[20000, "Ivica Kralj ( Serbian Cyrillic : \u0418\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459 , pronounced [\u01d0vitsa kr\u00e2\u028e] ; born 26 March 1973) is a Montenegrin former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his playing career, Kralj was best known for his time at Partizan , having three spells at the club and winning five major trophies. He also played for Porto and PSV .At international level, Kralj represented FR Yugoslavia at the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 , reaching the knockout stage in both tournaments.Born in Kotor and raised in Tivat , Kralj started out at his local club Arsenal Tivat , before joining Partizan as a trainee in the summer of 1987. He broke into their first team at the age of 16, sitting on the bench during a 5\u20134 away loss to Celtic in the second leg of the European Cup Winners' Cup first round on 27 September 1989. In order to gain experience, Kralj was later sent out on loan to Zvezdara (1992\u201393) and Jastrebac Ni\u0161 ( 1993\u201394 ), before returning to Partizan. He made his league debut for the club in the 1995\u201396 season , as they won the championship title. In the 1996\u201397 campaign , Partizan won their second consecutive title, as Kralj became the club's undisputed first-choice goalkeeper and earned his first national team cap. He also won the FR Yugoslavia Cup in the 1997\u201398 season , before going abroad. In the summer of 1998, Kralj moved to Portugal and signed with Porto . He initially established himself as the club's first-choice goalkeeper, helping them win the Superta\u00e7a on 9 September 1998 . However, following V\u00edtor Ba\u00eda 's return to Porto in the 1999 winter transfer window, Kralj completely lost his place in the starting lineup. He was subsequently loaned to Radni\u010dki Kragujevac until the end of the 1998\u201399 season .In the 1999 summer transfer window, Kralj was transferred to Dutch club PSV . He featured in the UEFA Champions League of that year where PSV suffered a 4\u20131 defeat to Rangers in the group stage. Shortly after, Kralj suffered a hamstring injury, ruling him out for five months. He returned to action in April 2000, but was mainly a backup to Ronald Waterreus and Patrick Lodewijks , as the club convincingly won the domestic league in his debut season at Philips Stadion . After failing to make any appearances in the first half of the 2000\u201301 season, Kralj was loaned to his former club Partizan in January 2001. He added one more national cup trophy to his collection, despite not getting any game time in the competition. After returning to PSV, Kralj was the club's third-choice goalkeeper behind Waterreus and Lodewijks. He eventually left the club by mutual consent in 2002. In June 2003, Kralj made another return to Partizan, signing a one-year deal. He quickly found his form and helped the team qualify for the Champions League in the 2003\u201304 campaign , saving two penalties in the shootout against Newcastle United at St James' Park in the final qualifying round. However, Kralj failed to make any appearances in the group stage due to an injury. He eventually signed a three-year extension to his contract with Partizan in May 2004. After recovering from injury, Kralj was a first team regular, helping his team win the league title in 2005 , with an unbeaten record. He left the club at the end of his contract, stating his disappointment towards some members of the club's board. In August 2007, Kralj moved to Russia as a free agent and signed with Rostov . He was joined by his former teammate Albert Na\u0111 . However, Kralj failed to make any competitive appearance for the club, as they suffered relegation from the top flight after finishing bottom of the table. He was released by Rostov in December 2007, alongside Na\u0111 and several other players. In July 2008, Kralj moved to Slovak club Spartak Trnava , signed by his former manager Vladimir Vermezovi\u0107 , on a two-year deal. He agreed to leave the club in late 2009, due to his chronic injury problems, eventually retiring from the game.Kralj made his international debut for FR Yugoslavia on 28 December 1996, coming on as a late second-half substitute for Zvonko Milojevi\u0107 in a 3\u20132 friendly win away to Argentina . He subsequently became the first-choice goalkeeper for the national team under Slobodan Santra\u010d , helping them to qualify for the 1998 FIFA World Cup . In the final tournament, Kralj played the full 90 minutes in all of his team's four games, as they were eliminated by the Netherlands in the knockout stage. Despite not playing regularly at club level, Kralj was named by Vujadin Bo\u0161kov in Yugoslavia's final UEFA Euro 2000 squad, choosing the number 22 shirt. They went on to reach the quarter-finals of the competition, where the team was eliminated by the Netherlands. The hosts achieved a convincing 6\u20131 victory, including a hat-trick by Patrick Kluivert and a brace by Marc Overmars . In June 2001, after a one-year absence from the national team, Kralj was selected to represent his country at the Kirin Cup . He made his last appearance for FR Yugoslavia in a 1\u20131 home draw with Slovenia on 5 September 2001, as the country failed to qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup . Over a five-year international career, Kralj earned 41 caps for Yugoslavia. After hanging up his boots, Kralj worked for some time as a player agent . He was appointed as president of Ma\u010dva \u0160abac in January 2015. In November 2020, after spending five and a half years in charge, Kralj stepped down from his position. In September 2022, Kralj was appointed as sporting director of Partizan . In September 2024, Kralj was dismissed from the position, and was replaced by previous sporting director Ivica Iliev . PartizanPortoPSV", ["2_0"]] [20003, "Paladina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy , located about 45 kilometres (28\u00a0mi) northeast of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3\u00a0mi) northwest of Bergamo . Paladina borders the following municipalities: Alm\u00e8 , Almenno San Bartolomeo , Almenno San Salvatore , Bergamo , Sorisole , Valbrembo . Part of Paladina's territory is included in Parco dei Colli di Bergamo and is crossed by river Quisa .This article on a location in the Province of Bergamo is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_3"]] [20004, "Lilian Marie Corneel Marijnissen (born 11 July 1985) is a Dutch politician who served as Leader of the Socialist Party and as its parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives from December 2017 to December 2023. She was first installed as a member of the House of Representatives on 23 March 2017 following the general election of 15 March. On December 9, 2023, she announced that she would step down as member of the House of Representatives as well as leader of the Socialist Party in the House of Representatives. Marijnissen is a daughter of Jan Marijnissen , a politician and formerly the leader of the same party. Her mother is Mari-Anne Marijnissen. Lilian Marijnissen previously served as a member of the municipal council of Oss from 2003 to 2016 like her mother before her.From 2018 to 2021, Marijnissen was in a relationship with Dutch television presenter and sports reporter Bart Nolles . She later entered a relationship with Joeri Jansen, and their daughter was born in September 2024. This article about a Dutch politician is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_4"]] [20008, "St John the Evangelist's Church is in Church Street, Farnworth , Greater Manchester , England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Bolton, the archdeaconry of Bolton, and the diocese of Manchester . Its benefice is united with those of St\u00a0Peter, Farnworth, Holy Trinity, Prestolee, and St\u00a0Saviour, Ringley . The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade\u00a0II listed building . St John's was built as a Commissioners' church between 1824 and 1826 to a design by Thomas Hardwick . The chancel and porches were added in 1873 by the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin , and the church was restored, at a cost of \u00a34,000 (equivalent to \u00a3450,000 in 2023). In 1912 the pinnacles were removed from the tower. The church is constructed in stone and has slate roofs. Its plan consists of a five- bay nave , a three-bay chancel , a south vestry , an organ loft to the north, and a west tower. The tower is in four stages separated by string courses , and has octagonal buttresses rising to turrets at the corners. In the bottom is a doorway with a pointed arch, above which is a two-light window. In the third stage is a diagonal clock face, and the two-light bell openings are louvred . The parapet is embattled . On each side of the tower are two-light windows, and there are similar windows on the north and south sides of the church. The east widow has five lights. There is a gallery on three sides of the church, supported by octagonal columns. On the west gallery are the royal arms of George I . The ceiling is flat and contains ribs and bosses . Between the chancel and the vestry to the north and the organ loft to the south are two-bay arcades . The reredos and pews date from 1874. The font is octagonal, standing on a moulded shaft, and has panelled sides. The wooden pulpit dates from 1907, and stands on a stone quatrefoil column. The stained glass in the east window depicts the Baptism of Jesus and the Crucifixion . Elsewhere there is glass by Heaton, Butler and Bayne of 1908, G.\u00a0Wragge of 1923, Shrigley and Hunt of 1939, and W.\u00a0Pointer of 1958. The three- manual pipe organ was built in 1894 by Peter Conacher and Company . In 1980 its action was changed from tubular-pneumatic to electro-pneumatic by H.\u00a0Y.\u00a0Ainscough. However, by 2002 it had become unreliable. It was mothballed and replaced by an electronic organ . There is a ring of eight bells, all of which were cast in 1954 by John Taylor & Co . The gates and gate piers to the churchyard dating from about 1826 or later are listed at Grade II. The churchyard contains the war grave of a Royal Army Service Corps soldier of World War I . The churchyard also contains the grave of Thomas Bonsor Crompton, inventor of the felted drying cylinder, which he patented in 1821. This allowed for the continuous drying of paper for the first time. ", ["2_8"]] [20010, "Mollie McConnell (September 24, 1865 \u2013 December 9, 1920) was an American silent film actress . McConnell was born in Chicago, Illinois, and attended Mills Seminary in Oakland, California. She studied further at \"Miss Grant's college\" in Chicago, but left there in favor of acting. Before her 1913 movie debut, she was a national and international theater performer. In 1914, she signed a contract with Balboa Amusement Producing Company and played matronly roles in many of their films. She starred with William Garwood in the 1914 western A Ticket to Red Horse Gulch .She married Will A. McConnell in the fall of 1890. This article about a United States film actor born in the 1860s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_10"]] [20011, "Marco Katz (born March 16, 1952, in New York City , USA) serves as an editor for a series that brings together music and literature at Palgrave Macmillan . He plays trombone and arranges and composes music for band , brass quintet and other musical ensembles. The reviewer Adam Gaines, in a review of the Bundee Brothers Bone Band album, wrote that \"Katz's compositions are a real highlight of the disc. His trombone writing is expertly idiomatic, and his music is harmonically interesting without being obtuse.\" Mundo Universitario , a program televised by the University of Valle , featured \"Marco Katz, master of literature and a professional musician, who was the last trombonist with the legends Charlie Palmieri and Mon Rivera .\" As a jazz and salsa trombonist in New York City, Katz became known for his unique use of the plunger mute . Katz performed as a featured soloist with Mon Rivera and recorded with the Lebron Brothers and Carlos Barber\u00eda y su Orquesta Kubavana . In 1978, he was nominated \u201cTrombonist of the Year\u201d by Latin NY magazine for his recording work with the Alegre All-Stars director Charlie Palmieri . Writing in Herencia Latina , the music critic Jairo Grijalba Ruiz noted that \"The Heavyweight\" by Palmieri included \"a solo with mute by Marco Katz, which is truly extraordinary and at the same time brief demonstration of his style.\" [ unreliable source? ]In 1994, he recorded \"Tubby the Tuba Meets a Jazz Band\" for Tubby the Tuba and Friends , an Angel Records release with narrations by Paul Tripp and performances by Bob Stewart on tuba, Jimmy Owens on trumpet, Paquito D'Rivera on clarinet, Katz on trombone, Chuck Folds on piano, John Thomas on percussion and Oliver Jackson on drums. This track was re-released as part of Tubby the Tuba Presents Play it Happy , on the Koch Records, now E1 Music , catalog with Meredith Vieira as narrator. Katz's score for Zoey's Zoo ( Oh Yeah! Cartoons on the Nickelodeon channel) helped the Nickelodeon production win first place at the 31st Annual International Animated Film Association (ASIFA) East Animation Festival on May 7, 2000. Katz\u2019s compositions have been performed by the New York All-City High School band at Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall , his \"Love Songs Theme\" was broadcast nationally on VH1 , and his arrangement of \" Good Old Mountain Dew \" was performed by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra . In 2013, Centaur Records released his song cycle for voice and piano based on Piedras del cielo by Pablo Neruda . Katz's arrangements and compositions are published by Bourne Co. Music Publishers , International Music Co. and Carl Fischer Music . The arrangements for the International Music Company often employ classical compositions in settings for trombones and brass quintets. Although some of these works, especially the trombone trios and quartets, have been well received by educators, a reviewer in the International Trumpet Guild Journal finds fault with Katz's brass quintet arrangements of music by Juan Morel Campos . The reviewer objects to Katz's positing of Morel Campos as an important composer, noting \"he does not merit a mention in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians .\" As for the works themselves, the reviewer finds them \"rhythmically interesting but rather simple melodically.\" Katz earned a Performing-Artists-in-the-Schools certification from Teachers College, Columbia University , in 1987. Five years later, he studied gamelan music in Bali . From 2001-2002, he lived in Spain and studied art, politics and literature at the Complutense University of Madrid , textual training that helped him formulate critical views on the place of musicians in contemporary society. He later earned his BA and MA at Humboldt State University and a PhD at the University of Alberta . Following those studies, he began to perform music and teach literature at MacEwan University . In the twenty-first century, Katz has turned to writing on music and other cultural topics. Palgrave Macmillan published his academic study of novels, Music and Identity in Twentieth Century Literature from Our America: Noteworthy Protagonists , a book that considers links between music and literature in works by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez , Alejo Carpentier , Zora Neale Hurston , John Okada , Joy Kogawa , and Tomson Highway . His article on \"Popular Music Genres\" appears in A Companion to Popular Culture , published in 2016 by Wiley-Blackwell . Katz's English and Spanish language articles appear in the Routledge journal Popular Music and Society , Comparative American Studies , Atlantic Studies , Esp\u00e9culo ( Complutense University of Madrid ), La Guagua , and Culturas Populares Revista Electr\u00f3nica 5 ( University of Alcal\u00e1 ) (July\u2013December 2007). His article, \"Jos\u00e9 Watanabe y el huso de la palabra\" appears in Kaikan , a publication of the Asociaci\u00f3n Peruano Japonesa in Lima, Peru that recognizes Katz's work on Peruvian Nikkei. An interview in Discover Nikkei , published by the Japanese American National Museum , further explores Katz's work in this area. His essay on Peruvian Dekasegi, \u201cWhose Diaspora is This Anyway?: Peruvians, Japanese Perhaps, and Dekasegi, appears in Narratives of Citizenship: Indigenous and Diasporic Communities Unsettle the Nation-State ( University of Alberta Press ). Katz has also presented papers on music and literature at conferences of JALLA [Jornadas Andinas de Literatura Latino Americana], the National Association for Ethnic Studies, the Society for Ethnomusicology , the Modern Language Association , the Latin American Studies Association , and the American Comparative Literature Association.Katz is the son of thespians Kip Gaylor (Sheldon F. Katz) and Ginny Gaylor (Virginia Montiel), the latter known as the \"Lost Star of Vintage Paperbacks.\" In addition to appearing on the covers of numerous Vintage Books , his mother also modeled for early television commercials, magazine advertisements, and vinyl record albums. Fans of Duke Ellington have seen Ginny Gaylor on the cover of A Drum Is a Woman . His father, Kip Gaylor, acted as an extra in films and had speaking roles in early television shows, including Mister Peepers , with Wally Cox and Tony Randall . Katz is married to art historian M. Elizabeth \"Betsy\" Boone. As trombonist:As composer:Compositions:Arrangements:In EnglishIn Spanish", ["2_11"]] [20013, "Jonathan William Coachman (born August 12, 1973), also known as \" The Coach \", is an American sports analyst and former professional wrestling personality. Before embarking on an announcing career in professional wrestling , Coachman was a high school basketball player. After two state basketball championships at McPherson High School in McPherson, Kansas , Coachman moved across town to continue playing for McPherson College . While at McPherson, Coachman's interests included participating in theatre, serving as the sports editor for the school newspaper , and doing play-by-play and color commentary for the local football and basketball radio broadcasts. Coachman was also a sports reporter/anchor at KAKE in Wichita, Kansas , and also lived for a time in Newton Falls, Ohio , frequently attending Youngstown State Penguins basketball games. Coachman also starred in many instructional videos used for technical education classrooms of middle schools and high schools. One set of videos featured \"Coach\" instructing people on flight navigation and the basics of airplanes . He also had a \"boyfriend-in-a-box\" modeled after him during college. Coachman also worked for local Kansas City news station KMBC-TV , where he was a correspondent for Larry King Live ' s coverage of Owen Hart 's death in May 1999.Coachman began his World Wrestling Federation (WWF) career as an interviewer, commentator, and presenter on SmackDown! on January 13, 2000. Coachman was also involved in occasional segments with The Rock , in which The Rock attempted to humiliate Coachman in any form possible, whether it was forcing him to sing, dance, or smile for the camera. The Rock also accused Coachman of performing rather lewd activities with farm animals.During winter of 2001, Coachman was pressed into service as a sideline reporter for regional telecasts of the WWF-owned XFL , initially serving on the same broadcast team as WWF commentators Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler .The Coach made a heel turn against Shane McMahon on August 24, 2003, at SummerSlam . After this he would have an on-screen role as the \"lackey\" to then General Manager of Raw , Eric Bischoff . The Coach continued to work as a heel and later teamed up with his fellow WWE Heat announcer Al Snow in a storyline feud against the Raw announce team, Jerry Lawler and Jim Ross . This feud would even see the pair win the right to announce the main show from Ross and Lawler at one point, as The Coach and Snow defeated Ross and Lawler at Unforgiven . Later, The Coach achieved a singles victory on pay-per-view at Backlash , in 2004 by defeating Tajiri (albeit with the assistance of Garrison Cade ). The Coach would go on to host the 2004 and 2005 Raw Diva Searches . Later, The Coach would gain his own column in the now defunct Raw Magazine (\"Coach's Corner\") and his own webcast on WWE.com (\"CoachCast\"). Coachman was officially added as the third member to the Raw broadcast team and signed a multi-year contract with WWE in 2005.During October 2005, The Coach was involved in an angle involving the McMahon Family publicly firing Jim Ross due to the actions of Ross's friend, Steve Austin . The firing of Ross gave The Coach the position of lead announcer on Raw . The storyline would culminate in a match at Taboo Tuesday where Austin was scheduled to face The Coach in a match with both Austin's and Ross's jobs on the line. Though the match was originally scheduled to be Austin versus The Coach, Austin refused to participate because of issues he had with the storyline (the original story was said to have called for Austin to lose following a run-in by the returning Mark Henry ). World Heavyweight Champion Batista was renamed the opponent to play up the SmackDown! vs. Raw storylines. On the October 31, 2005 edition of Raw , Batista came out and accepted the match only to be attacked by The Coach's backup, the returning Goldust and Vader . At Taboo Tuesday, Batista faced off against The Coach in a fan-voted Street Fight. Vader and Goldust tried to interfere in the match, but Batista won. However, no mention of the Jim Ross stipulation was ever mentioned after the match.Former ECW announcer Joey Styles soon replaced The Coach in a move that became permanent despite The Coach's on-air protestations that Styles' presence was temporary. The Coach retained a prominent role on the Raw announcing team as the heel representative of a three-man booth with Styles, the play-by-play man, and Jerry \"The King\" Lawler , the babyface color commentator .On the January 23, 2006 edition of Raw , The Coach defeated Lawler to win the last Raw spot in the Royal Rumble match via interference from the debuting Spirit Squad . The Coach would enter seventh during the match only to be eliminated almost immediately by Big Show . During the April 24 edition of Raw , after Coachman hosted a Divas bikini contest, Viscera came down to the ring and performed the Viscagra on Coachman. During the commercial break of that show, still in the ring, he quit in protest of his treatment on Raw. On the May 29 edition of Raw , it was revealed that Mr. McMahon had hired Coachman under the new position of McMahon's Executive Assistant ; to aid McMahon in the daily running of the Raw brand, and actually acted as the General Manager when the McMahons were absent. While Executive Assistant, Coachman, along with the McMahons, feuded with the reformed D-Generation X and also had issues with John Cena . On June 18, 2007, Coachman was officially named Interim General Manager of Raw by the McMahon Family following the kayfabe death of Vince McMahon in a limo explosion. On the August 6, 2007 edition of Raw, William Regal became the new General Manager on the Raw brand after winning a battle royal featuring other participants from the Raw roster. As a result, Coachman was removed from his position as Interim General Manager and became Regal's new assistant. However, following a kayfabe assault by John Cena on Regal during the September 3 edition of Raw , Regal had to be temporarily relieved of his duties as General Manager at which point Coachman was once again named interim General Manager of Raw until Regal was fit to resume his role. On the October 1 edition of Raw , Regal returned as General Manager which resulted in Coachman being once again demoted to his prior rank. On the December 3, 2007 edition of Raw , Coach was in a No DQ Handicap match with Carlito against Hornswoggle , with whom he had been having problems. However, Hornswoggle had paid the APA to protect him during the match. Coachman was pinned by Hornswoggle after a Clothesline from Hell and a Tadpole Splash . A rivalry ensued and one night Coachman chased Hornswoggle all over the backstage area, and it eventually moved to the arena, where Hornswoggle performed his \"hide under the ring\" trick to get away. Coachman moved to the other side of the ring and pulled out a detonator , much to the surprise of Jim Ross . He attempted to activate the detonator twice, but nothing happened. He then moved under the ring to check the explosives, and Hornswoggle came out from under the ring, and successfully detonated the explosives, causing smoke to appear from under the ring, and the cameras to make television screens change color, from gray to rainbow, and according to Ross, the building shook. Coachman was charred and unable to move.On the January 4, 2008 episode of SmackDown! , Coachman would replace John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (JBL), who rejoined Raw the previous week, on commentary alongside Michael Cole . Later that year in June, Coachman's contract expired after he decided not to renew it.On March 25, 2016, Coachman made a special appearance during WWE's live event held at Madison Square Garden . On the March 28 episode of Raw , Coachman returned to WWE television for the first time in almost 8 years, cutting a promo with The New Day . Coachman would also announce that SportsCenter would be live leading up to WrestleMania 32 on April 3. On the January 22, 2018, episode of Raw 25 Years , Coachman would appear in a backstage segment with Raw general manager Kurt Angle and other past WWE talent, Harvey Wippleman , The Brooklyn Brawler , Theodore Long , Brother Love and The Boogeyman .On January 29, 2018, Coachman re-signed with WWE, joining the Raw commentary team alongside Michael Cole and Corey Graves , replacing Booker T as color commentator. On September 10, Coachman would leave the Raw commentary team, being replaced by Renee Young , with Coachman becoming the new pre-show panel host for pay-per-views.Coachman also served as pregame host for the 2020 incarnation of the XFL . Coachman left WWE and the XFL in 2021, stating that he had expected to be reimbursed for his travel expenses but never was due to the XFL's bankruptcy. In 2008, Coachman left WWE to begin a career with ESPN. Starting in mid-2015, Coachman began presenting highlights of WWE's best moments of the week on ESPN and having weekly sitdown interviews with WWE wrestlers on SportsCenter . In October 2017, Coachman announced via his Periscope that his contract at ESPN had expired, thus confirming his departure from the network.As WWE has a television deal with NBCUniversal, in 2018, he was named play-by-play announcer for the NBC-owned World Long Drive Championship . Coachman is also a commentator for PGA Tour Live, which is an NBC Sports Gold subscription service providing additional coverage of golf tournaments.As of 2021, Coachman was employed by CBS Sports . Coachman is also an analyst for Mixed Martial Arts promotion Professional Fighters League . Coachman and his ex-wife Amy have two children. Amy is a former college athlete, and a personal trainer. In addition to his WWE assignments, Coachman called various sports events on College Sports Television , a cable and satellite network owned by CBS , including football, basketball, baseball and softball. He also called college basketball for CN8 . In addition, Coachman served as the part-time play-by-play announcer for the WNBA 's New York Liberty on the MSG Network , as well as the studio host for New York Knicks games. He also hosted the weekly MSG program MSG, NY . In 2009, Coachman signed with ESPN as anchor of SportsCenter . In 2012, he became the host of Coach & Company , a nationally syndicated radio program that airs on ESPN Radio .Coachman also lends his voice talents to the video games Black College Football Xperience: The Doug Williams Edition , Madden NFL 19 , Madden NFL 20 , Madden NFL 21 and Madden 24 .", ["2_13"]] [20014, "Joel \" Joey \" Haywood (born 3 September 1984) is a Canadian-born Trinidad and Tobago former professional basketball player who was a member of the Trinidad and Tobago national team . Due to his reputation as a streetball player and his ball-handling expertise, he is often nicknamed \" The King Handles \". Haywood was born on 3 September 1984 in Vancouver , British Columbia . His family\u2014which included his father Zephryn and older brother Gary\u2014moved from Trinidad and Tobago to the city of Burnaby in British Columbia in Canada . Gary, who regularly played basketball , would often take his younger sibling with him when he played. At age 7, Joey chose to stick with the sport instead of playing soccer , his father's favorite sport. He said, \"In soccer, there's too many people on the field, and you don't get your time to shine.\" In the area Haywood was brought up, he practiced playing in the same park that future Simon Fraser University star Jordan Mason would practice in. Haywood's ball-handling skills helped him get noticed by former Harlem Globetrotters member Mel Davis, with whom he would begin taking lessons. He eventually joined the Kits Youth Basketball League, a competition for young players from ages 13 to 16. His performance there helped him get chosen to play a role in the film Air Bud . Haywood attended Magee Secondary School in his hometown of Vancouver, following his friends there. Instantly, he became a star on the school's basketball team and was considered the top player in every grade. At around this time, Haywood tried out for the British Columbia provincial under-16 team and was one of the top 20 players on its roster. However, his style of play made him a less appealing player. In his senior year, Magee failed to make the provincials round, but Haywood managed to score 38 points in a loss to Kitsilano Secondary School , the reigning AAA Provincial Champions, in what is sometimes considered one of his best performances at the high school level. In high school, Haywood along with his friends would star in the Notic tapes which were an underground production company based in Vancouver. Together they were known as the Notic and this eventually led to them being part of the motion capture for EA Sport's NBA Street , released in 2001. Following graduation from high school, Haywood was approached by local college basketball programs such as those in Capilano and Langara College , and decided to join the latter school. Upon joining Langara Falcons basketball team, however, he mainly played as the substitute guard and saw limited minutes on the court. He left the Falcons after only one 4-month term. Haywood transferred to Saint Mary's to play with the Huskies in 2008. Standing 6\u00a0ft 1 in (1.85 m) and weighing 170\u00a0lbs (77\u00a0kg), he generally plays the point guard position. Haywood has appeared in multiple NBL Canada Finals throughout his playing career, and is a two-time All-Star in the league. He has been named to the NBL All-Defence team, All-Canada team, and won the Canadian of the Year Award in both 2012 and 2013. Haywood has experience playing overseas, primarily in the Basketligaen in Denmark , where he finished the 2014 season as its leading scorer, an All-Star, and a strong candidate for Most Valuable Player. Joey was drafted by Kevin Durant to play in Nike's 2014 Summer is Serious tournament.In October 2014, Haywood signed with \u00darvalsdeild karla club Grindav\u00edk . He was released by the club in end of October after four games after the clubs needs shifted to a bigger player after losing starting center Sigur\u00f0ur \u00deorsteinsson to the Solna Vikings . In the four games, Haywood averaged 17.5 points and 5.8 assists. In April 2020, Haywood signed with the Fraser Valley Bandits of the Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL). In the summer of 2019, Haywood created a basketball program known as \"The School of Handles Basketball Academy\" where he trains youth. The program is in partnership with Puma . Haywood played for the Trinidad and Tobago national basketball team at the 2010 Centrobasket . He recorded personal bests of 13 points and 7 rebounds against Cuba . He finished the competition averaging 7.5 points and 3.5 rebounds per game. Haywood was part of the 3D Global Sports Canada team that won the 2017 William Jones Cup. Haywood participated in the Kits Youth Basketball League in Kitsilano , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada in his early teenage years. With help from former Harlem Globetrotters member Mel Davis, he managed to land a role in the 1997 family comedy film Air Bud , in which he played on main character Josh Framm's team, the Timberwolves. Framm was played by actor Kevin Zegers . In 2006, Haywood appeared in the direct-to-video film Like Mike 2: Streetball , playing a streetball player named Cavity. He would be teased by his teammates with the Halifax Rainmen due to his line, \"I'm Cavity. Because I'm so sweet, baby.\" Later in the year, he acted as a gang member for an action film directed by Jean-Claude Van Damme , The Hard Corps . He originally appeared in one scene, but it was cut from the movie. However, his name remained in the closing credits .Haywood traveled out of Vancouver in 2011 to act in The Saints of Mt. Christopher , in which he played Delroy Links, a sophomore college basketball star that dies during a pivotal game. Rainmen owner Andre Levingston commented on Haywood's acting career, \"I think it's fantastic that he's had the opportunity to play in a movie.\" Joey has previously considered pursuing a career in acting after retiring from basketball. ", ["2_14"]] [20017, "Florence Comite is an American endocrinologist who has helped develop new therapies for osteoporosis , endometriosis , fibroid disease , and infertility . She was awarded a patent for developing a new method of determining fertility in women In 1990, Comite was awarded a second patent for the use of Clomifene to increase bone mass in premenopausal women. Alongside her work in precision medicine and integrated medical analysis, she is also known for founding Women's Health at Yale in 1992. Comite is known for her work in clinical hormone research, and as the founder of Women's Health at Yale in the early 1990s. Comite is known for having an integrated approach to health care delivery using precision medicine . She has researched hormonal changes and aging, and in particular, issues of Hypogonadism (Low T) in men and how it impacts the onset of certain associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes , heart disease . Her research involves studying delivery systems and how they impact health outcomes; it has been her focus as a Senior Clinical and Research Adviser to the Offices of Alternative Medicine (OAM) at NIH. Comite graduated summa cum laude from Brooklyn College of the City University of New York Yale University School of Medicine ; she was an associate clinical professor on the Yale faculty for 25 years; She founded Women's Health at Yale in 1988. Comite completed a fellowship in Reproductive Endocrinology , incorporating training in Medicine, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Andrology, at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at NIH. In early 1980, she was researching the use of Gonadotropin-releasing hormones to treat precocious puberty . Comite had researched in the area of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Comite has served on advisory councils and committees with the NIH, the Egyptian Ministry of Health, and on the Balance Documentary Medical Advisory Board, the Age Management Medicine Group , Independent Doctors of New York, and the American Fertility Society as well as Alpha Omega Alpha . Alan P. Mintz , MD Award for Clinical Excellence in Age Management Medicine, 2013. Comite has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine , and the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism . In June 2013, Comite published a work focused on male menopause , entitled: \"Hormonal Expression of Androgen Deficiency in Aging Men (ADAM)\". ", ["2_17"]] [20018, "William Sands (October 14, 1835 \u2013 October 31, 1918) was a United States soldier who fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War as a principal musician with the 88th Pennsylvania Infantry and, later, as a first sergeant with that same regiment. He received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor , for capturing an enemy flag and carrying it from behind Confederate States Army lines to those of the Union Army during the Battle of Dabney's Mill/Hatcher's Run , Virginia (February 6\u20137, 1865). That award was conferred on November 9, 1893. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania on October 14, 1835, William Sands was a son of Harriet Sands. He was reared and educated in that city before embarking on his own journey as a married man during the late 1850s. By mid-June 1860, he and his wife, Hetty, were residing in Reading's South East Ward with their six-month-old son, George. Having enrolled just ten days after the April 13, 1861 fall of Fort Sumter to the Confederate States Army , William Sands narrowly missed earning the designation of \u201c First Defender ,\u201d which was awarded to those men from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania who were members of the first five regiments to respond to President Abraham Lincoln's call for volunteers to preserve America's union. Sands was, however, among the next group of men who answered that call; after enrolling for military service in Reading, Pennsylvania on April 23, he officially mustered in for duty that same day at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg as a private with Company G of the 7th Pennsylvania Infantry . In short order, he and his regiment were moved to Chambersburg , where they remained in camp for a month before receiving a directive to head south. Departing on June 8, they made camp again on June 19 at Williamsport, Maryland , where they remained until July 2 when they were marched to Martinsburg, Virginia and then Charlestown. Their three months\u2019 service completed, Sands and his regiment were ordered back to Harrisburg, where they honorably mustered out on July 29, 1861. Sands then promptly re-enlisted for another tour of duty. After re-enrolling in Philadelphia on September 12, 1861, he officially re-mustered in there that same day for a three-year term of service with the 88th Pennsylvania Infantry as a field musician with the regiment's B Company (also known as the Neversink Zouaves). Military records at the time described him as being a 25-year-old painter residing in Berks County who was 5\u2019 6-1/2\u201d tall with sandy hair, brown eyes and a light complexion. Transported by rail to Washington, D.C. in early October 1861, Sands and his fellow 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers helped to defend the nation's capital through October 12 when they were moved to Alexandria, Virginia and assigned to guard duty, a mission they continued to perform at various duty stations through May 25, 1862 when they were marched to Front Royal, placed on a train, and transported to Manassas, Warrenton and Culpeper. Their first major combat test came in the Battle of Cedar Mountain (August 9), where they served in Brigadier-General Zealous Bates Tower's brigade at the far right of the Union Army commanded by Major General Nathaniel P. Banks . The battle successfully concluded, they were moved to Pony Mountain and Warrenton before engaging in operations near Thoroughfare Gap, Gainesville and Manassas Junction. Commended by General John Pope for their performance in the Second Battle of Bull Run (August 29\u201330), the 88th Pennsylvanians were then ordered on to Fairfax, Washington and Frederick before participating in the intense combat of the Battle of Antietam (September 17). After re-engaging with the enemy near Bowling Green on December 13, Sands and his regiment were ordered to make camp for the winter at Fletcher's Chapel, where they remained until they were assigned to participate in Major-General Ambrose Burnside's Mud March (mid-January 1863). Returned to winter quarters after the failed operation, they next engaged the enemy at points along the Rappahannock River (April 28), and were then reassigned to Major-General John F. Reynolds\u2019 corps as part of the Gettysburg Campaign . On day one of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1, 1863), Sands was captured by Confederate troops. Paroled during a prisoner exchange, Sands returned to his unit and, after a brief period of recuperation, rejoined the fight. While the regiment was stationed at its winter quarters in Culpeper, Virginia , a significant number of 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers re-enlisted, including Sands who re-enrolled on February 4, 1864, was promoted to the rank of principal musician, and transferred to the regiment's central command (field and staff officers). After emerging from their winter quarters at Culpeper on May 3, 1864, Sands and his fellow 88th Pennsylvanians were then assigned to Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign , during which they fought in the battles of Spotsylvania Court House (on May 8 and 12), North Anna (May 23), Totopotomoy Creek (May 26), and White Oak Swamp (June 12) before engaging with other Union troops in the Siege of Petersburg , during which time Sands and his regiment charged and routed the enemy from various entrenched positions while under heavy artillery and sharpshooter fire. Afterward, they continued to support siege operations. During the New Year, Sands was promoted again \u2014 this time to the rank of first sergeant on January 31, 1865. He was then transferred to the command staff of his regiment's G Company. In February, he and his fellow 88th Pennsylvanians then received a new combat assignment \u2014 the Battle of Dabney's Mill/Hatcher's Run (February 6\u20137, 1865). And it was at this time and place that Sands performed the act of valor which resulted in his being awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor \u2014 capturing an enemy flag and carrying it from behind Confederate States Army lines to those of the Union Army. In his report to superiors on February 14, B Company Captain Aaron Bright, Jr., who had served as the acting commanding officer of the 88th Pennsylvania during the engagement, described how that day had unfolded for his regiment as it fought with other members of the Union's 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division: We moved our camp from Jerusalem plank road on February 5, 1865, and at 6 p.m. arrived two miles to the left of Hatcher's Run; we formed line of battle and remained over night. Morning of February 6 marched at 4 o\u2019clock, and crossed Hatcher's Run and laid in open field until 3 p.m. We recrossed Hatcher's Run, and moved in toward Dabney's Mill; formed line of battle and charged the enemy twice; gained and lost ground. We were fired into from the rear by the Sixth Army Corps. We withdrew and lay over night. Morning, February 7, moved to the right, advanced and drove the enemy out of his first line of pits; we then formed heavy skirmish line and charged the enemy's main works twice, and were repulsed each time with heavy loss to the regiment. We were then relieved by a part of Sixth Army Corps; we formed on their right and threw up works. February 8, 1865, moved out, recrossed Hatcher's Run, and lay over night. February 9, relieved the One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, of Third Brigade, on picket; remained on picket until 10th; we were relieved by a detachment from several regiments; we then marched to old camp on Jerusalem plank road.\nThe officers and men behaved nobly throughout the entire move, and in one or two instances deserve special mention. First Sergt. William Sands, Company G; Color-Sergt. D. Devine, Company K, both displayed bravery unequaled throughout any engagement we were ever in.Ordered back to camp in order to recuperate following the battle, the regiment remained in camp through March 1865 when it was assigned to the Appomattox Campaign , during which it fought in the battles of Five Forks (April 1) and Battle of Amelia Springs (April 5). During the latter engagement, which occurred just four days before the Confederate States Army's surrender at Appomattox, Sands was shot in the right thigh. Treated initially at the regimental hospital, he was transferred to the Union's Summitt House General Hospital in Philadelphia prior to being honorably discharged on a surgeon's certificate of disability on May 31, 1865. Following his honorable discharge from the military, Sands returned home to his wife in Berks County, Pennsylvania, and resumed his job as a painter. By 1870, he was residing in Reading's 4th Ward with his wife and mother. Although Sands and his wife, Hetty, were residents of Pen Argyl shortly after the turn of the century, Sands was making his home in Norristown by 1911, where he had found employment as an attendant at the State Hospital . Sands died in Norristown on October 31, 1918. Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company G, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Dabney's Mills, Va., 6-7 February 1865. Entered service at: Reading, Pa. Date of issue: November 9, 1893.Citation: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant William Sands, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on February 6-7, 1865, while serving with Company G, 88th Pennsylvania Infantry, in action at Dabney's Mills, Virginia. First Sergeant Sands grasped the enemy's colors in the face of a deadly fire and brought them inside the lines.His medal was inscribed as follows: \u201cCo. G, 88th Pa. Inf. Vol., Dabney Feb. 6 \u2013 7, 1865\u201d. ", ["2_18"]] [20021, "Eunice Higgins (n\u00e9e Harper ) is the main character in \" The Family \" comedy sketches played by Carol Burnett and featured on The Carol Burnett Show (1974\u201378) and Carol Burnett & Company (1979). Eunice also was featured in her eponymous CBS TV movie , which aired in 1982. The film starred Carol Burnett as Eunice; Ken Berry as Eunice's well-to-do brother, Philip (Berry played a different brother, Vinton , on the spin-off TV series); Harvey Korman as Eunice's husband, Ed Higgins ; Betty White as Eunice's sister, Ellen Harper-Jackson ; Vicki Lawrence as Eunice's \"Mama\", Thelma Harper ; and Dick Clair as the voice of Eunice's father Carl Harper. The film takes the Harper family on a 23-year journey. Eunice appeared occasionally on \"The Family\" skit's spin-off sitcom Mama's Family . As portrayed by Carol Burnett, Eunice was in six episodes of Mama's Family , all of which were in the first life of Mama's Family on NBC. Five of Burnett's six appearances were in season 1. The sixth episode of season 2 (\"Rashomama\"), which aired on November 3, 1983, was Burnett's final portrayal of Eunice. The character made two subsequent appearances in flashback episodes. Tanya Fenmore played Eunice as a child in the nineteenth episode of season 2 (\"Mama's Birthday). This marked the character's final appearance in the first life of the sitcom.Eunice appeared only once during the second life of Mama's Family (originally in first-run syndication ). The character's final appearance was in the fourteenth episode of season 4 (\"The Sins of the Mother\"), portrayed as a teenager by Heather Kerr. Eunice is presented once more in voice only in the final episode of season 4 (\"Pomp and Circumstance\"); Eunice, voiced by Phyllis Franklin, spoke to Mama over the phone to inform her that she couldn't attend her son Bubba 's high school graduation. She declined to explain her reasons to Bubba, hanging up when Mama threatened to put him on the phone.Always clad in a tattered green dress and wearing her hair in a 1940s-era perm, Eunice is a working-class homemaker married to Ed Higgins. Eunice had a stormy, irrepressible, browbeating persona, always going melodramatically out of control, ranting and raving. However, especially on The Family sketches, Eunice was beaten down by her tyrannical, emotionally-abusive mother, and her fits of rage were usually provoked by her mother's passive-aggressive comments. Her character was portrayed as a jealous antagonist in her appearances on Mama's Family , much more so than her appearances on The Family sketches. Carol Burnett has said that Eunice is her favorite character from her show. Burnett did not appear at all in the first-run syndication version of the show due to her acrimonious 1984 divorce from Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family producer, Joe Hamilton , who owned all the Mama's Family characters. Also, as revealed in Vicki Lawrence's autobiography, Burnett resented Lawrence for accepting the \"Mama\" role in first-run syndication, this being during her divorce from Hamilton. She held a grudge against Lawrence until Hamilton's death in 1991. According to the original Carol Burnett Show , Eunice had three brothers: Phillip ( Roddy McDowall ); Larry ( Alan Alda ); Jack ( Tom Smothers ); and one sister, Ellen ( Betty White ). Later, Mama's Family added a fourth brother, Vinton , played by Ken Berry . Their Aunt Fran was played by Rue McClanahan .Writers Dick Clair and Jenna McMahon created the Eunice character as part of a sketch the two would perform on TV variety shows in the 1960s. McMahon played Eunice and Clair played her brother. They later adapted the sketch for The Carol Burnett Show in 1973, and added the mother character (initially thinking Burnett would play the mother). In contrast to being Midwestern as Clair and McMahon had created, Burnett based the characterization on her own mother, who also had a Texas accent. Burnett said Bob Mackie 's costumes helped her with her feel for the character. Eunice and her family are from Raytown, Missouri . Eunice's birthday is December 19 which makes her a Sagittarius. Her mother is Thelma Harper , whom she sometimes refers to as \"Old Lady.\" Eunice eloped with a hardware store owner named Ed Higgins after he impregnated her. Eunice and Ed had two sons, Bubba (who later moved in with Thelma during the run of Mama's Family ) and Billy Joe. Her older sister is Ellen Harper and she has at least one brother, depending on the installment (Vinton Harper in Mama's Family ; Larry, Phillip, and Jack in the original sketches.)Eunice had a strained relationship with her parents growing up, as they blatantly favored her sister Ellen. She was bitter towards her father, who called her his \"Prune Tart\", while calling Ellen \"Apple Dumpling\".Even in adulthood, Eunice's mother blatantly favors her rich sister Ellen, though Eunice visits her mother much more often and takes care of her more. This leads to a bitter, cold dynamic between the two sisters, Eunice regarding Ellen as a selfish snob, and Ellen seeing Eunice as obnoxious, embarrassing and crazy.Eunice and her mother, Thelma Harper have a very dysfunctional relationship. Eunice often tries to please her mother, but she is never satisfied, and nags Eunice to the point where she becomes irate and so agitated she goes into screaming fits. Mama often also puts guilt on Eunice, putting her more on edge. This guilt leads to Eunice's snapping back at her mother, calling her \"old lady\", and ranting hysterically.Eunice is unhappy with her marriage. She views her husband, Ed, as a dolt and has called him a dumb cluck or a goon numerous times. He eventually leaves her.Eunice is generally very unhappy and bitter, distraught and broken down by her mother, and very emotionally unstable and going on many destructive fits. She eventually visits a psychiatrist, where Eunice reveals she is worried about her fits, and she is not happy with herself. The psychiatrist eventually helps her realize she does not have to let her abusive mother affect her, and he leads her on the road to recovery.", ["2_21"]] [20022, "Jonah Raskin (born January 3, 1942) is an American writer who left an East Coast university teaching position to participate in the 1970s radical counterculture as a freelance journalist, then returned to the academy in California in the 1980s to write probing studies of Abbie Hoffman and Allen Ginsberg and reviews of northern California writers whom he styled as \"natives, newcomers, exiles and fugitives.\" Beginning as a lecturer in English at Sonoma State University in 1981, he moved to chair of the Communications Studies Department from 1988 to 2007, while serving as a book reviewer for the San Francisco Chronicle and the Santa Rosa Press-Democrat . He retired from his teaching position in 2011. Born in New York City to a secular Jewish family, Raskin was raised in Huntington, Long Island . His parents were Communists in the 1930s and 1940s, but as his father became a successful attorney in the 1950s, they concealed their radical politics and were careful to blend into their middle-class community. Hiding, dissembling, and disguising would become persistent themes in Raskin's writing, along with the personas of the exile and the fugitive. Raskin gave every appearance of being the all-American teenager; he was co-captain of his high school football team, and named to Newsday 's All-Suffolk Football Squad in 1958. He also worked as a sports reporter for The Long Islander in his last year of high school. Raskin attended Columbia College , studying literature with Lionel Trilling , receiving a B.A. degree in 1963, and an M.A. in American Literature in 1964. He taught at Winston-Salem State College in the summer of 1964, then married and moved to England in the fall to study British and American literature at the University of Manchester . He received his Ph.D. in 1967 with a dissertation on the mythology of imperialism in the work of Rudyard Kipling and Joseph Conrad , and obtained his first full-time teaching position in the English Department at the State University of New York at Stony Brook from 1967 to 1972. Raskin turned his Ph.D. thesis into a book entitled The Mythology of Imperialism , which Random House published in 1971. The New York Times called it \"Maoist\" literary criticism. Edward Said , the author of Orientalism and Culture and Imperialism , wrote in 1984 that it was \"one of the genuinely important handful of books on modern literature published in the last two decades\", and that \"Raskin's quite unique feat was to have connected the genuine aesthetic power of the novelists to the political power of the culture abroad.\" The Mythology of Imperialism has since been republished in a new edition by Monthly Review Press , with a new introduction and conclusion by Raskin and a foreword by Columbia literature professor Bruce Robbins. Identifying with the growing social movements of the late 1960s, Raskin joined the building occupation led by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) at Columbia University in 1968. His wife, Eleanor Raskin , became involved with the Weatherman faction of SDS, and he followed with some ambivalence. He was arrested and beaten by New York police in December 1969 after smashing windows in a street demonstration organized by Weatherman. Failing to get tenure at Stony Brook because of his militant activity, Raskin abandoned his academic career for the life of a radical free-lance journalist.He joined Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin and Paul Krassner in the Youth International Party (the Yippies) in 1967, and was designated its Minister of Education in 1970. He traveled to Algiers with Jennifer Dohrn (sister of Weather Underground leader Bernardine Dohrn ) as part of a Yippie delegation in October 1970 to meet with Eldridge Cleaver and Timothy Leary , whom the Weather Underground had helped escape from a low-security prison in California. Their plan, to link the anti-war movement in the United States with global protests, came to naught when Cleaver attempted to arrest Leary, and Leary and his wife fled to Switzerland. Raskin later interviewed Leary for High Times magazine shortly before Leary's death in 1996.In 1974, Raskin received a grant from the Rabinowitz Foundation in N.Y. for research on the Cold War and American culture in the literature of the period from 1945 to 1960, reading and interviewing that would inform his later book on Allen Ginsberg and the Beat Generation , American Scream .Raskin helped Abbie Hoffman go underground in 1974, and traveled with him when he was a fugitive for much of the 1970s, coming into contact once again with the Weather Underground, a subject he addressed in an autobiographical novel, Underground . His wife Eleanor had become a fugitive, and he made an unsuccessful effort to preserve their floundering marriage by making contact with her. In 1974 Raskin compiled and wrote an introduction to a collection of Weather Underground communiqu\u00e9s, The Weather Eye , and set up an imprint, Union Square Press, to publish the work. His introduction was academic in tone, and gave no hint that he'd had a hand in drafting the statement, \"New Morning, Changing Weather\", that adopted a more moderate tone and began the process of Weather leaders resurfacing from the underground. During this period Raskin lived on fees and advances from articles and books, writing for a variety of publications including Monthly Review , the San Francisco Review of Books , The International Herald Tribune , The Los Angeles Times and the Village Voice , and for various alternative newspapers and magazines, including Liberation News Service , The Seed , University Review , Liberation , The San Francisco Bay Guardian , L.A. Weekly , and the northern California Bohemian . He covered the trial of the Panther 21 in New York in 1970, and wrote about such fugitives and prisoners as Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and Oscar Collazo , the Puerto Rican nationalist. He traveled to Mexico in 1975 in search of the elusive writer B. Traven , a journey that became the subject of My Search for B. Traven . Raskin settled in Sonoma County, California , in the winter of 1976, where he had come to visit his parents, who had retired to the rural community of Occidental . Gradually detaching himself from New York and the radical left, Raskin began to meet such California writers as Tillie Olsen and Jessica Mitford , and pitched ideas for movies to Hollywood producers. He created the characters and the story about marijuana cultivation in northern California for the movie Homegrown , eventually produced in 1996 and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal ; Raskin appears in a crowd scene at the end of the film. Raskin returned to academics as a lecturer in the English Department at Sonoma State University from 1981 to 1987, and became chair of the Communication Studies Department from 1988 to date (2007). He has taught media law, the history of communications, film noir, and writing for newspapers, magazines, radio, the movies and memoirs. He was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Ghent and University of Antwerp , Belgium, in 1986\u20131987, teaching 19th and 20th century American literature and culture.During the 1980s and 1990s, Raskin wrote scores of book reviews for the Santa Rosa Press Democrat , the San Francisco Chronicle , the Los Angeles Times , and a variety of other publications. His signature format coupled his reviews with separate in-depth interviews that often evoked wide-ranging conversations with the authors, including writers from Doris Lessing and Kurt Vonnegut to Alice Walker and Greg Sarris .Raskin's biography of Abbie Hoffman, For the Hell of It , captures the genius and the flaws of the Yippie spokesman and his place in the tumultuous sixties, follows him as he flees underground to avoid prison on drug charges, and is straightforward in acknowledging the bipolar disorder that led to Hoffman's suicide in 1989. In American Scream , Raskin studies Allen Ginsberg's development as a poet in the context of the poem, \" Howl \". Raskin traces Ginsberg's studies with Lionel Trilling, his relationship with his father (a schoolteacher and poet), and his Beat Generation colleagues. Raskin explores the consequences of Ginsberg's mother's mental illness on the theme of societal insanity in \"Howl\", and relates the court case that set a new direction for artistic freedom at the end of the repressive 1950s. Raskin has subjected his radicalism of the 1960s and 1970s to a searching and thoughtful analysis, and he now views his affiliation with the Weather Underground and his endorsement of its politics as largely self-dramatization that wasted the energy and resources of the above-ground enablers as well as the underground fugitives. A final moment of political disillusionment with the radical left and dreams of Third World socialism came with a visit to Hanoi in 1995, where he experienced Vietnam as a country run by a Communist elite rapidly enriching themselves from a freewheeling capitalist economy. Raskin's distance from his former comrades is apparent in his new introduction to the collection of Weather Underground communiqu\u00e9s republished, along with his original introduction, in Sing a Battle Song . Raskin allowed his introduction to be edited for the collection, but he published an expanded version in a left journal. To anyone who wants to go underground and commit acts of violence in America today, Raskin advises, \"Don\u2019t do it. Be visible. Talk openly. Go out and meet people. Organize. Educate. Avoid violence. Democracy is in the streets, on the Internet, and wherever people meet.