hundreds were transported from there and set on stone platforms called ahu around the island's perimeter. Almost all moai have overly large heads three-eighths the size of the whole statue. The moai are chiefly the living faces (\"aringa ora\") of deified ancestors (\"aringa ora ata tepuna\"). The statues still gazed inland across their clan lands when Europeans first visited the island in 1722, but all of them had fallen by the latter part of the 19th century.", "Proto-writing refers to the early writing systems that emerged in Eurasia in the early 3rd millennium BCE that were a development based on earlier traditions of symbol systems that cannot be classified as writing proper, but have many characteristics strikingly similar to writing. They used ideographic and/or early mnemonic symbols to convey information yet were probably devoid of direct linguistic content. These systems emerged in the early Neolithic period, as early as the 7th millennium BCE.", "A mnemonic (: , : the first \"m\" is silent) device, or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention in the human memory. Mnemonics make use of elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and imagery as specific tools to encode any given information in a way that allows for efficient storage and retrieval. Mnemonics aid original information in becoming associated with something more meaningfulwhich, in turn, allows the brain to have better retention of the information. Commonly encountered mnemonics are often used for lists and in auditory form, such as short poems, acronyms, or memorable phrases, but mnemonics can also be used for other types of information and in visual or kinesthetic forms. Their use is based on the observation that the human mind more easily remembers spatial, personal, surprising, physical, sexual, humorous, or otherwise \"relatable\" information, rather than more abstract or impersonal forms of information.", "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.\nIt is the heir of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.", "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park.", "Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.", "A writing system is any conventional method of visually representing verbal communication. While both writing and speech are useful in conveying messages, writing differs in also being a reliable form of information storage and transfer. The processes of encoding and decoding writing systems involve shared understanding between writers and readers of the meaning behind the sets of characters that make up a script. Writing is usually recorded onto a durable medium, such as paper or electronic storage, although non-durable methods may also be used, such as writing on a computer display, in sand, or by skywriting." ]

[ "age", "agency", "century", "chronology", "collective", "committee", "country", "culture", "device", "division", "equation", "era", "five", "geology", "government", "human", "human rights", "idea", "information", "island", "landmass", "language family", "league", "line", "map", "march", "mediterranean sea", "mnemonic", "moai", "name", "national park", "ocean", "organization", "park", "particle", "people", "perimeter", "period", "point", "population", "position", "relationship", "republic", "rose", "set", "share", "single", "space", "statue", "status", "stone", "subregion", "symbol", "technology", "term", "territory", "three", "treaty", "triangle", "two", "variable", "world heritage site", "writing", "writing system" ]

[ "India Index Services and Products Ltd (IISL), a group Company of NSE Ltd., was set up in May 1998 to provide a variety of indices and index related services and products for the Indian capital markets. It is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. India Index Services & Products Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of NSE Strategic Investment Corporation Limited. The company maintains over 100 equity indices comprising broad-based benchmark indices, sectoral indices and customized indices.", "A stock exchange or bourse is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and/or sell stocks (also called shares), bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as \"continuous auction\" markets, with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, such as the floor of the exchange.", "A stock index or stock market index is a measurement of the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks (typically a weighted average). It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market, and to compare the return on specific investments.", "The NIFTY Next 50 is an index for companies on the National Stock Exchange of India . It represents the next rung of liquid securities after the NIFTY 50 . It consists of 50 companies representing approximately 10 % of the traded value of all stocks on the National Stock Exchange of India . The NIFTY Next 50 is owned and operated by India Index Services and Products Ltd. It is quoted using the symbol NSMIDCP . The NIFTY Next 50 and the NIFTY 50 together comprise the NIFTY 100 , which represents the 100 most liquid stocks traded on the National Stock Exchange of India .", "The NIFTY 50 index is National Stock Exchange of India's benchmark stock market index for Indian equity market. Nifty is owned and managed by India Index Services and Products (IISL), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NSE Strategic Investment Corporation Limited. IISL had a marketing and licensing agreement with Standard & Poor's for co-branding equity indices until 2013. ", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (\"NSE\") is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai.NSE was established in 1992 as the first demutualized electronic exchange in the country. NSE was the first exchange in the country to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based electronic trading system which offered easy trading facility to the investors spread across the length and breadth of the country." ]

[ "agreement", "area", "bay", "benchmark", "company", "corporation", "country", "democracy", "exchange", "index", "india", "location", "market", "may", "measurement", "ocean", "republic", "set", "stock exchange", "stock market index", "system", "tool", "variety" ]

[ "Carl Gustav Jung (26 July 1875  6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. His work has been influential not only in psychiatry but also in anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy and religious studies. As a notable research scientist based at the famous Burghölzli hospital, under Eugen Bleuler, he came to the attention of the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. The two men conducted a lengthy correspondence and collaborated on an initially joint vision of human psychology. Freud saw in the younger man the potential heir he had been seeking to carry on his \"new science\" of psychoanalysis. Jung's researches and personal vision, however, made it impossible for him to bend to his older colleague's dogma and a breach became inevitable. This break was to have historic as well as painful personal repercussions that have lasted to this day. Only latterly has it become clear, how much Jung owed to his fortuitous marriage to the heiress, Emma Rauschenbach, who was not only devoted to him, but forgiving and, in all likelihood, his intellectual equal. Jung was also an artist, craftsman and builder as well as a prolific writer. Many of his works were not published until after his death and some are still awaiting publication.", "Sigmund Freud ( born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.", "Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root \"literatura\"/\"litteratura\" (derived itself from \"littera\": \"letter\" or \"handwriting\") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).", "Paul Eugen Bleuler (30 April 1857 15 July 1939) was a Swiss psychiatrist and eugenicist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and for coining the terms \"schizophrenia\", \"schizoid\", \"autism\", and what Sigmund Freud called \"Bleuler's happily chosen term ambivalence\".", "Jolande Jacobi ( 25 March 1890 -- 1 April 1973 ) was a Swiss psychologist , best remembered for her work with Carl Jung , and for her writings on Jungian psychology .", "Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.\nPsychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, someespecially clinical and counseling psychologistsat times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a \"hub science\", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy.\nWhile psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.", "A persona (plural personae or personas), in the word's everyday usage, is a social role or a character played by an actor. The word is derived from Latin, where it originally referred to a theatrical mask. The Latin word probably derived from the Etruscan word \"phersu\", with the same meaning, and that from the Greek (\"prospon\"). Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a \"character\" of a theatrical performance or court of law, when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role, and legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court appearance. According to other sources, which also admit that the origin of the term is not completely clear, \"persona\" could possibly be related to the Latin verb \"per-sonare\", literally: \"sounding through\", with an obvious link to the above-mentioned theatrical mask.", "Burghölzli is the common name given for the psychiatric hospital of the University of Zürich, Switzerland. The hospital is located on \"Burghölzli\", a wooded hill in the district of Riesbach of southeastern Zürich." ]

[ "actor", "austria", "burghölzli", "freiberg", "media", "most", "oral", "psychiatric hospital", "switzerland", "united kingdom", "zürich" ]

[ "Volvo Car Corporation (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish automobile manufacturer established in 1927 and headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, where it operates out of the VAK building. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group of China.", "The Volvo Museum is in Gothenburg, Sweden. It covers the development of Sweden's leading vehicle manufacturer Volvo, from the first ÖV 4 to the current cars, trucks, buses and other products. The museum also contains many other exhibits, including Gabrielssons and Larsons joint desk from the pioneering years. There are also displays of Volvo Aero and Volvo Penta products.", "The Volvo Group (legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylised as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. Although the two firms are still often conflated, Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, is owned by Geely Holding Group a Chinese multinational automotive manufacturing company and has been a totally separate company since it was sold to the Ford Motor Company in 1999. The companies still share the Volvo logo and co-operate in running the Volvo Museum.", "Assar Thorvald Nathanael Gabrielsson ( 13 August 1891 - 28 May 1962 ) was a Swedish industrialist and co-founder of Volvo .", "Gothenburg is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated by the Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, the city has a population of approximately 550,000 in the urban area and 990,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area.", "Geely (officially Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd) is a Chinese multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Its principal products are automobiles, taxis, motorcycles, delivery vans, engines, and transmissions. It sells passenger cars under the Geely and Volvo brands and taxis under the London Taxi brand. Delivery vans are sold under the brand Emerald." ]

[ "china", "gothenburg", "sweden", "zhejiang" ]

[ "Monsters of Folk is an American supergroup, consisting of Jim James from My Morning Jacket, Conor Oberst and Mike Mogis from Bright Eyes, and M. Ward, solo artist and half of She & Him. The band was formed in 2004 when the members were on tour with their respective bands and solo projects. After playing together both on-stage and backstage, they started working together on various material. Due to the members' main projects, Monsters of Folk did not wrap up their first album until 2009, and it was released on September 22 on Rough Trade.\nIt debuted at 143 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and peaked at 15.\nIt also reached No. 3 on Top Independent Albums, No. 8 on Top Rock Albums, No. 7 on Top Digital Albums, and No. 6 on Top Alternative Albums.", "Conor Mullen Oberst (born February 15, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his work in Bright Eyes. He has also played in several other bands, including Desaparecidos, Norman Bailer later renamed (The Faint), Commander Venus, Park Ave., Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Arab Strap and Monsters of Folk. Oberst was named the Best Songwriter of 2008 by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine.", "The Faint is an American indie rock band. Formed in Omaha, Nebraska, the band consists of Todd Fink, Jacob Thiele, Dapose, Joel Petersen and Clark Baechle. The Faint was originally known as Norman Bailer and included Conor Oberst (of Bright Eyes, with whom the Faint toured in 2005). He quit shortly after the band was formed, though the Faint continued to share a spot with Bright Eyes on Saddle Creek Records.", "Saddle Creek Records is an American record label based in Omaha, Nebraska. Started as a college class project on entrepreneurship, the label was founded by Mike Mogis and Justin Oberst in 1993 (as Lumberjack Records). Mogis soon turned over his role in the company to Robb Nansel. The label is named after Saddle Creek Road, a street that cuts through the east side of midtown Omaha, and the beginnings of a scene whose members included Conor Oberst (then a solo artist, currently of Bright Eyes, Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Desaparecidos and Monsters of Folk), Tim Kasher (then of Slowdown Virginia, currently of Cursive and The Good Life), and others. Collectively, they were known unofficially as the \"Creekers\". Saddle Creek first appeared in print on a show flyer, offering to \"Spend an evening with Saddle Creek\" (later to be the title of the label's DVD.) Saddle Creek became an incorporated entity as a result of a class project on entrepreneurship. Distribution is handled by the Alternative Distribution Alliance, which is under the Warner Music Group umbrella.", "Todd Fink (born Todd Baechle, pronounced \"BECK-lee\") March 3, 1974 from Omaha, Nebraska is the lead singer of the band The Faint. He attended Westside High School in Omaha, Nebraska.", "Sine Sierra is The Faint 's debut album , released in 1995 . At the time , the band was known as Norman Bailer . The album was released by Lumberjack Records on cassette only . Conor Oberst , of Bright Eyes , was in the band at the time . He played guitar and sang back - up vocals , as well as being the sole singer on certain songs , including `` Willow Wood '' .", "Commander Venus was an American emo band from Omaha, Nebraska. Fronted by Conor Oberst and Tim Kasher, the band also included Todd Fink and Matt Bowen of The Faint, Ben Armstrong of Head of Femur and Robb Nansel, executive producer of the indie label Saddle Creek. Kasher subsequently went on to front the band Cursive, and Oberst later became famous as the core member of the indie folk collective Bright Eyes, and later the punk band Desaparecidos.", "Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Indie rock encapsulates indie pop and lo-fi, among others. Originally used to describe record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. As grunge and punk revival bands in the US, and then Britpop bands in the UK, broke into the mainstream in the 1990s, it came to be used to identify those acts that retained an outsider and underground perspective. In the 2000s, as a result of changes in the music industry and the growing importance of the Internet, some indie rock acts began to enjoy commercial success, leading to questions about its meaningfulness as a term.", "Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band is the name taken by Conor Oberst and his backing band, which is composed of Nik Freitas (guitar), Taylor Hollingsworth (guitar), Macey Taylor (bass), Nate Walcott (keyboards/organ) and Jason Boesel (drums). The band was formed to back Oberst on his 2008 solo album but soon evolved into a band of its own will all members singing and providing songs for 2009's Outer South", "Park Ave. was an indie pop band which started in January 1996 in Omaha, Nebraska." ]

[ "1996", "album", "beck", "label", "labels", "pop", "saddle creek records", "united kingdom" ]

[ "GMA Pinoy TV, is a Filipino television channel incorporated in February 2004 by GMA Network and its subsidiaries, GMA International and GMA Worldwide Inc. It was launched in 2005, primarily in Japan and the USA, as a 24-hour international Filipino television station. The channel is targeted towards overseas Filipinos and their families in the Philippines. The network airs shows produced by GMA Network. Drawing on programming from its flagship station in the Philippines, the network's programs can be seen worldwide.", "Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products that include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "A video blog or video log, usually shortened to vlog , is a form of blog for which the medium is video, and is a form of web television. Vlog entries often combine embedded video (or a video link) with supporting text, images, and other metadata. Entries can be recorded in one take or cut into multiple parts. The vlog category is popular on YouTube.", "YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employeesChad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karimin February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "Quezon City ( also known as QC) is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it to replace Manila as the national capital for 28 years from 1948 to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province, which was also named after the president. It is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area and most populated local government unit in the country.", "Precious Lara San Agustin Quigaman-Alcaraz, Order of Lakandula awardee, (born January 3, 1983, Taguig, Philippines) is a Filipino actress, multi-product endorser and former beauty queen who won the Miss International 2005 beauty pageant held in Tokyo, Japan. She is the fourth Filipino to have won the crown, after Gemma Cruz in 1964, Aurora Pijuan in 1970, and Melanie Marquez in 1979. Prior to winning Miss International, Quigaman joined Binibining Pilipinas twice, first in 2001 and last in 2005. The latter ultimately earned her the title of Binibining Pilipinas International.", "A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants, although some contests have evolved to also incorporate personality traits, intelligence, talent, and answers to judges' questions as judged criteria. The term almost invariably refers only to contests for unmarried women such as the Big Four international beauty pageants;<ref name=\"chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385531.htm\"></ref> with similar events for men or boys being called by other names and more likely to be bodybuilding contests.", "Jawed Karim ( ) (born 28 October 1979) is an Internet entrepreneur, who co-founded YouTube and was the first person to upload a video on it. The video he released was named 'Me at the zoo' and as of 2016 has reached 34 million views. Many of the core components of PayPal, including its real-time anti-internet fraud system, were also designed and implemented by Karim.", "Janina Miller San Miguel ( born November 14 , 1990 ) is a Filipino beauty queen who was crowned Binibining Pilipinas World at the Binibining Pilipinas 2008 beauty pageant . She gained notoriety for her performance in the pageant 's question and answer portion , where she lost her composure and gave an unfocused and rambling response with a thick accent . A video of the incident has garnered millions of views on websites such as YouTube . San Miguel resigned from her title in September 2008 , citing personal reasons including the death of her grandfather . The title was transferred to first runner up Danielle Castaño , who went on to represent the country at the Miss World 2008 pageant .", "A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to become more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food and other products. Although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including \"illustrated song\", \"filmed insert\", \"promotional (promo) film\", \"promotional clip\", \"promotional video\", \"song video\", \"song clip\" or \"film clip\". Since the creation and increased popularity of YouTube, mainstream artists now promote new music videos by releasing trailers of short promos on the site for their upcoming song and music video. Consequentially, YouTube has been converted into a social media platform for celebrities and artists to market themselves to their fans", "Paolo Bediones (born March 17, 1974) is a Filipino television host, newscaster, and radio commentator.", "PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American company operating a worldwide online payments system that supports online money transfers and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods like checks and money orders. PayPal is one of the world's largest Internet payment companies. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee.", "Video clips are short clips of video, usually part of a longer recording. The term is also more loosely used to mean any short video less than the length of a traditional television program.", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "GMA Network (Global Media Arts or simply GMA) is a major commercial broadcast television and radio network in the Philippines. GMA Network is the flagship property of publicly traded GMA Network Inc. Its first broadcast on television was on October 29, 1961, GMA Network (formerly known as RBS TV Channel 7, GMA Radio-Television Arts then GMA Rainbow Satellite Network) is commonly signified to as the \"Kapuso Network\" in reference to the outline of the companys logo. It has also been called the Christian Network which refers to the apparent programming during the tenure of the new management, which took over in 1976. It is headquartered in the GMA Network Center in Quezon City and its transmitter, Tower of Power is located at Tandang Sora Avenue, Barangay Culiat also in Quezon City.", "Chad Meredith Hurley (born January 24, 1977) is an American co-founder and former CEO of the popular video-sharing website YouTube and MixBit. In June 2006, he was voted 28th on Business 2.0's \"50 People Who Matter Now\" list. In October 2006, he and Steve Chen sold YouTube for $1.65 billion to Google. Hurley worked in eBay's PayPal divisionone of his tasks involved designing the original PayPal logo before starting YouTube with fellow PayPal colleagues Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. Hurley was primarily responsible for the tagging and video-sharing aspects of YouTube.", "Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature. An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups doing specified poses, and later perform individual posing routines, for a panel of judges who rank the competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity and conditioning. Bodybuilders prepare for competitions through a combination of intentional dehydration, elimination of nonessential body fat and carbohydrate loading to achieve maximum vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate muscular definition.\nThe winner of the annual IFBB Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top male professional bodybuilder. The title is currently held by Phil Heath. The winner of the Women's Physique portion of the competition is widely regarded as the world's top female professional bodybuilder. The title is currently held by Juliana Malacarne. Since 1950, the NABBA Universe Championships has been considered the top amateur bodybuilding contest with many notable winners such as Steve Reeves, Reg Park, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lee Priest.", "MPEG-4 is a method of defining compression of audio and visual (AV) digital data. It was introduced in late 1998 and designated a standard for a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11) under the formal standard ISO/IEC 14496  \"Coding of audio-visual objects\". Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of AV data for web (streaming media) and CD distribution, voice (telephone, videophone) and broadcast television applications.", "Steven Shih \"Steve\" Chen (born in August 18, 1978) is a Taiwanese-born American Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as one of the co-founders and the previous chief technology officer of the popular website YouTube. After having co-founded the company \"AVOS Systems, Inc.\" and built the video-sharing app MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.", "Charlene Mae Gonzales Bonnin-Muhlach (born May 1, 1974) is a Filipino television and film personality and beauty queen. Gonzalez won the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1994 title and represented her country at the Miss Universe 1994 pageant held in Manila, where she won the Best National Costume award and was one of the Top 6 Finalists.\nShe is also an award winning talk show host and a commercial model.", "Binibining Pilipinas 2008 (Miss Philippines 2008), the 45th Binibining Pilipinas Charities, Inc. (BPCI) beauty pageant, was held at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City on 8 March 2008. Twenty-four candidates competed in the event, which was broadcast by GMA Network in the Philippines, and by GMA Pinoy TV internationally on 9 March. The event was hosted by Paolo Bediones and Charlene Gonzales. 2005 Miss International Precious Lara Quigaman was the pageant correspondent." ]

[ "actress", "advertising", "bodybuilder", "chief technology officer", "commercial", "correspondent", "drawing", "entrepreneur", "founder", "major", "marketing", "model", "president", "priest", "prior", "radio", "sovereign", "taiwan", "talent", "talk show host", "television" ]

[ "Vadodara (formerly known as Baroda), the Cultural Capital of Gujarat, is the third largest city in the Western Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. It is the administrative headquarters of Vadodara District and is located on the banks of the Vishwamitri river, southeast of Ahmedabad, from the state capital Gandhinagar. The railway line and NH 8 that connect Delhi and Mumbai pass through Vadodara.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Ajwa is a reservoir located about 10 miles east of the city of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.", "The village of Nimeta is located 15 km near the city of Baroda , India . The name Nimeta is always used with Ajwa ; the entire region is commonly referred to as Ajwa Nimeta . Nimeta has a water treatment plant . Its gardens make the town a popular tourist place .", "Gujarat (\"\"  ) is a state in Western India, sometimes referred to as the \"Jewel of Western India\". It has an area of with a coastline of , most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India." ]

[ "ahmedabad", "andaman and nicobar islands", "bangalore", "bhutan", "chennai", "china", "delhi", "east", "gandhinagar", "gujarat", "hyderabad", "india", "madhya pradesh", "maldives", "mumbai", "nepal", "of", "south", "southwest", "sri lanka", "thailand", "vadodara", "vadodara district", "west" ]

[ "Illawarra is a region in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a coastal region situated immediately south of Sydney and north of the Shoalhaven or South Coast region. It encompasses the cities of Wollongong, Shellharbour, the town of Kiama and the shire of Wingecarribee.", "The Tangara (an Aboriginal Australian word meaning \"to go\") is a class of electric multiple unit operated by Sydney Trains in Sydney, Australia. The Tangaras were delivered between 1988 and 1995, and are third-generation trains.", "The South Coast Line is an intercity rail service operated by NSW TrainLink that services the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The service runs from , and runs the entire length of the eponymous South Coast railway line to . The service also runs along the Eastern Suburbs railway line at peak hours and the Port Kembla railway line to . It is operated with NSW TrainLink H sets and Sydney Trains T sets, with Endeavour railcars operating the service on the non-electrified line between and Bomaderry.", "Oceania (or ), also known as Oceanica, is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Southeast Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago.", "Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. Residents of Sydney are known as \"Sydneysiders\". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in Sydney.", "New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. It has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the estimated population of New South Wales was 7.5 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 4.67 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as \"New South Welshmen\".", "The Eastern Suburbs Railway is a commuter railway line in Sydney constructed in the 1970s. It is operated by Sydney Trains and has stations at Martin Place, Kings Cross, Edgecliff and Bondi Junction. In addition, it has dedicated platforms at Town Hall, Central and Redfern stations. All of these stations are underground. The Eastern Suburbs railway connects with the Illawarra line at Erskineville, forming the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line. The line features turnbacks at Central, Martin Place and Bondi Junction. There is also a rarely used cross-over or 'turnout' at Edgecliff. It operates a service every 3 to 5 minutes during peak hours, 8 to 10 minutes at other times and 8 to 10 minutes on weekends.", "The NSW TrainLink H set or OSCAR (Outer Suburban CAR) is a class of electric multiple unit built by UGL Rail, Broadmeadow for CityRail in New South Wales, Australia. They are operated by NSW TrainLink. These sets operate services from Sydney to Hamilton (Newcastle), Springwood and Kiama. The first entered service in December 2006 and the last in December 2012. They are formed into 55 four-carriage sets.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "Kings Cross railway station is located on the Eastern Suburbs line , serving the Sydney suburb of Kings Cross . It is served by Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and NSW TrainLink South Coast Line services ." ]

[ "7", "a", "coast line", "eastern suburbs railway line", "ocean" ]

[ "The Language Instinct is a 1994 book by Steven Pinker , written for a general audience . Pinker argues that humans are born with an innate capacity for language . He deals sympathetically with Noam Chomsky 's claim that all human language shows evidence of a universal grammar , but dissents from Chomsky 's skepticism that evolutionary theory can explain the human language instinct .", "Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American bi-monthly magazine carrying popular science content, which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects. \"Popular Science\" has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in both 2003 (for General Excellence) and 2004 (for Best Magazine Section). With roots beginning in 1872, \"PopSci\" has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries.", "Modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\", primarily ssp. \"Homo sapiens sapiens\") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.", "In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.", "A psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes (see also psychology). Typically, psychologists must have completed a university degree in psychology, which is a master's degree in some countries and a doctorate in others. This definition of psychologist is non-exclusive; in most jurisdictions, members of other professions (such as counselors and psychiatrists) can also evaluate, diagnose, treat, and study mental processes. Some psychologists, such as clinical and counseling psychologists, provide mental health care, and some psychologists, such as social or organizational psychologists conduct research and provide consultation services.", "The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 1533 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.", "Philosophy of language seeks to understand the relationship between language and reality. Major topics in philosophy of language are the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, learning, and thought.", "Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.", "Plato (Greek: \"Plátn\", in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 348/347 BCE) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire \"œuvre\" is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.", "Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky.", "Gorgias (c. 485 c. 380 BC) was a Greek sophist, Italiote, pre-Socratic philosopher and rhetorician who was a native of Leontini in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first generation of Sophists. Several doxographers report that he was a pupil of Empedocles, although he would only have been a few years younger. \"Like other Sophists he was an itinerant, practicing in various cities and giving public exhibitions of his skill at the great pan-Hellenic centers of Olympia and Delphi, and charged fees for his instruction and performances. A special feature of his displays was to invite miscellaneous questions from the audience and give impromptu replies.\" He has been called \"Gorgias the Nihilist\" although the degree to which this epithet adequately describes his philosophy is controversial.", "In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics.", "Semantics (from \"smantikos\", \"significant\") is primarily the linguistic, and also philosophical study of meaningin language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics. It focuses on the relationship between \"signifiers\"like words, phrases, signs, and symbolsand what they stand for, their denotation.", "Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.\nPsychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, someespecially clinical and counseling psychologistsat times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a \"hub science\", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy.\nWhile psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.", "In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term \"syntax\" is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.", "Evolutionary psychology (EP) is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution. Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology. Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions. Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behavior is the output of psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments.", "Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.", "In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content (with literal or practical meaning). This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: \"oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect\"), or several (\"rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected\"), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand on its own as a word (in the words just mentioned, these are \"-s, -ness, -ly, -ing, un-, -ed\").\nA complex word will typically include a root and one or more affixes (\"rock-s, red-ness, quick-ly, run-ning, un-expect-ed\"), or more than one root in a compound (\"black-board, rat-race\"). Words can be put together to build larger elements of language, such as phrases (\"a red rock\"), clauses (\"I threw a rock\"), and sentences (\"He threw a rock too, but he missed\").", "Communication (from Latin \"commnicre\", meaning \"to share\") is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.", "Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his \"\".", "Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called \"phonemics\", or \"phonematics\"), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. ", "Universal grammar (UG) in linguistics, is the theory of the genetic component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. The basic postulate of UG is that language is hard-wired into the brain. It is sometimes known as \"mental grammar\", and stands opposed to other \"grammars\", e.g. prescriptive, descriptive and pedagogical. The theory suggests that linguistic ability becomes manifest without being taught (see the poverty of the stimulus argument), and that there are properties that all natural human languages share. It is a matter of observation and experimentation to determine precisely what abilities are innate and what properties are shared by all languages.", "Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure (or 26 November 1857 22 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments both in linguistics and semiology in the 20th century. He is widely considered one of the founders of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major founders (together with Charles Sanders Peirce) of semiotics/semiology.", "In philosophy, a computational theory of mind names a view that the human mind or the human brain (or both) is an information processing system and that thinking is a form of computing. The theory was proposed in its modern form by Hilary Putnam in 1961, and developed by the MIT philosopher and cognitive scientist Jerry Fodor (who was Putnam's PhD student) in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Despite being vigorously disputed in analytic philosophy in the 1990s (due to work by Putnam himself, John Searle, and others), the view is common in modern cognitive psychology and is presumed by many theorists of evolutionary psychology; in the 2000s and 2010s the view has resurfaced in analytic philosophy (Scheutz 2003, Edelman 2008).", "In neuropsychology, linguistics and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation. Natural languages can take different forms, such as speech, signing, or writing. They are distinguished from constructed and formal languages such as those used to program computers or to study logic.", "Steven Arthur \"Steve\" Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-born American cognitive scientist, psychologist, linguist, and popular science author. He is Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind.", "Instinct or innate behavior is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behavior. The simplest example of an instinctive behavior is a fixed action pattern (FAP), in which a very short to medium length sequence of actions, without variation, are carried out in response to a clearly defined stimulus. ", "A tribe is viewed, developmentally or historically, as a social group existing before the development of, or outside, states. A tribe is a group of distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood, who are largely self-sufficient, and not integrated into the national society. It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public. Stephen Corry, director of Survival International, an organisation dedicated to indigenous rights, defines tribal people as those who \"...have followed ways of life for many generations that are largely self-sufficient, and are clearly different from the mainstream and dominant society.\" This definition, however, would not apply in countries in the Middle East such as Iraq, where the entire population is a member of one tribe or another, and tribalism itself is dominant and mainstream.", "Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology. Unlike semantics, which examines meaning that is conventional or \"coded\" in a given language, pragmatics studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on structural and linguistic knowledge (e.g., grammar, lexicon, etc.) of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance, any pre-existing knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other factors. In this respect, pragmatics explains how language users are able to overcome apparent ambiguity, since meaning relies on the manner, place, time etc. of an utterance.", "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.", "Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary.", "Phonetics (pronounced , from the , \"phn\", 'sound, voice') is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, orin the case of sign languagesthe equivalent aspects of sign. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds or signs (phones): their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with the abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds or signs." ]

[ "abstract", "action", "analytic philosophy", "animal", "biology", "communication", "family", "grammar", "history", "information", "instruction", "linguistics", "logic", "magazine", "medicine", "nature", "persian", "philosophy", "popular science", "psychology", "research", "science", "sexual", "share", "society", "study", "urban", "various", "western", "will" ]

[ "Bethuel (\"Bêl\", house of God), in the Hebrew Bible, was an Aramean man, the youngest son of Nahor and Milcah, the nephew of Abraham, and the father of Laban and Rebecca.", "Rachel was the favorite of Biblical patriarch Jacob's two wives as well as the mother of Joseph and Benjamin, two of the twelve progenitors of the tribes of Israel. The name \"Rachel\" means ewe. Rachel was the daughter of Laban and the younger sister of Leah, Jacob's first wife. Rachel was a niece of Rebekah (Jacob's mother), Laban being Rebekah's brother, making Jacob her first cousin.", "Leah (\"Lea\"; \"La'ya;\" from ), as described in the Hebrew Bible, is the first of the two concurrent wives of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob and mother of six sons whose descendants became some of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, along with one daughter, Dinah. Leah was the daughter of Laban and the older sister of Rachel, whom Jacob also married.", "The Twelve Tribes of Israel or Tribes of Israel were the tribes said by the Hebrew Bible to have descended from the patriarch Jacob (who was later named Israel). Jacob had 12 sons and at least one daughter (Dinah) by two wives and two concubines. According to the biblical tradition, the twelve sons fathered the twelve tribes of Israel.", "In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah ( \"meaning uncertain,\" Standard Hebrew \"Zilpa\", Tiberian Hebrew \"Zilpâ\") was Leah's handmaid, whom Leah gave to Jacob \"to wife\" to bear him children. Zilpah gave birth to two sons, whom Leah claimed as her own and named Gad and Asher.", "Jacob, later given the name Israel, is regarded as a Patriarch of the Israelites. According to the Book of Genesis, Jacob ( ') was the third Hebrew progenitor with whom God made a covenant. He is the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of Abraham, Sarah and of Bethuel, the nephew of Ishmael, and the younger twin brother of Esau. Jacob had twelve sons and at least one daughter, by his two wives, Leah and Rachel, and by their handmaidens Bilhah and Zilpah.", "According to the Book of Genesis , Naphtali ( / næftla / ; Hebrew : , Modern Naftali , Tiberian Naptlî ; `` my struggle '' ) was the sixth son of Jacob and second son with Bilhah . He was the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Naphtali . However , some Biblical scholars view this as postdiction , an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation .", "Bilhah ( \"unworried\", Standard Hebrew \"Bilha\", Tiberian Hebrew \"Bilhâ\") is a person mentioned in the Book of Genesis. describes her as Laban's handmaid, who was given to Rachel to be her handmaid on Rachel's marriage to Jacob. When Rachel failed to have children, Rachel gave Bilhah to Jacob \"to wife\" to bear him children. Bilhah gave birth to two sons, who Rachel claimed as her own and named Dan and Naphtali. expressly calls Bilhah Jacob's concubine, a \"pilegesh\".", "The Tribe of Naphtali was one of the twelve tribes of Israel." ]

[ "dinah", "leah", "milcah", "rachel", "rebecca" ]

[ "Northern Italy is a cultural and geographical region, without any administrative purpose, used to indicate the northern part of the Italian state, also informally referred as \"Il Nord\", \"Settentrione\" or \"Alta Italia\". It consists of 8 regions in northern Italy: Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. According to the 2011 census, its population was 27,213,372. For statistic purposes, the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) uses the term Northwest Italy and Northeast Italy for identifying two of the five statistical regions in its reporting. These same subdivisions are used to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions (\"NUTS 1 regions\") within the European Union, and the Italian constituencies for the European Parliament.", "Piedmont (Piedmontese and ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres (9,808 sq mi) and a population of about 4.6 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin.", "Italian Fascism, also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, as developed in Italy. The ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party, which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, the Republican Fascist Party that ruled the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, the post-war Italian Social Movement and subsequent Italian neo-fascist movements.", "Friuli-Venezia Giulia is one of the 20 regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. (Note that Venezia, i.e. Venice, is \"not\" in this region, despite the name.) It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia (known in English also as Julian March), each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity. The name of the region was spelled FriuliVenezia Giulia until 2001, when, in connection with a modification of article nr. 116 of the Italian constitution, the official spelling \"Friuli Venezia Giulia\" was adopted.", "The National Fascist Party (\"Partito Nazionale Fascista\", PNF) was an Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism (previously represented by groups known as \"Fasci\"). The party ruled Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome, to 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism.", "Lombardy ( Lombard: \"Lombardia\", ) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of 23,844 square kilometres (9,206 sq mi). About 10 million people, forming one-sixth of Italy's population, live in Lombardy and about a fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in the region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest regions in Europe. Milan, Lombardy's capital, is the second-largest city and the largest metropolitan area in Italy.", "The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU. The Parliament is composed of 751 (previously 766) members, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "The Republican Fascist Party ( Italian : Partito Fascista Repubblicano , PFR ) was a political party led by Benito Mussolini during the German occupation of Central and Northern Italy . It was founded as the successor of former National Fascist Party as an anti-monarchist party . It considered King Victor Emmanuel III to be a traitor after he had signed the surrender to the Allied powers .", "The Grand Council of Fascism was the main body of Mussolini's Fascist government in Italy. A body which held and applied great power to control the institutions of government, it was created as a party body in 1923 and became a state body on 9 December 1928. The council usually met at the Palazzo Venezia, Rome, which was also the seat of head of the Italian government.", "The March on Rome was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (\"Partito Nazionale Fascista\", or PNF) came to power in the Kingdom of Italy (\"Regno d'Italia\"). The march took place from 22 to 29 October 1922.", "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883  28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party (\"Partito Nazionale Fascista\"; PNF), ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as \"Il Duce\" (The Leader), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism." ]

[ "10", "116", "1883", "1922", "1923", "1928", "1999", "2001", "2002", "2011", "27", "28 april 1945", "29", "375", "9" ]

[ "Darien Brockington is an American singer, songwriter, vocal arranger and actor.", "Chaundon is an American hip-hop artist from South Bronx, New York City. In 2008, he released his debut album \"Carnage\" and ever since he has become an internet sensation due to his website (http://www.theweightwontloseitself.com theweightwontloseitself.com), independent music show (\"The IMO Show\"), and internet blog show \"Nignorance\". Chaundon released his second album, \"No Excuses\", on October 26, 2010.", "The Justus League was a rap collective from North Carolina, that included L.E.G.A.C.Y., The Away Team, Darien Brockington, Little Brother, Edgar Allen Floe, Median, Chaundon, Cesar Comanche, and Joe Scudda.", "North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh. The most populous municipality is Charlotte, and it is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City.", "Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detectiveeither professional or amateurinvestigates a crime, often murder.", "Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809  October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story. Poe is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.", "L.E.G.A.C.Y. is a rapper from North Carolina, and member of the Justus League collective.", "Edgar Allen Floe is a hip hop artist from North Carolina and a member of Justus League and The Undefined . His name is a play on words of the name of the famous writer , Edgar Allan Poe .", "Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, and the natural sciences. It had a significant and complex effect on politics, and while for much of the Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, its long-term effect on the growth of nationalism was perhaps more significant.", "Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas.\" It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.", "Cesar Comanche, is a hip hop artist. Comanche was born Christopher Robinson on November 18, 1976 in Jacksonville, North Carolina." ]

[ "artist", "critic", "detective", "entertainment", "fashion", "inventor", "literary", "major", "rapper", "research", "science", "singer", "songwriter", "travel", "writer" ]

[ "Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (\"Aléxandros ho Mégas\" ), was a king (\"basileus\") of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.", "Basileus is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs in history. In the English-speaking world it is perhaps most widely understood to mean \"king\" or \"emperor\". The best known use of the title is by the Byzantine emperors, but the title also has a longer history of use by sovereigns and other persons of authority in ancient Greece, as well as for the kings of modern Greece.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas (\"\" ), is a country in southeastern Europe. \nGreece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Pella, is an ancient city located in Central Macedonia, Greece, best known as the historical capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon in the time of Alexander the Great. On the site of the ancient city is the Archaeological Museum of Pella.", "Alexander the Great is a 1955 American sword - and - sandal epic film about the life of Macedonian general and king Alexander the Great , written , directed and produced by Robert Rossen with Gordon S. Griffith as executive producer . It was released by United Artists and stars Richard Burton as Alexander along with a large ensemble cast ." ]

[ "africa", "ancient greece", "athens", "bangalore", "chennai", "europe", "greece", "india", "indian ocean", "thailand" ]

