input: [0] Drivers of intellectual shift [Strategy] Widespread dissemination of management knowledge due to increase in number of business schools and MBAs. [Software Development] 
output: Emergence of object oriented (OO) or a modular approach to software development. Widespread adoption of OO development. Lowered cost of design reuse, code reuse and testing. Emergence of purchasable class libraries that provided close to plug and play functionality.