\" In the 1990s, Raskin began writing poetry and publishing it in chapbooks. His poems are unpredictable \u2013 alternately satiric, droll, and tender. He often performs his poems with musicians. Continuing his work on northern California authors, Raskin edited a book of Jack London 's political writing, The Radical Jack London , adding a significant interpretive essay. His latest books are Field Days: A Year of Farming, Eating and Drinking Wine in California (2009); Marijuanaland: Dispatches from an American War (2011), and A Terrible Beauty: The Wilderness of American Literature (2014). He began reviewing with New York Journal of Books in 2015. He contributed a commentary column and a negative review of Barbara Kingsolver's novel Demon Copperhead to County Highway , a print-only publication created by David Samuels and Walter Kirn , for its debut edition of July-August 2023.BooksPoetry chapbooks", ["2_22"]] [20024, "St\u00e9phanie Brieussel (born 29 January 1974) is a French Olympic dressage rider. Representing France, she competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , where she finished 55th in the individual and 8th in the team competitions. This biographical article related to French equestrianism is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_24"]] [20026, "American Civil War George Lamb Willard (August 15, 1827 \u2013 July 2, 1863) was an officer in the United States Army who served in the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War . He lost his life leading a brigade in the II Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg . Colonel Willard was the namesake of Fort Willard .George L. Willard was born in New York City on August 15, 1827. In 1847 he enlisted in the 15th U.S. Infantry and served in the Mexican-American War . By the war's end, Willard had reached the rank of sergeant . For his part in the war he was made a Second Lieutenant in the 8th U.S. Infantry . Willard served in the regular service until the outbreak of the Civil War, rising to the rank of captain . At the outbreak of the war Willard was unwilling to give up his regular commission and so he missed any chance to command a regiment of volunteers. He served with his regiment during the Peninsula Campaign .In late 1862 Willard, by then a major in the 19th U. S. Infantry , organized and became colonel of the 125th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Willard was allowed to retain his commission in the regular army. He suffered misfortune while commanding his regiment at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia , in 1862. His raw recruits did not distinguish themselves in the Battle of Harpers Ferry , in which they fell apart under fire during the fighting on Bolivar Heights . They were too frightened, especially by the enfilade fire coming in from Loudon Heights to rally. When the garrison was surrendered to Stonewall Jackson by Col. Dixon S. Miles , Willard and his men became prisoners of war .When the 125th was paroled in early 1863, Willard was in charge until it was exchanged for captured Confederate troops. During that period, the New Yorkers were encamped at Camp Douglas in Chicago, Illinois . Then they were assigned to the defenses of Washington, D.C. in the division of Brig. Gen. Silas Casey , part of a brigade of New York veterans of Harpers Ferry led by Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays . The brigade became the third in Casey's division of the XXII Corps in February 1863. Willard testified before the military commission that investigated the surrender of Harpers Ferry and was critical of the conduct of Miles. He also was quoted by another officer as thinking the garrison's commander unfit to be in charge. The units of the \"Harper's Ferry Brigade\" joined the Army of the Potomac on June 28, 1863. They were assigned to II Corps , where they became the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division under General Hays. The veterans of the corps did not greet the \"Harpers Ferry Cowards\" kindly until they had proven their courage in combat. The division commander Maj. Gen. William H. French had been assigned to the Middle Department and Hays replaced him. Willard duly succeeded by seniority to command of the brigade; which now consisted of the 39th , 111th , 125th and 126th New York regiments.The 3rd Brigade marched northward in heat and dust of the summer of 1863, halting at Uniontown, Maryland , on June 30. The grueling march had caused many to fall out of the ranks, joining only when the division encamped. On July 1, when the division crossed into Pennsylvania , the third brigade was at the rear of the column, guarding the wagon train. Reaching Gettysburg, Pennsylvania late on July 1, Willard's command camped along the Taneytown Road behind the Round Tops. Early on July 2, the brigade moved up to Cemetery Ridge , taking a position near the Bryan farm.Late on July 2, when Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock had been placed in charge of the Army's endangered left flank, he sent back to his II Corps for reinforcements. A courier found Hays and Willard together. Hays ordered Willard to take his brigade to the left and \"knock the Hell\" out of the Confederates. Hancock appeared and led Willard's brigade to the left himself. Forming a line of battle just north of Weikert's Woods, the brigade had three regiments in line with a fourth in reserve (That regiment participated in repulsing the Confederate brigade of Brig. Gen. Cadmus Wilcox .). Willard's men stopped the advance of Brig. Gen. William Barksdale , who had captured the Union position at the Peach Orchard and then pressed forward toward Cemetery Ridge. Willard ordered the two regiments on his right forward, pushing the Confederates back. Some of Willard's men are reported to have yelled, as they charged, \"Remember Harpers Ferry!\". The New Yorkers recovered abandoned Union guns, but came under heavy fire from Confederate artillery after crossing Plum Run. Willard had just ordered his men back to their start line when he was hit in the face by an artillery round. He died on the spot, leaving command of the brigade to Col. Eliakim Sherrill . The brigade report, filed by Lt. Col. James M. Bull of the 126th New York , gives a detailed account of this counterattack. His body was recovered and transported back to his family.Fort Willard in the defenses of Washington, D. C. was named for the fallen colonel.A small monument\u2014dedicated in 1888\u2014stands on the Gettysburg battlefield near where Willard fell. Camp #154 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War in Albany, New York is named for Willard. ", ["2_26"]] [20030, "Neagh Lacus is one of a number of hydrocarbon lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan . The lake is composed of liquid methane and ethane , and was detected by the Cassini space probe . The lacus is located at coordinates 81.11\u00b0 N and 32.16\u00b0 W on Titan's globe , in a region close to the north pole where most of Titan's lakes are located. The lake is 98 km in length [ note 1 ] and is named after Lough Neagh , in Northern Ireland . ", ["2_30"]] [20032, "Christopher Grey Ruegamer [ROO-gah-mer] (born June 1, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a center , and currently is the director of player engagement for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State and was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the third round of the 1999 NFL draft . Ruegamer has also been a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers , New England Patriots , Green Bay Packers , New York Giants and Seattle Seahawks . He has earned two Super Bowl rings in his career, with the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI and with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII .Ruegamer attended Bishop Gorman High School in Las Vegas, Nevada and won three varsity letters each in football and track and field and twice in wrestling .Ruegamer played college football at Arizona State University , where he was a four-year starter . Ruegamer played for the Sun Devils in the 1997 Rose Bowl . Ruegamer was originally drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the third round of the 1999 NFL draft . He did not appear in a game his rookie season. The Dolphins waived Ruegamer on August 26, 2000.Ruegamer was signed to the practice squad of the Pittsburgh Steelers on August 29, 2000. He remained there until being signed by the New England Patriots on November 16.Ruegamer played for the New England Patriots from 2000 to 2002, and appeared in the team's Super Bowl XXXVI victory over St. Louis Rams in 2001.Ruegamer played for the Green Bay Packers from 2003 to 2005. He started 11 games for the Green Bay Packers in 2004 on a line that set single-season team records for fewest sacks allowed (14), first downs (354), net yards (6,357), and net passing yards (4,449).Ruegamer signed with the New York Giants in 2006 and played three seasons with the team. He appeared in New York's Super Bowl XLII victory over the New England Patriots.Ruegamer was signed by the Seattle Seahawks on July 31, 2009. He was released on August 25 when the team claimed center Brian De La Puente off waivers. Ruegamer's Uncle Bob played with the University of Minnesota in the 1961 and 1962 Rose Bowls . Ruegamer has a Basque family friend and has helped the friend castrate lamb with his teeth . Ruegamer is a prankster and is also known for showing up to Friday practices in costume. He keeps all his toenail clippings and callous shavings in a cup all season long. If anyone messes with him and he deems it necessary, he will dump the cup in personal belongings of theirs. ", ["2_32"]] [20035, "Fowler is a large lunar impact crater that lies in the northern hemisphere on the Moon 's far side . It lies to the south-southwest of the crater Esnault-Pelterie , and north of Gadomski . Overlying the eastern rim and intruding into the interior is Von Zeipel . The outer rim of this crater has become worn and rounded by impact erosion until it has become little more than an irregular slope down to the interior depression. A number of small craters lie along the rim and the inner wall. An impact along the northeast rim, just north of Von Zeipel, has a relatively high albedo and is surrounded by a skirt of bright material. This is indicative of a relatively recent impact that has not had time to darken due to space weathering.The eastern part of the interior floor is partly overlaid by the outer rampart and ejecta from Von Zeipel. The southern floor is marked by an arc of small impacts. The northern floor is more level and is marked only by a few small craterlets.By convention, these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Fowler.", ["2_35"]] [20036, "The Statue of Vasupujya located at Champapur , Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar , is one of the tallest statues in eastern India and the tallest statue of Lord Vasupujya in India. The statue is dedicated to Vasupujya , the twelfth Jain Tirthankara of the present cosmic age . The height of the statue is 31\u00a0ft. The statue was constructed and donated by Smt Sona Devi Sethi Charitable trust, Nagaland. Champapur is a Siddhakshetra and occupies a very significant place among the Jains. This is said to be the place where all the five kalyanaks (five auspicious events)- Garbh, Janam, Diksha, Kevalgyana and Moksh kalyanak of Tirthankara Vasupujya took place. It is said that the first tirthankar Rishabha , twenty-third Tirthankara Parshvanath and last tirthankara Mahavira had their Chaturmas (monsoon stay) at this place. Mahavira had his third and twelfth Chaturmas at this place. The statue was built in the memory of Smt Sona Devi Sethi. The main force behind the project was Shri Binod Sethi , son of Shri Phulchand Sethi and Smt Lada Devi Sethi, of Dimapur, Nagaland who wanted to fulfill the last wishes of his wife, Sona Devi Sethi, daughter of Shri Bhawarlal Jain and Smt Banarsi Devi Jain. His entire family including his two sons Dewas and Anand, and daughters Chandni and Shiwangi played an instrumental role in the project.The stone for the statue was brought all the way from Koyra mines in Karnataka to Champapur in Bihar. The original stone weighed over 100 tonnes and was brought by road. The Bhoomi Pujan was done in June 2012.The carving of the statue was done immaculately by Jagdish Sharma & Co, including Mithalal and Surendra Kumar, sculptors from Rajasthan, in Champapur itself. The carving was completed in about 14 months. The statue was lifted with the help of two cranes which were brought from nearby states.The Panch Kalyanaka Pratistha Mahotsav of the statue was held from 27 February 2014 to 3 March 2014. The Pancha Kalyanak Pratistha Mahotsav was conducted by Muni Shri 108 Shri Punya Sagarji Maharaj, Peethadeesh Swami Shri Ravindra Keertiji with the blessings of Ganini 105 Shri Gyanmati Mataji , a disciple of 108 Shri Shantisagar ji Maharaj and Acharya Shri 108 Vardhmansagar ji Maharaj.The chief Pratishtachari(Priest) of the Panch Kalyanak was Shri Vijay Kumar Jain.\nThe Suri Mantra was said by Muni Shree 108 Shri Punya Sagarji Maharaj. The first ever Mahamastakabhisek of the statue was performed on 3 March 2014.", ["2_36"]] [20039, "Jos\u00e9 Macia , better known as Pepe (born 25 February 1935), is a Brazilian former football player and manager. He is considered one of the greatest players in the history of Santos FC and one of the greatest left wingers of all time, being two-time World Champion in 1958 and 1962 and two-time World-Club Champion in 1962 and 1963 helping Santos FC defeat the iconic SL Benfica of Eus\u00e9bio and the Milan of Cesare Maldini , Trapattoni , Rivera , Amarildo and Altafini in a best-of-three final. Pepe spent his entire club playing career with Brazilian side Santos Futebol Clube (1954\u20131969), scoring 405 goals in 750 league appearances for the club making him the second best top scorer in the history of Santos FC only behind Pel\u00e9 , who scored 1,091 goals.His nickname was \"Canh\u00e3o da Vila\" (The Vila Cannon), because of his potent kick with his left leg and the fact that Santos plays in the Urbano Caldera Stadium , nicknamed Vila Belmiro. He joked that he was \"the greatest Santos striker on the planet \u2013 because Pel\u00e9 is from Saturn\".At the age of seven, in 1942, Pepe moved with his family to the neighboring city of S\u00e3o Vicente. With his brother, M\u00e1rio, he started playing football with the teams in the neighborhood where he lived, Comercial FC and Mota Lima. And it was during this period that his left foot started to stand out. At the age of 16 Pepe was playing for S\u00e3o Vicente AC when Cobrinha, the team's goalkeeper, who also defended Santos' kids, invited him to perform a test at Alvinegro. On 4 May 1951 Pepe stepped on the lawn of Vila Belmiro for the first time, and was approved by coach Salu.Between the years of 1952 and 1953 Pepe was already under the command of coach Lula, and in 1954, at the age of 19, he had his first chance on the main team. In the junior squad, he varied his position between the left midfielder and the left wing, but in the pros he decided for the left wing and took over the position for many years until the end of his career.He debuted on 23 May, in a match against Fluminense, in Pacaembu, for the Rio-S\u00e3o Paulo Tournament. The Santos team lost 2-1, and Pepe entered the second half in the place of Boca, who had already taken the place of Del Vecchio.His first great moment as a professional athlete was in the 1955 Paulista Championship. In the last match of the event, Pepe scored the triumph goal against Taubat\u00e9, in Vila Belmiro, and with the victory Santos became Paulista Champion for the second time, exactly 20 years after the birth of the young left-winger. By that time, the power of his left foot was already known, which is why he earned the nickname Canh\u00e3o da Vila. Goals from fouls and penalties became frequent. And on three occasions his left boot also provided olympico goals. (scored directly from a corner kick)Among the outstanding matches in his career, Pepe likes to highlight the second of the 1963 Intercontinental Cup matches against Milan, at the Maracan\u00e3. In the first game, in Milan, Santos lost 4 to 2. In the second, they were losing 2 to 0 at the end of the first half, but the Alvinegro club returned determined in the second half and completely turned the match around to 4 to 2, the same scoreline of the first match. Canh\u00e3o da Vila scored two goals, both with his powerful left leg, taking a free kick. In the third and decisive match of the Intercontinental Cup (predecessor to the FIFA Club World Cup), which was again played at Maracan\u00e3, Peixe won by 1 to 0, with a penalty goal by Dalmo. As Pel\u00e9 was out of the game due to injury, Pepe would play a huge role in getting the trophy for Santos.A year earlier, in Lisbon, Santos had become club world champions for the first time after defeating Benfica, who were 2-time defending European champion. Pepe considers this match to be the best in Santos history. Santos beat Eus\u00e9bio's team 5-2, at the iconic Est\u00e1dio da Luz. Pel\u00e9 scored three times, with Coutinho and Pepe scoring one goal each.On top of the 2 World Cups, Pepe won 25 official club titles, including 11 S\u00e3o Paulo Championships, six Brazilian Championships, 2 Copa Libertadores de Am\u00e9rica, 2 Intercontinental Cups, and 4 Rio-S\u00e3o Paulo Tournaments, becoming the player with most titles won at a single club. \nHe also holds the record for most wins in the S\u00e3o Paulo Championships, with 13 titles won (11 as Santos player, one as Santos coach and one as coach of Internacional de Limeira), Canh\u00e3o da Vila is also the record holder for total Brazilian Championships, with 7 titles - six as a Santos player and one as a S\u00e3o Paulo coach.Disciplined almost to the extreme, and despite being regularly hunted on the field by the most violent and malicious defenders, Pepe was never sent off from the field, and for this rare discipline he received the Belfort Duarte trophy.He held the undisputed command of the Santos left-wing until 1965, when he reached the age of 30. From there until 1969, the year in which he ended his career, he began to share playing time with the young Abel from a Rio de Janeiro club, and after 1966 with Edu, from the Santos academy.Pepe is one of the rare examples of a player who spent his entire career on a single team. Pepe dedicated 15 years of his life to Santos' professional team, going so far as to refuse million dollar proposals and offers from Europe, to remain loyal to his club. Counting from his first year as a youth prodigy, until his last as a professional, he spent 18 years at the Santos sports club.Pepe was supposed to be the starting player for the Brazilian team in the 1958 and 1962 campaigns, but twice suffered injuries on the eve of the World Cup and was replaced by Zagallo. The first time, he suffered a blow to the ankle in a friendly match in Italy. In the second, he had a knee sprain in a friendly game at the Morumbi stadium. Pepe received 41 caps with the Brazil national football team , and won both the 1958 and 1962 World Cups . However, he did not appear in any matches in both tournaments.Pepe has a long career as a coach that started in 1969 in the youth ranks of Santos, eventually taking over the main Santos FC team and managing several other Brazilian clubs, including S\u00e3o Paulo and Guarani and the great Portuguese club Boavista . He coached Santos from 1972 to 1974, obtaining a Paulista State Championship title in 1973, then he went to Paulista FC, he returned to Santos between 1979-1980, then he went to San Jos\u00e9 and N\u00e1utico.His coaching career brought him to Asia, where he coached in Japan and Qatar. He coached Al Sadd from 1983 till 1984, and succeeded in winning the Emir of Qatar Cup . In 1985 he directed the Esporte Clube Fortaleza. At the beginning of 1986 he directed the modest Inter de Limeira and surprisingly obtained the Paulista State Championship, as a result of that great campaign a great like Sao Paulo signed him in mid-1986 to 1987, taking the Brazilian Series A Championship, on February 25, 1987. Then he directed the Boavista de Portugal from 1987 to 1989.In 1989 he was called to lead the Peruvian soccer team that was preparing for the Italy 1990 qualifying rounds where he played a more than discreet role. He returned to Santos at the end of 89 until mid-91. He was in Japan from 1991 to 1993, with Verdi Kawasaki today Tokyo Verdy, being league champion in 93. He managed Guarani FC at the end of 1993, then he returned to Santos in 94, then promoted in 1995 to Atl\u00e9tico Paranaense, being champion of the Brazilian Serie B.He also coached Al Ahli from 2004 till 2005, where Spanish legend Pep Guardiola was under his supervision. The last club he led was Ponte Preta in 2006.", ["2_39"]] [20040, "Imre F\u00f6ldi (8 May 1938 \u2013 23 April 2017) was a Hungarian weightlifter. Competing at a record of five Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in 1972 and silver medals in 1964 and 1968. During his career he set 21 world records, and after his retirement he coached his daughter to become a European champion. F\u00f6ldi earned numerous awards for his results and achievements, most notably he was named Weightlifter of the Century by the International Weightlifting Federation and was elected for Sportsperson of the Nation in Hungary. Media related to Imre F\u00f6ldi at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_40"]] [20042, "Churi Qullu ( Aymara churi dull yellow, qullu mountain, \"dull yellow mountain\", Hispanicized spelling Choreccollo, Chorecollo ) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru , about 4,800 metres (15,748\u00a0ft) high. It is located in the Tacna Region , Tarata Province , Susapaya District . Churi Qullu lies northwest of P'isaqani and southeast of Wilaquta and Janq'u Qullu. This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_42"]] [20043, "Katherine Elizabeth Wallis (1861\u20131957) was a Canadian sculptor, a watercolor painter and poet. She traveled all over the world, observing art, studying sculpture and advancing her artistic career. Wallis is best known for bronze sculptures of animals and infants. Katherine Wallis was born in 1861 outside of Peterborough , Canada West , in a small town called Merino. Although Wallis, and her sister Adah, grew up on a farm they were encouraged to pursue their art. Each member of the Wallis family was artistically gifted including her mother who enjoyed music and singing. Wallis role models were her mother's friends, including Catharine Parr Traill , her sister Susanna Moodie and the painter Anne Langton . For a brief time, Wallis attended the Toronto Art School known today as OCAD University , but in the late 1800s there were few options for women practicing art professionally. During this time, women were not permitted to take life drawing classes with nude models. Langton told the Wallis sisters, \"If you wish to obtain your dream, you cannot stay here.\" At this early time, Katherine Wallis had not yet realized she was interested in sculpture, but she knew that opportunities for female artists in Canada were limited.Wallis and her sister Sussanna traveled to Scotland to visit their family. She enrolled in the Edinburgh School of Arts in 1878. While at the Scottish National Gallery as a copyist, Wallis was able to earn a living making copies of famous art works. In 1880, Wallis's mother became ill and the sisters returned home to take care of the farm. After her stay in Canada and tending the family's farm for the next thirteen years, Katherine Wallis had the freedom and financial stability to return to Europe. At 32, Wallis returned to Europe with her sister Adah. They settled in Dresden , Germany, and spent two years travelling around Europe, viewing famous paintings, sculptures and architecture. In 1895, Katherine Wallis enrolled in the London's Royal College of Art , RCA. She was taught by French-born sculptor \u00c9douard Lant\u00e9ri , a former pupil of Jacques-Louis David . While working with Lant\u00e9ri, Wallis realized her passion for sculpture. Lant\u00e9ri also taught her in \" New Sculpture \", which consisted of small scale bronzes of domestic subjects, including women and small animals. While studying at the RCA School of Design, she was awarded the RCA Bronze Medal. In 1897, Wallis received the Modeller's Free Scholarship, which allowed her to continue her studies for two more years until she decided to move to Paris. In Paris, Wallis focused on creating sculpture. Specifically, she enjoyed sculpting animals she observed at the Zoo. She met Oscar Waldmann in Paris at Jardin des plantes , which functions as a modern-day zoo. He encouraged her to submit one of her sculptures at the Exposition Universalle, which added to the recognition of her art. Wallis also exhibited her work at the spring salon in Paris. At this time, Wallis was studying animals and sculpting them into stone, marble and bronze. Notably, Wallis met Auguste Rodin in 1902. He encouraged her to sketch sculptures she saw at the Louvre . Rodin praised her figures' solid construction. Rodin wanted to see more of her work, but Wallis declined because her work was too hard to transport for his viewing, and because she already had great mentors like Lant\u00e9ri and Waldmann. In 1914, when World War I broke out, Wallis did not continue sculpting, but focused on the war efforts as a nurse in a Canadian Hospital in Paris. Her art was meant to be exhibited at the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto, but due to the war, it was postponed. Once World War I ended, Wallis returned to her artistic career. In 1929, she became the first Canadian elected as the Soci\u00e9taire of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 National des Beaux-Arts for her sculpture La Lutte Pour la Vie . In 1920, she spent three years exhibiting works in Peterborough, Ontario, before she returned to Paris. She also spent five months in Bosnia and Greece, working in relief and water colour. She sent her works to England and within one year she exhibited her sculptures in London, Liverpool, Leeds and Glasgow. In 1936, when World War II broke out, she fled to California, which became her home for the rest of her life.The Santa Cruz Art League offered Wallis a personal exhibition, which she accepted. Wallis had a statewide show in the Santa Cruz Auditorium. Wallis was made a member of the National Society for Sanity in Art, which allowed her to exhibit once a year in San Francisco and Chicago . Through this society, she received a prize for Excellence in Sculpture, an award she won twice. In 1944, Wallis showed her sculptures Coming Always Nearer and Speed at the Santa Cruz Art League's Fifteenth Annual Exhibition. Later that year, she created a piece called Victory ; a woman who smiles as she carries a dove while holding an olive branch. Wallis had exhibitions at the Royal Academy in London during 1897, the Royal Canadian Academy from 1904 to 1937 and the National Gallery of Canada in 1928. Wallis received an honorable mention for her sculpture at the Exposition Universalle. She was not only an exceptional sculptor, but a painter and a poet. Wallis's poems were published as a collection entitled Chips from the Block . In 1947, the National Gallery of Canada purchased Wallis's most famous sculpture, La Lutte pour la Vie . Upon her death, she bequeathed her art collection to the City of Peterborough and it is now part of the Peterborough Museum and Archives. ", ["2_43"]] [20047, "The Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center was a United States Navy Seabee base located in Davisville, Rhode Island . It operated from 1942 until 1994, when after it was recommended for closure during the 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission . It was made up of Camp Thomas , Camp Endicott , the Advanced Base Depot , and the Advanced Base Proving Ground , and was located next to Naval Air Station Quonset Point for most of its existence. ", ["2_47"]] [20048, "Homalin Township ( Burmese : \u101f\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1019\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a [h\u00f3\u028a\u0270\u0303m\u0259l\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303 mjo\u0330n\u025b\u0300] ) is a township in Hkamti District in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar . The principal town is Homalin . The principal rivers flowing through the township are the Chindwin River form north to south and the Uyu River from east to west, joining the Chindwin near Homalin town. Gardens were first planted along the banks of the Chindwu in Homalin Township around 1700. Several villages such as Tamanthi , Maungkan , Tason , Kawya , Onbet , Maingwe and Malin have been documented as producing pickled tea, known as \" laphet \". The 1908 Imperial Gazetteer of India recorded that the steamers of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company plied weekly between Pakokku and Homalin. Government of Myanmar also plied its launches on this route. During World War II, Homalin on the bank of the Chindwin River, was occupied by the Japanese in late May/early June 1944. Following this, after the Japanese were defeated, the town was combed thoroughly to remove any Japanese soldiers and this was followed by further preparations to counter any Japanese gunboat attacks from the river side. Naga tribes and their subgroups of Angkul, Nauk-aw, Laing Nang, Hyein Myay, Pain Kuu, Para, Makuri, Smmara, Pon Myo and Kyan Naga live in Homalin Township, apart from other townships such as the Khamti Township , Lahe Township , Layshee Township , Tanai Township , Nan Yon Township and Pan Saung of Sagaing Division. The Tamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary , which was established on April 11, 1974 on the eastern bank of the Chindwin River, forms part of Hkamti and Homalin Townships in Hkamti District of Sagaing Division. The area covered under this sanctuary is 830.40 square miles (2,150.7\u00a0km 2 ), bounded between the Uyu River and Chindwin River; 230.40 square miles (596.7\u00a0km 2 ) of this area is under the jurisdiction of the Homalin Township, while 600 square miles (1,600\u00a0km 2 ) of the sanctuary is under Khamti Township.The sanctuary abounds in tigers , elephants , gaur (Asiatic bison ), leopards , serow , bear , Sumatran rhinoceros ( Didermocherus Sumatrensis ) and Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus ). In the past, it was a favourite ground for wildlife hunters and poachers. It is also reported to be home for were-tigers , known in Europe as the European werewolf . Other fauna found here are the white-winged wood duck and masked fin foot . Over all, 30 species of mammals, including the endangered species of Roofed turtle are found here. Towns and villages in Homalin include Awthaw, Awthaw , A-Htet Hei Kham (Upper Hei Kham) , Chaunggan , Chaungson , Chaungzon , Dokthida , Gwedaukkon , Gwegyi, Gwegyi, Gyobin , Hehkam , Hepet , Hkodaung , Hkomi , Hkonsa , Hmangin , Hmawyonmyaing , Homalin , Hpacheleik , Hpanaing , Htawng-u , Htedanshi , Htingu , Htonmalut , Hulaung , Hunawng , Hunawng , Hupet , Hwebalan , Hwein , Hwekyin , Hwemate , Hwena , Hwepanan , Ingyintha , Intha , Kadaungbwin , Kanbawng , Kaukngo , Kawngkan , Kawngkan , Kawngkankyun , Kawya , Kettha , Kodaungma , Kondan , Kondan , Kondan , Kuntawng , Kwenan , Kyaingkyaing , Kyaukkwe , Kyawngon , Kyebin , Kyizu , Kyun-u , Lawngmin , Lawngpawng , Letagawng , Letpantha , Letsaunggan , Magyibin , Maingdaung , Maingkaing , Maingwe , Makaukpat , Mala , Malin , Malon , Manawtha , Man Huna , Man Kin , Manlinta , Manmaw , Man Maw , Man Maw , Manpa , Mansein , Mansein , Manthe , Man Thet , Mantonhe , Masein , Maungkan , Meng-u , Metkalet , Mezali , Minbwe , Minyagon , Molin , Mongkun , Mong Tawng , Monkali , Myaingtha , Myaukkon , Myauk-ywa , Myene , Myenga , Myintha , Namalin , Namamo , Namaw , Namchaw , Namheinkaw , Namhka , Namhkam , Namhkansi , Namhon , Namhpanwaik , Namhta , Namkut , Namlit , Nammaw , Nammonggwe , Nammu , Nammun , Nampagan , Nampahok , Nampangon , Nampethka , Namponbon , Nampwehlaing , Namset , Namtalan , Namttaw , Namtaungkyin , Na-nauk , Nankaung , Nansabi , Nantat , Nanthabaik , Nanthanyit , Na-ta-kyaik , Nathe , Natnan , Naunghto-ngo , Naungkatiat , Naungmon , Naungpin , Naungpin , Naungtaw , Naungyin , Nawngbamu , Nawnghena , Nawnghkam , Nawnghkun , Nawngkauk , Nawngke , Nawnglun , Nawngmawn , Nawngpang , Nawngpat , Nawngpu-awng , Nawngpuse , Nawngsankyin , Nawngsansaing , Nawngse , Nawngshu , Nawngtaw , Ngauksa , Ngobin , Nonpala , Nwenaing , Nyaungbintha , Nyaunggon , Obokadauk , Onbet , Onbinhin , Padaung , Pahok , Pamalon , Pamun , Panghkok , Panghpahpa , Panghta , Pangshwehlaw , Paukka , Paybin , Payit , Pebin , Pegon , Pehkwin , Peinhnegon , Petkala , Pinma , Pinnoksut , Pinpalu , Poktho , Saguzwe , Sahpe , Saingkun , Saingkyu , Saingme , Sankat , Sankyein , Satkaya , Sauksaik , Sawpaga , Sayetkon , Sedaw , Shwedwin , Shwetagun , Sinlamaung , Sinnga , Sitsawk , Sutle , Swekawngaw , Tabaw , Taikat , Talaunggyaung , Tamanthi , Tapan , Tape , Tason , Tatkon , Taungbola , Taungdaw , Taungni-chinywa , Taung-ywa , Tawngbohla , Tawnglin , Tawng-ywa , Tawzi , Teinkin , Teinmata , Tetkon , Thabigon , Thapangaing , Thapanzeik , Thaungdut , Thawun , Thayagon , Thayagon , Thetkedawng , Thitseikkon , Thugyizu , Tilawng , Tonbawdi , Tonhe , Tonleik , Tonlon , Tonlonhupang , Tonmahe , Tonmakeng , Tonmalaw , Tonmate , Tonmatet , Tonmenan , Tonpin , Tonsaga , Tonsahka , Tonzi , Twetwa , Twetwa , Wetka , Yalagaung , Yaza , Yebawmi , Yegyanzin , Yegyaw , Yele , Yele , Yethpa , Ywadanshe , Ywathit , Zedizeik and Zibyugon .The most famous festival celebrated in the Homalin Township, which is largely inhabited by Naga tribals, is the Kaibi New Year festival on 15 January every year, which is a festival common to all Naga tribals of the entire region. Other festivals by the community are the new housing ceremony, harvesting ceremony and the spiritual worship ceremony. ", ["2_48"]] [20056, "Michael John Winters (born November 19, 1958) is an American former umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the National League from 1988 to 1999 and throughout both major leagues from 2000 to 2019, wearing number 33. For the 2011 season, Winters was named a crew chief following the retirements of Jerry Crawford , Mike Reilly , and Chuck Meriwether . He umpired in the minor leagues from 1982 to 1989 before joining the NL's regular staff in 1990. Winters wore uniform number 33 his entire career. He has officiated the All-Star Game in 1995 , 2007 , 2010 , and 2016 , the Division Series in 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , and 2018 , the League Championship Series in 1997 , 2004 , 2008 , 2011 , and 2012 , and the 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , and 2015 World Series . He was crew chief for the Division Series in 1998, 1999, 2014, and 2018. Winters opted out as the 2020 Major League Baseball season, which was delayed and shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In February 2021, he formally retired. On September 23, 2007, Winters was involved in a confrontation with San Diego Padres outfielder Milton Bradley , who alleged that Winters baited him. During the argument, Bradley lunged at Winters and tore an anterior cruciate ligament in his knee while being restrained by manager Bud Black . Major League Baseball suspended Winters for the remainder of the 2007 season for directing a profanity at Bradley. On August 17, 1992, Winters was the home plate umpire for Kevin Gross ' no-hitter . On June 28, 2007, Winters was at second base when Toronto Blue Jay Frank Thomas hit his 500th career home run off Minnesota Twins pitcher Carlos Silva . Later in the game, Thomas was ejected by plate umpire Mark Wegner for arguing balls and strikes, with Toronto manager John Gibbons also getting thrown out. He was chosen as one of the umpires for the one-game Wild Card playoff between the Atlanta Braves and the St. Louis Cardinals on October 5, 2012. On July 13, 2013, Winters served as the third base umpire for Tim Lincecum 's no-hitter vs San Diego , his first no-hitter as a crew chief. Winters served as one of three MLB umpire representatives for the November 2014 MLB Japan All-Star Series. Winters was chosen as the crew chief in the 2017 American League Wild Card Game .Winters went to college at San Diego State University and he currently lives in Carlsbad, California . He completed the New York City Marathon in 2007. List of Major League Baseball umpires", ["2_56"]] [20057, "Olubanke King Akerele (born May 11, 1946) is a Liberian politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf from October 2007 until her resignation on 3 November 2010. She is the granddaughter of Liberia's 17th president, Charles D. B. King . Akerele studied at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria and graduated from Brandeis University in Massachusetts , United States with a B.A. in economics. She earned her first M.A. from Northeastern University in manpower economics, then a second M.A. from Columbia University in economics of education. Akerele also completed her first year at the University of Liberia Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law . She later served for over 20 years at the United Nations .Upon the election of Sirleaf as president in 2005, Akerele was appointed as the Minister of Commerce and Industry. Following a 2007 cabinet shakeup, she replaced veteran diplomat George Wallace as Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 3 November 2010, Sirleaf dismissed her entire cabinet, including Akerele. She resigned that same day. Following the appointment of Toga G. McIntosh as Akerele's successor, Sirleaf disclosed that Akerele had resigned in order to receive medical treatment for an undisclosed illness.", ["2_57"]] [20058, "Arie Adriaan \"Aat\" van Rhijn (23 October 1892 \u2013 11 February 1986) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) party and later of the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. Van Rhijn worked as a researcher at the Utrecht University from April 1918 until July 1920 and as a civil servant for the Ministry of Water Management from June 1918 until July 1919. Van Rhijn worked as a trade association executive for the Publishing companies association (NUV) from July 1919 until January 1928 and also the Christian Employers' association (NCW) from April 1926 until January 1928. Van Rhijn worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Labour , Commerce and Industry as Director-General of the department for Public Health from January 1928 until June 1933 and for the Ministry of Economic Affairs as Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Economic Affairs from June 1933 until May 1940 and also for the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries as Secretary-General of the Ministry Agriculture and Fisheries from September 1935 until June 1937. Van Rhijn was appointed as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in the Cabinet De Geer II after the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries was officially split from the Ministry of Economic Affairs , taking office on 8 May 1940. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation . The Cabinet De Geer II fell on 26 August 1940 after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina and Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the Cabinet Gerbrandy I with Van Rhijn continuing as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, taking office on 3 September 1940. In April 1941 Van Rhijn was nominated as a Member of the Court of Audit but because the President of the Court of Audit Rudolph Zuyderhoff stayed behind after the government fled to London Van Rhijn became the De facto President of the Court of Audit, he resigned as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries the day he was installed as President of the Court of Audit, taking office on 1 May 1941.Following the end of World War II Van Rhijn returned as a civil servant for the Ministry of Social Affairs as Secretary-General of the Ministry of Social Affairs in July 1945. On 9 February 1946 the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) choose to merge to form the Labour Party (PvdA), Van Rhijn left the Christian Historical Union and joined the new Labour Party. Van Rhijn was appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs in the Cabinet Drees\u2013Van Schaik , taking office on 15 February 1950. The Cabinet Drees\u2013Van Schaik fell on 24 January 1951 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1951 when it was replaced by Cabinet Drees I with Van Rhijn continuing as State Secretary for Social Affairs, taking office on 15 March 1951. On 15 September 1951 the Ministry of Social Affairs was renamed as the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health with Van Rhijn reappointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs and Health . After the election of 1952 Van Rhijn again continued as State Secretary for Social Affairs and Health in the Cabinet Drees II , taking office on 2 September 1952. Van Rhijn was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1956 , taking office on 3 July 1956. Following the cabinet formation of 1956 Van Rhijn remained State Secretary for Social Affairs and Health in the Cabinet Drees III , taking office on 13 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Beel II on 22 December 1958. In January 1959 Van Rhijn announced that he would not stand for the election of 1959 . In September 1960 Van Rhijn was nominated as Member of the Council of State , serving from 1 October 1960 until 1 November 1967.Van Rhijn was known for his abilities as a manager and policy wonk . He holds the distinction as the second longest-serving State Secretary for Social Affairs after Louw de Graaf with 8 years.Media related to Aat van Rhijn at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_58"]] [20059, "The third USS Myrtle (SP-3289) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1919. Myrtle was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1915 by T. B. Hayman at Elizabeth City , North Carolina . On 26 August 1918, the 5th Naval District inspected her at Norfolk , Virginia , for possible naval service, and on 16 October 1918, the U.S. Navy leased her from her owner, A. S. Rascol of Windsor , North Carolina, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS Myrtle (SP-3289).Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Myrtle carried out patrol and dispatch duties in the Norfolk area for the rest of 1918.The Navy returned Myrtle to Rascol on 27 January 1919.", ["2_59"]] [20062, "The Nicholas Gotten House is located on 2969 Court Street in Bartlett, Tennessee , United States. It houses the Bartlett Museum , a local history museum operated by the Bartlett Historical Society. The white frame structure was built by Nicholas Gotten in 1871. It has a saltbox -style side profile, with an asymmetrical roof which slopes lower on the back.Nicholas Gotten immigrated from Germany at the age of 22 in 1854. He was a blacksmith and served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest . In the years following the war, Gotton made a living as a miller and ginner . He and his wife Julia Coleman raised three children in the house. Until the late 1970s, the Gotten House was owned by the City of Bartlett and used as the Bartlett Police Station. In the early 1980s, the house was leased by the City of Bartlett to the Bartlett Historic Society in a 50-year contract for $1 per year, to save the house from planned demolition and to refurbish the property. The structure became the seat of the Bartlett Historic Society, and since 1990 it has housed the Bartlett Museum. Exhibits on display at the museum are of relevance to local history: the collection includes photographs, written documents on the history of Bartlett, artifacts, and period furniture. The museum is open to the public every first and third Sunday of the month from 2-4 pm. Admission to the museum is free.On March 20, 2002, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . After a $100,000 renovation in 2007, which included authentic new windows, doors and fixtures, the Gotten house was declared a Bartlett Historic Landmark by the Bartlett Historic Preservation Commission in 2008. ", ["2_62"]] [20067, "La Bible amusante pour les grands et les enfants ( The Amusing Bible for Grown-ups and Children ) was a book by L\u00e9o Taxil with illustrations by Frid'rick published in 1882 by Libraire anticl\u00e9ricale , in which he pointed out what he considered to be inconsistencies, errors and false beliefs. At the time of publication the author was accused of irreverently mocking the Bible. The Times called for the book to be suppressed. This article about a book related to Christianity is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Bible -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_67"]] [20068, "The Thomaston Central Historic District is a historic district in the town of Thomaston , Alabama , United States . Thomaston was founded in 1901, the same year that the B.S. & N.O. Railroad, now CSX Transportation , went through the town. The historic district features examples of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture and is roughly bounded by Chestnut Street, Sixth Avenue, Seventh Avenue, Short Street, and the railroad. This Marengo County , Alabama state location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_68"]] [20069, "Theaster Gates (born August 28, 1973) is an American social practice installation artist and a professor in the Department of Visual Arts at the University of Chicago . He was born in Chicago , Illinois , where he still lives and works. Gates' work has been shown at major museums and galleries internationally and deals with urban planning, religious space, and craft. He works to revitalize underserved neighborhoods by combining urban planning and art practices. Gates' art practice responds to disinvestment in African-American urban communities, particularly in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007\u20132008 , addresses the importance of formal archives for remembering and valuing Black cultural forms, and disrupts artistic canons, especially those of post-painterly abstraction and color field painting.Theaster Gates was born and raised in East Garfield Park on the West Side of Chicago . He was the youngest of nine children and the only son. His father was a roofer, and his mother a school teacher. His sisters passed on their interest in civil rights activism, and the family attended a Baptist church where Gates, a choir member, became interested in performance . Gates attended Lane Technical High School .In 1996, Gates graduated from Iowa State University with a B.S. in urban planning and ceramics. After college, he worked primarily in ceramics and spent a year in Tokoname , Japan, studying pottery. He decided he wanted to explore religion in South Africa, and in 1998 he received an M.A. degree at the University of Cape Town in fine arts and religious studies. Gates' early work centered on his training as a ceramicist and study of comparative religions, and \"many of his early projects addressed the shared significance of pottery in Japanese and African-American cultures.\" In 2007, Gates organized a conceptual exhibition at the Hyde Park Art Center titled Plate Convergence in which he staged a fictional event as an elaborate backstory for ceramic plates he had made. The fiction involved Shoji Yamaguchi, a Japanese-born potter who had emigrated to the United States after WWII and took up residence in Mississippi, where he married a local black woman and civil rights activist and designed a plate especially suitable for the cuisine of black people. The plate became a centerpiece of dinner parties and salons for discussing art and politics. In Gates' words, \"As the story went, [Yamaguchi] and his wife died in a car accident in 1991 and their son founded the Yamaguchi Institute to continue their vision of social transformation. I made ceramic plates, videotaped highly curated dinners and found a space for an exhibition of the ceramics and video. We gave a huge Japanese soul-food dinner, made by a Japanese chef and my sister, in honor of the Yamaguchis and their dinners. A young mixed-race artist enacted the role of their son and thanked everyone for coming.\" In 2008, Gates created his second fictional institution, with the exhibition \"Tea Shacks, Collard Greens and the Preservation of Soul\" at a temporary gallery space in Chicago that Gates dubbed the Center for the Proliferation of Afro-Asian Artifacts. In 2010, Gates created an exhibition responding to and centering around the work of David Drake , titled Theaster Gates: To Speculate Darkly , at the Milwaukee Art Museum . In this exhibition Gates used Drake's work to address issues of craft and race in African American history. Gates is the founder and artist director of the Rebuild Foundation, a non-profit organization focused on cultural-driven redevelopment and affordable space initiatives in under-resourced communities. Under Gates' leadership, the Rebuild Foundation currently manages projects in the Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood of Chicago. Rebuild gained 501(c)(3) status in December 2010. Program sites include the Stony Island Arts Bank, the Black Cinema House, the Dorchester Art + Housing Collaborative, Archive House, and Listening House. For the Dorchester Projects, Gates restored and converted vacant buildings into cultural institutions with archival collections from the South Side . Gates's Rebuild Foundation has renovated two houses on Dorchester Avenue, now called the Archive House and the Listening House. The Archive House holds 14,000 architecture books from a closed bookshop. The Listening House holds 8,000 records purchased at the closing of Dr. Wax Records. In 2013, Gates purchased the Stony Island State Savings Bank from the city of Chicago. The bank, now known as the Stony Island Arts Bank , contains the book collection of John H. Johnson , founder of Ebony and Jet magazines; the record collection of Frankie Knuckles , the godfather of house music ; and slides of the collections of the University of Chicago and the Art Institute of Chicago . In 2015, his Stony Island work was included in the inaugural Chicago Architecture Biennial . The physical location of the Bank has also allowed Gates to host temporary exhibitions of artists, such as Glenn Ligon . By working with archival collections centered in African-American history, Gates' work addresses issues of history, memory, and the value ascribed to Black history and cultural production. He cites the influence on his own work of, for example, the Chicago ceramicist Marva Lee Pitchford-Jolly . His 2017 piece \"plantation lullabies\" involved 4,000 pieces of what Gates describes as \"negrobilia.\" This included: old sheet music, signs, pamphlets, coin banks, figurines - as part of the Edward Williams Collection. Similarly, his Black Image Corporation involved the use of John H. Johnson 's photographic archive - with special focus being given to Black image-makers who were prominent during the civil rights era - Moneta Sleet Jr and Isaac Sutton. Many of his works incorporate archived objects imbued with histories of racism, like his extensive series of works made with decommissioned firehoses, including In Case of Race Riot Break the Glass (2011) and the Civil Tapestry series (2011-ongoing). The use of the hoses gestures to the extensive history of police departments using firehoses to attack protesters during the Civil Rights Movement . A 2024 exhibition at the Stony Island Arts Bank, combines original work by Gates and other artists with archival materials, furnishings and decor that Gates salvaged from the Johnson Publishing Company's South Michigan Avenue building in Chicago in 2010. From 2011 to 2018, Gates was the founding director of Arts + Public Life at the University of Chicago . In this role, he oversaw staff at the Arts Incubator in Washington Park and the Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts, a wide network of resident and visiting artists (including current and former participants in our residency program), community participants, programmatic partners, and friends. He is also a full professor in the Department of Visual Arts at the university.Gates was also the leader of the Place Lab, a partnership between Arts + Public Life and the Harris School of Public Policy , which worked to design and implement new approaches to urban development. The Place Lab partnered with the demonstration cities of Gary, Akron, Detroit, and other Knight Foundation communities. In January 2014 he designed a million-dollar installation for the South Side's 95th Street subway terminal. It is the largest public art project in the history of the Chicago Transit Authority . He was participant at the 2012 DOCUMENTA (13) art show in Kassel , Germany, the 2010 Whitney Biennial in New York, the Milwaukee Art Museum in 2010, the 2010 Art Chicago fair. He was included in \"Hand+Made: The Performative Impulse in Art and Craft\", at the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston , and in 2013 had a solo show, 13th Ballad , at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago . On May 30, 2014, Gates and jazz pianist Jason Moran led a one-time performance entitled Looks of a Lot as part of the \"Symphony Center Presents Jazz\" series and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra 's \"Truth to Power Festival.\"In October 2015, Gates created an installation at Temple Church, Bristol , England. Built in co-operation with its owner English Heritage , \"Sanctum\" will provide a venue with 24 hours of music and performance over 24 days, in a performance event funded by Arts Council England and developed as part of Bristol 2015 Green Capital. In October 2020, Gates opened a large scale show at Gagosian Gallery in New York City. The show titled is Black Vessel . The show explores themes of family life, maternal love, and manual labor. Many of the materials he used in the show are roofing materials, an homage to his father who worked as a roofer. The central installation is the main gallery, which Gates lined with bricks fired black at a South Carolina brickworks . Gates cited the COVID-19 pandemic and the time he spent alone as having created an environment within which to incubate his ideas. His exhibition Future Histories: Theaster Gates and Cauleen Smith , appeared at the SF MOMA from October 2020-May 2021. A Clay Sermon at London's Whitechapel Gallery went on display from October \u2013 January 2021. In addition to a new film work and a series of ceramic vessels, the exhibition included a selection of historic ceramics from private and public collections, including the Victoria and Albert Museum , where he has been emeritus Fellow at the V&A Research Institute. As part of Gates's 2021\u20132022 London take-over, he also mounted an exhibition at White Cube Mason's Yard, Oh, The Wind Oh, The Wind and a display Slight Intervention #5 at Victoria and Albert Museum. The exhibition, Theaster Gates: When Clouds Roll Away: Reflection and Restoration from the Johnson Archive, opened at the Stony Island Arts Center in 2024 . Gates designed the 2022 Serpentine Pavilion for Serpentine Galleries . Gates working as a team with architects Asif Khan Studio, Sir David Adjaye , and Mariam Kamara will undertake The Waterfront Transformation: Canning Dock project, which is part of the 10-year plan of National Museums Liverpool to transform the city's waterfront. They will redevelop the site's buildings including the Dr Martin Luther King Jr building, which will sit at the centre of the International Slavery Museum . Gates has described Liverpool's Canning Dock as representing \"one of the most important racialised sites in the UK\" and that the team wanted to \"give emotional heft to the truth of slavery in the UK historically\" by \"using the tools of monument making and memorialising and commemoration\". Since 2016, Gates has been serving on the board of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden . In 2017, he served on the selection committee for the design of the Barack Obama Presidential Center in Chicago. In 2018, along with David Adjaye and Bono , Gates curated the third (RED) auction in Miami to support the Global Fund 's work against AIDS , raising a total $10.5 million including matching funds by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . Since 2019, he has been co-chairing the fashion group Prada 's Diversity and Inclusion Advisory Council, alongside Ava DuVernay . ", ["2_69"]] [20070, "Brekken Church ( Norwegian : Brekken kirke ) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in R\u00f8ros municipality in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway . It is located in the village of Brekken , at the eastern end of the lake Aursunden . It is the church for the Brekken parish which is part of the Gauldal prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nidaros . The gray, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1878 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan . The building can hold about 200 people. The people of the Brekken area had been requesting their own chapel for some time. On 21 January 1873, a royal decree was issued that authorized the construction of a new chapel in Brekken. Jacob Wilhelm Nordan made the designs for the new building and from 1876-1878 the new church was constructed. The new building was consecrated on 17 July 1878 by the Bishop Andreas Grimelund . Later, the chapel was upgraded to being a full parish church. The altarpiece was painted by Waldemar Wilberg in 1880, it was a copy of Adolph Tidemand 's altarpiece of Jesus' baptism that was located in the Trinity Church in Kristiania . ", ["2_70"]] [20072, "Georges Yvan \"G\u00e9o\" Andr\u00e9 (13 August 1889 \u2013 4 May 1943) was a French track and field athlete and rugby union player. As an athlete, he competed in the 1908 , 1912 , 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics in various events, including long jump , high jump , 400 m sprint, 110 and 400 m hurdles, pentathlon and decathlon . He won a silver medal in the high jump in 1908 and a bronze in the 4 \u00d7 400 m relay in 1920, finishing fourth in the 400 m hurdles in 1920 and 1924 and fifth in the standing high jump in 1908. At the 1924 Olympics, he took the Olympic Oath and served as the flag bearer for the French delegation. Andr\u00e9 won French titles in 110 m hurdles (1908, 1914, 1919, 1922), 400 m hurdles (1913\u201314, 1919\u201320, 1922), high jump (1907\u20131909, 1911, 1914, 1919), standing high jump (1909, 1911\u201312, 1914, 1919\u201320). He held national records in the 110 m hurdles (1908 \u2013 15.8; 1922 \u2013 15.4), 400 m hurdles (1913 \u2013 57.0; 1920 \u2013 57.0/56.0/55.6), high jump (1907 \u2013 1.79; 1908 \u2013 1.80/1.885), and 4 \u00d7 400 m relay (1922 \u2013 3:24.0). In 1913\u20131914 he played for the national rugby team. Andr\u00e9 was wounded while serving as a fighter pilot in World War I . After retiring from competitions, he worked as a sports journalist for several prominent French newspapers. During World War II he joined the infantry and was killed by German forces in 1943 in Tunis , aged 53. His son Jacques (1919\u20131988) competed as a hurdler in the 1948 Olympics. ", ["2_72"]] [20075, "The third USS Relief (YP-2) was a lookout station tender that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1921. Relief was a wooden private motorboat built during 1910 at Yarmouth , Maine . Ensign Walter G. Richardson purchased her for the U.S. Navy for World War I service on 13 June 1917 with funds furnished by the Bar Harbor War Relief Committee of Bar Harbor , Maine, for use as a tender to the lookout station at Crumple Island , Maine. In 1920 she was designated YP-2 .Relief was sold on 4 June 1921 to Gus Potter of Yonkers , New York , remaining on mercantile registers until 1946 when she was transferred to exempt status as a yacht .This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . The entry can be found here .", ["2_75"]] [20078, "WWE World at WrestleMania , formerly known as WrestleMania Axxess , is a professional wrestling fan convention held by WWE during the week of WrestleMania . The event typically runs for four to five days\u2014from Thursday to Sunday or Monday\u2014and features WWE talent and alumni autograph signings, interviews, fan activities, memorabilia displays, meet-and-greets, and matches. WrestleMania Axxess was briefly discontinued from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , but was relaunched as WWE World at WrestleMania beginning with WrestleMania XL in 2024. The first event happened in 1988, when the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now known as WWE) in association with The Trump Organization prepared a small festival to celebrate WrestleMania IV . It included autograph signings, a brunch, and a five kilometer run; the event was held again in 1989 for WrestleMania V . In 1992, a festival was held the day of WrestleMania VIII which included a WWF wrestler look-alike contest and a tournament for the WWF WrestleFest arcade game. In 1993, the WWF held a \"WrestleMania Brunch\" the day of WrestleMania IX at Caesars Palace , during the course of which Lex Luger attacked Bret Hart . In 1994, the WWF offered \"Fan Fest\" for the weekend of WrestleMania X , which allowed fans to step inside a WWF ring, participate in games, meet wrestlers, and purchase merchandise; the event was followed up in 1995 with another \"Fan Fest\" for WrestleMania XI . In 1999, the WWF held its first Saturday pre-WrestleMania event taking place on March 27, 1999. WrestleMania Rage Party , as it was known, was televised live on the USA Network from 10:00\u00a0p.m. to 11:00\u00a0p.m. ( EST ). The event was to be held at the Pennsylvania Convention Center . The idea of the event was \"...to celebrate the final WrestleMania of the millennium...