[ "Medieval architecture is architecture common in the Middle Ages.", "Kievan Rus' (, ) was a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Rurik dynasty. The modern peoples of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors.", "A millennium (plural millennia or millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears. It derives from the Latin ', thousand, and ', year. It is often, but not always, related to a particular dating system.", "Vladimir-Suzdal (\"Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya\"), formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (11571331) (\"Vladimiro-Suzdal'skoye knyazhestvo\"), was one of the major principalities that succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand duchy divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of principality, however, was prescribed by a Khan declaration (jarlig) issued from the Golden Horde to a noble family of any of smaller principalities.", "Constantinople was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (3301204 and 12611453), and also of the brief Latin (12041261), and the later Ottoman (14531923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD.", "The Russian Revival style is the generic term for a number of different movements within Russian architecture ( pseudo-Russian style , neo-Russian style , Russian - Byzantine style / Byzantine style ( Russian : , , - ) ) that arose in second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of pre-Peterine Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine architecture . The Russian Revival style arose within the framework the renewed interest in the national architecture , which evolved in Europe in the 19th century , and it is an interpretation and stylization of the Russian architectural heritage . Sometimes Russian Revival style is often erroneously called Russian or Old - Russian architecture , although the majority of Revival architects did not directly reproduce the old architectural tradition . Being instead a skillful stylization , the Russian Revival style was consecutively combined with other , international styles - from the architectural romanticism of first half of the 19th century to the modern style .", "A cell church is a Christian church structure centering on the regular gathering of cell groups. Small group ministries are often called cell groups, but may also be called home groups, home friendship groups, home care groups, house fellowships, or life groups.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both \"Byzantine Empire\" and \"Eastern Roman Empire\" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the \"Roman Empire\" (tr. ), or \"Romania\", and to themselves as \"Romans\".", "Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population in July 2015 was (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.", "Rome is a city and special \"comune\" (named \"Roma Capitale\") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated \"comune\" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. ", "The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek: , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title \"Augustus\", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.", "Russian architecture follows a tradition whose roots were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus'. After the fall of Kiev, Russian architectural history continued in the principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, Novgorod, the succeeding states of the Tsardom of Russia, the including architecture). The great churches of Kievan Rus', built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic region. The architectural style of the Kievan state, which quickly established itself, was strongly influenced by Byzantine architecture. Early Eastern Orthodox churches were mainly built from wood, with their simplest form known as a cell church. Major cathedrals often featured many small domes, which has led some art historians to infer how the pagan Slavic temples may have appeared.", "The Tsardom of Russia (\"Russkoye tsarstvo\" or , Rossisyskoye tsarstvo ), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the name of the centralized Russian state from assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.", "Suzdal is a town and the administrative center of Suzdalsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Kamenka River, north of the city of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,535.", "Architecture (Latin \"architectura\", from the Greek \"arkhitekton\" \"architect\", from - \"chief\" and \"builder\") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.", "APSE standing for Ada Programming Support Environment was a specification for a programming environment to support software development in the Ada programming language. This represented the second stage of the U.S. military Ada project; once the language was implemented, it was felt necessary to specify and implement a standard set of tools, hence the APSE. CAIS-A, Common APSE Interface Set A, was defined in MIL STD-1838A.", "Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Later Roman or Eastern Roman Empire. Byzantine architecture was mostly influenced by Roman and Greek architecture and later Sassanian and Islamic influences to an extent. This terminology is used by modern historians to designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as a distinct artistic and cultural entity centered on the new capital of Constantinople rather than the city of Rome and environs. The empire endured for more than a millennium, dramatically influencing Medieval architecture throughout Europe and the Near East, and becoming the primary progenitor of the Renaissance and Ottoman architectural traditions that followed its collapse." ]

[ "annexation", "architect", "architectural style", "architecture", "art", "battle", "capital", "cell", "census", "century", "christian church", "christianity", "church", "city", "comune", "conflict", "country", "district", "duchy", "empire", "environment", "federation", "foundation", "government", "grand duchy", "group", "history", "house", "material", "may", "military", "millennium", "name", "nobility", "noble family", "period", "population", "process", "product", "programming", "realm", "republic", "roman senate", "saint", "sea", "series", "software", "software development", "standard", "state", "style", "terminology", "time", "town", "tradition", "two", "union", "year" ]

[ "A skinhead is a member of a subculture originating among working class youths in London, England in the 1960s that soon spread to other parts of the United Kingdom, with a second working class skinhead movement spreading worldwide in the 1980s. Motivated by social alienation and class solidarity, skins are defined by their close-cropped or shaven heads and working class clothing such as Dr. Martens boots, braces (known as suspenders in American English), high-ankle straight-leg jeans, and simple shirts. The movement reached a peak during its 1980s revival but has endured in multiple contexts worldwide since.", "The Western world or the West is a term usually referring to different nations, depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe. There are many accepted definitions about what they all have in common. The Western world is also known as the Occident (from Latin: \"occidens\" \"sunset, West\", as contrasted with Orient).", "Punk rock (or simply \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically use short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.", "Antoine \"Fats\" Domino, Jr. (born February 26, 1928) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter of French Creole descent. Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records, and he had 35 records in the U.S. Top 40. His musical style is based on traditional rhythm and blues, accompanied by saxophones, bass, piano, electric guitar, and drums.", "Allen Toussaint (January 14, 1938 November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as \"one of popular musics great backroom figures.\" Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions, including \"Java\", \"Mother-in-Law\", \"I Like It Like That\", \"Fortune Teller\", \"Ride Your Pony\", \"Get Out of My Life, Woman\", \"Working in the Coal Mine\", \"Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky\", \"Here Come the Girls\", \"Yes We Can Can\", \"Play Something Sweet\", and \"Southern Nights\". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings, among the best known of which are \"Right Place, Wrong Time\", by his longtime friend Dr. John (\"Mac\" Rebennack), and \"Lady Marmalade\", by Labelle.", "Mainstream is current thought that is widespread. It includes all popular culture and media culture, typically disseminated by mass media. It is to be distinguished from subcultures and countercultures, and at the opposite extreme are cult followings and fringe theories.", "2 Tone Records was an English record label that mostly released ska - and reggae - influenced music with a punk rock and pop music overtone . It was founded by Jerry Dammers of the Specials and backed by Chrysalis Records .", "Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.", "A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Often, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists (\"artists and repertoire\" or \"A&R\"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term \"record label\" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.", "Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the Western world as a softer alternative to rock and roll. The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles. \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other.", "Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music. Frontman Toots Hibbert's soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by \"Rolling Stone\". Their 1968 single \"Do the Reggay\", was the first song to first use the word \"reggae\", naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says, The Maytals were unlike anything else...sensational, raw and dynamic.", "Garage rock (shortened as \"garage\"; sometimes '60s punk\" or \"garage punk\") is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional. The phrase \"garage band\" is often used to refer to musical acts in this genre.", "Rocksteady is a music genre that originated in Jamaica around 1966. A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae, rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads, The Maytals, The Heptones and The Paragons. The term \"rocksteady\" comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis song \"Rock Steady\". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ska dances. The first international rocksteady hit was \"Hold Me Tight\" (1968) by the American soul singer Johnny Nash; it reached number one in Canada.", "The Specials, also known as The Special AKA, are an English 2 Tone and ska revival band formed in 1977 in Coventry. Their music combines a \"danceable ska and rocksteady beat with punk's energy and attitude\". Lyrically they present a \"more focused and informed political and social stance\" than most other ska groups.", "Cecil Bustamente Campbell OD (24 May 1938 8 September 2016), known professionally as Prince Buster, was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer. The records he released in the 1960s influenced and shaped the course of Jamaican contemporary music and created a legacy of work that later reggae and ska artists would draw upon.", "The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.", "Chrysalis Records is a British record label that was created in 1969. The name was both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.", "Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, in area, lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean, by area.", "Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae,\" effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term \"reggae\" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.", "Proto-punk (or \"protopunk\") is the rock music played by garage bands<ref name=\"Bangs (RS-2nd ed./Garage)\"></ref> from the 1960s and early 1970s that presaged the punk rock movement. A retroactive label, the musicians involved were not originally associated with each other, coming from a variety of backgrounds and styles, but together they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.", "Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.", "Ska (Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off-beat. Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs. Some suggest ska dates to earlier times, however. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.", "Jeremy David Hounsell \"Jerry\" Dammers, (born 22 May 1955) is a British musician who is a founder, keyboard player and primary songwriter of the Coventry, England based ska revival band The Specials, The Special A.K.A. and The Spatial AKA Orchestra. He also founded 2 Tone Records.", "\"Do the Reggay\" is a reggae song by The Maytals. Written by Toots Hibbert, produced by Leslie Kong and released on Beverly's Records in Jamaica and Pyramid Records in the UK in 1968. \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae\" and defined the developing genre by giving it its name. At that time, \"reggay\" had been the name of a passing dance fashion in Jamaica, but the song's connection of the word with the music itself led to its use for the style of music that developed from it.", "Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as \"one of America's original art forms\".", "Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, from African-American musical styles such as gospel, jazz, boogie woogie, and rhythm and blues, with country. While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s.", "Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or \"folk\" music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings. Traditional music forms such as early blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller, local audiences." ]

[ "allen", "alton", "best", "beverly", "born", "brand", "campbell", "canada", "caribbean", "coventry", "england", "europe", "global", "industry", "jamaica", "london", "media", "new orleans", "rock", "united kingdom" ]

[ "The Westerwald (literally 'Western Forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the River Rhine in the German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a part of the Rhenish Massif (\"Rheinisches Schiefergebirge\" or Rhenish Slate Mountains). Its highest elevation, at 657 m above sea level, is the Fuchskaute in the High Westerwald.", "A Verbandsgemeinde (plural Verbandsgemeinden) is an administrative unit in the Germanfederal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt. ", "Hadamar is a small town in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hessen, Germany.", "Limburg-Weilburg is a Kreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Lahn-Dill, Hochtaunuskreis, Rheingau-Taunus, Rhein-Lahn, Westerwaldkreis.", "Hundsangen is an \"Ortsgemeinde\" a community belonging to a \"Verbandsgemeinde\" in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Niederhadamar is a German village belonging to the municipality of Hadamar , with 4,000 inhabitants . It is located between several other communities : Elz to the south , Hundsangen to the west , Hadamar to the north , and Offheim to the east . There is also a forest to the west of the city . Niederhadamar has two kindergartens , one Protestant and one Catholic , and a Catholic church , St. Peter 's . It also has a school with an enrollment of approximately 2000 pupils as well as a ground school .", "Rhineland-Palatinate (German: \"Rheinland-Pfalz\") is one of the 16 states (German: \"Länder\", lit. \"countries\" however better translated as \"state\") of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. Its state capital is Mainz. Rhineland-Palatinate is located in western Germany and borders Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Saarland.", "The Westerwaldkreis (direct 1:1 translation: Western Forest District) is a district (\"Kreis\") in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Altenkirchen, Lahn-Dill, Limburg-Weilburg, Rhein-Lahn, the district-free city Koblenz, Mayen-Koblenz and Neuwied." ]

[ "belgium", "berlin", "district", "düsseldorf", "east", "europe", "forest", "germany", "hesse", "limburg", "luxembourg", "mainz", "mountain", "munich", "neuwied", "north", "of", "rhine", "river", "saxony", "stuttgart", "westerwaldkreis" ]

[ "Constantine Bodin (10721101) was the ruler of Duklja, from 1081 to 1101, succeeding his father, Mihailo (10501081). Born in peaceful times, when the Serbs were subjects of the Byzantine Empire, his father was in 1072 approached by Bulgarian nobility, who sought aid in their revolt against the Byzantines; Mihailo sent them Bodin, who was crowned Bulgarian Tsar under the name Peter III and joined the short-lived revolt, being captured the following year after initial success. He was freed in 1078, and upon the death of his father in 1081 he succeeded the throne. Having renewed his acknowledgement of Byzantine overlordship, he soon sided with their enemies, the Normans, which resulted in a Byzantine invasion and his capture. Although he quickly had himself freed, his reputation and influence wane. He was pushed aside by one of his governors and nephews, Vukan in Raška, who continued the struggle against the Byzantines.", "Duklja was a medieval Serb state which roughly encompassed the territories of present-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta and Moraa rivers in the north. First mentioned in 10th and 11th century Byzantine chronicles, it was a vassal of the Byzantine Empire until it became independent in 1040 under Stefan Vojislav (103443) who rose up and managed to take over territories of the earlier Serbian Principality, founding the Vojislavljevi dynasty. Between 1043 and 1080, under Mihailo Vojislavljevi (105081), and his son, Constantine Bodin (r. 10811101), Duklja saw its apogee. Mihailo was given the nominal title \"King of Slavs\" by the Pope after having left the Byzantine camp and supported a Slavic uprising in the Balkans, in which his son Bodin played a central part. Having incorporated the Serbian hinterland (the core of the earlier Serbian Principality, known as \"Raška\") and installed vassal rulers there, this maritime principality emerged as the most powerful Serb polity, seen in the titles used by its rulers (\"Prince of Serbia\", \"of Serbs\"). However, its rise was short-lived, as Bodin was defeated by the Byzantines and imprisoned; pushed to the background, his relative and vassal Vukan became independent in Raška, which continued the fight against the Byzantines while Duklja was struck with civil wars. Between 1113 and 1149 Duklja was the centre of SerbianByzantine conflict, with members of the Vojislavljevi as protégés of either fighting each other for power. Duklja was then incorporated as a crown land of the Grand Principality of Serbia ruled by the Vukanovi dynasty, subsequently known as \"Zeta\", remaining so until the fall of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century.", "Vukan ( Serbian : ; c. 1050 -- 1115 ) was the Grand Prince of Serbia ( Rascia ) from 1083 until his death in 1112 . He ruled together with his brother , Marko . With the death of his uncle Constantine Bodin in 1101 , he becomes the most powerful ruler of the Serbian principalities . He defeated the Byzantines several times , conquering parts of north Macedonia . He is the eponymous founder of the Vukanovi dynasty . Vukan was the first - born of Petrislav , the son of King Mihailo I and his second Greek wife . He and his brother Marko swore an oath of loyalty to Constantine Bodin and took power as his vassals in Rascia in 1083 or 1084 . Marko later disappears from sources . Neither Bosnia , Zachlumia nor Rascia were ever integrated into Duklja . Each Županate had its own nobility and institutions and acquired a Vojislavljevi to head as Župan . In 1089 , Bodin managed to raise the bishopric of Bar to an Archbishopric , by supporting the pope against an antipope . The suffragan bishops were to be : Kotor , Ulcinj , Svac , Skadar , Drivast , Pula , Ras , Bosnia and Trebinje . In obtaining its promotion , it acquired a much larger diocese , including territory that earlier had not been under the pope -- territories of the metropolitan of Durazzo and Archbishop of Ochrid , two sees that recognized the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . The Bar Archbishopric 's new territory were merely theoretical -- the pope 's edict could only affect the churches that recognized Rome . Making Rascia a suffragan to Bar had little meaning , as most of its churches were under Constantinople , and there is none evidence of Vukan changing adherence to Rome . Durazzo and Ochrid may have suffered minimal territorial losses along the coast , Duklja was briefly a subject to Rome , however inland Duklja was not affected , and along with much of Duklja 's coast ( like most of Kotor ) was to retain its loyalty to Orthodoxy . A Byzantine campaign was launched against Duklja between 1089 and 1091 , possibly managing to take Bodin captive for a second time . Civil war broke out in the realm among Bodin 's relatives , greatly weakening Duklja , giving the chance for Rascia to assert itself and break away . Vukan asserts independence , as well as Bosnia and Zahumlje . Up to this point , Duklja had been the center of the Serbian realm , as well as the main resistance to Byzantium in the Balkans . Rascia becamos the most powerful of Serbian states , remaining so throughout the Middle Ages . Rascia , of which was the prestige rose , replaced Duklja as the main opponent of Byzantine rule in the 12th century . Bodin 's heirs were forced to recognize Byzantine overlordship , and had now only the small territory of Duklja and Travunia . In 1091 or 1092 , Vukan became independent , taking the title of Grand Prince ( Veliki Župan ) . His state was centered around present - day Novi Pazar . Subordinate to him were local dukes ( Župan , holding a territory equivalent of a county ) , who seem to have been more or less autonomous in the internal affairs of their counties , but who were obliged to be loyal to Vukan , and supporting him in battle . It seems that the dukes were hereditary holders of their counties , holding their land before Duklja annexed Rascia . In about 1090 , Vukan began raiding Byzantine territory , first in the vicinity of Kosovo . Initially the Byzantines were unable to take steps against Vukan , as they faced a serious threat in the invading Pechenegs . On 29 April 1091 , the Byzantines destroyed the Pecheneg force . With the defeat of the Pechenegs , Alexios I Komnenos could now turn to the Serbs . Alexios I first sent an army with the strategos of Durazzo , which was defeated by Vukan in 1092 . The Emperor now mobilized a much larger army , led by himself , marching onto Rascia . Vukan sends envoys , seeking peace which Alexios I quickly accepted , as a new problem had arisen at home in the Cumans who plundered the lands as far as Adrianople . Immediately after the Emperor 's departure , Vukan breaks the treaty , and began to expand along the Vardar , obtaining much booty and taking the cities of Vranje , Skopje and Tetovo . In 1094 or 1095 , Alexios I marched out to meet the Serbs . Vukan and his dukes arrive at the Emperor 's tent and offer peace , with his own son Uros I as hostage ( throughout the 12th century it was usual for relatives of the Grand Prince to stay at the imperial court as hostages of peace ) . At this time , Rascia was independent -- Vukan acted entirely on his own , no longer a vassal of Duklja . Duklja , because of its civil war , did not involve itself in the Rascian - Byzantine wars . Vukan again marched south , into Macedonia . Alexios could not do anything about him as the Crusade took place . In 1106 Vukan submitted to Alexios . Following Bodin 's death in 1101 , Bodin 's half - brother Dobroslav II succeeded him as king of Doclea . Koopar Branislavljevi , Bodin 's first cousin once removed , travelled from Dyrrhachium to Rascia , forging an alliance with Vukan . This alliance would prove worthy in their successful invasion of Doclea in 1102 . The battle that ensued at the Moraa led to the overthrow of Dobroslav II and the coronation of Koopar to the throne . Dobroslav was subsequently banished to Rascia . However , Koopar 's reign was short - lived as well as Vukan had been planning to install Bodin 's nephew , Vladimir to the Doclean throne . Koopar , having lost influence among the Zachlumoi , married the daughter of a Zachlumian ( Bosnian ) prince ( knez ) . However , in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja , the chronicler specifically mentioned that at the time , Zachlumia was ruled by a ban , not a knez . Koopar later died in battle against the Zachlumoi . Upon his death , Vukan installed Bodin 's nephew Vladimir as planned , to whom he gave his daughter as a wife and so strengthened ties between Rascia and Doclea . A mere pawn in dynastic conflicts , Vladimir was poisoned in 1118 under orders from Queen Jaquinta , widow of his late uncle , Constantine Bodin . Jaquinta then appointed her son , George , to the Doclean throne . Upon spreading his influence in Doclea , Vukan invaded Byzantium once more in the spring of 1106 . He was probably attempting to take advantage of the Norman campaign against the Byzantines ( see Byzantine -- Norman wars ) . In a battle , he defeated John II Komnenos again . The war was concluded by November of that year , with Vukan being forced to send hostages once again to emperor Alexios I in return for peace . There is no written record of Vukan after this war . Scholars believe Vukan died after 1112 . Vukan 's successor was Uroš I his nephew through Marko .", "The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both \"Byzantine Empire\" and \"Eastern Roman Empire\" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the \"Roman Empire\" (tr. ), or \"Romania\", and to themselves as \"Romans\"." ]

[ "1034", "1040", "1043", "1050", "1072", "1080", "1101", "1113", "1453", "81" ]

[ "The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands in England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen. The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.", "Philip Benjamin Neil Frederick `` Phil '' Parkes ( born 8 August 1950 , Sedgley , Staffordshire , England ) is a former football goalkeeper . He was a pupil at Dormston School from September 1961 to December 1965 . Beginning his football career at Walsall , turning professional in 1968 , he made nearly 100 appearances in the Black Country before moving to London , signing for Queens Park Rangers for £ 15,000 in June 1970 . His QPR debut was on Saturday 22 August 1970 in a 3 -- 1 defeat at home to Leicester City . Parkes was part of the QPR team that reached the last eight of the FA Cup in 1974 and were League runners - up to Liverpool in 1976 . Many observers consider that side , managed by Dave Sexton , the finest team never to have won the League . His club career at QPR spanned 344 league appearances ( 406 in all competitions ) . He gained his only England cap during this period , against Portugal in 1974 . Parkes was sold to West Ham United in 1979 for £ 565,000 , a world record for a goalkeeper at the time . It is reported that Sexton , who by then was manager of Manchester United , put in six bids for the player but saw them all turned down . It was only the half million pound bid from West Ham United that QPR chairman Jim Gregory could not resist . Upon John Lyall 's signing of Parkes it was thought that he was a huge risk due to the severity of the condition of his knees but his signing was to pay off as Parkes was to remain first choice keeper for the next ten years . Despite this longevity , however , he only ever gained one piece of silverware , when West Ham beat Arsenal 1 -- 0 to win the 1980 FA Cup Final . Parkes appeared as himself in Thunderbolt and Smokey ! in the boys strip Eagle in 1982 , giving a coaching session to a schoolboy striker who was having to play in goal in a cup semi-final due to the regular keeper being injured . Although Parkes collected just one major trophy during his long playing career , his time at Upton Park saw him come close to picking up honours more than once later on in the 1980s . He was on the losing side in the 1981 Football League Cup Final against Liverpool , the same year that he collected a Second Division title medal as the Hammers returned to the First Division after three years away . In 1983 -- 84 , the Hammers were in the title race mid season but fell away to finish ninth . They re-emerged as title challengers in 1985 -- 86 and were in the hunt for the title right up to the end of April , finally finishing third . He also helped them reach the League Cup semi-finals in 1988 -- 89 , but it was a disappointing season for the Hammers who were then relegated to the Second Division . Parkes had sat out much of the season despite new signing Allen McKnight making many mistakes before Parkes was finally reinstated as first choice . Parkes finished his West Ham career having played exactly the same number of league games for them as he had for QPR -- 344 . In 1990 , he left the Hammers on a free transfer after 11 years and linked up with John Lyall who had returned to management at Ipswich Town . He played three league games in 1990 -- 91 and moved into coaching . In 2003 , an official West Ham United members poll for the greatest West Ham XI named him as the team 's goalkeeper , beating Ludek Miklosko to that position . He is considered by QPR supporters to be one of the three best goalkeepers in the club 's history , the others being Reg Allen and David Seaman . Parkes had great ability , and was unfortunate to only ever win one England cap . He would have won a second soon after his first as , during a game against Wales in 1976 , the manager Don Revie said Parkes would play the second - half , but at half - time with the score still at 0 -- 0 Revie decided to keep Ray Clemence on . After the game Parkes went home and said to his wife he would never make himself available for England again .", "Dudley is a large town in the West Midlands of England, south-east of Wolverhampton and north-west of Birmingham. The town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley and in 2011 had a population of 79,379. The Metropolitan Borough, which includes the towns of Stourbridge and Halesowen, had a population of 312,900. Dudley is sometimes called the capital of the Black Country.", "Sedgley is an area in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England." ]

[ "bromsgrove", "dudley", "england", "midlands", "of", "sandwell", "sedgley", "wolverhampton", "worcestershire" ]

[ "An inquest is a judicial inquiry in common law jurisdictions, particularly one held to determine the cause of a person's death. Conducted by a judge, jury, or government official, an inquest may or may not require an autopsy carried out by a coroner or medical examiner. Generally, inquests are only conducted when deaths are sudden or unexplained. An inquest may be called at the behest of a coroner, judge, prosecutor, or, in some jurisdictions, upon a formal request from the public. A coroner's jury may be convened to assist in this type of proceeding. \"Inquest\" can also mean such a jury and the result of such an investigation. In general usage, \"inquest\" is also used to mean any investigation or inquiry.", "Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.", "A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing.", "Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United StatesCanada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state.", "Jimmy McDougall was Procurator Fiscal in Dumfries when Pan Am Flight 103 crashed at Lockerbie , Scotland , on 21 December 1988 killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew on board , as well as 11 people in the town of Lockerbie .", "London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.", "The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, the FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.", "A procurator fiscal (pl. \"procurators fiscal\"), sometimes called PF or fiscal, is a public prosecutor in Scotland (who, despite the title, has little to do with fiscal issues). They investigate all sudden and suspicious deaths in Scotland (similar to a coroner in other legal systems), conduct fatal accident inquiries (a form of inquest unique to the Scottish legal system) and handle criminal complaints against the police (administrative complaints are handled by the Police Complaints Commissioner for Scotland). They also receive reports from specialist reporting agencies such as Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.", "Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary was the territorial police force responsible for the council area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland until 1 April 2013.", "Lockerbie is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, south-western Scotland. It lies approximately from Glasgow, and from the English border. It had a population of 4,009 at the 2001 census. The town came to international attention in December 1988 when the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed there following a terrorist bomb attack aboard the flight.", "Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi (20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the \"Brotherly Leader\" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. He was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, but he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism.\nBorn near Sirte, Gaddafi was the son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder. He became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. He founded a revolutionary cell within the military; in 1969, they seized power from the monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Gaddafi became Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC); he then abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic, ruling by decree. He implemented measures to remove what he viewed as foreign imperialist influence from Libya, and strengthened ties to Arab nationalist governments, particularly Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt. He was intent on pushing Libya towards \"Islamic socialism\", introducing \"sharia\" as the basis for the legal system and nationalising the oil industry, using the increased revenues to bolster the military, implement social programs, and fund revolutionary militants across the world. In 1973, he initiated a \"Popular Revolution\" with the formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), purported to be a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions. He outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in \"The Green Book\".\nIn 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state called the \"Jamahiriya\" (\"state of the masses\"), officially adopting a symbolic role in governance. He retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. He oversaw unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, and his support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of \"international pariah\". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Gaddafi rejected his earlier ideological commitments and encouraged economic privatisation from 1999, seeking rapprochement with Western nations while also embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 200910. Amid the Arab Spring in 2011, an anti-Gaddafist uprising broke out in eastern Libya, led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) and resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.\nGaddafi dominated Libya's politics for four decades and was the subject of a pervasive cult of personality. A controversial and highly divisive world figure, he was decorated with various awards and lauded for both his anti-imperialist stance and his support for Pan-Africanism and Pan-Arabism. Conversely, he was internationally condemned as a dictator and autocrat whose authoritarian administration violated the human rights of Libyan citizens and supported irredentist movements, tribal warfare, and terrorism in many other nations.", "A coroner is a person whose standard role is to confirm and certify the death of an individual within a jurisdiction. A coroner may also conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death, and investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.", "Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route, was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew, in what became known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 more people on the ground.\nFollowing a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary and the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), arrest warrants were issued for two Libyan nationals in November 1991. In 1999, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi handed over the two men for trial at Camp Zeist, Netherlands after protracted negotiations and UN sanctions. In 2001, Libyan intelligence officer Abdelbaset al-Megrahi was jailed for life after being found guilty of 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing. In August 2009, he was released by the Scottish government on compassionate grounds after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. He died in May 2012, the only person to be convicted for the attack. He had continually asserted his innocence.", "The Scottish Government is Scotland's devolved government. The government was established in 1999 as the Scottish Executive under section 44(1) of the Scotland Act 1998, which created a devolved administration for Scotland in line with the result of the 1997 referendum on Scottish devolution. It was formally renamed in 2012 to the Scottish Government by section 12(1) of the Scotland Act 2012. The government consists of cabinet secretaries, who attend cabinet meetings, and ministers, who do not. It is led by the first minister, who selects the cabinet secretaries and ministers with approval of parliament.", "Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi (, ; 1 April 1952 20 May 2012) was head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines, director of the Centre for Strategic Studies in Tripoli, Libya, and an alleged Libyan intelligence officer. On 31 January 2001, Megrahi was convicted, by a panel of three Scottish judges sitting in a special court at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands, of 270 counts of murder for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988 and was sentenced to life imprisonment. His co-accused, Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, was found not guilty and was acquitted." ]

[ "book", "canada", "chairperson", "colonel", "coroner", "director", "human rights", "intelligence officer", "judge", "justice", "king", "law enforcement", "leader", "major", "mayor", "medical examiner", "minister", "official", "police", "political theorist", "prosecutor", "terrorist", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type. Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia.\nLands typically referred to as \"prairie\" tend to be in North America. The term encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wetter, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and western and southern Minnesota. The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occupy vast areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.", "Saskatchewan (or ) is a prairie and boreal province in west-central Canada, the only province without natural borders. It has an area of , nearly 10 percent of which is fresh water, composed mostly of rivers, reservoirs, and the province's 100,000 lakes.", "Utah (or ) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million (Census estimate for July 1, 2016), approximately 80% of whom live along the Wasatch Front, centering on the state capital Salt Lake City. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.", "Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of and shares its northern border with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region. At its foot is a densely populated city area, home to over 30,000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities.", "Montana is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including \"Big Sky Country\" and \"The Treasure State\", and slogans that include \"Land of the Shining Mountains\" and more recently \"The Last Best Place\". Montana has a border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and Idaho to the west and southwest. Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands.", "Arizona (O'odham: \"Al onak\" [ai onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Melilla ( \"Maliliyyah\") is a Spanish autonomous city located on the north coast of Africa, sharing a border with Morocco with an area of . Melilla, along with Ceuta, is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish cities in mainland Africa. It was part of Málaga province until 14 March 1995 when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed. ", "Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1, 2015, it is Canada's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905. The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015.", "Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria that first appeared during the Triassic. Although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research, the current scientific consensus places their origin between 231 and 243 million years ago. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the TriassicJurassic extinction event 201 million years ago. Their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and ended when the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups 66 million years ago.", "Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a total population of 2,423,912 . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other is Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.", "Nevada (Spanish for \"snowy\"; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las VegasParadise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the \"Silver State\" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the \"Battle Born State\", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words \"Battle Born\" also appear on the state flag); as the \"Sage-brush State\", for the native plant of the same name; and as the \"Sage-hen State\". Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.", "Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.", "Hadrosaurids (\"hadrós\", \"stout, thick\"), or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is also known as the duck-billed dinosaurs, for the flat, duck-bill appearance of their mouths. The family, which includes ornithopods such as \"Edmontosaurus\" and \"Parasaurolophus\", was a common herbivore in the Upper Cretaceous Period of what is now Asia, Europe, Antarctica, South America and North America. Hadrosaurids are descendants of the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had a similar body layout.\nLike the rest of the ornithischians, these animals had a predentary bone and a pubic bone which was positioned backwards in the pelvis. Hadrosaurids are divided into two principal subfamilies: the lambeosaurines (\"Lambeosaurinae\"), which had hollow cranial crests or tubes, and the saurolophines, identified as hadrosaurines in most pre-2010 works (\"Saurolophinae\" or\" Hadrosaurinae\"), which lacked hollow cranial crests (solid crests were present in some forms). Saurolophines tended to be bulkier than lambeosaurines. Lambeosaurines are divided into Aralosaurines, Lambeosaurines, Parasaurolophines and Tsintaosaurines, while Saurolophines include Saurolophus, Brachylophosaurines and Kritosaurines.", "Lambeosaurus (; meaning \"Lambe's lizard\") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived about 75 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian) of North America. This bipedal/quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur is known for its distinctive hollow cranial crest, which in the best-known species resembled a hatchet. Several possible species have been named, from Canada, the United States, and Mexico, but only the two Canadian species are currently recognized as valid.", "The Russian Far East is the Russian part of the Far East, i.e. the extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. The Far Eastern Federal District, which covers this area, borders with the Siberian Federal District to the west. The Far Eastern Federal District has land borders with the People's Republic of China and North Korea to the south west and maritime borders with Japan and the American state of Alaska. Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes (and previously during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East).", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "Saurolophus (meaning \"lizard crest\") is a genus of large saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs that lived about 70.068.5 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia; it is one of the few genera of dinosaurs known from multiple continents. It is distinguished by a spike-like crest which projects up and back from the skull. \"Saurolophus\" was a herbivorous dinosaur which could move about either bipedally or quadrupedally.", "The Iberian Peninsula , also known as Iberia , is located in the southwest corner of Europe. The peninsula is principally divided between Portugal and Spain, comprising most of their territory. It also includes Andorra and a small part of France along the peninsula's northeastern edge, as well as Gibraltar on its south coast, a small peninsula which forms an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. With an area of approximately , it is the second largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian.", "Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The group, traditionally recognized as the suborder Lacertilia, is defined as all extant members of the Lepidosauria (reptiles with overlapping scales) that are neither sphenodonts (i.e., tuatara) nor snakes they form an evolutionary grade. While the snakes are recognized as falling phylogenetically within the Toxicofera clade from which they evolved, the sphenodonts are the sister group to the squamates, the larger monophyletic group, which includes both the lizards and the snakes.", "The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Parasaurolophus (or ; meaning \"near crested lizard\" in reference to \"Saurolophus\") is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 76.574.5 million years ago. It was a herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Three species are recognized: \"P. walkeri\" (the type species), \"P. tubicen\", and the short-crested \"P. cyrtocristatus\". Remains are known from Alberta (Canada), and New Mexico and Utah (United States). The genus was first described in 1922 by William Parks from a skull and partial skeleton found in Alberta.", "Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States. The state is the tenth largest by area, the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming, with a population estimate of 63,335 in 2015. The state population was estimated at 586,107 in 2015, which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U.S. cities.", "The Amur River (Even: , \"Tamur\" ) or Heilong Jiang (\"Black Dragon River\" \"Black Water\") is the world's tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China (Inner Manchuria). The largest fish species in the Amur is the kaluga, attaining a length as great as .", "Charonosaurus (; meaning \"Charon's lizard\") is the name of a genus of dinosaur whose fossils were discovered by Godefroit, Zan & Jin in 2000 on the south bank of the Amur River, dividing China from Russia.", "The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period Mya. It is the last period of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous Period is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation \"Kreide\" (chalk).", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "New Mexico is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It was admitted to the union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. It is usually considered one of the Mountain States. New Mexico is fifth by area, the 36th-most populous, and the sixth-least densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia. With a population of around 1.7 million people and an area of , Idaho is the 14th largest and 39th most populous of the 50 states. The state's capital and largest city is Boise.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Arenysaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (66 million years ago). It is known from a partial skull and skeleton found in late Maastrichtian-age rocks of the Pyrenees Mountains in Spain. The type species is \"A. ardevoli\", described in 2009 by Pereda-Suberbiola \"et al.\", a group of researchers from Spain. The genus name refers to Arén, where it was found, and the specific epithet honours geologist Lluís Ardèvol. The estimated body length of \"Arenysaurus\" is . \"Arenyosaurus\" was a lambeosaurine, a member of the hadrosaurid subfamily with hollow cranial crests. \"Arenysaurus\" is one of the most complete and best dated ever found in the Late Cretaceous period. \n\"Arenysaurus\" was found in a small village (350 inhabitants) in the Aragonese Pyrenees called Arén (Areny in Catalan). The townspeople of Areny worked day and night helping the paleontologists. For this reason the paleontologists dedicated the dig site to Areny. The original bones can be seen in a museum that was built in the town. The museum also houses reconstructions and videos of the dig. An exact replica has been constructed of the bones from where the \"Arenysaurus\" fossils were found in the very position which they were found.", "Ornithopods or members of the clade Ornithopoda (or ) are a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that started out as small, bipedal running grazers, and grew in size and numbers until they became one of the most successful groups of herbivores in the Cretaceous world, and dominated the North American landscape. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex in the duck-bills (hadrosaurs), before they were wiped out by the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event along with all other non-avian dinosaurs. Members are known from all seven continents, though they are generally rare in the Southern Hemisphere.", "The skull is a bony structure that forms the head of the skeleton in most vertebrates. It supports the structures of the face and provides a protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of two parts: the cranium and the mandible. In the human these two parts are the neurocranium and the viscerocranium or facial skeleton that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull forms the anterior most portion of the skeleton and is a product of cephalisationhousing the brain, and several sensory structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In the human these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton.", "The Northwest Territories (also known as NWT; French: \"les Territoires du Nord-Ouest\", \"TNO\"; Athabaskan languages: \"Denendeh\"; Inuinnaqtun: \"Nunatsiaq\"; Inuktitut: ) is a territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately and a 2011 population of 41,462, it is the second largest and most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada. Its estimated population as of 2016 is 44,291. Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission.", "A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.", "A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.", "Parasaurolophini is a tribe of derived lambeosaurine hadrosaurids that are native to Asia , N. America , and probably Europe . It is defined as everything closer to Parasaurolophus walkeri than to Lambeosaurus lambei . It currently contains Charonosaurus ( from the Amur River . ) , Parasaurolophus ( from Utah , New Mexico , Montana and Alberta ) , and possibly Blasisaurus and Arenysaurus ( both from Spain )" ]

[ "animal", "area", "areas", "argentina", "arizona", "bulgaria", "charon", "dinosaur", "edmontosaurus", "human", "lambeosaurinae", "lepidosauria", "lizard", "mya", "ornithopod", "phoenix", "saurolophinae", "toxicofera" ]

[ "A nightclub (also known as a discothèque, disco, dance club or club) is an entertainment venue and bar which serves alcoholic beverages that usually operates late into the night. A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music and where coloured lights illuminate the dance area. Another distinction is that whereas many pubs and sports bars aim at a mass market, nightclubs typically aim at a niche market of music and dancing enthusiasts and clubgoers. The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests. Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry. Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing as part of a dress code. The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night. Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres.", "Electronic dance music (also known as EDM, dance music, club music, or simply dance) is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals. EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys (DJs) who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, by segueing from one recording to another. EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA. In the United Kingdom and in continental Europe, EDM is more commonly called 'dance music' or simply 'dance'. ", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. In terms of performance, the major categories are live dance music and recorded dance music. While there exist attestations of the combination of dance and music in ancient times (for example Ancient Greek vases sometimes show dancers accompanied by musicians), the earliest Western dance music that we can still reproduce with a degree of certainty are the surviving medieval dances. In the Baroque period, the major dance styles were noble court dances (see Baroque dance). In the classical music era, the minuet was frequently used as a third movement, although in this context it would not accompany any dancing. The waltz also arose later in the classical era. Both remained part of the romantic music period, which also saw the rise of various other nationalistic dance forms like the barcarolle, mazurka, ecossaise, ballade and polonaise.", "A disc jockey (abbreviated DJ, D.J. or deejay) is a person who mixes recorded music as it is playing. Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any sources, including cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files on a CDJ or laptop. DJs typically perform for a live or broadcast audience, but DJs also create mixes that are recorded for later sale and distribution.", "Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production, an electronic musician being a musician who composes and/or performs such music. In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, and the electric guitar. Purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer.", "Chris Fortier is an American DJ and founder of the Balance Record Pool as well as co-founder and owner of Fade Records . Fortier 's DJ - ing covers a range of styles from dark progressive to minimalist techno . He is well known for being a central figure in the development of electronic dance music in the United States as both a DJ and founder of the Balance Record Pool . Chris Fortier grew up in Melbourne , Florida , moving to Orlando , Florida to attend the University of Central Florida . Until he discovered house music , Fortier 's primary hobby was surfing . He began DJ - ing in 1990 in Orlando where he was influenced by other Florida DJs such as Kimball Collins and Dave Cannalte . After performing with DJ Icey , Kimball Collins set Fortier up as resident DJ at the Aahz nightclub . In 1993 , Fortier was introduced to Neil Kolo , who had been producing music for 5 years . They found they had chemistry and became the duo Fade , releasing `` ... For All the People '' on their newly founded label Fade Records in 1994 . In 1996 , Fortier founded the Balance Record Pool , a record pool designed to help North American DJs to spread electronic music . Balance won the International Dance Music Awards for best record pool in 2005 and 2006 . The Balance Record Pool and Jimmy Van M 's DJ booking agency making up Balance Promote Group . In 1998 , when submitting a bootleg remix of Sarah McLachlan 's song `` Plenty '' to her record label , Fortier was offered the chance to remix the Delerium song `` Silence '' featuring McLachlan . Their remix was released on Nettwerk and sold over one million copies . Fade Records began to expand to productions not exclusively by Fortier and Kolo , including helping launch the career of Steve Porter . Fortier helped Porter develop his production abilities and Porter helped introduce Fortier to the mixing software Pro Tools . In 2000 , Fortier began his residency at New York City club Twilo , playing alongside Dave Seaman . After being in contact with EQ / Stomp regarding distribution of their records in the Balance Record Pool , Fortier was given the opportunity to mix the seventh entry in their Balance series . For Balance 007 , Fortier used Ableton Live to mesh songs together , similarly to Sasha ." ]