\" The following year, the WWF held its first WrestleMania Axxess event at the Anaheim Convention Center expanding upon the party idea of WrestleMania Rage Party . The event included autograph signings and mementos of inductees of the WWE Hall of Fame . There were also activities where fans could enter a wrestling ring and commentate a wrestling match. In 2001, WrestleMania Axxess was held at the Reliant Hall which expanded upon the event by adding numerous activities including areas where attendees could buy special merchandise, see a production truck, and check out special WWE vehicles. In 2002, WrestleMania Axxess was extended to a three-day event and was held at the Skydome (now Rogers Centre ). The three-day event included similar activities to that of the one-day line-up. In 2007, WrestleMania Axxess went on tour around cities in both the United States and Canada. In recent years, Axxess has become a four-day event, with one session on Thursday, Friday, and Sunday, and three sessions on Saturday.Since 2013, NXT matches have been held at WrestleMania Axxess, and since 2017, matches from various independent promotions have been held, such as Insane Championship Wrestling , Progress Wrestling , and Evolve . In 2018, WWE held four invitational tournaments for NXT championship matches. The winners of the WWE United Kingdom Championship Invitational , NXT North American Championship Invitational , NXT Tag Team Championship Invitational , and NXT Women's Championship Invitational tournaments received matches for the respective titles on April 8. WWE cancelled the traditional WrestleMania Axxess events since 2020 due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently announced that the 2022 event during WrestleMania 38 weekend will be replaced by a Superstore Axxess shop with superstar panels and premium experiences. Unlike previous events, no live wrestling matches and only a limited amount of autograph signings were involved for the 2023 event. For WrestleMania XL in April 2024, WWE relaunched the event under a new name of WWE World at WrestleMania, which was done in partnership with Fanatics Events and held at the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The event runs from Thursday, April 4 until Monday, April 8. The five-day event includes interview panel sessions with WWE wrestlers, a WWE 2K24 gaming tournament, live podcast recordings, meet-and-greets with wrestlers, and a large merchandise store with various memorabilia honoring WrestleMania's 40-year history. Every year during the week leading up to WrestleMania, the WrestleMania Superstore is open at WrestleMania Axxess. The WrestleMania Superstore has \"the largest selection of WrestleMania and WWE merchandise under one roof\". It has over 700 items and includes exclusive Superstore-only merchandise. The store is open to the public, and no ticket is required. Beginning in 2013, WWE has honored a Legend Superstar by unveiling a real-size statue at WrestleMania Axxess. This has not occurred every year, with no statue being unveiled in 2018 and 2023. (Excluding 2020 and 2021 when there was no convention following the COVID-19 pandemic .) ", ["2_78"]] [20087, "The Liggett and Myers Harpring Tobacco Storage Warehouse (built in 1930) is a building located in Lexington, Kentucky . The building is significant for its association with the burley tobacco industry in Lexington, Kentucky between 1930 and 1980 and is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Kentucky . After the end of World War I , Lexington positioned itself as the largest burley tobacco market in the state, a position that was strengthened by its increase in the number of tobacco warehouse being built across the city. This new surge in the consumption of burley tobacco is what drove Liggett and Myers to build a new tobacco facility in Lexington in 1930. A newspaper article announcing the construction of the $100,000 warehouse stated that Liggett and Myers plan \"to use the warehouse as a storage plant for tobacco here and awaiting shipment to their factories. The new warehouse will be completed and put into use by the opening of the tobacco season here this winter\". The warehouse, located along Manchester Street and the L&N Railroad, was named for Liggett and Myers' head buyer in Kentucky, F. G. Harpring of Louisville . The new warehouse joined a line of other tobacco-related structures in Lexington's northwest tobacco district. A November 1930 article in the Lexington Leader touted the scope and scale of the Harpring Storage Warehouse. \"One of the largest and finest roofing and sheet metal jobs ever done in this part of the country is now being completed by the James D. Harper firm, 724 West Short Street, on the new Liggett and Myers tobacco warehouse on the Old Frankfort Pike.\" The article detailed the amount of metal used, which given the size of the warehouse, is impressive: \"1 ,200 squares of Baird\u2019s Specification roofing; 1,900 lineal feet of Baird\u2019s flashing; 1,200 lineal feet of molded gutters; 600 feet of downspout; 300 feet of corrugated iron siding and 150 squares of screen wire.\" The Harpring Storage Warehouse represented a major financial investment on the part of Liggett and Myers. The warehouse cost $100,000 to build. Between 1930 and the start of World War II, the urban tobacco landscape in Lexington grew dramatically. The consolidation in the tobacco markets meant that Lexington, a rail and road hub, benefited from a building boom of new, mostly metal-clad warehouses. This includes both sales and storage warehouses. The introduction of the metal-clad steel-frame brick-firewall storage warehouse with multiple sections under one roof, rippled throughout Lexington's burley storage landscape. The Harpring Warehouse began receiving tobacco during the 1930 sales season, and its design was quickly co-opted by other companies. In 1931, other national tobacco firms commenced building similar storage warehouses.The Harpring Storage Warehouse was built at a pivotal time for Liggett and Myers, at least in terms of burley tobacco production. The burley tobacco market brought in more than $17 million in 1930, a year when the volume of burley at local warehouses shattered all records. Twenty sales warehouses in Lexington contained more than 9 million pounds of tobacco, while \"another million were on wagons and trucks on streets, unable to find room in the warehouses.\" The impacts on the local economy were noticeable. Beyond the men who worked in the warehouses, and the growers themselves, Lexington's businesses prospered during the winter months of selling. The warehouse itself was one of the first concrete floor tobacco warehouses in Kentucky and was considered to be the \"gold standard\" by which other tobacco warehouses were measured. In December 1931, the Lexington Leader carried a story about the spike in automobile sales during the sales season. Local car dealers reported an increase in both new and used-car sales, and the buyers came from far and wide, with at least one out-of-state grower buying a new car with his proceeds from selling his tobacco at the Lexington warehouses. The tobacco warehouses of Lexington, however, fell mostly silent during World War II. Labor shortages translated into a sharp drop in tobacco production, and many warehouses in urban areas underwent transformation into storage for war supplies. E.J. O'Brien and Company, which had are-drying and re-handling facility and a hogshead tobacco warehouse at the corner of South Broadway and Virginia Avenue, underwent a conversion to manufacturing parachutes during World War II. Throughout the 1960s; parades were held to celebrate the role of burley tobacco in the local economy, and the sales warehouse was a busy and festive place to be from Thanksgiving through January. Lexington's population increased during the sales season and local businesses benefitted from the influx of growers with ready cash, warehouse operators seeking to form new relationships, and buyers flocking to town to get the most leaf tor the best price.The forces which allowed Lexington to rise to such heights within the burley tobacco industry contributed to the town's gradual demise as a tobacco center in the late 1970s. During that decade and into the 1980s, tobacco companies nationally began \"merging small tobacco facilities to form more modem facilities in central locations.\" Liggett and Myers was the first national tobacco company to leave Lexington in the late 1970s. According to Rogers' nomination, the Liggett and Myers Tobacco Re-handling Plant on Bolivar closed in the 1960s. The company sold the building to a private individual in 1973.Lorillard announced closure of its storage warehouses in Lexington in 1983, intending to consolidate with facilities in Danville, Virginia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania . Brown and Williamson left Lexington in 1984, when it consolidated its Lexington operations and moved them to North Carolina .From 1980 to 2007, the warehouse was primarily used as general storage. In 2007, the warehouse was purchased and used as an antique mall until 2011. In December 2012, the building was purchased at auction by Kevin McCloud. The two current tenants are Teak Closeouts and Cabinet Kings.The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Kentucky on March 27, 2013.The Harpring Warehouse is a steel-frame metal-clad on a poured concrete floor rectangular storage warehouse, with space for over 20,000 hogsheads of tobacco and the current condition of the site has not changed much since the original building was completed, though the two water towers once located on either end of the warehouse are gone. The gable roof, originally clad in a wood sheathing and built-up tar, peaks at 25 feet at the ridgeline, and 18 feet high along the sides. The ceiling inside the warehouse is tongue and groove wood boards.The facade of the warehouse faces east, and the current owner commissioned a local artist to paint a mural on the metal siding on that end. A small shed addition juts out from the east elevation; this was presumably built at a later date to accommodate administrative needs. On the north side of this addition are three garage bays with metal rolling doors. The first door features a drive-up ramp so that trucks could enter the warehouse, while the two subsequent doors are designed for loading and unloading with no ramp.Three of the five brick firewalls feature a brick face pierced by two sliding doors; the doors lead into the warehouse space on either side of the firewall. The brick elevation has a parapet wall topped with metal coping. Beneath the parapet and above each sliding door is a brick inset that contains fiberglass for a transom-like effect. On the north elevation, each entryway is accessed by an elevated platform covered with a shed roof. The west elevation, leading into section six of the warehouse, has one garage bay entrance. This section is built at an angle so trucks could drive directly into the warehouse.On the south elevation, a later elevated walkway system connects the three sets of entryways. The south elevation of the warehouse features six shed-roofed extensions from the main wall that contain elements of the original sprinkler system. These small additions are constructed of brick with poured concrete tops, and sheathed in corrugated metal like the warehouse. On either side of the warehouse, are three fire hydrants.The two water towers were removed sometime before the 1980s. Remnants of the concrete that once held the mighty supports can still be seen. The water towers were installed to support the fire sprinkler suppression system.The Harpring Storage Warehouse features a steel frame and poured concrete floor. The steel supports provide a very open floor plan, ideal for the storage of thousands of hogsheads. Each section is 190 feet long and 110 feet wide. In some of the warehouse sections, the corrugated metal siding has been sprayed with insulation. Sections of walls feature fiberglass instead of metal cladding; this additional light complemented the skylights present in each section. Five of the warehouse sections contain four large skylights each. A one-story, shed roofed detached brick boiler room is located at the west end of the warehouse and on the east side of the warehouse, the property features a freestanding 1000 square foot building used as a former guard house. This building housed two full-time security guards. The guard house is made exclusively of brick and a concrete ceiling/roof.The boiler was originally coal fired and the concrete floor of the warehouse is supposed to have a form of radiant heat. The boiler is non-operational today.", ["2_87"]] [20090, "Manfred Jung (9 July 1940 \u2013 14 April 2017) was a German operatic tenor , who performed Wagner's heldentenor roles internationally, including the Metropolitan Opera and the Bayreuth Festival where he was Siegfried in the Jahrhundertring , but he also sang all other tenor roles in Der Ring des Nibelungen . Born in Oberhausen , Jung worked as a lighting technician at the Grillo-Theater in Essen . He studied voice at the Folkwang-Hochschule with Hilde Wesselmann, completing the Staatsexamen in 1968. He was engaged at the Kammeroper ( Chamber Opera ) in Cologne , from 1971 to 1975 at the Opernhaus Dortmund , where he appeared in 27 lyrical tenor roles, including leading roles such as Tamino in Mozart's Die Zauberfl\u00f6te and Hans in Smetana's Die verkaufte Braut . He then moved to the Pfalztheater in Kaiserslautern , where he performed more dramatic roles such as Max in Weber's Der Freisch\u00fctz and Don Jos\u00e9 in Bizet's Carmen . He made his debut in Bayreuth in 1967 at the Bayreuther Jugendfestspiele as Arindal in Wagner's Die Feen , and sang in the festival choir there from 1970 to 1973. In 1975, he appeared as a guest at the Salzburg Easter Festival with Herbert von Karajan . He sang as a guest at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in 1976 and was engaged until 1988. When he appeared as a guest in Berlin in November 1976, he was recommended to the Bayreuth Festival , and appeared there as Siegfried in G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung from 1977, in the Jahrhundertring staged by Patrice Ch\u00e9reau for the centenary of the festival and the stage work, alongside Gwyneth Jones as Br\u00fcnnhilde, and conducted by Pierre Boulez . He sang in Bayreuth several heldentenor roles, including three different cycles of The Ring . He appeared internationally, such as 1980 in New York's Carnegie Hall , in 1981 at the Vienna State Opera and the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Jung and the rest of the cast received the Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording for their recording of the Jahrhundertring conducted by Pierre Boulez , as Siegfried in both Siegfried and G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung at the 25th Annual Grammy Awards . He was one of few singers who performed all tenor parts in Der Ring des Nibelungen . Jung was from c. 2005 the artistic director of the Junge Musiker-Stiftung , a Bayreuth foundation running the singing competition Cantilena Gesangswettbewerb for young singers in the categories opera, concert and operetta. He died in Essen . ", ["2_90"]] [20093, "Mugarra is a peak of Biscay , Basque Country ( Spain ), 936 m high, belonging to the Aramotz massif. The Aramotz massif is in the western limit of the Urkiola range. Mugarra continues the line of the Anboto , Alluitz , Aitz Txiki and Untxillaitz and is the eastern limit of the Aramotz massif.Huge limestone rock where fossil rests of seashell can be found. The southern face forms a 300 m high cliff over the col of Mugarrekolanda . In this cliff have their nests the majority of the vulture pairs of Urkiola (60 estimated). The northern face, facing Durango , is very steep but does not form a cliff, and it is covered by beeches and Cantabrian Holm Oaks .The crest of Mugarra has many rock climbing ways, but climbing is not permitted to avoid disrupting of the vultures' habitat. This limestone crest is being consumed by a great quarry that causes irreparable damage to the mountain and is bordering the protected area.In Ma\u00f1aria (181 m), a good path reaches the Mugarrekolanda (760 m) col. From the col an easy route leads to the summit from the west. It is possible from there to access the eastern part of the crest through the break of Atxurkulu (662 m). The ascent takes 2h..", ["2_93"]] [20094, "JoAnn Hardin Morgan (December 4, 1940) is an American aerospace engineer who was the first female engineer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) John F. Kennedy Space Center and the first woman to serve as a senior executive at Kennedy Space Center. For her work at NASA, Morgan was honored by U.S. President Bill Clinton as a Meritorious Executive in 1995 and 1998. Prior to her retirement in 2003, she held various leadership positions over 40 years in the human space flight programs at NASA. Morgan served as the director of the External Relations and Business Development during her final years at the space center. JoAnn Hardin, the oldest child of four children of Don and Laverne Hardin, was born in Huntsville, Alabama on December 4, 1940, near where her father was stationed as a U.S. Army pilot at Redstone Arsenal during World War Two. While she was in high school, her family relocated to Titusville, Florida where her father worked at Cape Canaveral as an ordnance administrator in the U.S. Army's rocket program. There she met her future husband, Larry Morgan. Immediately after graduating from high school in June 1958, she joined the Army Ballistic Missile Agency at Cape Canaveral as a civilian engineering aide. In the Fall of 1958, Hardin enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesville where she studied mathematics. During her summer breaks, she continued to work at Cape Canaveral under mentors such as German-American engineer Wernher von Braun . In her work as an engineering aide, Hardin had hands-on experience designing rocket launch computer systems for the initial NASA flight programs. After Hardin earned a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics at the Jacksonville State University in Alabama in 1963, she went to work for NASA at the Kennedy Space Center as an aerospace engineer. In 1963, Morgan began full-time employment at Kennedy Space Center. She was the only female engineer, and she recalls that she \"would remain the only woman there for a long time.\" Morgan was the only female engineer in the firing room during the launch of Apollo 11 on 16 July 1969. Morgan humorously notes that \"for the first 15 years, I worked in a building where there wasn't a ladies' rest room,\" and \"it was a big day in my book when there was one.\" Morgan was selected to receive a Sloan Fellowship to prepare her for a management position at the space center. She enrolled at Stanford University and earned a Masters of Science in 1977. Two years later she was promoted to the Chief of the Computer Services Division. Morgan served as the director of the External Relations and Business Development during her final years at the space center except for a brief stint in 2002 when she was appointed as acting deputy director of KSC for several months. Morgan retired in August 2003 with forty-five years of service to NASA. Morgan was honored by U.S. President Bill Clinton as a Meritorious Executive in 1995 and 1998. In 1995, she was inducted into the Florida Women's Hall of Fame. According to Orlando Business Journal , \"during her career in the U.S. human space flight programs, Morgan has received many honors and awards, including an achievement award for her work during the activation of Apollo Launch Complex 39, four exceptional service medals, and two outstanding leadership medals.\" She received an Outstanding Leadership Medal in 1991 and 2001, the Society of Women Engineer's National \"Upward Mobility Award,\" and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' \"J. Tal Webb Award\" in 1994, the \"Distinguished Service Award\" by the Space Coast Chapter of Federally Employed Women in 1996, the \"Achievement Award for Management Leadership\" by the 34th Annual Space Congress in 1998, the \"Debus Award\" from the National Space Club in 1998, and the \"1998 Presidential Distinguished Rank Award\". Morgan is a member of AIAA , the National Space Club, and Tau Beta Pi . Morgan was appointed to be a Trustee of the Florida state universities for two terms, in 2001 and 2003. ", ["2_94"]] [20095, "The Public Enemy was a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Rocco Rock and Johnny Grunge . The duo competed in many promotions, including Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). They won the World Tag Team Championships in each company except WWF. Their name was taken from a black and white gangster film , and prior to becoming a team , Rocco Rock and Johnny Grunge had a long-standing feud on the independent circuit . In addition, the two wrestled each other under their former ring names the Cheetah Kid and Johnny Rotten in a dark match at the first TV tapings for WWF Monday Night Raw on January 11, 1993, eight months before they would debut as a tag team in ECW.In September 2002, Rocco Rock died after a heart attack . Johnny Grunge died in February 2006 from sleep apnea complications.The Public Enemy made their ECW debut in September 1993 at UltraClash , as booker Paul Heyman gave them the gimmick of white guys who embraced and loved the growing hip hop culture of America. Heyman has stated that he got the inspiration to create The Public Enemy from a Newsweek article about the cultural changes occurring in America and the difficulty for young men living in places like Los Angeles during the early 1990s, with a quote that stated \"The generation of today is more afraid of living than dying\". The team quickly became one of the more popular acts in the company; their wild brawling style, complete with a myriad of foreign objects and the inclusion of tables, made them one of the most feared teams in the company and it wasn't long before they won their first ECW Tag Team Championship . They regularly danced their way to the ring, waving their arms to their theme song ( Ini Kamoze 's \" Here Comes The Hotstepper \") and inviting fans into the ring for impromptu dance parties after winning matches. As The Public Enemy was embraced by the majority of fans, Heyman was inspired to bring in The Gangstas ( New Jack and Mustafa Saed , from Smoky Mountain Wrestling ) at Barbed Wire, Hoodies & Chokeslams to feud with TPE. The Gangstas immediately began a long and bloody feud with The Public Enemy, which pitted The Gangstas' \"harsh, gritty West Coast gangsta \" lifestyle against The Public Enemy's \" East Coast feel good\" style. Their feud is among the feuds most often cited as \"classic ECW\".The Public Enemy was also involved in some of ECW's most memorable moments. On one occasion, during a singles match between Cactus Jack and Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven 1994 , the Public Enemy interfered and attacked both wrestlers. Terry Funk turned to the crowd and asked the fans if he could have a chair to use. A fan immediately threw a chair into the ring, and not long after many other fans followed suit. Eventually the ring was filled with chairs with both members of The Public Enemy buried underneath.In another incident in Tampa, Florida , towards the end of their run with ECW, during the Sunshine State Slaughter event in 1995, The Public Enemy asked the fans to come into the ring to dance with them one last time. As more and more fans piled in and onto the ring, all dancing and celebrating, the ring collapsed.On November 19, 1995, The Public Enemy received a tryout with the WWF, wrestling a dark match against then WWF Tag-Team Champions The Smokin' Gunns . The team would receive an offer to sign with the company, but instead elected to go with a competing overture from World Championship Wrestling. In January 1996, after their success in ECW, The Public Enemy signed on to work for World Championship Wrestling (WCW). When they arrived in WCW, they continued acting as they did in the manner that made them so popular with fans. Although the majority of the WCW fanbase was unfamiliar with the ECW product at the time, they still carried tables to the ring. During their three-year stint, they won their only WCW World Tag Team Championship with a victory over Harlem Heat in September 1996, though their reign lasted only eight days. The team wrestled through September 1998 and was mostly victorious in their final year with the company, concluding their run with a win over Villanos IV and V on a Worldwide episode. At ECW's House Party 1999 on January 16, The Public Enemy made a long-awaited and much-hyped return to the ECW Arena, in order to answer the challenge of the Dudley Boyz . At the time, they were still under contract to WCW, but they successfully brawled (with assistance from New Jack) with the Dudleys. Following the showdown, Johnny Grunge grabbed the microphone and claimed that the past three years had been a \"rollercoaster ride\" for the team, and that \"if you opened up our chest and looked at our hearts, there's only one thing stamped on it, and that's ECW!\" Grunge further thanked the Dudleys for house-sitting \"the house that the Public Enemy built\" while they were gone, and then invited everyone in attendance to join them in the ring for a post-show celebration. Their next scheduled appearance was at Crossing the Line '99 on February 12 in Queens, New York against the Dudleys, which they cancelled due to negotiating with the WWF. The team was buried on the February 20 edition of ECW Hardcore TV as being cowards who ran from a fight. Footage of the Dudleys hitting big moves on the team at an event in Detroit was shown, with a headline stating \"Breaking News: The Dudleys Destroy Public Enemy.\" Two days later, the team would make their WWF debut.The Public Enemy signed with the World Wrestling Federation in early 1999. They were not accepted \"backstage\" by veteran WWF wrestlers and backstage personnel due to animosity over the fact that The Public Enemy chose WCW over the WWF when the two companies were pursuing the tag team in late 1995. Rocco Rock was also forced to change his name and go by the shortened name \"Flyboy\" Rocco, in order not to \"cause confusion\" with The Rock . They made their WWF debut on the February 22, 1999, episode of Raw is War , defeating The Brood by disqualification. In the two months they lasted in the WWF, their most notable appearance was losing a squash match against the Acolytes on Sunday Night Heat in Pittsburgh ; following a brief feud with the Acolytes and The Public Enemy's subsequent release, the Acolytes claimed that they \"ran The Public Enemy out\" of the WWF. They said they could do the same to another famous ECW tag team (the Dudley Boyz); after the Dudley Boyz succeeded in the feud, it was commonly referred to as \"Passing the Acolyte Test\" since the Dudley Boyz did get over after a feud with the APA while The Public Enemy failed. In 2013, John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield elaborated that much of the animosity was due to them being brought into the company by Terry Taylor , who had his own backstage issues with many of the wrestlers, including the Acolytes. They had also desired to change the planned finish of the squash match, which involved them being driven through tables by the Acolytes. The Acolytes were instructed only to ensure that they go through with the planned finish of the match, leading to the match to be turned into a legitimate shoot , with The Acolytes dominating Public Enemy for the entirety of the four-minute match. Public Enemy would wrestle a final time on March 30, 1999, in a match taped for Shotgun Saturday Night , losing to the Hardy Boys via disqualification. The match was aired on television on April 10, 1999. Shortly after airing, both members of Public Enemy were released in mid-April, along with \"Dr Death.\" Steve Williams (who main-evented that same episode), Bart Gunn , and LOD 2000 .The Public Enemy briefly returned to WCW after leaving the WWF, with both men involved in the WCW Hardcore Junkyard Invitational. They then made an appearance on the August 4, 1999, episode of WCW Thunder in a squash match loss against Bill Goldberg and again on August 9 in a losing effort against the West Texas Rednecks. Their final appearance came in a house show on August 18, and neither made an appearance in WCW again afterwards.The Public Enemy made one last appearance on ECW on TNN , which was their last exposure on mainstream television. The tag team made brief appearances on the independent scene after both WCW and ECW folded, appearing in ECW-nostalgia promotion Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling (3PW), along with various NWA territories. They also participated in the unaired tapings for the X Wrestling Federation promotion, under the name \"South Philly Posse\" and managed by Jasmin St. Claire . In the early 2000s, the Public Enemy performed for the short-lived i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling among other independent promotions. The team won various independent tag team titles.Their last match together was at Intergalactic Wrestling Federation defeating Itch Coma Weidler and The Bouncer in a steel cage match at the Illinois State Fair in Springfield, IL on August 12, 2002.Following the death of Rocco Rock in 2002, Grunge teamed with his \"brother\" Joey Grunge as The New Public Enemy throughout August 2003. He also made appearances with 3PW , and participated in a memorial segment for deceased ECW wrestlers at Hardcore Homecoming on June 10, 2005.On September 21, 2002, Ted Petty (\"Flyboy\" Rocco Rock) died after suffering a heart attack following a wrestling event. Johnny Grunge had been semi-retired for a few years after the XWF failed to get a TV deal. On February 16, 2006, Mike Durham (Johnny Grunge) died in his home after suffering from complications from sleep apnea . Durham's death was caused by heart disease and obesity, with the medical examiner also citing \" acute toxicity of carisoprodol and hydrocodone \" in the autopsy report. Durham evidently died in his sleep at the home of a friend with whom he'd been staying. Durham's widow has since become an advocate against drug abuse in the wrestling industry since the Chris Benoit double murder and suicide in 2007, when she realized her husband's prescriptions came from the same doctor as Chris Benoit 's. ", ["2_95"]] [20097, "Wordie Glacier ( Danish : Wordie Gletscher ) is a glacier in northeastern Greenland . It has its terminus on the east coast of the Greenland ice sheet . This glacier was named after Scottish polar explorer James Wordie (1890\u20131962) by the 1926\u201327 expedition led by Lauge Koch . The Wordie Glacier is quite large and several nunataks rise above it. It flows for about 80\u00a0km from the NW east of Stenoland and west of Payer Land . The glacier has several branches, including the Vibeke Glacier and the smaller Iris Glacier to the west, and the Granta Glacier that drains into the Granta Fjord to the east. Faraway How and C. H. Ostenfeld Nunatak are located in the Wordie Glacier. The terminus of the Wordie Glacier is north of the Norlund Alps , in the Wordie Bay , a small bay at the head of the Godthab Gulf , southwest of Clavering Island . The Jordan Hill, a conspicuous 1,410 m high promontory rises by the shore on the northern side of the terminus of the Wordie Glacier. About 40 kilometers to the NNE lies the Tyrolerfjord , the terminus of the Copeland Glacier (Pasterze Glacier). This article about a glacier in Greenland is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_97"]] [20098, "The Grand 1894 Opera House in Galveston, Texas is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theatre. The Romanesque Revival style Opera House is located at 2020 Post Office Street in Galveston's Historic Downtown Cultural Arts District. It was named \"The Official Opera House of Texas\" in 1993 by the 73rd Texas Legislature. It has a seating capacity of 1,040. In 1894, Henry Greenwall closed his Tremont Opera House at 23rd and Market Streets and raised money for the construction of a new opera house on Post Office Street. In 1894, Henry Greenwall (often spelled Greenwald) raised $100,000 for construction of The Grand Opera House and Hotel in Galveston . It opened on January 3, 1895 with a live performance of the play, The Daughters of Eve .The Grand has stood through notable hurricanes, including the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 , Galveston Hurricane of 1915 , Hurricane Carla , and Hurricane Ike . The Grand began as a major, live performing arts theatre but after passing through a Vaudeville phase, it slowly evolved into a movie house. The movie house closed in 1974 and was purchased the same year by the Galveston County Cultural Arts Council. They transformed the movie house back into a theatre and then renovated and restored it to its former beauty. The restoration included volunteer efforts and support from private foundations. The theatre was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as \"1894 Grand Opera House\" in 1974. The Galveston County Cultural Arts Council owned the Opera House until 1986, when it became a stand-alone organization known as 1894, Inc. Maureen M. Patton is The Grand's Executive Director, having served as Director under the Arts Council beginning in 1981. Hurricane Ike hit Galveston Island on September 13, 2008, but The Grand was reopened on January 3, 2009 on its 114th anniversary. All of the damage that the hurricane and the flood had caused was repaired with only 92 days of construction.The Grand also has been the presenter of several premieres: Red White & Tuna and Tuna Does Vegas , two of four comedic plays written and performed by Greater Tuna creators, Jaston Williams and Joe Sears; and ANN , a one-woman play about the life of Texas Governor Ann Richards, written and performed by Holland Taylor . The music video for the M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce song \" Without You \" was filmed at the Grand on January 15, 1990 after their stop in Houston the previous night.\"When it opened in 1895, the 70' x 37' x 69' stage was the largest in the state of Texas and one of the largest in the country... Even today, a stage whisper can be heard without a microphone, and no seat is more than 70 feet from the stage.\"The Grand has been through natural disasters, such as fires and hurricanes, as well as neglect during its time as a movie house. It has been rebuilt and remodeled more than once, such as during the devastating Galveston Hurricane of 1900 , when its rear wall and roof caved in.The front wall of the building is made of red stone, brick, and terra cotta; the large, glass doors are framed by a carved, Romanesque style stone arch. Inside, the glass box office sits in between the two sets of doors. The carpet is a historic pattern of colors found in the decorative curtain and stenciling of roses and scrolls on the ceiling and boxes. The floors are marble tile, and the walls are wainscot. The banisters and railings are of long leaf red-heart pine, like the wainscot. A large, bronze statue of a woman holding a torch stands on the newel post on The Grand staircase. Inside the theater auditorium, red, velvet curtains frame the stage and eight opera boxes. Blue velour lines the chairs. The stage curtain (originally painted by architect Frank Cox) is a replication of the original, depicting \u201cSappho and Companions\u201d.", ["2_98"]] [20105, "Jack David Laugher MBE ( / l \u0254\u02d0 / LOR ; born 30 January 1995) is a British diver competing for Great Britain and England. A specialist on springboard , he competes in individual springboard events, and in synchronised events with Chris Mears , Daniel Goodfellow and Anthony Harding . Laugher and Mears became Britain's first diving Olympic champions by winning a gold medal in the men's synchronised 3m springboard event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, an achievement many had expected double world 10m champion Tom Daley would achieve first. A week later, Laugher won a silver in the men's individual 3m springboard at the same Games, becoming the first British diver to win multiple Olympic diving medals at the same Games. Laugher was a double Commonwealth Games champion for England at the 2014 Games in Glasgow , a double champion again at the 2022 Games in Birmingham (in 1m springboard and 3m synchro on both occasions), and a triple champion (1 metre springboard, 3 metre springboard and 3 metre synchro) in the 2018 Games at the Gold Coast . He was the first British diver to win two medals at the same World Championships, the 2015 World Championships . In 2015, Laugher won the overall title in the FINA Diving World Series for 3-metre springboard. Laugher was born on 30 January 1995 in Harrogate , North Yorkshire to David and Jackie Laugher. He was educated at Ripon Grammar School , a co-educational state grammar school in Ripon , North Yorkshire. Laugher became interested in diving when he was seven during a family visit to Harrogate Hydro Swimming Pool and a lifeguard told him to go for diving lessons. He began to learn diving at the Harrogate and District Diving Club at the Hydro. He broke his upper arm when he was 14 during a trampolining competition, and had a metal plate inserted to hold his humerus bone together. Laugher has stated that his surname is pronounced 'Law'. Laugher won the one-metre and three-metre springboard titles at the 2010 European Junior Championships and the 2010 World Junior Championships. In September 2010, he competed at the World Junior Championships in Tucson, Arizona and won gold at both the 1m and 3m springboard events. In October that year, he represented England at the 2010 Commonwealth Games where he was partnered with Oliver Dingley in the synchro. Greg Louganis was reported as being impressed with Laugher's diving. In 2012 Laugher was selected for the Great Britain 2012 London Olympics team. On 6 August 2012, he competed in the Men's 3-metre springboard , but he failed to make it to the semi-final stage. In October 2012, Laugher became the Junior World champion again, winning the 3m springboard in Adelaide, Australia. He won the 3m Synchro competition with Tom Daley . Laugher first teamed up with Chris Mears in the 3-metre Springboard in 2013. In October 2013 he took on the role of Ambassador for the sport of VX . In July 2014, he won bronze in the 3m springboard at the World Cup held in Shanghai. Soon afterwards at the 2014 Commonwealth Games , he won the gold medal in the 1m springboard, then a second gold in the 3m synchro with Chris Mears. At the 2015 World Championship in Kazan , Russia, Laugher and Mears won bronze in the 3m springboard synchro, thus qualifying for the Rio Olympics. Laugher then won a second bronze in the individual 3m springboard, making him the first Briton to win two medals in a World Championships. In January 2016, Laugher suffered a foot injury while training. In May 2016, he won the 3m synchronised springboard at the European Championships in London with Mears, and a silver in the individual 3m springboard . At the 2016 Olympics, Laugher and Mears became the first ever diving gold medal winners for Great Britain in the men's synchronised 3-metre springboard. They scored 454.32, beating the American Sam Dorman and Michael Hixon (450.21) in silver medal position and the Chinese pair Qin Kai and Cao Yuan in bronze (443.70). Laugher also won silver medal in the individual 3-metre springboard. Laugher and Mears won three silvers in the 3m Synchro in four events of the Fina/NVC Diving World Series, two in China and one in Russia. However they finished out of the medal position in fourth at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships . At the 2018 Commonwealth Games held on the Gold Coast , Australia , Laugher successfully defended his title on the 1m springboard. The next day, he added another gold after winning the 3m springboard event, then followed it up with a third gold of the Games after winning the men's 3-metre synchronised springboard with Chris Mears. Earlier in the year, Mears and Laugher also won a silver in 3-metre synchro springboard at the 2018 FINA Diving World Cup held in Wuhan . He also won a bronze in individual 3m springboard at the same event. At the 2018 European Championships in Glasgow / Edinburgh , Laugher won gold in the men's 1 metre springboard . He won a second gold in the men's 3-metre springboard , and added a silver to this tally in the championships with a second place in the 3-metre synchro springboard with Chris Mears. He won a total of 5 international titles in 2018, for which he was honoured with European male diver of the year a second time by Ligue Europeenne de Natation (LEN). Jack Laugher partnered with Dan Goodfellow in men's synchronised 3m springboard since his regular partner Chris Mears had decided to take a break from competition and then retired. At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju , South Korea, he won silver with Goodfellow in the 3m synchronised . In his individual 3m springboard , after leading for much of the competition, he finished in the bronze position after an error in the final dive. At the 2021 FINA Diving World Cup held in Japan as an official test event for the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics , Laugher and Goodfellow won gold in synchronised 3m springboard . Laugher also won silver 11 days later in men's 1m springboard at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships . At the Tokyo Olympics, Laugher and Dan Goodfellow came 7th in the men's synchronised 3m springboard. He won the bronze medal in the individual 3m springboard. At the 2022 World Aquatics Championships held in Budapest, Laugher partnered with Anthony Harding for the first time in an international competition, and won silver in the synchro 3m springboard event. Laugher also won an individual silver in the men's 1 m springboard , and a bronze in the 3m springboard event. Laugher was selected for his fourth Olympics when he was named in the Great Britain squad for the 2024 Paris Olympics . Alongside Anthony Harding , he won bronze in the synchronised three metre springboard to claim his fourth Olympic medal. In the individual individual three metre springboard , Laugher finished seventh. Laugher started dating Lois Toulson in early 2017. Laugher is supportive of the LGBT community and said: \"I have quite a few gay friends, just from school and people I've met through diving and my journey. Everyone should feel comfortable to be gay and be who they are.\" During the Paris 2024 Olympics It was confirmed that Laugher along with other male members of the British diving team were posting pictures on the subscription-based online platform OnlyFans to make extra cash to make up for a perceived funding shortfall. His father Dave Laugher insisted to BBC News his son only posts \"safe content\" of himself 'in a pair of trunks' and there was nothing explicit in these posts. In 2017 Laugher won Diver of the Year at the British Swimming Awards. At the 2018 British Swimming Awards, he won both the Diving Athlete of the Year and the Overall Athlete of the Year. He was named European male diver of the year for 2016 by Ligue Europeenne de Natation (LEN), and again in 2018. Laugher, along with Mears, was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to diving. ", ["2_105"]] [20108, "Alberto de la Bella Madue\u00f1o (born 2 December 1985) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left-back . He spent the majority of his professional career with Real Sociedad , playing 218 competitive games for the club. Born in Santa Coloma de Gramenet , Barcelona , Catalonia , de la Bella started his career at local UDA Gramenet . Other than with this club, he only represented B teams in various parts of the country in four seasons, on loan and after being released (in 2008\u201309 , he played with Sevilla FC 's reserves in the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n , being relegated). In the summer of 2009, de la Bella signed with Real Sociedad in the same level, as a replacement for Athletic Bilbao -bound Xabi Castillo . He was also first choice during the league campaign , but achieved La Liga promotion this time, as champions. De la Bella made his debut in the Spanish top flight on 29 August 2010, featuring the full 90 minutes in a 1\u20130 home win against Villarreal CF . In early May 2014, he renewed his contract with the Txuriurdin until 2018. De la Bella played second-fiddle to Yuri Berchiche in 2015\u201316 , appearing in only 16 competitive games. On 5 July 2016, he was loaned to Olympiacos F.C. for two years. The following 23 April, he scored his only two goals of the season to help his team defeat PAS Giannina F.C. 5\u20130 and clinch their seventh consecutive Super League Greece title. On 27 July 2017, after being told he was not part of new manager Besnik Hasi 's plans, de la Bella decided to return to Real Sociedad. On 27 August 2018, after nine years at the Anoeta , he joined second-tier club UD Las Palmas on a two-year deal with an option for a third. On 10 September 2020, de la Bella was loaned to fellow second-division side FC Cartagena for the season . Having played over 20 games and avoided relegation, he was rewarded with a permanent contract for the following year. De la Bella announced his retirement from professional football on 17 May 2022, at the age of 36. Uncapped by Spain at any level, de la Bella was first called up to the unofficial Catalonia team in December 2010, for the Catalonia International Trophy against Honduras . He started in the 4\u20130 win at the Estadi Ol\u00edmpic Llu\u00eds Companys on 28 December. Real SociedadOlympiacos", ["2_108"]] [20110, "A Man to Remember is a 1938 American drama film directed by Garson Kanin , his first film credit as a director. The picture was based on the short story Failure , written by Katharine Haviland-Taylor, and the screenplay was penned by Dalton Trumbo . The story tells of a saintly small-town doctor working under difficult circumstances somewhere in the United States after World War I . The movie is a remake of One Man's Journey (1933) starring Lionel Barrymore . Under the grieving eyes of most of a town, the funeral procession of Doctor John Abbott passes a lawyer's office. The lawyer opens Abbott's strongbox for the deceased man's impatient creditors, local banker George Sykes, newspaper editor Jode Harkness and store owner Homer Ramsey. Flashbacks begin as they peruse Dr. Abbott's papers.Widowed, Dr. Abbott arrives in Westport with his son Dick after World War I . He borrows money in order to set up his medical practice. He delivers a healthy baby, Jean, but the mother dies. When her father does not want her, the doctor adopts the child.Later, Ramsey tries to collect what he is owed from Abbott, only to find that Abbott has a hefty $100 bill for him for a life-saving operation. When Ramsey complains about the amount, the good-natured doctor settles for a mere $2.As time goes on, Dr. Abbott seeks to convince the town leaders of the need for a hospital. Sykes, Harkness, and Ramsey refuse to consider it. However, when Sykes's son Howard accidentally shoots Jean in the arm, the doctor informs Sykes that he is required by law to report all gunshot wounds. Sykes is blackmailed into building the hospital and donating it to the town to avoid the legal problems. However, Dr. Abbott finds that Sykes has spitefully stipulated that only doctors who have had graduate studies within the last twenty years can register, and he is turned away.Meanwhile, Dick goes to Paris to train to become a doctor. When he graduates and returns to Westport, he tells his father that he is going into partnership with Dr. Robinson because he is more interested in making money than in helping people. This hurts the father deeply, but he never shares this with his son.When Abbott fears that an outbreak of infantile paralysis (polio) among the children is imminent, he tries to get an upcoming county fair canceled. However, Sykes and Ramsey refuse his request. They phone Jode Harkness to get him to refuse to publish Abbott's urgent warning. Undaunted, the doctor has handbills printed and distributed by some young boys. He and Jean then visit all the children in Westport. This is brought to the attention of the county medical association, which votes to suspend him. Dick defends his father and resigns in protest. Then, Abbott is proved right. An epidemic erupts everywhere...except Westport. The association reverses itself and elects him its president.Abbott is finally recognized for his humanitarian work by the community. His son sees the light and agrees to join Abbott's small medical practice. However, after Dick and Jean leave, he dies peacefully in his sleep. Returning to the present, Harkness, Sykes, and Ramsey finally acknowledge the goodness of the man who had been a thorn in their sides for so long.The film was based on a story called Failure which had been bought by RKO. Garson Kanin had been assigned to direct a Western but Dalton Trumbo told him about Failure . Kanin read it and became enthusiastic and asked Robert Sisk if he could do that story instead. The studio agreed, although Kanin had to use a mostly unknown cast and a budget of only $119,000. In April 2007, Turner Classic Movies (TCM) premiered six films produced by Merian C. Cooper at RKO which had been out of distribution for more than 50 years. (A retired RKO executive stated in an interview used as a promo on TCM for the premiere that Cooper did allow the films to be shown in 1955\u20131956 in a limited re-release and only in New York City .)According to TCM host Robert Osborne , Cooper agreed to a legal settlement in 1946, after accusing RKO of not giving him all the money due him from his producer's contract in the 1930s. The settlement gave Cooper complete ownership of six titles:When Turner Broadcasting bought the RKO film library in 1987, the six films were not included and the rights had to be purchased separately.The original copies of the film's negative were destroyed due to negligence. The only known surviving copy is a 35mm , original nitrate print with Dutch subtitles , which was restored by TCM.In 2000, it was preserved by the Netherlands Film Museum.The film was well received. In fact, it was named by The New York Times as one of the ten best films of 1938. Times film critic Frank S. Nugent wrote, \"Our admiration for A Man to Remember is so ungrudgingly complete...a picture of this one's competence so looms out of all proportion to its physical size.\" The film made a profit of $146,000. A Man to Remember was presented in a one-hour radio adaptation on Lux Radio Theatre on December 4, 1939, starring Bob Burns and Anita Louise , and on May 18, 1942, starring Anita Louise and Lionel Barrymore . It was also presented as a half-hour play on Philip Morris Playhouse on September 26, 1941. ", ["2_110"]] [20111, "Admiral Chabanenko is an Udaloy II-class anti-submarine destroyer of the Russian Navy . The destroyer was laid down in 1989, during the Soviet period , and was finished by Russia 10 years later, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . In 1999 she deployed with the Northern Fleet . The Admiral Chabanenko is the sole vessel of the Project 1155.1 design, a modified version of the Project 1155 design, also called Udaloy class. The design is also known as the Udaloy II class. The ship includes updated weapon systems like the SS-N-22 anti-ship missile and the \"Zvezda\" M-2 series sonar system. She is named after Admiral Andrei Chabanenko , commander of the Northern Fleet between 1952 and 1962. In 2008 the Admiral Chabanenko became the first Russian warship to sail through the Panama Canal since World War II, while participating in joint exercises with the Venezuelan Navy . In late 2009 she and the Black Sea Fleet 's rescue tug Shakhter deployed off the Horn of Africa , as part of the anti-piracy measures off the Somali coast . Both vessels then sailed to Norfolk Naval Base to participate in FRUKUS 2011, a series of joint exercises between the Russian, French , British and US navies , held between 23 and 30 June 2011. In December 2013 Admiral Chabanenko docked at the 35th ship repair plant in Murmansk to undergo the overhaul of her engines. The repairs were expanded in August 2017 into a more thorough overhaul and refit of the ship, expected to be completed in December 2019. However, it was later confirmed that the ship still remained in refit as of 2020. In September 2023, it was reported that Admiral Chabanenko would return to service in 2025 at the earliest. ", ["2_111"]] [20112, "The Argentario Aquarium also called Acquario mediterraneo della Costa d'Argento is a mediterranean public aquarium in Italy . It is located in Monte Argentario on the frazione of Porto Santo Stefano . It was inaugurated in 2001. 42\u00b026\u203218\u2033N 11\u00b007\u203211\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 42.4382\u00b0N 11.1197\u00b0E \ufeff / 42.4382; 11.1197This article about a museum in Italy is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_112"]] [20113, "Modanath Prasrit , also Modnath Prasrit ( Nepali : \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 ; born 20 June 1942) is a Nepali writer, politician and political activist. A long time member of the Nepali communist movement, he became the Minister of Education in 2054 BS (A.D. none). His writings reflect his communist ideology. His book Devasur Sangram ( Translation : War between Gods and Demons ) is particularly noted for its challenge to Hindu orthodoxy. Prasrit was born Modanath Paudel on 20 June 1942, in Khidim, Arghakhanchi, to Ghanashyam Paudel and Balikadevi. He has Master's degree in Nepali language and a title of 'Acharya' in Ayurvedic Medicine. He was awarded the Madan Puraskar for Nepali literature in 2023 B.S. (1966\u201367 A.D.) for the epic Maanav . He has continued to publish a prolific list of works in literature and socio-political commentary since then. Prasrit was an important intellectual figure in the Nepali struggle for Democracy during the Panchayat rule.Modanath Prasrit is generally considered a \" progressive \" writer, although some within the movement claim he has joined the \"reactionary\" camp in recent years. He has surprised many with his stance for reinstating Nepal as a Hindu nation, reverting secularism, while also opining that there was no justification for a Hindu state in the first place. He has also shown a soft spot for traditional Hindu poets like Bhanubhakta Acharya He has published a total of 2 epic poems, 2 long poems and 235 poems and songs in total. In addition, he regularly contributes his social, cultural and political commentary on newspapers, magazines, talk shows and conferences. In 2014, he was awarded the Ujjwal Kirtimaya Rashtradeep (second class), a national honour, by a cabinet decision, for his contributions to society. ", ["2_113"]] [20115, "Henriette Engel Hansen (born 15 April 1982) is a world champion Danish canoe sprinter and marathon canoeist . She and team-mate Emma Aastrand J\u00f8rgensen won the K-2 1000 m title at the 2014 World Championships . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she was eliminated in the K-1 500 m semifinals. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she was eliminated in the K-1 200 m semifinals and placed seventh in the K-1 500 m event. At the 2016 Olympics she competed in the K-1 200 m and K-4 500 m and placed sixth in the latter event. This article about a Danish canoeist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_115"]] [20117, "Renata Ohanesian or Oganesian ( Ukrainian : \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u044f\u043d , born 2 March 2001) is a Ukrainian pair skater . With former partner Mark Bardei , she has won three ISU Junior Grand Prix medals, including gold at 2015 JGP Latvia , and two Ukrainian senior national titles. Ohanesian began skating in 2004. She and Mark Bardei made their international debut in March 2012 at the International Challenge Cup , placing fifth in junior pairs.In the 2014\u201315 season , Ohanesian/Bardei won the junior gold medal at the Lombardia Trophy in September 2014. The following week, they competed at their first ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) assignment, placing second in the short program, eighth in the free skate, and fifth overall at the event in Tallinn , Estonia . In October, they took the bronze medal at a JGP event in Zagreb , Croatia , having climbed from seventh place after the short program.Ohanesian/Bardei won both the senior and junior national titles and were selected to represent Ukraine at the World Junior Championships in March 2015 in Tallinn. After placing 12th in the short program, they withdrew from the competition due to Bardei's illness. Ohanesian/Bardei's first assignment of the 2015\u201316 JGP series took place in late August in Riga , Latvia. Ranked first in the short and second in the free, they won the gold medal ahead of Russian pairs Anastasia Poluianova / Stepan Korotkov and Ekaterina Borisova / Dmitry Sopot . In September, they took bronze at the JGP in Linz , Austria, having ranked third in both segments, and qualified for the JGP Final . They placed fifth at the latter event, which was held in December in Barcelona , Spain.Ohanesian/Bardei repeated as national champions on both the senior and junior levels. Their training was limited in January 2016 due to problems with the ice at their rink in Dnipropetrovsk. At the 2016 World Junior Championships in Debrecen , Hungary, the pair won a small bronze medal for the short program and finished fourth overall.During the 2016\u201317 ISU Junior Grand Prix , Ohanesian/Bardei finished 6th in Tallinn and 10th in Dresden . Making their senior international debut, they placed 10th at the 2016 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb in December. They withdrew from the 2017 European Championships after Ohanesian was diagnosed with a cardiovascular health problem. In April 2017, the Ukrainian Figure Skating Federation stated that their partnership had ended. (with Bardei)CS: Challenger Series ; JGP: Junior Grand PrixWith BardeiMedia related to Renata Ohanesian at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_117"]] [20118, "Robert Roth (born 1966) is a songwriter, vocalist and guitarist of 1990s Sub Pop and Capitol Records band Truly . The band reunited with all original members to play in shows in Seattle , London and Azkena Rock Festival 2008 alongside Ray Davies , the Sex Pistols , Dinosaur Jr . and the Sonics . Roth received much international critical acclaim [ citation needed ] for his 2004 solo debut Someone Somewhere... . Throughout the nineties he had an ongoing collaboration with poet rocker Jim Carroll , resulting in two songs on Carroll's Pools of Mercury and Carroll's EP Runaway . Roth also collaborated on Carroll's Kill Rock Stars in 2000, which coincided with a sold-out show at the Seattle Opera House . Their song \"Falling Down Laughing\" was added to the soundtrack to the 2008 film Obscene alongside Bob Dylan , the Doors and Patti Smith . Roth also played Mellotron on Built to Spill's Perfect from Now On . Roth is working on the first new Truly record in over ten years [ when? ] as well as new solo material and continues to play live shows with Truly, his solo band as well as alone on acoustic guitar and piano. [ citation needed ]", ["2_118"]] [20119, "Hollis Byron Stephens (born November 30, 1932) was the third Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard , serving as the enlisted advisor to the Commandant of the Coast Guard from 1977 to 1981. He was born in Georgia . Stephens enlisted in the United States Coast Guard on January 17, 1950, and after boot training was assigned to the Coast Guard Station at Grand Haven, Michigan , where he subsequently advanced from seaman apprentice to boatswain's mate second class. From August to November 1954, he served as coxswain on search and rescue missions out of Port Aransas Lifeboat Station. He next served two years aboard USCGC Triton . From 1956 to 1958 he was assigned as officer-in-charge of the Light Attendant Station, Panama City, Florida , and Point Aufer Light Station, Louisiana. Next he served on board the 83' patrol cutter at Panama City, where he was advanced to chief boatswain's mate. He returned to Port Aransas where he served various jobs including: lifeboat station, group office, and officer-in-charge of both USCGC Myrtle and the 82' patrol cutter. From 1962 to 1965 he served as an instructor of recruits at the Coast Guard Training Center Cape May , New Jersey. That was followed by two years at Loran Station Kolca, Kauai , Hawaii . In 1967 he was transferred to Detroit, Michigan where he served aboard USCGC Bramble and later as officer-in-charge of the recruiting station at Detroit. From June 1970 to July 1971, he was assigned to port security and waterways detail and as a liaison between U.S. Army transportation units and Coast Guard explosive loading detachments in the Republic of South Vietnam . After returning to the United States, he returned to Detroit where he served at the group office until 1974. Stephens was assigned as executive petty officer and training officer of the presidential support detail at Miami Beach, Florida . His next assignment was stationed at Coast Guard Base Miami, Florida. On August 1, 1977, Master Chief Stephens was selected to become the third Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard. Stephens' awards include the Bronze Star Medal, Coast Guard Commendation Medal, Coast Guard Achievement Medal, Combat Action, Coast Guard Good Conduct with Silver Star, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation, Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Unit Citation, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, Expert Rifle Medal, Expert Pistol Medal. He also has the Cutterman Insignia and the Coxswain Insignia. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government", ["2_119"]] [20120, "The Stokes County Courthouse in Danbury, North Carolina , United States was designed by Wheeler & Runge in Classical Revival and Beaux Arts styles. It was built in 1904. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The listing included three contributing buildings on 3.1 acres (1.3\u00a0ha). This article about a property in Stokes County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_120"]] [20122, "Justin Sorensen (born June 8, 1986) is a Canadian former professional football offensive lineman who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the BC Lions in the first round of the 2008 CFL Draft and spent two years with the team before joining the Winnipeg Blue Bombers . After two seasons with the Blue Bombers, he signed as a free agent with the Edmonton Eskimos on February 11, 2014. He earned his first Grey Cup championship as a member of the 103rd Grey Cup champion Eskimos, starting at centre in both the West Final and Grey Cup. He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks . Sorensen attended Ballenas Secondary School , where he was co-team captain for the Ballenas Whalers football team. Justin was widely regarded as the top offensive lineman in BC High School Football and received heavy NCAA D1 interest. Justin was a two-way starter as the top offensive tackle in the league and a solid defensive lineman.This biographical article relating to a Canadian football offensive lineman is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_122"]] [20124, "The Madam Brett Homestead is an early-18th-century home located in the city of Beacon , New York , United States. It is the oldest standing building in southern Dutchess County and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 1976. It is also listed on the NYS Independence Trail. Catheryna Rombout Brett (1687\u20131764) was the daughter of Helena Teller Bogardus Van Ball Rombout and Francis Rombout . Helena Teller was the daughter of William Teller, of Albany, one of the original patent holders of the area around Schenectady. Francis Rombout served as a lieutenant during Stuyvesants ' expedition against New Sweden. In partnership with Gulyne Verplank , Rombout became a successful merchant fur-trader, and in 1679, Mayor of New York. In 1683, Rombout and Verplanck purchased about 85,000 acres (34,000\u00a0ha) from the Wappinger native Indians. The purchased was confirmed October 17, 1685, as the royal Rombout Patent issued by King James II to Francis Rombout, Jacobus Kipp (who married the widowed Henrica Verplank) and Stephanus Van Courtland. The original document is on display at the Homestead. Francis Rombout died in 1691, leaving his estate to his only surviving heir, Catheryna.In November 1703, at the age of sixteen, Catheryna Rombout married Roger Brett, who had arrived in the New World with Lord Cornbury , governor of New York. Brett was a well-respected lieutenant in the British Royal Navy . After their marriage, the Bretts moved into the Rombout family home, which consisted of a large house and spacious grounds on lower Broadway, not far from the present site of Trinity Church on Broadway. Roger Brett was a vestryman of Trinity Church from 1703 to 1706.About 1708, the Rombout Patent was partitioned: the Van Cortlandt family was allotted substantially all the land lying along both banks of what was called Wappinger Creek ; the middle portion fell to the heirs of Gulian Verplanck, and the lower part along Fishkill, fell to the Bretts. Catheryna inherited around 28,000 acres (11,000\u00a0ha). The homestead, which during the 19th century was referred to as the \"Teller House\", is now named for Catheryna Rombout Brett, who was the first to develop the patent by selling property. After the death of Catheryna's mother, the couple mortgaged the manor house in New York and moved to the wilderness of southern Dutchess County. The home was built around 1709 or shortly thereafter. Roger Brett drowned in the Hudson River, leaving Catheryna a widow at age 31 with the surviving three of her four sons. The homestead is notable as the residence of this woman who as a widow organized with twenty-one men the first produce cooperative in the Hudson River highlands. The homestead was subsequently occupied by her descendants until 1954, spanning a total of seven generations.During the American Revolutionary War , the homestead remained in the family by Madam Brett's granddaughter Hanna Brett Schenck and husband Major Henry Schenck and the building was used for shelter and as a storage facility by the Americans. Revolutionary leaders such as George Washington , the Marquis de La Fayette , and Baron von Steuben are said to have been guests in the house. In 1800, Catheryna Rombout Brett's great-granddaughter Alice Schenck Teller purchased the house from her widowed mother and together with her husband Isaac Teller remodeled it. After Isaac's death the house opened as a boarding house and \"Teller's Villa\" was advertised in New York City during the Cholera epidemic. John Pintard, the founding-father of the New York Historical Society, wrote to his daughter of his stay there during the summer of 1833. It was called the \"Teller Mansion\" because so many members of the Teller family were involved in politics, and after one hundred years the fifth generation were of the Teller name. Teller Avenue in Beacon, New York, was the cow path to the family barns. Catheryna Brett sold nearly a third of her inheritance before her death. The property now consists of nearly six acres (2.4\u00a0ha) of Madam Brett's original inheritance and features a garden, woodlands, and a meandering brook with a New York Big Tree. The homestead's notable features include hand-hewn scalloped cedar shingles, sloped dormers, Dutch doors, and a native stone foundation. Original furnishings include a significant collection of China-trade porcelain and many fine pieces of 18th- and 19th-century furniture. Also noteworthy are the wide-board floors, hand-hewn beams, and the large hearth of the kitchen fireplace. In 1954, the building was considered for demolition to make room for a supermarket. Instead, it was purchased by the Melzingah Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and turned into a museum preserving a total of seventeen rooms.The Madam Brett Homestead is located near Fishkill Creek, at 50 Van Nydeck Avenue, Beacon, New York 12508.Madam Brett Park's 12 acres (4.9\u00a0ha) hug Fishkill Creek , which played a prominent role in Beacon's development. Along it stood a gristmill owned by the park's namesake \u2013 Catheryna Rombout Brett (1687\u20131764), with her husband Roger the first European settlers in the present-day city. The mill was an important gathering place for farmers and Native Americans inhabiting both shores of the Hudson River hereabouts. In the 1800s, the creek powered a profusion of hat factories (including the Tioronda Hat Works, located in the brick building adjacent to the park), which earned Beacon the nickname \"New York's Hat-Making Capital.\"Fishkill Marsh supports a variety of wildlife. It furnishes a home for amphibians and aquatic mammals, including muskrats; serves as a hunting ground for ospreys, bald eagles and other raptors; and is a stopover for migratory birds. A boardwalk and observation platforms afford up-close discoveries of these and other creatures. A waterfall at the park's eastern end is impressive in spring or after heavy rains. ", ["2_124"]] [20125, "The Fara (911 m) is a mountain in the Grampian Mountains , Scotland, on the shore of Loch Ericht near the village of Dalwhinnie . A large and bulky mountain, it rises high above Loch Ericht, and has a summit ridge that stretches for several miles from north to south. The mountain is fairly easy to climb and makes for an excellent vantage point. The Fara just misses out on Munro status, by a height of only three metres.This Europe mountain, mountain range, or peak related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Scottish location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_125"]] [20126, "Bryan Josh (born 1967) is a multi-instrumentalist who is the founder of British progressive rock band Mostly Autumn . While primarily being the band's co-lead singer (previously with Heidi Widdop and Heather Findlay, and presently with Olivia Sparnenn) and lead guitarist, he has performed on many other instruments in the studio, which include the bass guitar, piano and keyboards. He, either alone or with other members of the band, has written a large percentage of the band's back catalogue. He also contributed to Mostly Autumn keyboardist Iain Jennings' solo album Breathing Space where he played two guitar solos. In November 2008, he released his first solo album Through These Eyes on Mostly Autumn Records. This features Mostly Autumn members Olivia Sparnenn and Gavin Griffiths, ex-Mostly Autumn member Henry Bourne and other guest musicians.In 2009 he guested with Breathing Space , playing live with them. His position in the band was only temporary as they searched for a permanent replacement. Towards the end of the year he also played three live dates showcasing the material from Through These Eyes . He was joined by Olivia Sparnenn (vocals/percussion), Chris Johnson (guitar/keyboards/vocals), Iain Jennings (keyboards), Patrick Berry (bass guitars) and Gavin Griffiths (drums). On 4 April 2010, Josh played his final concert as lead guitarist of Breathing Space .On 21 June 2013 Josh married Mostly Autumn vocalist Olivia Sparnenn, and on 31 March 2017 they revealed that Sparnenn was pregnant with their first child. This UK musical biography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_126"]] [20127, "Jacob Wukie (born May 11, 1986, in Massillon, Ohio ) is an American archer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed for his country in the Men's team event and the men's individual event . He won a silver Olympic medal along with his teammates Brady Ellison and Jake Kaminski . At the individual event of the 2012 Summer Olympics, Wukie finished 12th in the ranking round, before eliminating Jayanta Talukdar in the first round. He was himself then knocked out by B\u00e5rd Nesteng . He qualified to represent the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics . Wukie, a devout Christian, is one of four children of John and Patty Wukie. Wukie attended James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia . He married Brianne Pinkerton on December 1, 2012. ", ["2_127"]] [20128, "Keng No Mai Sai Yanang (Bamboo soup and yanang leaf extract ) ( Lao : \u0ec1\u0e81\u0e87\u0eab\u0e99\u0ecd\u0ec8\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9\u0ec3\u0eaa\u0ec8\u0ea2\u0eb2\u0e99\u0eb2\u0e87)) also known as Gaeng Nor Mai , Gaeng Naw Mai , Gaeng Nomai , Kaeng No Mai , Kaeng Nomai , Kaeng Lao or Lao bamboo soup is a popular and traditional soup from Laos . The traditional recipe for keng no mai served to Laotian royalties can be found in a collection of hand written recipes from Phia Sing (1898-1967), the king's personal chef and master of ceremonies. Phia Sing's hand written recipes were complied and published for the first time in 1981. The dish can also be found among the Lao ethnic region of Northeastern Thailand ( Isan ). Keng no mai is made by cooking bamboo shoot , mushrooms (oysters, straw, and wood ears), okra, angled gourd, pumpkin, juices (or extract) obtained from the yanang leaves, and padaek in pork, chicken or beef broth. The soup is thicken with crushed up sticky rice flour. According to personal tastes, quail eggs, eggplant, climbing wattle , and kajeng (or rice paddy herb) are also added to the soup.This article about Laotian cuisine is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This soup -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_128"]] [20129, "Carthaginian was a three-masted barque outfitted as a whaler that served both as a movie prop and a museum ship in Hawaii . Laid down and launched in Denmark in 1921 as the three-masted schooner Wandia , she was converted in 1964\u20131965 into a typical square-rigged 19th-century whaler for the filming of the 1966 movie Hawaii . Afterward, she was moored in the harbor of the former whaling port-of-call of Lahaina on the Hawaiian island of Maui , explaining the whaling industry in the Hawaiian islands. Carthaginian was lost in 1972 when she ran aground just outside the harbor on her way to drydock maintenance on Oahu and was replaced as a whaling museum by Carthaginian II in 1980. The vessel that last sailed, and gained fame, as Carthaginian was built in 1921 in Denmark as the three-masted schooner Wandia . She hauled cargo in the Baltic Sea for owner Captain Petersen for 30 years. After a few more fishing commercially out of Iceland , she was purchased and taken to Central America as a general cargo ship. Unsuccessful there, she was scheduled to take part in the inaugural Operation Sail procession in New York Harbor in July 1964, sailing under a Panamanian flag. Instead, she was purchased by R. Tucker Thompson in November 1964 after an inspection in Acapulco . She was delivered to San Diego later that year. After advertising her availability, Thompson sold the ship to the Mirisch Company , a Hollywood production company, which was filming Hawaii . Thompson held an option to be the first to repurchase the ship after filming was completed. Under Mirisch it was outfitted in the Southern California port of San Pedro as a barque , square-rigged on its main and fore masts and fore and aft rigged on its mizzen, to resemble a 19th-century whaler for scenes in the 1966 film Hawaii . The cost of the refit was US$150,000, performed under the supervision of vintage sailing ship experts Alan Villiers , [ a ] Ken Reynard, [ b ] Karl Kortum, [ c ] and Bill Bartz, [ d ] who then sailed the ship to Hawaii with Villiers as captain and Reynard as mate. Upon its arrival, it was renamed Carthaginian for the ship of that name in the 1959 novel Hawaii by James A. Michener , on which the 1966 film was based. After filming was complete in November 1965 Thompson re-purchased Carthaginian and set off for California, calling at Lahaina along the way. Following this, Larry Windley, director of the non-profit \"Lahaina Restoration Foundation\" (LRF), convinced its members to make an offer to purchase the ship as a tourist attraction harking back to Lahaina's time as a whaling port. When the ship next made land in Hilo on the Big Island of Hawaii, LRF representatives met her and approached Thompson. He agreed to a postponed consummation of the deal, continuing on first to California, where stops included Sausalito , before embarking on a five month sail to Tahiti.After advertising for 20 working crew (who would each pay US$1500 for the privilege), the ship sailed from San Diego on August 4, 1966, and returned to Lahaina in January 1967. There it was converted into a whaling ship museum and tourist attraction, with Thompson serving as captain and curator. Thompson left in 1968, and LRF declared it would be maintained as a working vessel, making an annual trip to dry dock on Oahu under a volunteer crew. Carthaginian was featured in several scenes of the sequel to Hawaii , The Hawaiians (1970), captained by Whip Hoxworth, played by Charlton Heston . Carthaginian ran aground on the Lahaina Reef on April 2, 1972, while sailing to dry dock at Oahu. The wreck was stripped in place of its masts, rigging, exhibits, and figurehead, then pieced and barged to a dump in Olowalu . Another ex-Baltic Sea cargo schooner was acquired to replace it in 1973, later renamed Carthaginian II . 20\u00b052\u203216\u2033N 156\u00b040\u203243\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 20.8712\u00b0N 156.6786\u00b0W \ufeff / 20.8712; -156.6786", ["2_129"]] [20131, "The Hadsel Bridge ( Norwegian : Hadselbrua ) is a cantilever road bridge in Hadsel Municipality in Nordland county, Norway . The bridge carries Norwegian County Road 82 and it crosses the Lang\u00f8ysundet strait between the islands of Lang\u00f8ya and B\u00f8r\u00f8ya . Together with the B\u00f8r\u00f8y Bridge it connects the island of Hadsel\u00f8ya and the town of Stokmarknes to the neighboring island of Lang\u00f8ya . The Hadsel Bridge is 1,011 metres (3,317\u00a0ft) long, the main span is 150 metres (490\u00a0ft), and the maximum clearance to the sea is 30 metres (98\u00a0ft). The bridge has a total of 27 spans. The Hadsel Bridge was opened in 1978. It was one of 4 bridges that were built in the 1970s to connect the islands of Vester\u00e5len to each other. The other bridges that were built during that period are the Sortland Bridge , And\u00f8y Bridge , and Kvalsaukan Bridge . Together with the Tjeldsund Bridge near the town of Harstad , these bridges connect the islands of Vester\u00e5len to the mainland.Before the bridge was built, a ferry carried passengers across the sound between Sandnes on Lang\u00f8ya and the town of Stokmarknes on Hadsel\u00f8ya. When the bridge was first opened, it was a toll bridge , but it is not anymore.This article about a bridge in Norway is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_131"]] [20132, "Philip Andrew Gartside (April 1952 \u2013 10 February 2016) was an English businessman. He was born in Leigh , Lancashire . Gartside was chairman of Bolton Wanderers Football Club from 1999 through 2015. Gartside died in Cheshire from cancer on 10 February 2016. He was aged 63. ", ["2_132"]] [20143, "His Majesty's Royal Chapel of the Mohawks in Brantford , Ontario is the oldest surviving church building in Ontario and was the first Anglican church in Upper Canada . It is one of only three Chapels Royal in Canada. In 1981, the chapel was designated a National Historic Site of Canada . Constructed in 1785 by the British Crown, the chapel was given to the Mohawk people led by Joseph Brant for their support of the Crown during the American Revolution . They had migrated to Canada after Britain lost the Thirteen Colonies and were awarded land for resettlement. Originally called St. Paul's , the church is commonly referred to as the Mohawk Chapel . It is part of the Anglican Diocese of Huron and has a chaplain appointed by the Bishop of Huron, in consultation with the congregation.In 1850, the remains of Joseph Brant were moved from the original burial site in Burlington to a tomb at the Mohawk Chapel. His son, John Brant, was also interred in the tomb. Next to Brant's tomb is a boulder memorializing the writer Pauline Johnson , who was born in the nearby Six Nations Reserve and attended services in the chapel.In 1904, it was designated as a Chapel Royal by King Edward VII . Architecturally, the chapel is a simple building with a rectangular floor plan; it is constructed of a wood frame faced with painted clapboards. It has been renovated several times. In November 2001, it suffered minor damage during two failed arson attempts.Originally, the entrance faced east to the canoe landing site on the bank of the Grand River , the transportation route. Eight stained glass windows, installed between 1959 and 1962, depict events from the history of the Six Nations of the Iroquois .1786 to 1827 (the first missionaries - no resident clergy): 1827 to present (chapel incumbents - resident clergy): 43\u00b007\u203228\u2033N 80\u00b014\u203206\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 43.124432\u00b0N 80.235\u00b0W \ufeff / 43.124432; -80.235", ["2_143"]] [20144, "Colonel Prince Yi Geon (October 28, 1909 \u2013 December 21, 1990), also Ri Ken and Kenichi Momoyama ( \u6843\u5c71 \u8654\u4e00 , Momoyama Ken'ichi ) , was a Korean prince and a cavalry officer in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . The first son of Prince Yi Kang of Korea by Lady Jeong, he was a grandson of Emperor Gwangmu . His Korean name was Yi Geon ( \uc774\uac74 , \u674e\u9375 ), and his birth name was Yong-gil ( \uc6a9\uae38 ). Yi Geon was born on October 28, 1909, at Sadong Palace in Gwaninbang, central Hanseong . He was the eldest, illegitimate, son of Yi Kang, Prince Uihwa with Lady Jeong of Sugwandang Hall. His mother was one of the many concubines his father had a relation with.His birth name was Yong-gil ( \uc6a9\uae38 ; \u52c7\u5409 ), but he changed his name to Geon ( \uac74 ; \u9375 ) on March 17, 1924.According to the decree of Emperor Meiji promulgated at the time of the annexation of Korea in 1910, only eight people: Yi Hui, Gojong of Korea , Yi Cheok, Sunjong of Korea , Yun Jeung-sun, Empress Sunjeong , Yi Eun, King Yeongchin , Yi Kang, King Uichin , Kim Suk, Queen Uichin , Yi Jae-myeon, King Heungchin , and Queen Heungchin; were granted a new status as royal family members. The remaining members of the royal family were also granted a new status, but not grand as their relatives and it was not officially included in the decree.He graduated from Gyeongseong Kindergarten in June 1916 and entered Ilchul Elementary School on April 6, 1917. That same year Yi Geon\u2019s younger half-brother, Yi Woo , was adopted by Yi Jun-yong in 1917, followed by a few adoptions of his half siblings, and inherited the throne. Which created a situation where the younger brother was a part of the royal family but the older brother was not.He was brought to Japan in 1918, and entered Gakush\u016bin Primary School . Another source says that in 1921, Yi Geon was sent to Japan under the pretext of studying abroad and entered the elementary school where he graduated from the school in March 1923. Yi Geon was arbitrarily given the title of 'Confucius' ( \uacf5\uc790 ; \u516c\u5b50 ) after studying in Japan. He was soon officially recognized as a member of the royal family only after the \"Wang Gongga Gwebeom\" ( \uc655\uacf5\uac00\uada4\ubc94 ; \u738b\u516c\u5bb6\u8ecc\u7bc4 ) was promulgated in 1926. He was given the honorific title \u2018Your Majesty\u2019 ( \uc804\ud558 ; \u6bbf\u4e0b ), which was only used for him.In April of the same year, he entered the Army Youth School. According to Article 59 of the \u300aWanggonggawebeom\u300b (\u738b\u516c\u5bb6\u8ecc\u7bc4), which was enacted and promulgated as Japanese Imperial Ordinance No. 17, on December 1, 1926, to regulate the imperial family of the Korean Empire after the annexation. It stated that it was mandatory for the king, crown prince, prince royal, and the duke to be commissioned as military attach\u00e9s in the army or navy after reaching the age of 18.Yi Geon entered the art department as a member of the 42nd class of the Japanese Military Academy.His half-uncle, Yunghui of Korea , also died on April 25, 1926, as the last \u201cemperor\u201d of Korea. He was then enlisted to be Jongcheok jibsa ( \uc885\ucc99\uc9d1\uc0ac ; \u5b97\u621a\u57f7\u4e8b ) and led the funeral ceremony. On May 5, he was permanently appointed the rank.On June 12, 1930, his father, Yi Kang, went into seclusion and inherited the throne, becoming the new owner of Sadong Palace and was now being called \u2018His Highness, the Duke\u2019 ( \uacf5 \uc804\ud558 ).Yi Geon graduated the academy in July 1930.He married Yoshiko Matsudaira, a maternal cousin of Princess Masako of Nashimoto and member of the Matsudaira clan , on October 5, 1931, in Tokyo . Yoshiko was a half-sister to Count Tadamitsu Hirohashi, a relative on her mother's side, and changed her name to Seiko Hirohashi. After she married Yi Geon, she was called Duchess Consort of Yi Geon, Yi Seiko ( \uc774\uac74\uacf5\ube44 \uc774\uc138\uc774\ucf54 ; \u674e\u8aa0\u5b50 ).Their marriage raises a few questions or curiosities due to the differences in personalities; Seiko was sociable, while Geon had a quiet personality. But they eventually had two sons and a daughter.On October 25, he was commissioned in the Imperial Japanese Army as a second lieutenant of cavalry, and was assigned to the Guards Cavalry Regiment.Yi Geon was promoted to Lieutenant in 1932 and graduated from the Army Cavalry School in July 1933 where he was later promoted to cavalry lieutenant in August that same year.He was soon appointed as an instructor at the Military Academy on March 15, 1935, and promoted to Captain on August 1, 1936. That same year on Deception 17th, Yi Geon entered the Japanese Army University as its 51st student. On December 28, in connection with his admission to the University, Yi was transferred from being a horse riding instructor at the Military Academy to a member of the Guard Cavalry Regiment once again.Yi later graduated from the University on December 8, 1938. From the university, besides Yi Geon, the only Koreans to have graduated there during the Japanese colonial period were Yi Eun, Yi Woo, and Hong Sa-ik. Two days later, he was appointed as company commander of the Guards Cavalry Regiment.A year later, on September 13, 1939, he was transferred to the Military University Research Department as an instructor of horsemanship and military instructor for the Imperial Military Academy. He received further promotions to Major on August 1, 1940, and to Lieutenant-Colonel on March 1, 1943.Unknowing that it would be last time, Yi Geon was again transferred to the Military University Research Department on May 15, 1944.With the end of World War II in 1945, he concluded his military career with the rank of Colonel.After World War II , he was not allowed to go back to Korea. After he lost royal status by order of the SCAP in October 1947, he became a commoner and was naturalized as a Japanese citizen in 1950. Then he changed his name to Kenichi Momoyama. This also led to his wife and children to changing their names. His wife Seiko changed her\u2019s to Yoshiko and his children changed their\u2019s to Tadahisa, Kinya, and Akiko.In a blood test, Momoyama discovered that he was not the biological father of his eldest son, Yi Chung, to which he believed that Yoshiko committed adultery back in 1932 when he was out working under the Japanese army. During the war, the couple had a disagreement over Seiko's employment at a Ginza club.Yi Geon suspected that her choice of employment would be trouble as Matsudaira worked at a Ginza club and was prone to be \u201ctoo social\u201d with the clients there. He eventually divorced Yoshiko in May 1951 and only claimed the custody of his second son, Yi Gi and daughter, Yi Ok-ja.During his divorce process, Momoyama met Yoshiko Maeda ( \u524d\u7530\u7f8e\u5b50 , Maeda Yoshiko ) and married her in 1952 where they had a son, Momoyama Koya, that same year. His second wife later adopted his daughter and son, but his son was soon adopted again to become the adoptive son of Maeda\u2019s father, Maeda Fujiyoshi (\u524d\u7530\u85e4\u5409), to continue the Maeda clan.Yi Geon and his family lived in a rented municipal house in Yono City, Saitama Prefecture . Before the war, he was famous as a sports car enthusiast and owned many vehicles, including the British sports car Alvis speed 20 and the American Pierce-Arrow large limousine. This led him to serve as president of the Classic Car Club of Japan (CCJC) from the 1970s until his death.Years later, his second son Momoyama Koya (\u6843\u5c71\u5b5d\u54c9) served as vice principal of Kaisei Gakuin School.In December 21, 1990, he died in Japan. A funeral was held under the supervision of the Japanese imperial family and acquaintances. An old military classmate and Japanese imperial family member Prince Mikasa came all the way to Urawa City to attend the funeral.After the death of Yi Gu , Yi Geon\u2019s half-nephew, in 2005, who was the Crown Prince of Changdeok Palace , the King Yeongchin royal line was cut off, and the question of who would succeed him arose. According to the law of primogeniture succession, the heir of Yi Geon, the eldest son of King Uichin, King Yeongchin's older brother, is the heir through the natural lineage. However, in the case of Yi Geon, he was naturalized as a Japanese citizen and was now of mixed blood with Japan, so there could be problems with legitimacy.", ["2_144"]] [20148, "Cerignola Campagna ( Italian : Stazione di Cerignola Campagna ), sometimes shortened as Cerignola, is a railway station in the Italian town of Cerignola , in the Province of Foggia , Apulia . The station lies on the Adriatic Railway (Ancona\u2013Lecce) . The train services are operated by Trenitalia . The station is served by the following service(s):This article is based upon a translation of the Italian language version as at June 2014.This article about an Italian railway station is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_148"]] [20157, "Mont des Alouettes is a hill near Les Herbiers in Vend\u00e9e , France . In the 16th century, no less than seven windmills were built on this hill. Today there are three left, one of which is still running. During the war in the Vend\u00e9e the movement of the opposing troops were measured from the wind mills. Mont des Alouettes is the finish of the first stage of the 2011 Tour de France . This Vend\u00e9e geographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_157"]] [20162, "Barricada (from Spanish : Barricade ) were a Navarrese hard rock band created in 1982 in the Txantrea neighbourhood of Pamplona/Iru\u00f1ea . The band members were Enrique Villareal ( El Drogas ) as bassist and vocalist, Javier Hernandez ( Boni ) guitarist and vocalist, Alfredo Piedrafita as guitarist and Ibon Sagarra ( Ibi ) on drums. Together they have written over 100 songs and sold over a million discs. On January 8, 2021, Boni died at age 58 of laryngeal cancer. This article about a Spanish band or other musical ensemble is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_162"]] [20163, "The 373rd Fighter Group is an inactive United States Army Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with First Air Force stationed at Mitchel Field , New York. It was inactivated on 7 November 1945. During World War II the group was assigned to Ninth Air Force in Western Europe. It was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 20 March 1945, that greatly facilitated the crossing of the Rhine River by Allied ground forces: without losing any planes, the group repeatedly dived through barrages of antiaircraft fire to bomb vital airfields east of the river; they also attacked rail lines and highways leading to the Rhine, hitting rolling stock, motor transports, and other objectives.The 373rd was redesignated as the 146th Fighter Group , and allotted to the California Air National Guard on 24 May 1946.During World War II, the 373rd Fighter Group participated in the aerial operations which made possible the establishment of the Normandy beachhead and the rapid advance of the Allied ground forces into Germany. Although in combat for only 12 months, the Group took part in six campaigns and was awarded one Distinguished Unit Citation for outstanding performance of duty in action. The unit was constituted as the 373rd Fighter Group on 25 May 1943. The unit, consisting of the 410th, 411th, and 412th Fighter Squadrons, was activated at Westover Field , Massachusetts , on 15 August 1943. The original personnel for the 373rd were supplied by the 326th Fighter Group . Training for the 373rd Fighter Group began at Westover Field in September 1943 and was continued at Norfolk Army Airfield , Virginia , where the unit moved on 22 October. On 12 February 1944 the group's training was brought to a halt and the organization prepared for its departure overseas. The group moved to Camp Shanks , New York , on 15 March. One week later the unit's personnel moved to the New York Port of Embarkation , boarded HMS Duchess of Bedford , and on the following day sailed for Great Britain. The ship reached Greenock , Scotland, on 3 April, and the men disembarked and moved to their new station at RAF Woodchurch , Kent , England. During the remainder of the month the group prepared for combat operations by flying training missions. Some of the pilots, in order to gain experience, participated in missions with the 358th Fighter Group. The 373rd Fighter Group flew its first combat mission\u2014a fighter sweep over the coast of France\u2014on 8 May 1944. No aerial opposition or flak was encountered. All planes returned safely to their base. Three days later the unit escorted a group of Martin B-26 Marauder bombers to France. Then, on 21 May, the unit participated in its first strike into Germany, when 50 of its Republic P-47 Thunderbolts conducted a fighter sweep over the lower Ruhr Valley . The unit met its first enemy air opposition on the mission of 24 May, when it was attacked by seven Focke-Wulf Fw 190s while escorting bombers to Belgium. Three days later the group completed its first dive-bombing mission\u2014a strike against a railway bridge in the vicinity of Rouen . During another strike on that same target later in the day, the unit's pilots scored three direct hits. The mission accomplished by the 373rd Fighter Group in May 1944 prepared the unit for the tremendous tasks it was to undertake during the month of June. In all, the 373rd completed 54 missions, consisting of 1,532 sorties, during the month. Fourteen of its missions were flown on D-Day (6 June), when it patrolled the beaches and provided top cover for other outfits in dive-bombing attacks against enemy targets. In the days succeeding the successful establishment of the Normandy beachhead the 373rd Group swept behind enemy lines, attacking motor convoys, troops, transportation facilities, and other tactical and interdictory targets, in an effort to isolate the battlefield. Often the pilots directed their strikes against any target of opportunity which would hamper the movement of enemy supplies, hinder communications, and check the flow of German reinforcements to the front. On 25 June, the 411th Squadron became the first component of the 373rd Fighter Group to land in France. On that day the squadron was sent out to patrol the area between Le Havre and Cap de Barfleur . When their fuel supply was nearly exhausted the squadron's P-47s were relieved by aircraft from one of the other squadrons, and the pilots landed Azeville Airfield (A-7) on the Cotentin Peninsula . At that landing strip the planes were refueled and the pilots took off to patrol the same area. Later they returned to their base at Woodchurch. Although the 373rd Group was primarily concerned with ground support and interdiction operations, it did, on several occasions, engage the enemy in aerial combat. For example, on 7 June, one day after the landings, the 410th Fighter Squadron accounted for three aerial victories. On 29 June, while the 411th Fighter Squadron was providing top cover for a dive-bombing strike against rolling stock in the Le Mans - Tours area, its pilots ran into seven Messerschmitt Bf 109s . In the battle which ensued the 411th's pilots chalked up five aerial victories. The movement of the 373rd Fighter Group to France in July 1944 hindered its operations during the latter part of the month; however, in August the Group's operations were once again in high gear. With reduced flying distance to and from the front lines the unit was able to complete 94 missions during the month. Most of those missions were in support of General George Patton 's United States Third Army , which during the month burst out of Normandy and into Brittany , liberated all of that peninsula except three port cities, and swept 140 miles (230\u00a0km) past Paris to within 60 miles (97\u00a0km) of the German border. During that rapid advance across France the 373rd Fighter Group and other XIX Tactical Air Command units blazed the way for General Patton's tank columns. The 373rd, along with the other units, provided \"umbrella cover\" for the advancing ground forces, knocked out enemy rail and railroad transportation, and struck again and again at enemy tanks, gun emplacements, troop concentrations, and strongpoints. Late in August and early in September the 373rd Fighter Group devoted much of its attention to blasting the German fortifications at Brest . After the Third Army burst out of Normandy at Avranches on 1 August and began its rapid advance to the east, the first real stumbling block was met at Brest. The old fortifications of that city had been reinforced by the Germans and presented a barrier to American troops. In spite of repeated air attacks and shelling by 31 artillery battalions, the enemy still held on to its position. Early in September the Ninth Air Force made the city its primary objective. In addition to continuing its air attacks with bombardment aircraft, the Ninth Air Force directed eight fighter groups, (one of which was the 373rd), consisting of approximately 400 planes, to provide air cooperation for the troops assaulting the city. Continuous dive-bombing and strafing attacks by the 373rd Fighter Group and its sister organizations finally forced the enemy to withdraw into the city itself. In the final phase of the assault the 373rd attacked enemy strongpoints which were obstructing the progress of our ground troops. After 12 September the 373rd Fighter Group returned to supporting the front line elements of General Patton's Third Army. Despite the fact that the unit's base was far from the front lines, it completed 67 dive-bombing and reconnaissance missions\u2014some of them to targets as far away as Luxembourg and Saarbr\u00fccken . On 1 October 1944 the 373rd Fighter Group was transferred from the XIX Tactical Air Command to the newly formed XXIX Tactical Air Command . Thereafter the 373rd sought to isolate the front line battle areas by cutting rails and by destroying bridges and other transportation targets; and it gave direct ground support to elements of the Ninth Army by hitting enemy strongpoints, tanks, and gun positions. Late in October the Group moved to Le Culot Airfield (A-68), Belgium, where it was located when, on 16 December, the Germans began their historic breakthrough which resulted in the Battle of the Bulge . From 19 to 23 December, while the Germans smashed Allied positions, Allied airpower lay helpless, bound down by unfavorable weather conditions which helped to shield the German thrust. Then, on 24 December the weather cleared and the 373rd Group and other air units flew attack after attack in support of our beleaguered ground forces through the remainder of December and during the entire month of January 1945. The German thrust was checked, and the enemy was slowly pushed back. So effective were the Allied aerial blows that by 1 February our ground forces had regained the positions held prior to 16 December. Throughout that entire battle the 373rd Group played a small but significant role. Despite snow, fog, freezing rain, and cold weather, the group flew 13 missions during the month of January. Typical of the results attained in the missions were those of 1 January. On that day the unit destroyed 18 vehicles, 27 buildings, 15 railroad cars, and 4 tanks, and effected 19 road and railroad cuts. In February 1945 the Germans, with their attempted breakthrough thwarted, were retreating rapidly. To cut off that retreat and to prevent the Germans from forming a line of defense, the 373rd Fighter Group and other XXIX Tactical Air Command units made repeated attacks against the enemy's retreating columns and against transportation targets behind enemy lines. During the month the group destroyed a total of 605 buildings, 412 railroad cars, 12 locomotives , 88 motor vehicles, and 2 tanks. The unit also effected 193 railroad and road cuts. and it blasted bridges, supply dumps. ammunition stores, gun positions, and pockets of resistance. Operations of that type continued until the war came to an end early in May 1945. On 20 March 1945, when the group's pilots destroyed or damaged 119 enemy aircraft on the ground. The 373rd was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation. It reads: \"For outstanding and heroic performance of duty in action against the enemy in the European Theater of Operations on 20 March 1945, this organization, displaying great valor and exemplary devotion to duty, greatly facilitated the crossing of the Rhine River by Allied Ground Forces by dealing six consecutive blows against the enemy's air potential and by crushing his lines of communication. The group destroyed and damaged one hundred nineteen enemy aircraft on three vital airfields which presented the greatest threat to Allied armies massed west of the Rhine, and rendered these airfields completely inoperative. With unswerving resolution, pilots dived repeatedly through the barrages of anti-aircraft to batter strategic targets, then, with brilliant airmanship and superior flying skill, returned all aircraft safely to base. In a further display of outstanding aerial tactics, the 373rd Fighter Group tenaciously and aggressively attacked rolling stock, motor transportation, and utterly disrupted main highways and rail lines leading to the Rhine. The ingenuity, efficiency, and cooperation on the part of all personnel contributed in the fullest measure to the devastation wreaked by the 373rd Fighter Group on this significant day. The outstanding performance, achieved through the superb esprit de corps of this unit, is in keeping with the highest traditions of the Army Air Forces.\u201dWhen the war ended the 373rd Fighter Group was stationed at Lippstadt , Germany. Later in the month the unit moved to Illesheim . Germany, where it remained until some time in July. The group then moved back to England, where on 25 July it boarded SS West Point and sailed for the United States. After arriving at the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation on 1 August, the Group moved to Camp Patrick Henry , Virginia. On the following day the 373rd was transferred to Sioux Falls Army Air Field . South Dakota. The group's stay at that base was short, for on 17 August it moved to Seymour-Johnson Field , North Carolina , and then to Mitchel Field , New York, on 28 September. Less than two months later, on 7 November 1945, the 373rd Fighter Group was inactivated. The group emblem was an \"unofficial\" type but was carried on some P-47s of the unit, also the squadrons had \"Unofficial\" emblems as well. The World War II-era emblem was a shield with a checkered upper right portion and a bar dividing the shield from top left to lower right and a solid color in the lower left portion.This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency", ["2_163"]] [20164, "Ruben Michael Mendoza (June 2, 1931 \u2013 April 11, 2010) was an American soccer forward who was a dominant player in the St. Louis leagues during the 1950s and 1960s. He earned four caps with the U.S. national team and was a member of the 1952 , 1956 and 1960 U.S. Olympic teams. Although he was born in St. Louis, Missouri , Mendoza's family moved to the Mexican state of Durango when he was eight. Mendoza began playing street soccer, as most young boys did at the time, while living in Durango. However, he eventually joined an organized team, the Atlante' Juniors team, going on to win the championship title in 1946.When he was 16, Mendoza returned to the U.S. where he settled in his home town of Granite City, IL. Upon his return to the St Louis area he played for many local teams until he landed a spot with Zenthoefer Furs in 1951.Mendoza played ten seasons in the St. Louis Major League, St. Louis Municipal League and St. Louis Soccer League with Zenthoefer Furs , St. Louis Raiders and St. Louis Kutis between 1951 and 1960. A prolific goal scorer, he spent most of his years either on the left wing or as a forward where he had a reputation for skillful and accurate headers. Wearing the number 10 jersey , he was known throughout the league for his ability to perform and score using the \" bicycle kick \". Unfortunately, St. Louis teams and leagues rarely kept accurate statistics for these years so we no longer know Mendoza's goals totals.Mendoza won the league title in 1951 with Zenthoefer before moving to Raiders for the 1952 season. That year the Raiders won both the league title and National Amateur Cup . After Raiders won the Amateur Cup, Tom Kutis, owner of the Kutis Funeral Home, began sponsoring the team. The team, now known as St. Louis Kutis , went on to win the 1953, 1954, 1957 and 1960 league titles. St. Louis Kutis went on to win the National Amateur Cup every year from 1956 to 1960. In 1954, SL Kutis was runner-up in the National Challenge Cup before taking the title in 1957. In the 1950s, the U.S. Soccer Federation (USSF) frequently had difficulty fielding the U.S. national team and in 1957, USSF selected SL Kutis to represent the U.S. in the qualifying rounds for the 1958 FIFA World Cup . Despite its domestic success, the SL Kutis team was unable to take the U.S. to the cup finals. His teammates with SL Kutis included such U.S. greats as Bill Looby , Harry Keough and Frank Borghi . Mendoza's teams played various touring European club teams, winning more than they lost. For example, in 1951 Eintracht Frankfurt toured the U.S. They racked up a record of 6\u20132 with the only losses coming from Zenthoefers and Scottish club Celtic . In 1955, N\u00fcrnberg toured the U.S., running to a 5\u20131\u20131 record. This time Kutis, led by Mendoza, was the only U.S. team to defeat the German club, the tie coming from English club Sunderland . Finally, in 1956 Schwaben Augsburg toured the U.S., finishing 5\u20131. The only loss coming again from Kutis.Mendoza earned four caps with the U.S. national team between 1954 and 1959, scoring two goals. While this number does not seem impressive by today's standards, it must be recalled that these caps were earned during an era when the U.S. National Team did not play very frequently. He earned his first cap in an April 4, 1954, World Cup qualifier victory over Haiti in Port-au-Prince , Haiti . Mendoza scored the second U.S. goal in the thirty-first minute. Mendoza did not play again for the U.S. for two more years. His second game with the national team did not go as well as the first, as the U.S. was crushed 7\u20132 by Mexico in an April 28, 1957, World Cup qualifying match. Six weeks later, the U.S. hosted Canada in a World Cup qualifying game. While the score was closer than the Mexico game, the U.S. still lost, 3-2 despite a goal from Mendoza. Two weeks later, the U.S. was officially out of the 1958 FIFA World Cup when Canada again defeated the U.S. 5\u20131. This was the last game played by Mendoza.In addition to his games with the U.S. national team, Mendoza was in the starting lineup for the U.S. at both the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland and the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , Australia and was a member of the 1960 U.S. Olympic squad.The U.S. played only one game in 1952, an 8\u20130 loss to Italy . It had also lost to Scotland in a pre-game exhibition match. In 1956, the U.S. Olympic team went on an Asian tour prior to the games. During this tour, the U.S. performed well, raising hopes which were crushed by a 9\u20131 loss to Yugoslavia in the only U.S. match of the tournament. The 1960 Olympic team did not qualify for and did not attend the 1960 games.After suffering numerous knee injuries Mendoza retired from playing and moved into the coaching ranks. He began a soccer program across the river from St. Louis in Granite City, Illinois , becoming a pioneer in an area which later produced national team defender Steve Trittschuh , a former player under Mendoza. By the mid-1970s, Mendoza could claim with some accuracy that nearly every soccer player from Granite City had been either coached by him personally or by a coach trained by Mendoza. His club teams won the Illinois State Cup each year throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. One U-13 team advanced to and won the Midwest Regional competition (Detroit, MI) against 7 neighboring states.Mendoza had the satisfaction of seeing the local high school, consisting of players who had almost entirely been coached as youth players by himself, win the Illinois high school state championship in 1972 and each year from 1976 to 1980, then again in 1982, 1987, 1989 and 1990.On October 4, 1984, he was inducted into the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame.Ruben Mendoza died on April 11, 2010, at Barnes\u2013Jewish Hospital . His family said he had been battling Alzheimer's disease , diabetes and congestive heart failure . ", ["2_164"]] [20166, "White Mountain Peak (or simply White Mountain ), at 14,252 feet (4,344\u00a0m), is the highest peak in the White Mountains of California , the highest peak in Mono County , and the third highest peak in the state after Mount Whitney and Mount Williamson . In spite of its name, the summit block of the peak has large swaths of very dark and colorful orange scree and rock; it is composed of Mesozoic metavolcanic rock , which is igneous rock altered by rising granite. It is the fourteenth most topographically prominent peak in the contiguous United States . White Mountain Peak is one of only two fourteeners (peaks above 14,000 feet) in California that are not in the Sierra Nevada , the other being Mount Shasta at the far northern end of the state in the Cascade Range . It is the only fourteener in the contiguous United States that is not in the Rocky Mountains , the Cascade Range, or the Sierra Nevada. It is in the Inyo-White Mountains . The University of California operates the White Mountain Research Center, comprising three high altitude research stations, on the mountain: Crooked Creek Station at 10,200 feet (3,100\u00a0m), Barcroft Station at 12,470 feet (3,800\u00a0m), and a small hut at the summit. The effects of altitude on physiology are studied at the Barcroft Station and summit hut. There is a winding dirt road leading to the summit station that is usually cleared of snow between late June and September. Access is restricted to hikers only by a locked gate about 2 miles before Barcroft Station, but White Mountain Research Station usually opens this locked gate at 11,680 feet (3,560\u00a0m) once each year. Open gate days are typically held on a Sunday in the summer season. The round-trip hike from the gate to the summit is about 14 miles (23\u00a0km) with less than 2,600 feet (800\u00a0m) of vertical gain. However, there are two different dips in the trail of about 250 feet each, adding up to a total elevation gain during the roundtrip of over 3500 feet. The open gate shaves about 4 miles (6\u00a0km) and 790 feet (240\u00a0m) of gain off the round trip. This route is popular with mountain bikers .While the peak is arguably California's easiest fourteener via the jeep road, it features more strenuous climbs such as its western ridge, an 8,150-foot (2,500\u00a0m) climb out of Owens Valley via a steep ridge from the end of a rough road. Another route from the East, up Wyman Canyon from the Deep Springs Valley, has a lot of water sources in the first 12 miles. It climbs 7,100 feet to the summit. The peak is rarely approached from the north where it is guarded by a narrow ar\u00eate or knife-edge ridge. A better nontechnical alternative to the jeep road would be to drive as far as possible up Leidy Canyon from Fish Lake Valley, then take a graded cattle trail up the broad ridge to Perry Aiken Flat.From the flats it is an easy traverse south into the cirque of the North Fork, North Branch of Perry Aiken Creek. A moderate scramble up the ridge between the North Branch and the larger cirque of the main North Fork leads to the easier upper slopes of the peak. While the peak does not require technical climbing skills, it still poses a serious challenge to hikers because of the high altitude.The summit and the weather station at 12,470 feet (3,800\u00a0m) has an alpine tundra climate ( K\u00f6ppen climate classification : ET ). Winters are extremely severe, with the peak receiving upwards of 13 feet (400\u00a0cm) of snow annually.", ["2_166"]] [20169, "Roscoff ( / \u02c8 r \u0252 s k o\u028a / , from Breton : Rosko ; French pronunciation: [\u0281\u0254sk\u0254f] ) is a commune in the Finist\u00e8re d\u00e9partement of Brittany in northwestern France. Roscoff is renowned for its picturesque architecture, labelled petite cit\u00e9 de caract\u00e8re de Bretagne (small town of character) since 2009. Roscoff is also a traditional departure point for Onion Johnnies .After lobbying by local economic leaders headed by Alexis Gourvennec , the French government agreed in 1968 to provide a deep-water port at Roscoff. Existing ferry operators were reluctant to take on the relatively long Plymouth\u2013Roscoff crossing so Gourvennec and colleagues founded Brittany Ferries . Since the early 1970s Roscoff has been developed as a ferry port for the transport of Breton agricultural produce and for motor tourism. Brittany Ferries link Roscoff with both Ireland and the United Kingdom.Owing to the richness of iodine in the surrounding waters and the mild climate maintained by a sea current that varies only between 8 and 18\u00a0\u00b0C (46 and 64\u00a0\u00b0F), Roscoff is also a centre of post-cure, which gave rise to the concept of thalassotherapy in the latter half of the 19th century. A French doctor, Louis-Eug\u00e8ne Bagot, opened the Institut Marin in Roscoff in 1899, the first centre for thalassotherapy in Europe. Since then many important centres of thalassotherapy such as the Institut de Rockroum (originally Institut marin), the clinic Kerl\u00e9na and a heliomarin hospital founded in 1900, the Perharidy Centre, can be found by the sea at Roscoff.The nearby \u00cele de Batz , called Enez Vaz in Breton , is a small island that can be reached by launch from the harbour .Inhabitants of Roscoff are called in French Roscovites .The municipality launched a language plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 14 November 2008.In 2008 18.44% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools. Brittany Ferries operate ferry services from Roscoff to Plymouth daily from February to November with occasional Christmas sailings, to Cork twice a week (Friday and Tuesday service).Irish Ferries used to operate a ferry service from Roscoff to Rosslare from May to September but now sail to Cherbourg instead.Roscoff is twinned with:", ["2_169"]] [20170, "The Eden Valley Railway (EVR) was a railway in Cumbria , England. It ran between Clifton Junction near Penrith and Kirkby Stephen via Appleby-in-Westmorland . Passenger traffic ended in 1962 and the line was reduced to the track between the junction at Appleby station with the Settle-Carlisle Line and Kirkby Stephen which served a quarry. By 1976 all that was left was 6 miles (10\u00a0km) of track between Appleby in Westmorland and Flitholme . It was used by infrequent British Army services to Warcop Training Area until 1989.In 1995 the Eden Valley Railway Society was formed with the aim of reinstating services and restoring on the line. Heritage railway services resumed in 2006 between Warcop and Sandford, with an extension of 1 \u2044 2 mile (0.8\u00a0km) being opened in 2013, giving a current running line of almost 2 + 1 \u2044 4 miles (3.6\u00a0km).Before the construction of the Eden Valley Railway, in the 1840s, several schemes had been proposed which would have run to the Eden Valley; one was the York & Carlisle Junction Railway , backed by the Great North of England Railway , which would have run from Northallerton to Barnard Castle then across the Pennines to Kirkby Stephen , after which two branches would have been formed to connect with the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway ; one to Tebay and the other to Clifton . Another similar scheme was the Northumberland & Lancashire Union which would have run from Gateshead near Newcastle upon Tyne to Barnard Castle, and then as the York & Carlisle line across the Pennines via Kirkby Stephen to Tebay. Additionally the Yorkshire and Glasgow Union Railway was planned to run west from Thirsk through Wensleydale to Hawes , then north through the Mallerstang Valley to Kirkby Stephen, and then through the Eden Valley to Clifton via Appleby-in-Westmorland . Both the Yorkshire & Glasgow Union and part of the York & Carlisle Junction to Tebay were empowered by acts of Parliament in 1845 but the end of the Railway bubble of the 1840s meant that they were not built.It was not until the late 1850s that a line through the Eden Valley was proposed again. Firstly a new trans-Pennine railway line was proposed, reviving the earlier schemes; the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway (SD&LUR) was to run from the Stockton and Darlington Railway [ note 1 ] to Kirkby Stephen and then to Tebay. A second line, the Eden Valley Railway would branch from the first at Kirkby Stephen and then go to Clifton via the upper Eden Valley. The main purpose of these lines was freight, not passengers; bringing higher grade iron ore from Cumberland and Lancashire to the blast furnaces of the North East, and coal and coke from the mines of Durham to the northwest of England. The route was shorter than the alternative, the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway . The act of Parliament authorising South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway was passed on 13 July 1857, and that for the Eden Valley Railway came soon after on 21 May 1858.The act allowed the raising a capital of \u00a3180,000, the appointed directors of the company include important figures from Westmorland and Cumberland including William Brougham , Sir Richard Tufton Isaac Wilson as well as Henry Pease . Construction of the 22-mile (35\u00a0km) line was contracted to Messrs. Lawton Brothers of Newcastle, the turning of the sod ceremony took place on 4 August 1858 with Lord Brougham. Most of the stone for the railway's stations was quarried near Cliburn . Construction of the line was straightforward with only three minor rivers to cross and no tunnels in low-lying land; the maximum incline was 1 in 80, the average 1 in 150. The cost of construction had been \u00a3204,803\u00a00s\u00a08d (equivalent to \u00a324,139,630 in 2023).From Kirkby Stephen East station on the SD&LUR the line to Cumbria curves northwest to the junction at which the Eden Valley railway separates from the Tebay line and begins to travel roughly north. Two miles (3\u00a0km) after the junction a bridge over Scandal Beck is reached which was crossed by an iron bridge, less than 1 + 1 \u2044 4 miles (2\u00a0km) further north the River Eden was crossed by Musgrave viaduct [ map 1 ] of three 63-foot (19\u00a0m) lattice girder iron spans. Next was the minor Musgrave station to the west of the village of Great Musgrave . The line then curved to the northwest towards Warcop and after 1 + 1 \u2044 2 miles (2.5\u00a0km) reached Warcop station . From Warcop the line continued northwest along the Eden valley north of the Eden crossing Coupland Beck after 3 + 1 \u2044 2 miles (5.5\u00a0km) by a viaduct, [ map 2 ] and then continued to Appleby about 5 + 1 \u2044 2 miles (9\u00a0km) after Warcop station.Four miles (7\u00a0km) running northwest from Appleby the railway reached Kirkby Thore station , then just over 1 + 1 \u2044 4 miles (2\u00a0km) west-northwest to Temple Sowerby station south of the village of the same name. The river Eden was crossed once more at Skygarth viaduct which had four lattice girders each of 98\u00a0feet 3\u00a0inches (29.95\u00a0m), whence the line ran roughly west to Cliburn railway station 1 \u2044 2 mile (1\u00a0km) north of the village of Cliburn . The line then continued west, and curved south on a chord connecting it to a north facing junction near Clifton, Cumbria connecting the line to Clifton and Lowther station on the Lancaster & Carlisle Railway.The line was built as a single track line and was worked by the Stockton and Darlington Railway from its inception, it opened for mineral trains on 8 April 1862, and for passengers on 9 June the same year. Soon after opening the amalgamation of the railway into the Stockton and Darlington Railway along with the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway and Frosterley and Stanhope Railway was sanctioned by an Act of Parliament on 30 June 1862. The following year the Stockton and Darlington merged into the North Eastern Railway , and the Eden Valley line too became part of that larger system.During the construction of the railway, in 1861, an act of Parliament was passed that would increase the importance of the Eden Valley Line. This was the act permitting the construction of the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway , which by 1865 had been opened. It connected to the Cockermouth and Workington Railway , and hence the ports and industrialised iron-rich regions of the west Cumbrian coast ( Workington , Whitehaven ) were linked to the Lancaster and Carlisle line (operated by the London and North Western Railway ) near Penrith close to the Eden Valley's own junction. This made the Eden Valley line a route of choice for transport of materials between the north east and north west of England. Permission to build a connection allowing trains from the north to run directly onto the Eden Valley line was obtained in 1862, and the new section opened in 1863, along with a new station for Clifton (renamed Clifton Moor in 1927) on the chord. Eden Valley passenger trains now ran via this northern track, and had running powers on the L&CR line, now going to Penrith. After 1874 the southern chord was abandoned. During the 1870s the Settle and Carlisle Railway was being constructed, which also ran through the upper Eden Valley. West of the station in Appleby in Westmorland a junction with the Eden Valley railway was built allowing trains travelling north to cross onto the westbound Eden Valley line. Further west the Settle line crossed over the Eden Valley line. In 1923, the Eden Valley Railway was grouped into the London and North Eastern Railway in accordance with the Railways Act 1921 . On September 1, 1927, then Clifton station was given its current name, Clifton Moor station . This was to differentiate itself from Clifton and Lowther station, a part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway . In 1936, the route going through Redhills to Penrith was removed, thereby limiting all future freight to transporting local goods. In 1948 the railways of Britain were nationalised and the line became part of British Railways . In the following decade several stations closed: Musgrave station in 1952, Kirkby Thore in 1953, Temple Sowerby closed to passengers in 1953, and Cliburn station in 1956. In 1958 a two car diesel multiple unit service was introduced. However between 1962 and 1963 the entire line closed to passengers. At the same time the Stainmore railway also closed completely apart from a short section of track eastwards from Kirkby Stephen East railway station to Merrygill Viaduct for the quarry nearby. From then on only freight trains used the line. The line from Clifton to Appleby was also closed, and, from 1963 points east of Appleby could only be reached via the junction with the Settle and Carlisle railway at Appleby. Freight trains still ran from Appleby to Kirkby Stephen and then to Hartley Quarry ( 54\u00b028\u203211\u2033N 2\u00b019\u203236\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 54.469763\u00b0N 2.326612\u00b0W \ufeff / 54.469763; -2.326612 ). In 1974 that service ended and the track was removed except for about 5 + 1 \u2044 2 miles (9\u00a0km) between Appleby and Warcop. Trains for the Warcop Training Area north of Warcop village ran until 1989. The section of line between Appleby and Warcop has been restored by the Eden Valley Railway Trust , originally known as the Eden Valley Railway Society . At the southern end of the route, the Stainmore Railway Company has reinstated a short stretch of track near Kirkby Stephen East station.Other than in the restored sections, none of the track remains in situ. Most of the trackbed remains as a feature on the landscape and as field boundaries. To the south east of Kirkby Thore the A66 road crosses the trackbed close to where Kirkby Thore station once stood, and the station was demolished when the road was remodelled in 1974. Clifton Moor , Cliburn , Temple Sowerby and Warcop and Musgrave railway stations are now private residences. Other features including the signal boxes at Cliburn and Warcop have survived. The bridges at Musgrave and Skygarth have been removed. The former junction west of Kirkby Stephen with the line to Tebay is now a nature reserve.", ["2_170"]] [20171, "Muscat Rouge \u00e0 Petits Grains ( French pronunciation: [myska \u0281u\u0292 a p\u0259ti \u0261\u0281\u025b\u0303] ) is a wine grape for white wine that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera . Its name comes from its characteristic small berry size and tight clusters, and from its skin colour. It's a variation of the more common Muscat Blanc \u00e0 Petits Grains with a reddish colour, which in some of its synonyms are described as brown, gray or violet. Muscat Rose \u00e0 Petits Grains is a further variation with lighter, pinkish skin colour. It originates from Greece . Muscat Rouge \u00e0 Petits Grains is known under the following synonyms: Apiana Moschata, Brauner Muskateller, Brown Frontignac, Brown Muscat, Busuioac\u0103, Busuioac\u0103 de Bohotin, Busuioac\u0103 di Bohotin, Busuioaca Roza, Busuioaca Vanata, Busuioaca Vanata di Bohotin, Cehrayi Muskat, Cervena Dincha, Cervena Dinka, Grauer Muskateller, Grauroter Muskateller, Grizeline, Grizly Frontinac, Grizzly Frontignan, Gros Muscat