[ "disc jockey", "electronic musician", "entertainment", "general", "jockey", "major", "sovereign", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Herning is a Danish city in Region Midtjylland, on the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 47,765 (1 January 2014) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 11th most populous urban area in Denmark.", "A board game is a tabletop game that involves counters or moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or \"board\", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance; and some are purely chance, with no element of skill.", "A chessboard is the type of checkerboard used in the classic board game chess, and consists of 64 squares (eight rows and eight columns) and 32 pieces. The squares are arranged in two alternating colors (light and dark). Wooden boards may use naturally light and dark brown woods, while plastic and vinyl boards often use brown or green for the dark squares and shades such as buff or cream for the light squares. Materials vary widely; while wooden boards are generally used in high-level games; vinyl, plastic, and cardboard are common for low-level and informal play. Decorative glass and marble boards are available but rarely accepted for games rated by national or international chess federations. Each square on the board has a name from a1 to h8.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.", "Stavanger is a city and municipality in Norway. The city is the third-largest urban zone and metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county. The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway. Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway, Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125, the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed. Stavanger's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city's cultural heritage. This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses, and has contributed significantly to spreading the city's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger.", "Stavanger Cathedral is Norway's oldest cathedral and the seat of the Bishop of Stavanger who leads the Diocese of Stavanger. It is located in the city of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The church is situated in the centre of the city, in the borough of Storhaug. The church is part of the \"Stavanger domkirke\" parish in the Stavanger arch-deanery in the Diocese of Stavanger.", "Herning Municipality is a municipality (Danish, \"kommune\") in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in western Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 1,322.87 km² and has a population of 86,813 (1 April 2014). Its mayor is Lars Krarup, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party.", "Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 20, 1914 January 2, 2005) was an American chess player, Grandmaster, and chess author. He was U.S. Chess Champion in 1944 and 1946.", "Rogaland is a county in Western Norway, bordering Hordaland, Telemark, Aust-Agder, and Vest-Agder counties. Rogaland is the center of the Norwegian petroleum industry. In 2016, Rogaland had an unemployment rate of 4.9%, one of the highest in Norway. In 2015, Rogaland had a fertility rate of 1.78 children per woman, which is the highest in the country.", "An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment.", "Alexander Fishbein ( born May 8 , 1968 ) is an International Grandmaster of chess . Fishbein learned chess from his father , Gregory , at the age of four . In 1985 , he won the first Arnold Denker Tournament of High School Champions . In the 1990s , Fishbein won tournaments in Stavanger , Norway , and Herning , Denmark and shared first place in several major Opens in the United States , including the World Open and National Open . He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1992 . Although Fishbein has worked in finance since 1993 and traded and invested in mortgage - backed securities since 2005 , he continues to compete in chess tournaments . He played in the U.S. Chess Championship four times in the 2000s ( best result : eighth place in 2006 ) . Since 2012 , he has regularly appeared in Grand Prix tournaments in the Eastern United States and has finished first or equal first several times . Fishbein and his wife , Lana , have three children : Ellen , Samuel , and Mitch ." ]

[ "bishop", "chess player", "game", "grandmaster", "mayor", "official", "sovereign", "unemployment", "urban planning" ]

[ "Stuttgart ( Swabian: \"Schduagert\"), often nicknamed the \"\"Schwabenmetropole\"\" in reference to its location in the center of Swabia and the local dialect spoken by some natives, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley locally known as the \"Stuttgarter Kessel\" an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest. Stuttgart's name comes from the Old High German word \"\"Stuogarten\",\" or \"stud farm\" a reference to the city's founding in 950 AD as a stud farm. Stuttgarts urban area has a population of 623,738, and a further making it the sixth largest city in Germany, 2.7 million people live in the citys administrative region, and another 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany.", "Unterspreewald is an Amt ( `` municipal federation '' ) in the district of Dahme - Spreewald , in Brandenburg , Germany . Its seat is in the town Golßen . The Amt Unterspreewald consists of the following municipalities : Bersteland Drahnsdorf Golßen Kasel - Golzig Krausnick - Groß Wasserburg Rietzneuendorf - Staakow Schlepzig Schönwald Steinreich Unterspreewald", "Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: \"Düsseldörp\" ) is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. The city is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies. Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows.", "Brandenburg (Lower Sorbian: \"Bramborska\") is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany. It lies in the northeast of the country covering an area of 29,478 square kilometers and has 2.48 million inhabitants. The capital and largest city is Potsdam. Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state Berlin forming a metropolitan area.", "Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people.", "Dahme-Spreewald is a district in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Oder-Spree, Spree-Neiße, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Elbe-Elster and Teltow-Fläming, and by the city of Berlin.", "Hamburg (local pronunciation ; Low German/Low Saxon: \"Hamborg\" ), officially \"Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg\" (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is the second smallest German state by area. Its population is over 1.7 million people, and the wider Hamburg Metropolitan Region covers more than 5.1 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Elbe.", "Frankfurt am Main is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 731,095 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3 million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.8 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates.", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.", "The Spreewald (German for \"Spree Woods\"; in Lower Sorbian: \"Bota\") is a picturesque section of the German state of Brandenburg located about 100 km south-east of Berlin. Spreewald was designated a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1991. It is known for its traditional irrigation system, consisting of more than 200 small canals (called \"Fließe\"; total length: 1,300 km ) within the area. The landscape was shaped during the ice-age. Alder forests on wetlands and pine forests on sandy dry areas are characteristic for the region. Grasslands and fields can be found as well." ]

[ "1", "100", "16", "19", "1999", "2", "2002", "2013", "2015", "29", "300", "337", "5", "500", "8", "950" ]

[ "Jainal Antel Sali , Jr. ( June 1 , 1964 - January 16 , 2007 ) was the leader of Abu Sayyaf , an Islamist terrorist organization affiliated with Al Qaeda . Born in Zamboanga City , Mindanao , in Philippines , Sali was also known as The Engineer , and by other aliases ; `` Abu Solaiman , Abu Solajman , Abu Sulaiman , Abu Sulayman , and Jainal Antal Sali , Jr. '' He spoke Tausug , Tagalog , Arabic , and English . Sali was indicted in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia , for his alleged involvement in terrorist acts , including hostage kidnapping and murder , against United States nationals and other foreign nationals in and around the Republic of the Philippines . For that indictment , on February 24 , 2006 Jainal Antel Sali , Jr. was among six fugitives in the second and most recent group of indicted fugitives to be added to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list along with two fellow members of Abu Sayyaf . The United States government Rewards For Justice Program , United States Department of State offered a 5 million United States dollar ( 250,000,000 Philippine pesos ) reward for Sali 's capture , prior to his death .", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Basilan (Zamboangueño: \"Provincia de Basilan\") is an island province of the Philippines within the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (\"ARMM\"). Basilan Island is the largest and northernmost of the major islands of the Sulu Archipelago. It is located just off the southern coast of the geographic Zamboanga Peninsula. Its capital, Isabela City, is a component city of Basilan, but is administered as part of the Zamboanga Peninsula Region.", "Arabic (' or ' ) is a Central Semitic language that was first spoken in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the \"lingua franca\" of the Arab world. Arabic also is a liturgical language of 1.7 billion Muslims. It is one of six official languages of the United Nations. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, and from northwestern Arabia to the Sinai in the south.", "Abu Sayyaf ( ', ASG) is a Jihadist terror group based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines, where for more than four decades, Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency for an independent province in the country. The group is considered violent, and was responsible for the Philippines' worst terrorist attack, the bombing of Superferry 14 in 2004, which killed 116 people.\nThe name of the group is derived from the Arabic \"abu\" (\"father of\"), and \"sayyaf\" (\"swordsmith\"). As of 2012, the group was estimated to have between 200 and 400 members, down from 1,250 in 2000. They use mostly improvised explosive devices, mortars, and automatic rifles.", "Jolo (Tausg: \"Sg\", Filipino: \"Holo\") is a volcanic island in the southwest Philippines and is the primary island of the province of Sulu wherein its capital of the same name is situated. It is located in the Sulu Archipelago, between Borneo and Mindanao, and has a population of approximately 300,000 people." ]

[ "borneo", "central", "china", "indonesia", "jolo", "mesopotamia", "mindanao", "most", "philippines", "quezon", "south china sea", "taiwan", "vietnam" ]

[ "Novosibirsk is the third-most populous city in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg. It is the most populous city in Asian Russia, with a population of 1,473,754 as of the 2010 Census. It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of the Siberian Federal District. The city is located in the southwestern part of Siberia on the banks of the Ob River adjacent to the Ob River Valley, near the large water reservoir formed by the dam of the Novosibirsk Hydro Power Plant, and occupies an area of .", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.", "Kamyshinsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kamyshinsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Kamyshin (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 45,019 (2002 Census); ", "Nizhny Novgorod, colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District in Russia. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky, after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there. The city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historical part of the city there are a large number of universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km east of Moscow, where the Oka empties into the Volga. Population: ", "Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.", "An oblast is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Ukraine, and the now-defunct Soviet Union and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The term is analogous to \"state\" or \"province\".", "A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.", "Petrov Val ( Russian : ) is a town in Kamyshinsky District of Volgograd Oblast , Russia , located on the left bank of the Ilovlya River ( a tributary of the Don ) , 185 kilometers ( 115 mi ) north of Volgograd , the administrative center of the oblast . Population : 13,239 ( 2010 Census ) ; 14,721 ( 2002 Census ) ; 13,752 ( 1989 Census ) .", "Yekaterinburg, alternatively romanised as \"Ekaterinburg\", is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the border of Europe and Asia. At the 2010 Census, it had a population of 1,349,772.", "Kamyshin is a city in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volgograd Reservoir of the Volga River, in the estuary of the Kamyshinka River. Population: 101,000 (1972); 24,000 (1939).", "Kazakhstan ( \"Qazaqstan\", \"Kazakhstan\"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (\"Qazaqstan Respwblïkas\" \"Respublika Kazakhstan\"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.", "\"Main Stem\" is 1942 instrumental by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra. Although recorded in 1942, the single would not be released until 1944 where it was Duke Ellington's last of four number one's on the Harlem Hit Parade. \"Main Stem\" also peaked at number twenty on the pop chart.", "The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR \" ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.", "Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.", "Volgograd, formerly Tsaritsyn, 15891925, and Stalingrad, 19251961, is an important industrial city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is long, north to south and is situated on the western bank of the Volga River, after which the city was named. Population: ", "A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.", "Russia is not proportionately populated between the smaller western portion (almost 25%) of the country that is considered part of Europe, and the larger eastern portion (more than 75%) that is part of Asia. European Russia contains about 77% of the country's population (110,000,000 people out of about 144,000,000) in an area comprising almost 4 million km (1.54 million mi); an average of 27.5 persons per km (70 per mi). This territory makes up 38% of Europe. Its eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the south, it is defined by the border with Kazakhstan. This area includes Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the two largest cities in Russia.", "Volgograd Oblast (\"Volgogradskaya oblast\") is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is Volgograd. The population was 2,610,161 in the 2010 Census." ]

[ "1", "101", "12", "140", "1589", "161", "1713", "1732", "1914", "1922", "1924", "1925", "1932", "1937", "1942", "1990", "1991", "2", "2002", "2010", "2012", "2014", "2016", "24", "25", "400", "60", "8" ]

[ "The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Arctic Archipelago, is a group of islands north of the Canadian mainland.", "The Arctic (or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.", "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island.", "Traill Island is a large island in eastern Greenland. It is named after zoologist Thomas Stewart Traill. The island is a part of the Northeast Greenland National Park.\nGeography.\nTraill Island is a coastal island located in the desolate region of Eastern Greenland on the northern side of King Oscar Fjord. Geographical Society Island lies to the north, separated by a narrow sound.", "The Danish Realm is a realm comprising Denmark proper, The Faroe Islands and Greenland. ", "King Oscar Fjord is a fjord in East Greenland, marking the northern border of the Scoresby Land Peninsula. ", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "The Republic of Iceland, \"Lýðveldið Ísland\" in Icelandic, is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.", "Ella Island, or Ella Ø, is an island in eastern Greenland, within Northeast Greenland National Park. \nGeography.\nElla Island is located at the mouth of Kempe Fjord in the northern end of King Oscar Fjord. To the east lie larger Traill Island and Geographical Society Island. The island has an area of 143.6 km ² and a shoreline of 59.6 kilometres.", "Inuit (pronounced or ; Inuktitut: , \"the people\") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska. Inuit is a plural noun; the singular is Inuk. The oral Inuit languages are classified in the Eskimo-Aleut family. Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate spoken in Nunavut.", "Ymer Island is an island in northeastern Greenland. The island is a part of Northeast Greenland National Park.", "Northeast Greenland National Park is the world's largest and most northerly national park. It is the largest protected land area in the world.", "Geographical Society Island ( Danish : Geografisk Samfund Ø ) is an island in northeastern Greenland with area 1,717 km² . To the north lies Ymer Island , and to the south lies Traill Ø . In the west , over Kong Oscar Fjord lies Ella Island . It is mountainous with Svedenborg Fjeld as the highest point at 1,730 m." ]

[ "alaska", "antarctica", "canada", "denmark", "earth", "east", "europe", "faroe islands", "finland", "greenland", "jämtland", "king", "mainland", "most", "north america", "northeast greenland national park", "northern", "norway", "of", "oral", "queen maud land", "shetland", "south", "southwest", "sweden", "vega", "west" ]

[ "Auckland is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the most populous urban area in the country. Auckland has a population of , which constitutes percent of New Zealand's population. It is part of the wider Auckland Regionthe area governed by the Auckland Councilwhich also includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, resulting in a total population of . Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. The Mori language name for Auckland is or , meaning \"Tmaki with a hundred lovers\", in reference to the desirability of its fertile land at the hub of waterways in all directions. It has also been called karana, the Mori enunciation of \"Auckland\".", "Mah Sentai Magiranger ( Mah Sentai Majirenj , ) , is Toei Company 's twenty - ninth production of the Super Sentai television series . The action footage was used in Power Rangers Mystic Force and both shows had scenes simultaneously shot in New Zealand . The main themes of this series are courage and love of family . This series was dubbed into Korean under the Power Rangers Magic Force title . The catchphrases of the series are `` Magic , it 's a sacred power ! Magic , it 's an adventure to the unknown ! Magic , and it 's a proof of courage ! '' ( ! ! ! Mah , sore wa seinaru chikara ! Mah , sore wa michi e no bken ! Mah , soshite sore wa yki no akashi ! ) and `` Divine ! Adventurous ! Courageous ! It 's just MAGIC '' .", "Story.\nThe series takes place in a world plagued by Shocker, a mysterious world-wide terrorist organization. To further its plans for world domination, Shocker recruited its agents through kidnapping, turning their victims into mutant cyborgs and, ultimately, brainwashing them. However, one victim named Takeshi Hongo escaped just before the final brainwashing. With his sanity and moral conscience intact, Hongo battled Shocker's minions as the grasshopper-themed superhero Kamen Rider. Another victim of the altered human process, freelance photographer Hayato Ichimonji, became Kamen Rider 2 after Kamen Rider, who renamed himself as \"Kamen Rider 1\", saved him from Shocker's brainwashing. Assisted by motorcycle race team manager Tobei Tachibana and FBI agent Kazuya Taki, the Kamen Riders fought in both solo and partnered missions against Shocker and its successor organization, Gel-Shocker.", "History.\nStarting in the late 1960s, the hour was originally meant for educational children's programs. Over the years the hour began including \"henshin\" (transforming) hero programs, one of the first being .", "\"Tokusatsu\" entertainment often deals with science fiction, fantasy or horror, but movies and television shows in other genres can sometimes count as \"tokusatsu\" as well. The most popular types of \"tokusatsu\" include \"kaiju\" monster movies like the \"Godzilla\" and \"Gamera\" film series; superhero TV serials such as the \"Kamen Rider\" and \"Metal Hero\"; and mecha series like \"Giant Robo\". Some \"tokusatsu\" television programs combine several of these subgenres, for example the \"Ultraman\" and \"Super Sentai\" series.", "The is the name given to the long-running Japanese superhero team franchise of TV series produced by Toei Co., Ltd., Toei Agency and Bandai, and aired by TV Asahi (\"\"Sentai\"\" is the Japanese word for \"task force\" or \"fighting squadron\"). The shows are of the tokusatsu genre, featuring live action characters and colorful special effects, and are aimed at children. The Super Sentai Series is one of the most prominent tokusatsu franchises in Japan, alongside the Ultra Series and the Kamen Rider Series, which it currently airs alongside in the \"Super Hero Time\" programming block on Sundays. Outside Japan, the Super Sentai Series is best known as the source material for the \"Power Rangers\" franchise.", "Wellington is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand, with residents. It is at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa. As the nation's capital city, the New Zealand Government and Parliament, Supreme Court and most of the civil service are based in the city.", "The is the collective name for all the shows produced by Tsuburaya Productions featuring Ultraman, his many brethren, and the myriad Ultra Monsters. The Ultra Series is one of the prominent tokusatsu superhero genre productions from Japan, along with Toei produced series Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, and the Metal Heroes. The Ultra franchise is also one of the most well known examples of the \"daikaiju\" (, \"huge monster\") genre, which also includes Toho's \"Godzilla\" series, and Daiei Film's Gamera series. However, the Ultra Series also falls into the \"kyodai hro\" (, \"Giant Hero\") subgenre of Tokusatsu shows.", "The North Island or Te Ika-a-Mui (\"Mori\") is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of ", "New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.", "Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live action superhero television series. Produced first by Saban Entertainment, later by BVS Entertainment, and by SCG Power Rangers, the television series takes much of its footage from the Japanese tokusatsu \"Super Sentai\", produced by Toei Company. The first \"Power Rangers\" entry, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line of action figures and other toys by Bandai. As of 2010, the media franchise has generated over $5 billion in retail sales worldwide." ]

[ "city", "fox kids", "history", "one", "science", "tv asahi" ]

[ "Time Warner, Inc. (also known as AOL Time Warner from 2001-2003; stylized as TimeWarner) is an American multinational media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is currently the world's third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast and The Walt Disney Company. It was also once the world's largest media conglomerate. Time Warner was first founded in 1990 with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications. The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications (as well as HBO, a Time Inc. subsidiary prior to the merger), and the assets of Turner Broadcasting (which was acquired by the company in 1996). Time Warner currently has major operations in film and television, with a limited amount in publishing operations. Among its most popular assets are HBO, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television Network, Warner Bros., CNN, DC Comics, and as of August 2016, Hulu, owning 10%. In the past, other major divisions of Time Warner included Time Inc., AOL, Time Warner Cable, Warner Books and Warner Music Group. All of these operations were either sold to other investors or spun off as independent companies from 2004 to 2014.", "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character; created in 1940 by Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons) and voiced originally by the legendary vocal artist, Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Merrie Melodies\" series of animated short films, produced by Warner Bros. during the golden age of American animation. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, as well as the official mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment.", "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Bunny is a Warner Bros. cartoon starring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd , with cameo appearances by Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner . The cartoon was part of the television special Bugs Bunny 's Bustin ' Out All Over , which aired May 21 , 1980 . Portrait of the Artist as a Young Bunny is one of four Bugs Bunny cartoons produced during 1979 - 1980 , the first new shorts since 1964 's False Hare .", "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (known professionally as Warner Bros. Pictures, often referred to as Warner Bros. and Warner Brothers and abbreviated as WB) is an American entertainment company, film studio and film distributor that is a division of Time Warner and is headquartered in Burbank, California. It is one of the \"Big Six\" major American film studios.", "Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation. One of the most successful animation studios in American media history, Warner Bros. Cartoons was primarily responsible for the \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Merrie Melodies\" theatrical cartoon short subjects. The characters featured in these cartoons, including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Speedy Gonzales, Sylvester and Tweety, Wile E. Coyote and The Road Runner, are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world. Many of the creative staff members at the studio, including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, Robert McKimson, Tex Avery, Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin, are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation." ]

[ "chuck jones", "friz freleng", "walt disney" ]

[ "The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China, and forces loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC). The war began in August 1927, with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's Northern Expedition, and essentially ended when major hostilities ceased in 1950. It can generally be divided into two stages; the first being from 1927 to 1937, and the second being from 1946 to 1950 with the Second Sino-Japanese War separating them. The war was a major turning point in modern Chinese history, with the CPC gaining control of almost the entirety of Mainland China, establishing the People's Republic of China (PRC) to replace the KMT's Republic of China (ROC). It also caused a lasting political and military standoff between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, with the ROC in Taiwan and the PRC in mainland China both officially claiming to be the legitimate government of all of China.", "The Yangtze River Delta, Yangtze Delta or YRD, also called Yangzi Jiang Delta, Changjiang Delta, River Chang Delta, Lake Tai Region or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze, generally comprises the triangle-shaped territory of Wu-speaking Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province of China. The area lies at the heart of the region traditionally called Jiangnan (literally, \"south of the Yangtze River\"). The Yangtze River drains into the East China Sea. The urban build-up in the area has given rise to what may be the largest concentration of adjacent metropolitan areas in the world. It covers an area of and is home to over 115 million people as of 2013, of which an estimated 83 million is urban. If based on the greater Yangtze River Delta zone, it has over 140 million people in this region. Having a fertile soil, the Yangtze River Delta abundantly produces grain, cotton, hemp and tea.", "Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China, consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , separated from Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula by the Qiongzhou Strait, is the largest island under PRC control (Taiwan, which is slightly larger, is also claimed but not controlled by the PRC) and makes up the majority of the province. The province has an area of , with Hainan Island making up (97%) and the rest divided among two hundred islands scattered across three archipelagos. It was administered as part of Guangdong until 1988, when it became a separate province; around the same time, it was made the largest Special Economic Zone established by Deng Xiaoping as part of the Opening Up of China. There are a total of ten major cities and ten counties in Hainan Province. Haikou on the northern coast of Hainan Island is the capital while Sanya is a well-known tourist destination on the southern coast. The other major cities are Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, Wuzhishan, Dongfang, and Danzhou.", "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955. It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. It was originally the only attraction on the property; its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s.", "Jiangsu, formerly romanized as Kiangsu, is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China, one of the leading provinces in manufacturing electronics and apparel items, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.", "The Shanghai Disney Resort is an under - construction theme resort by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts , planned to open on 16 June 2016 . It is the first Disney park in mainland China and the second in Greater China , after Hong Kong Disneyland . Phase 1 of the resort will feature a Disneyland - style park , Shanghai Disneyland , an entertainment district , two themed hotels , recreational facilities , a lake and associated parking and transportation hubs . Additional phases will see the development of two additional theme parks at the resort . The site will cover 963 acres ( 390 ha ) in Pudong , or approximately 3 times the size of Hong Kong Disneyland , at a cost of CN ¥ 24.5 billion ( US $ 3.7 billion ) for the new theme park and an additional CN ¥ 4.5 billion ( US $ 0.7 billion ) to build other aspects of the resort , totaling CN ¥ 34 billion ( US $ 5.5 billion ) . 43 % of the resort is owned by Walt Disney and the remaining 57 % by Shanghai Shendi Group , a joint venture of three companies owned by the Shanghai government . The resort was approved by the Chinese government on November 4 , 2009 .", "A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that endeavors to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping, on the premises. The term \"resort\" may be used for a hotel property that provides an array of amenities, typically including entertainment and recreational activities. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort, such as the Grand Hotel at Mackinac Island, Michigan. Some resorts are also timeshare or fractionally owned, or wholly owned condominium complexes. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, although in the late twentieth century this sort of facility became more common.", "Anaheim (pronounced ) is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th most populous city in California. Anaheim is the second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area (after Irvine) and is known for its theme parks, sports teams, and convention center.", "Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau; however, it usually includes Hainan. The term \"mainland China\", which avoids calling the area simply \"China\" and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as \"the\" \"China\", was coined by the Kuomintang (KMT) after receiving control of Taiwan from Japan after World War II. By 1949, the KMT-led Republic of China (ROC) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of Taiwan where the KMT pledged to \"retake the Mainland\". The KMT considers both sides of the Taiwan Strait (including Taiwan), as (one) \"China\" and one country, whereas Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) considers only mainland China as \"China\" and Taiwan (ROC) as \"Taiwan\" and maintains that they are different countries.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Shanghai (\": Zånhae\" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.", "The Taiwan Strait, or Formosa Strait, is a wide strait separating the island of Taiwan (of the Republic of China) from mainland China (People's Republic of China). The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is wide.", "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of \"total war\", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.", "The Disneyland Resort, commonly known as Disneyland, is an entertainment resort in Anaheim, California. It is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks and Resorts division and is home to two theme parks (Disneyland Park and Disney California Adventure), three hotels, and a shopping, dining, and entertainment complex known as Downtown Disney.", "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. The East China Sea is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of roughly . To the east lies the Japanese islands of Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands, to the south lies the South China Sea, and to the west by the Asian continent. The sea connects with the Sea of Japan through the Korea Strait and opens to the north into the Yellow Sea. The sovereign states which border the sea include South Korea, Japan, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China.", "East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.", "The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is a liberal political party in Republic of China (Taiwan), and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. It is currently the majority ruling party, controlling both the presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan.", "A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a fridge and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flatscreen television and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, business centre (with computers, printers and other office equipment), childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests within certain stated hours. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities." ]

[ "disneyland resort", "orange county", "southern", "taiwan", "the walt disney company", "united kingdom", "world war ii" ]

[ "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "Ahmedabad (also known as Amdavad ) is the largest city and former capital of Gujarat, which is a state in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. With a population of more than 6.3 million and an extended population of 7.8 million, it is the sixth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River, from the state capital Gandhinagar, which is its twin city.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.", "The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world by area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest freshwater lake by volume and depth. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either Lake Baikal or the North American Great Lakes, and constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water.", "Chennai ; formerly known as Madras or ) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is one of the biggest cultural, economic and educational centres in South India. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-largest city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world. Chennai is among the most visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed \"India's health capital\". As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems.", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo , also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, East Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named, and is sometimes still called Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 80 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world.", "Ethiopia ('), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia\"' ( , \"yetiyoya Fdralaw Dmokirasyaw Rpebilk\" ), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With nearly 100 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world, as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria. It occupies a total area of , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (\"Çumhuriji Toçikiston\"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.", "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is and its maximum depth is . The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.", "A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.", "The Fabaceae, Leguminosae or Papilionaceae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants, which are easily recognized by their fruit (legume) and their compound, stipulated leaves. The family is widely distributed, and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with about 751 genera and some 19,000 known species\n. The five largest of the genera are \"Astragalus\" (over 3,000 species), \"Acacia\" (over 1000 species), \"Indigofera\" (around 700 species), \"Crotalaria\" (around 700 species) and \"Mimosa\" (around 500 species), which constitute about a quarter of all legume species. The ca. 19,000 known legume species amount to about 7% of flowering plant species. Fabaceae is the most common family found in tropical rainforests and in dry forests in the Americas and Africa.", "Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.", "Dhaka ( , or ) is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the world's most populated cities, with a population of 17 million people in the Greater Dhaka Area. It is also 3rd densely populated city in the world. Located in an eponymous district and division, it lies along the east bank of the Buriganga River in the heart of the Bengal delta. The city is a microcosm of the entire country, with diverse religious and ethnic communities. Dhaka is the economic, cultural and political centre of Bangladesh. Its name was romanised as Dacca until the current spelling was adopted in 1983. It is the largest city in the Bengal region. It is also a major city of South Asia and among the OIC states.", "Djibouti (; ', , ), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of just .", "Bengal (bgl; Bengali: , and ) is a region in Asia which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Geographically, it is made up by the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest such formation in the world; along with mountains in its north (bordering the Himalayan states) and east (bordering Northeast India and Burma).", "Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs, lianas and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australia, with the first species \"A. nilotica\" described by Linnaeus. Controversy erupted in the early 2000s when it became evident that the genus as it stood was not monophyletic, and that several divergent lineages needed to be placed in separate genera. It turned out that one lineage comprising over 900 species mainly native to Australia was not closely related to the mainly African lineage that contained \"A. nilotica\"the first and type species. This meant that the Australian lineage (by far the most prolific in number of species) would need to be renamed. Botanist Les Pedley named this group Racosperma, which was inconsistently adopted. Australian botanists proposed that this would be more disruptive than setting a different type species (\"A. penninervis\") and allowing this large number of species to remain \"Acacia\", resulting in the African lineage being renamed to \"Vachellia\". This was officially adopted, but many botanists from Africa and elsewhere disagreed that this was necessary.", "Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.", "Uganda (or ), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "Libya (\"\") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.", "The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ('; ', ; \"\") is a peninsula in Egypt, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people. The bulk of the peninsula is divided administratively into two of Egypt's 27 governorates (with three more straddling the Suez Canal area).", "Chittagong (, Chatga) is a major coastal seaport city and financial centre in southeastern Bangladesh. The city has a population of more than 2.5 million while the metropolitan area has a population of over 6.5 million, making it the second largest city in the country. It is the capital of an eponymous district and division. The city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. Much of Chittagong Division is located within the ecological Indo-Burma zone on the boundary of the India Plate and Burma Plate. This makes Chittagong the crossroads of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The port city has been known by various names in history, including Chatigaon, Chatigam, Chattagrama, Islamabad, Chattala, Chaityabhumi and Porto Grande De Bengala.", "Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the \"de facto\" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.", "Bangladesh ( , \"The country of Bengal\"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( \"Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh\"), is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong which has the country's largest port.", "The Maldives (, or ), officially the Republic of Maldives (\"\"), is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of India and Sri Lanka. The chain of twenty-six atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly , the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with a little over 393,500 inhabitants. Malé is the capital and most populated city, traditionally called the \"King's Island\" for its central location.", "Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from \"Acacia nilotica\" which was called the \"Gum arabic tree\"; in the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely \"Acacia senegal\" and \"Vachellia (Acacia) seyal\". Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somaliathough it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, in the south-central part of Zambia. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest, the core economic hubs of the country.", "A land bridge, in biogeography, is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonise new lands. A land bridge can be created by marine regression, in which sea levels fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of continental shelf; or when new land is created by plate tectonics; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post-glacial rebound after an ice age.", "A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest. Lianas are characteristic of tropical moist deciduous forests (especially seasonal forests), but may be found in temperate rainforests. There are also temperate lianas, for example the members of the \"Clematis\" or \"Vitis\" (wild grape) genera. Lianas can form bridges amidst the forest canopy, providing arboreal animals with paths across the forest. These bridges can protect weaker trees from strong winds. Lianas compete with forest trees for sunlight, water and nutrients from the soil.", "Vachellia nilotica (widely known by the taxonomic synonym Acacia nilotica, or the common names gum arabic tree, Babul/Kikar, Egyptian thorn, Sant tree, Al-sant or prickly acacia; called thorn mimosa or prickly acacia in Australia; lekkerruikpeul or scented thorn in South Africa; karuvela maram in South India) is a species of \"Vachellia\" native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. It is also currently an invasive species of significant concern in Australia.", "Malawi (or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Malawi is over with an estimated population of 16,777,547 (July 2013 est.). Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"The Warm Heart of Africa\".", "Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language. ", "Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 20.7 million . Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, or Central Asia. Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. ", "Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus \"Acacia\" until 2005. \"Vachellia\" can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules.", "Delhi (Dilli) , officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. It is the most expansive city in Indiaabout . It has a population of about 25 million, making it the second most populous city after Mumbai and most populous urban agglomeration in India and 3 largest urban area in the world. Urban expansion in Delhi has caused it to grow beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states. At its largest extent, there is a population of about 25 million residents . According to data released by Oxford Economics, Delhi NCR urban agglomeration has replaced Mumbai Metropolitan Region urban agglomeration as the economic capital of India. However the comparison of the figures specific to the Metropolis of Delhi and Metropolis of Mumbai was not provided by this institution. These figures however did not match with those revealed by the reserve bank of India, The economic survey of India, The economic survey of Delhi and Maharashtra.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "The Horn of Africa (, \"yäafrika qänd\", \"al-qarn al-'afrq\") (shortened to HOA) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.", "Kolkata (, also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. In 2011, the city had population of 4.5 million, while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2008 its gross domestic product (adjusted for purchasing power parity) was estimated to be 104 billion, which was the third highest among Indian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi.", "Egypt (; ', , \"Kimi\"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.", "Vachellia nilotica subsp . indica is a perennial tree native to Bangladesh , India , Myanmar , Nepal and Pakistan . It is also cultivated in Angola , Egypt , Ethiopia , and Tanzania . Common names for it include Babul , Kikar and Prickly Acacia . Its uses include chemical products , environmental management , fiber , food and drink , forage , medicine and wood .", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. About one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 miles), forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).", "Eritrea (or ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym \"Eritrea\" is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.", "Angola , officially the Republic of Angola (; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Umbundu: \"Repubilika ya Ngola\"), is a country in Southern Africa. It is the seventh-largest country in Africa and is bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north and east, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to west. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda.", "Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza\"', is a small self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border. Gaza, together with the West Bank, comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "Thailand (or ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.\nThe term \"southern Africa\" or \"Southern Africa\", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power.", "Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized." ]

[ "acacia", "acacia nilotica", "area", "areas", "clematis", "delta", "fabaceae", "gaza", "mimosa", "mimosoideae", "namibia", "pea", "vachellia", "victoria", "vitis" ]

[ "KTBG ( 90.9 FM ) is a listener supported radio station in Kansas City , Missouri . The station is currently owned by Public Television 19 , Inc. , the holding company for the area 's PBS member television station , KCPT . Known as `` The Bridge , '' it airs an adult album alternative format . The sale of KTBG to PT19 was announced in April 2013 , and after FCC approval , the actual transfer occurred Tuesday , December 17 , 2013 immediately after KTBG 's 7pm broadcast of `` All Things Considered . '' News Release , December 18 , 2013 The station 's programming can also be heard on a low - powered translator on 104.9 FM in Osage Beach .", "Missouri (see pronunciations) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state and host to the mean center of United States population. The largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River. The state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, and now the deep soils yield great agricultural productivity. In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel.", "Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had an estimated population of 475,378 in 2015, making it the 36th largest city by population in the United States. It is the anchor city of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which straddles the KansasMissouri border. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west. On June 1, 1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon thereafter.", "KCPT, virtual channel 19 (UHF digital channel 18), is a PBS member television station serving Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas, United States. The station is owned by Public Television 19, Inc.. KCPT maintains studio facilities (which are shared with sister adult album alternative radio station KTBG (90.9 FM)) located on East 31st Street in Kansas City, Missouri's Union Hill section (adjacent to the transmitter tower of CBS affiliate KCTV (channel 5)), and its transmitter is located near 23rd Street and Stark Avenue in Kansas City, Missouri's Blue Valley section.", "A television station is a business, organisation or other enterprise, such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that transmits (broadcasts) content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Broadcast television systems standards are set by the government, and these vary around the world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel, but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. The term \"television station\" is normally applied to terrestrial television stations, and not to cable television or satellite television broadcasting.", "Kansas is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively \"\") is often said to mean \"people of the wind\" or \"people of the south wind\", although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.", "CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).", "The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of about 2,340,000, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri (after Greater St. Louis). Alongside Kansas City, the area includes a number of other cities and suburbs, the largest being Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; Olathe, Kansas, and Independence, Missouri; all over 100,000 in population.The Mid-America Regional Council (MARC) serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area.", "KCTV, virtual channel 5 (UHF digital channel 24), is a CBS-affiliated television station serving Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Local Media subsidiary of the Meredith Corporation, as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate KSMO-TV (channel 62). The two stations share studio facilities located on Shawnee Mission Parkway (U.S. 56/U.S. 169) in Fairway, Kansas; KCTV maintains transmitter facilities located on East 31st Street in the Union Hill section of Kansas City, Missouri (adjacent to the studios of PBS member station KCPT (channel 19)). On cable, the station is available on Time Warner Cable, Comcast and SureWest channel 3, and Google Fiber and AT&T U-verse channel 5.", "KTBG (90.9 FM) is a listener supported radio station in Warrensburg, Missouri; serving the Kansas City, Missouri market. The station is currently owned by Public Television 19, Inc., the holding company for the area's PBS member television station, KCPT. Known as \"The Bridge,\" it airs an adult album alternative format. The sale of KTBG to PT19 was announced in April 2013, and after FCC approval, the actual transfer occurred Tuesday, December 17, 2013 immediately after KTBGs 7pm broadcast of All Things Considered." ]

[ "columbia", "enterprise", "highland", "jefferson city", "kansas city", "los angeles", "media", "meredith", "topeka", "warrensburg", "wichita", "york" ]

[ "An atoll (, , , or ), sometimes called a coral atoll, is a ring-shaped coral reef including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands/cays on the rim.", "The Three Brothers are a group of three small coral islands 20 km East of Eagle Islands along the central western rim of the Great Chagos Bank , which is the world 's largest coral atoll structure , located in the Chagos Archipelago .", "Eagle Islands is a group of two islands in the Chagos Archipelago. They are located on the central-western rim of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure.\nIslands.\nWith a land area of 2.45 km², Île Aigle is the largest single island of the Great Chagos Bank, and after Diego Garcia the second largest of the Chagos Archipelago. ", "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as \"Ratnkara\", \"\"the mine of gems\"\" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as \"Hind Mahsgar\", \"\"the great Indian sea\"\", in Hindi.", "An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.", "Diego Garcia is an atoll just south of the equator in the central Indian Ocean, and the largest of 60 small islands comprising the Chagos Archipelago. It was settled by the French in the 1790s and was transferred to British rule after the Napoleonic Wars. It was one of the \"Dependencies\" of the British Colony of Mauritius until it was detached for inclusion in the newly created British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) in 1965. Between 1968 and 1973, the population was forcibly removed by the United Kingdom through intimidation of locals and denying the return of any who left the island. Many were deported to Mauritius and Seychelles, following which the United States built a large naval and military base on Diego Garcia, which has been in continuous operation ever since. , Diego Garcia is the only inhabited island of the BIOT; the population is composed of military personnel and supporting contractors.", "The Great Chagos Bank, in the Chagos Archipelago, about south of the Maldives, is the largest atoll structure in the world, with a total area of . The atoll is administered by the United Kingdom through the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).", "The Chagos Archipelago (or ) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas, and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands in the Indian Ocean about south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands is the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, a long submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean. ", "A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs. Lagoons are commonly divided into coastal lagoons and atoll lagoons. They have also been identified as occurring on mixed-sand and gravel coastlines. There is an overlap between bodies of water classified as coastal lagoons and bodies of water classified as estuaries. Lagoons are common coastal features around many parts of the world.", "A cay (or ), also spelled caye or key, is a small, low-elevation, sandy island on the surface of a coral reef. Cays occur in tropical environments throughout the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans (including in the Caribbean and on the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef).", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "The Maldives (, or ), officially the Republic of Maldives (\"\"), is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of India and Sri Lanka. The chain of twenty-six atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly , the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with a little over 393,500 inhabitants. Malé is the capital and most populated city, traditionally called the \"King's Island\" for its central location." ]

[ "belize", "british indian ocean territory", "european union", "india", "ireland", "kingdom of great britain", "maldives", "mauritius", "northern ireland", "philippines", "seychelles", "sri lanka", "united kingdom", "world" ]

[ "Cedric Antonio Kyles (born April 24, 1964), better known by his screen name Cedric the Entertainer, is an American actor, comedian, director, and game show host. He was originally the host on \"It's Showtime at the Apollo\". He also hosted BET's \"ComicView\" during the 1993-1994 season and \"Def Comedy Jam\" in 1995. He is best known for co-starring with Steve Harvey on The WB sitcom \"The Steve Harvey Show\" and starring as Eddie in \"Barbershop\". He hosted the twelfth season of daytime version of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" in the 2013-2014 television season. He also starred in the TV Land original series \"The Soul Man\", which aired its fifth and final season in 2016.", "Shelton Jackson \"Spike\" Lee (born March 20, 1957) is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His production company, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, has produced over 35 films since 1983.", "Richard Anthony \"Cheech\" Marin (born July 13, 1946) is an American comedian, actor, writer, voice actor and activist who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong, and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez, on \"Nash Bridges\". He has also voiced characters in several Disney productions, including \"Oliver & Company\", \"The Lion King\", \"It's Tough to Be a Bug!\", \"Cars\", \"Cars 2\" and \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\".", "The Original Latin Kings of Comedy is a 2002 stand - up comedy film directed by Jeb Brien , and the sequel to The Original Kings of Comedy . The film features the stand up routines of George Lopez , Cheech Marin , Joey Medina , Alex Reymundo , and Paul Rodríguez . Nayib Estéfan deejayed . The primary subject of jokes is the Mexican way of living , both in the US as well as in Mexico . This includes some oddities like the fact that Mexican people never teach their children of subjects like sex and that they encourage their children to continue with any wrong action they try to fail so `` they can learn '' .", "Cars 2 is a 2011 American computer-animated action comedy spy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is the sequel to the 2006 film \"Cars\" and features the voices of Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard. In the film, race car Lightning McQueen and tow truck Mater head to Japan and Europe to compete in the World Grand Prix, but Mater becomes sidetracked with international espionage. The film is directed by John Lasseter, co-directed by Brad Lewis, written by Ben Queen, and produced by Denise Ream.", "Beverly Hills Chihuahua is a 2008 American family comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, the first in the \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" series. It is directed by Raja Gosnell and was released on October 3, 2008. The films stars Piper Perabo, Jamie Lee Curtis and Manolo Cardona as the human leads and Drew Barrymore, George Lopez and Andy Garcia in voice-over roles. The plot centers on a Chihuahua, Chloe, who gets dognapped in Mexico and has to escape from an evil Doberman, El Diablo, with a help from a lonely German Shepherd, Delgado and a hyperactive male Chihuahua, Papi, who has a desperate crush on her. A sequel, \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2\", was released on direct-to-DVD on February 1, 2011, and \"\" was released on September 18, 2012.", "The Original Kings of Comedy is a 2000 stand-up comedy film, directed by Spike Lee, and featuring the comedy routines of Steve Harvey, D.L. Hughley, Cedric the Entertainer, and Bernie Mac. Filmed in front of an audience at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, the comedians give the audience their views about African-American culture, race relations, religion and family. The film was produced by MTV Films and Latham Entertainment, and distributed by Paramount Pictures.", "Paramount Pictures Corporation (known professionally as Paramount Pictures and often referred to simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world, the second oldest in the United States, and the sole member of the \"Big Six\" film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood. In 1916 Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and honored each with a star on the logo. These fortunate few would become the first \"movie stars.\" Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).", "MTV Films is the motion picture production arm of the American cable television channel MTV. Founded in 1996, it has produced films based on MTV programs such as \"Beavis and Butt-head Do America\" and \"\", as well as other adaptations and original projects. Its films are released by fellow Viacom division Paramount Pictures. On August 21, 2006, Nickelodeon Movies and MTV Films became full labels of the Paramount Motion Pictures Group. It currently has 40 films with four direct-to-video titles.", "Nash Bridges is an American television police drama created by Carlton Cuse. The show starred Don Johnson and Cheech Marin as two Inspectors with the San Francisco Police Department's Special Investigations Unit. The show ran for six seasons on CBS from March 29, 1996 to May 4, 2001 with a total of 122 episodes being produced.", "The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film, produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film. The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\". The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. \"The Lion King\" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Moira Kelly, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Rowan Atkinson, Robert Guillaume, Madge Sinclair, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings." ]

[ "cbs", "japan", "mtv", "paramount pictures", "pixar", "showtime", "spike", "walt disney pictures" ]

[ "Puss Gets the Boot is the first animated short subject in the Tom and Jerry series .", "Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Joseph Roland \"Joe\" Barbera (or March 24, 1911 December 18, 2006) was an American animator, director, producer, storyboard artist, and cartoon artist, whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of fans worldwide for much of the 20th century.", "William Denby \"Bill\" Hanna (July 14, 1910 March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, voice actor, and cartoon artist, whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century." ]

[ "14", "18", "1911", "1940", "22", "24" ]

[ "The Hunter process was the first industrial process to produce pure ductile metallic titanium. It was invented in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter, a chemist born in New Zealand, who worked in the US. The process involved reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl) with sodium (Na) in a steel bomb at 700800 °C. ", "An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. The ores are extracted from the earth through mining; they are then refined (often via smelting) to extract the valuable element, or elements.", "A chemical element or element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e. the same atomic number, \"Z\"). There are 118 elements that have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radioactive isotopes, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.", "The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter \"D\" can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:", "A metal (from Greek \"métallon\", \"mine, quarry, metal\") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals, the others are nonmetals or metalloids. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms.", "Aqua regia (\"royal water\" or \"king's water\") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a yellow-orange fuming liquid. Aqua regia was so named by alchemists because it can dissolve the noble metals gold and platinum. However, aqua regia does not dissolve or corrode silver, titanium, iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, osmium, or rhodium.", "Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital, Luxembourg City, is, together with Brussels and Strasbourg, one of the three official capitals of the European Union and the seat of the European Court of Justice, the highest juridical authority in the EU. Its culture, people and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbors, making it essentially a mixture of French and Germanic cultures. The repeated invasions by its neighbor countries, especially in World War II, resulted in the country's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and led to the foundation of the European Union.", "Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word \"zircon\" comes from the Persian word \"zargun\" , meaning \"gold-colored\". It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although small amounts are used as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium forms a variety of inorganic and organometallic compounds such as zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride, respectively. Five isotopes occur naturally, three of which are stable. Zirconium compounds have no known biological role.", "William Justin Kroll ( born Guillaume Justin Kroll ; November 24 , 1889 -- March 30 , 1973 ) was a metallurgist from Luxembourg . He is best known for inventing the Kroll process in 1940 , which is used commercially to extract metallic titanium from ore .", "Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.", "The Kroll process is a pyrometallurgical industrial process used to produce metallic titanium. It was invented by William J. Kroll in Luxembourg. After moving to the United States, Kroll further developed the method for the production of zirconium. The Kroll process replaced the Hunter process for almost all commercial production." ]

[ "belgium", "brussels", "france", "germany", "luxembourg", "mine", "most", "orange", "rho", "sea", "zealand" ]

[ "Portglenone is a village and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies 8.5 miles (14 km) west of Ballymena. It had a population of 1,174 people in the 2011 Census. Portglenone is beside the smaller village of Glenone (in County Londonderry), from which it is separated by the River Bann.", "The Northern Ireland Act 1998 (c.47) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established a devolved legislature for Northern Ireland, the Northern Ireland Assembly, after decades of direct rule from Westminster.", "Larne (the name of a Gaelic terrority) is a seaport and industrial market town, as well as a civil parish, on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland with a population of 18,323 people in the 2008 Estimate. The Larne Local Government District had a population of 32,180 in 2011. It has been used as a seaport for over 1,000 years, and is today a major passenger and freight roll-on roll-off port. Larne is twinned with Clover, South Carolina which has named one of its schools, Larne Elementary School, after Larne. Larne is administered by Mid and East Antrim Borough Council. Together with the neighbouring district of Carrickfergus and part of Newtownabbey, it forms the East Antrim constituency for elections to the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly. The civil parish is situated in the historic barony of Glenarm Upper.", "The Northern Ireland Assembly (Ulster Scots: \"Norlin Airlan Assemblie\") is the devolved legislature of Northern Ireland. It has power to legislate in a wide range of areas that are not explicitly reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and to appoint the Northern Ireland Executive. It sits at Parliament Buildings at Stormont in Belfast.", "A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.", "Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: \"\") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or \"part\" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to \"put forward views and proposals\" with \"determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments\".", "Belfast International Airport is an airport northwest of Belfast in Northern Ireland. It was formerly known and is still referred to as Aldergrove Airport, after the nearby village of Aldergrove, which lies immediately to the west. Nearly 4.4 million passengers travelled through the airport in 2015, a 9% increase compared with 2014. Belfast International is the busiest airport in Northern Ireland and the second busiest airport on the island of Ireland in terms of passenger numbers after Dublin Airport and is followed by Belfast-City, Cork and Shannon.", "County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim) is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of and has a population of about 618,000. It is one of six traditional counties of Northern Ireland and is within the historic province of Ulster. County Antrim has a population density of 203 people per square kilometer / 526 people per square mile.", "The Good Friday Agreement (GFA) or Belfast Agreement (or ; Ulster-Scots: \"Guid Friday Greeance\" or \"Bilfawst Greeance\") was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s. ", "Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, the second largest on the island of Ireland, and the heart of the tenth largest Primary Urban Area in the United Kingdom. On the River Lagan, it had a population of 286,000 at the 2011 census and 333,871 after the 2015 council reform. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.", "Clover is a town in York County, South Carolina, United States located in the greater Charlotte, North Carolina, metropolitan area. As of 2010, the population was at 5,094 within the town limits.\nClover is twinned with the Northern Irish town of Larne on County Antrim's East Coast.", "Ulster (or \"Cúige Uladh\" , Ulster Scots: \"Ulstèr\" or \"Ulster\") is a province in the north of the island of Ireland. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a \"rí ruirech\", or \"king of over-kings\".", "Ireland, also described as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the ', consists of a lower house, ', an upper house, ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers.", "Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.", "Cullybackey or Cullybacky is a village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies 3 miles north of Ballymena, on the banks of the River Main, and is part of Mid and East Antrim district. It is a predominantly Protestant area with most of the residents being of Scottish descent. It had a population of 2,569 people in the 2011 Census.", "Broughshane (pronounced , formerly spelt Brughshane) is a village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is northeast of Ballymena and north of Antrim, on the A42 road. It is part of Mid and East Antrim District Council and had a population of 2,851 people in the 2011 Census.", "Ahoghill or Ahohill is a large village and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, four miles from Ballymena. It is in Mid and East Antrim District Council. It had a population of 3,403 people in the 2011 Census.", "Mid and East Antrim is a local government district in Northern Ireland. The district was created on 1 April 2015 by merging the Borough of Ballymena, the Borough of Larne and the Borough of Carrickfergus. The local authority is Mid and East Antrim Borough Council.", "Carrickfergus, colloquially known as \"Carrick\", is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, from Belfast. The town had a population of 27,903 at the 2011 Census. It is County Antrim's oldest town and one of the oldest towns in Ireland as a whole. Carrickfergus was the administrative centre for Carrickfergus Borough Council, before this was amalgamated into the Mid and East Antrim District Council in 2015, and forms part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. It is also a townland of 65 acres, a civil parish and a barony.", "Glenarm is a village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies on the North Channel coast north of the town of Larne and the village of Ballygalley, and south of the village of Carnlough. It is situated in the civil parish of Tickmacrevan and the historic barony of Glenarm Lower. It is part of Mid and East Antrim District Council and had a population of 1,851 people in the 2011 Census. Glenarm takes it name from the glen in which it lies, the southernmost of the nine Glens of Antrim.", "Dublin Airport, , is an international airport serving Dublin, the capital city of Ireland. It is operated by DAA (formerly Dublin Airport Authority). The airport is located north of Dublin in Collinstown, Fingal. In 2016, 27.9 million passengers passed through the airport, making it the airport's busiest year on record. It is also the busiest of the state's airports by total passenger traffic. It also has the greatest traffic levels on the island of Ireland, followed by Belfast International Airport, County Antrim.", "Newtownabbey is a large settlement north of Belfast in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Sometimes considered to be a suburb of Belfast, it is separated from the rest of the city by Cavehill and Fortwilliam golf course. At the 2001 Census, Newtownabbey Urban Area had a population of 62,056, making it the fourth largest settlement in Northern Ireland. It is part of Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.", "The River Bann (from \"ban-dea\", meaning \"goddess\") is the longest river in Northern Ireland, its length, Upper and Lower Bann combined, being 129 km (80 mi). However, the total length of the River Bann, including its path through the 30 km (19 mi) long Lough Neagh is 159 km (99 mi). Another length of the River Bann given is 90 mi. The river winds its way from the southeast corner of Northern Ireland to the northwest coast, pausing in the middle to widen into the enormous Lough Neagh. The River Bann catchment has an area of 5,775 km. The River Bann has a mean discharge rate of 92 m/s. According to C.Michael Hogan, the Bann River Valley is a settlement area for some of the first human arrivals in Ireland after the most recent glacial retreat. The river has played an important part in the industrialisation of the north of Ireland, especially in the linen industry. Today salmon and eel fisheries are the most important economic features of the river. The river is often used as a dividing line between the eastern and western areas of Northern Ireland, often labelled the \"Bann divide\". Towns, councils and businesses \"west of the Bann\" are often seen as having less investment and government spending than those to the east. It is also seen as a religious, economic and political divide, with Catholics and Irish nationalists being in the majority to the west, and Ulster Protestants and unionists in the majority to the east; and with the financial and industrial capital of Greater Belfast to the east with the west of the Bann being more agricultural and rural.", "A bus (archaically also omnibus, multibus, motorbus, autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker rigid bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare. In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular driver's licence.", "AirPort is the name given to a series of products by Apple Inc. using the (Wi-Fi) protocols (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac). These products comprise a number of wireless routers and wireless cards. The AirPort Extreme name was originally intended to signify the addition of the 802.11g protocol to these products.", "Glenone is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 318. It is situated within Mid-Ulster district.", "Since 1981, it has become one of four counties in Northern Ireland that has a Catholic majority (55.56% according to the 2001 Census), with 57% of the Catholic population residing within Derry City Council. The county flower is the Purple Saxifrage.", "Ballymena is a large town in County Antrim, and the eighth largest in Northern Ireland. It is part of Mid and East Antrim Borough Council. It had a population of 29,467 people in the 2011 Census.", "Mid and East Antrim Borough Council is a local authority that was established on 1 April 2015. It replaced Ballymena Borough Council, Carrickfergus Borough Council and Larne Borough Council.", "Ballymena is a local government district with borough status in Northern Ireland . It is one of twenty - six districts created on 1 October 1973 and covers the town of Ballymena and the surrounding area which includes small towns including Broughshane , Cullybackey , Galgorm , Ahoghill and Portglenone . The borough has an area of 200 square miles ( 520 km2 ) and a population of 64,044 according to the 2011 census . The borough has a central location within Northern Ireland and is served by the M2 motorway and with a station on the Belfast - Derry / Londonderry railway line . Belfast International Airport itself is only 18 miles ( 29 km ) away and the Belfast City Airport is 30 miles ( 48 km ) from Ballymena . It is also accessible to the seaports of Larne and Belfast , 20 and 27 miles ( 43 km ) away respectively ." ]

[ "antrim and newtownabbey", "atlantic ocean", "banks", "belfast", "carrickfergus", "clover", "cork", "county antrim", "county londonderry", "district", "dublin", "earth", "east", "fingal", "hamlet", "ireland", "larne", "londonderry", "mid and east antrim", "most", "newtownabbey", "north", "northern", "northern ireland", "northwest", "of", "post", "river", "road", "south carolina", "ulster", "westminster", "york", "york county" ]

[ "The Rhön Mountains (German: \"Die Rhön\") are a group of low mountains (or \"Mittelgebirge\") in central Germany, located around the border area where the states of Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia come together. These mountains, which are at the extreme southeast end of the East Hesse Highlands (\"Osthessisches Bergland\"), are partly a result of ancient volcanic activity. They are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the river Fulda and its valley. The highest mountain in the Rhön is the Wasserkuppe which is in Hesse. The Rhön Mountains are a popular tourist destination and walking area.", "The Wasserkuppe is a mountain within the German state of Hesse. The elevation, which is a large plateau formation, is the highest peak in the Rhön Mountains. Between the First and Second World Wars great advances in sailplane development took place on the mountain during the interwar period. Near the summit there is still an airfield used by gliding clubs and pilots of light aircraft.", "The Pelzner Hang Glider was a simple , lightweight , low cost but strong hang glider built in Germany in 1920 , intended to make flying accessible to large numbers of young people . Variants competed with some success in the first two Rhön contests held on the Wasserkuppe .", "Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne. The word \"soaring\" is also used for the sport.", "Hesse or Hessia (, Hessian dialect: \"Hesse\" ) is a federal state (\"Land\") of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden; the largest city is Frankfurt am Main. Until the formation of the German Reich in 1871, Hesse was an independent country ruled by a Grand Duke (Grand Duchy of Hesse). Due to divisions after World War II, the modern federal state does not cover the entire cultural region of Hesse which includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate.", "In geology and earth science, a plateau (or ; plural plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain that is raised significantly above the surrounding area, often with one or more sides with steep slopes." ]

[ "activity", "aircraft", "area", "atmosphere", "city", "dialect", "die", "duke", "federal republic", "formation", "geology", "german", "germany", "light", "mountain", "plural", "republic", "river", "science", "second", "summit", "word" ]

[ "A crown prince or crown princess is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled \"crown princess\".", "Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of a Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Zakarid-Mxargrzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as princes of Samtskhe.", "Greater Caucasus ( , \"Didi avasioni\" \"Bolshoy Kavkaz\", sometimes translated as \"Caucasus Major\", \"Big Caucasus\" or \"Large Caucasus\") is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.", "Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk (\"Order of the Realm\" ) was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire. He held near absolute power for 20 years after the assassination of Alp Arslan in 1072. One of his most important legacies was founding madrasas in cities throughout the Seljuk Empire. These were called \"nezamiyehs\" after him. He wrote \"Siyasatnama\" (\"\"Book of Government\"\"), a political treatise that uses historical examples to discuss justice, effective rule, and the role of government in Islamic society.", "Shams al - Din Ildeniz , Eldigüz or Shamseddin Eldeniz ( Azerbaijani : msddin Eldniz , died c. 1175 - 1176 ) was an atabeg of the Seljuq empire and founder of the dynasty of Eldiguzids ( Atabegs of Azerbaijan ) , which held sway over Caucasian Albania , Iranian Azerbaijan , and most of northwestern Persia from the second half of the 12th century to the early decades of the 13th . A Kipchak by origin , he was formerly a freedman of Seljuq sultan Mehmed I 's ( 1118 - 1131 ) vizier Kamal Din al - Simirumi and attained to the post of governor of Arran under Sultan Mas'ud ( 1134 - 1152 ) . His raise as the most powerful peripheral emirs of the Seljuq empire was aided by the necessity of having a large army against the frequent incursions from the neighboring Kingdom of Georgia . He made himself virtually independent ruler of Azerbaijan by 1146 . His marriage with the widow of Sultan Toghrul II ( 1132 - 1133 ; Masud 's brother and predecessor ) afforded him to intervene in the dynastic strife which erupted upon Mas'ud 's death in 1152 . He succeeded , in 1160 , in deposing Sulayman Shah and installing his stepson Arslan b. Toghrul ( 1160 - 1175 ) as sultan . Conferred with the rank of atabek , Ildeniz now became a chief protector of the sultan 's authority . Ildeniz then arranged a marriage between his son Pahlawan and the daughter of Inanch , amir of Rey , in order to secure the allegiance of this powerful dynasty . Later Inanch allied himself with the amirs of Fars and Qazvin and attempted to depose Arslan in favor of his brother Muhammad . Ildeniz met the renegades on a battlefield and won a victory , but Inanch escaped to Rey . Ildeniz then marched to Isfahan and forced the atabek of Fars , Zangi , into submission . Soon he proceeded northward to recover the city of Dvin from the Georgian attack in 1162 . A coalition of Muslim rulers led by Ildeniz defeated the Georgian king Giorgi III and forced him to withdraw into his possessions . Back at Hamadan , he had to deal with another invasion -- this time by the Khwarezmians who planned to annex Khorasan . The Khwarezminas avoided the confrontation and retreated in the face of the advancing army of Ildeniz . Their ally Inanch was murdered at the request of Ildeniz in 1169 . It was not , however , until the death of the Khwarazmshah Il - Arslan in 1172 , when the threats on this sector were finally eliminated . By the time of his death around 1175 - 1176 , Ildeniz was arguably the undisputed de facto master of many parts of the already fragmentized Great Seljuq Empire , centered on Iraq . He was buried at Hamadan , at a madrasa which he had founded .", "Lesser Caucasus (\"Pokr Kovkas\", Azerbaijani: \"Kiçik Qafqaz Dalar\", , , , sometimes translated as \"Caucasus Minor\") is second of the two main mountain ranges of Caucasus mountains, of length about . The western portion of the Lesser Caucasus overlaps and converges with the high plateau of Eastern Anatolia, in the far northeast of Turkey.", "Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.", "A vizier (rarely ; In modern usage, the term has been used for ministers in the Arab world, Iran, Turkey, East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia) Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.", "Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language or ethnolect of southwestern Iran that during the Sasanian Empire (224654) became a prestige dialect and so came to be spoken in other regions of the empire as well. Middle Persian is classified as a Western Iranian language. It descends from Old Persian and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian.", "Albania (Latin: ', Greek: , in Old Armenian: \"Auank\" (\"Aguank\"), Parthian: \"Ardhan\", Middle Persian: \"Arran\"); usually referred to as Caucasian Albania\"' for disambiguation with the modern state of Albania (the native name for the country is unknown), is a name for the historical region of the eastern Caucasus, that existed on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located) and partially southern Dagestan. Around the first centuries BC and AD the land south of the Greater Caucasus and north of the Lesser Caucasus was divided between Kolchis in the west, Caucasian Iberia in the center and Caucasian Albania in the east. To the southwest was Armenia and to the southeast Atropatene.", "The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black and the Caspian seas.", "Armenia ( tr. \"Hayastan\"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. \"Hayastani Hanrapetutyun\"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the \"Armenian Highlands\", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.", "Atropatene (originally known as \"Atropatkan\" and \"Atorpatkan\" ) was an ancient kingdom established and ruled under local ethnic Iranian dynasties, first with Darius III of Persia and later Alexander the Great of Macedonia starting in the 4th century BC and includes the territory of modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Kurdistan, and a small part of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic. Its capital was Ganzak. \"Atropatene\" also was the nominal ancestor of the name \"Azerbaijan\".", "Parthia (Parava, , Paraw, , Pahlaw) is a historical region located in north-eastern Iran. It was the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire (247 BC 224 AD).", "Albania (; ), officially the Republic of Albania, is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a population of 3.03 million as of 2016. Tirana is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Durrës and Vlorë. Albania is located in the south-western part of the Balkan peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast. The country has a coastline on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest where the Albanian Riviera begins. Albania is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.", "The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval monarchy which emerged in circa 1008 AD. It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from 11th to 13th centuries. At the peak of its dominance,the Kingdom's influence spanned from the south of modern-day Ukraine to the northern provinces of Iran, while also maintaining religious possessions in the Holy Land and Greece. A predominantly Christian, Georgian-speaking realm, it was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia." ]

[ "adriatic sea", "africa", "albania", "alexander", "anatolia", "armenia", "asia", "azerbaijan", "bol", "durrës", "georgia", "greece", "holy land", "imperial", "ionian sea", "iran", "kenya", "macedonia", "mediterranean sea", "most", "nakhchivan", "russia", "sea", "somalia", "tajikistan", "tanzania", "unknown", "vlorë" ]

[ "In physics, mass is a property of a physical body. It is the measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).", "The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The descriptive \"milky\" is derived from the appearance from Earth of the galaxy a band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term \"Milky Way\" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', \"milky circle\"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies.", "Acceleration, in physics, is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton's Second Law. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared Accelerations are vector quantities (they have magnitude and direction) and add according to the parallelogram law. As a vector, the calculated net force is equal to the product of the object's mass (a scalar quantity) and its acceleration.", "An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization.", "In mathematics, a ratio is a relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second. For example, if a bowl of fruit contains eight oranges and six lemons, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six (that is, 8:6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4:3). Thus, a ratio can be a fraction as opposed to a whole number. Also, in this example the ratio of lemons to oranges is 6:8 (or 3:4), and the ratio of oranges to the total amount of fruit is 8:14 (or 4:7).", "Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or \"gravitate\" toward) one another, including planets, stars and galaxies. Since energy and mass are equivalent, all forms of energy, including light, also cause gravitation and are under the influence of it. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects and causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming stars and the stars to group together into galaxies so gravity is responsible for many of the large scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects.", "The kilogram or kilogramme (SI unit symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) (the Metric system) and is defined as being equal to the mass of the \"International Prototype of the Kilogram\" (IPK, also known as \"Le Grand K\" or \"Big K\").", "Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.", "Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.", "A substellar object , sometimes called a substar , is an astronomical object whose mass is smaller than the smallest mass at which hydrogen fusion can be sustained ( approximately 0.08 solar masses ) . This definition includes brown dwarfs , former stars similar to EF Eridani B , and can also include objects of planetary mass , regardless of their formation mechanism and whether or not they are associated with a primary star . Assuming that a substellar object has a composition similar to the Sun 's and at least the mass of Jupiter ( approximately 10 3 solar masses ) , its radius will be comparable to that of Jupiter ( approximately 0.1 solar radii ) . This is because the center of such a substellar object just below the hydrogen - burning limit is quite degenerate , with a density of 103 g / cm3 , but this degeneracy lessens with decreasing mass until , at the mass of Jupiter , a substellar object has a central density less than 10 g / cm3 . The density decrease balances the mass decrease , keeping the radius approximately constant . A substellar object with mass just below the hydrogen - fusing limit may ignite hydrogen fusion temporarily at its center , but although this will provide some energy , it will not be enough to overcome the object 's ongoing gravitational contraction ; likewise , although an object with mass above approximately 0.013 solar masses will be able to fuse deuterium for a time , this source of energy will be exhausted in approximately 106 to 108 years . Apart from these sources , the radiation of an isolated substellar object comes only from the release of its gravitational potential energy , which causes it to gradually cool and shrink . A substellar object in orbit about a star will shrink more slowly as it is kept warm by the star , evolving towards an equilibrium state where it emits as much energy as it receives from the star .", "Designations of stars (and other celestial bodies) and their naming is currently primarily mediated in the scientific community by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) a de facto authority. The IAU states that it is keen to make a distinction between the terms \"name\" and \"designation\". To the IAU, \"name\" refers to the (usually colloquial) term used for a star in everyday speech, while \"designation\" is solely alphanumerical and used almost exclusively in official catalogues and for professional astronomy. Many of the names and some of the designations in use today were inherited from the time before the IAU existed. Other designations are being added all the time.", "A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. However, most of the stars in the Universe, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way, are invisible to the naked eye from Earth. Indeed, most are invisible from Earth even through the most powerful telescopes.", "An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.", "In physics, net force is the \"overall\" force acting on an object. In order to calculate the net force, the body is isolated and interactions with the environment or other constraints are represented as forces and torques in a free-body diagram. ", "In physics, a physical body or physical object (sometimes simply called a body or object; also: concrete object) is an identifiable collection of matter, which may be more or less constrained by an identifiable boundary, to move together by translation or rotation, in 3-dimensional space.", "A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. The word galaxy is derived from the Greek \"\", literally \"milky\", a reference to the Milky Way. Galaxies range in size from dwarfs with just a few billion stars to giants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral and irregular. Many galaxies are thought to have black holes at their active centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun. As of March 2016, GN-z11 is the oldest and most distant observed galaxy with a comoving distance of 32 billion light-years from Earth, and observed as it existed just 400 million years after the Big Bang.", "The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name=\"doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012\"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.\nAbout three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.", "The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. The size of the entire Universe is unknown.", "A constellation is formally defined as a region of the celestial sphere, with boundaries laid down by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The constellation areas mostly had their origins in Western-traditional patterns of stars from which the constellations take their names.", "An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that current science has demonstrated to exist in the observable universe.", "A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1600s, by using glass lenses. They found use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy. ", "A star catalogue (Commonwealth English) or star catalog (American English), is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient peoples, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies data center.", "In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. In other words, a force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F.", "Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that occupy the mass range between the heaviest gas giants and the lightest stars, of approximately 13 to 7580 Jupiter masses. Below this range are the sub-brown dwarfs, and above it are the lightest red dwarfs (M9V). Brown dwarfs may be fully convective, with no layers or chemical differentiation by depth.", "Physics (from , from \"phúsis\" \"nature\") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. One of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves." ]

[ "1600s", "article", "astronomical object", "astronomy", "atom", "body", "celestial sphere", "center", "chinese", "community", "earth", "electromagnetic radiation", "english", "eye", "galaxy", "gas", "gravitationally bound system", "gravity", "greeks", "mass", "mathematics", "may", "milky way", "name", "nature", "ocean", "phenomenon", "physical cosmology", "physical object", "physics", "plasma", "radiation", "science", "solar system", "state", "sun", "system", "universe", "work" ]

[ "Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport. The state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word \"Connecticut\" is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for \"long tidal river\".", "A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).", "Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U.S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (which comprise the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) to the west; then Nassau and Suffolk to the east. However, many people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Brooklyn and Queens) colloquially use the term \"Long Island\" (or \"The Island\") exclusively to refer to the NassauSuffolk county area collectively, which is mainly suburban in character. More generally, \"Long Island\" may also refer collectively both to the main Island as well as its nearby, surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is the Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut and a small part of Rhode Island across the Block Island Sound. Across the Sound, to the northwest, lies Westchester County on mainland New York. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from the New York City borough of Staten Island and the U.S. state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, and Lower New York Bay. To the east lie Block Island and numerous smaller islands.", "Masculinity (also called boyhood, manliness, or manhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors and roles generally associated with boys and men. Masculinity is socially constructed, but made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors, distinct from the definition of the male biological sex. Both males and females can exhibit masculine traits and behavior. Those exhibiting both masculine and feminine characteristics are considered androgynous, and feminist philosophers have argued that gender ambiguity may blur gender classification.", "It Happened One Night is a 1934 American Pre-Code romantic comedy film with elements of screwball comedy directed and co-produced by Frank Capra, in collaboration with Harry Cohn, in which a pampered socialite (Claudette Colbert) tries to get out from under her father's thumb and falls in love with a roguish reporter (Clark Gable). The plot is based on the August 1933 short story \"Night Bus\" by Samuel Hopkins Adams, which provided the shooting title. One of the last romantic comedies created before the MPAA began enforcing the 1930 production code in 1934, the film was released on February 22, 1934.", "Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. It is geographically adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn at the southwestern end of Long Island, and to Nassau County further east on Long Island; in addition, Queens shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (after Brooklyn), with a census-estimated 2,339,150 residents in 2015, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of New York, behind the neighboring borough of Brooklyn, which is coterminous with Kings County. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in the United States. If each of New York City's boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nation's fourth most populous city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.", "Comedy is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humor. These films are designed to make the audience laugh through amusement and most often work by exaggerating characteristics for humorous effect. Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending (black comedy being an exception). One of the oldest genres in film, some of the very first silent movies were comedies, as slapstick comedy often relies on visual depictions, without requiring sound. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films took another swing, as laughter could result from burlesque situations but also dialogue.", "Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly such that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. Hollywood's classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography. Many of the prototypical stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression.", "The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.", "Screwball comedy is principally a genre of comedy film that became popular during the Great Depression, originating in the early 1930s and thriving until the early 1940s. Many secondary characteristics of this genre are similar to film noir, but it distinguishes itself for being characterized by a female that dominates the relationship with the male central character, whose masculinity is challenged. The two engage in a humorous battle of the sexes, which was a new theme for Hollywood and audiences at the time. Other elements are fast-paced repartee, farcical situations, escapist themes, and plot lines involving courtship and marriage. Screwball comedies often depict social classes in conflict, as in \"It Happened One Night\" (1934) and \"My Man Godfrey\" (1936). Some comic plays are also described as screwball comedies.", "The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which is also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known as the \"Sound River\". The tidal strait changes its direction of flow frequently, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of , and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city, although that is no longer the case.", "A suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. In most English-speaking regions, suburban areas are defined in contrast to central or inner city areas, but in Australian English and South African English, \"suburb\" has become largely synonymous with what is called a \"neighborhood\" in other countries and the term extends to inner city areas. In some areas, such as Australia, China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and a few U.S. states, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities. In others, such as Arabia, Canada, France, and much of the United States, many suburbs remain separate municipalities or are governed as part of a larger local government area such as a county.", "Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. In the southwest of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park at the southern tip of the island and the state. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a 2015 Census-estimated population of 474,558, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at .\nThe borough is coextensive with Richmond County, and until 1975 was the Borough of Richmond. Its flag was later changed to reflect this. Staten Island has been sometimes called \"the forgotten borough\" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government.", "My Man Godfrey is a 1936 American screwball comedy film directed by Gregory La Cava. The screenplay was written by Morrie Ryskind, with uncredited contributions by La Cava, based on \"1101 Park Avenue\", a short novel by Eric Hatch. The story concerns a socialite who hires a derelict to be her family's butler, only to fall in love with him, much to his dismay. The film stars William Powell and Carole Lombard. Powell and Lombard had been briefly married years earlier.", "My Girlfriend 's Boyfriend is an American 1998 screwball comedy film written and directed by Kenneth Schapiro , with singer - songwriter Deborah Gibson as the top - billed star . It was filmed on Long Island .", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world." ]

[ "burlesque", "cinematography", "comedy", "comedy film", "crime fiction", "economy", "education", "entertainment", "family", "fashion", "fiction", "film noir", "gender", "government", "hardboiled", "love", "novel", "romantic comedy", "screwball comedy film", "short story", "slapstick", "technology", "united states of america", "urban", "variety", "various" ]

[ "Phyllocarida is a subclass of crustaceans , comprising the extant order Leptostraca and the extinct orders Hymenostraca and Archaeostraca .", "Malacostraca is the largest of the six classes of crustaceans, containing about 40,000 living species, divided among 16 orders. Its members, the malacostracans, display a great diversity of body forms and include crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, scuds (Amphipoda), mantis shrimp and many other less familiar animals. They are abundant in all marine environments and have colonised freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are segmented animals, united by a common body plan comprising 20 body segments (rarely 21), and divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen.", "Nebalia is a large genus of small crustaceans containing more than half of the species in the order Leptostraca, with over thirty species:", "The Cambrian Period (or ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 55.6 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 541 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period mya. Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established (as Cambrian series) by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latinised form of \"Cymru\", the Welsh name for Wales, where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of lagerstätte sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where \"soft\" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Cambrian biology surpasses that of some later periods.", "Leptostraca (from the Greek words for \"thin\" and \"shell\") is an order of small, marine crustaceans. Its members, including the well-studied \"Nebalia\", occur throughout the world's oceans and are usually considered to be filter-feeders. It is the only extant order in the subclass Phyllocarida. They are believed to represent the most primitive members of their class, the Malacostraca, and first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian period." ]

[ "amphipoda", "archaeostraca", "leptostraca", "malacostraca", "mya", "nebalia", "phyllocarida" ]