Violet, K\u00fcmmeltraube, Mad\u00e8re, Montepulciano, Moscadello Rosso, Moscado Rosso, Moscatel de Grano Menudo Rojo, Moscatel Galego Roxo, Moscatel Gordomorado, Moscatel Menudo, Moscatel Menudo Morado, Moscatel Rojo, Moscatel Roxo, Moscatella Rubra, Moscato Rosata, Moscato Rosso, Moscato Rosso de Madera, Moscato Violetto, Moscha Aromatica, Moscodel Menudo Morado, Muscat \u00e0 Petits Grains Rouges, Muscat Brun, Muscat Corail, Muscat d'Alsace Rouge, Muscat de Corail, Muscat Frontignan Rouge, Muscat Frontignon, Muscat Frontinyanskiy, Muscat Gris, Muscat Piemont, Muscat Pink, Muscat Red, Muscat Rouge, Muscat Rouge de Frontignan, Muscat Violet, Muscat Violet Commun, Muscat Violet Cyperus, Muscat Rouge \u00e0 Petits Grains Muscat Rouge de Frontignac, Muscat Rouge de Frontignan, Muscat Rouge de Madeira, Muscat Rozovy, Muscat Violet, Muscat Violet Commun, Muscat Violet Cyperus, Muscat Violet de Mad\u00e8re, Muscateller Rubbra, Muscateller Rot, Muscateller Violet, Muskat Frontinyanskii, Muskat Frontinyanskiy, Muskat Kalyaba, Muskat Krasnyi, Muskat Krasnyj, Muskat Rozovyi, Muskat Rozovyj, Muskat Violetovii, Muskateller Grau, Muskateller Rot, Muskateller Roter, Muskateller Schwarzblau, Muskateller Violett, Piros Muskotaly, Qirmizi Muskat, Red Constantia, Red Frontignac, Red Frontignan, Red Muscadel, Red Muscat, Red Muskadel, Roter Muskateller, Rothe Schmeckende, Rothe Schmeckete, Rother Frontignac, Rother Muscateller, Rother Spanischer Muskateller, Rother Weihrauch, Rother Weirauch, Rothmuscateller, Schmeckende, Schmeckende Roth, Schmeckete, Tafeltraube Fleischmann, Tamaiioasa de Bohotin, Tamaioasa di Bohotin, Tamaioasa Violeta, Uva Turca Rubra, Violetter Muskateller, Weihrauch Roth, Wohlschmeckende Bisamrebeh, Mavro Moschato.Some synonyms are shared with other Muscat varieties.", ["2_171"]] [20172, "Strawberry Island is a small island in the San Juan Islands of the U.S. state of Washington . It is located in Rosario Strait near Cypress Island and closes Strawberry Bay. The island is managed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources .Strawberry Island has long been popular with kayakers . In 2010, due to budget cuts, the Department of Natural Resources prohibited overnight camping.George Vancouver named Strawberry Bay and Cypress Island in 1792, but left this island nameless.48\u00b033\u203242.3\u2033N 122\u00b044\u20328.97\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 48.561750\u00b0N 122.7358250\u00b0W \ufeff / 48.561750; -122.7358250This Skagit County, Washington state location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_172"]] [20173, "Michael Holm (born Lothar Walter ; on 29 July 1943) is a German singer, musician, songwriter and record producer. \nHe is primarily known as a singer of Schlager music . Although his first appearance in the hit parade was in 1962 (\"Lauter sch\u00f6ne Worte\"), he had his first big hit in 1969. \"Mendocino\", the German adaptation of a song by the Sir Douglas Quintet , was the biggest selling single that year in (Germany). The record was released in September 1969, reached number three for five weeks, selling over a million copies. Ariola presented him with a gold record in October 1970. Further hits such as \"Barfu\u00df im Regen\" (1970), \"Tr\u00e4nen l\u00fcgen nicht\" (literally, \"Tears Don't Lie\", recorded in English as \" When A Child Is Born \") (1974) and \" Musst Du jetzt gerade gehen, Lucille \" (1977) followed. He also composed the music for the popular international horror movie Mark of the Devil (1970). Outside of Germany, he is best known for his work as a member of the new age band, Cusco , along with Kristian Schultze .A year-long artistic collaboration and private friendship connects him with the musician and producer Giorgio Moroder . As a duo, they released several singles and an album.", ["2_173"]] [20177, "The Trondheim Synagogue ( Norwegian : Synagogen i Trondheim ) is an Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue , located at Arkitekt Christies gate 1B, in Trondheim , Norway . Established as a congregation in June 1892, the present synagogue has served the Jewish community since its inauguration on October 13, 1925. It was built to replace the first synagogue in Trondheim, the St J\u00f8rgensveita Synagogue, which was opened in 1899. Since 1997, the building has also served as a Jewish museum .The synagogue was originally Orthodox , but is no longer. There is no longer separate seating for men and women. The synagogue still has a gallery where the women once sat separately. Used for profane purposes by Nazis during World War II , the synagogue was reconsecrated in 1947 and continued to serve as a synagogue. It is the second-northernmost synagogue in the world (after the synagogue in Fairbanks, Alaska ). Media related to Synagogue in Trondheim at Wikimedia CommonsThis article about a Norwegian building or structure is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a synagogue or other Jewish place of worship in Europe is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_177"]] [20179, "St Paul's Church is in Church Street, Bury, Greater Manchester , England. A former Anglican parish church , it is now redundant and, following fire damage, has been converted into residential use. The former church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade\u00a0II listed building . The church was built in 1838\u201342, and designed by John Harper of York . The land for the church was given by the 13th\u00a0Earl of Derby . In 1898 the Lancaster architects Austin and Paley carried out work on the church, including removing the galleries, repairing the roof, and installing new choir stalls and a font . On 1\u00a0November 1995 the church was declared redundant. It was damaged by fire in 2004, and has since been converted for residential use. St Paul's is constructed in sandstone in 13th-century Gothic Revival style. Its plan consists of a nave with a clerestory , north and south aisles , a chancel and a west tower. The windows along the sides of the church, and in the tower, are lancets . In the Buildings of England series, the authors describe the pinnacles on the tower as \"like apologetic eyebrows\". The churchyard contains the war graves of thirteen soldiers of World War I and an airman of World War II . In 2006 a commemorative memorial erected by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission was temporarily stored away from the church until the conversion of the building into apartments was completed. ", ["2_179"]] [20181, "LaBahn Arena is the home ice of the Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey team. It was the second arena to be purpose-built for a women's collegiate hockey team; the first was Minnesota 's Ridder Arena . The arena is connected via a tunnel to the Kohl Center , which the women's team shared with the men's team from its inception in 1999 until 2012. The men's team also practices there. The facility also houses locker rooms for the swimming and diving teams. The arena is named for longtime Badger boosters Chuck and Mary Ann LaBahn, its main fundraisers. Before 2012, the women's ice hockey team drove from its headquarters at the Camp Randall Memorial Sports Center to the Kohl Center. Whenever the Kohl Center was being readied for a basketball game, the women drove to a rink in nearby Verona for practice. The men often practiced at the Bob Johnson Hockey Facility three miles from campus or the Memorial Sports Center when the Kohl Center was being readied for basketball. They often had to make these trips in dangerous conditions during Madison's typically snowy and icy winters, leading Wisconsin State Journal columnist Andy Baggot to argue that LaBahn's construction was a \"necessity\" for the players' safety. The men's ice hockey team also played at LaBahn Arena during the 2020-21 season. Normally, LaBahn serves as the backup venue for the men's team. However, during the 2020-21 season, the Big Ten Conference mandated all conference games be played behind closed doors . School officials felt they could not justify the expense of switching the Kohl Center between basketball and hockey without fans in attendance, and opted to have the men play the entire season at LaBahn. ", ["2_181"]] [20182, "20 South Second Street is a historic home located in Newport, Pennsylvania . This is a two-story home with a hipped roof, resting on a stone foundation. The all brick structure is 4 pays wide with a storefront at the corner. Clapboard siding was added around the storefront along with a wraparound porch with modern wood columns.Now home of Newport Natural Foods, I was home to the following businesses: The William \"Bill\" Welfley Drug Store, Earl Gower Drug Store, Charles E. Bosserman Drug Store & Soda Fountain, State Liquor Store, the Post Office from 1922 to 1932, Fleck and Hyman Clothing, D. H. Spots Clothing, Marx Dukes Clothing. Originally known as the Dr James B. Eby buildingIt was designated a contributing property of the Newport Historic District in 1999. It is also identified as #71 in the \"National Register of Historic Places Resource Inventory: Newport Historic District\" (PDF) . This article about a property in Pennsylvania on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_182"]] [20183, "Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky . As of the 2020 census , the population was 15,678. Its county seat is New Castle , but its largest city is Eminence . The county was founded in 1798. It was named for the statesman and governor of Virginia Patrick Henry . ", ["2_183"]] [20185, "Erik Donald Stanley Gudbranson (born January 7, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenseman and alternate captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected third overall by the Florida Panthers in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft . Gudbranson has previously played for the Florida Panthers , Vancouver Canucks , Pittsburgh Penguins , Anaheim Ducks , Ottawa Senators , Nashville Predators , and Calgary Flames . Gudbranson grew up playing minor hockey for the Gloucester Rangers AA rep teams in the ODHA before playing AAA Minor Midget in the OEMHL with the Ottawa Jr. 67's. He was drafted by the Ontario Hockey League (OHL)'s Kingston Frontenacs in the first round, fourth overall, in the 2008 OHL Priority Selection Draft.In his rookie season with Kingston in 2008\u201309 , Gudbranson had 3 goals and 22 points in 63 games with the rebuilding Frontenacs, who failed to qualify for the playoffs. He recorded his first career OHL point, getting two assists in a 6\u20132 loss to the Belleville Bulls on October 1. Gudbranson scored his first career OHL goal on January 23 against Jaroslav Janus of the Erie Otters in a 6\u20135 overtime loss.Gudbranson then missed 27 games due to mononucleosis in the 2009\u201310 season , as he appeared in 41 games with the Frontenacs, scoring 2 goals and 23 points. In the playoffs, Gudbranson had a goal and two assists in seven games as Kingston lost to the Brampton Battalion in the first round of the playoffs. After the season, Gudbranson was awarded the Bobby Smith Trophy , an award given to the OHL Scholastic Player of the Year. Gudbranson returned to Kingston for the 2010\u201311 season , where he saw a big improvement in his offensive numbers. Gudbranson scored 12 goals and 34 points in 44 games with Kingston, helping the club to the playoffs. In the playoffs, Gudbranson had a goal and four points in five games as the Frontenacs lost to the Oshawa Generals in the first round.Gudbranson made the Florida Panthers team for the 2011\u201312 season and made his NHL debut against the New York Islanders on October 8, 2011. He earned the first point of his NHL career on December 2, 2011, against the Los Angeles Kings , an assist. He scored his first NHL goal against Henrik Lundqvist of the New York Rangers during a 6\u20131 loss on December 11, 2011. At the end of the season, Gudbranson had two goals and eight points in 72 games, helping the Panthers reach the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time since the 1999\u20132000 season . In the playoffs , Gudbranson was held pointless in seven games as Florida lost to the New Jersey Devils in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals round.In the 48-game, lock-out -shortened 2012\u201313 season , Gudbranson appeared in 32 games with Florida, earning four assists, as the club failed to reach the playoffs .In the 2013\u201314 season , Gudbranson appeared in 65 games, scoring three goals and providing six assists. His defensive partner for the majority of the season was captain Ed Jovanovski , though he also spent time partnered with Dylan Olsen .During the 2014\u201315 season , Gudbranson played in 76 games, scoring four goals and 13 points, both career highs. However, the Panthers failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.Gudbranson played in 64 games in the 2015\u201316 season , scoring two goals and nine points, helping Florida into the playoffs for the first time since 2012. During the playoffs, Gudbranson was held off the score sheet in six games, as Florida lost to the New York Islanders in the first round (who won their first playoff series since 1993 ).On May 25, 2016, Gudbranson was traded along with a 2016 fifth-round pick to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for Jared McCann and both a second- and fourth-round pick in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft . At the time of the transaction, Canucks general manager Jim Benning thought his team needed a physical defenceman , while the Panthers felt that McCann was a better fit for its possession-based style of hockey than Gudbranson. Gudbranson and McCann later became teammates with the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2019. Gudbranson joined the Vancouver Canucks for the 2016\u201317 season . He appeared in his first game with the Canucks on October 15, receiving 18:42 of ice time in a 2\u20131 shootout win over the Calgary Flames . On October 18, 2016, Gudbranson recorded his first point with the Canucks, an assist on a goal by Bo Horvat , in a 2\u20131 win over the St. Louis Blues . Gudbranson scored his first goal with Vancouver on December 8 in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning , scoring against Ben Bishop in a 5\u20131 victory.In an away game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on November 5, 2016, rookie Troy Stecher took a hit by Leaf enforcer Matt Martin in the third period, prompting a line brawl . Following the game, Gudbranson yelled, \"Matt Martin's dead. Everyone can hear that now. F\u2014\u2014 dead\" on his way to the Canucks' dressing room. He later apologized. On December 19, Gudbranson underwent season-ending wrist surgery; he had one goal and five assists in 30 games up to that point. On June 15, 2017, Gudbranson signed a one-year, $3.5\u00a0million contract extension with the Canucks for the 2017\u201318 season . On October 19, 2017, Gudbranson was assessed a five-minute major penalty for boarding and a game misconduct for a hit on Boston Bruins forward Frank Vatrano . On October 20, 2017, Gudbranson was given a one-game suspension for the hit. On February 20, 2018, Gudbranson signed a three-year, $12 million contract extension with the Canucks. After playing in 57 games and recording 8 points for Vancouver in the 2018\u201319 season, Gudbranson was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on February 25, 2019, in exchange for Tanner Pearson . On April 12, Gudbranson recorded his first Stanley Cup playoff point, a goal assisted by Evgeni Malkin , during the Penguins' first-round 3\u20131 loss to the New York Islanders . On October 25, 2019, after playing in seven games with the Penguins to open the 2019\u201320 season, Gudbranson was traded by Pittsburgh to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Andreas Martinsen and a 2021 seventh-round pick . Gudbranson found a role on the Ducks blueline, matching a career-high four goals in just 44 games with Anaheim before the season was paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic . On October 8, 2020, Gudbranson was traded to his hometown Ottawa Senators in exchange for a 2021 fifth-round draft pick. He was named as an alternate captain ahead of the season, along with Thomas Chabot and Brady Tkachuk . In the pandemic delayed 2020\u201321 season, adding a veteran presence to the Senators blueline, Gudbranson collected 1 goal and 3 points through 36 regular season games. On April 12, 2021, Gudbranson was traded by the Senators at the trade deadline to the Nashville Predators in exchange for a 7th round draft pick in 2023 and minor league defenseman Brandon Fortunato. He finished the season appearing one point in eleven games for the Predators. On September 10, 2021, Gudbranson as a free agent joined his seventh NHL club, in signing a one-year, $1.95 million contract with the Calgary Flames . With Calgary he set career highs in goals, assists, points, blocked shots, games played and plus/minus rating with six goals, eleven assists for 17 points, 92 blocked shots and a +15 plus/minus rating. The Calgary Flames topped the Pacific Division but were eliminated by the Edmonton Oilers in the playoffs. On July 13, 2022, Gudbranson as a free agent joined his eighth NHL club, in signing a four-year, $16 million contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets . In his first season with Columbus, Gudbranson was one of the few Blue Jacket defensemen who remained healthy, appearing in 70 games, scoring one goal and 13 points. Gudbranson was invited to take part in Canada's 2011 National Junior Team selection camp. He was eventually named to the team. He helped Canada win the silver medal in the World Juniors Championship in 2010\u201311.Gudbranson's younger brother Alex was selected by the Kingston Frontenacs in the first round of the 2010 OHL Priority Selection Draft. Alex currently plays with the Newfoundland Growlers of the ECHL . Gudbranson's youngest brother, Dennis, is a leukemia survivor. His sister, Chantal, is a graduate of the University of Guelph with a degree in Marine and Freshwater Biology and also played hockey for the Guelph Gryphons . Gudbranson is a supporter of Canadian Blood Services and promotes stem cell donation as a result of his brother's battle with leukemia. ", ["2_185"]] [20189, "Akitomo Takeno ( \u7af9\u91ce \u660e\u502b , Takeno Akitomo , born November 23, 1985) , nicknamed AT , is a current professional basketball assistant coach for Osaka Evessa in Japan. He was selected by the Niigata Albirex BB with the fifth overall pick in the 2008 bj League draft . He shortened his career due to a torn ACL in his left knee in 2015. ", ["2_189"]] [20190, "Cincar ( Serbian Cyrillic : \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0440 ) is a mountain in the Dinaric Alps of western Bosnia and Herzegovina , located at 43\u00b054\u203208\u2033N 17\u00b003\u203246\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 43.90222\u00b0N 17.06278\u00b0E \ufeff / 43.90222; 17.06278 between Livno , Kupres and Glamo\u010d . The highest point, the Cincar peak, is at an elevation of 2,006\u00a0m (6,581\u00a0ft). This Canton 10 geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_190"]] [20191, "Fernando Mart\u00edn de Argenta Pallar\u00e9s (4 July 1945 \u2013 3 December 2013) was a Spanish writer, journalist, musician and presenter of radio and television . [ citation needed ] Born in Madrid , the son of conductor and pianist Ata\u00falfo Argenta , Argenta completed advanced studies in music at the Madrid Royal Conservatory , he combined activity with the Bachelor of Law from the Complutense University of Madrid . In his youth, he was a member of the rock band Micky and The Tonys, which he left in 1965 to fulfill the military service. [ citation needed ]In 1976, Argenta began working at Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a (RNE), the station that ran the program Popular Classics . [ citation needed ]In 2003, 2004 and 2006, he was the commentator of RTVE in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest held in Copenhagen ( Denmark ), Lillehammer ( Norway ) and Bucharest ( Romania ), respectively. [ citation needed ]Fernando Argenta died of pancreatic cancer on 3 December 2013, aged 68, in Boadilla del Monte , Community of Madrid . This article about a Spanish journalist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_191"]] [20192, "The Millers River is a 52.1-mile-long (83.8\u00a0km) river in northern Massachusetts , originating in Ashburnham and joining the Connecticut River just downstream from Millers Falls, Massachusetts . Sections of the river are used for whitewater kayaking , and a section upriver is popular with flatwater racers (canoe racing) , and the river is known locally as a good place for pike fishing. The river was formerly known as Papacontuckquash , a Nipmuc word meaning \"split banks river\", from papahe (\"split\"), akun (\"bank\"), tekw (\"river\"), and esh , a plural marker. Papacontuckquash is cited as the name for the Miller's River, signed and witnessed by the Native leaders on the \"Indian Land Deeds for Hampshire County, Later Including Franklin . . . \", where it is also noted that this name is given on \"an ancient map\" in the collections of Williams College . Additionally, Papcontuckquash is given by Sonskqua Mishalisk, 17th century Pocumtuck leader, as the name for the Miller's River. Some have assigned \"Paquag\", \"Baqaug\", or \"Pacquoag\" as the name of the river. However, \"Paquoag\" refers to the location of the town of Athol . This identification was confirmed by Kchisogmo (Grand Chief) Henry Lorne Masta in 1932 as Pakwaik , meaning \"arrows place\", for the arrowwood ( Viburnum dentatum ) that grew there, used for making arrow shafts. The term Pachaug refers to \"clear water\" in Nipmuc for a creek and meadow in Squakheag, now Northfield , where the word displays the palatization of \"k\" that conforms to the northern and western dialect of Nipmuk, as indicated by Holly Gustafson in Nipmuk Grammar , and confirmed in Dr. Ives Goddard's \"The 'Loup' Languages of Western Massachusetts: The Dialectal Diversity of Southern New England Algonquian\", while Pacoag retains the unpalatized feature associated with Massachusett and Natick dialect and is associated on land documents with Rutland in Worcester County. The Millers River drains a total area of about 390 square miles (1,000\u00a0km 2 ), about 313 square miles (810\u00a0km 2 ) of which are in Massachusetts, with the remainder in New Hampshire . About 78 percent of the basin is forested, 11 percent is open land, 8 percent is wetland, and 3 percent contains urban areas. The watershed is made up of all or part of 17 municipalities, with a population of approximately 87,000 people. Population centers within the watershed are concentrated around Winchendon , Gardner , Athol , and Orange . Many wetlands in the basin indicate areas of former shallow lakes and ponds that have gradually been filled. There are a total of 107 lakes and ponds in the basin, 72 of which have an area of 10 acres (40,000\u00a0m 2 ) or more. Only one lake, 592-acre (2.40\u00a0km 2 ) Lake Monomonac in Winchendon, Massachusetts , and Rindge, New Hampshire , is larger than 500 acres (2.0\u00a0km 2 ). The Millers River formed at the end of the last glacial period when several glacial lakes joined and, eventually, drained into the Connecticut River. The river's headwaters are in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, and the headwaters of the North Branch are in Mountain Pond, at the western foot of the Wapack Range in New Ipswich, New Hampshire . The North Branch and the main stem of the river join in Winchendon, and the river flows westward to the Connecticut River. Major tributaries of the Millers River are Tarbell Brook , which enters about two miles west of Winchendon Center, the Otter River , which enters in Winchendon in Otter River State Forest , and the Tully River, which enters in Athol. These tributaries flow mainly through wetlands. Overall, the Millers River has a moderate gradient, averaging about 18 feet/mile from the headwaters area to the USGS streamflow-gaging station at Erving , a stream distance of about 43 miles (69\u00a0km).However, a 5-mile (8.0\u00a0km) reach of the Millers River through a wooded area between South Royalston and Athol (the \"Bear's Den\") has an average gradient of about 43 feet/mile, which is about five times the average for rivers in Massachusetts, and some of the most rugged and steep terrain of the state's central upland. The gradient of the tributary Otter River averages about 18 feet/mile for a distance of about 11.5 miles (18.5\u00a0km), and that of the East Branch Tully River, the major tributary of the Tully River, averages about 52 feet/mile over a distance of about 13 miles (21\u00a0km). The Birch Hill Dam is a flood control dam located on the Millers River in South Royalston, Massachusetts . It is a part of a network of flood control dams on tributaries of the Connecticut River. Completed in 1941 at a cost of US$4 million, Birch Hill Dam was one of the first dams the Army Corps of Engineers built in New England to prevent floods like those that devastated Athol and Orange in 1936 and 1938. It has a storage capacity of 16.3\u00a0billion US gallons (62,000,000\u00a0m 3 ). The Reservoir Regulation Team (RRT) is the \"nerve center\" for the New England flood control dams such as Birch Hill Dam. Using radio and satellite communications, RRT constantly monitors river levels and weather conditions that influence flood control decisions. Corps personnel, in conjunction with RRT, regulate the amount of water released downstream by raising or lowering the four 6\u00a0ft (1.8\u00a0m) by 12\u00a0ft (3.7\u00a0m) gates located in the gatehouse at the dam. In a time of high water, the gates are lowered in order to hold back the water, only to be released when downstream river conditions begin to recede. In April 1987, two storms dropped over 6 inches (150\u00a0mm) of rain, raising the water level to over 33 feet (10\u00a0m) at the dam, utilizing 80% of the storage capacity. It is estimated that Birch Hill Dam prevented over $9 million in damages to downstream property from this one storm. 42\u00b035\u203250\u2033N 72\u00b029\u203248\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 42.59722\u00b0N 72.49667\u00b0W \ufeff / 42.59722; -72.49667", ["2_192"]] [20194, "James Edward Hensley (born October 11, 1945) is a former NASCAR driver. With a career spanning 27 seasons in all three of NASCAR's elite divisions, Hensley may be best remembered for his Rookie of the Year award won in 1992, his 15th season in the series, and for his nine career Busch Series wins. He spent most of his career working as an oil truck driver in addition to racing. He was best known as being a substitute driver for many teams. Hensley's NASCAR career began in 1972, driving for famous owner Junie Donlavey in the No. 90 Ford . Both of his starts that season came at Martinsville Speedway , the track being just ten miles from Hensley's hometown of Ridgeway, VA . Though an engine failure in his first start relegated Hensley to a 33rd-place finish, he completed all but seven laps of the fall event, the Old Dominion 500 , to finish fifth. This would end up being Hensley's best finish in his 98 career Winston Cup Series races.Hensley competed again for Donlavey in the 1973 and 1974 Virginia 500 events, coming home in seventh and sixth places, respectively. For the 1974 Old Dominion 500 , Hensley drove the No. 02 Chevrolet owned by Russell Large, finishing 19th. Beginning in 1975, Hensley drove the No. 63 Chevrolet for part-time owner Billy Moyer, competing in both Martinsville races each year until 1977 and registering a top ten each season. It would be last Cup race for several years.In 1981, Hensley returned to the Winston Cup Series, driving in the fall Martinsville event for Cecil Gordon in the No. 24 Buick and bringing home a seventh-place result. Hensley raced in three events the next year\u2014both Martinsville races, along with the September event at Richmond , in D. K. Ulrich 's No. 40 Buick . That same year, Hensley also competed in the inaugural Busch Series season, competing in 11 events and recording four top five finishes. Hensley spent the 1983 season out of Cup and in the Busch Series, where in 29 starts, he registered 16 top ten finishes.For the next eight seasons, Hensley competed on-and-off in the Winston Cup Series and raced full-time in the Busch ranks. Behind the wheel of the No. 00 Oldsmobile in 1985, Hensley came home second in points, just 29 points behind champion Jack Ingram , after a season with three wins at Hickory , South Boston , and IRP . Hensley again finished second in points in 1987 driving the No. 5 Advance Auto Parts Buick for Sam Ard , starting and finishing first in the season finale at Martinsville for his only win of the season. Just four races later, Hensley won again at Martinsville in the 1988 Miller Classic .In 1989, Hensley drove 18 races in six different cars, recording a pole at Hickory in the No. 70 Dirt Devil Pontiac but finishing no better than sixth. In addition, he won his only career Winston Cup pole at Martinsville Speedway , filling in for Dale Earnhardt , who was unable to make it to the track at that time due to the effects of Hurricane Hugo . Earnhardt would drive the car at the race. The pole gave Hensley a berth in the 1990 Busch Clash , in which he started on the front row but fell back with mechanical issues. Hensley returned to victory lane the next season driving the No. 25 Crown Petroleum /Fast Fare Oldsmobile for Don Beverly, winning at Nazareth Speedway ; he followed that up in 1991 with a career-high three victories, winning at Martinsville, Hickory, and Rougemont .Hensley started the 1992 with the No. 25 Beverly Racing team, but they were unable to locate permanent sponsorship. They parted ways and Hensley moved to the Cup Series, driving the No. 66 TropArtic Ford Thunderbird for Cale Yarborough . Hensley ran in 22 races with four top-ten finishes with the group, and won Rookie of the Year honors at the age of 47, due to the other competitors that season running part-time schedules.He began 1993 in the No. 52 NAPA /Hurley Limo Ford for Jimmy Means , running the first three races of the year. He then spent most of the season driving the No. 7 car in place of the deceased Alan Kulwicki per Kulwicki's will. After the team was bought by Geoff Bodine , he drove one race for Richard Petty before closing the season in the No. 4 Eastman Kodak / Morgan-McClure Motorsports Chevrolet.Beginning in 1995, Hensley began to compete in the newly formed Craftsman Truck Series , driving in his first two seasons for owner Grier Lackey. His first full season was in the No. 30 Mopar Performance Dodge Ram in 1996, where he had five top-fives and a pole position. In 1997, however, Hensley joined Petty Enterprises , piloting the No. 43 Cummins Dodge in the next three seasons. At age 52 in 1998, Hensley found victory lane at Nashville and finished sixth in the final points standings. The next year, he finished first at Martinsville, recording what would be the last win of his career. That year, he made his final run in the Busch Series, filling in for Wayne Grubb .He was replaced at Petty, and signed with the No. 16 Team Rensi Motorsports Chevrolet Silverado group. With sponsorship coming from Lance Snacks , Mobile Max2, and eLink, he had eight top-ten finishes and finished thirteenth in points. He began 2001 without a ride, but ran a majority of the year filling in for Randy MacDonald in the No. 72 truck. Hensley retired after that season, and now works installing fire-service systems. ( key ) ( Bold \u2013 Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics \u2013 Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. *\u00a0\u2013 Most laps led. )( key ) ( Bold \u2013 Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics \u2013 Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. *\u00a0\u2013 Most laps led. )", ["2_194"]] [20199, "The Pont Marie is a bridge which crosses the Seine in Paris , France . The bridge links the \u00cele Saint-Louis to the quai de l'H\u00f4tel de Ville and is one of three bridges designed to allow traffic flow between the \u00cele Saint-Louis and the Left and Right banks of Paris . The Pont Marie links the Right Bank and is the counterpart of the Pont de la Tournelle which is built along the same line but serves to connect the \u00cele Saint-Louis with the Left Bank.The Pont Marie derives its name from the engineer Christophe Marie , who proposed its construction beginning in 1605 in order to augment and assist in the urbanisation of the \u00eele Saint-Louis . However the bridge was not actually approved for building by the king until 1614, at which point Louis XIII laid the first stone as part of a formal bridge building ceremony. :\u200a322 Following approval, the Pont Marie's construction was spread out over 20 years, from 1614 to 1635. :\u200a322 Thus, the bridge is one of the oldest bridges in Paris.In 1635 the bridge was opened to circulation. Following its construction, there were proposals to build houses along the bridge's span. :\u200a322 These proposals were countered by Christophe Marie, however approximately fifty were built regardless by carpenter Claude Dublet .On 1 March 1658 a flood occurred, :\u200a323 which caused the destruction of twenty houses that were built atop the structure and the deaths of about sixty people as well as the loss of two arches near to the \u00eele Saint-Louis side of the bridge. In 1660 a wooden bridge was rebuilt on the same spot, this time with a toll-booth which was designed to raise funds for the complete, stone renovation of the structure. This reconstruction was completed in 1670. In 1740, the remainder of the buildings atop the Pont Marie were removed and in 1769 all building atop the bridge was forbidden. In 1788, houses were barred from construction atop bridges throughout the city. :\u200a323Since the 18th century, the structure has seen little change aside from the flattening of its rise which did not alter the appearance.Each of the five arches of the Pont Marie is unique and that the niches in the abutments have never been filled with statues.Some years ago, excursion boat companies operating in Paris began to claim that the Pont Marie is a \"lovers' bridge\" beneath which it is an \"old tradition\" to kiss the person next to oneself and make a wish (several variants on this theme exist). However, there is no historical basis for such a \"tradition,\" even though it is now repeated without verification in an increasing number of tourist guides.", ["2_199"]] [20200, "Ralph E. Winters (June 17, 1909 \u2013 February 26, 2004) was a Canadian-born film editor who became one of the leading figures of this field in the American industry. After beginning on a series of B movies in the early 1940s, including several in the Dr. Kildare series, his first major film was George Cukor 's Victorian chiller Gaslight (1944).Winters won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for King Solomon's Mines (1950) (shared with Conrad A. Nervig ) and Ben-Hur (1959) (shared with John D. Dunning ). He received four additional nominations: Quo Vadis (1951), Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), The Great Race (1965) and Kotch (1971). Winters' other films included On the Town (1949), High Society (1956), Jailhouse Rock (1957) and The Thomas Crown Affair (1968).Winters had a notable collaboration with director Blake Edwards . Over 20 years, they collaborated on 12 films together, including The Pink Panther (1963), The Party (1968), 10 (1979) and Victor/Victoria (1982). His last film was the pirate epic Cutthroat Island in 1995.Winters had been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors , and in 1991, Winters received the organization's career achievement award . His memoir, Some Cutting Remarks: Seventy Years a Film Editor , was published in 2001. Based on Winters' filmography at the Internet Database.This article about an American film editor is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_200"]] [20204, "Imre F\u00f6ldi ( Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8imr\u025b \u02c8f\u00f8ldi] ; 8 May 1938 \u2013 23 April 2017) was a Hungarian weightlifter. Competing at a record of five Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in 1972 and silver medals in 1964 and 1968. During his career he set 21 world records, and after his retirement he coached his daughter to become a European champion. F\u00f6ldi earned numerous awards for his results and achievements, most notably he was named Weightlifter of the Century by the International Weightlifting Federation and was elected for Sportsperson of the Nation in Hungary. Born in Kecskem\u00e9t , Hungary , F\u00f6ldi lived in his hometown until he turned 17 as a half-orphan after he lost his mother in World War II . Subsequently, he moved to Tata to work as a hewer . His outstanding power was soon noticed and he became a weightlifter of Tatab\u00e1nyai B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz . In the same time, thanks to his coach's influence he was not allowed to work down in the mine anymore to prevent him from possible mining accidents. F\u00f6ldi first participated at miners' championships and in 1957 he already won his first Hungarian National Championships title. Two years later he took part in his first major international event, the 1959 World Weightlifting Championships , where placed third in bantamweight. He won his first title at the 1962 European Championships, held in front of a home crowd in Budapest. Until 1971 he added four more golds to his medals tally (1963, 1968, 1970, 1971). F\u00f6ldi won a silver medal at the 1970 World Championships, but this result was annulled after a positive doping test. After winning three world championships silver medals in a row, F\u00f6ldi finally won the world title in 1965, an achievement he repeated in 1972. He participated at his first Olympics in 1960, where he finished sixth. This was followed by two close silver medals. In 1964 he fell short to Aleksey Vakhonin after a dramatic battle. F\u00f6ldi had a lead of 2.5\u00a0kg after snatch and clean and press and when he set a new world record in clean and jerk (135\u00a0kg) he was already celebrated as winner. However, Vakhonin lifted 142.5\u00a0kg thus beating F\u00f6ldi by 2.5\u00a0kg and pushing him to the second place. Four year later at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City F\u00f6ldi came even closer to the gold, losing only on body weight \u2013 both him and his opponent Mohammad Nassiri ended with an overall result of 367.5\u00a0kg, which was a new world record; however, Nassiri was 300 grams lighter thus he was awarded the Olympic title. F\u00f6ldi eventually reached the top in 1972 when he won the Olympic gold medal \u2013 and doubled it as a World Championships title \u2013 in front of his main opponent Nassiri. In the press, both F\u00f6ldi and Nassiri lifted 127.5 kg for a tied Olympic record. In the snatch, F\u00f6ldi raised 107.5 kg and built up a slight advantage over Nassiri (105.0\u00a0kg). In his first clean & jerk attempt, Nassiri raised 142.5\u00a0kg, 5\u00a0kg better than F\u00f6ldi; he next tried 152.5\u00a0kg, bit failed all of his remaining attempts. F\u00f6ldi, on the other hand, lifted 142.5 kg, setting a world record in the total at 377.5\u00a0kg and winning the gold medal. F\u00f6ldi made his final Olympic appearance in 1976 in Montreal , where he became the first weightlifter to compete in five Olympics , a record that would only be matched by Germans Ingo Steinhofel and Ronny Weller 28 years later. Aged 38, he placed fifth. Following an injury next year he ended his career, during which he set 21 world and 50 national records, and collected 13 national titles. After his retirement, F\u00f6ldi remained loyal to Tatab\u00e1nya, his only club during his active career, and took a coaching position. His daughter Csilla F\u00f6ldi became a European champion in weightlifting. F\u00f6ldi's achievements were recognized already during his career, as he was awarded the Silver Badge of the Order of Labour , an order in the Communist Hungary in 1962 and 1964. In 1972, the year he became Olympic champion, he was given the Golden Badge of the Order of Labour . In 1993 he was inducted to the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame . In the same year he was awarded the Middle Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary , just to receive the Officer's Cross of the same decoration a year later. In 2000 he was voted Weightlifter of the Century in Hungary, and in 2005 he earned the same recognition of the International Weightlifting Federation as well. In 2003 he became honorary citizen of Tatab\u00e1nya, and since 2009 the local sports hall also bears his name. In 2013, the Imre F\u00f6ldi Sports Scholarship was created in order to support Tatab\u00e1nya-based top athletes. On 31 January 2007, following the death of Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s , F\u00f6ldi was elected a Sportsperson of the Nation ( A Nemzet Sportol\u00f3ja ), a special honor, that can have only 12 people at a time, is awarded for those of Hungarian sportspeople over 60, who produced outstanding achievements during their active career and played a key role in the domestic sports after their retirement as well. ", ["2_204"]] [20205, "Alkabo is an unincorporated community in Divide County , North Dakota , United States. Alkabo is located on the Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad , 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) west-southwest of Fortuna . The Alkabo School , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is located in Alkabo. The name is a portmanteau of alkali and gumbo , two types of soil found in the area. This North Dakota location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_205"]] [20206, "President's College is a senior secondary school located in Golden Grove, East Coast Demerara , Guyana . Students can enter the school through the National Grade Six Assessment and the lower sixth form in the academic performance of the student at the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate. President's College, opened in 1985, was founded by the late president of Guyana Forbes Burnham , who launched the project in 1983 but died before the school opened.Students used to be selected from the top two percent of candidates in the Secondary School Entrance Examination (SSEE) and subjected to an evaluation process including interviews with school personnel. Now students are allowed to transfer into President's College and preference is given to those from more remote areas. The school allows students to attend without being residential, thereby functioning as a boarding and a day school .On April 26, 2004, a large fire destroyed the boys' dormitory resulting in $45 million\u2013$100 million in property damage but no injuries or fatalities. As a result of the fire, more than 100 students had to find alternative housing, usually off-campus. Reconstruction was started a year later but was delayed due to the floods of 2005. In June 2006, the Ministry of Education announced a new plan for rebuilding the dormitory and blamed their current contractor for the delays.6\u00b044\u203233\u2033N 57\u00b059\u203205\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 6.74254\u00b0N 57.98466\u00b0W \ufeff / 6.74254; -57.98466This article about a school in South America is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Guyana article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_206"]] [20207, "Prickly Pear is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean . Even though the island doesn't have permanent residents, it has a quiet beach bar called SandBox Bar and Grill and recreational water sports facility on it. It is located on the north side of North Sound, opposite Virgin Gorda . The island was declared to be a National Park in 1988. The island provides habitat for the common Puerto Rican ameiva ( Ameiva exsul ), crested anole ( Anolis cristatellus wileyae ), barred anole ( Anolis stratulus ), and the big-scaled least gecko ( Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis ). The island's flora includes agave ( Agave missionum ), and copperwood ( Bursera simarouba ). This British Virgin Islands location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_207"]] [20208, "The Impeccable -class ocean surveillance ship is a single-ship class of United States Navy special mission-support ship . The original intention was to build six undersea ocean-surveillance ships carrying a SURTASS passive towed array and a Low Frequency Active transducer array. Only the lead ship, USNS Impeccable (T-AGOS-23) , was built. On March 28, 1991, Tampa Shipyards was awarded the contract to build the first ship of the class, the USNS Impeccable (T-AGOS-23) . The keel was laid on March 15, 1992. However, before the ship was completed, Tampa Shipyards went bankrupt , and construction of the rest of the ship class was cancelled. The Chief of Naval Operations for the United States Navy asserted the requirement to finish the initial ship. The incomplete hull was towed to Gulfport , Mississippi in 1995, where it was completed by Halter Marine Inc. Impeccable was officially launched on November 1, 2000. A second ship, the USNS Integrity (T-AGOS-24) , was planned. However, the contract was never awarded. and the other four ships were never named.The Impeccable class is similar in appearance to the much smaller four ship Victorious class , led by the USNS Victorious (T-AGOS-19) . Both classes are SWATH type ships.The ships perform a similar surveillance function to the older 18-ship Stalwart class , whose lead ship is the USNS Stalwart (T-AGOS-1) . The Stalwart class is not a SWATH hull, but a modified oceangoing tug.", ["2_208"]] [20212, "The Goyeneche Palace in Nuevo Bazt\u00e1n , Community of Madrid , Spain, is an eighteenth-century palace with a linked church. It was designed by Jos\u00e9 de Churriguera , an architect known for a profusely decorated style known as Churrigueresque . The church's interior is an example of this baroque style, whereas the exterior is less ornate. The building is one of a number of palaces in Spain and Peru which are associated with the Goyeneche family. Nuevo Bazt\u00e1n was built as a model village by Juan de Goyeneche (1656\u20131735) to accommodate industrial and agricultural projects.The dedication of the church to Saint Francis Xavier reflects the Navarrese origins of the Goyeneche family.Since the 1940s the palace and church have been protected for their historical interest. They currently have the heritage listing of Bien de Inter\u00e9s Cultural along with two squares which form their setting.\nIn 2007 it was reported that the palace was in a poor state of conservation. There have been proposals to restore the palace for use as an art gallery, although the project appears to have been put on hold. The idea was a collaboration between the Community of Madrid and the art-collector Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza who indicated her willingness to display items from her private collection on long-term loan. The palace has extensive cellars built for storage purposes and these are used to house an interpretation centre. There are also guided tours of the palace itself. 40\u00b021\u203258\u2033N 3\u00b014\u203235\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 40.36611\u00b0N 3.24306\u00b0W \ufeff / 40.36611; -3.24306", ["2_212"]] [20217, "The Kyocera Echo (sometimes referred to as Sprint Echo ) is a smartphone manufactured by Kyocera of Japan, and distributed by Sprint in the United States. It runs the Google Android operating system. It was announced by Sprint on 7 February 2011, and released for sale 17 April 2011. It is unusual in having two 3.5-inch screens that, when juxtaposed in \"tablet mode\" create one 4.7-inch screen. Sprint claims it as the \"first dual-screen smart phone\". When using the device, the screens can be used in four modes:", ["2_217"]] [20219, "The discography of Kerry Ellis , a British stage actress and singer, consists of one studio album , one extended play , three cast recordings , and five singles . Her debut album Anthems was released in September 2010. ", ["2_219"]] [20220, "HMS Tantivy was a British submarine of the third group of the T class . It was built as P319 by Vickers Armstrong , Barrow , and launched on 6 April 1943. So far it has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Tantivy . Tantivy served in the Far East for much of its wartime career, where it sank a Siamese sailing vessel, the Japanese merchant cargo ship Shiretoko Maru , the Japanese communications vessel No. 137 , the Japanese barge No. 136 , the Japanese motor sailing vessel Tachibana Maru No.47 , a Japanese tug, two Japanese coasters, a Japanese sailing vessel, the small Japanese vessels Chokyu Maru No.2 , Takasago Maru No.3 , and Otori Maru , and twelve small unidentified vessels (all pretty well undefended and peaceable). It laid numerous mines.It survived the war and continued in service with the Navy, finally being sunk as an anti-submarine target in the Cromarty Firth in 1951. ", ["2_220"]] [20221, "USS Melucta (AK-131) was a Crater -class cargo ship , converted from a Liberty Ship , commissioned by the US Navy for service in World War II . She was first named after Thomas A. McGinley , the president of the Duff-Norton Manufacturing Co. , and inventor of an improved high-speed screw jack and lifting machinery. She was renamed and commissioned after Melucta , a star in the constellation Gemini . She was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the war zone. Thomas A. McGinley was laid down on 21 January 1944, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2470, by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company , Jacksonville , Florida; she was sponsored by Mrs. Thomas A. McGinley, the widow of the namesake, and launched 20 March 1944. She was acquired by the US Navy as Melucta from WSA under bareboat charter 31 March 1944; converted from a freighter by Gibbs Gas Engine Co. , Jacksonville; and commissioned 22 July 1944. Following shakedown off Norfolk, Virginia , Melucta , was assigned to Naval Transportation Service , 17 August, for cargo carrying duties along the U.S. East Coast into the fall. By 10 November, she was en route to the Marshalls , towing USS Cinnabar (IX-163) to Pearl Harbor , before continuing on to Ebon Atoll . The cargo ship operated in the South Pacific Ocean for the next year. Melucta steamed to San Francisco , California, in May 1945, for repairs and reloading, departing the first week of June. In mid October she got underway for the U.S. East Coast via the Panama Canal Zone , arriving Norfolk, Virginia, 28 November. Melucta was decommissioned there 13 December, and was delivered to War Shipping Administration 5 days later. Her name reverted to Thomas A. McGinley , and she entered the James River Reserve Fleet , in Lee Hall , Virginia. She was struck from the Navy List 3 January 1946. She was sold for scrapping to Revalorizacion de Materiales, SA , on 24 March 1970, for $106,500. She was withdrawn from the fleet on 20 July 1970. No battle stars are indicated for Melucta in current Navy accounts. However, her crew was eligible for the following medals:", ["2_221"]] [20222, "H\u00f6chsterw\u00fcnschtes Freudenfest (Most highly desired festival of joy), BWV 194 , [ a ] is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach . He composed it in Leipzig for dedication of the church and organ at St\u00f6rmthal on 2 November 1723. The cantata text was written by an anonymous poet, including two stanzas of Johann Heermann 's hymn \" Treuer Gott, ich mu\u00df dir klagen \" (1630) and two stanzas of Paul Gerhardt 's \" Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe \" (1647). Bach used an earlier secular cantata as a base for a structure in two parts of six movements each, beginning with an extended choral movement and concluding both parts with chorale stanzas . The inner movements are alternating recitatives and arias . The chorales are the only movements which were certainly newly composed for the occasion. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of three oboes, bassoon, strings and continuo. After the first performance in St\u00f6rmthal, Bach performed the cantata again in Leipzig for Trinity Sunday , first on 4 June 1724, a shortened version in 1726, and the complete version in 1731.The first known performance of the cantata was at St\u00f6rmthal , a village near Leipzig. The church there had been rebuilt, and a new organ been built on a commission by Statz Friedrich von Fullen . The organ was an early work by Zacharias Hildebrandt . Von Fullen requested an approval of the instrument from Johann Sebastian Bach , who was then Thomaskantor in Leipzig. Bach was satisfied and composed this cantata for the dedication service for the church and the organ on 2 November 1723. The text deals with the inauguration of the church. The organ has no solo function in the cantata. The cantata text was written by an anonymous poet, who took Solomon 's prayer for the dedication of the temple as a starting point to reflect the church as the house of God. Frequent Biblical references throughout the text suggest that the author was a theologian. He included as movement 6, ending Part I, stanzas 6 and 7 of Johann Heermann 's hymn \" Treuer Gott, ich mu\u00df dir klagen \" (1630), and as the closing chorale, stanzas 9 and 10 of Paul Gerhardt 's \" Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe \" (1647). Scholars such as John Eliot Gardiner assume that Bach based the cantata on a lost work ( BWV 194a ), probably composed at K\u00f6then for an unknown occasion. The music of movements 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 is lost, and only instrumental parts of the other movements are extant. Bach added the chorales for the 1723 dedication service. H\u00f6chsterw\u00fcnschtes Freudenfest shows musical similarities also to Preise, Jerusalem, den Herrn , BWV 119 , written for the inauguration of the Leipzig town council a few weeks earlier. Bach led the first performance at the dedication service in St\u00f6rmthal. The printed text mentions Bach as \"Hochf\u00fcrstl. Anhalt-C\u00f6thenischen Capell-Meister, auch Directore Chori musici Lipsiensis\" ( Kapellmeister to the Prince of Anhalt-K\u00f6then and Director of the Choir at Leipzig), referring to his appointments in the service of Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-K\u00f6then . The organ of St\u00f6rmthal is notable as one of few such instruments still mostly unaltered since Bach's time. A restorer in 1934 remarked that it was tuned about a whole tone lower than 440 , which may account for the unusually high vocal ranges . Bach demanded \"top Cs\" from the sopranos, which is unique in his sacred cantatas. The organ part prepared for the Leipzig revival is notated a minor third lower than the other instruments. Bach revived the cantata for performances in Leipzig for Trinity Sunday . The prescribed readings for Trinity were Romans 11:33\u201336 , and John 3:1\u201315 , the meeting of Jesus and Nicodemus . The general topic and even an \"invocation of the Trinity \" in movement 6 made for an easy transition. On 4 June 1724, Bach concluded his first cantata cycle with this work. On 16 June 1726, he presented a shortened version, with movements appearing in the order 12, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10. The 12-movement version was again performed on 20 May 1731. Bach structured the cantata in two parts of six movements each. It is scored for three vocal soloists ( soprano (S), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir ( SATB ), and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of three oboes (Ob), bassoon (Fg), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo . In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe . The keys and time signatures are taken from the Bach scholar Alfred D\u00fcrr , using the symbol for common time (4/4). The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.The music has an often dance-like character. All recitatives, the majority of the solo movements, are secco , accompanied only by the continuo. Most of them are followed by an aria performed by the same voice type.Part I begins with a chorus in the style of a French overture with a solemn opening and a fast fugal central section. The bass sings a recitative and an aria, accompanied by solo oboe and strings. The soprano sings a modulating recitative and an aria in the style of a gavotte . A four-part harmonization of the chorale ends the first part. Part II begins with the tenor singing a recitative and a da capo aria in a minor mode , characterized by its extensive use of dotted rhythms. A dialogue recitative for bass and soprano leads to a duet aria with oboes and continuo. After a declamatory bass recitative, the work ends with another four-part chorale setting. The entries are taken from the listing on the Bach Cantatas Website. Ensembles with period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.", ["2_222"]] [20223, "Lake Sarapococha or Lake Sarapacocha (possibly from Quechua qucha lake), is a lake in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru . It is located in the Lima Region , Cajatambo Province , Copa District . It lies at the foot of the Sarapo (or Sarapa), south-west of it. Sarapococha is situated at a height of about 4,495 metres (14,747\u00a0ft), about 0.63\u00a0km long and 0.28\u00a0km at its widest point. This Peruvian geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_223"]] [20225, "Don Gregorio Pela\u00e9z Sports Complex is a group of sports facilities in Cagayan de Oro . This sports center was built in 1969 and hosted the first Palarong Pambansa in Mindanao in 1975. It is the oldest sports park in Northern Mindanao and it first opened its door to baseball and basketball in 1970. Also, the stadium was the largest in Mindanao since 1998 after its renovation. It has a seating capacity of 20,000. ", ["2_225"]] [20226, "William DeWolf Hopper (March 30, 1858\u00a0\u2013\u00a0September 23, 1935) was an American actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer. A star of vaudeville and musical theater , he became best known for performing the popular baseball poem \" Casey at the Bat \". Hopper was born William D'Wolf Hopper :\u200a5 in New York City, the son of John Hopper (born 1815) and Rosalie D'Wolf (born 1827). His father was a wealthy Quaker lawyer and his mother came from a noted Colonial family . His paternal grandfather Isaac Hopper was a Philadelphia Quaker, and conductor of the Philadelphia station of the Underground Railroad . Though his parents intended that he become a lawyer, Hopper did not enjoy that profession. :\u200a10 Hopper was called Willie as a child, and then Will or Wolfie, but when he set out on an acting career he chose his more distinguished middle name as his stage name. It was modified to \"DeWolf\" because of the frequency that it was mispronounced \"Dwolf\". :\u200a9\u201310He made his stage debut in New Haven, Connecticut , October 2, 1878. Originally, he wanted to be a serious actor, but at 6' 5\" (196\u00a0cm) and 230 pounds, he was too large for most dramatic roles. He had a loud bass singing voice, however, and made his mark in musicals, beginning in Harrigan and Hart's company. He achieved the status of leading man in The Black Hussar (1885) and appeared in the hit Erminie in 1887. Eventually, he starred in more than thirty Broadway musicals, including Castles in the Air (1890), Wang (1891) , Panjandrum (1893) , John Philip Sousa 's El Capitan (1896), and Reginald De Koven 's Happyland . The role that he remembered with greatest pleasure was Old Bill in The Better 'Ole (1919).Known for his comic talents, Hopper popularized many comic songs and appeared in a number of Gilbert and Sullivan comic \"patter\" roles from 1911 to 1915, including The Mikado , Patience , and H.M.S. Pinafore . A lifelong baseball enthusiast and New York Giants fan , he first performed Ernest Thayer 's then-unknown poem \" Casey at the Bat \" to the Giants and Chicago Cubs the day his friend, Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Tim Keefe had his record 19-game winning streak stopped, August 14, 1888. Hopper helped make the comic poem famous and was often called upon to give his colorful, melodramatic recitation, which he did about 10,000 times in his booming voice, reciting it during performances and as part of curtain calls, and on radio . He released a recorded version on phonograph record in 1906, and recited the poem in a short film made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process in 1923.It was in The Black Hussar that Hopper first incorporated a baseball theme that drew notice in the sporting press. To accompany a song with a baseball stanza, \"Mr. Hopper enacts the pitcher, Mr. [Digby] Bell, with a bird cage on his head and boxing gloves on his hands, plays catcher, while Mme. [Mathilde] Cottrelly handles a diminutive bat as striker and endeavors to make a 'home run.'\"In 1889, Hopper became founding president of the Actors' Amateur Athletic Association of America. Back in 1886, besides organizing a regular ball team among actors, he played in a benefit game for a demented playwright. The following year, he helped organize an actor's benefit for a sick young actress. In the first inning, someone presented him with an eight-inch sunflower.Also in 1889, Bell, Hopper and fellow McCaull Comic Opera Company actor Jefferson De Angelis were doing the following skit for their third encore in Boccaccio. Bell returns \"with a bat in his hand, followed by DeWolf Hopper and De Angelis. The latter has a ball, and as Hopper takes the bat in hand and Bell acts as catcher the former goes through the customary contortion act in pitching, and as Hopper hits the ball he runs off the stage, as if running the bases, and presently returns chased by De Angelis, who passes the ball to Bell as catcher just as Hopper makes a big slide for home base. The slider tumbles Bell, and when he rises from the somersault all three yell out to the audience for judgment [a ruling], and go off kicking like Anson and [New York captain Buck] Ewing. It is a rich gag and takes immediately\", the Brooklyn Eagle said.That year, Bell called Hopper \"the biggest baseball crank that ever lived. Physically, of course, he is a corker, but when I say big I mean big morally and intellectually. Why, he goes up to the baseball [Polo] grounds at One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street after the matinees on Saturday, and he travels this six miles simply to see, perhaps, the two final innings, and any one can imagine the rapidity with which he must scrape off the makeup and get into his street clothes in order to secure even this much. But he says the Garrison finishes are worth it, and he is perfectly right. Hopper always was a baseball crank, long before the public knew anything about it.