[ "In finance, private equity is a type of equity (finance) and one of the asset classes consisting of equity securities and debt in operating companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange.", "Saab Automobile AB was a manufacturer of automobiles that was founded in Sweden in 1945 when its parent company, SAAB AB (soon to be Saab AB), began a project to design a small automobile. The first production model, the Saab 92, was launched in 1949. In 1968 the parent company merged with Scania-Vabis, and ten years later the Saab 900 was launched, in time becoming Saab's best-selling model. In the mid-1980s the new Saab 9000 model also appeared.", "The Maserati Quattroporte is a four-door sports luxury saloon produced by Italian car manufacturer Maserati. The name translated from Italian literally means \"four doors\". There have been six generations of this car, with the first introduced in 1963, and the current model launched in 2013.", "The rotary engine was an early type of internal-combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration, in which the crankshaft remained stationary in operation, with the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotating around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use before its primary aviation role, in a few early motorcycles and automobiles.", "An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Commercial aviation is a massive industry involving the flying of tens of thousands of passengers daily on airliners. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled.", "Spyker Cars is a Dutch sports car marque. The modern Spyker Cars holds the legal rights to the brand name. The company's motto is \"\"Nulla tenaci invia est via\"\", which is Latin for \"For the tenacious, no road is impassable\". The marque's logo displays the rotary engine of an airplane, a reference to the historic Spyker company which manufactured aircraft. In an attempt to save Spyker from bankruptcy, Swedish Automobile in September 2011, announced the immediate sale of Spyker to American private equity and hedge fund North Street Capital for €32 million (US$41 million). On December 18, 2014, Spyker confirmed that it deliberately had gone bankrupt, hoping to restructure its finances and getting back on its feet. However, the bankruptcy declaration was reverted early 2015 and the company announced to continue with the production of sports cars.", "The Porsche Panamera is a luxury four-door sedan. It is front-engined with two-wheel drive, with all-wheel drive versions also available.", "A brand (or marque for car model) is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes one sellers product from those of others. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising.", "Spyker or Spijker was a Dutch car manufacturer started in 1880 by smelters Jacobus and Hendrik-Jan Spijker as a coach production company. They were originally based in Hilversum but in 1898 moved to Trompenburg, Amsterdam.", "Victor Roberto Muller (born September 13, 1959) is a Dutch businessman, founder of Spyker Cars, CEO of Spyker N.V., and former Chairman and CEO of Saab Automobile AB.", "Spyker Cars shareholder and CEO , Victor Muller hinted at a Maserati Quattroporte , Porsche Panamera rival with an eight - cylinder ( the E8 ) or a twelve - cylinder ( the E12 ) engine , but due to problems getting the D8 into production , the idea was ignored until recently when Muller has said he `` believes now could be the time to resurrect the saloon . '' Muller believes it will take about four years from time E8 / E12 is reveled to the time it starts production . In March 2011 , Muller stated that the production version of the Spyker E8 / E12 will use a twelve - cylinder instead of the proposed eight - cylinder engine .", "Two-wheel drive (2WD) describes vehicles with a drivetrain that allows two wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously.", "Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.", "A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets, often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniques. It is administered by a professional investment management firm, and often structured as a limited partnership, limited liability company, or similar vehicle. Hedge funds are generally distinct from mutual funds as their use of leverage is not capped by regulators and distinct from private equity funds as the majority of hedge funds invest in relatively liquid assets.", "A sports car (sportscar) is a small, usually two seater, two door automobile designed for spirited performance and nimble handling. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the first known use of the term was in 1928.", "Maserati is an Italian luxury vehicle manufacturer established on December 1, 1914, in Bologna. The Maserati tagline is \"Luxury, sports and style cast in exclusive cars\", and the brand's mission statement is to \"Build ultra-luxury performance automobiles with timeless Italian style, accommodating bespoke interiors, and effortless, signature sounding power\".", "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche AG, is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans. Porsche AG is headquartered in Stuttgart, and is owned by Volkswagen AG, which is itself majority-owned by Porsche Automobil Holding SE. Porsche's current lineup includes the 718 Boxster/Cayman, 911, Panamera, Macan and Cayenne." ]

[ "1", "airplane", "alphabet", "application", "automobile", "aviation", "branch", "brand", "capital", "car model", "combustion", "combustion engine", "commercial aviation", "company", "computer", "construction", "december", "door", "engine", "feature", "finance", "four", "front", "handling", "hedge", "hedge fund", "language", "limited liability company", "limited partnership", "liquid", "logo", "manufacturer", "model", "name", "number", "parent company", "people", "plane", "production", "recreation", "rights", "row", "saw", "sedan", "september", "six", "sports car", "street", "style", "two", "variety", "vehicle" ]

[ "A role-playing game system is a set of game mechanics used in a role-playing game (RPG) to determine the outcome of a character's in-game actions.", "Steve Jackson Games (SJGames) is a game company, founded in 1980 by Steve Jackson, that creates and publishes role-playing, board, and card games, and the gaming magazine \"Pyramid\".", "GURPS Time Travel is a sourcebook for GURPS . It was published in 1991 .", "The Generic Universal RolePlaying System, or GURPS, is a tabletop role-playing game system designed to allow for play in any game setting. It was created by Steve Jackson Games and first published in 1986 at a time when most such systems were story- or genre-specific.", "The term sourcebook (or source book) is used to describe many different kinds of books such as collections of core articles (i.e., anthology), bibliographies, biographies, printed archival sources, directories and so on. There seems to be no consensus in the application of this term." ]

[ "application", "book", "character", "game", "play", "pyramid", "role", "system", "term", "time" ]

[ "The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a \"Union of the Crowns\". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.", "Pop Idol is a British television music competition created by Simon Fuller which ran on ITV from 2001 to 2003. The aim of the show was to decide the best new young pop singer (or \"pop idol\") in the UK based on viewer voting and participation. Two series were broadcastone in 20012002 and a second in 2003. \"Pop Idol\" was subsequently put on an indefinite hiatus after series judge Simon Cowell announced the launch of \"The X Factor\" in the UK in April 2004.", "The X Factor is a television music competition franchise created by Simon Cowell. It originated in the United Kingdom, where it was devised as a replacement for \"Pop Idol\" (200103). It is held in various countries. The programmes are produced by executive producer Simon Cowell and his company SYCOtv. The \"X Factor\" of the title refers to the undefinable \"something\" that makes for star quality. The prize is usually a recording contract, in addition to the publicity that appearance in the later stages of the show itself generates, not only for the winner but also for other highly ranked contestants.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Ireland, also described as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the ', consists of a lower house, ', an upper house, ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers.", "X Factor is the German version of The X Factor , a show originating from the United Kingdom . It is a television music talent show contested by aspiring pop singers drawn from public auditions . The show 's inaugural German season started in August 2010 . RTL broadcast the first two kick - off shows . The other episodes have been shown on VOX . Both channels are part of Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland . X Factor is produced by Grundy Light Entertainment , another RTL Group company . The auditions were held in April 2010 . The show started on 20 August 2010 and ended on 9 November 2010 with Edita Abdieski being crowned the winner . The second season began on 30 August 2011 and was won on 6 December 2011 by David Pfeffer . The third season began on 25 August 2012 and was won by Mrs Greenbird on 25 November 2012 ." ]

[ "city", "itv", "james", "simon cowell", "simon fuller" ]

[ "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Norman: \"Mont Saint Miché\", ) is an island commune in Normandy, France. It is located about one kilometre off the country's northwestern coast, at the mouth of the Couesnon River near Avranches and is in size. , the island has a population of 44.", "Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.", "The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or \"shelf\") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .", "Davaar Island or Island Davaar ( Scottish Gaelic : Eilean Dà Bhàrr ) is located at the mouth of Campbeltown Loch off the east coast of Kintyre , in Argyll and Bute , Scotland . It is a tidal island , linked to the mainland by a natural shingle causeway called the Dhorlin near Campbeltown at low tide . The crossing can be made in around 40 minutes . Davaar was known as the island of Sanct Barre between the years 1449 to 1508 . The modern form Davaar is from older Do Bharre - thy St Barre . Dr Gillies in his `` Place Names of Argyll '' appears to accept the popular derivation , Double - pointed ( Da - Bharr ) Island . In 1854 , a Lighthouse was built on the north of the island by the lighthouse engineers David and Thomas Stevenson . The lighthouse was automated in 1983 , and today , Davaar is inhabited by caretakers , sheep , goats and mink . The Lookout , a square building standing on a small knoll close to the lighthouse , was built during World War Two to house naval crews , whose task it was to stretch anti-submarine nets across the water , protecting Campbeltown . It is now rented out as a holiday home . The island is also known for its seven caves , one of which contains a life size cave painting depicting the crucifixion , painted in 1887 by local artist Archibald MacKinnon after he had a vision in a dream suggesting him to do so . The painting caused uproar in the area as it was seen as a sign from God ; it is said that when the townsfolk discovered it was MacKinnon , and not God , he was exiled from the town indefinitely . Restored several times since , including twice by the original artist , the painting was vandalised in July 2006 , having a red and black depiction of Che Guevara painted over the original masterpiece . It has since been restored again . Davaar Island is one of 43 tidal islands that can be walked to from the mainland of Great Britain and one of 17 that can be walked to from the Scottish mainland . In 2001 the island had a population of 2 as recorded by the census but in 2011 there were no `` usual residents '' living there .", "Knapdale forms a rural district of Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands, adjoining Kintyre to the south, and divided from the rest of Argyll to the north by the Crinan Canal. It includes two parishes, North Knapdale and South Knapdale.", "An abbey is a complex of buildings used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. It provides a place for religious activities, work and housing of Christian monks and nuns. The concept of the abbey has developed over many centuries from the early monastic ways of religious men and women where they would live isolated from the lay community about them. Religious life in an abbey may be monastic. An abbey may be the home of an enclosed religious order or may be open to visitors. The layout of the church and associated buildings of an abbey often follows a set plan determined by the founding religious order. Abbeys are often self-sufficient while using any abundance of produce or skill to provide care to the poor and needy, refuge to the persecuted or education to the young. Some abbeys offer accommodation to people who are seeking spiritual retreat. There are many famous abbeys across Europe.", "National \nThe Firth of Clyde encloses the largest and deepest coastal waters in the British Isles, sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. The Kilbrannan Sound is a large arm of the Firth of Clyde, separating the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. Within the Firth of Clyde is another major island - the Isle of Bute. Given its strategic location, at the entrance to the middle/upper Clyde, Bute played a vitally important military (naval) role during World War II.", "The Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: \"Innse Gall\"; Old Norse: \"Suðreyjar\") comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland. There are two main groups: the Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic, and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic, Norse, and English-speaking peoples. This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands, which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times.", "The Mull of Kintyre is the southwesternmost tip of the Kintyre Peninsula (formerly \"Cantyre\") in southwest Scotland. From here, the Antrim coast of Northern Ireland is visible on a calm and clear day, and a historic lighthouse, the second commissioned in Scotland, guides shipping in the intervening North Channel. The area has been immortalised in popular culture by the 1977 hit song \"Mull of Kintyre\" by Kintyre resident Paul McCartney's band of the time, Wings. Animator Ross Angus spent his childhood at the family owl reservation on the peninsula.", "Campbeltown Loch (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Chille Chiarain) is a small sea loch near the south of the Kintyre Peninsula facing eastwards towards the Firth of Clyde. The town of Campbeltown, from which it takes its name, is located at its head. The island of Davaar is located in the loch, and can be reach by foot along a natural shingle causeway at low tide. Oddly, while in English the Loch takes its name from Campbeltown, in Gaelic, Campbeltown takes its name from the loch - \"Ceann Loch Chille Chiarain\".", "A tidal island is a piece of land that is connected to the mainland by a natural or man-made causeway that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide. Because of the mystique surrounding tidal islands many of them have been sites of religious worship, such as Mont Saint-Michel with its Benedictine Abbey. Tidal islands are also commonly the sites of fortresses because of their natural fortifications.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth.", "The Irish Sea (, , , Ulster-Scots: \"Airish Sea\"), separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.", "Campbeltown (or \"Ceann Locha\") is a town and former royal burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies by Campbeltown Loch on the Kintyre peninsula. Originally known as Kinlochkilkerran (an anglicization of the Gaelic, which means \"head of the loch by the kirk of Ciarán\"), it was renamed in the 17th century as \"Campbell's Town\" after Archibald Campbell (Earl of Argyle) was granted the site in 1667. Campbeltown became an important centre for shipbuilding and Scotch whisky, and a busy fishing port.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Kintyre is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the southwest of Argyll and Bute. The pennsula stretches about , from the Mull of Kintyre in the south to East Loch Tarbert in the north. The area immediately north of Kintyre is known as Knapdale.", "The Northern Isles is an archipelago comprising a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. The climate is cool and temperate and much influenced by the surrounding seas. There are two main island groups: Shetland and Orkney. There are a total of 26 inhabited islands with landscapes of the fertile agricultural islands of Orkney contrasting with the more rugged Shetland islands to the north, where the economy is more dependent on fishing and the oil wealth of the surrounding seas. Both have a developing renewable energy industry. They also share a common Pictish and Norse history. Both island groups were absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland in the 15th century and remained part of the country following the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, and later the United Kingdom after 1801. The islands played a significant naval role during the world wars of the 20th century.", "Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "coast", "earth", "england", "english channel", "europe", "firth of clyde", "france", "germany", "great britain", "ireland", "irish sea", "isle of bute", "java", "kintyre", "mainland", "moon", "north sea", "norwegian sea", "outer hebrides", "shetland", "western europe" ]

[ "LaserDisc (abbreviated as LD) is a home video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium, initially licensed, sold and marketed as MCA DiscoVision in North America in 1978. Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, VHS and Betamax, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programs. It wasn't a popular format in Europe and Australia when first released but was popular in the 1990's . By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality made it a popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan. The technologies and concepts behind LaserDisc were the foundation for later optical disc formats including Compact Disc (CD), DVD and Blu-ray (BD).", "The series involves the adventures of the Knight Sabers, an all-female group of mercenaries who don powered exoskeletons and fight various problems, most frequently rogue robots. The success of the series spawned several sequel series.", "The Video Home System (VHS) is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes. Developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC) in the early 1970s, it was released in Japan in late 1976 and in the USA in early 1977.", "A.D. Police Files is a three - part original video animation produced by Youmex and animated by Artmic and AIC . It 's a spin - off of the Bubblegum Crisis series . Due to the legal conflict between Artmic and Youmex , the production of the series was stopped with only three complete episodes made .", ", abbreviated as media (and sometimes as OAV, original animated video), are animated films and series made specially for release in home video formats without prior showings on television or in theatres, though the first part of an OVA series may be broadcast for promotional purposes. OVA titles were originally made available on VHS, later becoming more popular on LaserDisc and eventually DVD. Starting in 2008, the term OAD (original animation DVD) began to refer to DVD releases published bundled with their source-material manga.", "Artmic (short for Art and Modern Ideology for Creation) is a defunct Japanese design studio formed in 1978. It went bankrupt and was liquidated in 1997. Anime International Company (AIC) now has intellectual property of most of its titles.", "Home video is pre-recorded media that is either sold, rented or streamed for home entertainment. The term originates from the VHS/Betamax era, when the predominant medium was videotape, but has carried over into current optical disc formats like DVD and Blu-ray Disc and, to a lesser extent, into methods of digital distribution such as Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon Video.", "DVD (an abbreviation of \"digital versatile disc\" or \"digital video disc\") is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions.", "Following a 1985 film adaptation, Studio Pierrot created an anime television series that was broadcast on Nippon Television from 1987 to 1988. Two more films were released in 1988 and 1996, as well as an original video animation series that began in 1989. In the mid-1990s the series was novelized as well. The manga has been released in English digitally by Digital Manga Guild. The television anime, second film, and original video animation series were all released in North America by AnimEigo, while the third film was licensed by ADV Films.", "Some of the more well-known works for which Youmex released soundtracks and other CDs (under its Futureland label) include \"Kimagure Orange Road\" (\"Sound Color\" 13, \"Loving Heart\", etc.), \"Bubblegum Crisis\" (\"Complete Vocal Collections\" 12), and \"\" (\"Vocal Collection\"). " ]

[ "1995", "anime international company", "hong kong", "jvc", "netflix", "rogue", "sony", "studio pierrot" ]

[ "The Classic Crime is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington formed in 2004. The band's current lineup consists of Matt MacDonald (vocals, guitar), Alan Clark (bass), Robert \"Cheeze\" Negrin (guitar), and Paul \"Skip\" Erickson (drums, vocals). They have released three albums and an EP on Tooth & Nail Records, two of which, \"The Silver Cord\" (2008) and \"Vagabonds\" (2010), charted in the \"Billboard\" 200. In July 2011, the band left Tooth & Nail to produce a fourth album with the help of fan donations via Kickstarter, called \"Phoenix\" (2012). In April 2016, The Classic Crime created a Kickstarter to raise funds for a fifth studio album. Within three hours they acquired the necessary $30,000 for the album.", "The Silver Cord is The Classic Crime's second full-length studio album. It was released on July 22, 2008 on Tooth & Nail Records.", "Seattle Sessions is an acoustic EP released by The Classic Crime in 2007 through Tooth & Nail Records .", "Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about south of the CanadaUnited States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling ." ]

[ "1", "200", "2004", "2008", "2011", "2012", "2013", "30", "5", "684", "a", "canada", "city", "classic", "crime", "help", "hours", "is", "july", "nail", "on", "pacific", "records", "released", "second", "silver", "sound", "south", "the album", "the band", "the silver cord", "they", "three", "united" ]

[ "Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, and often referred to as the \"Lion City\" or the \"Little Red Dot\", is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia, and the world's only island city-state. It lies one degree (137 km) north of the equator, south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south. Singapore's territory consists of a diamond-shaped main island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 km), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora, parks and gardens.", "Blind Shaft is a 2003 film about a pair of brutal con artists operating in the illegal coal mines of present-day northern China. The film was written and directed by Li Yang (), and is based on Chinese writer Liu Qingbang's short novel \"Shen Mu\" (\"Sacred Wood\").", "Megan Zheng (also known as Megan Tay) is a Singaporean actress who starred in two Singaporean movies: \"Homerun\" and \"One More Chance\". For her role in \"Homerun\", Zheng, then 10 years old, became the first Singaporean to win a Golden Horse Award, sharing her Best New Performer award with Wang Baoqiang.", "Wang Baoqiang ( simplified Chinese : ; traditional Chinese : ; pinyin : Wáng Boqiáng ; born April 29 , 1984 ) is a Chinese actor . His debut role was that of Yuan Fengming in the movie Blind Shaft , for which he shared the Best New Performer prize at the 2003 Golden Horse Awards with Megan Zheng . The same role also won him the Best Actor prize at the 2003 Deauville Asian Film Festival and 2004 Golden Kinnaree Award ( Bangkok International Film Festival ) .", "Wang Baoqiang (born 29 May 1984) is a Chinese actor. His debut role was that of Yuan Fengming in the movie \"Blind Shaft\", for which he shared the Best New Performer prize at the 2003 Golden Horse Awards with Megan Zheng. The same role also won him the Best Actor prize at the 2003 Deauville Asian Film Festival and 2004 Golden Kinnaree Award (Bangkok International Film Festival)." ]

[ "10", "130", "137", "1984", "2003", "29", "29 may 1984" ]

[ "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. In looser senses, the taller palms, the tree ferns, bananas and bamboos are also trees. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. The tallest known tree, a coast redwood named Hyperion, stands high. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world.", "Beech (\"Fagus\") is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. Recent classification systems of the genus recognize ten to thirteen species in two distinct subgenera, \"Engleriana\" and \"Fagus\". The \"Engleriana\" subgenus is found only in East Asia, and is notably distinct from the \"Fagus\" subgenus in that these beeches are low-branching trees, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. Further differentiating characteristics include the whitish bloom on the underside of the leaves, the visible tertiary leaf veins, and a long, smooth cupule-peduncle. \"Fagus japonica\", \"Fagus engleriana\", and the species \"F. okamotoi\", proposed by the botanist Chung-Fu Shen in 1992, comprise this subgenus. The better known \"Fagus\" subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. This group includes \"Fagus sylvatica\", \"Fagus grandifolia\", \"Fagus crenata\", \"Fagus lucida\", \"Fagus longipetiolata\", and \"Fagus hayatae\". The classification of the European beech, \"Fagus sylvatica\" is complex, with a variety of different names proposed for different species and subspecies within this region (for example \"Fagus taurica\", \"Fagus orientalis\", and \"Fagus moesica\"). Research suggests that beeches in Eurasia differentiated fairly late in evolutionary history, during the Miocene. The populations in this area represent a range of often overlapping morphotypes, though genetic analysis does not clearly support separate species.", "Scania, also known by its local name Skåne (or in the regional dialect), is the southernmost province (\"landskap\") of Sweden which consists of a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula and some islands close to it. Scania is roughly equivalent to the modern Skåne County (\"Skåne län\"). The responsibility for overseeing implementation of state policy in the county is administered by the County Administrative Board. Within Scania there are 33 municipalities that are independent and separate from the Scania Regional Council which has its seat in Kristianstad. The largest city is Malmö, which is also the third largest city in Sweden.", "Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.", "Sundbyvester is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (\"bydele\") comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. It lies on the south border of the municipality on the island of Amager. It covers an area of 5.21 km², has a population of 38,017 and a population density of 7,302 per km².", "Helsingborg (spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It had 132,989 inhabitants in 2013. Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania. There is no formal metropolitan area, but the municipality of Helsingborg City and its neighbouring five municipalities (within Scania) had in spring of 2013 a population of 269.489 inhabitants at an area of , a population density of 200 people/km. This makes Helsingborg the fourth largest population area in Sweden. The city is also Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about to the west, closer than to the city's own remoter areas. If including all population around the northern part of Øresund, as a Helsingborg-Helsingør metropolitan area, its population increases to 732.450 at an area of . The busy ferry route, known as the HH Ferry route has through history been operated by several shipping lines. more than 70 car ferries departures from each harbour every day.", "Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.", "Fagus hayatae, also known as Taiwan Beech, is a species of beech tree. It can grow tall. Taiwan Beech is the only beech of Taiwan. While IUCN reports it, though similar to \"Fagus lucida\" of China, as endemic to Taiwan, \"\"Flora of China\"\" and \"\"Flora of Taiwan\"\" also report it from China; \"\"Flora of China\"\" reports a wide but discontinuous mainland distribution between Sichuan in the southwest to Zhejiang in the east.", "Tårnby is a town in Denmark, the seat of Tårnby Municipality in the Capital Region of Denmark. It is located approximately south of Copenhagen on the island of Amager. Neighbouring settlements include the Copenhagen suburb of Sundbyvester to the north and Kastrup to the south. Copenhagen Airport is situated to the east of Tårnby. It includes the islets Saltholm and Peberholm.", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Kastrup is a suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark, situated on the east coast of Amager in Tårnby Municipality. It is best known as the site of Copenhagen Airport. In Danish, the airport is often called \"Kastrup Lufthavn\" (Kastrup Airport) or \"Københavns Lufthavn, Kastrup\" (Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup). The population of Kastrup is approximately 43 000.", "Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.", "Tårnby Kommune is a municipality (Danish, \"kommune\") bordering Copenhagen on the island of Amager just south of Zealand (\"Sjælland\") in eastern Denmark. The municipality includes the islands of Saltholm and Peberholm, and covers an area of 65 km². It has a population of 42,179 (1 April 2014). Its mayor is Henrik Zimino, a member of the Social Democrats (\"Socialdemokraterne\") political party.", "The Øresund/Öresund/Oresund Bridge (, , hybrid name: \"\") is a combined railway and motorway bridge across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark. The bridge runs nearly from the Swedish coast to the artificial island Peberholm in the middle of the strait. The crossing is completed by the Drogden Tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager.", "Indre By (lit. English, \"Inner City\"), also known as Copenhagen Center or K or Downtown Copenhagen, is an administrative district (\"by\") in central Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It covers an area of , has a population of 26,223, and a population density of 5,638 per km².", "Helsingør, classically known in English as Elsinore, is a city in eastern Denmark.", "Fagus longipetiolata is a species of plant in the Fagaceae family. It is a tree up to tall found in southern and eastern China and in Vietnam.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "The Capital Region of Denmark is the easternmost administrative region of Denmark, established on January 1, 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which replaced the traditional counties (Danish plural: \"amter\", singular: \"amt\") with five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. The reform was implemented on January 1, 2007.", "The Copenhagen metropolitan area (or Metropolitan Copenhagen) is a large commuter belt (the area in which it is practical to commute to work) surrounding Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It is known to include Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and surrounding municipalities stretching westward across Zealand. It has densely-populated core surrounded by suburban settlements.", "Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.", "An international airport is an airport that offers customs and immigration facilities for passengers travelling between countries. International airports are typically larger than domestic airports and often feature longer runways and facilities to accommodate the heavier aircraft commonly used for international and intercontinental travel. International airports often also host domestic flights. Some, such as Frankfurt Airport in Germany are very large; others such as Fa'a' International Airport in Tahiti, are quite small.", "Malmö is the capital and largest city of the Swedish county of Scania. Malmö is the third largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the 6th biggest city in the Nordic countries, with a population of above 300,000. The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to 700,000 people, and the Øresund Region, which includes Malmö, is home to 3.9 million people.", "Zealand is the largest (7,031 km) and most populated island in Denmark with a population of 2,267,659 (39% of Denmark's total as of January 2016).", "Dragør Kommune is a municipality (Danish, \"kommune\") in Region Hovedstaden on the southern coast of the island of Amager just east of Zealand (\"Sjælland\") in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 18.41 km² (2013), and has a population of 14,028 (1 January 2015). Its mayor is Eik Dahl Bidstrup, a member of the agrarian liberal Venstre (Denmark).", "Saltholm (\"Salt Islet\") is a Danish island in the Øresund, the strait that separates Denmark and Sweden. It is located to the east of the Danish island of Amager in Tårnby municipality and lies just to the west of the sea border between Denmark and Sweden. It is 7 km long and 3 km wide, covering an area of 16 km², making it Denmark's 21st largest island. Saltholm is very flat; its highest point stands only 2 m (6 ft) above sea level, rendering it vulnerable to flooding if persistent east winds cause a tidal surge in the Baltic Sea. It is a relatively new landmass in geological terms, having risen from the sea about 4,000 years ago due to post-glacial rebound, and is surrounded by a large area of shallow water (of 2 m depth or less) that covers an area of . A series of islets, inlets and rock deposits from the last ice age appear at the south end of the island.", "An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.", "Øresund or Öresund is a strait which forms the DanishSwedish border,\nseparating Sjælland (Denmark) from Skåne (Sweden). \nThe strait has a length of and the width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden. ", "Amager ( ( m ) or , especially among older speakers , ( mæ ) ) is a Danish island in the Øresund . The Danish capital , Copenhagen , is partly situated on Amager , which is connected to the much larger island of Zealand by five bridges . Amager also has a connection across the Øresund to Sweden , the Øresund Bridge . Its western part begins with a tunnel from Amager to another Danish island , Peberholm . Copenhagen Airport is located on the island , around 7 km ( 4 mi ) from Copenhagen city centre . Amager is the largest island in the Øresund , and the only one with a large population . As of 2014 , close to 180,000 people live on the island , including its northern tip , Christianshavn . The northern part is included in the Copenhagen municipality . The middle part comprises Tårnby municipality , and Dragør municipality is located on the southeast part of the island . Most of the western part is land that was reclaimed from the sea from the 1930s - 1950s . This enlargement , from the shallow sound towards Zealand , is known as Kalveboderne . The enlargement has never been built - up and its soil is n't suitable for agricultural use . However the area between Dragør town and the airport is cultivated land of high quality . Amager has in the past been referred to as the `` kitchen of Copenhagen '' . At the border of the enlargement there is an old beech forest , Kongelunden ( The King 's Grove ) .", "Fagaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes beeches and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. The Fagaceae are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Leaf characteristics of Fagaceae can be very similar to those of Rosaceae and other rose motif families. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus \"Quercus\", the fruit is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forests in North America, Europe, and Asia and one of the most significant sources of wildlife fodder.", "Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "Dragør is the main town and the seat of the municipal council of Dragør Municipality, (Denmark), which includes the village of Store Magleby.", "Peberholm (\"Pepper Islet\"), is a small artificial island in the Danish part of the Øresund strait, created as part of the Øresund Bridge connecting Denmark with Sweden. Peberholm is close to the small natural island of Saltholm (\"Salt Islet\"), and was named to complement it.", "Fagus orientalis, commonly known as the Oriental beech, is a deciduous tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to Eurasia, in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.", "Christianshavn is a neighbourhood in Copenhagen, Denmark. Part of the Indre By District, it is located on the island of Amager and separated from the rest of the city centre by the Inner Harbour. It was founded in the early 17th century by Christian IV as part of his extension of the fortifications of Copenhagen. Originally, it was laid out as an independent privileged merchant's town with inspiration from Dutch cities but it was soon incorporated into Copenhagen proper. Dominated by canals, it is the part of Copenhagen with the most nautical atmosphere.", "The Øresund or Öresund Region is a transnational metropolitan area in northern Europe, centred around the Øresund strait and the two cities which lie on either side, Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden. The region is connected by the Øresund Bridge, which spans the strait at its southern end, and the HH Ferry route between Elsinore, Denmark (Danish: \"Helsingør\") and Helsingborg, Sweden at the narrowest point of the strait.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup or Copenhagen Airport is the main international airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark, the entire Zealand, the Øresund Region, and a large part of southern Sweden (not only Scania). It is the largest airport in the Nordic countries with 29 million passengers in 2016 and one of the oldest international airports in Europe. It is the third-busiest airport in Northern Europe, and by far the busiest for international travel in Scandinavia." ]

[ "airport", "amager", "arctic ocean", "asia", "baltic sea", "bouvet island", "caribbean", "china", "coast", "copenhagen", "denmark", "estonia", "eurasia", "europe", "funen", "germany", "ireland", "jutland", "mainland", "north america", "northern hemisphere", "russia", "scandinavia", "scandinavian peninsula", "shetland", "south america", "tahiti", "western asia", "zealand", "øresund" ]

[ "The MG Rover Group was the last domestically owned mass-production car manufacturer in the British motor industry. The company was formed when BMW sold the car-making and engine manufacturing assets of the original Rover Group to the Phoenix Consortium in 2000.", "See Austin A40 for other A40 models . The A40 Somerset is an automobile that was produced by Austin from 1952 until 1954 . It replaced the A40 Devon and was quite similar to that body - on - frame car , including using the same 1.2 L straight - 4 pushrod engine . The engine was updated to produce 42 hp ( 31 kW ) , however giving the car a top speed of 69 mph ( 111 km / h ) . The Somerset featured an updated `` Transatlantic '' body style with flowing lines which was designed for export and resembled the larger Austin A70 Hereford . It had two close fitting front seats which could be arranged as a bench seat and featured a four speed column mounted gear change and four wheel hydraulic brakes . The Somerset was initially offered only as a 4 - door saloon , with a 3 - passenger 2 - door convertible , of the same body shape , introduced in late 1952 . The body of the convertible was made by Carbodies of Coventry and the model was marketed as the Austin A40 Somerset Coupé . The convertible differed from the saloon in having separate front seats that folded forward to give access to the rear . The Austin Motor Company in 1953 made a `` special '' version of around 500 Somerset saloons with a more powerful engine , different interior appointments and two - tone paintwork . The Austin Somerset Special had a top speed of 74 mph ( 119 km / h ) while the normal saloon could reach up to 70 mph ( 110 km / h ) . Over 173,000 were sold before the Somerset was replaced by the A40 Cambridge in 1954 . 7243 of them were convertibles", "A truck (United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico and Pakistan; also called a lorry in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore, and India) is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration; smaller varieties may be mechanically similar to some automobiles. Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.", "Body-on-frame is an automobile construction method. Mounting a separate body to a rigid frame that supports the drivetrain was the original method of building automobiles, and continues to this day. Originally frames were made of wood (commonly ash), but steel ladder frames became common in the 1930s. It was replaced by newer unibody designs, but some modern vehicles still use it, most commonly crossover SUVs and pickup trucks.", "The Austin Motor Company Limited was an English manufacturer of motor vehicles, founded in 1905 by Herbert Austin. In 1952 it was merged with Morris Motors Limited in the new holding company British Motor Corporation (BMC) Limited, keeping its separate identity. The marque Austin was used until 1987. The trademark is currently owned by SAIC after being transferred from bankrupt subsidiary Nanjing Automotive which had acquired it with MG Rover Group in July 2005." ]

[ "austin motor company", "bmw", "british motor corporation", "mg rover group", "morris motors", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, as well as its surrounding areas. The region forms the northern arc of the U.S. northeast megalopolis and as such, Greater Boston can be described as either a metropolitan statistical area (MSA), or as a broader combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts, excluding the South Coast region and Cape Cod; while the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Manchester (the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire), Providence (the capital of the U.S. state of Rhode Island), Worcester, Massachusetts (the second largest city in New England), as well as the South Coast region and Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Greater Boston's most impactful contributions to human civilization involve the region's higher education institutions and sports culture. Greater Boston also constitutes a region influential upon American history and industry. The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.", "Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.", "God Lives Underwater was an industrial rock band from rural Perkiomenville, Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia), formed in 1993 by band members David Reilly and Jeff Turzo. God Lives Underwater was originally signed to American Recordings after being discovered by Rick Rubin, who subsequently produced the band's first two albums. Prior to the band's breakup, there were two other members, Andrew McGee and Adam Kary.", "`` All Wrong '' is a song by the band God Lives Underwater . It was originally released on their album Empty in 1995 , resulting in significant airplay . An acoustic version appears on the WAAF ( FM ) compilation CD Unusual Suspects : WAAF Exclusive Live Studio Recordings .", "David Reilly (May 5, 1971 October 16, 2005) was the singer and songwriting/production partner in the electro-rock band God Lives Underwater (GLU), signed by Rick Rubin to American Recordings in 1993.", "Frederick Jay \"Rick\" Rubin (born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer and former co-president of Columbia Records. Along with Russell Simmons, Rubin is the co-founder of Def Jam Records and also established American Recordings. With the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy, and RunD.M.C., Rubin helped popularize hip hop music.", "Industrial rock is a musical genre that fuses industrial music and specific rock subgenres, not to be confused with industrial metal. The early fusions of industrial music and rock were practiced by a handful of post-punk groups, including Chrome, Killing Joke, Swans, Foetus, and Big Black. Artists such as Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson propelled the genre to mainstream status.", "WAAF (107.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Westborough, Massachusetts. It owned by Entercom Communications and it airs a mainstream rock radio format for Greater Boston and Central Massachusetts. The station's studios are located in Boston's Allston district, while its transmitter is on Stiles Hill in Boylston, with a backup in Paxton.", "Jeff Turzo, as singer/programming and songwriting/production partner in the electro-rock band God Lives Underwater (GLU), spent the better part of the 1990s as a producer and touring artist, first signed by Rick Rubin to American Recordings in 1993." ]

[ "american recordings", "columbia records", "island", "killing joke", "record" ]

[ "Monolith Productions (or simply Monolith) is a Kirkland, Washington-based Video game developer founded in October 1994 by Brian Goble, Garrett Price, Paul Renault, Toby Gladwell, Brian Waite and Jace Hall.The Company is known for their games \"Blood\", the \"No One Lives Forever\" series, \"F.E.A.R\" and more recently, \"\". Monolith is also known for the development of the graphical game engine LithTech, which has been used for most of their games and premièred with \"\" in September 1998; they also used Brian Goble's Windows Animation Package 32 engine for their 2D games. Between 1997 and 1999, Monolith also published games, some developed by the studio, some by third parties.", "A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "A game engine is a software framework designed for the creation and development of video games. Developers use them to create games for consoles, mobile devices and personal computers. The core functionality typically provided by a game engine includes a rendering engine (renderer) for 2D or 3D graphics, a physics engine or collision detection (and collision response), sound, scripting, animation, artificial intelligence, networking, streaming, memory management, threading, localization support, scene graph, and may include video support for cinematics. The process of game development is often economized, in large part, by reusing/adapting the same game engine to create different games, or to make it easier to \"port\" games to multiple platforms.", "Survival horror is a subgenre of video games inspired by horror fiction that focuses on survival of the character as the game tries to frighten players with either horror graphics or scary ambience. Although combat can be part of the gameplay, the player is made to feel less in control than in typical action games through limited ammunition, health, speed and vision, or through various obstructions of the player's interaction with the game mechanics. The player is also challenged to find items that unlock the path to new areas and solve puzzles to proceed in the game. Games make use of strong horror themes, like dark maze-like environments and unexpected attacks from enemies.", "Windows 9x is a generic term referring to a series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, which were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS, both of which were updated in subsequent versions. This includes all versions of Windows 95 and Windows 98. Windows ME is sometimes included.", "Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT, Windows Embedded and Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product, unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile.", "F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first - person shooter developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F.3.A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago - Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions . The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl . F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on Game Rankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half - Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live - action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .", "Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.", "A document is a written, drawn, presented or recorded representation of thoughts. Originating from the Latin \"Documentum\" meaning lesson - the verb doce means to teach, and is pronounced similarly, in the past it was usually used as a term for a written proof used as evidence. In the computer age, a document is usually used to describe a primarily textual file, along with its structure and design, such as fonts, colors and additional images.", "An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.", "LithTech is a game engine which was initially developed by Monolith Productions in collaboration with Microsoft. Monolith later formed a separate company, LithTech Inc., to deal with further advancements of the engine technology and currently, after a change of its corporate identity, LithTech Inc. is known as Touchdown Entertainment.", "The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated as PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4, 2000 in Japan, October 26, 2000 in North America, November 24, 2000 in Europe, and November 17, 2000 in Australia. It competed with Sega's Dreamcast, Microsoft's Xbox, and Nintendo's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles.", "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. The Xbox 360 competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).", "The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.", "A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.", "IBM PC compatible computers are those similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to run the same software and support the same expansion cards as those. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. They duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by IBM's choice of commodity hardware components and various manufacturers' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS firmware using a \"clean room design\" technique. Columbia Data Products built the first clone of the IBM personal computer by a clean room implementation of its BIOS.", "F.E.A.R. Extraction Point is an expansion pack for the psychological horror first-person shooter video game \"F.E.A.R.\", published by Sierra Entertainment and developed by TimeGate Studios (rather than Monolith Productions, the developers of \"F.E.A.R.\"). It was released on October 24, 2006 for Microsoft Windows and requires the full original game in order to be played. Also, a stand-alone single player demo has been previously released. The expansion was ported to the Xbox 360 and released as part of the F.E.A.R. Files package on November 6, 2007.", "The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch. Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012. Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013. Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.", "A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre, television, music, or video game that continues the story of, or expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work." ]

[ "artificial intelligence", "computer", "lithtech", "playstation 2", "vision", "wii", "xbox 360" ]