\"Bald from childhood (he had alopecia ), Hopper wore wigs both on and offstage. In later years, a reaction to harsh medicines that he took for throat problems gave his skin a bluish tinge. Regardless, his powerful voice and great sense of humor seemed an attraction to women all his life. With an insatiable appetite for young actresses, he left a long trail of six wives and countless mistresses in his wake, he became known by the nickname \"The Husband of His Country.\"Hopper also appeared in several silent motion pictures , two examples being Don Quixote (1915) and Casey at the Bat (1916). Hopper also appeared in a few short sound films , including one in 1923 when he actually recites Casey at the Bat in an experimental sound film produced by Lee De Forest 's Phonofilm process. [ citation needed ] Hopper was a part of the Triangle Film Corporation , which he described as \u201cthe first great flourish\u201d of a \u201cprattling, infant industry\u201d. He made a Broadway appearance in White Lilacs (1928). He then did Radio City Music Hall Inaugural (1932), and played Dr. Gustave Ziska in The Monster (1933). At the time of his death, he was in Kansas City, Missouri , making a radio appearance. His funeral was at the Little Church Around the Corner, in New York City His autobiography, Once a Clown, Always a Clown , written with the assistance of Wesley W. Stout, was published in 1927.All of Hopper's marriages ended in divorce.", ["2_226"]] [20228, "Kikowo [ki\u02c8k\u0254v\u0254] (German: Kieckow ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo , within Bia\u0142ogard County , West Pomeranian Voivodeship , in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4\u00a0mi) south of Tychowo , 24\u00a0km (15\u00a0mi) south-east of Bia\u0142ogard , and 124\u00a0km (77\u00a0mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin . For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania .The village has a population of 220.This Bia\u0142ogard County location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_228"]] [20229, "The Border Whirlwind is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by John P. McCarthy and written by Enid Hibbard . The film stars Bob Custer , Sally Long , Josef Swickard , Wilbur Higby , Winifred Landis, and Philip Sleeman. The film was released on November 15, 1926, by Film Booking Offices of America . This 1920s Western film\u2013related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a silent film is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_229"]] [20232, "\" Mother, Here's Your Boy! \" is a World War I song written and composed by Sidney D. Mitchell , Archie Gottler , and Theodore Morse . This song was published in 1918 by Leo. Feist, Inc., in New York, NY .\nThe sheet music cover depicts Uncle Sam presenting a returning soldier to his mother with the Statue of Liberty and ships in the background. The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library . This 1910s song article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_232"]] [20234, "Plitvica is a river in northern Croatia , a right tributary of Drava . It is 65 kilometres (40\u00a0mi) long and its basin covers an area of 272 square kilometres (105\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Plitvica rises in the hilly areas of Maceljsko gorje , near of the eponymous village of Plitvica Vo\u0107anska , near Donja Vo\u0107a . It flows southeast until it turns east near Maru\u0161evec , and continues through the lowland south of Vara\u017edin and parallel to Drava, through Sveti \u0110ur\u0111 (north of Ludbreg ), until it merges into Drava north of Veliki Bukovec .This Vara\u017edin County geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article related to a river in Croatia is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_234"]] [20236, "His Lordship's Kindness , also known as Poplar Hill , is a historic plantation estate on Woodyard Road east of Clinton, Maryland . It was built in the 1780s for Prince George's County planter Robert Darnall. The five-part Georgian mansion retains a number of subsidiary buildings including a slave's hospital and a dovecote . The property is now operated as a museum by a local nonprofit preservation group. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970. Colonel Henry Darnall was granted 7,000 acres (28\u00a0km 2 ) of land in Prince George's County, Maryland in 1703 by Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore , which Darnall named in recognition of Lord Baltimore's gesture. Darnall built a house for his family on a nearby property, known as The Woodyard , between 1683 and 1711.On Henry Darnall's death in 1711, the properties passed to his son, Henry Darnall II , who was forced to dispose of much of his father's accumulated 35,000 acres (140\u00a0km 2 ) of property to clear his debts before leaving the country. His son, Henry Darnall III received the remaining 1,300 acres (5.3\u00a0km 2 ) from his father, including 300 acres (1.2\u00a0km 2 ) of the original grant with a mansion, which became known as Poplar Hill by the 1740s. Henry III, however, was found in 1761 to be embezzling money from one of his appointed positions, causing a bond to be forfeited and for fines to be paid by Henry's guarantors, his brother John Darnall, and Charles Carroll of Annapolis . Henry III's brother Robert Darnall found the means to buy back the original grant and replaced the original house with the present structure, completed in 1786. Darnall, who died childless in 1803, left the property to his nephew Robert Sewall. Sewall in turn left the property to his son Robert Darnall Sewall. The son in turn left the property to two nieces, Susan and Ellen Daingerfield of Alexandria, Virginia , in 1853. In 1865 Susan Daingerfield married future US Senator John Strode Barbour .Through the next hundred years, the property passed through a number of hands, including David K.E. Bruce , Chandler Hale , and the Catholic Archdiocese of Washington . His Lordship's Kindness is a five-part ensemble with a hipped-roof central block measuring 56 feet (17\u00a0m) wide by 48 feet (15\u00a0m) deep. The central block is 2\u00bd stories tall, with dormers in the rear elevation. It is connected to two -1/2 story end pavilions by single-story hyphens . The eastern pavilion contained the kitchen, while a chapel was located in the west pavilion. The kitchen was renovated as a study in the 1920s but retained an interior balcony. The main block features a projecting bay containing the recessed entry door with fanlight, pilasters and pediment, and a large Palladian window on the second story. The facade's other windows have stone sills and flat arch lintels. The rear, or garden elevation is similarly composed, but lacks the projecting bay, and the door is less elaborately detailed. A center hall extends from the front to the garden doors. Narrow lateral halls run out to the wings, and with the center hall, subdivide the first floor into four rooms. The center hall is bisected by a wide arch, with the main stairway to the rear on the east side. The plan of the first floor is repeated on the second, with four bedrooms. The John M. and Sara R. Walton Foundation own and operate the property as a historic house museum. Guided tours of the historic house are offered from March through December. The facilities are available for rental.", ["2_236"]] [20238, "Toyama Bay ( \u5bcc\u5c71\u6e7e , Toyama-wan ) is a bay located on the northern shores of the Hokuriku region of Honshu , Japan on the Sea of Japan . The bay borders Toyama and Ishikawa prefectures. The bay is known for the mirages on the horizon during the winter months and for being a spawning ground for the firefly squid . It is also one of Japan's three largest bays. Parts of the bay are within the borders of the Noto Hant\u014d Quasi-National Park . Kurobe River , J\u014dganji River , Jinz\u016b River , Sh\u014d River , etc.", ["2_238"]] [20241, "Women's football in Norway is one of the traditional powers of women's football. The Norwegian Women's Football Championship is a tournament reserved for women's football teams divided into six levels, consisting of a national championship in the top three under the management of the Norwegian Football Association (NFF), while the lower ones are managed by various regional associations. Toppserien is the biggest football division in Norway by importance and is followed by the 1st division hierarchy. The Norwegian football system consists of a series of alloys linked to each other by hierarchy through promotions and relegations. In each division the teams face an Italian round with round-trip matches. Three points are assigned to the winning team, one point for each team in the event of a draw and zero points for the losing team. Women's football has been played in Norway as early as 1928. M\u00e5lfrid Kuv\u00e5s is widely considered the mother of women's Norwegian football and was instrumental in getting the ban of women's football in Norway reversed. The Norwegian Football Federation (NFF) first officially recognised women's football in 1976 and the first national team was established two years later with Per Pettersen becoming Norway's first manager. The first ever win for the female national side came against Northern Ireland and the first major achievement came in 1987 when they won the European Championship after beating Sweden in the final. The highest level is the Toppserien , a division consisting of 12 teams, which assigns the champion title of Norway. From the Toppserien they are relegated to 1. division the teams ranked at the last two places of the final standings. The second level is represented by the 1st division, created in 1996 and consisting of 12 teams. The first two classifieds of the 1st. division are promoted in Toppserien, while the last two are back in 2nd division. The third level is represented by the 2nd division, consisting of groups with a variable number of up to 12 teams each, geographically divided. The winning teams of the nine groups, the first two of only group 1, are facing to define the two teams promoted in 1. division, while the relegations are individually managed by the regional associations.The Norway women's national football team, organised by the Football Association of Norway , have a history of success on the international stage, winning both the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup and the gold medal at the 2000 Olympics . In 2017 the Football Association decided that men and women will get equal pay . ", ["2_241"]] [20243, "Elon College Historic District is a national historic district located on the campus of Elon University at Elon , Alamance County, North Carolina . It encompasses 6 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object that form the historic core of the Elon College campus. They are the West Dormitory (1907), and five buildings built between 1923\u20131927 which form an H-shaped complex: Alamance Building, Whitley Auditorium, Carlton Library, Duke Science Building, and Mooney Building. The object is a monument erected in 1929. All of the buildings are three-story red brick buildings of Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival design. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. This article about a property in Alamance County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_243"]] [20244, "USS DeKalb (ID-3010) was the German mail ship Prinz Eitel Friedrich that served during the early part of the First World War as an auxiliary cruiser ( Hilfkreuzer ) in the Imperial German Navy and later after the US entry into the war, as a US Navy troop ship . Post war she returned to civilian service as the US transatlantic liner SS Mount Clay . The ship was a North German Lloyd (NDL) mail ship and ocean liner built by AG Vulcan , Stettin , Germany, and launched on 18 June 1904 as Prinz Eitel Friedrich . NDL had ordered her for the German Mail route between Germany and the Far East, for which she began her maiden voyage on 13 October. When the First World War broke out on 1 August 1914 she was in Shanghai , China and was ordered to Tsingtao in the then German Kiaochow Bay concession . There she was quickly converted to an auxiliary cruiser for the Imperial German Navy by transferring the guns and crews of the German gunboats SMS Tiger and SMS Luchs to Prinz Eitel Friedrich . For the next seven months she operated on the high seas with Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spee 's squadron off South American and then as a detached commerce raider . She sank or captured eleven ships in the Pacific and the South Atlantic . Among these was the schooner William P. Frye , captured on 27 January 1915 and scuttled the next day, the first U.S. flagged vessel sunk in World War I. On 11 March 1915 Prinz Eitel Friedrich , now low on supplies and burdened by over 300 prisoners, arrived at Newport News, Virginia . Allied warships were lying outside US waters and to avoid them she exceeded the time limit under international law for a combatant ship to remain in a neutral port. As a result, the US authorities interned her. Later she was moved, still under the German flag, to Philadelphia Navy Yard . On 11 April another NDL liner that had been operating as an auxiliary cruiser, Kronprinz Wilhelm , was interned alongside her. When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, US Customs officials seized her and she was transferred to the US Navy . She was reconditioned and refitted as a troop transport and renamed USS DeKalb after General Baron Johann de Kalb . She was commissioned 12 May 1917. DeKalb was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force , Atlantic Fleet , and on 14 June 1917 sailed in the convoy carrying the first troops of the American Expeditionary Forces to France . Unlike the other transports with Army troops embarked, DeKalb transported United States Marine Corps , 5th Regiment of Marines. In the next 18 months DeKalb made 11 such voyages, carrying 11,334 soldiers safely. Among these was the First Marine Aviation Force who flew the day wing bombers of the Northern Bombing Group . With the end of the war, DeKalb continued her transport duty returning 20,332 troops from Europe in eight voyages. On 6 September 1919 she was turned over to the Commandant, 3rd Naval District. DeKalb was decommissioned 22 September 1919 and returned to the United States Shipping Board for disposal the following day. She returned to civilian control, initially as DeKalb and, after 1920, as Mount Clay . The ship was acquired by W. Averell Harriman and included with ten previous ships acquired from the Kerr Navigation Company in a name change so that all were prefixed with an American mountain and thus renamed Mount Clay . The ship was specially modified by Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company to be a third class only (described as \"first class steerage\") immigrant ship for the United American Line of New York. The ship was gutted by fire, which began early 15 December 1919, while on the Hudson River at Spuyten Duyvil . Lt. Cmdr. William A. Willetts and his crew were rescued by a tugboat , and it took fireboats several hours to quell the blaze. During the rebuilding extensive tearing out of damaged decking, plating, and dismantling and rebuilding of deck structures was undertaken. The intent of the conversion was to carry the maximum passenger load while offering passengers better conditions than usually found on immigrant ships and \"steerage\" class. The passenger spaces were to be well ventilated with forced draft air flow, more deck space allocated to passengers and larger and more attractive public rooms provided. Passenger accommodation was in two to six person cabins that included luxuries not usually found in such ships that included washstands, mattresses and linens. A kosher abattoir and galley was furnished for the ship's Jewish passengers. Due to a capacity of 1,452 passengers and crew of 211, special attention had to be focused on life boats. Fourteen sets of Welin davits were fitted to each side with a variety of lifeboats and some rafts with a capacity for 1,663 persons, 1,613 in boats. In February 1921 Mount Clay inaugurated a new first class mail delivery system for mail to Germany in which mail planes would meet the ship at Cuxhaven for transfer of special bags for air delivery within Germany. On 9 February 1921 Mount Clay stood by and rescued the crew and ship's cat from the sinking freighter Bombardier about four hundred miles southeast of Halifax . The sinking ship's radio operator, Edward Herno, had worked hours to make repairs and get the SOS out as the wireless had been severely damaged in the storm and wreck. All but two of Bombardier ' s lifeboats had been destroyed so one of the Mount Clay boats launched to assist. Mount Clay made the initial voyage as an immigrant ship on Christmas Day 1920 (Marine Review) or 26 December (DANFS). The ship's last westbound voyage was from Hamburg via Queenstown, Ireland to New York on 15 October 1925. She was then laid up until 1934 when she was scrapped. ", ["2_244"]] [20245, "Kubalin [ku\u02c8balin] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mosina , within Pozna\u0144 County , Greater Poland Voivodeship , in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5\u00a0mi) north-east of Mosina and 12\u00a0km (7\u00a0mi) south of the regional capital Pozna\u0144 . This Pozna\u0144 County location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_245"]] [20246, "Sun Duoci ( Chinese : \u5b59\u591a\u6148 ; 1912 \u2013 March 1975) was a Chinese artist. Famous for her oil paintings, sketches and ink and wash works, she was an accomplished artist, as well as a calligrapher and writer. One of her pieces has sold at auction for more than $100,000. She was taught by the well-known artist Xu Beihong , who regarded her as a \"painter of genius\" and had an affair with her. Sun was born in Shou County , Anhui province in 1912 to educated and middle-class parents. Her original name was Sun Yunjun ( Chinese : \u5b59\u97f5\u541b ). Her grandfather Sun Nai was a key minister in the late Qing dynasty. He was the first minister of education and founded the Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Peking University).Her father, Sun Chuan-yuan, was an outstanding scholar in the democratic revolution of the late Qing dynasty. He served successively as the secretary of Sun Chuanfang and the standing committee member of the Kuomintang in Anhui province. [ citation needed ] Her mother ran a girls' school.Sun had originally intended to study literature after completed her schooling at Anqing Girls School but she failed the entrance examination National Central University . In 1930, Sun Duoci audited classes in the fine arts department of Nanjing Central University during which time she was introduced to another famous painter, Zong Baihua. who was impressed by her talent. [ citation needed ] She took lessons from Xu Beihong . The art professor with a wife and family regarded Sun as a \"painter of genius\". He admired her work and invited her to pose for paintings. Xu shared the news of his new love with his wife Jiang Biwei in 1930 who decided to not make this an issue (Jiang was betrothed to someone else before she eloped with Xu). Xu was now a Professor of Art at National Central University. Sun became a full-time student with Xu Beihong in 1931 and their established affair was well known. There were complaints about the extra attention that she got from her teacher and of how they both ignored the rules concerning male visitors to the university's female dormitory. Sun was obliged to stay with her aunt in Anqing and not live at the university. However, she continued to attend lectures whilst Xu Beihong travelled abroad in January 1933. After Xu returned, he and Sun both participated in trips to sketch at Huangshan , but their behaviour created gossip. Jiang Biwei , mother to Xu's two children, was so annoyed that she destroyed all of her husband's work that featured Sun. The controversy resulted in Sun leaving the university, but Xu Beihong did not leave his family.The status of their affair has been questioned in later accounts, as Xu's second wife, Liao Jingwen , wrote in her biography that was never any improper relationship between Sun and her husband. Instead, Liao stated that the gossip was mainly spread by Zhang Daofan , who wanted to separate Jiang Biwei from her husband. Sun returned to her old school and began teaching but without her degree. Xu and his partner finally agreed privately to separate in 1935. Sun published her first book Sun Duoci Sketches in 1936. The outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War necessitated in 1938 that Sun and her family should move to Changsha and here she again met Xu. Xu abandoned his wife and two children, and arranged for Sun's whole family to move to Guilin where she worked as a civil servant. Xu, who was now a nationally well known painter, announced publicly in the newspaper Central Daily News that he would no longer live with his wife. Xu sent a go-between to ask her father for permission to marry. Her father refused and much to Sun's later regret she decided to accede to her father's wishes. Sun and her family moved again to Lishui , Zhejiang province, where the 29-year-old Sun married provincial education minister Xu Shaodi as his second wife. Xu Shaodi hired her as a lecturer at the University of British Arts and an associate professor at the National Hangzhou Art College. He helped her launch exhibitions in Shanghai in 1947 and moved her to Taiwan in 1949. Sun went on to study at Columbia University in the United States and then went to the National Academy of Fine Arts in France. She continued to correspond with her former lover Xu Beihong. Xu was said to have memorized poems that he sent her. In 1948 Sun and her husband moved to Taiwan where she taught at the art department of National Taiwan Normal University . She won the \"Taiwan Ministry of Education\" Fine Arts Award in 1957. She later moved to the United States and lived with a physicist and art lover Wu Jianxiong. \nShe was also in close contact to the oil painter Wang Shaoling who lived in New York and was a friend to both Sun and Xu.\nIt was at an art workshop in New York that she heard of Xu Beihong's sudden death in 1953. She wore mourning for three years, an unusually long period.In March 1975, she died at the age of 64 in Los Angeles of breast cancer. \u201cSpring Dawn on Xuanwu Lake\"\"Self-Portrait of Sun Duoci\"1930, Sketch \"The Swab Bottle\"\"Shi Xiao Gong\"1934, \"The lion\"1961, Oil Painting \"Thai Princess\"\"Tian Wen\"\"The Contemplator\"\"Farming\"\"Sister\"Her work \"'Landscape; Lady\" sold at auction for over $110,000 in 2014. ", ["2_246"]] [20247, "The Mazda Furai ( \u30de\u30c4\u30c0\u30fb\u98a8\u7c5f , Matsuda F\u016brai ) was a concept car revealed on 27 December 2007 and designed by Swift Engineering and manufactured by Mazda . A teaser image of the vehicle was released on 11 December 2007. The Furai officially debuted at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The Furai, meaning \"sound of the wind\", was the fifth and last of the Nagare line of concept cars that have been made by Mazda since 2006. The chassis was based on the Courage Comp\u00e9tition C65 Le Mans Prototype that Mazda last used to compete in the American Le Mans Series , two seasons previously and was designed to use E100 ethanol fuel , it was powered by a heavily modified 20B 3-rotor wankel engine that produces 336\u00a0kW; 456\u00a0PS (450\u00a0bhp). The engine was developed and built by renowned rotary tuner, Racing Beat, who also built the car's rotary-shaped muffler canister. The car wore the number 55, that of its 1991 24 Hours of Le Mans -winning ancestor, the 787B . Unlike many concept cars, the Furai was fully functional and was tested at various tracks. It ran at Laguna Seca and Buttonwillow .The head designer, Laurens van den Acker, had stated in an interview with Top Gear magazine that there would have been possibilities of the Furai being used for racing in Le Mans, and he also had strong hopes that the car could be brought to the market. The Mazda Furai also appears as a playable vehicle in various video game series such as Real Racing 3 , Gran Turismo , Forza , CSR Racing , GRID , Asphalt and GT Racing . Additionally, a die-cast toy of the car has been made by Hot Wheels .In September 2013, it was revealed that the car had been destroyed by fire during road tests by Top Gear in 2008. On November 29, 2013, Top Gear was given the opportunity to make the story about the Furai's demise public. It was explained that the vehicle caught fire during a photography session at Bentwaters Parks on August 19, 2008, at 11:52 am. Driver Mark Ticehurst was piloting the Furai when the engine bay caught fire while cresting a hill on the backside of the track. Ticehurst was able to escape the car before the fire spread to the cabin area. Due to the location of the accident, fire crews were initially unaware of the incident, and took several minutes to reach the Furai. By this time, the car was completely engulfed in flames. The fire took approximately eight minutes to extinguish, and the Furai was incinerated as a result. Although the car's remains were initially taken to Mazda's Advanced Design Studio in Irvine, California, the ultimate fate of the Furai's charred remains is not publicly known. ", ["2_247"]] [20248, "Donatiello I , also known as Mirach's Goblin , is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the constellation Andromeda , located between 8.1 and 11.4 million light-years from Earth. It is a possible satellite galaxy of the dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 404 , \"Mirach's Ghost\", which is situated 60 arcminutes away. It is otherwise one of the most isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxies known, being separated from NGC 404 by around 211,000 light-years. The galaxy is named after its discoverer, amateur astronomer and astrophotographer Giuseppe Donatiello, who sighted the galaxy in a 2016 review of his archival long exposures from 2010 and 2013. Follow-up observations with the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory led to a scientific paper on its discovery being published in December 2018. Donatiello I is named after its discoverer, Italian amateur astronomer and astrophotographer Giuseppe Donatiello , and is abbreviated to \"Do I\". The galaxy's nickname, \"Mirach's Goblin\", is a reference to the nearby dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 404 , with which it may be physically associated. NGC 404 is nicknamed \"Mirach's Ghost\" due to its proximity to the second magnitude star Mirach . Donatiello I is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy at an estimated distance from Earth between 2.5 and 3.5 megaparsecs , or 8.1 and 11.4 million light-years , outside the Local Group . Its luminosity is around 200,000 times greater than that of the Sun , with an absolute magnitude of around \u22128.3 and a surface brightness of 26 magnitudes per negative square arcsecond. Its effective radius is roughly estimated to be 400 parsecs, while its ellipticity is around 0.7. Donatiello I is one of the most isolated dwarf spheroidals known, and is a possible satellite galaxy of its nearest neighbor, NGC 404, which is located around 65 kiloparsecs away from it, or 211,000 light-years. [ b ] Donatiello I could have either been involved in, or affected by, a possible merger between NGC 404 and an irregular dwarf galaxy around 900 million years ago. Like similar dwarf spheroidal galaxies orbiting the Milky Way Galaxy and Andromeda Galaxy , Donatiello I is populated with metal-poor red dwarfs , with no active star formation occurring. Donatiello I lies in the constellation Andromeda , at a right ascension of 01 h 11 m 40.37 s and declination of +34\u00b0\u00a036\u2032\u00a03.2\u2033, in the J2000 epoch . In the galactic coordinate system , it is located at a longitude of 127.65\u00b0 and a latitude of \u221228.08\u00b0. It is situated 60 arcminutes away from Mirach, and 72.4 arcminutes away from NGC 404. Its apparent diameter is roughly 60 arcseconds, [ c ] while its surface brightness is around 27 magnitudes per square arcsecond. Amateur astronomer and astrophotographer Giuseppe Donatiello first sighted the galaxy in 2016 while surveying an archived 6000-second exposure of an area around the Andromeda Galaxy taken on 5\u20137 November 2010 and 5 October 2013 in the Pollino National Park , with a custom-built 12.7 centimetre telescope. Donatiello intended to capture stellar streams and dwarf galaxies around Andromeda that had been reported at the time. The discovery was corroborated using images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey 's ninth data release, which showed a faint object in the same area, and was announced by Donatiello on 23 September 2016, via a post on Facebook . Donatiello collaborated with a team led by David Mart\u00ednez-Delgado of Heidelberg University , after Delgado had come across Donatiello's post, to make further observations of the galaxy with the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory 's Galileo National Telescope and Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma , Spain , on 27 November 2016. The team's scientific paper on the discovery and their follow-up observations was submitted to the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics in April 2018, and was accepted and published in December 2018, with a preprint released on arXiv in October. Further detailed observations with the Hubble Space Telescope have been suggested by the paper's authors as a way to better determine the galaxy's distance from Earth and its relationship with NGC 404, along with Donatiello I's size and mass. NotesSourcesCitations", ["2_248"]] [20249, "The 4732nd Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 64th Air Division of Air Defense Command at Goose Air Force Base , Newfoundland, Canada, where it was discontinued in 1960. The group was formed in 1957 when ADC assumed responsibility for air defense of Newfoundland and Northern Canada from Northeast Air Command and controlled a fighter-interceptor squadron at Harmon and seven squadrons operating radars at dispersed locations. It was discontinued when Goose Air Defense Sector assumed responsibility for air defense of Newfoundland and Northern Canada. The group was formed in 1957 when Air Defense Command (ADC) assumed responsibility for air defense of Newfoundland from Northeast Air Command (NEAC). It was a tenant organization at Goose AFB, a Strategic Air Command base, whose 4082nd Air Base Group (later 4082nd Combat Support Group) assumed host base duties from NEAC. it controlled both radar and fighter squadrons in Canada. It was assigned the 59th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (FIS), flying Northrop F-89 Scorpion aircraft, and the 4739th Radar Evaluation Flight, which were already stationed at Goose, and seven remote Aircraft Control & Warning Squadrons as operational elements, all of which were transferred from NEAC. The group provided air defense of northeast North America. [ citation needed ] The 4732d was discontinued in 1960 and its subordinate units were assigned to the Goose Air Defense Sector . AssignmentsComponentsStationsThis article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency", ["2_249"]] [20250, "The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home (Later known as the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home ) and sometimes abbreviated OS&SO/OVCH, was a children's home that was located in Xenia, Ohio. It is now home to Legacy Christian Academy , Athletes in Action , and other Christian ministries. Money was collected from taxes levied during the Civil War to care for the dependents of soldiers, but the government mishandled the money. By the war's end, several families were living in county infirmities under deplorable conditions. Seeing this, soldiers still living began contacting government officials, requesting that something be done to help the families of the fallen soldiers. Eventually, the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), a federation the veterans formed after the close of the Civil War to foster comradeship, financed the purchase of a home for veteran's orphans in the city of Xenia. Xenia was chosen because people from Greene County had long been interested in the plight of the veterans' families, and Reverend P.C. Prugh had been raising funds for the project for some time. Rev. Prugh is thus referred to as the \"Father\" of the movement to establish a home. Additionally, Chaplain George W. Collier is credited with being the first to suggest the idea of a home to the GAR. In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio.The \"Home\" was commissioned by Abraham Lincoln, and was a self-contained community with a farm, dairy barn, hospital, power/heating plant, gymnasium, banquet hall, chapel, and residence halls. Lincoln challenged the states to bind up the wounds of the Civil War by meeting the needs of widows and orphans created by the conflict. Ohio members of the Grand Army of the Republic took up that challenge, and, through a donation of 100 acres by a Xenia farmer, created the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. In 1870, the State of Ohio assumed control of the home. The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home was originally located in a rented building in Xenia, Ohio. In 1869, Xenia residents provided the GAR with 150 acres of land to build a permanent facility. The home conducted church services, established a regular school curriculum as well as education in several trades, started a library, and supplied on-site medical attention. The list of trades is impressive, including tin smithing; wood carving; knitting; dress making; tailoring; farm, florist, and garden work; butchering and slaughtering; telegraphy, and blacksmithing. The children also enjoyed such extra-curricular activities as choir, orchestra, concert band, military band, drum corps, and athletics. Beginning in April 1876, the home put out their own paper, titled the Home Weekly. Children were discharged from the home at the age of 16. Athletic teams at Woodrow Wilson High School competed as the \"Cadets\". State Championships and athletic records were transferred to Xenia High School upon the home's closure.The campus of the former Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home is located in the southeastern corner of the city of Xenia, close to US 35 and US 68. Many of the original buildings from the home remain and are still in use to this day, although in 2013, many abandoned buildings on the property were demolished.", ["2_250"]] [20251, "Vaucluse Bay Range Front Light is an active lighthouse located on the east side of the entrance to Vaucluse Bay in Vaucluse , New South Wales , Australia . It serves as the front range light ( Vaucluse Bay Range Rear Light serving as the rear light) into Vaucluse Bay. The distance between the lights is 945 metres (3,100\u00a0ft). It is one of four lighthouses designed in a style sometimes called \"Disney Castle\", the others being Grotto Point Light , Parriwi Head Light and Vaucluse Bay Range Rear Light . The light is shone through a window. The light is operated by the Sydney Ports Corporation. It is located on private land and not accessible to the public. Viewing the lighthouse from the street (80 Wentworth Road) is very difficult due to the steep terrain so the lighthouse is best viewed from the water.This Australian lighthouse -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a building or structure in New South Wales is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_251"]] [20252, "Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 \u2013 April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer . Pikes Peak in Colorado is named after him. As a U.S. Army officer, President Thomas Jefferson asked him to lead two journeys through the new Louisiana Purchase territory. The first was in 1805-06 to explore the upper northern parts of the Mississippi River . The second journey was in 1806-07 to explore the Southwest to the edges of the northern Spanish-colonial settlements of New Mexico and Texas . Pike's journeys happened at the same time as other journeys that happened while Thomas Jefferson was president. This include the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804\u20131806) and the Thomas Freeman and Peter Custis expedition up the Red River (1806). Pike's second journey crossed the Rocky Mountains into what is now southern Colorado . He was captured by the Spanish colonial authorities near Santa Fe . They sent Pike and his men to Chihuahua (present-day Mexico ), to be questioned. Later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were led by the Spanish through Texas, and they were released near American territory in Louisiana .In 1810, Pike wrote a book about his journeys. The book was so popular that it was translated into Dutch , French , and German languages, for publication in Europe . He later became a brigadier general in the American Army. He served during the War of 1812 , until he was killed during the Battle of York , in April 1813.Zebulon Pike, Jr. married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801. They had one child who lived to become an adult, Clarissa Brown Pike. She later married President William Henry Harrison 's son, John Cleves Symmes Harrison. They had four other children who died before becoming adults. Pike was promoted to brigadier general in March 1813. Along with General Jacob Brown , Pike left Sackets Harbor , on the New York shore of Lake Ontario . This would be his last military campaign. On this campaign, Pike led soldiers in the successful attack on York (now Toronto ), on April 27, 1813. Pike was killed, along with other American soldiers, by flying rocks and other debris . This was when the withdrawing British blew up its ammunition supply as Pike's troops got close to Fort York. His body was brought by ship back to Sackets Harbor. His body were buried at the military cemetery . Pike's 20th century reputation focused on his exploration. His name appeared often on natural features, such as dams , islands , lakes , and parks . In 1901, General William Jackson Palmer built a marble statue of Zebulon Pike. It was placed near the main entrance of the Antlers Hotel. Pike was later honored in 1926 with a bronze medallion portrait placed in the pavilion at Tahama Spring in Monument Valley Park, Colorado Springs. A building at Fort Knox is named in his honor.", ["2_252"]] [20253, "Kerevat Airfield (prewar: Tavilo Plantation; variant: \"Keravat\") was an aerodrome located near Kerevat , East New Britain province, Papua New Guinea . Situated on the northern coast, it was 13 miles (21\u00a0km) south west of Rabaul . The airfield was constructed by the Imperial Japanese in World War II during September 1943. Kerevat Airfield was neutralized by Allied Powers ' air bombing from 1944, who ran missions on the airfield between June 20, 1943, and May 16, 1944. The airfield was abandoned after the cessation of hostilities; however, the airstrip is still visible. The airfield's single runway was located on Ataliklikun Bay 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) east of Vunakanauwas . The runway was 4,800 feet (1,500\u00a0m) long and 400 feet (120\u00a0m) wide and ran parallel to the Keravat River in an east\u2013west direction, to the southwest of Rabaul. It was not an all-weather concrete runway. Though the runway was upgraded, it was never fully operational, and its use was limited to crash landing as the airstrip, riddled with problems, was generally subject to drainage and other engineering problems, making it difficult for use for regular flight operations. The 552nd K\u014dk\u016btai ( D3A2 Val ) unit was stationed here from December 18, 1943, to January 25, 1944. There were nine bombings of the airfield during the period June 20, 1943, to May 16, 1944, by American missions; these bombings were on June 20, 1943, by 13th Air Force B-24s ; on February 22, 1944, by 13th AF B-24s, with fighter escorts; on February 23, 1944, by ten 13th AF B-25s ; April 17, 1944, by ten 13th AF fighter bombers, that pounded the runway; April 18, 1944, twelve 13th AF B-25 and nine fighter-bombers which failed to bomb Rapopo, instead bombing the airstrip at Keravat; April 20, 1944, by forty 13th AF fighter bombers; April 22, 1944, by 13th AF B-25s; and on May 10, 1944, by 13th AF fighters on a sweep, which hit trucks; and on May 16, 1944, by 13th AF fighter bombers which hit trucks and a saw mill was also damaged. The five airports that provided umbrella type defense to the Rabaul airport and the capital town, the stronghold of the Japanese forces during the war, were Kerevat, Lakuani , Vunakanau and Tobera ; all of them were frequently bombed by allied forces. Two \u201cFlying Nightmares\u201d PBJ-1s bombed Kerevat and the other airports with 100-pound bombs so that Japanese fighters could not use them. 04\u00b018\u203247\u2033S 152\u00b06\u203200\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 4.31306\u00b0S 152.10000\u00b0E \ufeff / -4.31306; 152.10000", ["2_253"]] [20254, "A fire destroyed much of Augusta, Georgia on March 22, 1916. Photographs captured the event. The fire was blamed on an unattended iron in a tailor's shop. It was the worst fire in Augusta's history and impacted 25 blocks from 8th Street to East Boundary Street , including portions of downtown and Olde Town . No one was killed, but Augusta incurred $10 million in damages. Many thousands of cotton bales were destroyed and an estimated 3,000 people made homeless. Approximately 600 residential and commercial buildings were destroyed. A residential area became a lot with only chimneys left. \"Cotton Row\" was destroyed. The Lamar Building was under construction and had to be demolished after the fire. Churches and schools were destroyed. Due to the size of the large fire, fire departments from neighboring cities responded to include Atlanta , Savannah , Columbia , Macon , Greenville , Waynesboro , and Charleston . This article related to the state of Georgia is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This fire -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_254"]] [20255, "Zvonimir \"Zvonko\" Vujin (23 July 1943 \u2013 8 December 2019) was a Serbian amateur boxer . He competed in the 1968 and 1972 Olympics for Yugoslavia and won bronze medals on both occasions. In 1967 he won a silver medal at the European championships and a gold at the Mediterranean Games. He died on 8 December 2019 in his hometown, Zrenjanin. Below is the Olympic record of Zvonimir Vujin, a Yugoslavian lightweight boxer who competed at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics:Below is the Olympic record of Zvonimir Vujin, a Yugoslavian light welterweight boxer who competed at the 1972 Munich Olympics:This article about a Yugoslav Olympic medalist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This biographical article related to a Serbian boxer is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_255"]] [20256, "Isabella Court is a Spanish Colonial Revival style mixed-use residential and commercial complex at 3909-3917 South Main Street in the Midtown district of Houston , Texas , United States . It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places . Isabella Court's residents mainly consist of artists and other professionals. As of 2009 Trudy Hutchings owns the complex. William Bordeaux served as the architect and designed Isabella Court, built during 1928 and 1929, as a Spanish colonial revival-style building. The complex has a courtyard, a stuccoed exterior, and a red tile roof. Isabella Court, which opened in 1929, was designed as a mixed-use building with commercial use on the ground floor and apartments on the upper two floors. During his lifetime, architect Charles W. Moore , author of the excerpts within You Have to Pay for the Public Life , wrote that the \"charming\" Isabella Court had 'a serious case of what California real estate people call \" deferred maintenance .\"' In 1991 Trudy Hutchings purchased the complex. On June 24, 1994 Isabella Court received listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the apartment tenants and businesses are oriented towards the arts. For a period during the construction of the METRORail Red Line some businesses left the building. In 2007 the commercial space was fully leased; during that year Houston Press awarded the building the \"Best Artistic Renovation.\" It is featured in Houston's \"Good Brick Tour\". In 2020 the people owning the property requested from the City of Houston protected historic status. The complex includes multiple balconies. Isabella Court is within the Houston Independent School District . Residents are zoned to MacGregor Elementary School, Gregory-Lincoln Education Center (for middle school), and Lamar High School . See also: List of companies in HoustonSee: List of colleges and universities in HoustonCategory Texas portal", ["2_256"]] [20257, "The Cagayan River , also known as the Cagayan de Oro River , is one of the rivers draining the northern central part of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines . The river has its headwaters in the Kalatungan Mountain Range and Kitanglad Mountain Range found in the central part of the province of Bukidnon . It traverses the municipalities of Talakag , Baungon , and Libona , connecting tributaries along the way. It finally empties into Macajalar Bay in Cagayan de Oro . The river serves as the natural boundary between the province of Bukidnon and Iligan and between Bukidnon and Cagayan de Oro, based on the administrative order issued by the defunct Department of Mindanao and Sulu during the American occupation of the Philippines . In Cagayan de Oro, it is the dividing line between its two Congressional districts .The Cagayan River is a very popular site for whitewater rafting in the Philippines and has been promoted by the Department of Tourism as the main tourist attraction of Cagayan de Oro.The original name of the river is Kalambaguasasahan River , because of the presence of Lambago trees ( Hibiscus tiliaceus , a member of the Malvaceae tree family that only thrives in low altitude areas like seashores, riverbanks and other areas reached by tidal streams) along the river banks. During the arrival of the Spaniards in Cagayan de Oro , the name was changed to Cagayan River. The name of the river Cagayan comes from the Malayo-Polynesian word \"Ag\" , which means water. \"Kagay\" means river and \"Kagayan\" is place with a river. This river is not to be confused with the country's longest and largest river of the same name located in northern Luzon, despite sharing similar etymology with each other.The river's headwaters is found in the Kalatungan Mountain Range , in the central portion of the province of Bukidnon . It flows northward towards Cagayan de Oro for about 90 kilometres (56\u00a0mi) before emptying into Macajalar Bay .The river drains an area of approximately 1,521 square kilometres (587\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). About 80% of the drainage basin is located in the Province of Bukidnon and the rest is in Iligan and Cagayan de Oro.The main tributaries of the Cagayan de Oro River are the following:The river's mouth is located in Cagayan de Oro. After a 90-kilometre (56\u00a0mi) course from the mountains of Bukidnon , the river finally discharges its load to Macajalar Bay .Whitewater rafting , kayaking and river trekking has been one of the tourism activities being promoted in the river. The city administration and the Department of Tourism made it as the banner tourism activity in Cagayan de Oro . The jump-off point of the river, whitewater rafting is at Barangay Mambuaya, a 30-40 minute ride from the city proper.Recently, whitewater rafting in the Cagayan River is gaining popularity through the years after President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and other famous personalities in the country have tried the challenging whitewater rafting in the river.The 2.5-kilometer two-lane Rio de Oro Boulevard along the Cagayan de Oro River is a major tourist attraction . It connects from Barangay Puntod, J.R. Borja Streets, CM Recto Avenue-Marcos Bridge and Consolacion with three-way junction to Burgos Street. Inaugurated in August 2023, the Cagayan de Oro River flood management project was financed by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency . ROB is host to the Pasko de Oro festival of December 2023 after the August Higalaay Festival . The boulevard's \"Tree of Life\" historical marker was installed at Isla De Oro along the CDO river as memorial to the mango shelter for 50 natives during the 2011 typhoon Tropical Storm Washi . The stream is an important seasonal freshwater artisanal fishery producing an annual catch, as of 2016, of about US$500,000 from an average weekly catch of 5 to 15 kilograms (11 to 33\u00a0lb) by each fisherman. In the lower reaches of the stream, this low catch of smaller immature fish is evidence of lack of management of the fishery. Less than 1% to as much as 10% of the local population may be engaged at least part-time as fishermen, most are men. Full-time fishermen earn about US$1,000 to 2,000 per year, which is below the poverty line. Gill nets , cast nets , long lines, fish hooks and line sets, spears , traps and traditional fishing boats are used. The catch includes Snapper (Aha-an), Flagtail (Aligaman), Crab (Alimango), Red-tailed goby (Anga), Squaretail mullet (Balanak), Goby (Batinga), Silver perch (Bugaong), Otomebora Mullet (Bunak), Indo-Pacific Tarpon (Buwan-buwan), Loach goby (Dalapakan), Mountain bass (Damagan), Indian pellona (Ibis), Flathead grey mullet (Gisaw), Gourami (Gurami), Mudfish (Halu-an), Shrimp (Hipon, Goby (Iswil), Carp (Karpa), Eel (Kasili), Spotted Scat (Kikilo), Mullet (Muli), Cyprinidae (Pait), Catfish (Pantat), Rock goby (Pigok), Mangrove red snapper (Tadlungan), Tilapia .", ["2_257"]] [20260, "Mary Beth Hurt ( n\u00e9e Supinger ; born September 25, 1946) is a retired American actress of stage and screen. She is a three-time Tony Award -nominated actress. Notable films in which Hurt appears include Interiors (1978), The World According to Garp (1982), The Age of Innocence (1993), and Six Degrees of Separation (1993). She has also collaborated with her husband, filmmaker Paul Schrader , in such films as Light Sleeper (1992) and Affliction (1997).Hurt was born Mary Beth Supinger in Marshalltown, Iowa , the daughter of Delores Lenore ( n\u00e9e Andre) and Forrest Clayton Supinger. Her childhood babysitter was actress Jean Seberg , also a Marshalltown native. Hurt studied drama at the University of Iowa and at New York University 's Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts . Hurt made her New York stage debut in 1974. She was nominated for three Tony Awards for her Broadway performances in Trelawny of the Wells , Crimes of the Heart (for which she won an Obie Award ), and Benefactors . Hurt made her film debut in Woody Allen 's dramatic film Interiors (1978) as Joey, the second of three sisters dealing with the emotional fallout of a family's disintegration and their mother's descent into mental illness. Hurt's powerful turn in that film earned her a BAFTA . Other film roles include Laura in Chilly Scenes of Winter (1979), Helen Holm Garp in The World According to Garp (1982), and Regina Beaufort in Martin Scorsese 's The Age of Innocence (1993). Hurt also played Jean Seberg, in voiceover, in Mark Rappaport 's 1995 documentary From the Journals of Jean Seberg .Hurt was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for her performance in 2006 movie The Dead Girl . For her role in Crimes of the Heart (1981) she was nominated for Drama Desk Award and earned an Obie Award . In addition to these honors, Hurt also received a Clarence Derwent Award in 1975 for Best Supporting Female for her role in the Off-Broadway production of the play Love for Love . Hurt was married to actor William Hurt from 1971 to 1982. She married filmmaker Paul Schrader in 1983; the couple have a daughter and a son. She is close friends with fellow actress Glenn Close , who understudied her in the play Love for Love in 1974. On February 11, 2023, Schrader wrote on his Facebook account that Hurt had been placed in memory care, a result of her advancing Alzheimer's disease . ", ["2_260"]] [20261, "Lake Richmond ( Aboriginal Australian name: Naragebup ) is a freshwater lake in Rockingham , Western Australia . It is approximately 1,000\u00a0m \u00d7\u00a0600\u00a0m (3,300\u00a0ft \u00d7\u00a02,000\u00a0ft), with an area of 40\u00a0ha (99 acres), and is 15\u00a0m (49\u00a0ft) deep in the centre. It is believed to be named after the London borough . It is part of Rockingham Lakes Regional Park . The lake is less than 1\u00a0km (0.62\u00a0mi) from the coast, having separated from the ocean at Cockburn Sound within the last 4,000 years. The shallow waters within about 15 metres (49\u00a0ft) of the edges of the lake are home to thrombolites , estimated to be about six million years old. The internal structure of the thrombolites is believed to be unique in the world. In 1996, the Western Australian Museum concluded that structures on the lake were likely to be tidal weirs constructed by pre-colonial Indigenous Australians for use as fish traps . They were given preliminary protection under the Aboriginal Heritage Act and the Djeran Fish Festival was subsequently organised as a celebration. However, the Department of Indigenous Affairs later concluded that they were not Aboriginal sites, following a review of aerial photographs and claims by a local resident that he had built the structures between the early 1960s and early 1980s. Before 1960, the lake's salinity was 2000\u20133500\u00a0mg/L. [ a ] In the 1960s it was used as part of an urban drainage scheme; the Water Board constructed inlet and outlet drains. Subsequently the salinity level dropped to 300\u2013400\u00a0mg/L. A boardwalk extends approximately 115\u00a0m (377\u00a0ft) [ b ] into the lake. Water birds that inhabit the area include the Australian pelican , black swan , Australian shelduck , musk duck , white-faced heron and common greenshank . The lake is home to the Swan River goby ( Pseudogobius olorum ), eastern mosquitofish , sea mullet , goldfish and yabbies . The lake was used as a source of fresh water by the local indigenous Noongar people, as well as the settlers of the Swan River Colony . The 10th Light Horse Regiment had a camp near the lake during the war years. In 2017, the lake was given a permanent entry on the State Register of Heritage Places . It also listed on the WA Register of Aboriginal Sites, as RAS #15974. ", ["2_261"]] [20262, "The Langley Vale Timber Tramway was a 20-kilometre (12\u00a0mi)-long narrow gauge railway network with mainly wooden rails with a gauge of 4\u00a0ft\u00a02\u00a0in ( 1,270\u00a0mm ). It was used from 1897 to 1933 for transporting logs to a sawmill at Lansdowne in the Manning River Valley , north of Taree , New South Wales . The track started at the sawmill and ran upwards with grades of up to 12,5\u00a0% (1\u00a0: 8) over rough trestles with a length of up to 50 m (50 yards), over Cross's Mountain, across Razorback, down a declivity, and up another rise, which forms the western wall of Hannam Vale, being about 365\u00a0m (1200\u00a0ft) above the starting point. The uphill journey needed normally less than 3\u20134 hours. In the Lansdowne State Forest, as well as in Langley's private holdings tall timbers were harvested, including blackbutt , tallowwood , grey gum , flooded gum , bloodwood , white mahogany , turpentine and brush box but no ironbark . The railway and the sawmill were owned and managed by William Edwin Langley (born 3 February 1860 in Shoalhaven ; died 11 Nov 1946 in Taree ). He joined his father's business (subsequently Langley Bros.) after serving his time as a joiner in 1879. His new sawmill was inaugurated on 3 July 1902. In April 1931 he became president of the Timber Merchants Association. From 1912 the 18-ton Climax Class A locomotive with serial number x38 of 1912 was used. It was sold in November 1933 to Smith & Ellis Ltd. in Langley Vale. In 1942 it was regauged to 3\u00a0ft\u00a06\u00a0in ( 1,067\u00a0mm ) and used at Circular Head Amalgamated Timber Co. in Smithton, Tasmania . There it was dismantled in 1971 and scrapped. The Langley brothers owned and operated also several ships. These moored at either the mill wharf or at sleeper yard 6 chains (120\u00a0m) from the mill wharf. The Gwendoline was a topsail schooner built in 1897 at Coopernook, NSW. She was 84 tons, 86 feet long, 23.1 feet wide and had a 7.2 foot draft. The Gwendoline was owned by the Langley Brothers Company and made frequent trips between Sydney and the Tweed from 1897 to 1903. Gilbert Mowatt built in 1904 the steam ship Cooloon for Alfred Langley and Robert H Langley who were trading as Langley Brothers & Co. at the site of their mill at Rockville near Lansdowne. She was made from colonial hardwood and tastefully fitted throughout her saloon in mahogany and pine panelling painted with country scenes by the ladies of the Manning. It was named after the township of Cooloon on the Tweed River . The steamer Duroby belonged also to the Langley Brothers. The track of the Langley Vale Tramway runs through forest compartments No 193, 194 and 195 mainly along Rock Creek. The route is shown on the Harvest Plan Operational Maps. The remains of the trestles, embankments and cuttings are protected as cultural heritage. The objective of the relevant prescriptions is to preserve all substantial remnants of earthworks and infrastructure, especially cuttings where encountered. Historic structures in the tramway corridor may not be disturbed. Trees are not to be felled into the tramway corridor, where a cutting exists, however, if a tree is accidentally felled, it may be removed, if this can be carried out without causing damage to the cutting. Felling of trees out of the tramway corridor may only be approved if the activity will not cause damage to the cuttings. Machinery may not enter the tramway corridor except to cross, where the tramway is level with the ground surface, i.e. where no substantial earthworks are present. Snigging along the tramway is not permitted. ", ["2_262"]] [20264, "Fool Moon is an a cappella group formed in Szeged , Hungary in September 2001. Through their out-of-the-ordinary music lessons, master classes and TV appearances, Fool Moon has brought the pop-acappella genre to the centre of attention in Hungary. Fool Moon has so far released 7 albums, got 13 international and Hungarian awards and prizes, and the band has collaborated with many of the most prestigious artists of the Hungarian music scene.The group released its debut album titled Stars in 2003 featuring their own five part a cappella arrangements of Hungarian pop hits. Apart from Hungarian songs, the repertoire of Fool Moon includes songs in French, Italian, Russian and in English; a cappella versions of songs from artists such as Sting , Eric Clapton , Bruno Mars , Michael Jackson and George Michael . Moreover, their album Acappelland (2008) contains a song in Bantu .In 2008, their joint project with Kriszta Kovats titled Arany-\u00f3ra was a powerful attempt to press the limits of performing Hungarian literature in a cappella.In 2012, Fool Moon composed their first original Hungarian pop a cappella hit, the first Hungarian a cappella pop song, titled \u201cKettesben j\u00f3\u201d. The song was commissioned for a Hungarian youth film titled Sherlock Holmes nev\u00e9ben and was played during the film's end credits in cinemas in Hungary and abroad.In December 2012, they went on an advent tour with Tak\u00e1cs Nikolas, and the album Music & Soul , which captured the songs performed in this tour, peaked on Hungarian pop charts.Fool Moon also pioneered as the first acappella group to enter A Dal , the Hungarian round of the Eurovision Song Contest , where they came in second with their song It Can't Be Over, which placed the band as well as pop acappella in the spotlight in Hungary.Ever since the band formed, Fool Moon has worked together with many other Hungarian artists including G\u00e1bor Presser (\u201c1 koncert\u201d), Zs\u00e9da (\u201c\u00dcnnep\u201d), P\u00e9ter Szolnoki (Bon-Bon album Dupla \u00e9lvezet ), Andrea Malek (\u201cRet\u00far\u201d), Adrienn Szekeres (\u201cOlyan mint te\u201d), Edina Szirtes (\u201cM\u00f3kus\u201d), Kriszta Kov\u00e1ts (\u201cArany-\u00f3ra\u201d), Magna Cum Laude (\u201cMagnatofon\u201d), Andr\u00e1s La\u00e1r (\"Edebede b\u00e1csi a t\u00e9lap\u00f3\") and Marton Edvin.In addition, the band took part in the Eurovision Song Contest held in Belgrade in 2008 with the Hungarian contestant Cs\u00e9zy as backing singers.Fool Moon regularly sings at a number of international festivals, in which they have shared the stage with many stars of the international a cappella scene (Rock4, A'Cappella ExpreSSS , Vocal Sampling, Idea of North, Velvet Voices). Throughout their career, Fool Moon has performed in 15 countries including Russia, Taiwan, Japan, China, Korea, Singapore, Spain, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands.With the aim of increasing the popularity of a cappella music, in 2005 Fool Moon launched the one and only a cappella event in Hungary, the Fool Moon International Acappella Festival in their home town of Szeged. Inviting vocalists and groups they have met during their performances throughout Europe and beyond, the band has continued to organize this unique festival each Autumn with ever increasing popularity and success.Fool Moon has given over 1000 lectures on the history of a cappella singing throughout Hungary, organized by the Hungarian Philharmonic Society for 6 to 18-year-old students.", ["2_264"]] [20265, "Morio Muscat (also known as Morio-Muskat ) is a white wine grape that was created by viticulturalist Peter Morio at the Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding in the Palatinate in 1928. He claimed to have crossed the varieties Silvaner and Pinot blanc , but based on the variety's properties it has been speculated that he actually crossed Silvaner and Muscat Blanc \u00e0 Petits Grains . But so far this speculation has yet to be conclusively proven. The grape is highly aromatic with a \"grapey\" characteristic reminiscent of Muscat grape varieties . The grape is rarely used for varietal wines because it requires a high level of ripeness to avoid producing wine with a \"mousey\" flavor, a coarse texture and overabundance of acidity. Viticulturalist Peter Morio created this grape variety from, what was reported as, Silvaner and Weissburgunder (Pinot blanc) as a potential blending partner for M\u00fcller-Thurgau and component in Liebfraumilch . Despite being the offspring of two grape varieties (Silvaner & Pinot blanc) that are not very aromatic, the Morio Muscat is a very aromatic grape variety with aromas more closely aligned with the Muscat family. Morio Muscat remains the most popular \"Muscat\" in Germany , despite the possibility that the grape might not be a member of the Muscat family. The grape was used extensively in Germany in the 1970s as a blending companion to M\u00fcller-Thurgau to enhance the aroma of the latter, but has been in steep decline in recent years. In 2006 it was cultivated on 541 hectares (1,340 acres) of vineyard in Germany, down from 1,167 hectares (2,880 acres) in 1999. At its peak popularity, the grape was widely planted in the German wine regions of Palatinate and Rheinhessen . Outside of Germany, there are small plantings in South Africa and Canada . Morio Muscat has the potential to be a varietal wine but require ideal vineyard locations, similar to what would normally be planted with Silvaner, and has to be harvested at a point where its naturally low sugar levels and medium to high acidity are not out of balance. Common viticultural hazards include a sensitivity to rot with the grape often needing at least an extra week to ripen after M\u00fcller-Thurgau has been harvested. It also has some sensitivity to downy mildew and oidium . The only synonyms of Morio Muscat, other than the alternative spelling Muscat or Muskat, is its breeding code I-28-30 or Geilweilerhof I-28-30. ", ["2_265"]] [20266, "William Allan Carroll (born January 19, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre . Carroll played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1981 to 1987 for the New York Islanders , Edmonton Oilers and Detroit Red Wings . He won the Stanley Cup four times, from 1981 to 1983 with the Islanders, and in 1985 with the Oilers. Carroll was born in Toronto , Ontario , and grew up in West Rouge on the eastern border of Toronto. Carroll was drafted in the second round (38th overall) by the New York Islanders in the 1979 NHL Entry Draft from the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He won the Stanley Cup three times with New York in 1981 , 1982 , and 1983 . He was claimed in the waiver draft by the Edmonton Oilers on October 9, 1984, at the beginning of the 1984-85 NHL season and won the Stanley Cup a fourth time that season at the age of 26. Carroll played two more seasons in the NHL with the Detroit Red Wings before retiring in 1987.He has three sons, in order of birth, Michael and Matthew , who played professional lacrosse for the Toronto Rock of the NLL , while the youngest, Marcus Carroll, played professional ice hockey with the Utah Grizzlies of the ECHL . His two nephews also play hockey: Leo Jenner (born 1989), played major junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League with the Plymouth Whalers , and played college hockey four seasons while attending Acadia University ; and Leo's brother Boone Jenner (born 1993), who was drafted in the 2nd round of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft by the Columbus Blue Jackets , and is currently serving as the club's team captain.", ["2_266"]] [20268, "Bent R\u00f8iseland (11 October 1902 \u2013 31 October 1981) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party and later the Liberal People's Party . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 1945, and was re-elected on six occasions. He was President of the Lagting for three terms. During his seventh term, in December 1972, R\u00f8iseland joined the Liberal People's Party which split from the Liberal Party over disagreements of Norway's proposed entry to the European Economic Community .On the local level, R\u00f8iseland was a member of Holum municipal council between 1931 and 1940.He was born in Holme . Outside politics he mainly worked as a farmer. He was a member of the Diocese Council of Agder from 1958 to 1965, and was an auditor-general at the Office of the Auditor General of Norway from 1954 to 1973.This article about a Norwegian politician born in the 1900s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_268"]] [20270, "The William H. Holcomb House , also known by Carl Vandre House , is located in the Ogle County, Illinois city of Rochelle . An elegant Italianate structure, the Holcomb House has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973. The William H. Holcomb House is a wood-frame brick house on a limestone foundation. The house was built in 1872 and is a significant example of Italianate style. The William H. Holcomb House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 25, 1973, for its significance in the area of architecture. William H. Holcomb (c. 1839\u20131908) was the general superintendent of the Chicago & Iowa Railroad and subsequently held the same position with the Chicago, Burlington & Northern Railway (part of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad ). In the 1880s he served as General Manager of the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company , and in 1893 was the General Manager of Transportation for the World's Columbian Exposition , in Chicago. He was also a vice-president and general manager with the Union Pacific Railroad . ", ["2_270"]] [20272, "The Diocese of Fano-Fossombrone-Cagli-Pergola ( Latin : Dioecesis Fanensis-Forosemproniensis-Calliensis-Pergulana ) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy , created in 1986, when the historical Diocese of Fano was united to the Diocese of Cagli e Pergola and the Diocese of Fossombrone . It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pesaro . S. Paternianus is credited with being the first Bishop of Fano , and is supposed [ weasel\u00a0words ] to have been appointed by Pope Sylvester I (314\u2013335). The catalogue of Bishops of Fano before 499 is a recent invention. Eusebius accompanied Pope John I to Constantinople in 524, and may have been killed along with the Pope on their return in 526. Among the later bishops were Riccardo (1214), persecuted by the magistrate Alberghetti; and the Dominican Pietro Bertano (1537), an orator and advocate at the Council of Trent . In 1111, the cathedral and the Canonica were destroyed by fire. Rebuilding began in 1113. Bishop Carbo was the first to grant the Canons of the cathedral the right to use the title canonicati , on 6 September 1165, and he recognized all their rights and privileges. These had already been confirmed by Pope Eugenius III in 1152, and were confirmed again by Pope Urban III in 1186, by Pope Honorius III in 1218, and by Pope Julius II in 1504. The cathedral Chapter was composed of two dignities (the Provost and the Archdeacon) and twelve Canons, one of whom is called the Poenitentiarius and another the Theologus, as mandated by the Council of Trent . The cathedral is a parish church, and the Provost is the parish priest. One of the chaplains of the cathedral acts as his curate. A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See. Bishop Giulio Ottinelli (1587\u20131603) held a diocesan synod in Fano on 16 August 1593. Bishop Angelo Maria Ranuzzi (1678\u20131688) held a diocesan synod on 30 June 1680. Bishop Taddeo Luigi dal Verme (1688\u20131696) presided over a diocesan synod on 29 May 1692. On 5 November 1702, Bishop Giovanni Battista Giberti (1696\u20131720) held a diocesan synod. Bishop Giacomo Beni (1733\u20131764) held a diocesan synod in 1740. In a decree of the Second Vatican Council , it was recommended that dioceses be reorganized to take into account modern developments. A project begun on orders from Pope John XXIII, and continued under his successors, was intended to reduce the number of dioceses in Italy and to rationalize their borders in terms of modern population changes and shortages of clergy. The change was made urgent because of changes made to the Concordat between the Italian State and the Holy See on 18 February 1984, and embodied in a law of 3 June 1985. The change was approved by Pope John Paul II in an audience of 27 September 1986, and by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops of the Papal Curia on 30 September 1986. The diocese of Fano was united to the dioceses of Cagli e Pergola and of Fossombrone . Its name was to be Fanensis-Forosemproniensis-Calliensis-Pergulanus . The seat of the diocese was to be in Fano. The former cathedral in Cagli and the former cathedral in Fossombrone were to have the honorary title of co-cathedral, and their chapters were to be the Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one episcopal curia, one seminary, one ecclesiastical tribunal; and all the clergy were to be incardinated in the diocese of Fano-Fossombrone-Caglia-Pergola. The combined diocese was suffragan of the Archdiocese of Urbino-Urbania-Sant'Angelo in Vado .In 2000, the Archdiocese of Urbino was deprived of its metropolitan status, and both Urbino and Fano became suffragans of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Pesaro . 43\u00b050\u203237\u2033N 13\u00b001\u203211\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 43.8435\u00b0N 13.0198\u00b0E \ufeff / 43.8435; 13.0198", ["2_272"]] [20274, "Shri (born Shrikanth Sriram ) is an Indian-born British composer, multi-instrumentalist, and producer. Shri specializes in acoustic, electric, and electronic-based live performances and incorporates traditional Indian instruments into his music. Shri grew up in Mumbai, India in a musically inclined family. His father plays the sitar, and his mother and sister play the Carnatic violin. He trained as a classical tabla player for about fourteen years at Pandit Nikhil Ghosh's school in Mumbai. Tired of the rigidity of classical music, Shri went on to teach himself bass, guitar, and flute. His trademark instrument is one he handcrafted and designed himself\u2014a fretless bass guitar suited towards his unique approach of playing bass with a bow. [ citation needed ]Having previously played percussion with the Indian rock band Indus Creed and bass in the jazz outfit Azure Hades (with whom he recorded an album), [ citation needed ] he moved to London in the 1990s and collaborated as a bass player with musicians such as Talvin Singh , Nitin Sawhney , and DJ Badmarsh, with whom he recorded under the name Badmarsh & Shri .Shri toured for five years with Sawhney, which led in 1997 to Shri's first solo album, Drum the Bass , produced by Sawhney and released by London-based label Outcaste Records. Later, Badmarsh & Shri produced two albums for Outcaste Records as a duo, Dancing Drums in 1998 and Signs in 2001. Shri released his second solo album, East Rain , in 2005. Shri has also collaborated musically on theatrical productions\u2014composing for Akademi's 2001 Coming of Age dance project at London's South Bank, the Builder's Association/ Motiroti co-production Alladeen in 2003, and Tamasha Theatre Company's Strictly Dandia in 2005. [ citation needed ]In 2007, he released the album Seven Steps , which featured the single \"Just for a Minute\". In 2011, he produced and performed bass and bowed bass on the track \"Quest\", with Viveick Rajagopalan on the mridangam and kanjira , and Embar Kannan on violin and vocals. \"Quest\" was released by Folktronic . He also launched a new collaborative project, titled ShriLektric. The same year, the musician was featured in season 1, episode 5 of The Dewarists . In 2015, Shri published the album Just a Vibration , a collaboration with Hammonds Saltaire Brass Band. ", ["2_274"]] [20275, "Just Pals is a 1920 American silent Western film directed by John Ford , and was Ford's first film for Fox Film Corporation . John Ford is credited as 'Jack Ford', as was typical for his earliest films. The film introduces the theme of the partnership between two vagabonds, a young man and a boy, who support and help each other. Buck Jones and Georgie Stone already anticipates some of the elements that will contribute to the extraordinary success of Charles Chaplin and Jackie Coogan in The Kid (1921). The sheriff in the film, played by Duke R. Lee , keeps saying five times in the film, \"The law'll take care o' this!\".The town bum, Bim (Buck Jones), rescues Bill, (Georgie Stone) thrown off a train by brakeman (Bert Appling). Bim gives Bill a bath and promises Mary (Helen Ferguston) to take Bim to school. Bill steals a uniform so Bim can get a job but gets hurt jumping off the train. Bim takes him to the town Doctor (Edwin Tilton) where his wife (Eunice Murdock) discovers Bill may be a runaway with a reward. They plot to keep Bill away from Bim. Mary is wooed by Harvey Cahill (William Buckley). Next, the townspeople come to her for the memorial fund and she gives Bim a note to get the fund from Harvey. Mary supposedly sees a boy drowning some kittens and faints. Bim sees Mary being carried to the doctor, reads the note and confronts Harvey who gives him the money he has stolen. The town sheriff (Duke R Lee) opens the safe to find the money missing. Bim is arrested for returning the money but escapes with Bill. Bim and Bill meet up with outlaws planning to rob the town bank. Bim tries to stop them but the outlaws tie them up. Nearby a car roars down a hill, the driver is thrown out. A boy comes out, frees them and they pursue the outlaws into town. Bim catches them robbing the bank, the towns people catch them. Outlaw (Slim Padgell) claims Bim is one of them and Bim is tied up. Harvey attempts to escape with Mary while Bill tells the sheriff he is the real villain. A rich man appears claiming to be Bill\u2019s father but upon seeing him says he isn\u2019t. The boy from the car turns out to be the man\u2019s son and Bim gets a reward for rescuing him. Harvey is unmasked as the chauffeur who kidnapped the boy and is arrested. Bim and Bill, dressed in suits show up at Mary\u2019s house. Bim stumbles through a proposal and they walk off.", ["2_275"]] [20276, "Nisyros also spelled Nisiros ( Greek : \u039d\u03af\u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 , romanized : N\u00edsyros ; Modern Greek pronunciation: [\u02c8nisiros] ) is a volcanic Greek island and municipality located in the Aegean Sea . It is part of the Dodecanese group of islands, situated between the islands of Kos and Tilos . Its shape is approximately round, with a diameter of about 8\u00a0km (5\u00a0mi), and an area of 41.6\u00a0km 2 (16.062\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Several other islets are in the direct vicinity of Nisyros, the largest of which is Gyali , with a population of 22 citizens. The Municipality of Nisyros includes Gyal\u00ed, as well as uninhabited Pachei\u00e1, Pergo\u00fassa, Kandelioussa, \u00c1gios Ant\u00f3nios and Strong\u00fdli. It has a total land area of 50.055\u00a0km 2 (19.326\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) and a total population of 1,048 inhabitants (2021). The island was also called Nisiro in Italian and \u0130ncirli in Turkish.The island has a 3-to-4-kilometre (1.9 to 2.5\u00a0mi) wide caldera , and was formed within the past 150,000 years, with three separate eruptive stages, ranging from explosive and effusive andesitic eruptions to explosive and effusive dacitic and rhyolitic activity. Its coasts are generally rocky or pebbled, but there are also a few sandy beaches (mainly in the northeastern part). The volcano is currently active but not erupting, and fumaroles are found at the craters. It has had four historical eruptions, all of which had a VEI of 2. Almost all of its eruptions involved phreatic activity. The latest eruptive activity was a steam explosion in 1888, after small ash eruptions in 1871 and 1873, and earthquakes are frequent. A period of seismic unrest in 1996\u20131997 led an international team of scientists to initiate monitoring of the volcanic unrest, as part of the European Union sponsored Geowarn project. The entire volcanic complex includes the seafloor between Nisyros and Kos , the island of Gyali and a part of Kos island.Nisyros can experience the Meltemi Etesian wind through June - August. This is most obvious on the eastern and western flanks of the volcano, where trees are bent towards the south from the force of the winds. The wind may be especially strong on the island due to jet effects as it passes over Kos.According to the station of the National Observatory of Athens , Nisyros has a hot semi-arid climate ( K\u00f6ppen climate classification : BSh ) with mild winters and hot summers. Nisyros has an average annual temperature of around 20.0\u00b0C and an average annual precipitation of around 350 mm (May 2017-Mar 2023). Nisyros has one of the most important, high enthalpy, geothermal fields in Greece, with a fluid temperature of over 350 \u00b0C and a high pressure of 18 bar, while, based on feasibility studies, the geothermal potential of the island is at least 50 MW. Over time, efforts have been made by the operator, PPC Renewables , to exploit geothermal energy in the area for energy production.The most recent implementation scenario foresaw the gradual creation and operation of a geothermal plant with a capacity of 20 to 25 MW in cooperation with international specialized institutions. Given the estimated energy needs of Nisyros (1\u20132 MW), it was considered possible to supply electricity to the neighbouring islands of Kos, Tilos, Kalymnos, and Leros. However, long-lasting mobilisations of the local community of Nisyros have stopped for years any attempt to implement the exploitation plans of the geothermal field. Indeed, in 1997 the Municipality of Nisyros held a referendum on the issue, with the result being 87% against the plans of the PPC. Entities of Nisyros, such as the Nisyros Studies Company, some municipal authorities, and many scientists of the sector, have expressed their objections to the plans of PPC Renewables, raising safety issues due to the particular danger of the volcano of Nisyros, the seismic activity that often follows similar drilling, and the management of toxic waste. A particularly important point of friction was the fact that the local community felt that it had been ignored in the decision-making process and in the subsequent management organization of the project. The island is reachable by ship from Piraeus , Rhodes and Kos, and in summer, there are many daily trips from the village of Kardamena on Kos. There is also a heliport . The main town and port of the island is Mandraki (pop. 660). Other villages are Paloi (239), Nikia (61), and Emporeios (27). According to the 2011 census, the municipality's resident population is 1,008 (including 21 on Gyali ), although in summer it is augmented by many tourists as well as expatriate Nisyrians who visit the island for their vacations. Tourism is not so heavily developed as on other Greek islands. Deposits of perlite and pumice on Gyali provide much of the wealth of the island. The island used to be self-sufficient, and many crops were grown on its terraced slopes. Today, though, they are cultivated on a smaller scale.According to Greek mythology , the island was formed when Poseidon cut off a part of Kos and threw it onto the giant Polybotes to stop him from escaping. The ancient name of the Nisyros was Porphyris . Ancient walls, dating from the 5th century BC, part of the acropolis of the island, are found near Mandraki.It was apparently also a source of millstones used in some of the earliest watermills , being referred to by epigrammatist Antipater of Thessalonica in the 1st century BC. The island is mentioned by Homer in the Iliad . In Roman times it became part of the Insulae province .Between X-XI centuries, Genoese captains and adventurers who had a private fleet organized in clans united by family ties, exercised sovereignty and maritime control on behalf of the Byzantines , and these clans in exchange for the protection of the seas were given a concession to exploit raw materials, rights of trade and collection of customs duties.The Knights Hospitaller in 1315 were allowed to settle on the island upon payment of rent to Genoese government ruled by the Vignolo family, and they built the crusader castle.In the following centuries there were clashes between Turks and Venetian crusaders, and with uncertain outcomes the island passed to the Ottomans in 1566; then passed almost 4 centuries later from the Ottomans to the Italians in 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War , along with the rest of the Dodecanese islands . It finally was annexed to the Greek Kingdom after the Second World War , in 1947.The patron saint of the island is New Martyr Niketas of Nisyros. [ citation needed ] Many Orthodox Christian churches are found on the island, as well as four monasteries which are not inhabited by monks today, although various celebrations take place in them. [ citation needed ] The largest monastery is the one of Panagia Spiliani (Blessed Virgin Mary of the cave) at Mandraki; it is built beside the medieval castle erected by the Knights Hospitaller . [ citation needed ]Nisyrus was a suffragan of Rhodes, but the bishopric faded. Known bishops included Matthaeus de Cheselles (appointed 1436), Pierre Fridaricus (served from the 1480s), Pedro Xague (appointed 1560), and Jer\u00f3nimo Clavijo (appointed 1564). The diocese was nominally restored in 1927 as Titular See of the lowest (Episcopal) rank, initially named Nysirus (Curiate Italian Nisiro), and renamed Nisyrus in 1928.It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents:A traditional product of Nisyros is soumada , a non-alcoholic almond -flavoured drink.Mandraki is twinned with the following municipalities:", ["2_276"]] [20277, "David Henry Jacobs (30 April 1888 \u2013 6 June 1976) was a Welsh -born track and field sprinter . He was the first British Jew to win an Olympic gold medal . Jacobs was born in Cardiff to John Jacobs (previously Yaakov), who was a general dealer from London. His athletics career started in London with Herne Hill Harriers in 1908. His interest in athletics was aroused by watching the 1908 Olympic Games .At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Jacobs won a gold medal as the first leg in the British 4 \u00d7 100 m relay team, despite finishing second behind the United States in the semifinals. The United States was later disqualified for a fault in passing the baton, the same mistake made in the finals by the world record holder and main favourite German team.Jacobs competed in the 100m and 200m individual events but was eliminated in the semifinals. Although many times a Welsh champion, Jacobs never succeeded in winning an AAA title. He finished third in the 440 yards event at the 1910 AAA Championships , second behind Willie Applegarth at the 1912 AAA Championships and second again behind George Nicol at the 1913 AAA Championships . Jacobs retired from active sport after World War I . He died suddenly in Aberconwy , aged 88, while on holiday from his London home. His body was returned to London, where he was buried in a Jewish cemetery, at East Ham . At the time of his death, he was Britain's oldest Olympic gold medalist. ", ["2_277"]] [20282, "Lake Vilacota (possibly from Aymara wila red / blood, quta lake, \"red lake\") is a lake in the region of Tacna , in Peru . More precisely, it belongs to Tarata Province , Susapaya District , along the border with the Santa Rosa District of El Collao Province in the neighboring region of Puno . It has a surface elevation of 4,390 metres (14,403\u00a0ft) above sea level and a catchment area of 1,440 square kilometres (556\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Yucamane volcano lies west of the lake. To the east of Lake Vilacota there is a smaller lake named Ancocota (possibly Aymara for \"white lake\"); [ citation needed ] both lakes being connected by a short river. Moreover, both lakes are the headwaters of Mauri River . This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_282"]] [20283, "The Woman on the Index is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Hobart Henley and starring Pauline Frederick and her then husband playwright Willard Mack . It was Frederick's first film at Goldwyn Pictures after coming over from Paramount. It is based on a 1918 Broadway play, The Woman on the Index , that starred Julia Dean . As described in a film magazine, Sylvia Martin's (Frederick) past is that of despair. Turned out of an unhappy home, she becomes the wife of a handsome and manly type of crook. However, before the marriage can be consummated , he kills himself to avoid arrest. Sylvia is put on trial for murder and acquitted, but her name is recorded in a police index that falls into the hands of Hugo Declasse (Mack), an astute agent of the Bolsheviki . He pursues the wife, but she is also compelled to lend herself to the schemes of a secret service officer. She through her cleverness obtains documents held in the rooms of Declasse. In the end, she is returned to the arms of a forgiving and adoring husband.This article related to an American film of the 1910s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_283"]] [20284, "The Fifield Town Hall is a civic building in Fifield, Wisconsin , built in 1894. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Fifield was founded in 1876, where the Wisconsin Central Railroad crossed the south fork of the Flambeau River in the big northern forest. Logging boomed and the population grew. A town hall was built in 1882, but burned in the fire of 1893, along with Fifield's whole business district of 60 buildings. The following spring, the town rebuilt the current hall with the same dimensions, headed by carpenter Theodore Ristin. The hall initially housed all functions of local government, with a clerk's room with a vault, and a two-celled jail. It also hosted meetings of community organizations like the VFW and the Red Cross, and social functions like local plays, graduations, lectures, traveling shows, medicine shows , and dances in the \"opera house\" upstairs. Elections were held here, and public announcements like the closing of the polls were made from the front balcony. In 1966 a new town hall was built and the old hall was considered for demolition, but instead it was restored and now serves as the Price County Historical Society Museum , operated by the historical society of Price County, Wisconsin . ", ["2_284"]] [20285, "Anthony Nathaniel Davis (born October 11, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and was selected by the 49ers in the first round of the 2010 NFL draft . Davis attended Piscataway Township High School in New Jersey , where he played for the Piscataway Chiefs high school football team. He was a three-year starter and recorded more than 70 pancake blocks for his career. In his sophomore season, Davis was a teammate to fellow NFL players Kyle Wilson , and Malcolm Jenkins and helped the team to an undefeated season, and its third consecutive state title. Davis played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and was earned First-team All-American honors by USA Today .Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com , Davis was listed as the No. 1 offensive tackle prospect in the nation. He was also listed as the top prospect coming out of high school in the nation. He was also regarded as the top prospect from New Jersey and received over 50 scholarship offers, he chose Rutgers over Ohio State , becoming the first No. 1 prospect from New Jersey to sign with head coach Greg Schiano at Rutgers, and the highest rated since Nate Robinson in 2003.In his freshman year at Rutgers, Davis played in all 13 games on the year. He was named starting right guard for the sixth game of the season and started the final eight games of the 2007 season . He earned First-team Freshman All-American honors by the Football Writers Association of America , The Sporting News and Rivals.com , and Second-team All-American laurels from Scout.com .Davis was moved to left tackle before the 2008 season , and started 12 games at that position. He was named to the Second-team All-Big East by the league's head coaches and a First-team All-Big East honoree by the media.In 2009, Davis was First-team All-Big East and Second-team All-America.After the 2009 St. Petersburg Bowl , Davis said on the field that he scheduled a news conference for December 22, to announce his NFL plans. At that news conference, he declared his intentions to enter the 2010 NFL draft , and said he would hire an agent. Davis was drafted in the first round with the 11th overall pick by the San Francisco 49ers after the 49ers traded up from the 13th overall pick with the Denver Broncos in order to select Davis. On July 30, 2010, Davis signed a five-year contract worth $37.5 million, with $15.95 million guaranteed. At the end of the 2012 season, Davis and the 49ers appeared in Super Bowl XLVII . He started in the game, but the 49ers fell to the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 34\u201331. On June 5, 2015, Davis announced he would not be playing during the 2015 season, stating he wanted time to \"let his brain and body heal\". He vowed a return after the break, however, claiming he wanted to return as the best right tackle in the league. On July 25, 2016, Davis filed reinstatement paperwork aiming to return to the team by the start of training camp. On July 30, Davis was officially reinstated by the league and re-joined the 49ers in time for their training camp . On September 26, 2016, Davis announced his decision to retire again from the league, and was subsequently placed on the reserve/left squad list.On May 3, 2019, he applied for reinstatement from retirement. On May 28, 2019, he was released from the 49ers' reserve/left squad list. ", ["2_285"]] [20286, "40\u00b047\u203237\u2033N 73\u00b058\u203223\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 40.79361\u00b0N 73.97306\u00b0W \ufeff / 40.79361; -73.97306 Pomander Walk is a cooperative apartment complex in Manhattan , New York City , located on the Upper West Side between Broadway and West End Avenue . The complex consists of 27 buildings. Four buildings face West 94th Street, and another seven face West 95th Street, including one with a return facade on West End Avenue. The \"Walk\" itself, consisting of two rows of eight buildings facing each other across a narrow courtyard, runs through the middle of the block between 94th and 95th, with a locked gate at each end. Each building originally had one apartment on each floor. In recent years, some buildings have been reconfigured to serve as single-family homes. Pomander Walk is different in style and out of scale with the tall buildings that surround it. Author and former resident Darryl Pinckney called it \"an insertion of incredible whimsy\" into the Upper West Side. It is not open to the public and visit is by invitation only.The complex is named for Pomander Walk , a romantic comedy by Louis N. Parker that opened in New York in 1910. The play is set on an imaginary byway near London. The place as built bears a tenuous resemblance to the setting described in the play as \"a retired crescent of five very small, old-fashioned houses near Chiswick , on the river-bank. ... They are exactly alike: miniature copies of Queen Anne mansions\". New York City's Pomander Walk is Tudoresque , a style that enjoyed a vogue in America in the years following World War I.\nThe Walk is not a mews , though often so-called, having no history as a stables. The buildings may fairly be described as Storybook Houses , an architectural trend of the 1920s in England and the United States.Pomander Walk was built in 1921 by nightclub impresario Thomas J. Healy who planned to build a major hotel on the site. According to city historian Christopher Gray , when Healy was unable to get financing for a hotel, he built the houses that stand on the site today, apparently to provide a temporary cash-flow while he waited to raze them and build the hotel. It was designed by the New York architecture firm King and Campbell . Healy died in 1927, however, so Pomander Walk remained. By the 1970s, the complex was rundown and at risk of being demolished. However, it was saved with a City, State, and National Historic Landmark designation in 1982 after tenants banded together to block redevelopment. An earlier application for City Landmark status had been rejected in 1966. In 2009 the owners completed a four-year facade renovation, restoring architectural details that had been lost for decades. In 2008 Landmark West! bestowed their Building Rehabilitation Award on Pomander Walk. Past residents of Pomander Walk include Nancy Carroll , Ward Morehouse , Herbert Stothart , Paulette Goddard , Michael Sorkin and Rosalind Russell .The protagonist of This Time Tomorrow , a 2022 novel by Emma Straub , grew up living on Pomander Walk. ", ["2_286"]] [20287, "Andreas Siljestr\u00f6m (born 21 July 1981) is a Swedish former professional tennis player who specialized in doubles and a pickleball player. He has a career doubles high-ranking of world No. 57 achieved in May 2012. He is among the tallest male players on the tour; only Reilly Opelka at 2.11 metres (6\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in), Ivo Karlovi\u0107 at 2.11 metres (6\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in), and John Isner at 2.08 metres (6\u00a0ft 10\u00a0in) are taller than him.", ["2_287"]] [20289, "The Shell Grotto - ( Welsh : Groto Cregyn ) - (sometimes called the Shell Hermitage ) is a Grade II* listed (as of 7 February 1962) late-18th-century stone built, cylindrical, slate roofed shell grotto decorated with shells and animal bones on the interior. It stands on a prominent ridge 700\u00a0ft (213\u00a0m) above sea level, within the boundary of Pontypool Park , Torfaen in south Wales . It is considered to be the best surviving grotto in Wales . It is an important local landmark commanding views south towards the Severn Estuary . A little further along the same ridge can be found the Folly Tower . The grotto was commissioned by John Hanbury as a hunting lodge/summerhouse in the late 18th century. The Hanbury family were local ironmasters who owned Pontypool Park . During the early 19th century, Capel Hanbury Leigh (6 Oct 1776 - 28 Sep 1861) undertook renovations of the family house and park's grounds and it is thought that his wife Molly Ann (married 14 Apr 1797, she was the widow of Sir Robert Humphrey Mackworth (died 1794)) was responsible for the interior shell decoration.Although there is no direct evidence that the shell interior was Molly's invention, it is known that she was an avid collector of shells (and built another shell grotto near her home at Gnoll ). The shell decoration within grottoes was common during the 19th century and it follows that Molly may have followed the trend and begun the work to place the shells in the grotto.The Hanbury family used the grotto for picnics during nearby shoots throughout the 19th century. During 1882 the then Prince of Wales (later Edward VII ), is said to have picnicked at the grotto during a shoot.The grotto is constructed of local red Pennant sandstone and conical stone tiled with a fan vaulted roof (with six fans rising from six pillars) and the supporting pillars and ceiling are covered with thousands of shells interspersed with minerals and real stalactites removed from caves in the local area. The interior walls are mostly bare stone, with some embedded calcite crystals. The floor incorporates animal bones and teeth forming arcs, circles, stars, hearts and diamonds. The two remaining windows contain coloured glass.During the 20th century the grotto began to fall into disrepair and by the early 1990s the building was beginning to suffer from the elements as well as vandals. The roof of the grotto had collapsed, and some of the outer walls were beginning to crumble. Public access to the grotto was stopped during the 1970s.Without renovation the grotto could have been lost totally. Initial reviews of the cost of renovating the property were very high and the local council sought external financial assistance.Although some minor restoration to the roof was undertaken in January 1992, the grotto continued to suffer and the external walls were quickly becoming a major issue. It was during 1992 and 1993 that the intervention of the Welsh Heritage Authority, Cadw , and the European Regional Development Fund , that enough donations were secured to cover complete restoration of the building.The exterior of the building was restored over eight months during 1993 and 1994 which included repairs to damaged stone work, renovation of the chimney, roof timber replacement, a new roof, a replacement door and new windows and shutters.The summer of 1994 saw completion of the exterior work, at a cost of \u00a375,000. Although the exterior was now complete the magnificent shell interior was in complete disarray, due to the elements, the collapsed roof and vandals.In 1995 a campaign was begun to raise funds to match the local council's resources to restore to former glories the interior of the grotto. Donations were secured once again from Cadw and from the Heritage Lottery Fund in Wales.Restoration of the shell interior commenced in 1996 and a specialist team of conservators - St Blaise Ltd. - did the restoration of the intricate plaster and shell work. Repairs to the ceiling, pillars, walls and floors took four months to complete.A photographic record had been taken of the shell interior some years earlier and this was invaluable in ensuring that the repairs were true to character. Many of the shells and minerals that had been dislodged had been stored away and these, together with replacement material, were used in the restoration process. British shells provide the majority of the shells used and include mussels , cockles , periwinkles and limpets , accompanied by a few examples of exotic species such as pearl oyster , conch and cowrie .The restoration of one of the finest shell grottoes in Wales was completed in December 1996, enabling residents and visitors to Pontypool to once again visit the grotto and enjoy the shell interior and panoramic views.The root work around walls and ceiling was riddled with worm. To stabilise these almost hollow structures a resin and solvent mixture was painstakingly injected into the holes with a hypodermic needle. When the solvent evaporated the resin hardened making the whole root solid.The rustic chairs were restored by piecing in new segments which were missing, repairing broken sections, and scraping back layers of modern paint. The chairs had originally been painted, the dull green colour being analysed under the microscope and dated to the middle 19th Century. With the new pieces of wood needing to be painted, it was decided to repaint all chairs in a specially mixed colour to match the original.Visiting the grotto involves a steep climb over uneven ground so access can be difficult.51\u00b042\u203212\u2033N 3\u00b001\u203226\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 51.70345\u00b0N 3.02390\u00b0W \ufeff / 51.70345; -3.02390", ["2_289"]] [20290, "The Virtus et Fraternitas Medal (Polish name: Medal Virtus et Fraternitas ; Latin for \"Courage and Brotherhood\") is a Polish state decoration established on 9 November 2017. It is awarded by the President of Poland on recommendation of the director of the Pilecki Institute as a token of commemoration and gratitude to those who provided aid and assistance to Polish citizens against Soviet and Nazi Germany war crimes as well as other crimes motivated by nationalism committed between 1917\u20131990. It is also bestowed to honor individuals who voluntarily keep alive the memory of those who did not survive the war or the forced deportations, and found their graves abroad. The medal has been conceptually compared to Yad Vashem 's Righteous Among the Nations Awards . The medal is round and silver. On the obsverse it is inscribed \"VIRTUS ET FRATERNITATIS\" ( virtue and brotherhood ). In the center of the medal carved stylized image of the White Eagle . The cross is 36\u00a0mm in diameter. The Virtus et Fraternitas Medal is suspended from a purple ribbon, 36\u00a0mm wide. Symmetrically arranged along the edges of the ribbon are gold stripes each 4\u00a0mm wide, both 4\u00a0mm from the edge. The medal was awarded for the first time on 19 June 2019. Among the awarded were: The second awarding of medals took place on June 2, 2021 at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw . They were given to the following persons: The third award ceremony of medals took place on June 15, 2022 at the Belweder Palace in Warsaw. They were given to the following persons: On 20 December 2022 were decorated: On 6 July 2023 were decorated: ", ["2_290"]] [20291, "The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn , Manchester and Leigh , in North West England . It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater , to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 from Worsley to Manchester, and later extended from Manchester to Runcorn, and then from Worsley to Leigh. The canal is connected to the Manchester Ship Canal via a lock at Cornbrook; to the Rochdale Canal in Manchester; to the Trent and Mersey Canal at Preston Brook , southeast of Runcorn; and to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Leigh. It once connected with the River Mersey at Runcorn but has since been cut off by a slip road to the Silver Jubilee Bridge . Following the re-routing of roads to the Silver Jubilee Bridge, the Runcorn Locks Restoration Society campaigns to reinstate the flight of locks. The Bridgewater Canal is described as the first great achievement of the canal age, although the Sankey Canal opened earlier. Bridgewater captured the public imagination because of its engineering feats; it required the construction of an aqueduct to cross the River Irwell , and a tunnel at Worsley. Its success helped inspire a period of intense canal building in Britain, known as Canal Mania . It later faced intense competition from the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the Macclesfield Canal . Navigable throughout its history, it is one of the few canals in Britain not to have been nationalised, and remains privately owned. Pleasure craft now use the canal which forms part of the Cheshire Ring network of canals.Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater , owned some of the coal mines dug to supply North West England with fuel for the steam engines instrumental in powering England's Industrial Revolution . The duke transported his coal along the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and also by packhorse , but each method was inefficient and expensive; river transport was subject to the vagaries of river navigation, and the amount of coal packhorses could carry was limited by its relative weight. The duke's underground mines also suffered from persistent flooding, caused by the geology of the Middle Coal Measures , where the coal seam lies beneath a layer of permeable sandstone .Having visited the Canal du Midi in France and watched the construction of the Sankey Canal in England, the duke's solution to these problems was to build an underground canal at Worsley, connected to a surface canal between Worsley and Salford . In addition to easing overland transport difficulties and providing drainage for his mines, an underground canal would provide a reliable source of water for the surface canal, and also eliminate the need to lift the coal to the surface (an expensive and difficult proposition). The canal boats would carry 30 long tons (30\u00a0t) at a time, pulled by only one horse\u00a0\u2013 more than ten times the amount of cargo per horse that was possible with a cart. The duke and his estate manager John Gilbert produced a plan of the canal, and in 1759 obtained an act of Parliament , the Bridgewater Canal Act 1758 ( 32 Geo. 2 . c. 2 ), enabling its construction. [ a ]James Brindley was brought in for his technical expertise (having previously installed a pumping system at the nearby Wet Earth Colliery ), and after a six-day visit suggested varying the route of the proposed canal away from Salford, instead taking it across the River Irwell to Stretford and thereon into Manchester. This route would make connecting to any future canals much easier, and would also increase competition with the Mersey and Irwell Navigation company. Brindley moved into Worsley Old Hall and spent 46\u00a0days surveying the proposed route, which to cross the Irwell would require the construction of an aqueduct at Barton-upon-Irwell . At the duke's behest, in January 1760 Brindley also travelled to London to give evidence before a parliamentary committee . The duke therefore gained a second act of Parliament, the Bridgewater Canal Act 1759 ( 33 Geo. 2 . c. 2 ), which superseded the original. [ b ]Brindley's planned route began at Worsley and passed southeast through Eccles , before turning south to cross the River Irwell on the Barton Aqueduct . From there it continued southeast along the edge of Trafford Park , and then east into Manchester. Although a connection with the Mersey and Irwell Navigation was included in the new act, at Hulme Locks in Castlefield (on land previously occupied by Hulme Hall ), this was not completed until 1838. The terminus would be at Castlefield Basin, where the nearby River Medlock was to help supply the canal with water. Boats would unload their cargoes inside the duke's purpose-built warehouse. There were no locks in Brindley's design, demonstrating [ clarification needed ] his ability as a competent engineer. The Barton Aqueduct was built relatively quickly for the time; work commenced in September 1760 and the first boat crossed on 17\u00a0July 1761. The duke invested a large sum of money in the scheme. From Worsley to Manchester its construction cost \u00a3168,000 (equivalent to \u00a333,000,000 in 2023), but its advantages over land and river transport meant that within a year of its opening in 1761, the price of coal in Manchester fell by about half. This success helped inspire a period of intense canal building, known as Canal Mania . Along with its stone aqueduct at Barton-upon-Irwell, the Bridgewater Canal was considered a major engineering achievement. One commentator wrote that when finished, \"[the canal] will be the most extraordinary thing in the Kingdom, if not in Europe. The boats in some places are to go underground, and in other places over a navigable river, without communicating with its waters\". In addition to the duke's warehouse at Manchester, more buildings were built by Brindley and extended to Alport Street (now called Deansgate ). The warehouses were of timber-frame design, with load-bearing hand-made brick walls, supported on cast iron posts. The duke's warehouse was badly damaged by fire in 1789 but was rebuilt. In September 1761, with his assistant Hugh Oldham, Brindley surveyed an extension from Longford Bridge to Hempstones, near Halton, Cheshire . He assisted in obtaining parliamentary approval for the Bridgewater Canal Extension Act 1762 ( 2 Geo. 3 . c. 11 ) which allowed the construction of an extension to the canal, from Manchester, to the River Mersey at Runcorn . Despite objections from the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company, Royal assent was given on 24\u00a0March 1762. A junction, Waters Meeting, was created in Trafford Park , at which the new extension branched south through Stretford , Sale , Altrincham , Lymm and finally to Runcorn .In December 1761 Brindley undertook a survey of the route at Runcorn. His initial plan was to make the terminus at Hempstones, east of Runcorn Gap, but following a study of the tides and depth of water there, he decided instead to build the terminus west of Runcorn Gap. This change was designed to accommodate Mersey flats , although the low fixed bridges required that traffic on the canal be able to lower or unship their masts. Runcorn basin was almost 90 feet (27\u00a0m) above the Mersey, so a flight of ten locks, described as \"the wonder of their time\", was built to connect the two. Nine locks had a fall of 2 metres (7\u00a0ft), with a fall at the river lock of more than 6 metres (20\u00a0ft) at low water. It allowed vessels to enter and leave the canal on any tide . The connection to the Mersey was made on 1\u00a0January 1773. The river's tidal action tended to deposit silt around the lower entrance to the locks, so to counteract this a channel, equipped with gates at each end and known as the Duke's Gut, was cut through the marshes upriver from the locks. At high tide the gates were closed, and with the ebb of the tide were opened to release water, which scoured the silt from the entrance to the locks. The cut created an island, known as Runcorn Island, crossed by Castle Bridge. The connection to Manchester was delayed by Sir Richard Brooke of Norton Priory . Concerned that boatmen might poach his game and wildfowl, Brooke did not want the canal to pass through his land. The act included several stipulations: the canal should not come within 325 metres (1,066\u00a0ft) of his house; the towpath should be on the south side of the canal, furthest away from Brooke's house; there should be no quays, buildings, hedges or fences to obstruct the view; no vessels were to be moored within 1,000 metres (3,281\u00a0ft) of the house, other than during construction. Eventually, though, a compromise was reached. This included the construction of a link to the Trent and Mersey Canal at Preston Brook (permitted by the Trent and Mersey Canal Act 1766 ), and the building of the canal's terminus to the west of Runcorn Gap. The Trent and Mersey link gave the Duke access to the Midlands, and forestalled the Weaver Trustees from making their own junction with the canal. The new extension also met with opposition from the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, until the duke purchased a controlling interest in the company. The first part of the new extension was opened in 1767, and completed in full by March 1776, but Brindley did not live to see its completion; it was continued by his brother-in-law, Hugh Henshall . The total cost of the canal, from Worsley to Manchester and from Longford Bridge to the Mersey at Runcorn, was \u00a3220,000. Alongside the Mersey, the duke built Runcorn Dock , several warehouses, and Bridgewater House , a temporary home from which he could supervise operations at the Runcorn end. Two locks up from the tideway was a small dry dock . In 1766 the duke gained a fourth act of Parliament, the Bridgewater Canal Act 1766 ( 6 Geo. 3 . c. 17 ) for a branch canal between Sale Moor and Stockport which was to follow the valley of the Mersey. The act was applied for to counter a proposed canal that would give the towns of Stockport and Macclesfield access to the Mersey, via the River Weaver . The work was not done, the act lapsed and this section of canal was never built. Over two decades later, the nearby Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal had sought a connection to other waterways, and it appears that the duke had planned to limit the activities of the new company. On 15 December 1792 the duke purchased a portion of the Ringspiggot estate in Salford which blocked the MB&BC's plans to build a riverside basin and wharfs there. In 1795 the duke secured a fifth act, the Bridgwater Canal Act 1795 ( 35 Geo. 3 . c. 44), which enabled him to extend the canal a further 5 miles (8\u00a0km) from Worsley via Boothstown , Astley Green and Bedford to Leigh. The new extension enabled the supply to Manchester of coal from Leigh and the surrounding districts. On 21 June 1819 an act of Parliament [ which? ] was enacted to create a link between this extension and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Wigan . Access to the canal brought about a rapid development in coal mining on the Manchester Coalfield west of Worsley. Chaddock pits in the east of Tyldesley were connected to an underground level from Worsley. In 1820, to ease congestion at the Delph in Worsley, Chaddock Pit was connected to the canal at Boothstown basin by an underground canal, the Chaddock Level which ran in a north west direction from the canal at Boothstown to the pit. Sometime after 1840 Samuel Jackson built a narrow gauge tramroad worked by horses from his Gin Pit Colliery to Marsland Green where he installed cranes and tipplers to load barges at a wharf. The tramroad was later worked by locomotives. In 1867 the Fletchers built a private railway line and the Bedford Basin with facilities for loading coal from Howe Bridge onto barges. Astley Green Colliery began winding coal on the north bank of the canal in 1912. In the 1940s and '50s coal was sent to Barton Power Station and Runcorn Gas Works. Upon completion of the Rochdale Canal in 1804, the two canals were joined at Castlefield. This connection may have been a factor in the failure of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal Company's rival scheme to build a canal between Bury and Sladen. The River Medlock, a major source of water for the canal and which was almost as badly polluted as the nearby Irwell, was diverted through a tunnel under the canal at Castlefield by Charles Edward Cawley , a civil engineer for the Salford Corporation and later a Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford . The canal was from that point supplied by the much purer water of the Rochdale Canal. Worsley Delph, in Worsley, originally a centuries-old sandstone quarry near Worsley Brook, was the entrance to the Navigable Levels. It is now a Scheduled Monument . Two entrances, built years apart, allow access to the specially built M-boats (also known as Starvationers), the largest of which could carry 12 long tons (12\u00a0t) of coal. Inside the mines 46 miles (74\u00a0km) of underground canal on four levels, linked by inclined planes, were constructed. The mines ceased production in 1887. As the canal passes through Worsley, iron oxide from the mines has, for many years, stained the water bright orange. The removal of this colouration is currently the subject of a \u00a32.5\u00a0million remedial scheme. In 1791 the mines at Worsley produced 100,282 long tons (101,891\u00a0t) of coal, 60,461 long tons (61,431\u00a0t) of which were \"sold down the navigation\"; 12,000 long tons (12,000\u00a0t) of rocksalt was also transported from Cheshire . Sales of coal were \u00a319,455, and nearly \u00a330,000 was earned from other cargoes. Passenger traffic in 1791 brought in receipts of \u00a33,781. The canal also carried passengers and was in keen competition with the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company (M&IN). The journey down river by the latter route took eight hours (nine hours in the up direction) while the journey on the Bridgewater Canal took nine hours each way. Fares were similar but the Bridgewater route was said to be \"more picturesque\". Boating men also used the canal. They lifted their small lightweight boats out of the M&IN at Runcorn, and carried them a short distance up the steep streets onto the Bridgewater Canal. Barges on the canal continued to be towed by horses until the middle of the 19th century, when they were replaced by steam-powered boats after a fatal epidemic spread through the horse population. The \"dense smoke\" produced by the steam barges and their \"harsh unnecessary whistling\" proved unpopular with some local residents, who also began to suffer from a condition known as canal throat, \"no doubt caused by the foul emanations given off by its [the Bridgewater Canal's] horribly filthy water\". The canal carried commercial freight traffic until 1975; the last regular cargo was grain from Liverpool to Manchester for BOCM. It is now used mainly by pleasure craft and hosts two rowing clubs\u00a0\u2013 Trafford Rowing Club and Manchester University Boat Club.The Duke of Bridgewater died on 8 March 1803. By his will the income from the canal was to be paid to his nephew George Leveson-Gower , the Marquess of Stafford (later the 1st Duke of Sutherland). On his death it was to go to Stafford's second son Francis , provided he changed his name to Egerton; and then to his heirs and successors. The management of the company was placed in the hands of three trustees. These were Sir Archibald Macdonald , who was Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer , Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt , at the time the Bishop of Carlisle and later the Archbishop of York , and, as Superintendent, Robert Haldane Bradshaw , the Duke's agent. Bradshaw managed the estate, for which he received a salary of \u00a32,000 a year and the use of the duke's mansions at Worsley and Runcorn. The other two trustees had each married nieces of the duke and were \"dummy trustees\". During the time the canal was administered by the Bridgewater Trustees, it made a profit every year. Until his retirement in 1834, the administration was carried out entirely by Bradshaw. It has been calculated that the average annual profit between 1806 and 1826 was of the order of 13 per cent, and in 1824, the best year, it was 23 per cent. Bradshaw found it difficult to delegate, and complained of being over-worked, but he was also regarded as being a \"formidable bargainer\". In 1805 he was approached by the proprietors of the nearby Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal to resolve a dispute with a Salford landowner, but his response was delayed. In 1810 there was a general agreement with the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company (M&IN) to simultaneously raise freight charges. However any cooperation between the two companies was short-lived and by 1812 the Mersey and Irwell had reduced their charges. Further competition was to come from other carriers who used the canal; in 1824 the traffic carried by private companies exceeded that carried by the Trustees for the first time. However, in time more profit came from \"tonnage traffic\" (that carried by private companies) than from the Bridgewater's own carriage of freight. Bradshaw's administration saw increased deterioration of the fabric of the canal, the locks, docks and warehouses. The undertakings were starved of capital largely owing to inadequate provision for it in the duke's will. There were also problems caused by silting around the entrance to the Mersey and by the changing channels of the river itself. During the 1820s there was increased dissatisfaction with the canals. They did not cope well with increasing volumes of cargo, and they were perceived as monopolistic, and the preserve of the landed gentry class. There was increased interest in the possibility of railway construction. The possible construction of a railway between Liverpool and Manchester was vigorously opposed by Bradshaw, who refused railway surveyors access to land owned by the trustees. When the first bill was presented to Parliament in 1825, the trustees opposed and it was overthrown. However, later in the year Lord Stafford, possibly persuaded to do so by William Huskisson , invested \u00a3100,000 (one-fifth of the required capital), in the Liverpool and Manchester Railway . Following this the trustees withdrew their opposition to the construction of the railway; they did not petition against the second bill, which was passed in 1826. At the same time as he made his investment in the railway, Lord Stafford advanced \u00a340,000 for improvements to the canal. This was spent mainly on a second line of locks at Runcorn, which were completed in 1828, plus new warehouses at Manchester and Liverpool. The additional line of locks cost \u00a335,000 and was used for traffic heading to Manchester, while the old line was used for traffic passing down to the Mersey. In 1830 the new railway opened and by the end of the year was carrying freight. Bradshaw immediately went into competition by lowering the rates of carriage on the canal and by offering improved terms to the private carriers. By so doing he managed to maintain the volume of traffic carried by the canal, both freight and passengers, at a time when the country was suffering a trade depression . However Bradshaw's tactics led to a sharp decline in profits. At the same time costs were rising, partly due to the use of steamboats on the Mersey. Further competition came with the opening of the Macclesfield Canal in 1831 which gave separate access to Manchester from the Midlands. In November 1831 Bradshaw suffered a stroke , as a result of which he lost the use of his left arm and leg, and there is evidence that it also impaired his judgement. Matters came to a head in 1833, the year in which the canal made its lowest profit since the death of the Duke. On 19\u00a0July the Marquess of Stafford (now the 1st Duke of Sutherland) died and the profits from the canal passed to Francis Egerton. On 25\u00a0September Bradshaw's son, Captain James Bradshaw , who had been acting as a deputy superintendent to the trustees, and who had been expected to succeed his father as superintendent, committed suicide. The agent for both Francis Egerton and his older brother, who was now the 2nd Duke of Sutherland , was James Loch . The events that followed were \"stage-managed by Loch\". He reported to Francis Egerton that Bradshaw was no longer fit to be superintendent, and then persuaded Bradshaw to retire on his full salary. It had been expected that he would appoint his other son, William Rigby Bradshaw, as his successor, but Loch persuaded him to appoint James Sothern in the position; Sothern had been the principal agent of the trust since December 1832. He took over the position of superintendent on 3\u00a0February 1834. The appointment of Sothern was not a success. Charges were made against him of dishonesty and of nepotism. He entered into disputes and disagreements with Loch, with Francis Egerton, and with the other two trustees. (Sir Archibald Macdonald had died in 1826; by this time his place had been taken by the 10th Earl of Devon ). To avoid a costly lawsuit, at the end of 1836 Sothern agreed to retire on various conditions which included receipt of \u00a345,000. On 1\u00a0March 1837, he was succeeded as superintendent by James Loch. Loch was extremely busy and did not have time to deal with the detailed administration of the Trust. He therefore looked for a deputy to take on these duties. His first choice was Richard Smith who was the mine agent to the Trustees of the 1st Earl of Dudley . However this was perceived as poaching and it led to such controversy that Smith declined the offer and recommended his son, George