[ "Rick Dangerous is a series of two platform games released by Core Design (who would later make \"Tomb Raider\") in the 1980s.", "Chuck Rock is a 1991 slapstick side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Core Design for the Atari ST and Amiga computers. A Commodore 64 port followed in and an Amiga CD32 version in 1994 The game was subsequently published by Krisalis Software for the Acorn Archimedes. Virgin Interactive published the game for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, Sega Master System, and the Sega Game Gear. Sony Imagesoft published the game for the Sega Mega-CD, Nintendo SNES, and Game Boy.", "The , stylized as NINTENDO and often referred to as N64, is Nintendo's third home video game console for the international market. Named for its 64-bit central processing unit, it was released in June 1996 in Japan, September 1996 in North America, March 1997 in Europe and Australia, September 1997 in France and December 1997 in Brazil. It is the industry's last major successive home console to use the cartridge as its primary storage format, as all succeeding home consoles up until the Nintendo Switch used an optical format. In addition, current handheld systems (such as the PlayStation Vita and Nintendo 3DS) also use cartridges. While the Nintendo 64 was succeeded by Nintendo's MiniDVD-based GameCube in November 2001, the consoles remained available until the system was retired in late 2003.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "James Newell Osterberg, Jr., known professionally as Iggy Pop (born April 21, 1947), is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, and is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics.", "Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Core Design Ltd. (stylised as CORE Design) was a British video game developer best known for \"Chuck Rock\", \"Rick Dangerous\" and \"Tomb Raider\" franchises. It was owned by British publisher Eidos Interactive for most of its history. The studio closed in 2006.", "Tomb Raider, styled as Lara Croft: Tomb Raider between 2001 and 2007, is a media franchise that originated with an action-adventure video game series created by British gaming company Core Design. Formerly owned by Eidos Interactive, then by Square Enix after their acquisition of Eidos in 2009, the franchise focuses on an English archaeologist-adventurer Lara Croft, who travels around the world searching for lost artefacts and infiltrating dangerous tombs and ruins. Croft was created by a team at Core Design that included Toby Gard. The gameplay generally focuses around action-adventure exploration of environments, solving puzzles, navigating hostile environments filled with traps, and fighting numerous enemies.", "Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on a variety of natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.", "Beat 'Em Up, recorded at Hit Factory Criteria studios in Miami Beach, Florida, is the first Iggy Pop album in which The Trolls were credited. The Trolls were: Iggy Pop, Whitey Kirst, Pete Marshall, Alex Kirst and Lloyd 'Mooseman' Roberts.", "Eidos Interactive Ltd. was a British software technology developer and video game publisher, now operating as Square Enix Europe. The company was headquartered in the Wimbledon Bridge House in Wimbledon, London Borough of Merton. The company has had offices all around the world, including the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Australia and Japan.", "Fighting Force ( known in Japan as Metal Fist ( ) ) is a 1997 3D beat ' em up developed by Core Design and published by Eidos in the same lines of classics such as Final Fight and Streets of Rage . It was released for the PlayStation , Windows and Nintendo 64 . The game was originally devised by Core Design as Streets of Rage 4 to be published by Sega exclusively for the Saturn . Sega pulled the Streets of Rage name during development after a disagreement with Core about porting it to rival formats .", "The is a home video game console released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14, 2001; in North America on November 18, 2001; in Europe on May 3, 2002; and in Australia on May 17, 2002. The sixth-generation console is the successor to the Nintendo 64 and competed with Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox." ]

[ "actor", "atari", "brazil", "century", "core design", "eidos interactive", "english", "europe", "germany", "japan", "nintendo", "north america", "russia", "sony", "sony computer entertainment", "square enix", "taiwan", "the atlantic" ]

[ "Nicolas Jack Roeg (born 15 August 1928) is an English film director and cinematographer.", "Domiziana Giordano (born 4 September 1959) is an artist, actress, photographer and video artist. Domiziana has played the lead role in films directed by Nicolas Roeg, Jean-Luc Godard, Andrei Tarkovsky, Mauro Bolognini, Neil Jordan, Ken McMullen and many others.", "Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (4 April 1932 29 December 1986) was a Soviet filmmaker, writer, film editor, film theorist, theatre and opera director.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Leon Trotsky (; born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; 21 August 1940) was a Marxist revolutionary and theorist, a Soviet politician who engineered the transfer of all political power to the Soviets with the October Revolution of 1917, and the founding leader of the Red Army.", "Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.", "Aeschylus (or ; \"Aiskhulos\" c. 525/524 c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Academics' knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in theater allowing conflict among them; characters previously had interacted only with the chorus.", "Mauro Bolognini (28 June 1922 14 May 2001) was an Italian film and stage director of literate sensibility, known for his masterly handling of period subject matter.", "Zinaida Lvovna Volkova (née Bronsteina 27 March 1901 5 January 1933) was a Russian Marxist. She was Leon Trotsky's first daughter by his first wife, Aleksandra Sokolovskaya. She was raised by her aunt Yelizaveta, sister of Trotsky, after their parents divorced. Her younger sister, Niña, stayed with her mother.", "The Drama Desk Awards are presented annually by The Drama Desk Organisation, and were first awarded in 1955 to recognize excellence in New York theatre productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway. Broadway productions were excluded until the 196869 award season. The awards are considered a significant American theatre distinction.", "Adlerian pertains to the theory and practice of Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937), whose school of psychotherapy is called individual psychology (\"Individualpsychologie\").", "Individual psychology is the psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2002). The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly in 19121914, and covers the whole range of human psychology in a single survey, intended to mirror the indivisible unity of the personality.", "Sir Ian Murray McKellen, (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BIF Award, two Saturn Awards, four Drama Desk Awards and two Critics' Choice Awards. He has also received two Oscar nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations.", "Jean-Luc Godard (born 3 December 1930) is a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter and film critic. He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement \"La Nouvelle Vague\", or \"New Wave\".", "The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (: RKKA, frequently shortened in Russian to ; KA, in English: Red Army also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch - Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of \"Soviet Army\", until its dissolution in December 1991.", "Arthur Kronfeld (January 9, 1886 October 16, 1941) was a renowned German-Jewish psychiatrist, and eventually a professor at the University of Berlin. Later in life, Kronfeld took up an important position in Moscow. On 10 October 1936, an exchange between Kronfeld and fellow exiled German-Jewish psychiatrist, James Lewin, was recorded in the proceedings of a meeting of the Moscow Society of Neuropathology and Psychiatry. Later, Kronfeld and his wife committed suicide at the approach of German troops.", "James Lewin (28 October 1887 in Berlin - 31 December 1937 in Chelyabinsk, USSR) was a German-Jewish psychiatrist and physician.", "The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. Originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984.", "Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, and it heavily influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.", "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.", "Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, (22 May 1907 11 July 1989) was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles. Late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles.", "The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.", "Euripides (or ; ) (c. 480 c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the \"Suda\" it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there has been debate about his authorship of \"Rhesus\", largely on stylistic grounds) and there are also fragments, some substantial, of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander.", "Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya (1872 c. 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Leon Trotsky's first wife. She perished in the Great Purges no earlier than 1938.", "Alfred W. Adler (February 7, 1870 May 28, 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis on the importance of feelings of inferioritythe inferiority complexis recognized as an isolating element which plays a key role in personality development. Alfred Adler considered human beings as an individual whole, therefore he called his psychology \"Individual Psychology\" (Orgler 1976).", "Brandenburg (Lower Sorbian: \"Bramborska\") is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany. It lies in the northeast of the country covering an area of 29,478 square kilometers and has 2.48 million inhabitants. The capital and largest city is Potsdam. Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state Berlin forming a metropolitan area.", "The October Revolution, officially known in the Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution , and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October (7 November, New Style) 1917.", "Sophocles (\"Sophokls\", ; 497/6 winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: \"Ajax\", \"Antigone\", \"The Women of Trachis\", \"Oedipus the King\", \"Electra\", \"Philoctetes\" and \"Oedipus at Colonus\". For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 18, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 14 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 5 competitions.", "Neil Patrick Jordan (born 25 February 1950) is an Irish film director, screenwriter, novelist and short-story writer. His first book, \"Night in Tunisia\", won a Somerset Maugham Award and the Guardian Fiction Prize in 1979. He won an Academy Award (Best Original Screenplay) for \"The Crying Game\" (1992). He also won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the Berlin International Film Festival for \"The Butcher Boy\" (1997).", "Zina ( 1985 ) is an award - winning film by director Ken McMullen . It tells a story of a twentieth century Antigone , Zinaida Volkova ( Domiziana Giordano ) , daughter of Leon Trotsky . In 1930s Berlin , Zina is being treated by the adlerian psychotherapist Professor Arthur Kronfeld ( Ian McKellen ) . During this psychoanalysis , which includes some hypnosis , she recalls incidents both from her own life and that of her father , as a leader of the Russian Revolution , as the holder of state power and later in exile . Against the background of the progressive deterioration of the situation in Europe , threatened by the rise of fascism and the spectre of the Second World War , Zina 's identification with Antigone becomes more and more credible . What were her hallucinations begin to take objective form on the streets . The dynamics of Greek tragedy , always waiting in the wings , step forward to take control . Zina has won many awards and is regarded by many as one of the great political motion pictures ." ]

[ "10", "11", "14", "14 may 2001", "15", "16", "18", "1870", "1872", "1886", "19", "1912", "1917", "1922", "1925", "1928", "1936", "1937", "1938", "1940", "1941", "1950", "1955", "1959", "1976", "1979", "1984", "1986", "1992", "1999", "2", "2002", "2012", "2015", "21", "22", "25", "27", "28", "3", "4", "525", "6", "8", "9", "december 1991", "january 1933", "july 1989" ]

[ "Paul Anthony Lennon (born 8 October 1955) is an Australian Labor Party politician. He was Premier of Tasmania from 21 March 2004 until his resignation on 26 May 2008. He was member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly for the seat of Franklin from 1990 until officially resigning on 27 May 2008. He left office abruptly after his preferred premier rating fell to 17%, largely as a result of perceptions of corruption in his government's fast-tracked approval of the Gunns Bell Bay Pulp Mill proposal, which had effectively bypassed normal planning procedure.", "Michael Anthony Aird AM ( born 12 April 1949 in Melbourne ) is a former Tasmanian politician . He was an ALP member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council in the Division of Derwent since 1995 . From 2006 to 2010 , he was the treasurer of Tasmania , one of few legislative councillors in history to have held a ministerial portfolio . He took over the role of Treasurer from Paul Lennon after the 2006 state election . He was Government leader in the Legislative Council from 1998 to 2006 . Aird first entered parliament in 1979 , as a member of the House of Assembly seat of Franklin . He was a member from 1979 until 1986 , and then again from 1989 until 1995 . During this time , he held many ministerial positions , including Environment , Industrial Relations , Employment , and Education . When Labor member Charles Batt retired in 1995 , Aird successfully contested election in the seat of Derwent . He was re-elected in 1997 , 2003 , and 2009 . On 9 November 2010 , Aird announced that he was retiring from politics and that he would step down as Treasurer and as a Legislative Council member on 6 December . Aird is a board member of the New Norfolk football club , and his interests include sport and the arts . In 2016 Aird was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for significant service to the Parliament and community of Tasmania , particularly to infrastructure development and microeconomic reform .", "The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Tasmania in Australia. The other is the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Hobart. It is a unique parliamentary chamber in Australian politics in that it is the only chamber in any state parliament that is majority non partisan, with only 4 of 15 current MLCs being endorsed representatives of a political party.", "The House of Assembly, or Lower House, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Tasmania in Australia. The other is the Legislative Council or Upper House. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Hobart.", "The Parliament of Tasmania consists of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, Tasmanian Legislative Council and the Monarch represented by the Governor of Tasmania. ", "The Australian Labor Party (ALP, also Labor, was Labour before 1912) is a political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at federal level since the 2013 election. Bill Shorten has been the party's federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a federal party with branches in each state and territory. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and in the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state (and sometimes local) levels.", "The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south-east of Melbourne, Australia. It is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west, Western Port to the east and Bass Strait to the south, and is connected to the mainland in the north. Geographically, the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and Frankston. The area was originally home to the \"Mayone-bulluk\" and \"Boonwurrung-Balluk\" clans and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation's territory prior to European settlement.", "The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly will nominate its leader to be Premier. The nominated politician is then invited by the Governor of Tasmania to act as their principal adviser.", "The Bell Bay Pulp Mill, also known as the Tamar Valley Pulp Mill or Gunns Pulp Mill, is a proposed $2.3 billion pulp mill which Gunns Limited was planning to build in the Tamar Valley, near Launceston, Tasmania.", "Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia. The name \"Melbourne\" refers to an urban agglomeration spanning which comprises the broader metropolitan area, as well as being the common name for its city centre. The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. Melbourne consists of 31 municipalities. It has a population of 4,529,500 , and its inhabitants are called Melburnians." ]

[ "3", "4", "governor", "legislative council", "member of the tasmanian house of assembly", "monarch", "opposition", "politician", "premier of tasmania", "prior" ]

[ "Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.", "South Ruislip is an area of west London in the London Borough of Hillingdon.", "The London Borough of Hillingdon is the westernmost borough in Greater London, England which had a population of 273,936 according to the 2011 Census. It was formed from the districts of Hayes and Harlington, Ruislip-Northwood, Uxbridge, and Yiewsley and West Drayton in the historic county of Middlesex. Today, Hillingdon is home to Heathrow Airport and Brunel University, and is the second largest of the 32 London boroughs by area.", "Chiltern Railways is a British train operating company owned by Arriva UK Trains that has operated the Chiltern Railways franchise since July 1996. It operates commuter/regional rail passenger services from its Central London terminus at London Marylebone along the M40 corridor to destinations in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire, as well as long-distance services to the West Midlands along two routes. Services on the Chiltern Main Line run from London Marylebone to Birmingham Snow Hill, Stratford-upon-Avon and Oxford, with some peak-hour services to Kidderminster.", "Buckinghamshire (or ), abbreviated Bucks, is a county in South East England which borders Greater London to the south east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north east and Hertfordshire to the east.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "The Chiltern Main Line is an inter-urban, regional and commuter railway, part of the British railway system. It links London and Birmingham (Moor Street & Snow Hill), the United Kingdom's two largest cities, by a route via High Wycombe, Banbury, and Leamington Spa. ", "Oxfordshire (or ; abbreviated Oxon) is a county in South East England bordering on Warwickshire (to the north/north-west), Northamptonshire (to the north/north-east), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the south-west) and Gloucestershire (to the west).", "London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "Warwickshire (or ) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.", "Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.", "Warwick is the county town of Warwickshire, England. The town lies upon the River Avon, south of Coventry and just west of Leamington Spa and Whitnash with which it is conjoined. At the 2011 United Kingdom census, it had a population of 31,345.", "A train operating company (TOC) is a business operating passenger trains on the railway system of Great Britain under the collective National Rail brand. TOCs have existed since the privatisation of the network under the Railways Act 1993.", "Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.", "The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It also flows through Oxford (where it is called Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains the whole of Greater London. ", "The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The assembly was established in 2000 and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames, close to Tower Bridge. The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners (transport, environmental matters, etc.), publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.", "Arriva is a multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England. It was established in 1938 as TCowie and through a number of mergers and acquisitions was rebranded Arriva in 1997 and became a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn in 2010. Arriva operates bus, coach, train, tram and waterbus services in 14 countries across Europe. As at December 2015 it employed 55,000 people and operated 2.2 billion passenger journeys annually. It operates as three divisions: UK Bus, UK Rail and Mainland Europe.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.", "The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground, or by its nickname the Tube) is a public rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.", "South Ruislip is a station served by London Underground and Chiltern Railways in South Ruislip in west London . The station is owned , managed and staffed by London Underground . The station is in Travelcard Zone 5 .", "Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) was a county in southeast England that is now mostly part of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring counties. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon system from the territory of the Middle Saxons, and existed as an official unit until 1965. The historic county included land stretching north of the River Thames from east to west of the City of London with the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills as the other boundaries. The largely low-lying county, dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south, was the second smallest by area in 1831.", "Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, with a population in 2014 of 1,101,360. The city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birmingham's metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million. This also makes Birmingham the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Europe.", "Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. Unlike buses or trams, rapid transit systems are electric railways that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles of any sort, and which is often grade separated in tunnels or on elevated railways.", "Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around  43. Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century.", "Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, on the River Avon, north west of London, south east of Birmingham, and south west of Warwick. The estimated population in 2007 was 25,505, increasing to 27,445 at the 2011 Census.", "Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.", "Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west, East Sussex to the south west, and Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north. The county town is Maidstone. ", "The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster). ", "Arriva UK Trains Limited is the company that oversees Arriva's train operating companies in the United Kingdom. It gained its first franchises in February 2000. These were later lost, though several others were gained. In January 2010, with the take-over of Arriva by Deutsche Bahn, Arriva UK Trains also took over the running of those formerly overseen by DB Regio UK Limited. After taking control of the Northern franchise, Arriva UK Trains now operates almost a quarter of all British train operating companies, more than rivals FirstGroup and Stagecoach." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "birmingham", "buckinghamshire", "cambridgeshire", "central", "centre", "chiltern", "east of england", "england", "europe", "european union", "greater london", "hampshire", "hertfordshire", "high wycombe", "hill", "ireland", "isle of wight", "japan", "java", "kent", "kingdom of great britain", "london", "london borough of hillingdon", "mainland", "middlesex", "north", "north east", "northamptonshire", "northwest", "northwood", "of", "oxford", "oxfordshire", "reading", "river", "road", "schengen", "scotland", "south", "southampton", "split", "stratford", "sunderland", "surrey", "sussex", "united kingdom", "wales", "warwick", "warwickshire", "west midlands", "west sussex", "westminster", "wiltshire", "wycombe" ]

[ "Swedish Livonia was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721. The territory, which constituted the southern part of modern Estonia (including the island of Ösel ceded by Denmark after the Treaty of Brömsebro) and the northern part of modern Latvia (the Vidzeme region), represented the conquest of the major part of the Polish-Lithuanian Duchy of Livonia during the 16001629 Polish-Swedish War. Parts of Livonia and the city of Riga were under Swedish control as early as 1621 and the situation was formalized in Truce of Altmark 1629, but the whole territory was not ceded formally until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660. The minority part of the Wenden Voivodeship retained by the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth was renamed the Inflanty Voivodeship (\"\"Livonian Principality\"\"), which today corresponds to the Latgale region of Latvia.", "Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "Burtnieki is a village (population 488) in Burtnieki parish, North Latvia, near the Lake Burtnieks. Administrative center of Burtnieki municipality. Burtnieki was first mentioned in Indrikis chronicles in 1208 and has several historic sites: Burtnieki castle-ruins, Burtnieki manor and Burtnieki church.", "A fish is any member of a group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered obsolete or paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry). Because in this manner the term \"fish\" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology. The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.", "Vidzeme is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. Literally meaning \"the Middle Land\" it is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German it is also known as \"Livland\"- German form from Latin \"Livonia\", though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia.", "The terms Baltic region, Baltic Rim countries, and Baltic Rim refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea.", "The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: ), commonly the Teutonic Order (', ' or \"\"), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order in the 12th century (c. 1190) in Acre. Purely religious since 1929, it still confers limited honorary knighthoods.", "The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. It was later a member of the Livonian Confederation, from 1435 to 1561.", "Burtnieki Castle ( German : Schloss Burtneck ; Estonian : Asti ordulinnus ) is a castle in the historical region of Vidzeme , in northern Latvia . It was built on the south shore of Lake Burtnieks for the Livonian Order around 1284 .", "Sandstone (sometimes known as arenite) is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.", "Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators that are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.", "The Gulf of Riga, Bay of Riga, or Gulf of Livonia is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.", "Livonia (, German and Scandinavian languages: \"\", Latvian and , , archaic English \"Livland\", \"Liwlandia\"), a historic region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida (in present-day Latvia). The most prominent ruler of ancient Livonia, Caupo of Turaida, died in 1217.", "Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.", "The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations, or simply, the Baltics, are the three countries in northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Baltic states cooperate on a regional level in several intergovernmental organizations.", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Lake Burtnieks is the fourth largest lake in Latvia. It is shallow with an average depth of 2.9 m. The lake bed is mainly sandy, in places a little muddy. In the southeast part of the lake there is Devoniansandstone rock. The lake has 17 species of fish, such as minnows, salmon, chubs, eels, and pike, and there are areas for duck hunting. The banks are shallow and sandy, but along the southern coast, waves have carved sandstone cliffs. After the regulation of the Salaca river in 1929, the lake level dropped by a metre, and many of the exposed shallows grew covered with reeds and algae. The lake contains three islands with a total area of 14,000 m². The lake lies entirely within the Northern Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve. Small streams from Latvia and Estonia; the Aunupte, Bauupte, Briedes upe, Dres upe, inupe, Rjas upe, and Sedas upe flow into the lake. Lake Burtnieks is the source of 95 km long Salaca river, which flows out of the northwest corner into the Gulf of Riga. In ancient times, the lake was known as Astijärv or Aster, when northern Vidzeme was inhabited by the Livonian people. The lake is a major setting of the Latvian national epic Lplsis, and appears in many Latvian folklore stories. A few small villages cling to the coast today, the largest of which is Burtnieki.", "A lake is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are also larger and deeper than ponds, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which are usually flowing. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams.", "Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.", "Duck is the common name for a large number of species in the waterfowl family Anatidae, which also includes swans and geese. The ducks are divided among several subfamilies in the family Anatidae; they do not represent a monophyletic group (the group of all descendants of a single common ancestral species) but a form taxon, since swans and geese are not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than the swans and geese, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water.", "The Salaca is a river in northern Latvia. It flows from Lake Burtnieks in Vidzeme, 90 km, to the Gulf of Riga. The river flows through three towns, Mazsalaca, Staicele and Salacgrva. The riverbanks feature Devonian red sandstone cliffs, and many caves and rapids as well. The Salaca is one of the best salmon rivers in all of Latvia.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency." ]

[ "basin", "belarus", "belgium", "best", "bony", "burtnieki municipality", "burtnieki parish", "center", "earth", "east", "estonia", "european union", "greece", "greenland", "gulf", "iceland", "ireland", "isle of man", "jerusalem", "kaliningrad", "kaliningrad oblast", "kingdom of denmark", "lakes", "latvia", "lithuania", "livonia", "mary", "minsk", "moscow", "north", "northern", "northwest", "of", "poland", "polotsk", "riga", "river", "rock", "russia", "russian empire", "samara", "slovakia", "slovenia", "south", "southwest", "sweden", "ukraine", "west" ]

[ "Glenn Field is the former home field for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets fast pitch softball team located in Midtown Atlanta , Georgia . Glenn Field was built in 1987 and has a capacity of 500 spectators . Glenn Field is one of the two Tech sports facilities off campus being located adjacent to Atlantic Station . The field dimensions are 190 feet to left and right fields and 220 feet to center field . Tech holds a 247 - 153 - 2 record at home ( 0.614 winning percentage ) . The current field is Shirley C. Mewborn field .", "The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) is a volunteer, non-profit organization based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was founded in 1933 with a tournament held in Chicago that was organized by Leo Fischer and Michael J. Pauley. The following year the 1934 National Recreation Congress recognized the ASA. Shortly afterward the ASA was located in Newark, New Jersey. A world amateur softball tournament was held by the ASA at Chicago's Soldier Field that started on September 7, 1939. The ASA moved to Oklahoma City on January 1, 1966.", "The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is defined as the area of 1 chain by 1 furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to of a square mile, 43,560 square feet, approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare.", "The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets is the name used for all of the intercollegiate athletic teams that play for the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), located in Atlanta, Georgia. The teams have also been nicknamed the Ramblin' Wreck, Engineers, Blacksmiths and Golden Tornado. There are eight men's and seven women's teams that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision. Georgia Tech is a member of the Coastal Division in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is a collegiate athletic conference in the United States of America in which its fifteen member universities compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports. The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions' athletic programs held in high regard nationally.", "The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, and helps more than 450,000 college student-athletes who compete annually in college sports. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. In 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. This revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States.", "Midtown is the second largest business district in the city of Atlanta, situated between the commercial and financial districts of Downtown to the south and Buckhead to the north. In 2011, Greater Midtown (see below) has a 2011 resident population of 41,681, a workplace population of 81,418, and a student population of 26,500. The district attracts about six million visitors annually.", "The Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech is the 1930 Ford Model A Sport coupe that serves as the official mascot of the student body at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The Wreck is present at all major sporting events and student body functions. Its most noticeable role is leading the football team into Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field, a duty which the Wreck has performed since 1961. The Ramblin' Wreck is mechanically and financially maintained on campus by students in Ramblin' Reck Club.", "Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.", "Atlantic Station is a neighborhood on the northwestern edge of Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States comprising a retail district, office space, condominiums, townhomes and apartment buildings. First planned in the mid-1990s and officially opened in 2005, the neighborhood's 138 acres (558,000 m²) are located on the former brownfield site of the Atlantic Steel mill.", "A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game. The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) governs the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships. The World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) regulates rules of play in more than 110 countries, including the United States and Canada; before the WBSC was formed in 2013, the International Softball Federation filled this role. Women's fastpitch softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996, but it (and baseball) were dropped from the 2012 Games; they will be reinstated for the 2020 Games." ]

[ "acre", "atlanta", "chicago", "city", "georgia", "georgia institute of technology", "indiana", "indianapolis", "new jersey", "united states of america" ]

[ "The British and Irish Lions is a rugby union team selected from players eligible for any of the Home Unions the national sides of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The \"Lions\" are a Test side, and generally select international players, but they can pick uncapped players available to any one of the four unions. The side tours every four years, with these rotating among Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The 2009 Test series was lost 21 to South Africa, while the 2013 Test series was won 21 over Australia.", "Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and Bellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. Residents of Sydney are known as \"Sydneysiders\". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in Sydney.", "Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as \"Tassie\") is an island state of the Commonwealth of Australia. It is located to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands. The state has a population of around 518,500, just over forty percent of which resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "Papua New Guinea (PNG Hiri Motu: \"Papua Niu Gini\"), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua.", "Canberra (or )\nis the capital city of Australia. With a population of 381,488, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a \"Canberran\".", "East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: \"Timór Lorosa'e\"), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor; the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco; and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. The country's size is about 15,410 km (5,400 sq mi).", "Paul Michael Dean ( born 28 June 1960 ) is a former Irish international rugby union player . He toured Australia in 1989 with the British and Irish Lions and at the time played club rugby for St. Mary 's College RFC .", "New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.", "Vanuatu (or ; Bislama ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (Bislama: \"Ripablik blong Vanuatu\"), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji." ]

[ "australia", "british", "east timor", "england", "fiji", "guinea", "indonesia", "ireland", "new caledonia", "new zealand", "solomon islands", "south africa", "tasmania", "vanuatu", "wales" ]

[ "Gorakhpur division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Gorakhpur is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of districts of Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Deorria, and Maharajganj.", "Kanpur (; formerly Cawnpore) is the 12th most populous city in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district and Kanpur division. It is the second largest industrial town in north India, following Delhi. ", "Raebareli is a city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raebareli District. The town is situated at the bank of the Sai river, , 82 km southeast of Lucknow. It possesses many architectural features and sites, chief of which is a strong and spacious fort erected .", "Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: , \"Mnak Hind\") or simply Hindi (Devanagari: , \"Hind\"), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India, and is the \"lingua franca\" of the Hindi belt languages. Outside India, Hindi is an official language in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.", "Uttar Pradesh (Hindi : ), abbreviated as UP, is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces during British rule, and was renamed \"Uttar Pradesh\" in 1950. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Ghaziabad, Bulandshahr, Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Raebareli, Moradabad, Bareilly, Aligarh, Sonbhadra, and Varanasi are known for their industrial importance in the state. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the Himalayan hill region of Uttar Pradesh. The state in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent has over 200 million inhabitants.", "Gorakhpur is a city located along the banks of Rapti river in the north-eastern parts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located near the Nepal border, 273 kilometres east of the state capital Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarter of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. The city is home to the Gorakshanath Temple (Gorakhnath Math).", "Gorakhpur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in India. Gorakhpur is the one of the major and largest districts of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the district.", "GIDA Sahjanwa is industrial area of Gorakhpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh . It is fast developing an industrial area abbreviated as GIDA with many factories , including IGL , Parle and ARP , as well as power looms , plywood and the only jute mill in Uttar Pradesh . In shortly Sahjanwa is also called GIDA and within this area there are two small railway station ( i.e. , Sahjanwa and Sihapar ) which are very helpful for the transportation of goods for the all industries . It is not only an industrial hub but also an educational hub for engineering students , skill development training and industrial training .", "Bulandshahr is a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bulandshahr District. This city is part of the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). According to Government of India, the district Bulandshahr is one of the Hindu Concentrated District in India on the basis of the 2011 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators. The distance between Bulandshahr and New Delhi is 75 km and it takes 1 hour 26 mins to reach there.", "Lucknow is the largest and capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. A major metropolitan city of India, Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous District and Division and the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the second largest city in north India, after Delhi\n. It is also the largest city in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries. It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry.", "The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent, also called Indian continent, is a southern region of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geologically, the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago. Geographically, it is the peninsular region in south-central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east. Politically, the Indian subcontinent usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.", "Bareilly is a city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Located on the Ramganga, it is the capital of Bareilly division and the geographical region of Rohilkhand. The city is north of the state capital, Lucknow, and east of the national capital, New Delhi. Bareilly is the fourth city in Uttar Pradesh with compressed natural gas (CNG) filling stations (after Lucknow, Kanpur and Agra). It is the seventh-largest metropolis in Uttar Pradesh and the 50th-largest city in India. Bareilly also figured amongst the PM Narendra Modi's ambitious 100 Smart City list in India.", "Uttarakhand,, formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the \"Devbhumi\" (literally: \"Land of the Gods\") due to many Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for its natural beauty of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, this 27th state of the Republic of India was created from the Himalayan and adjoining northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders the Tibet on the north; the Mahakali Zone of the Far-Western Region, Nepal on the east; and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west as well as Haryana to its south-western corner. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The interim capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city in the region, which is a railhead. The High Court of the state is in Nainital.", "Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language. ", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Allahabad, also known as Prayag is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Allahabad District, the most populous district in the state. The city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh with Allahabad High Court being the highest judicial body in the state. As of 2011, Allahabad is the in the state, twelfth in the Northern India and thirty-sixth in India, with an estimated population of 1.11 million in the city and 1.21 million in its metropolitan region. In 2011 it was ranked the world's 130th fastest-growing city. Allahabad, in 2013, was ranked the third most liveable city in the state (after Noida and Lucknow) and twenty-ninth in the country.", "The Gorakhnath Nath (Gorakhnath Mutt) is a temple of the Nath monastic group in the Nath tradition. The name Gorakhnath derives from the medieval saint, Gorakhnath (c. 11th century), a famous yogi who travelled widely across India and authored a number of texts that form part of the canon of the Nath sampradaya. The Nath tradition was founded by guru Matsyendranath.This math is situated in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh within a large premises.The temple performs various cultural and social activities and serves as the cultural hub of the city.", "Moradabad is a city, commissionary, and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1625A.D. by Rustam Khan and is named after prince Murad Baksh, the son of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.", "Guru Gorakshanath (also known as Gorakhnath; estimated c. early 11th century) was an influential founder of the Nath Hindu monastic movement in India. He is considered as one of the two notable disciples of Matsyendranath. His followers are found in India's Himalayan states, the western and central states and the Gangetic plains as well as in Nepal. These followers are called yogis, \"Gorakhnathi\", \"Darshani\" or \"Kanphata\"." ]

[ "aligarh", "allahabad", "allahabad district", "allahabad high court", "banks", "bhutan", "capital region", "central", "chennai", "delhi", "district", "earth", "ghaziabad", "gorakhpur district", "gorakhpur division", "guyana", "hill", "himachal pradesh", "hyderabad", "india", "indian", "indian ocean", "indonesia", "kanpur", "kathmandu", "kolkata", "lucknow", "mauritius", "most", "national capital region", "nepal", "new delhi", "north india", "northern", "northern region", "of", "raebareli district", "river", "south", "southern region", "southwest", "temple", "the nation", "uttar pradesh", "uttarakhand", "west" ]

[ "Jonny Vang is a Norwegian film from 2003 . It was directed by Jens Lien after a script by Ståle Stein Berg . The music was composed by the band Calexico . The plot is a drama - comedy from the Norwegian countryside , where the protagonist Jonny Vang is frustrated in his efforts to prosper as a breeder of earthworms . The film was reasonably well received by critics , and was awarded an Amanda Award for `` Best Actor '' in 2003 .", "Jens Lien (born 14 September 1967) is a Norwegian film director. He graduated from the London International Film School in 1993. His graduation project was the short film \"Montana\", that was featured at the short film festival in Grimstad that year. in 1995 he again participated in this festival, with the entry \"Mitt elektriske kjøkken\" (My Electrical Kitchen). Lien went on to make the short films \"Døren som ikke smakk\" (Shut the Door, 2000) and \"Naturlige Briller\" (Natural Glasses, 2001). Both of these films were based on scripts by Per Schreiner, and both were featured at the Cannes International Film Festival. In addition to this Lien has also made a number of advertisements.", "Grimstad is a town and municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. It belongs to the geographical region of Sørlandet. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Grimstad. Other notable places in Grimstad include Eide, Fevik, Fjære, Landvik, Prestegårdskogen, Reddal, and Roresanden." ]

[ "london", "norway" ]

[ "A warship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant ships. Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship typically carries only weapons, ammunition and supplies for its crew. Warships usually belong to a navy, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations.", "Algeria (' \"Dzayer\"), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "Armed merchantman is a term that has come to mean a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in long distance and high value trade. The most famous of this type were the East Indiamen able to defeat regular warships in battle (see Battle of Pulo Aura).", "Abdelaziz Bouteflika (\"Abd al-Azz Btaflka\" ; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1979. As President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.", "Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over . The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (90%) are Muslims.", "Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship- or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties. Those who engage in acts of piracy are called pirates. The earliest documented instances of piracy were in the 14th century BC, when the Sea Peoples, a group of ocean raiders, attacked the ships of the Aegean and Mediterranean civilizations. Narrow channels which funnel shipping into predictable routes have long created opportunities for piracy, as well as for privateering and commerce raiding. Historic examples include the waters of Gibraltar, the Strait of Malacca, Madagascar, the Gulf of Aden, and the English Channel, whose geographic strictures facilitated pirate attacks. A land-based parallel is the ambushing of travelers by bandits and brigands in highways and mountain passes. Privateering uses similar methods to piracy, but the captain acts under orders of the state authorizing the capture of merchant ships belonging to an enemy nation, making it a legitimate form of war-like activity by non-state actors.", "The Auxiliary cruiser Mar Negro was an armed merchantman of the Nationalist Spanish navy during the Spanish Civil War . The cargo ship was launched in 1930 along with her sister ship Mar Cantábrico , and after five years on the Compañía Marítima Del Nervión company , she was first requisitioned by the Spanish Republican Navy in 1936 . Captured by a group of Nationalist sympathizers from her crew off Algeria in 1937 , she entered in service in 1938 after being converted to an auxiliary cruiser .", "The Spanish Civil War, widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War or The War, took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and a relatively urban Second Spanish Republic in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, versus the Nationalists, a falangist, Carlist and a largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco. Although the war is often portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, some historians consider it more accurately described as a struggle between leftist revolution and rightist counterrevolution. Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975.", "A privateer was a private person or ship that engaged in maritime warfare under a commission of war. The commission, also known as a letter of marque, empowered the person to carry on all forms of hostility permissible at sea by the usages of war, including attacking foreign vessels during wartime and taking them as prizes. Captured ships were subject to condemnation and sale under prize law, with the proceeds divided between the privateer sponsors, shipowners, captains and crew. A percentage share usually went to the issuer of the commission. Since robbery under arms was common to seaborne trade, all merchant ships were already armed. During war, naval resources were auxiliary to operations on land so privateering was a way of subsidizing state power by mobilizing armed ships and sailors.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before it spread to other European countries. Opposed to liberalism, Marxism, and anarchism, fascism is usually placed on the far-right within the traditional leftright spectrum.", "The Second Spanish Republic (in Spanish: \"Segunda República Española\") was the republican regime that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939, preceded by the Restoration and followed by Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War." ]

[ "agriculture", "fishing", "naval warfare", "navy", "privateer", "salt", "square", "trade", "war" ]

[ "George Phillips Bond ( May 20 , 1825 -- February 17 , 1865 ) was an American astronomer . He was the son of William Cranch Bond . Some sources give his year of birth as 1826 . His early interest was in nature and birds , but after his elder brother William Cranch Bond Jr. died , he felt obliged to follow his father into the field of astronomy . He succeeded his father as director of Harvard College Observatory from 1859 until his death . His cousin was Edward Singleton Holden , first director of Lick Observatory . Bond took the first photograph of a star in 1850 ( Vega ) and of a double star in 1857 ( Mizar ) ; suggested photography could be used to measure a star 's magnitude ; and discovered numerous comets and calculated their orbits . Bond also studied Saturn and the Orion Nebula . He and his father jointly discovered Saturn 's moon , Hyperion ( which was also independently discovered by William Lassell ) . In addition to his astronomical contributions , Bond also surveyed the White Mountains of New Hampshire . He died of tuberculosis .", "An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.", "William Cranch Bond (9 September 1789 29 January 1859) was an American astronomer, and the first director of Harvard College Observatory.", "The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the HarvardSmithsonian Center for Astrophysics.", "Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models. It is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus.", "Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; while the phenomena include supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, all astronomical phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere are within the purview of astronomy. A related but distinct subject, physical cosmology, is concerned with the study of the Universe as a whole.", "The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. The size of the entire Universe is unknown.", "Theoretical astronomy is the use of the analytical models of physics and chemistry to describe astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena.", "Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.", "Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe contains a huge number of external galaxies beyond our own Milky Way; then, work by Vesto Slipher and others showed that the universe is expanding. These advances made it possible to speculate about the origin of the universe, and allowed the establishment of the Big Bang Theory, by Georges Lemaitre, as the leading cosmological model. A few researchers still advocate a handful of alternative cosmologies; however, most cosmologists agree that the Big Bang theory explains the observations better.", "A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to evolve gasses, a process called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind acting upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma may be up to 15 times the Earth's diameter, while the tail may stretch one astronomical unit. If sufficiently bright, a comet may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope and may subtend an arc of 30° (60 Moons) across the sky. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.", "A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. However, most of the stars in the Universe, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way, are invisible to the naked eye from Earth. Indeed, most are invisible from Earth even through the most powerful telescopes.", "A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that\nThe term \"planet\" is ancient, with ties to history, astrology, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain \"planets\" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community, are no longer viewed as such." ]

[ "cambridge", "harvard", "loose", "massachusetts", "most", "of", "once", "time", "usa" ]

[ "The was a major sea battle of the Genpei War, occurring at Dan-no-ura, in the Shimonoseki Strait off the southern tip of Honsh. On April 25, 1185, the Genji (Minamoto) clan fleet, led by Minamoto no Yoshitsune, defeated the Heike (Taira) clan fleet. The morning rip tide was an advantage to the Taira in the morning but turned to their disadvantage in the afternoon. The young Emperor Antoku was one of those who perished amongst the Taira nobles.", "The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-ky, or modern Kyto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height. The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family. Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family. means \"peace\" in Japanese", "Early life.\nYoshitsune was the ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the third and final son and child that Yoshitomo would father with Tokiwa Gozen. Yoshitsune's older half-brother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third son of Yoshitomo) would go on to found the Kamakura shogunate. Yoshitsune's name in childhood was Ushiwakamaru. He was born just before the Heiji Rebellion of early 1160 in which his father and two oldest brothers were killed. He survived this incident by fleeing the capital with his mother, while his half-brother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Province. At approximately age 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the care of the monks of Kurama Temple, nestled in the Hiei Mountains near the capital of Kyoto. Not wanting to become a monk, Yoshitsune eventually left, and in 1174 relocated to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he was put under the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful regional Northern Fujiwara clan.", "The Minamoto were one of four great clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period the other three were the Fujiwara, the Taira, and the Tachibana.", "Emperor Antoku ( Antoku - tenn ) ( December 22 , 1178 -- April 25 , 1185 ) was the 81st emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . His reign spanned the years from 1180 through 1185 . During this time , the imperial family was involved in a bitter struggle between warring clans . Yoritomo , with his cousin Yoshinaka , led a force from the Minamoto clan against the Taira , who controlled the emperor . During the sea battle of Dan - no - ura in April 1185 , a member of the royal household took Antoku and plunged with him into the water in the Shimonoseki Straits , drowning the child emperor rather than allowing him to be captured by the opposing forces . The conflict between the clans led to numerous legends and tales . Antoku 's tomb is said to be located in a number of places around western Japan , including the island of Iwo Jima , a result of the spreading of legends about the emperor and the battle ." ]

[ "fujiwara clan", "imperial house of japan", "minamoto clan" ]

[ "Christ Church (the temple or house, \"æds\", of Christ, and thus sometimes known as \"The House\") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college is associated with Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is \"ex officio\" the college head.", "John Fell ( 23 June 1625 -- 10 July 1686 ) was an English churchman and influential academic . He served as Dean of Christ Church , Oxford , and later concomitantly as Bishop of Oxford .", "The Church of England (C of E) is the Anglican Christian state church of England. Headed by the Archbishop of Canterbury (currently Justin Welby) and primarily governed from London with the monarch as the supreme governor, the Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. The church dates its formal establishment as a national church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission in Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury, with considerable features introduced and established during and following the English Reformation in the 16th century.", "Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.", "The Bishop of Oxford is the diocesan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford in the Province of Canterbury; his seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. The current bishop is Steven Croft, following the confirmation of his election to the See on 6 July 2016.", "Christ Church Cathedral is the cathedral of the diocese of Oxford, which consists of the counties of Oxford, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. It is also the chapel of Christ Church at the University of Oxford. This dual role as cathedral and college chapel is unique in the Church of England.", "The Province of Canterbury, or less formally the Southern Province, is one of two ecclesiastical provinces which constitute the Church of England. The other is the Province of York (which consists of 12 dioceses). It consists of 30 dioceses, covering roughly two-thirds of England, parts of Wales, and the Channel Islands, with the remainder comprising continental Europe (under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe).", "The Diocese of Oxford is a Church of England diocese that forms part of the Province of Canterbury.", "The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. While having no known date of foundation, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled northeast to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two \"ancient universities\" are frequently jointly referred to as \"Oxbridge\"." ]

[ "bristol", "christ church", "christ church cathedral", "london", "oxford", "york" ]

[ "Kayah State (formerly, Karenni State) is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and west by Kayin State. It lies approximately between 18° 30' and 19° 55' north latitude and between 94°40' and 97° 93' east longitude. The area is . Its capital is Loikaw (also spelt Loi-kaw). The estimated population in 1998 was approximately 207,357, according to UNICEF. It is inhabited primarily by the Karenni ethnic group, also known as Red Karen or Kayah, a Sino-Tibetan people.", "Shan State (; Shan: ) is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China to the north, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the south, and five administrative divisions of Burma in the west. Largest of the 14 administrative divisions by land area, Shan State covers 155,800 km², almost a quarter of the total area of Burma. The state gets its name from the Shan people, one of several ethnic groups that inhabit the area. Shan State is largely rural, with only three cities of significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, and the capital, Taunggyi. Taungyyi is 150.7 km north east of the nation's capital Naypyitaw.", "Red Karen ( Kayah ) also known as Karenni , is a subgroup of the Karen people , a Sino - Tibetan people living mostly in Kayah State of Burma . According to a 1983 census , the Red Karens ( Karenni ) consist of the following groups : Kayah , Geko ( Kayan Ka Khaung , Gekho , Gaykho ) , Geba ( Kayan Gebar , Gaybar ) , Padaung ( Kayan Lahwi ) , Bres , Manu - Manaus ( Manumanao ) , Yintale , Yinbaw , Bwe , Shan and Pao . Several of the groups ( Geko , Gebar , Padaung ) belong to Kayan , a subgroup of Red Karen .", "Loikaw is the capital of Kayah State in Myanmar. It is located in the Karen Hills area, near the State's northern tip, just above an embayment on the Pilu River. The inhabitants are mostly Kayah (Karenni). Myanmar's largest hydropower plant built (by the Japanese as war reparation) is located about 20 km east of Loikaw at Lawpita Falls.", "Mae Hong Son Province (; formerly called Mae Rong Son), also spelled \"Maehongson\", \"Mae Hong Sorn\" or \"Maehongsorn\", is one of the northern provinces (\"changwat\") of Thailand, on the country's western border. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from north) Shan State of Myanmar, Chiang Mai and Tak. To the west, the province borders Kayin State and Kayah State of Myanmar.", "The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations (UN) programme headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations Development Group and its executive committee.", "Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. About one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 miles), forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).", "Thailand (or ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok." ]

[ "1", "area", "bay", "border", "capital", "city", "country", "ethnic group", "five", "group", "hydropower", "peninsula", "people", "province", "republic", "size", "state", "three", "union", "war" ]

[ "Timothy Zachery \"Tim\" Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ. Timbaland's first full credit production work was in 1996 on \"Ginuwine...the Bachelor\" for R&B singer Ginuwine. After further work on Aaliyah's 1996 album \"One in a Million\" and Missy Elliott's 1997 album \"Supa Dupa Fly\", Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists. As a rapper he initially released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo, followed by his debut solo album \"\" in 1998. In 2002, Timbaland produced the hit single \"Cry Me a River\" for Justin Timberlake, going on to produce most of Timberlake's subsequent LPs such as \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" and \"The 20/20 Experience\" and their respective hit singles. A Timbaland-owned imprint label, Mosley Music Group, featured artists such as Nelly Furtado, whose Timbaland-produced album \"Loose\" (2006) was a commercial and critical success. In 2007, Timbaland released a solo album, \"Shock Value\", which was followed by \"Shock Value II\" in 2009.", "Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. (born September 25, 1980), better known by his stage names T.I. and Tip (often stylized as TIP), is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. He signed his first major-label record deal in 1999, with Arista Records subsidiary, LaFace Records. In 2001, T.I. formed the Southern hip hop group Pimp Squad Click (P$C), alongside his longtime friends and fellow Atlanta-based rappers. Upon being released from Arista, T.I. signed to Atlantic Records and subsequently became the co-chief executive officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Grand Hustle Records, which he launched in 2003. T.I. is also perhaps best known as one of the artists who popularized the hip hop subgenre trap music, along with Young Jeezy and Gucci Mane.", "Bad Boy Entertainment (also known as Bad Boy Records) is an American record label founded in 1993 by Sean Combs. Today, it operates as an imprint of Epic Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.", "N.W.A (an abbreviation for Niggaz Wit Attitudes) was an American hip hop group from Compton, California. They were among the earliest and most significant popularizers and controversial figures of the gangsta rap subgenre, and are widely considered one of the greatest and most influential groups in the history of hip hop music. Active from 1986 to 1991, the rap group endured controversy owing to their music's explicit lyrics, which many viewed as being disrespectful to women, as well as to its glorification of drugs and crime. The group was subsequently banned from many mainstream American radio stations. In spite of this, the group has sold over 10 million units in the United States alone. The group was also known for their deep hatred of the police system, which sparked much controversy over the years.", "Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 5th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. The word \"Illinois\" comes from the Algonquin word for \"tribe of superior men\". With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.", "Anthony Henderson (born June 17, 1973), better known as Krayzie Bone, is an American rapper, producer, and entrepreneur. He is a member of the rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony", "A talent show is an event where participants perform talents of singing, dancing, acrobatics, acting, drumming, martial arts, playing an instrument, or other activities to showcase skills. Many talent shows are performances rather than contests, but some are actual contests. In the instance of a contest, participants may be motivated to perform for a reward, trophy, or prize of some kind. For example, a high school might not have many students with any interest in performing in front of the student body for the sole purpose of performing alone and may offer different prizes as an incentive for these students to participate in the contest. ", "Boyz N Da Hood is an American Southern gangsta rap group from Atlanta, Georgia. They were formerly signed to Sean Combs' Bad Boy Records and consisted of Young Jeezy, Jody Breeze, Gorilla Zoe, Big Gee, Big Duke. They have collaborated several times with fellow Atlanta, Georgia artist and Block Ent labelmate Yung Joc.", "Disturbing tha Peace (DTP) is an American record label founded by Christopher \"Ludacris\" Bridges, his manager Chaka Zulu and Zulu's brother Jeff Dixon. Today it operates as a subsidiary of Def Jam, a division of Universal Music Group.", "Young Money Entertainment is an American record label founded by rapper Lil Wayne. Young Money's president is Lil Wayne's lifelong friend Mack Maine. The label is an imprint of Cash Money Records and is distributed by Republic Records.", "The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America.", "South Jamaica is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City, located south of downtown Jamaica. It is part of Queens Community Board 12. Although a proper border has not been established, the neighborhood is an overall subset of the greater Jamaica area that faces the Long Island Rail Road Main Line tracks, Jamaica Avenue or Liberty Avenue to the north; the Van Wyck Expressway on the west; and Merrick Boulevard toward the east, adjoining the neighboring community of St. Albans. Other primary thoroughfares of South Jamaica include Baisley, Foch, Linden, Guy R. Brewer, Sutphin, and Rockaway Boulevards.", "Jason Johnson (December 9, 1981 - May 19, 2003), also known as Camoflauge, was an American rapper from Hitch Village housing project in Savannah, Georgia.", "A vanity label (see related topic on vanity press) is an informal name given sometimes to a record label founded as a wholly or partially owned subsidiary of another, larger and better established (at least at the time of the vanity label's founding) record label, where the subsidiary label is (at least nominally) controlled by a successful recording artist, designed to allow this artist to release music by other artists they admire. The parent label handles the production and distribution and funding of the vanity label, but the album is usually released with the vanity label brand name prominent. Usually, the artist/head of the vanity label is signed to the parent label, and this artist's own recordings will be released under the vanity label's brand name. Creating a vanity label can be an attractive idea for the parent label primarily as a \"perk\" to keep a successful artist on the label's roster happy and a venue to bring fellow artists to the public's attention.", "Savannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War, Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgia's fifth-largest city and third-largest metropolitan area.", "\"Thuggish Ruggish Bone\" is the debut single of the rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, from their debut EP \"Creepin on ah Come Up\". It features local Cleveland singer Shatasha Williams. The song reached #22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was included in the soundtrack of the video game \"\"; and the second half of Layzie Bone's verse was reused on the track \"Family Scriptures\" on the Mo Thugs Family debut album, \"Family Scriptures\".", "Bobby Wilson (born February 27, 1980) better known by his stage name Bobby V, is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He has charted three No. 1 albums on \"Billboard\"s U.S. Top R&B Chart since 2006. V's first major single, \"Slow Down\" produced by Grammy Award winners Tim & Bob, charted No. 1 on \"Billboard\"s U.S. Top R&B Chart and peaked at No. 8 on \"Billboard\"s Hot 100 chart. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA. His second single, \"Anonymous\", was produced by Grammy Award-winning Timbaland.", "Demetrius Lee Stewart (born June 21, 1981), better known by his stage name Shawty Redd is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter.", "Radric Delantic Davis (born February 12, 1980), known professionally as Gucci Mane, is an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. In 2007, Gucci Mane founded 1017 Records. He is also known for helping pioneer the hip hop subgenre trap music, alongside fellow Atlanta-based rappers T.I. and Young Jeezy.", "Steven Howse (born September 23, 1974) is a hip-hop artist known primarily for being a member of the group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. He has also has gone by the names L-Burna and The #1 Assassin. He is the younger brother of fellow group member Flesh-N-Bone & cousin of group member Wish Bone. He is also a member of the rap group Bone Brothers and CEO of the record label Harmony Howse Entertainment.", "A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards (television), the Tony Awards (stage performance), and the Academy Awards (motion pictures).", "Don't Feed da Animals is the second studio album by American rapper Gorilla Zoe. It was released on March 17, 2009.The album peaked at number 8 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Rap Albums. The album sold 29,000 copies in its first week, and 134,660 copies to date.", "Otis Williams, Jr. (born November 23, 1981), better known by his stage name OJ Da Juiceman, is an American rapper, actor and songwriter. OJ da Juiceman is founder of vanity label 32 Entertainment.", "LaDamon Douglas ( born March 21 ) professionally known as Fatboi is an American hip hop producer from Savannah , Georgia who has produced beats for artists including Camoflauge , Gucci Mane , Young Jeezy , Rocko , Shawty Redd , Flo Rida , Bow Wow , Bone Thugs - n - Harmony , Juvenile , Yung Joc , Gorilla Zoe , OJ Da Juiceman , 8Ball & MJG , Jeremih , 2 Chainz , Nicki Minaj , Bobby V , Ludacris and Yo Gotti .", "Charles C. Scruggs, better known by his stage name Wish Bone, is an American rapper and member of the Cleveland rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.", "A hit single is a recorded song or instrumental released as a single that has become very popular. Though it sometimes means any widely played or big-selling song, the term \"hit\" usually refers to a single that has appeared in an official music chart through repeated radio airplay or significant commercial sales.", "Christopher Brian \"Chris\" Bridges (born September 11, 1977), better known by his stage name Ludacris, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. Alongside his manager, Chaka Zulu, Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace, an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings. Throughout his career, Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild, Critic's Choice, MTV, and Grammy Awards. Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast, Ludacris was one of the first and most influential \"Dirty South\" rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s.", "Ruthless is an American record label, founded by Jerry Heller and gangsta rapper Eazy-E. The record label was in Torrance, California and it was founded in 1987. The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of Platinum or higher on 15 of its released albums, including releases by N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, J.J.Fad and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony.", "Early life.\nBorn into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, Jeremih began playing instruments at the age of three and\nis a self-taught musician being able to play the saxophone, bass drum, cymbals, quads, several percussion instruments and piano in addition to his vocal talent. He learned to play instruments by ear without being able to read notes or having any sort of classical training. Jeremih attended Morgan Park High School, where he was part of the marching band as well as a Latin jazz band, where he learned to play percussion instruments like congas and timbales. In addition to being a self-taught musician, Felton was a good student and earned academic honors at Morgan Park High School. His strong overachieving academic performance enabled him to skip his senior year and graduate from high school a year early. He credits his parents for imbuing on him the importance of education and for the academic pressure that pushed him to overachieve academically, and that a solid educational background would eventually allow him to find decent employment if his music career didn't come to fruition. He graduated at the age of 16 and enrolled at the University of Illinois as well as Parkland College in Urbana-Champaign. He was interested in the engineering science program at his mother's suggestion as a safe career choice. After spending a semester at the university studying engineering science, he wanted to change his education to something more true to his musical passions. He transferred to Columbia College Chicago art school in 2007 to pursue a degree in music business. Having graduated from high school at an early age, he said in an interview that he found himself \"getting in a lot of trouble\" while attending the college. He eventually plans on returning to college to earn his engineering degree as well as becoming a youth advocate for higher education. After performing a tribute for Ray Charles at one of the campus's talent shows, he received positive feedback and realized his vocal ability, saying that the \"music was just taking over\".", "Back 2 da Basics is the fifth studio album by American rapper Yo Gotti. It was released on May 23, 2006, by TVT Records, serving as Yo Gotti's second and final studio release with TVT.", "Alonzo Mathis, better known by his stage name Gorilla Zoe is an American rapper. He is a former artist with Trustnobody Ent. Under Tavares \"Buck\" Thomas. He subsequently became a member of rap group Boyz N Da Hood. His solo debut album \"Welcome to the Zoo\" ghost written by Ernest Gibbs. came out in 2007. His next two albums, \"Don't Feed Da Animals\" and \"King Kong\" were released in 2009 and 2011. In 2015, he released two mix tapes: Recovery and Raised in the Jungle. ", "A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China and Taiwan. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function.", "Mario Mims (born May 19, 1981), better known by his stage name Yo Gotti, is an American rapper. In 1996, Gotti released his debut album \"Youngsta's On a Come Up\" under the alias Lil Yo. He went to release \"From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game\" (2000), \"Self-Explanatory\" (2001), \"Life\" (2003), \"Back 2 da Basics\" (2006), \"Live from the Kitchen\" (2012), \"I Am\" (2013) and \"The Art of Hustle\" (2016).", "An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs \"in the flesh\" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally \"one who answers\". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is \"playing themselves\", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.", "\"I Know You See It\" is the second single by American rapper Yung Joc off his debut album \"New Joc City\". The song features Brandy Hambric. It reached number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 5 on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It also peaked at number 5 on the U.S. Rap Songs chart. The video for the song first premiered on MTV's \"Making the Video\".", "Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.", "Morgan Park High School is a public 4year high school and academic center located in the Morgan Park neighborhood on the farsouth side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Morgan Park opened in 1916 and is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district. Morgan Park sits at the intersection of 111th Street and Vincennes Avenue.", "Bone Thugs-N-Harmony is an American hip hop group from Cleveland, Ohio. It consists of rappers Bizzy Bone, Wish Bone, Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone & Flesh-N-Bone . American West Coast rapper Eazy-E, former member of rap group N.W.A, signed Bone Thugs-N-Harmony to Ruthless Records in late 1993, when Bone Thugs debuted with their EP \"Creepin on ah Come Up\". The EP included their breakout hit single \"Thuggish Ruggish Bone\".", "Stanley Howse, better known as Flesh-n-Bone (born June 10, 1973), is an American rapper from Cleveland, Ohio, and is known as a member of the rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. He is the older brother of Layzie Bone, Stew Deez, Jaimac, and cousin of Wish Bone.", "The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. Two tributaries of the Savannah, the Tugaloo River and the Chattooga River, form the northernmost part of the border. The Savannah River drainage basin extends into the southeastern side of the Appalachian Mountains just inside North Carolina, bounded by the Eastern Continental Divide. The river is around long. It is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo River and the Seneca River. Today this confluence is submerged beneath Lake Hartwell. The Tallulah Gorge is located on the Tallulah River, a tributary of the Tugaloo River that forms the northwest branch of the Savannah River.", "Jay Wayne Jenkins (born September 28, 1977), better known by his stage name Young Jeezy (or simply Jeezy), is an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. In 1998, he launched the label imprint CTE World (then known as Corporate Thugz Entertainment). Aside from his solo career, Jeezy is the \"de facto\" leader of the southern hip hop group United Streets Dopeboyz of America (USDA), and is a former member of the Bad Boy Records' rap group Boyz n da Hood. Jeezy is also known for helping pioneer the hip hop subgenre trap music, alongside fellow Atlanta-based rappers T.I. and Gucci Mane.", "Welcome to the Zoo is the debut studio album by Atlanta-native rapper Gorilla Zoe. It was released on September 25, 2007, by Bad Boy South, distributed by Block Entertainment. The album debuted at number 18 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 35,000 copies in its first week; also peaking at number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.", "Raymond Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930  June 10, 2004), known professionally as Ray Charles, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and composer. Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called \"Brother Ray.\" He was often referred to as \"The Genius.\" Charles was blind from the age of seven.", "Bryon Anthony McCane II (born September 12, 1976), better known by his stage name Bizzy Bone, a.k.a. <nowiki>Li'l Ripsta</nowiki>, is an American rapper and the youngest member of the Cleveland rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.", "Onika Tanya Maraj (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj, is a Trinidadian-born American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago and raised in South Jamaica, Queens, New York, Minaj earned public attention after releasing three mixtapes between 2007 and 2009. She has been signed to Young Money Entertainment since 2009.", "Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 16, 1979), better known by his stage name Flo Rida (pronounced ), is an American singer, songwriter and rapper from Carol City, Florida. His 2008 breakout single \"Low\" was number one for 10 weeks in the United States and broke the record for digital download sales at the time of its release.", "Jasiel Amon Robinson, better known by his stage name Yung Joc, is an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. He is best known for his hit singles \"It's Goin' Down\" and \"I Know You See It\".", "André Lauren Benjamin (born May 27, 1975), better known by his stage name André 3000 (formerly known as André), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor, best known for being part of hip hop duo Outkast alongside fellow rapper Big Boi. As an actor, Benjamin has made appearances in a number of TV series and films, including \"Families\", \"The Shield\", \"Be Cool\", \"Revolver\", \"Semi-Pro\", \"Four Brothers\", and the leading role of Jimi Hendrix in \"All Is by My Side\". In addition to music and acting, Benjamin has also been an active entrepreneur. In the spring of 2008, he launched a clothing line called Benjamin Bixby. He has also been an advocate for animal rights. He is also known for his work on the Cartoon Network animated series \"Class of 3000\".", "A marching band is a group in which instrumental musicians perform for entertainment, and prepare for a competition. Instrumentation typically includes brass instruments, woodwind instruments, percussion instruments, and color guard. Most marching bands wear some kind of uniform (often of a military style) that includes the school or organization's colors, name or symbol. Most high school marching bands are accompanied by a colorguard, a group of performers, who add a visual interpretation to the music through the use of props, most often flags and rifles.", "Def Jam Recordings is an American record label, focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name \"Def Jam UK\" and is operated through Virgin EMI, while in Japan, it is \"Def Jam Japan\" operating through Universal Sigma Music. The label distributes various record labels, including Kanye West's GOOD Music, Ludacris' Disturbing Tha Peace, and ARTium Recordings, headed by Def Jam's current executive vice president, No I.D.. Current artists include Iggy Azalea, Logic, Big Sean, Kanye West, Leona Lewis, 2 Chainz, Axwell Ingrosso, Mother Mother, Afrojack, Jeezy, Jeremih, Ludacris, Alesso, Pusha T, Desiigner and Jhené Aiko, among others.", "Eric Lynn Wright (September 7, 1964  March 26, 1995), better known by his stage name Eazy-E, was an American rapper who performed solo and in the hip hop group N.W.A. Wright is affectionately called \"The Godfather of Gangsta Rap\". He was born to Richard and Kathie Wright in Compton, California. After dropping out of high school in the tenth grade, he supported himself primarily by selling drugs before founding Ruthless Records and becoming a rapper. Arabian Prince, Eazy-E, Dr. Dre and Ice Cube formed N.W.A. After DJ Yella and MC Ren joined the group, N.W.A released their debut single \"Panic Zone\". In 1988, they released their most controversial album, \"Straight Outta Compton\". The group released two more albums and then disbanded after Eazy released Dr. Dre from his contract." ]

[ "academic", "acting", "actor", "actress", "artist", "band", "brewer", "canada", "commercial", "composer", "cook", "critic", "duke", "entertainment", "entrepreneur", "game", "leader", "major", "manager", "mc", "member", "musician", "officer", "official", "president", "prince", "producer", "r", "radio", "rapper", "record producer", "sales", "singer", "songwriter", "student", "talent", "television", "united kingdom", "united states of america", "vice president" ]

[ "Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.", "Nanaksar is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan . It is located at 31 ° 4 ' 0N 72 ° 53 ' 0E with an altitude of 171 metres ( 564 feet ) . Neighbouring settlements include Nara Dada and Rashiana . The population is unknown .", "The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan. The corridor, wedged between the Pamirs to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about long and wide.", "An Islamic republic is the name given to several states in countries ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 1992 (in 19962001 the Taliban was ruling as an Islamic emirate (monarchy)) upon Jamiat-e Islami seizing capital Kabul from the Communists. Despite the similar name the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws.", "The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman (\"aldj Umn\"; in Balochi: in \"Khaleej Oman\") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.", "Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.", "Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (\"Çumhuriji Toçikiston\"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.", "Faisalabad District is one of the districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 3,029,547 of which almost 42% were in Faisalabad City. It is the third largest city of Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore.", "Nara Dada (also known as 228 GB (\"Gogera branch\") is a village in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. Nara Dada located on the Gojra - Samundari road. The exact history of the village is not known but this village existed before the independence of Pakistan. Most of the inhabitants of the village came to live there following migration from the villages Nara and Dada, in the Indian district of Hushiarpur - the village's name is a combination of these two names.", "Gojra (Punjabi), the administrative seat of Gojra Tehsil, is the city of Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab in the province of Pakistan, and is located 30  miles (50 km) from Faisalabad, 170 km from Lahore, 125 km from Burewala, 157 km from Vehari and north of Toba Tek Singh. It has a history of more than hundred years, and as it was the centre of cultivated lands, the village was known for its \"Mandi\" (market) for cash crops. The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in Gojra.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.", "A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and subnational levels. It is a combination of the federal republic and the parliamentary republic.", "Rashiana is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 31°5'10N 72°53'50E with an altitude of 174 metres (574 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Nara Dada and Gariwal.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is and its maximum depth is . The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.", "Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , \"Afnistn\"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.", "Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as \"the 'stans\" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\", meaning \"land of\") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.", "Gariwal is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 31°4'0N 72°53'0E with an altitude of 171 metres (564 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Nara Dada and Rashiana.", "Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the \"sunnah\", composed of accounts called \"hadith\") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics. Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government holding real power, much like constitutional monarchies. Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government, much like presidential systems, but with a dependency upon parliamentary power.", "Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the \"de facto\" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center." ]

[ "afghanistan", "ahmedabad", "andaman and nicobar islands", "beijing", "bhutan", "center", "central", "centre", "china", "chongqing", "district", "east", "egypt", "faisalabad", "guangzhou", "gulf", "hyderabad", "india", "iran", "kabul", "karabakh", "karachi", "kolkata", "kyrgyzstan", "maldives", "mandi", "most", "mumbai", "nara", "near east", "north", "northern", "northwest", "of", "oman", "pakistan", "pashto", "punjab", "republic of china", "road", "saudi arabia", "shanghai", "south", "southwest", "tajikistan", "tianjin", "toba tek singh district", "turkmenistan", "united arab emirates", "wakhan", "west", "yemen" ]

[ "Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967  April 5, 1994) was an American musician, artist, songwriter, guitarist and poet. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene and grunge genre. Nirvana's debut album \"Bleach\" was released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989.", "Dave Foster is an American musician who was the third drummer for the grunge rock band Nirvana . He was fired after playing only a couple of performances with the band , mostly because of his inability to attend rehearsal sessions regularly . Foster lived hours away from Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic back in Aberdeen , Washington , which required the men to pick Foster up and bring him to the band 's rehearsal space in Tacoma . Based on Cobain 's own account , this made band practices complicated . According to Charles R. Cross in his 2001 Cobain biography Heavier Than Heaven , Cobain 's final straw with Foster came after Foster was arrested for assaulting the son of the mayor of Cosmopolis , Washington , which landed him in jail for two weeks , and caused him to have his driver 's license revoked , and being fined thousands of dollars in the victim 's medical expenses . Neither Cobain nor Novoselic informed Foster directly of his termination . According to Cross , Foster realized he was out of the band when he saw an advertisement for an upcoming Butthole Surfers show featuring Nirvana as the opening act that he was unaware of . Ironically , a lengthy termination note addressed to Foster was included , unsent , in Kurt Cobain 's published Journals , which while praising Foster 's drumming , also bemoans the difference in cultural background between Foster and Cobain , who both were Aberdeen natives . After being fired from Nirvana , Foster played with the bands Suckerpunch , Psycho Samaritan and Helltrout . He can be heard as a guest drummer on the Mico de Noche album called Cherries ( he plays on `` Dirty Unicorn '' and `` Tu 's Place '' ) .", "Sweet 75 was a band formed by Krist Novoselic in 1994 after the break-up of Nirvana. The band released one self named album before splitting up in 2000.", "The Olympic Peninsula is the large arm of land in western Washington that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the east by Hood Canal. Cape Alava, the westernmost point in the contiguous United States, and Cape Flattery, the northwesternmost point, are on the peninsula. Comprising about 3600 square miles, the Olympic Peninsula contained many of the last unexplored places in the contiguous United States. It remained largely unmapped until Arthur Dodwell and Theodore Rixon mapped most of its topography and timber resources between 1898 and 1900.", "Krist Anthony Novoselic (often referred to as Chris Novoselic, born May 16, 1965) is an American rock musician, and was the bass guitarist and member of the grunge band Nirvana. After Nirvana disbanded following the death of Kurt Cobain in 1994, Novoselic formed Sweet 75 and Eyes Adrift, releasing one album with each band. From 2006 to 2009 he played in the punk band Flipper, and in 2011 contributed bass and accordion to the song \"I Should Have Known\", on Foo Fighters' studio album \"Wasting Light\".", "A drum kitalso called a drum set, trap set, or simply drumsis a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player with drumsticks held in both hands and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum. A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1). In the 2000s, some kits also include electronic instruments (Hornbostel-Sachs classification 53) and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used.\nA standard modern kit (for a right-handed player), as used in popular music and taught in music schools, contains:", "Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about south of the CanadaUnited States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling .", "Aberdeen is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 16,896 at the 2010 census. The city is the economic center of Grays Harbor County, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis. Aberdeen is called the \"Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula\".", "A drummer is a musician who plays drums, which includes a drum kit (\"drum set\" or \"trap set\", including cymbals) and accessory-based hardware which includes an assortment of pedals and standing support mechanisms, marching percussion or any musical instrument that is struck within the context of a wide assortment of musical genres. The term percussionist applies to a musician who performs struck musical instruments of numerous diverse shapes, sizes and applications. Most contemporary western ensembles bands for rock, pop, jazz, R&B etc. include a drummer for purposes including timekeeping and embellishing the musical timbre. Most drummers of this particular designation work within the context of a larger contingent (a.k.a. rhythm section) that may also include, keyboard (a percussion instrument) or guitar, auxiliary percussion (often of non western origin) and bass (bass viol or electric). Said ensembles may also include melodic based mallet percussion including: vibraphone, marimba or xylophone. The rhythm section, being the core metronomic foundation with which other melodic instruments, including voices, may present the harmonic/melodic portion of the material.", "Sub Pop is a record label founded in 1986 by Bruce Pavitt. In 1988, Sub Pop Records LLC was formed by Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman in Seattle, Washington. Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for first signing Nirvana, Soundgarden, Mudhoney and many other bands from the Seattle alternative rock scene. They are often credited with taking the first steps toward popularizing grunge music, and have continued to achieve critical and commercial success in the new millennium, with bands such as Fleet Foxes, Foals, Beach House, The Postal Service, Flight of the Conchords, Sleater-Kinney, Blitzen Trapper, No Age, Wolf Parade and The Shins on their roster. In 1995 the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.", "Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington in 1994. It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the death of Kurt Cobain and the resulting dissolution of his previous band. The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II, which were known collectively as foo fighters.", "Eyes Adrift (known in Australia as Bud, Curt & Krist) was a three-piece rock supergroup consisting of Krist Novoselic (bass guitar, formerly of Nirvana), Curt Kirkwood (guitar and lead vocals, of Meat Puppets), and Bud Gaugh (drums, formerly of Sublime and Long Beach Dub Allstars). They released a self-titled album (see below) in 2002, which was a mixture of punk, grunge, and country, taking all of their previous backgrounds and putting them together. They later broke up in 2003, after their debut album flopped. Kirkwood and Gaugh went on to form Volcano. The album is currently out of print." ]

[ "1900", "1965", "1967", "1986", "1987", "1988", "1994", "2", "2000", "2002", "2003", "2006", "2009", "2010", "2015", "july 2013" ]

[ "Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as \"the 'stans\" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\", meaning \"land of\") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.", "The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan. The corridor, wedged between the Pamirs to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about long and wide.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "An Islamic republic is the name given to several states in countries ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 1992 (in 19962001 the Taliban was ruling as an Islamic emirate (monarchy)) upon Jamiat-e Islami seizing capital Kabul from the Communists. Despite the similar name the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws.", "Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the \"sunnah\", composed of accounts called \"hadith\") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.", "Sindh is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country. Historically home to the Sindhi people, it is also locally known as the Mehran. It was formerly known as Sind until 1956. Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area, and second largest province by population after Punjab. Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west, and Punjab province to the north. Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east, and Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh. Sindh's climate is noted for hot summers and mild winters. The provincial capital of Sindh is Pakistan's largest city and financial hub, Karachi.", "Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (\"Çumhuriji Toçikiston\"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.", "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is and its maximum depth is . The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.", "Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.", "Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , \"Afnistn\"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.", "An engineer by education and trader by profession, Altaf Shakoor is the leader of Pasban (The Defenders), a Pakistani social-political organization. He initially led Pasban Karachi from 1991 to 1994 (when it was annexed to Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan) and was elected as president of Pasban Pakistan in 1994. He has established various branches of Pasban in Sindh province, the most literate part in the south of Pakistan. It highlights the problems faced by common man of the society in media.", "Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the \"de facto\" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.", "The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman (\"aldj Umn\"; in Balochi: in \"Khaleej Oman\") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.", "South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.", "Jamaat-e-Islami (Urdu:, JI) is a social conservative, and Islamist political party. Its objective is to make Pakistan an Islamic state, governed by Sharia law, through a gradual legal, and political process.\nJI strongly opposes capitalism, liberalism, socialism and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. JI is a vanguard party: its members form an \"elite\" with \"affiliates\" and then \"sympathizers\" beneath them. The party leader is called an \"ameer\". Although it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with Deobandi and Barelvi.", "Pasban Voice Against Injustice ( Urdu : meaning Sentinel , Defender ) is a socio - political group in Pakistan , that raises its voice against issues of injustice in society . Its slogan is ' Pasban ... . voice against injustice ' . Pasban 's president is Altaf Shakoor ." ]

[ "afghanistan", "africa", "asia", "beijing", "central", "chongqing", "delhi", "global", "guangzhou", "gujarat", "hong kong", "hyderabad", "india", "indonesia", "iran", "kabul", "karachi", "kolkata", "mauritania", "mumbai", "oman", "pakistan", "saudi arabia", "shanghai", "sindh", "somalia", "tehran", "thailand", "tianjin", "uzbekistan", "yemen" ]

[ "The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the \nSwiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. \nThe largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .", "The Siege of Danzig ( 19 March - 24 May 1807 ) was the French encirclement and capture of Danzig during the War of the Fourth Coalition . On 19 March 1807 , around 27,000 French troops under Marshall Lefebvre besieged around 14,400 Prussian troops under Marshall Kalckreuth garrisoning the city of Danzig .", "Napoleon Bonaparte (\"Napoléon Bonaparte\"; , born \"\"Napoleone di Buonaparte\"\"; 15 August 1769 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.", "The Confederation of the Rhine (French: officially ' [\"Confederated States of the Rhine\"], but in practice ') was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria and Russia in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine. It lasted from 1806 to 1813.", "The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 18061807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain. Several members of the coalition had previously been fighting France as part of the Third Coalition, and there was no intervening period of general peace. On 9 October 1806, Prussia joined a renewed coalition, fearing the rise in French power after the defeat of Austria and establishment of the French-sponsored Confederation of the Rhine. Prussia and Russia mobilized for a fresh campaign, and Prussian troops massed in Saxony.", "The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig." ]

[ "austria", "first french empire", "france", "germany", "liechtenstein", "netherlands", "poland", "prussia", "saxony", "worldwide" ]

[ "The State Duma ((Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Artur Valeryevich Dmitriev (born 21 January 1968) is a Russian former pair skater who competed internationally for the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, and Russia. He is a two-time Olympic champion, having won gold with Natalia Mishkutionok in 1992 and with Oksana Kazakova in 1998. He and Mishkutionok also won Olympic silver in 1994. Along with Irina Rodnina, Dmitriev is the only pair skater to win the Olympics with two different partners.", "Alexei Nikolaevich Ulanov ( Russian : ) ( born November 4 , 1947 in Moscow ) is a retired pair skater who represented the Soviet Union . With Irina Rodnina , he is the 1972 Olympic champion and a four - time ( 1969 - 1972 ) World champion . With later partner Lyudmila Smirnova , he is a two - time World silver medalist .", "Alexei Nikolaevich Ulanov (born 4 November 1947) is a retired pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With Irina Rodnina, he is the 1972 Olympic champion and a four-time (19691972) world champion. With later partner Lyudmila Smirnova, he is a two-time world silver medalist.", "Andrei Alexandrovich Suraikin (born October 20, 1948 in Leningrad; about 1992) was a Russian pair skater. With partner Liudmila Smirnova, he was the 1972 Olympic silver medalist.", "Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina (born 12 September 1949) is a Russian politician and figure skater, who is the only pair skater to win 10 successive World Championships (196978) and three successive Olympic gold medals (1972, 1976, 1980). She was elected to the State Duma in the 2007 legislative election as a member of President Vladimir Putin's United Russia party. As a figure skater, she initially competed with Alexei Ulanov and later teamed up with Alexander Zaitsev. She is the first pair skater to win the Olympic title with two different partners, followed only by Artur Dmitriev.", "United Russia is the ruling political party of the Russian Federation. United Russia is the largest party in Russia; it holds 343 (or 76.22%) of the 450 seats in the State Duma.", "Lyudmila Stanislavovna Smirnova (born July 21, 1949 in Leningrad) is a retired pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union. With partner Andrei Suraikin, she is the 1972 Winter Olympic silver medalist. With later partner Alexei Ulanov, she is a two-time World silver medalist.", "Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician who is the current President of the Russian Federation, holding the office since 7 May 2012. He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000, President from 2000 to 2008, and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012. During his second term as Prime Minister, he was the Chairman of the United Russia Party, the ruling party.", "Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.", "The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR \" ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital." ]

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[ "Malawi (or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Malawi is over with an estimated population of 16,777,547 (July 2013 est.). Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"The Warm Heart of Africa\".", "Mto wa Mbu, is an administrative ward in the Monduli district of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 11,405. The name Mto wa Mbu means \"River of Mosquitoes\". Mto wa Mbu has an area of of which is for cultivation.", "Mount Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania. It is the highest mountain in Africa, and rises approximately 4,900 m (16,000 ft) from its base to above sea level. The first recorded ascent to the summit of the mountain was by Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889. The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination. The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers.", "Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world by area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest freshwater lake by volume and depth. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either Lake Baikal or the North American Great Lakes, and constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water.", "The Serengeti National Park is a Tanzanian national park in the Serengeti ecosystem in the Mara and Simiyu regions. It is famous for its annual migration of over 1.5 million white bearded (or brindled) wildebeest and 250,000 zebra and for its numerous Nile crocodile and honey badger.", "Arusha National Park covers Mount Meru , a prominent volcano with an elevation of 4566 m , in the Arusha Region of north eastern Tanzania . The park is small but varied with spectacular landscapes in three distinct areas . In the west , the Meru Crater funnels the Jekukumia River ; the peak of Mount Meru lies on its rim . Ngurdoto Crater in the south - east is grassland . The shallow alkaline Momella Lakes in the north - east have varying algal colours and are known for their wading birds . Mount Meru is the second highest peak in Tanzania after Mount Kilimanjaro , which is just 60 km away and forms a backdrop to views from the park to the east . Arusha National Park lies on a 300 - kilometre axis of Africa 's most famous national parks , running from Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater in the west to Kilimanjaro National Park in the east . The park is just a few kilometres north east of Arusha , though the main gate is 25 km east of the city . It is also 58 km from Moshi and 35 km from Kilimanjaro International Airport ( KIA ) .", "A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.", "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as \"Ratnkara\", \"\"the mine of gems\"\" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as \"Hind Mahsgar\", \"\"the great Indian sea\"\", in Hindi.", "Arusha Urban District (or Arusha City Council) is one of the seven districts of the Arusha Region of Tanzania, and it contains the regional and economic capital; the city of Arusha. It is bordered to the south, west and north by Arusha Rural District and to east by Meru District. As of 1994, Arusha District was the wealthiest district in Tanzania with 91,024 Tanzanian shillings.", "Kilimanjaro Region is one of Tanzania's 30 administrative regions. The regional capital is the municipality of Moshi. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,640,087, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,702,207. For 2002-2012, the region's 1.8 percent average annual population growth rate was the 24th highest in the country. It was also the eighth most densely populated region with 124 people per square kilometer.", "Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo , also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, East Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named, and is sometimes still called Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 80 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world.", "Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. Poaceae includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and cultivated lawns (turf) and pasture. Grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks. The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath. With ca 780 genera and around 12,000 species, Poaceae are the fifth-largest , following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae.", "Arusha is a city in northern Tanzania and the capital of the Arusha Region, with a population of 416,442 plus 323,198 in the surrounding Arusha District (2012 census). Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley, Arusha has a temperate climate. The city is close to the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Lake Manyara National Park, Olduvai Gorge, Tarangire National Park, Mount Kilimanjaro, and Arusha National Park on Mount Meru.", "Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae), however sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica. Grasslands are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. For example, there are five terrestrial ecoregion classifications (subdivisions) of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome (ecosystem), which is one of eight terrestrial ecozones of the Earth's surface.", "Namanga is a town divided by the Tanzania-Kenya border. It is in Longido District, Tanzania and Kajiado County, Kenya. It is around 110 kilometers from Arusha, Tanzania. Namanga's economy was heavily dependent on tourism until 2004 as tourists visiting the nearby Amboseli National Park passed through the town from Nairobi which is 183 kilometers from Namanga. The town is surrounded by hills from both the Tanzanian side and Kenya. Mount Kilimanjaro can be viewed from Namanga town which makes it a scenic place by tourists who lodge in Namanga on their way to either Tanzania or Amboseli. The nearby Ol Doinyo Orok mountain, also known as Namanga Hills is located northwest of Namanga town. Namanga's longitude is S 2°32'39.8\" and longitude E 36°47'20.2\". The town has an urban population of approximately 10,000 while the rural population is approximately 5,500.", "Kajiado County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. It has a population of 687,312 and an area of 21,292.7 km². The county borders Nairobi and extends to the Tanzania border further south. The county capital is Kajiado but the largest town is Ngong. Its main tourist attraction is wildlife. ", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "A magma chamber is a large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock in such a chamber is under great pressure, and given enough time, that pressure can gradually fracture the rock around it creating outlets for the magma. If it finds a way to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption; consequently many volcanoes are situated over magma chambers. \nMagma chambers are hard to detect, and most of the known ones are therefore close to the surface of the Earth, commonly between 1 km and 10 km under the surface. In geological terms, this is extremely close to the surface, although in human terms, it is considerably deep underground.", "Shrubland, scrubland, scrub or brush is a plant community characterised by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity. It may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as fire. A stable state may be maintained by regular natural disturbance such as fire or browsing. Shrubland may be unsuitable for human habitation because of the danger of fire. The term \"shrubland\" was first coined in 1903.", "The Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the \"Carex\" genus of \"true sedges\" with over 2,000 species. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in almost all environments, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands.", "Narok County is a county in Kenya. Narok County has a population of 850,920. Its capital and largest town is Narok. The governor of Narok county is Samuel Kuntai Ole Tunai.", "Arusha Region is one of Tanzania's 30 administrative regions. Its capital and largest city is the city of Arusha. The region is bordered by Kajiado County and Narok County in Kenya to the north, the Kilimanjaro Region to the east, the Manyara and Singida regions to the south, and the Mara and Simiyu regions to the west. Major towns include Monduli, Namanga, Longido, and Loliondo to the north, Mto wa Mbu and Karatu to the west, and Usa River to the east. The region is comparable in size to the combined land and water areas of the United States state of Maryland." ]

[ "1", "11", "12", "16", "1889", "1903", "1908", "1960", "1971", "1994", "1997", "2", "20", "2004", "2012", "25", "30", "312", "4", "5", "500", "780", "8", "850", "900", "july 2013", "july 2014" ]

[ "Fox News Channel (often shortened to Fox News) is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 American households (81.4% of cable, satellite & telco customers) receive the Fox News Channel. The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York.", "Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American television and radio host, conservative political commentator, author, television network producer, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He hosts the \"Glenn Beck Radio Program\", a popular nationally syndicated talk-radio show that airs throughout the United States on Premiere Radio Networks and the \"Glenn Beck\" television program, which ran from January 2006 to October 2008 on HLN, from January 2009 to June 2011 on the Fox News Channel and currently airs on TheBlaze. Beck has authored six \"New York Times\"bestselling books. Beck is the founder and CEO of Mercury Radio Arts, a multimedia production company through which he produces content for radio, television, publishing, the stage, and the Internet. It was announced on April 6, 2011, that Beck would \"transition off of his daily program\" on Fox News later in the year but would team with Fox to \"produce a slate of projects for Fox News Channel and Fox News' digital properties\". Beck's last daily show on the network was June 30, 2011. In 2012, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" named Beck on its Digital Power Fifty list. He is now a regular CNN contributor.", "Steve Burguiere , known better as `` Stu , '' ( born February 9 , 1976 ) is an American radio producer and personality , and executive producer and the head writer of The Glenn Beck Program on Premiere Networks .", "A head writer is a person who oversees the team of writers on a television or radio series. The title is common in the soap opera genre, as well as with sketch comedies and talk shows that feature monologues and comedy skits, but in prime time series this function is generally performed by an executive producer.", "A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term \"soap opera\" originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past.", "The Hollywood Reporter (THR) is a multi-platform American digital and print magazine founded in 1930 and focusing on the Hollywood motion picture, television, and entertainment industries, as well as Hollywood's intersection with fashion, finance, law, technology, lifestyle, and politics.", "The Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel; however, by April 2016, a CNN executive officially described the channel as \"no longer a TV news network\" and instead as \"a 24-hour global multiplatform network.\" Upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States." ]

[ "entertainment", "fashion", "founder", "fox news channel", "head writer", "media proprietor", "opera", "platform", "producer", "radio", "radio host", "reporter", "television" ]

[ "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Battle Gear 3 ( 3 Batoru Gia Sur ) is a 2002 arcade online racing game released by Taito and based on real Japanese locations such as Hakone and touge races on board tuned sports cars licensed by famous Japanese makers including Nissan , Toyota and Mazda . On December 15 , 2003 , Taito released an updated System 246 version named Battle Gear 3 Tuned ( 3 ) and featuring seven extra cars including the Mazda RX - 8 Type - S ( SE3P ) and the Nissan 350Z ( Z33 ) . Also , four new tracks ( the B courses ) including a secret one , were added , as well as an exclusive `` Takumi Mode '' ( `` '' ) . The Takumi Mode gives the player a finishing time / reduced speed penalty each time the car hits a wall . The purpose of this feature is to offer a more realistic and artistic driving experience dixit the developer himself . This principle was used one year later by Polyphony Digital in Gran Turismo 4 . By Christmas of the same year , Nextech Entertainment ported Battle Gear 3 to the PlayStation 2 with an opening CG movie , an exclusive `` Event Race '' online contest mode and some extras from the updated version , consisting of four cars ( D - Class ) and two courses ( B ) . The Battle Gear ( BG ) franchise has a popular following in Asia due to the continuation of the Side by Side ( ) arcade and PlayStation 1990s series . In late 2002 , a PAL version of Battle Gear 2 was licensed by Midas Interactive and published as Tokyo Road Race in Europe and Oceania . Both `` Net Ranking '' and `` Network '' modes were removed though . By July 2005 , Battle Gear 4 was launched in Japan on Taito 's latest 2.5 GHz CPU based Type X + system board . This new episode introduced official tuned cars such as the Nismo Fairlady S - Tune Z33 , Nismo Skyline S - Tune R34 or the Apexi RX - 7 FD3S ( D1GP'05 version ) , and even licensed European makers for the very first time .", "Battle Gear 4 is an arcade racing game by Taito Corporation released in July 2005. It is the fifth product of the Battle Gear series. In 2006 the cabinets have then been updated to the Battle Gear 4 Tuned specification, which contains more cars, courses, and a new game mode.\nSystem.\nThe game runs on the Taito Type X motherboard, and has capability of connecting to the Internet. The typical controls include the gas and brake pedals, a steering wheel, a + / - gear stick, and a handbrake. A \"Nitrous switch\" is available as well, which triggers either the Nitrous Oxide system on tuned NA cars, or a scramble boost function on tuned cars utilizing forced induction. Both boosts in engine power come at the cost of reduced handling. A newer variant of the cabinet Battle Gear 4 Tuned Professional Version, sports a further clutch pedal, and an H-shaped gearbox control. They are used together to simulate full manual shifting. The professional version was released in November 2006.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "The Taito Type X is an arcade system board released by Taito Corporation in 2004." ]

[ "taito corporation", "taiwan" ]

[ "Rättvik is a locality and the seat of Rättvik Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden, with 4,686 inhabitants in 2010. Its bandy club IFK Rättvik wants to reach the highest division Elitserien and has built an indoor arena. The local baseball team, Rättvik Butchers has won the Swedish cup once and the Swedish championship twice.", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. The group includes the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.", "Dalarna County (\"Dalarnas län\") is a county or \"län\" in middle Sweden. It borders the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It is also bordered by the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Sør-Trøndelag in the west. The capital is Falun.", "Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal. Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport. Only ice hockey is more popular. Bandy also is the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension.", "Dalhalla is an amphitheatre located in a former limestone quarry , and is used as a summer music venue . It is located 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) north of Lake Siljan and the town of Rättvik in Dalarna , central Sweden . The quarry , previously known as Draggängarna , is 60 m ( 200 ft ) deep , 400 m ( 1,300 ft ) long and 175 m ( 574 ft ) wide . It was in operation until 1990 . The open air theater was opened in 1995 and currently has 4,000 seats . The acoustical qualities are comparable to the best outdoor stages in Europe . Dalhalla presents 20 - 30 events each summer , from June to the beginning of September with a combination of opera , choral works , jazz and popular concerts making up the bulk of the program . In 2005 , guest performers came from the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow , and Mikis Theodorakis celebrated his 80th birthday . In June 2007 , English rock group Procol Harum performed with the Gävle Symphony Orchestra and the Dala Sinfonietta Choir , conducted by David Firman . The Jussi Björling Museum is located nearby .", "Dalarna (English exonym: Dalecarlia), is a historical province or \"landskap\" in central Sweden. Another English language form established in literature is the Dales.", "Rättvik Municipality (\"Rättviks kommun\") is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Rättvik.", "Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite (most notably as limestone, which contains both of those minerals) and is the main component of pearls and the shells of marine organisms, snails, and eggs. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime and is created when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to create limescale. It is medicinally used as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous.", "Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs. Its major materials are the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO).", "Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two most common, naturally occurring, crystal forms of calcium carbonate, CaCO (the other form being the mineral calcite). It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.", "Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO). The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 3 as \"calcite\".", "Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding." ]

[ "central", "dalarna", "dalarna county", "denmark", "earth", "east", "europe", "jämtland", "most", "norway", "of", "rock", "rättvik municipality", "sweden", "uppsala" ]

[ "A mobile phone operator or wireless provider is a telephone company that provides services for mobile phone users. The operator gives a SIM card to the customer who inserts it into the mobile phone to gain access to the service.", "Kosovo is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeast Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pristina. It is bordered by the Republic of Macedonia and Albania to the south, Montenegro to the west, and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east. While Serbia recognises administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it still continues to claim it as its own Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.", "Montenegro (or or ; Montenegrin: \"Crna Gora\" / , meaning \"Black Mountain\") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, and Albania to the south-east. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital (\"prijestonica\").", "Telenor Montenegro is the first and largest mobile phone operator in Montenegro . Telenor Montenegro went live ( as ProMonte ) on July 10 , 1996 . As of August 11 , 2004 , Telenor Montenegro is fully owned by Telenor Mobile Communications AS . In November 1995 , PTT of Montenegro and European Telecom Luxembourg signed a contract on establishing a limited liability company in the aim of obtaining a mobile telephony license in Montenegro . Then in January 1996 , consortium ETL and PTT of Montenegro obtained a 20 - year concession for establishing a GSM 900 mobile network in Montenegro . Then ProMonte was founded two months later , in March 1996 . The first mobile telephony call made in Montenegro was on July 10 , 1996 . In December 2001 , ProMonte obtained a 15 - year license , letting it use GSM 900 and DCS 1800 . At the same time , PTT of Montenegro sold ETL its 9 % of ProMonte shares . On August 11 , 2004 , Telenor has completed the acquisition of an additional 55.9 % of the shares in ProMonte , and became the 100 % owner of ProMonte . ProMonte was rebranded as Telenor on May 18 , 2010 . Telenor Montenegro currently has 175 base stations which cover all main roads , the majority of tunnels and all the beaches and winter tourist centers in Montenegro . Telenor Montenegro 's signal covers 98 % of the places where Montenegro 's inhabitants reside - much less than 50 % of the territory of Montenegro . Telenor Montenegro sales network contains around 2100 points all over Montenegro . The IMSI Network Code of Telenor Montenegro is 220 - 02 and there are two MSISDN Network Codes : 38269 and 38263 , followed by 6 - digit personal number . Telenor Montenegro 's signal covers a small area of Serbia , which uses GSM and GPRS technology , under the Network Code : 220 - 07 .", "Albania (; ), officially the Republic of Albania, is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a population of 3.03 million as of 2016. Tirana is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Durrës and Vlorë. Albania is located in the south-western part of the Balkan peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast. The country has a coastline on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest where the Albanian Riviera begins. Albania is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.", "Oslo is the capital and the most populous city in Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. Founded in the year 1040, and established as a \"kaupstad\" or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (\"formannskapsdistrikt\") on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, at which time its original Norwegian name was restored.", "Fornebu (local form \"Fornebo\") is a peninsular area in the suburban municipality of Bærum in Norway, bordering western parts of Oslo.", "Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian, coast. It is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of . The Otranto Sill, an underwater ridge, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from in summer to in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.", "Telenor Group (or ) is a Norwegian multinational telecommunications company headquartered at Fornebu in Bærum, close to Oslo. It is one of the world's largest mobile telecommunications companies with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia. It has extensive broadband and TV distribution operations in four Nordic Countries, and a 10-year-old research and business line for Machine-to-Machine technology. Telenor owns networks in 13 countries, and has operations in 29 countries if their 33% ownership in VimpelCom Ltd is included.", "Eastern Europe, also known as East Europe, is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are \"almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region\". A related United Nations paper adds that \"every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct\".", "The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (lit., \"The North\"). They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, including their associated territories (Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands).", "Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a \"transitional\" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Bosnia and Herzegovina (or ; B&H; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: \"Bosna i Hercegovina\" / a ), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), and, in short, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and the Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about long surrounding the city of Neum. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.", "Podgorica (; Montenegrin Cyrillic: lit. \"[area] under the small hill\") is the capital and largest city of Montenegro. The city was also called Titograd (Montenegrin Cyrillic: ) between 1946 and 1992 when Montenegro was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.", "A telephone company, also known as a telco, telephone service provider, or telecommunications operator, is a kind of communications service provider (CSP) (more precisely a telecommunications service provider or TSP) that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access. Many telephone companies were at one time government agencies or privately owned but state-regulated monopolies. The government agencies are often referred to, primarily in Europe, as PTTs (postal, telegraph and telephone services).", "Bærum is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. A suburb of Oslo, Bærum is located on the west coast of the city." ]

[ "albania", "asia", "austria", "bosnia and herzegovina", "bærum", "central", "croatia", "cyprus", "denmark", "estonia", "europe", "faroe islands", "finland", "france", "gora", "greece", "hungary", "iceland", "independence", "interior", "italy", "kosovo", "latvia", "luxembourg", "malta", "mobile", "norden", "norway", "oslo", "podgorica", "zagreb", "åland islands" ]

[ "Sina - 1 ( Persian : ) is the first Iranian artificial satellite , launched at 6:52 UTC October 28 , 2005 on board a Cosmos - 3M Russian launch vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome . The rocket was also carrying a Russian military Mozhayets - 5 satellite , a Chinese China - DMC , a British Topsat , a European Space Agency SSETI Express , a Norwegian nCube , a German UWE - 1 and a Japanese XI - V. Sina - 1 Satellite Catalog Number or USSPACECOM object number is 28893 . In 2003 , then - Defense Minister Admiral Ali Shamkhani announced that Iran would launch its first satellite on a locally produced launch vehicle within eighteen months . The plan was to develop a booster based on the Shahab - 3 medium - range ballistic missile . When difficulties arose with indigenous booster development , the Iranian Institute of Applied Research turned to the Omsk - based Russian company Polyot for both the launch services and Sina - 1 , for which $ 8 million USD was paid .", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Sputnik 1 (\"Satellite-1\", or -1 [\"PS-1\", i.e., , \"Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1\", \"Elementary Satellite 1\"]) was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.", "TopSat (Tactical Operational Satellite) is a British Earth observation satellite, currently in Low Earth Orbit. The nanosatellite was launched in October 2005 alongside the Beijing-1 Disaster Monitoring Constellation satellite by a Cosmos rocket from Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia.", "The Satellite Catalog Number (also known as NORAD Catalog Number, NASA catalog number, USSPACECOM object number or simply Catalog number and similar variants) is a sequential 5-digit number assigned by United States Space Command to all Earth orbiting satellites in order of identification. Before USSPACECOM, the catalog was maintained by NORAD. The first catalogued object, catalog number 00001, is the final stage of the rocket which launched Sputnik 1. As of 22 September 2016, the NSSDC Master Catalog listed more than 40,000 tracked objects including 7,507 satellites launched into orbit since 1957.", "The Mozhayets 5 was a Russian satellite launched on Thursday, 27 October 2005. Manufactured by AO Polyot and Mozhaisky Military Space Academy the satellite's purpose was to carry a set of scientific equipment for studying the effects of outer space factors on the operation of microelectronic devices and onboard computers." ]

[ "27 october 2005", "4 october 1957", "march 2016" ]

[ "In cryptography, FROG is a block cipher authored by \nGeorgoudis, Leroux and Chaves. The algorithm can work with any block size between 8 and 128 bytes, and supports key sizes between 5 and 125 bytes. The algorithm consists of 8 rounds and has a very complicated key schedule. ", "The front crawl or forward crawl, also known as the Australian crawl or American crawl, is a swimming stroke usually regarded as the fastest of the four front primary strokes. As such, the front crawl stroke is almost universally used during a freestyle swimming competition, and hence freestyle is used metonymically for the front crawl. It is one of two long axis strokes, the other one being the backstroke. Unlike the backstroke, the butterfly stroke, and the breaststroke, the front crawl is not regulated by the FINA. This style is sometimes referred to as the Australian crawl although this can sometimes refer to a more specific variant of front crawl.", "The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes the thorax and the abdomen.", "Christian David Sprenger ( born 19 December 1985 ) is an Australian breaststroke swimmer . He trains at the Commercial Swimming Club under Simon Cusack .", "Commercial Swimming Club is a swimming club that is based at the Fortitude Valley Pool in centre of Brisbane, Queensland. It is one of the most successful clubs in Australia and has produced many Olympic swimmers and medalists.", "Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on his or her chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the front crawl first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires comparable endurance and strength to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the \"frog\" stroke, as the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.", "Queensland (abbreviated as QLD) is the second-largest and third-most-populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,750,500, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The state is the world's sixth largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third largest city. Often referred to as the \"Sunshine State\", Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its warm tropical climate, is a major industry.", "Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of 2.3 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred on Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3.4 million. The Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Great Dividing Range, sprawling across several of Australia's most populous local government areas (LGAs), most centrally the City of Brisbane, which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite." ]

[ "australia", "brisbane", "central", "centre", "fortitude valley", "industry", "moreton", "most", "new south wales", "of", "pacific ocean", "queensland", "south wales", "time" ]

[ "John Michael \"Ozzy\" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English singer, songwriter, and actor. He rose to prominence in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 11 studio albums, the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US. Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions, recording the album \"13\" in 2013. His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\". ", "Jo Burt ( born 1956 ) is an English rock bassist , guitar player , songwriter and vocalist . He is possibly best known for being the bassist for Black Sabbath during their 1987 tour in support of the album The Eternal Idol . He left the band after the tour ended . Jo Burt was also a founding member of Sector 27 with Tom Robinson - and a member of Virginia Wolf with Jason Bonham . Burt also appears on Freddie Mercury 's solo album , Mr. Bad Guy playing fretless bass . He has written , toured , and performed with many other artists , including The Troggs , Brian Setzer , Bob Geldof , Roger Taylor , James Reyne , The Sweet and many more . Burt continues to write music and now lives in Dorset with his wife , Antonia ( a soprano ) . Burt still performs regularly in the UK , Europe and North America with his band , The Jo Burt Experience . He calls his southern - style rock with a trippy Beatles-esque English twist sound `` Anglicana '' - a term he coined himself - and describes it as `` Nashville Rock with an English Accent '' .", "Terence Michael Joseph \"Geezer\" Butler (born 17 July 1949) is an English musician and songwriter. Butler is best known as the bassist and primary lyricist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He has also recorded with Heaven & Hell, GZR, and Ozzy Osbourne.", "Anthony Frank \"Tony\" Iommi (born 19 February 1948) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He is the lead guitarist and founding member of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath, and has been the band's sole continual member and primary composer.", "Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on complex chord progressions. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.", "Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation. Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a struggling minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world.", "Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, with a population in 2014 of 1,101,360. The city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birmingham's metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million. This also makes Birmingham the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Europe.", "Black Sabbath are an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward. The band have since experienced multiple line-up changes, with guitarist Iommi being the only constant presence in the band through the years. Originally formed as a blues rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics and tuned-down guitars. Despite an association with these two themes, Black Sabbath also composed songs dealing with social instability, political corruption, the dangers of drug abuse and apocalyptic prophecies of the horrors of war.", "Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae,\" effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term \"reggae\" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.", "The sousaphone is a type of tuba designed to be easier to play than the concert tuba while standing or marching. It is widely employed in marching bands and various other musical genres. Designed to fit around the body of the musician and supported by the left shoulder, the sousaphone may be readily played while being carried. It is useful in all types of bands that play outdoors, as it directs the sound forward, unlike a traditional upright tuba. The instrument is named after American bandmaster and composer John Philip Sousa, who popularized its use in his band.", "The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced by moving air past the lips, causing them to vibrate or \"buzz\" into a large cupped mouthpiece. It first appeared in the mid 19th-century, making it one of the newer instruments in the modern orchestra and concert band. The tuba largely replaced the ophicleide. \"Tuba\" is Latin for 'trumpet'.", "Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as \"one of America's original art forms\".", "The Eternal Idol is the thirteenth studio album by English Heavy Metal band Black Sabbath, released on November 23, 1987. It is the first Black Sabbath album to feature vocalist Tony Martin. It spent six weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, peaking at 168. It was also the last full album of new material by Black Sabbath to be released by Warner Bros. Records (in North America).", "A bassist, or bass player, is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass, bass guitar, keyboard bass or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or sousaphone. Different musical genres tend to be associated with one or more of these instruments. Since the 1960s, the electric bass has been the standard bass instrument for funk, R&B, soul music, rock and roll, reggae, jazz fusion, heavy metal, country and pop music. The double bass is the standard bass instrument for classical music, bluegrass, rockabilly, and most genres of jazz. Low brass instruments such as the tuba or sousaphone are the standard bass instrument in Dixieland and New Orleans-style jazz bands." ]

[ "actor", "band", "bassist", "butler", "composer", "drummer", "guitarist", "lyricist", "major", "musician", "r", "singer", "songwriter", "united kingdom", "vocalist" ]

[ "The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.", "Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around  43. Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century.", "The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It also flows through Oxford (where it is called Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains the whole of Greater London. ", "A city charter or town charter (generically, municipal charter) is a legal document (\"charter\") establishing a municipality such as a city or town. The concept developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Tain (Gaelic: \"Baile Dhubhthaich\") is a royal burgh and parish in the County of Ross, in the Highlands of Scotland.", "An almshouse is charitable housing provided to enable people (typically elderly people who can no longer work to earn enough to pay rent) to live in a particular community. They are often targeted at the poor of a locality, at those from certain forms of previous employment, or their widows, and are generally maintained by a charity or the trustees of a bequest.", "A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as cities (with municipal charters) or universities and learned societies. Charters should be distinguished from warrants and letters of appointment, as they have perpetual effect. Typically, a Royal Charter is produced as a high-quality work of calligraphy on vellum. The British monarchy has issued over 980 royal charters. Of these about 750 remain in existence. The earliest was to the town of Tain in 1066, making it the oldest Royal Burgh in Scotland, followed by the University of Cambridge in 1231. Charters continue to be issued by the British Crown, a recent example being that awarded to the Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity, on 7 April 2011.", "Letters patent (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president, or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices, or for the granting of city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as governors and governors-general of Commonwealth realms, as well as appointing a Royal Commission. In the United Kingdom they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law) granting exclusive rights in an invention (or a design in the case of a design patent). In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it to avoid infringement and also to understand how to \"practice\" the invention, i.e., put it into practical use.", "Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, among other writing instruments. A contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as, \"the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner\".", "Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.", "Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) was a county in southeast England that is now mostly part of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring counties. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon system from the territory of the Middle Saxons, and existed as an official unit until 1965. The historic county included land stretching north of the River Thames from east to west of the City of London with the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills as the other boundaries. The largely low-lying county, dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south, was the second smallest by area in 1831.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster). ", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "A community is commonly considered a social unit (a group of people) who have something in common, such as norms, values, or identity. Often - but not always - communities share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood). Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community. People tend to define those social ties as important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions like family, home, work, government, society, or humanity, at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties (micro-level), \"community\" may also refer to large group affiliations (or macro-level), such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities.", "London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.", "Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west, East Sussex to the south west, and Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north. The county town is Maidstone. ", "Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.", "Vellum (derived from the Latin word \"vitulinum\" meaning \"made from calf\", leading to Old French \"vélin\", \"calfskin\") often refers to a parchment made from calf skin, as opposed to that from other animals. It is prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books. The term is sometimes used with a more general meaning referring to finer-quality parchments made from a variety of animal skins.", "Sion College , in London , is an institution founded by Royal Charter in 1630 as a college , guild of parochial clergy and almshouse , under the 1623 will of Thomas White , vicar of St Dunstan 's in the West . The clergy who benefit by the foundation are the incumbents of the City parishes , of parishes which adjoined the city bounds when the college was founded , and of parishes subsequently formed out of these .", "The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The assembly was established in 2000 and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames, close to Tower Bridge. The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners (transport, environmental matters, etc.), publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "british isles", "cambridge", "cambridgeshire", "central", "city of london", "colne", "east of england", "east sussex", "england", "essex", "europe", "european union", "grant", "greater london", "hertfordshire", "indonesia", "ireland", "japan", "kent", "kingdom of great britain", "kingston upon thames", "london", "mainland", "middlesex", "north", "north west", "northwest", "of", "river", "road", "schengen", "scotland", "south", "south east england", "split", "surrey", "united kingdom", "wales", "west sussex" ]

[ "Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program (\"TV show\"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.", "NeWS (Network extensible Window System) is a discontinued windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1980s. Originally known as \"SunDew\", its primary authors were James Gosling and David S. H. Rosenthal. The NeWS interpreter was based on PostScript (as was the later Display PostScript, although the two projects were otherwise unrelated) extending it to allow interaction and multiple \"contexts\" to support windows. Like PostScript, NeWS could be used as a complete programming language, but unlike PostScript, NeWS could be used to make complete interactive programs with mouse support and a GUI.", "Family Feud is an American television game show created by Mark Goodson where two families compete to name the most popular responses to survey questions in order to win cash and prizes. It is considered a spin-off of \"Match Game\", whose panel included original host Richard Dawson.", "Mark Goodson (January 14, 1915 December 18, 1992) was an American television producer who specialized in game shows, most frequently with his business partner Bill Todman, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions", "La Guerre des clans is a French Canadian television game show based on the American series Family Feud and was hosted by Luc Senay . It was taped at TQS in Montreal and ran from 1992 to 1997 . Like Family Feud , La Guerre des clans pits two families against each other in a contest to name the most popular responses to a survey - type question . On August 31 , 2009 , V ( formerly TQS ) brought back the show with Jean - François Baril as host , taped at the Télé - Québec studios .", "Match Game is an American television panel game show that premiered on NBC in 1962 and was revived several times over the course of the next few decades. The game featured contestants trying to come up with answers to fill-in-the-blank questions, with the object being to match answers given by celebrity panelists.", "Mount Royal is a large volcanic-related hill or small mountain in the city of Montreal, immediately west of downtown Montreal, Quebec (in Canada), the city to which it gave its name.", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "Montreal officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French, is the most populous municipality in Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada. Originally called \"Ville-Marie\", or \"City of Mary,\" it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters." ]

[ "city", "james", "mark goodson", "nbc" ]

[ "Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are triplet cartoon characters created in 1937 by writer Ted Osborne and cartoonist Al Taliaferro, and are owned by The Walt Disney Company. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are the nephews of Donald Duck and the grandnephews of Scrooge McDuck. Like their uncles, the boys are anthropomorphic white ducks with yellow-orange beaks and feet. They typically wear shirts and colorful baseball caps, which are sometimes used to differentiate each character. Huey, Dewey and Louie have made several animated appearances in both films and television, but comics remain their primary medium. The trio are collectively the 11th most published comic book characters in the world, and outside of the superhero genre, second only to Donald.", "Featurette is a term used in the American film industry to designate a film usually of three reels in length, or about 2440 minutes in running time, thus longer than a two-reel short subject but shorter than a feature film. Hence, it is a \"small feature\" (the ending \"-ette\" is a common diminutive suffix derived from French). The term was commonly used from before the start of the sound era into the 1960s, when films of such length as the Hal Roach's Streamlinersand several French films of that lengthceased being made, or were made as experimental or art films and subsumed under the more general rubric of short. Its use outside the USA is unknown, although it was as commonly applied to foreign imports as to domestic productions within that country.", "Donald Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions. Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically wears a sailor shirt and cap with a bow tie. Donald is most famous for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and temperamental personality. Along with his friend Mickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002. He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character, and is the most published comic book character in the world outside of the superhero genre.", "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "Walter Elias \"Walt\" Disney (December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.", "Scrooge McDuck is a fictional character created in 1947 by Carl Barks during his time as a work-for-hire for The Walt Disney Company. Scrooge is an elderly Scottish anthropomorphic Pekin duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically wears a red or blue frock coat, top hat, pince-nez glasses, and spats. He is portrayed in animations as speaking with a Scottish accent, also sometimes known as a Scottish burr. Named after Ebenezer Scrooge from the 1843 novel \"A Christmas Carol\", Scrooge is a wealthy Scottish business magnate and tycoon whose dominant character trait is his thrift. He is the maternal uncle of Donald Duck, the grand-uncle of Huey, Dewey and Louie, and a usual financial backer of Gyro Gearloose. Within the context of the fictional Duck universe, he is the world's richest person. His \"Money Bin\"and indeed Scrooge himselfare often used as a humorous metonyms for great wealth in popular culture around the world.", "Ted Osborne (February 6, 1900 or 1901 March 12, 1968) was an American writer of comics, radio shows and animated films, remembered for his contributions to the creation and refinement, during the 1930s, of Walt Disney cartoon characters.", "The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio, then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing, and online media.", "A short film is any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. Although no consensus exists as to where that boundary is drawn, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as \"an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits\". The term featurette originally applied to a film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film.", "Good Scouts is a 1938 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures . The cartoon follows Donald Duck leading his nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie on a scouting trip through the wilderness . It was directed by Jack King and features Clarence Nash as Donald and the three nephews . Good Scouts was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 11th Academy Awards in 1939 , but lost to Disney 's own Ferdinand the Bull . Also nominated that year from Disney were Brave Little Tailor and Mother Goose Goes Hollywood , setting the record for most nominations in the category for one studio . Good Scouts was the first Academy Award nomination for the Donald Duck series ." ]

[ "carl barks", "hal roach", "ub iwerks", "walt", "walt disney" ]

[ "The Top 14 is a rugby union club competition that is played in France created in 1892. The Top 14 is at the top of the national league system operated by the French National Rugby League, also known by its French initialism of LNR. There is promotion and relegation between the Top 14 and the next level down, the Rugby Pro D2. The fourteen best rugby teams in France participate in the competition, hence the name Top 14. The competition was previously known as the Top 16.", "Fiji ((), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north.", "A team sport includes any sport which involves two or more players working together towards a shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to win. Examples are basketball, volleyball, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey.", "A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.", "Viti Levu (pronounced ) is the largest island in the Republic of Fiji, the site of the nation's capital, Suva, and home to a large majority of Fiji's population.", "Nadi (pronounced ) is the third-largest conurbation in Fiji. It is located on the western side of the main island of Viti Levu, and had a population of 42,284 at the most recent census, in 2007. A 2012 estimate showed that the population had grown to over 50,000. Nadi is multiracial with many of its inhabitants Indian or Fijian, along with a large transient population of foreign tourists. Along with sugar cane production, tourism is a mainstay of the local economy. ", "The County of Roussillon was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages. The rulers of the county were the Counts of Roussillon, whose interests lay both north and south of the Pyrenees.", "Union Sportive des Arlequins Perpignanais, generally referred to as USA Perpignan, is a French rugby union club that plays in the city of Perpignan in Pyrénées-Orientales. The club currently competes in the Rugby Pro D2, the second level of the French league system.", "The Kingdom of Majorca (; ) was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as \"James The Conqueror\". After the death of his firstborn son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 and created the kingdom to cede it to his son James. The disposition was maintained during successive versions of his will and so when James I died in 1276, the Crown of Aragon passed to his eldest son Peter, known as Peter III of Aragon or \"Peter the Great\". The Kingdom of Majorca passed to James, who reigned under the name of James II of Majorca. After 1279, Peter III of Aragon established that the king of Majorca was a vassal to the king of Aragon. The title continued to be employed by the Aragonese and Spanish monarchs until its dissolution by the 1715 Nueva Planta decrees.", "Samueli Dawai Naulu , ( February 1982 - 30 March 2013 ) , was a Fijian rugby union footballer . He was born in Narewa , Nadi . He played as a wing . He played for the USA Perpignan team in the Heineken Cup as well as playing for the same team in the French Top 14 Competition . Samueli was 1.94 m ( 6 ' 4 `` ) tall and weighed 116 kg ( 18 st 3 lb ) . When he joined Perpignan he used to play as a flanker but because the coach thought he would make a good winger he was trialled at the wing . He became USA Perpignan 's first choice winger after joining the side after playing Rugby League . He died on 30 March 2013 after his car collided with a tree in around 5am , 20 km south of Bergerac in Issigeac , France .", "Perpignan is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in south-western France. Perpignan was the capital of the former province and County of Roussillon (\"Rosselló\" in Catalan) and continental capital of the Kingdom of Majorca in the 13th and 14th centuries.", "A try is a way of scoring points in rugby union and rugby league football. A try is scored by grounding the ball (the ball must be touching the player when coming into contact with the ground) in the opposition's in-goal area (on or behind the goal line). Rugby union and league differ slightly in defining 'grounding the ball' and the 'in-goal' area.", "Rugby is a type of football developed at Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, one of many versions of football played at English public schools in the 19th century. The two main types of rugby are rugby league and rugby union. Although rugby league initially used rugby union rules, they are now wholly separate sports.", "Pyrénées-Orientales (; \"Eastern Pyrenees\") is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain.", "Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "Rugby Pro D2, also known as Pro D2 is the second division of domestic club rugby union in France. Rugby Pro D2 is directly below the first division, Top 14. Pro D2 was introduced in 2000.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux." ]

[ "aragon", "atlantic ocean", "crown of aragon", "england", "fiji", "france", "frontier", "home", "island", "lille", "majorca", "most", "nadi", "new caledonia", "new zealand", "nice", "of", "pacific", "pacific ocean", "perpignan", "polo", "republic", "rugby", "side", "southeast", "suva", "tonga", "toulouse", "union", "usa", "wales", "warwickshire" ]