Samuel Fereday Smith for the post. Fereday Smith was appointed as Deputy Superintendent in March 1837 on a salary of \u00a3600 a year, half of the salary which had been offered to his father. Loch immediately undertook a reorganisation of the administration and efficiency of the business, restored the agreement with the Old Quay Company to raise freight charges, and improved the facilities for passengers, including the introduction of \"swift boats\". By 1837, the trustees employed around 3,000\u00a0people (including those working in the colliery and in Worsley Yard), making it one of the largest employers in the country at the time. Since the death of the Duke the amount of freight carried by the canal had almost trebled; in 1803 it carried 334,495 long tons (339,863\u00a0t) of goods and in 1836 968,795 long tons (984,341\u00a0t). In 1843 a new dock, the Francis Dock, was opened at Runcorn. The late 1830s and early 1840s had seen increased competition between the Bridgewater Canal on the one hand, and other canal companies and the railways on the other. The most dangerous of the rivals was the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company who started to reduce their rates again in 1840. This led to a price war between the two canal companies and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, who had previously cooperated on rates. Eventually, in desperation, the Bridgewater Trustees bought the Mersey and Irwell and took over its ownership on 1 January 1844. During the same year competition with other canals was further reduced by agreements made with the Ellesmere and Chester Canal Company and with the Anderton Carrying Company. In 1844 the canal made a profit of \u00a376,410, the second highest during the time it was administered by the Trustees. Having seen off competition from other canal companies, the next major threat was to come from the railways. This was the period in the mid-1840s known as the Railway Mania . The railways competed with the canals in three ways; by building, or threatening to build, new lines which would be in direct competition with the canals; by amalgamation into giant companies (such as the Midland and the London and North Western companies), which gave them more political power; and by taking over ownership of canal companies. On 13\u00a0April 1844 The Times newspaper reported that the canal was to be emptied of water, and converted into a railway, although nothing came of this scheme. In 1845, in return for concessions, the trustees supported the Grand Junction Railway in its campaign to build a more direct line to Liverpool, which crossed the Mersey over a bridge at Runcorn Gap. However the bill was overthrown in the House of Lords. Competition from the railways and other canals led to a decline in the trading and the profits between 1845 and 1848, but there was no \"disastrous collapse\". During this time the Trustees and their representatives were engaged in vigorous campaigns in Parliament to protect their interests. By October 1844 a bonding warehouse had been built in Manchester and the first cargo to arrive was announced in a letter to the Manchester Guardian , later printed in The Times :We have great pleasure in recording the first arrival in the Port of Manchester of a vessel, with an entire cargo of wines and spirits removed in bond, and for bonding in Manchester. The vessel, a flat named the Express, was wholly laden with a valuable cargo of wines and spirits, in all about 40 tons weight, belonging to Mr. William Gibb, spirit merchant, of this town, whose active and long-continued exertions in the struggle to obtain the privilege of bonding for this great and important borough are about to be acknowledged in the form of a substantial mark of respect and gratitude by his fellow-townsmen. The Express arrived from Liverpool on Saturday evening; but it was yesterday morning before she began to unload. She is lying in the Bridgewater Canal, Knott Mill where the Duke's trustees have constructed a large bonding vault, which Mr. Gibb has taken and had licensed for the purpose, and we believe he is now removing his stock of wine and spirits from other ports to Manchester, for the greater convenience of sampling and sale. The lockers, gaugers, and other officers of Customs were in attendance, superintending the unloading of the vessel and thus have commenced the operations of the Manchester Custom-house. It is a gratifying circumstance that a gentleman who took so prominent a part in the struggle to obtain the boon of bonding for Manchester should be the first to enjoy the fruits of its success. We hope ere long to record the general operation of the system; though it will require a little time, perhaps, as it must have a beginning.However, this venture was less successful than expected, as is evidenced by a letter to The Observer later that year, also printed in The Times :After the pressing demands which have been made by some of our principal manufacturing towns for the privileges of inland bonded warehouses for goods subject to Customs duties, it would naturally be supposed that the formation of a Custom-house establishment at Manchester would have occasioned a vast quantity of business in that extensive seat of British manufacturers; but we are informed that the result is very different from what had been expected. Although the system has been introduced into Manchester only as an experiment and a large establishment has been formed entirely of old and experienced officers; under the impression that the extent of business there would require the constant services of well tried men, we believe that, up to the present period, little trade has passed through the Manchester Custom-house and the officers' duties are nearly approaching to a sinecure. The total annual expense of this establishment, exclusive of that for the Custom-house and warehouse is \u00a32,620. The town council of the borough of Manchester, however, are made liable, under the act of the 7th and 8th of Victoria cap 81, to the charges of maintaining this establishment, and the public are thereby exonerated from the expense.Between 1849 and 1851 the competition between the Trustees and the railway companies intensified. Agreements and alliances were made and broken. Their major opponents were the London and North Western Railway and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway who reduced tariffs and took business away from the canals. For the first time the railways carried more trade between Liverpool and the towns of central Lancashire than the canals. The value of the traffic carried by the Bridgewater Canal in 1851 was the lowest in the time it was administered by the Trustees. In 1851 the Earl of Ellesmere hosted a visit to Manchester by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . They stayed at Worsley Hall, with a view of the canal, and were given a trip between Patricroft railway station and Worsley Hall, on state barges. Large crowds had gathered to cheer the royal party, which apparently frightened the horses drawing the barge so much that they fell into the canal. The Trustees spent much time between 1851 and 1855 in negotiations to ease the competition, especially that from the London and North Western Railway. The most likely allies seemed to be other railway companies, including the Shrewsbury and Birmingham and the Shrewsbury and Chester railway companies, and the Great Western Railway. Of these, the most likely seemed to be the Great Western Railway who, in their concern to expand northwards were willing to help the Trustees with the carriage of their traffic to the south. However years of negotiations came to no agreement and, in the end, the Trustees' railway deal was done with the London and North Western Railway, who agreed to cooperate with the onward passage of the Trustees' traffic. On 28\u00a0June 1855 James Loch, the Superintendent, died and was succeeded by Hon. Algernon Fulke Egerton , Lord Ellesmere's third son. He was then aged 29, and had been educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford ; he had been destined for a political life and had no experience of managing coal mines or canals. Since James Loch had been appointed, he had been mainly in control of the management of the Trustees, assisted by his son George Loch . During this time the role of Fereday Smith had been diminished; initially appointed as Deputy Superintendent, his position was reduced to that of Principal Agent in 1845. With the arrival of the inexperienced Algernon Egerton, Fereday Smith had a much greater say in the management. During the previous four years the Lochs had been reluctant to invest in improvements to the canal or Runcorn Dock, despite the increasing demand for the passage of goods through the dock, and the profits made during these years became stagnant. Fereday Smith had been keen on expansion and now his opportunity came. He first reduced the top-heavy administration of the Trust, and then took on the planning of the expansion of the business. The steamers owned by the Trustees had been neglected and were in a poor state; these were repaired or sold. George Loch, who had been opposed to using the Trustees' investments for improvements to the canals or docks, died in 1857. Between 1857 and 1872 the Trustees provided more capital for improvements from their own resources than at any previous time. The Runcorn and Weston Canal was built in 1858\u201359, providing a connection between Runcorn Docks and the Weaver Navigation . A new half tide dock , the Alfred Dock was opened at Runcorn in 1860. Electric telegraph was installed in 1861\u201362. In 1862 the 2nd\u00a0Earl of Ellesmere died and his son and heir, the 3rd\u00a0Earl was a minor , aged 15. This gave Algernon Egerton even more power to invest the profits of the company in developments. Negotiations were made to increase sea-borne trade, both British and foreign, through the canal. Building started on a new dock at Runcorn in 1867. Work was carried out in the Mersey estuary around the docks to improve access for vessels. Some of this was carried out in conjunction with the London and North Western Railway who were building a bridge across Runcorn Gap to take their line from Weaver Junction to Liverpool; the railway paid half the cost of the improvements, amounting to about \u00a320,000 (\u00a32.24\u00a0million today). Improvements were made to the Trustees' facilities at Liverpool, to the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and to the Bridgewater Canal itself. Agreements were made with the railway companies to cooperate on the transit of goods and the rates of carriage and \"the Trustees' fortunes entered a calmer phase\". In 1872 the Bridgewater Navigation Company Ltd was formed, and on Monday 9 September the canal was purchased in the names of Sir Edward William Watkin and William Philip Price, respectively chairmen of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway and the Midland Railway for \u00a31,120,000. The canal was sold again in 1885, when the Manchester Ship Canal Company paid the Bridgewater Navigation Company \u00a31,710,000 for all their property. The construction of the ship canal forced the removal of Barton Aqueduct and the construction", ["2_291"]] [20292, "Saigon Opera House ( Vietnamese : Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ), officially named Ho Chi Minh City Ballet, Symphony, Orchestra and Opera ( Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Giao h\u01b0\u1edfng, Nh\u1ea1c - v\u0169 k\u1ecbch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ), is a municipal opera house in downtown Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam . Alike other French-built opera houses during French colonial period , including Hanoi Opera House and Haiphong Opera House , it is an example of French Colonial architecture in Vietnam. Designed by French architects as the Op\u00e9ra de Sa\u00efgon , the building was completed in 1900. The 500-seat building served as the house of the unicameral National Assembly from 1956 until 1967 and subsequently as the seat of bicameral chambers: Lower House (H\u1ea1 Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n) and a Senate or Upper House (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n) of the National Assembly of South Vietnam . It housed the People's Congress of Deputies (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n) of the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. It was not until 1976 that it was again used as a theatre. The fa\u00e7ade was restored in 1998.The Municipal Theatre owes its specific characteristics to the work of architect F\u00e9lix Olivier , while construction was under supervision of architects Ernest Guichard and Eug\u00e8ne Ferret in 1900. Its architectural style is influenced by the flamboyant style of the French Third Republic , with the fa\u00e7ade shaped like the Petit Palais which was built in the same year in France. The house had a main seating floor plus two levels of seating above, and once was capable of accommodating 1,800 people. The design of all the inscriptions, d\u00e9cor, and furnishings were drawn by a French artist and sent from France. In accordance with the style employed, the fa\u00e7ade of the theatre was decorated with inscription and reliefs (like the Ho Chi Minh City Hall ), but it was criticized as being too ornate. In 1943 some of this decoration was removed, but a portion was restored by the city government for the 300th anniversary of Saigon in 1998. Today the capacity of the opera house is 500 seats.After the invasion of Cochinchina and the establishment of a colony , in 1863 French colonists invited a theatre company to Saigon to perform for the French legion in the villa of the French admiral at the Clock Square (Place de l'Horloge) (presently the corner of Nguyen Du and Dong Khoi streets). After a short time, a temporary theatre was built at the site of what is now the Caravelle Hotel . In 1898, the construction of the new theatre commenced on the site of the old one, and it was completed by 1 January 1900.Between World War I and World War II , all costs of mobilization and demobilization as well as other costs for the theatre companies from France to Saigon were paid by the municipal government. Despite the fact that the theatre was planned as an entertainment venue for the growing middle class, its audience declined as more and more night clubs and dance halls boomed in the city. During this period, performances were presented only occasionally, some being concerts and other cai luong programs.Following criticisms of the theatre's fa\u00e7ade and the high costs of organizing performances, the municipal government intended to turn the theatre into a concert hall (Salle de Concert), but this was never carried out. Instead, decorations, engravings and statues were removed from the theatre fa\u00e7ade in 1943 to make the theatre look more youthful. In 1944, the theatre was damaged by the Allied aerial attacks against Japanese Imperial Army , and the theatre stopped functioning. As Japan surrendered to the Allied forces, France returned to Cochinchina. In 1954, the French defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu led to the Geneva Accords in the same year. The theatre was then used as a temporary shelter for French civilians arriving from North Vietnam.In 1955, the theatre was restored as the seat of the Lower House of the State of Vietnam , then the Republic of Vietnam . After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government started holding the People's Assembly at the theatre. After the Reunification of Vietnam in 1976, the building was restored to its original function as a theatre. In 1998, on the occasion of 300th anniversary of the founding of Saigon, the municipal government had the theatre fa\u00e7ade restored.In 2020, Ho Chi Minh City Metro's Opera House Station opened to public viewing, with Line 1 operations scheduled to begin in 2023. ", ["2_292"]] [20294, "Cofre de Perote , also known by its Nahuatl names Naupa-Tecut\u00e9petl (from N\u0101uhpa-T\u0113uct\u0113petl ) and Nauhcampat\u00e9petl , both meaning something like \"Place of Four Mountains\" or \"Mountain of the Lord of Four Places\", is an inactive volcano located in the Mexican state of Veracruz , at the point where the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt , home to all of Mexico's highest peaks, joins the Sierra Madre Oriental . With an elevation of 4,282 metres (14,049\u00a0ft) above sea level, Cofre de Perote is Mexico's eighth highest mountain summit. Cofre de Perote is a shield volcano , shaped very differently from the stratovolcanic Pico de Orizaba , which lies about 50\u00a0km (31\u00a0mi) to the southeast. A cofre is a coffer , and the name alludes to a volcanic outcropping on the shield which constitutes the peak of the mountain. To the north is the town of Perote, Veracruz , after which the mountain is named.The area surrounding the volcano was protected by the Mexican government as a national park , known as Cofre de Perote National Park ( Spanish : Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote ), in 1937.Cofre de Perote features a humid alpine climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification ET ), without a dry season but having a rainier season in summer and autumn.", ["2_294"]] [20296, "Andrea Gamarnik ( Capital Federal , Argentina, 5 October 1964) is an Argentine molecular virologist noted for her work on Dengue fever . She received a 2016 L'Or\u00e9al-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science fellowship for work on mosquito -borne viruses include Dengue fever . She also was granted the Konex Award Merit Diploma in 2013 and the Platinum Konex Award in 2023 for her work in those last decades. She studied at the University of Buenos Aires and the University of California, San Francisco . She has done work for the Leloir Institute . She is the first female Argentinian to become a member of the American Academy of Microbiology . Gamarnik was raised in the city of Lan\u00fas . In 1988, she graduated in Biochemistry with golden medal in the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires , due to her family's effort and a scholarship from the Lanus College of Pharmacists. Gamarnik finished her doctorate studies in the same university in 1993, then, between 1994 and 1999, did a post-doctorate in virology in the University of California in San Francisco , where she studied the molecular mechanisms of poliovirus. Gamarnik worked at the biotech company ViroLogic on the development of phenotypic assays for HIV, and hepatitis B and C viruses between 2000 and 2001. She returned to Argentina at the end of 2001 to join the Leloir Institute, where she created the first Molecular Virology laboratory, and from which she has already published more than 30 research papers on the dengue virus. From 2005 to 2011, Gamarnik was an International Research Scholar at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She is currently head of the Molecular Virology Laboratory at the Leloir Institute Foundation, independent researcher at the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), associate editor of the journal PLoS Pathogens , and member of the editorial board of the journal Virology. One of the most important research that came out of the Molecular Virology laboratory at the Leloir Institute , was the discovery of the mechanism by which the dengue virus multiplies between molecules. Additionally, in 2015 they determined what the dengue virus needs to pass from mosquito to human, that is, how it changes to be able to infect two types of cells. Gamarnik actively participates in policy discussions related to the promotion of science and women in science, from speeches at award ceremonies or interviews with sitting presidents in Argentina, to signing public letters with the S&T Group. Additionally, she has published research in prestigious journals in her field such as Genes and Development, Virology, RNA and Journal of Biological Chemistry. Her studies on viral attenuation mechanisms are the basis for the design of vaccines, which resulted in a technology exported to the United States. During the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020, Gamarnik and her team at the Leloir Institute developed the first antibody test for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, \"COVIDAR IgG\", in only 45 days. This antibody test was manufactured in Argentina. ", ["2_296"]] [20297, "Milecastle 29 (Tower Tye) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall . Its remains exist as a mutilated earth platform accentuated by deep robber-trenches around all sides, and are located beside the B6318 Military Road . Like Milecastles 9 , 23 , 25 , and 51 , a ditch has been identified around the Milecastle, and is still visible to a small extent. It has been postulated that this was as a result of the need for drainage on the site. Milecastle 29 was a long-axis milecastle though the gateway type cannot be identified. Such milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio VI Victrix who were based in Eboracum ( York ), or by the legio XX Valeria Victrix who were based in Deva Victrix ( Chester ). The milecastle was stated in 1840 as having dimensions of 63 feet (19\u00a0m) North-South by 58 feet (18\u00a0m) East-West with both southern corners (away from the wall) being rounded off. The presence of a milecastle ditch is still evident, including a causeway crossing the ditch opposite the milecastle's south gate. A break in the north mound of the vallum and causeway over the vallum ditch (offset to the east) is also present. There is also disputable evidence of a causeway over the wall ditch opposite the milecastle's north gate. Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 29 are known as Turret 29A and Turret 29B .Turret 29A (Black Carts) is located about 100 metres (110\u00a0yd) east of the minor road to Simonburn , and exists within a 460 metres (500\u00a0yd) long stretch of extant curtain wall of Narrow gauge at this point, with clearly visible foundation stones. (The term 'carts' within the name is derived from the old English word ceart , which means rocky and rough. ) Although severely robbed on the south side, the masonry stands up to eleven courses high in the recess. The presence of the broad wing walls indicates that the fortification was constructed prior to Hadrian's Wall itself. The upright portions of the door frame are made from solitary stones. At the highest point of the structure, there are fourteen cut stones per horizontal row. The internal measurements of the turret are 3.45 metres (11.3\u00a0ft) by 3.40 metres (11.2\u00a0ft) and it is of a type thought to have been built by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix. The entrance is 0.9 metres (3.0\u00a0ft) wide, and located in the east side of the south wall. On the south side, the vallum is still visible. The turret was excavated in 1873, 1912 and finally in 1971, prior to being consolidated by the Department of the Environment . During these excavations, fragments of millstones were found, along with coins of Vespasian , Trajan , Hadrian and Constantine (in quantities higher than are usually recovered). Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55\u00b002\u203210\u2033N 2\u00b010\u203257\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 55.036009\u00b0N 2.182452\u00b0W \ufeff / 55.036009; -2.182452 \ufeff ( Turret 29A )Turret 29B (Limestone Bank) remains as a low earthwork, turf covered with little (if any) visible masonry. The track connecting the turret to the Military Way can also be discerned. Excavations in 1912 revealed the turret to have wing walls, and a very similar layout to Turet 29A. Roofing slabs (many pierced by nails) were found among debris inside the turret, along with three large flagstones, possibly from an upper floor. Below these were two occupation levels. The later floor was of flags, and the original, clay. On the south-west corner, on the later floor, a masonry platform had been constructed. Beside the east wall, an amphora had been set into the clay and cobbles, while a hearth lay against the west wall. The following artefacts were also discovered: Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55\u00b002\u203215\u2033N 2\u00b011\u203222\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 55.037481\u00b0N 2.189484\u00b0W \ufeff / 55.037481; -2.189484 \ufeff ( Turret 29B )The Milecastle and both turrets are accessible from the Hadrian's Wall National Trail .", ["2_297"]] [20298, "The Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue ( Hebrew : \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05ea \u05ea\u05e4\u05d0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc ; Ashkenazi Hebrew : Tiferes Yisroel ), most often spelled Tiferet Israel , also known as the Nisan Bak Shul ( Yiddish : \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05df \u05d1\"\u05e7 \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc ), after its co-founder, Nisan Bak is a former prominent Hasidic Jewish congregation and synagogue , located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem , Israel . Designed by Nisan Bak , the former synagogue was completed in 1872 and partially destroyed in 1948. The synagogue was inaugurated in 1872 by the Ruzhin Hasidim among the members of the Old Yishuv [ citation needed ] and was destroyed by the Jordanian Arab Legion on 21 May 1948 during the Battle for Jerusalem of the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War . The synagogue was left as ruins after the recapture of the Old City in the Six-Day War . In November 2012 the Jerusalem municipality announced its approval for plans to rebuild the synagogue. The cornerstone was laid on May 27, 2014. As of September\u00a02024 [update] , plans to rebuild the synagogue had commenced, yet were incomplete.The synagogue was built in the 1860s by the followers of Rabbi Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhin and his son Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov of Sadigura , and was named \"Tiferet Yisrael\" after Reb Yisrael \u2014 tiferet means \"glory\" or \"splendour\" in Hebrew , and Rabbi Yisrael was famous for conducting his court with a regal display of gold and wealth. Nevertheless, the strong involvement of Nissan Bak, led to the widespread use of the name \"Nissan Bak synagogue\". Another tradition, published by a relative of the Bak family, holds that it was named after Yisrael Bak (Nissan Bak's father), who had a decisive role in the construction of the synagogue. Although Hasidim had arrived in Jerusalem by 1747, it was only in 1839 that Nissan Bak began plans for a Hasidic synagogue. Until then they had prayed in small, private locations like Yisrael Bak's house.In 1843 Nissan Bak traveled from Jerusalem to visit the Ruzhiner Rebbe in Sadigura . He informed him that Czar Nikolai I intended to buy a plot of land near the Western Wall with the intention of building a church and monastery there. The Ruzhiner Rebbe, who was very involved in assisting the yishuv , gave Bak the task to thwart the Czar's attempt. Bak managed to buy the land from its Arab owners for an exorbitant sum mere days before the Czar ordered the Russian counsul in Jerusalem to make the purchase for him. The Czar was forced to buy a different plot of land for a church, which is known today as the Russian Compound . When Rabbi Friedman died in 1851, his son, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov Friedman , the first Rebbe of Sadigura , continued the task of raising the necessary funds for the project. According to Rabbi Menachem Brayer, Nissan Beck (better known as Nisan Bak ) was the architect and contractor of the project. :\u200a261 Bak consulted architect Martin Ivanovich Eppinger [ de ] , the very man who was designing the Russian Compound, which had to be built outside the Old City against the initial intentions of the Czar due to the efforts of rabbis Bak and Friedman. A study by architect Faina Milstein concludes that it is likely that Eppinger either fully designed, or at least advised Nisan Bak on the construction of the synagogue. Initially the Ottoman authorities refused to grant permission to dig the foundations, and when permission was eventually granted, the crew discovered a Muslim sheik 's grave on the site. Eventually the Muslim religious judge agreed for the tomb to be moved outside the city walls. After the foundations had been dug, another setback cropped up. It became apparent that it was necessary to obtain a building permit from the officials in Turkey who were not keen to grant the request. Bak, an Austrian national, convinced Franz Joseph I of Austria to intercede, and in 1858 a firman was granted. Over ten years were spent raising funds as the building slowly took shape. In November 1869 Franz Joseph , en route to the inauguration of the Suez Canal , made a visit to Jerusalem. Included in his itinerary was a tour of the Jewish institutions of the city. When he toured the Old City with Bak [ which? ] and others, he asked why the synagogue was standing without a roof. Bak quipped, \"Why, the synagogue took off its hat in honour of Your Majesty!\" The Kaiser smiled and replied, \"I hope the roof will be built soon\", and left the Austrian counsel with 1,000 French francs for the dome's construction. From then on, the dome was referred to by locals as \"Franz Joseph's cap\". :\u200a262The three-story synagogue was inaugurated on 19 August 1872, 29 years after the land had been purchased. For the next 75 years, it served as the centre for the Hasidic community in the city. It was considered one of the most beautiful synagogues of Jerusalem, with a commanding view of the Temple Mount , ornate decorations, and beautiful silver objects donated by Hasidim. :\u200a263During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , the Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue was used as a post by the Haganah in the defense of the Old City. During the Jordanian Legion's campaign to capture the Old City, it blew up the synagogue an hour after midnight on the night of May 20\u201321, 1948.The first major Haganah stronghold to fall was the Nissan Bek Synagogue, the building whose dome had been donated by the Emperor Franz Joseph. It was essential to Rusnack defence plan and the Haganah fought tenaciously to hold on to it\u2026Fawzi el Kutub finally ordered eight of his men to rush across an open space and place a charge at the base of the synagogue. All of them were killed or wounded. No one would volunteer for a second try. Hoping to force his men's hands by his example, Kutub sprinted across the space himself. When he got to the base of the synagogue, he saw that no one had followed him. Like a spider he pressed himself up against its wall until finally the Tunisian to whom he had promised a wife rushed out to him carrying a fifty-five pound charge. The explosion barely chipped the wall. Three more unsuccessful attempts were required before Kutub managed to blow a hole in the synagogue wall and a party of Legionnaires rushed through the smoke into Nissan Bek's interior. Sure that the Haganah would counterattack and that the irregulars swarming into the synagogue would quickly turn to looting, Kutub decided to destroy it with a 220-pound charge. His strongest follower, a one-eyed former porter in the railroad station nicknamed the Whale, staggered up with the explosive. A terrible roar shook the quarter and blew out the heart of the building. As the smoke cleared and the frightful devastation caused by the bomb became apparent, Kutub heard a cry of consternation rising from the Jewish posts around him. It was quickly replaced by a triumphant yell. A small group of Haganah led by Judith Jaharan counterattacked and took the smoking ruins of Nissan Bek from the Arabs. As Kutub had suspected, the irregulars had spent their time looting the synagogue. The Haganah found the bodies of Arab irregulars killed in their counterattack with altar cloths around their waist, pages of the Torah stuffed into their shirts, pieces of chandeliers and lamps in their pockets. Following the Six-Day War , the decision was made to leave the ruins of the synagogue as they were. Only its western wall remains. In 2010, at the dedication of the reconstructed Hurva Synagogue , also destroyed in 1948, plans were announced by the same donors who sponsored the Hurva rebuilding, to rebuild the Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue as well. [ citation needed ]In November 2012, the Jerusalem municipality approved a plan to rebuild the synagogue. Funding would come from an anonymous donor. As of June\u00a02023 [update] , the exterior structure was completed, with work remaining on the interior.In 1953 Rabbi Mordechai Shlomo Friedman , the Boyaner Rebbe of New York, laid foundations for a new Ruzhiner Torah centre in the New City of Jerusalem to replace the destroyed Ruzhiner synagogue. In 1957 the Ruzhiner yeshiva, called Mesivta Tiferes Yisroel, was inaugurated with the support of all of the Rebbes of the Ruzhiner dynasty. :\u200a459 A large synagogue was built adjacent to it, also bearing the name Tiferes Yisroel; the current Boyaner Rebbe, Rabbi Nachum Dov Brayer , leads his Hasidut from here. The design of the synagogue, located on the western end of Malkhei Yisrael Street close to the Central Bus Station , includes a large white dome, reminiscent of the domed Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue that was destroyed in the Old City.Gates 1. Jaffa 2. Zion 3. Dung 4. Golden 5. Lions 6. Herod 7. Damascus 8. New ( Double, Single, Tanners ' ) Al-Mawazin", ["2_298"]] [20299, "Junko Hiramatsu , n\u00e9e : Ueno ( \u5e73\u677e \u7d14\u5b50 , Hiramatsu Junko , born November 1, 1942) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater who is now a coach and International Skating Union (ISU) official. She is a five-time Japanese national champion and represented Japan twice at the Winter Olympics, in 1960 and 1964 . She was the flag bearer for Japan at the 1960 Winter Olympics. Hiramatsu is an ISU Referee and ISU technical controller for Japan. She took the Judge's Oath for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano . This article about a Japanese figure skater is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_299"]] [20302, "Ashburton Park is a park located in Woodside , in the London Borough of Croydon , and takes its name from nearby Ashburton . The park is located close to Woodside tram stop , where Tramlink services the park. It is on the junction of Lower Addiscombe Road and Spring Lane. The park covers an area of 18.5 acres (7.5\u00a0ha) and includes a village green , p\u00e9tanque terrain, bowling green, tennis and basketball courts and a caf\u00e9.The site was once the location of Woodside Convent, and the property has changed hands many times since then. A mansion was built on the site in 1788. Croydon Corporation bought the house and grounds by Compulsory Purchase Order in 1924. Most of the buildings were torn down, with a putting green (no longer there) being laid on the site. The only remaining part of the house was the c. 1878 extension which became Ashburton Library . The library was relocated in 2006\u20132007 to the nearby Ashburton School and the building fell into disrepair. Despite the neglect of the caf\u00e9 and former library building the local council have spent some money on renovating the public toilets, improving the children's playing park and adding some features for joggers and fun runners on the perimeter paths. The Friends of Ashburton Park group, launched in September 2013, have come together to put the former library back into community use. In December 2017, the park was due to host the Croydon Winter Festival, with seasonal events including ice-skating. ", ["2_302"]] [20303, "Ben Gollings (born 13 May 1980) is an English former rugby union player who most recently worked as a rugby coach for Fiji sevens team . Gollings is best known for his time with the England national rugby sevens team . He is the career leader in points scored on the World Rugby Sevens Series with 2,652 points. Gollings was born in Launceston, Cornwall , England. Gollings was educated at Castle Court School and Canford School . In 1997 he led Canford to success at The National Schools 7's . In 2000, he was selected for England in the Students' Rugby World Cup while at Brunel University .Gollings continued to remain a regular part of the England Sevens set-up. Gollings was the leading scorer three times on the IRB Sevens Series\u2014343 points in 2005\u201306, 260 points in 2008\u201309, and 332 points in 2009\u201310. His accomplishments include several records in the IRB Sevens World Series . Gollings became the first rugby sevens player to score over 2,000 points in his career during 2009. Gollings finished his career with 2,652 points. On 21 June 2011, it was announced that Gollings' contract with the RFU would not be renewed, ending his international sevens career after 70 tournaments. Gollings played for Bournemouth , Gloucester , Bath Development U19 side, Harlequins , Newcastle Falcons , Worcester , Doncaster Knights and Sunnybank . Whilst at Newcastle he was a replacement as they won the 2004 Anglo-Welsh Cup final. Three years earlier in 2001 he was on the losing side in the same competition when Newcastle beat his old club Harlequins. In 2006, he signed to play in the New Zealand National Provincial Championship for Tasman . From June 2007 Gollings joined Toyota Shokki Rugby.Gollings joined semi-professional club Rugby Lions as a player and backs coach. Gollings won every game with the Lions in his first season, amassing over 100 points for the club himself. He was quoted in the Rugby Advertiser as saying \"It's been a special season and I don't think it has fully sunk in with people how phenomenal it is to win every league game. Most of us won't experience that again.\" However, due to the financial crisis that hit the club in the summer of 2012, Gollings left the Lions in July.In late 2012, Gollings took up a sevens coaching role in Sri Lanka. He then relocated to Seattle in the United States to take up a major role with Serevi Rugby, a rugby training and development programme founded by Fiji player, Waisale Serevi . In 2024, Fiji Rugby Union (FRU) sacked Ben Gollings national men's sevens team coach for his \"inability to meet the desired standards and expectations\".\n\"After careful consideration and the unanimous agreement with all my trustees, Fiji Rugby has decided to part ways with Ben Gollings,\" FRU Trustees Board chairman Peter Mazey said at a news conference . \"This is due to his inability to meet the desired standards and expectations set forth by the organisation and within his contract.\"Gollings, who was a star player for England, has failed to gain a tournament win for Fiji at the World Rugby Sevens Series in 19 outings.", ["2_303"]] [20306, "House at 823 Ohio Street is a historic home located at Terre Haute , Vigo County, Indiana . It was built in 1880, and is a two-story, rectangular brick dwelling with Italianate and Queen Anne style design elements. It features segmental arched windows and a rounded arch window with a wood sunburst surround. :\u200aPart 1,\u200ap. 18 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. This article about a property in Vigo County, Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_306"]] [20307, "Amos Horev ( Hebrew : \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1 ; n\u00e9 Sochaczewer ; born 30 June 1924) is an Israeli military official and expert. He served as a commander in the Palmach the elite force of the Haganah before the founding of the state, and was later an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Major-General, Chief of Ordnance and subsequently Quartermaster General and Chief Scientist of the IDF, nuclear scientist, President of Technion University , and Chairman of Rafael. In June 2010, he was appointed to the Israeli special independent Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid . Amos Horev was born in Jerusalem on June 30, 1924. His father, Alec, was director of the mechanical workshop of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . As a teenager he was among the founders of the Zionist youth movement Gordonia in Jerusalem. He studied at the gymnasium and from the age of 14 was a member of the Haganah. He fought against Arabs during the 1936\u20131939 Arab revolt in Palestine . He was appointed as an officer in 1940 and was one of the first recruits to Palmach when it was founded in 1941. During the war of independence he participated in many battles in the Jerusalem area and toward the end of the war was assistant to Yitzhak Rabin .He later attended MIT , where he studied mechanical engineering. He was President of Technion University from 1973 to 1982, replacing Alexander Goldberg and succeeded by Josef Singer . Horev turned 100 on 30 June 2024. Amos Horev was awarded the Israel Security Prize , and later was appointed as the Chairman of the Israel Security Prize and was the Chief Scientist of the Defense Ministry. He was Aluf (Major General), the highest rank in the Israel Defense Forces after the Chief of Staff.", ["2_307"]] [20308, "The Haida Heritage Centre is the premier cultural centre and museum of the Haida people . It is located in Skidegate , a community on Graham Island in Haida Gwaii off the Pacific coast of British Columbia , Canada. The centre is situated just south of the site of a historical village in Kay Llnagaay (pronounced kie-il-na-guy , which means \"Town of Sea Lions\"). The Centre was built and is managed by Gwaalagaa Naay, an economic development branch of the Skidegate Band Council , the owners of the site. It is one of the major aboriginal cultural tourism attractions in Haida Gwaii and has been described as \"a place for the Haida voice to be heard.\" Educational programs are offered in partnership with School District 50 Haida Gwaii , the University of Northern British Columbia , and with the Haida Gwaii Higher Education Society. The Centre includes an interpretive centre, temporary exhibit space, Performing House, Canoe house, Carving Shed, the Bill Reid Teaching Centre, Program Management Centre, an expanded Haida Gwaii Museum, a gift shop and a small restaurant and cafe.Planning for the Heritage Centre began in the early-mid 1990s and in 1995, the Qay\u2019llnagaay Heritage Centre Society was formed. The facility was planned in partnership various entities, including the Heritage Centre Society, the Skidegate Band Council , and Parks Canada. Funding was provided by various sources: Parks Canada (in return for long-term office, classroom, lab, exhibit and interpretive space and a sharing of exhibits), Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage, Gwaii Trust Fund, Haida Gwaii Museum Society, the Skidegate Band Council, and fundraising efforts (continuing as of 2013 The project was targeted to be completed in mid-2005; actual completion and a \"soft opening\" to the public on July 1, 2007. The Grand Opening Ceremonies were held on August 23, 2008 and included the launching, naming, and traditional presenting of three canoes, the first canoes made in Skidegate since Bill Reid's Loo Taas in 1985. Both Loo Tas and Loo-plex joined the canoes coming in to land on the beach. The Centre was designed by architects David Nairne and Associates Ltd. to resemble a series of longhouses to evoke the feeling of a traditional Haida village. The facility comprises five contemporary monumental timber longhouses made of cedar and connected by an atrium.The most visible elements of the facility are six Haida totem poles representing each of the six villages of Skidegate: Chaatl, Cumshewa , Skedans , SGang Gwaii, and Tanu. They were created respectively by Norman Price, Garner Moody, Guujaaw , Jim Hart , Tim Boyko and Giitsxaa. They were raised in 2001.Principal spaces in the Centre include:The Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Society was established in 1973 to create a museum for the Islands. The museum opened in 1976 and conducts research on the Haida peoples and culture, as well as acquiring artifacts, archival records, and reference material relating to the Haida and to European settlement of the islands. The museum's collection includes artifacts and documents from 1890 to present, but predominantly between 1900 and 1990. The Museum was expanded when the Haida Heritage Centre was constructed and is now part of the Centre. The museum uses a chronological layout for the galleries: pre-(European) contact (\"In the Beginning\"), post-contact (\"Contact & Conflict\"), to contemporary (\"Our Way of Life\"). Gallery exhibits showcase pieces of Haida history and contemporary life, and Haida art and culture (including button blankets, argillite carvings, and totem poles), natural history of the Islands, and the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site . An exhibitions gallery features art shows during the year. Prominently featured in the Museum are various totem poles, both contemporary and ones carved in the 19th Century. In August 2022, the Haida Gwaii Museum added priceless Haida Nation artifacts to its collection when the Buxton Museum and Art Gallery in the UK offered to repatriate items that it had long displayed. The artifacts include an argillite tray with an ivory inlay and an argillite sculpture. ", ["2_308"]] [20310, "Anthon Bernhard Elias Nilsen (30 June 1855 \u2013 6 December 1936) was a Norwegian businessman and politician for the Conservative Party . He also wrote novels, under the pseudonym Elias Kr\u00e6mmer . He was born in Svelvik . A small town, Svelvik nonetheless played an important role, being the nearest port of the larger town Drammen when the Drammensfjord inlet was frozen over during the winter. Nilsen later moved to Drammen , and in 1879 he established a company to export pulp and paper products as well as lumber. The company, named Anth. B. Nilsen & Co from 1912, was taken over by his sons in the 1930s. It still exists today, under the name Anthon B Nilsen AS . Mainly emphasizing investment, it owns several Norwegian colleges. Anthon Nilsen also lived in Fredrikstad for many years. He came to the city in 1877 to work as manager of Fredrikstad Dampsag (Fredrikstad sawmill), but also co-founded the newspaper Fredriksstad Blad , which still exists today. Nilsen was elected from Fredrikstad to the Norwegian Parliament in 1895, but served only one term. He was also active in local politics. He left Fredrikstad in 1901, and later lived at Larkollen and Jel\u00f8ya . Under the pseudonym Elias Kr\u00e6mmer, Nilsen had a sizeable literary production. His debut came in 1894 with Glade Borgere , a collection of small town depictions. He was not acknowledged for high literary quality, but nonetheless became popular for his humour. Later books include the novels Sigurd Seiersborg (1920), Fyrgangen (1923), B\u00f8lgerne ruller (1925), Asylet (1928), Evensen (1930), Elias Kr\u00e6mmers oplevelser (1932), Glade ungdom (1933) and Paa livets h\u00f8islette (1934). One of his plays, written in 1912, was staged at the National Theatre . Nilsen also published a collection of poetry in 1919 under his real name. A bust of Nilsen was raised in Svelvik in 1955. A street in Fredrikstad has been named after Elias Kr\u00e6mmer. ", ["2_310"]] [20311, "51\u00b038\u203238.64\u2033N 0\u00b021\u203232.54\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 51.6440667\u00b0N 0.3590389\u00b0W \ufeff / 51.6440667; -0.3590389 Lululaund was the Romanesque Revival -style house and studio of the Bavarian-born British artist Hubert von Herkomer , in Melbourne Road, Bushey , Hertfordshire . It was designed about 1886 and completed by 1894. The house was demolished in 1939. The exterior design was developed from a sketch by the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson and was the only example of his work in Europe. It was an influence on the work of English architect Charles Harrison Townsend . In the 1880s, Herkomer had travelled to America twice to paint portraits and to give lectures. In early 1886, he painted the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson in exchange for a house design he could bring back to Britain. Richardson, at the peak of his career and only months before his death at the age of 47, sketched a single picture of a four-storey Romanesque castle, explicitly allowing Herkomer to change the exterior \"at will\". From this sketch, Herkomer commissioned the house.Herkomer's father and two of his three uncles contributed to the design, which was honoured by the artist in the triptych The Makers of my House . His uncle John, a joiner and carver, as was Herkomer's father Lorenz, came from America to assist, and his uncle Anton, a weaver, provided draperies designed by the artist.The house was built in white tufa imported from Bavaria and in red sandstone. A plinth of courses of rugged stone formed the lower level, while above was a wide segmental arch across most of the frontage, framed by two round turreted towers. At the top was a patterned gable. A tower rising above the front door was truncated during its construction when Herkomer discovered it would obstruct light into his studio. Herkomer was solely responsible for the design of the interiors.The rooms were in German gothic style, extravagantly decorated with elaborate wood carvings executed by himself and members of his family. The principal bedroom had a copper ceiling and had wood carved walls entirely covered with gold leaf . The hall and staircase were lined with panels of redwood, three feet wide and 30 feet high. The dining room was decorated with a relief frieze of nude female figures, illustrating Human Sympathy . It was illuminated by concealed electric lights, an innovation for its time. The drawing room had a vast arched chimney-piece and a music gallery . The house was, for its time, built to a very high technical standard, had for instance electricity from its own generator (in a sidehouse), as well as hot and cold water in each bedroom. Herkomer named the house Lululaund after his deceased wife, Lulu, who had died from a heart attack in 1885. The architect, Richardson, also died, long before the house was completed. Herkomer lived in the house from its completion in 1894 until his death in 1914. Lululaund was nicknamed the 'Bavarian castle' by Bushey residents. Herkomer built a theatre in the grounds where he staged 'pictorial-music-plays' that he partly wrote and designed himself. When Herkomer became a pioneer of cinematography the theatre was later turned into a film studio and cinema, and he directed and acted in several films that were released commercially.In the 1880s Herkomer created an art school. After he retired from the school, the building was demolished, although the school continued on another site under the direction of Lucy Kemp-Welch . The landscape architect Thomas Mawson was commissioned in 1913 to design a rose garden on the original site. When Herkomer died in 1914, his third wife, Margaret, Lady Herkomer, sister of his second wife, Lulu Griffiths, the house's namesake, moved out of Lululaund to another property nearby. Lululaund was requisitioned during the First World War , but subsequently remained largely unoccupied. The house and the film studio were leased in 1915 by the British Actors Film Company for use as their principal production base. The company ran into financial difficulties in the early 1920s and closed the site in 1923. The film boom of the 1930s caused it to reopen the studio, making short films.During the 1920s and 1930s the surrounding estate land was gradually broken-up and sold for development. The buildings largely fell into disuse. For a number of years the house became the haunt of tramps, courting couples and schoolboys. Lady Herkomer died in 1934, and the trustees of the Herkomer Estate offered the house, rose garden and kitchen garden to Bushey Urban District Council. The house was refused due to the high cost of maintenance but in 1937 the rose garden was transferred to the ownership of the council. Lululaund was almost completely demolished in 1939, on the eve of the Second World War , with only a remnant surviving. It is possible that anti-German feeling and the fear it was an elevated landmark and a navigational marker for enemy bombers influenced the decision.Much of the masonry from the demolition went as hardcore to build Bovingdon Airfield in 1941. Films continued to be made in Herkomer's studio until 1985, when it too closed.A small portion of Richardson's fa\u00e7ade survived: the front door and its tympanum were used for the entrance to the former Royal British Legion hall on Melbourne Road, Bushey. In 2014 this was redeveloped into housing, with the entrance doorway retained.The rose garden, summer-house, sunken garden, and pergola of Lululaund were preserved and are now public gardens known as the Bushey Rose Garden .Herkomer wrote in the 1911 second volume of his autobiography: \"Completed it is not, nor would I wish to feel that the last touch had been put to it. It should still have the possibility of growth, otherwise expectancy would cease, and with it life's greatest stimulant.\" His biographer, Baldry, wrote in 1901: \"There has been in existence in his family for some generations an idea that there should be erected some day a house which would be at the same time a memorial of the Herkomers and a record of the work that they had done in the world.\" ", ["2_311"]] [20312, "The Supramonte is a mountain range located in central-eastern Sardinia , Italy . It lies northeast of the Gennargentu massif, traveling eastwards until it reaches the Tyrrhenian Sea at the Gulf of Orosei . It has an area of about 35,000 hectares, encompassing most of the territories of the comuni (municipalities) of Baunei , Dorgali , Oliena , Orgosolo and Urzulei . The populated areas of these comuni lie at the borders of the Supramonte, which, for the most part, is a largely uninhabited area of sharp limestone cliffs and deep, lush canyons. Its highest peak is Monte Corrasi (1,463\u00a0m), and the average altitude of the chain is about 900\u00a0m. The Supramonte is characterized by Karstic highlands in which rivers have created deep ravines and canyons. The rivers flow mostly underground, creating several caves, such as the Grotta del Bue Marino , the Grotta di Ispinigoli (with the highest column in Europe, measuring 38\u00a0m), and the caves of Sa O'he (\"The outlet\", for the fact that there lies a little lake within, and it has a tributary river which pours out of the cave) and Su Bentu (\"The Wind\"). Springs such as Su Gologone can also be found. Other notable features on the range include the Plain of Donani'horo, the sinkhole of Su Sercone (in Orgosolo's language \"Su Siel'hone\"), the deep ravine of Gorropu and the limestone mountain of Monte Novo San Giovanni (1,316\u00a0m). The so-called \"Supramonte Marino\" (\"Seaside Supramonte\", to distinguish it from the inner \"Supramonte Montano\", \"Mountain Supramonte\") lies within the territories of Dorgali and Baunei, bordering the Gulf of Orosei and includes several renowned beaches (Cala Luna, Cala Sisine, Cala Mariolu, Cala Goloritz\u00e9 ) that are often located at the end of deep valleys called codulas .In prehistoric times, the Supramonte area was more densely populated than it is today, as attested by traces of at least 76 villages, 46 nuraghes , 14 dolmens , 40 Giants' graves , 17 holy wells and 3 megalithic walls. Notable archeological sites include the village of Serra Orrios (located slightly north of the northern edge of the limestone lands), which contained about 70 circular huts and two megaron -like temples, and the nuraghe village of Tiscali , located in a strategically high position between the valleys of Lanaittu and Oddoene.", ["2_312"]] [20313, "Russell Mark Tanner (born November 13, 1977) is an American volleyball player. Tanner grew up playing beach volleyball in Northern California with his father, Mark Tanner. Tanner's uncle, Troy Tanner , is an Olympic gold medalist. Tanner was a Junior Olympic All-American, high school and league MVP, and an all-state selection out of high school. Tanner played Division I (NCAA) volleyball at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah . In 1994, Tanner became the youngest player in beach volleyball history to earn a AAA rating, surpassing the long-standing record previously held by beach volleyball player Mike Dodd . The record stood for 12 years until it was eclipsed by Hawk Hatcher in 2007.", ["2_313"]] [20314, "The Izembek National Wildlife Refuge is the smallest of the National Wildlife Refuges located in the U.S. state of Alaska . It lies on the northwest ( Bering Sea ) coastal side of central Aleutians East Borough . Almost all of the refuge (307,982 acres (124,636\u00a0ha) out of 315,000 acres (1,270\u00a0km 2 )) was designated as wilderness in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (Anilca). The refuge is administered from offices in Cold Bay . Izembek National Wildlife Refuge lies between the highly productive waters of the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska . Within the heart of the refuge is Izembek Lagoon, a 30-mile (48\u00a0km) long and 5-mile (8.0\u00a0km) wide coastal ecosystem that contains one of the world's largest eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds. More than 200 species of wildlife and nine species of fish can be found on the refuge. Millions of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds find food and shelter in the coastal lagoons and freshwater wetlands on their way to and from their subarctic and arctic breeding grounds. This extraordinary abundance and diversity of waterfowl has attracted international attention.In 1986, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge and Izembek State Game Refuge, which encompasses the submerged land of Izembek Lagoon, was the first wetland area in the United States to be recognized as a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention . In 2001, Izembek Refuge was also designated as a Globally Important Bird Area by the National Audubon Society . Attempts have been made to build a road through the refuge connecting the towns of King Cove to Cold Bay . One such attempt proposed a land transfer of 43,000 acres (170\u00a0km 2 ) of land owned by the state of Alaska and the King Cove Corporation in exchange for construction of a single-lane 17-mile (27\u00a0km) road which would pass through Izembek NWR. Environmentalists contended the road threatens the population of the migratory black brant and other species. This attempted land transfer was ultimately blocked by the Department of the Interior in 2013. In January 2018 the Trump administration proposed a different land transfer agreement. Nine environmental groups sued the administration one week later, arguing that the four-year environmental impact statement commissioned by the Department of the Interior had already determined that the road was unnecessary and would irreversibly damage the refuge. A ruling on March 29, 2019 by the United States District Court for the District of Alaska once again blocked the land transfer, finding that the Trump administration's attempts to remove acreage from the refuge contradicted the existing environmental impact statement and made no attempt to explain why the statement was no longer applicable. A second judge rejected a revised plan in June 2020. In November 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth District , overruled a 3-judge panel of the court and scheduled a rehearing of the case against the Trump administration proposal. In an unusual action, former President Jimmy Carter filed a statement of support for the motion for the rehearing, saying the swap violated the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA). The act \"may be the most significant domestic achievement of my political life\", Carter said at the time of his filing. Izembek Wilderness hosts a quarter-million migratory birds every fall, including the entire world's population of black brants and thousands of Canada and emperor geese , Steller's eiders , and various species of duck and shorebird. Izembek Lagoon contains one of the largest eelgrass beds in the world, providing food and shelter for the birds. Izembek NWR is also host to many resident bird species, such as Tundra swans , which live on the refuge year-round. Raptors which prey on the many species of rodents, birds, and fish in this area include bald and golden eagles , rough-legged hawks , gyrfalcons , and Peale's peregrine falcons . Hundreds of thousands of salmon return to streams in the refuge each year. Land mammals that roam this refuge include brown bears , red foxes , wolves , and caribou from the Southern Alaska Peninsula herd. Marine mammals are common in the productive waters surrounding this refuge. Harbor seals , Steller's sea lions , and sea otters and even walrus inhabit nearby coastal waters and lagoons. Harbor seals frequently haul out on sandbars in the lagoons and along the coast. Orcas , gray whales , and minke whales can sometimes be seen as they migrate along the shoreline and occasionally inside of Izembek Lagoon. ", ["2_314"]] [20315, "Alipurduar - Kamakhya Intercity Express is an intercity train of the Indian Railways connecting Alipurduar in West Bengal and Kamakhya in Assam . It is currently being operated with 15771/15772 train numbers on a daily basis. The 15771/Alipur Duar - Kamakhya Intercity Express has an average speed of 40\u00a0km/h and covers 298\u00a0km in 7 hrs 10 mins. 15772/Kamakhya - Alipur Duar Intercity Express has an average speed of 40\u00a0km/h and covers 298\u00a0km in 7 hrs 10 mins.The train consists of 11 coaches\u00a0:Both trains are hauled by a New Malda Town Loco Shed based WDM-3A diesel locomotive.", ["2_315"]] [20317, "William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks , who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States . Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements . The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks , and the father of William Hendricks Jr . He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick , who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College ) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory . Madison remained his home for the rest of his life. During his early days in there, he set up a printing press he brought with him from Cincinnati, and became the proprietor of the Western Eagle , the second newspaper to be printed in the territory. His paper and the positions he supported helped him to quickly gain popularity in the local community. The anti-slavery eastern part of the territory was at that time locked in a struggle with the pro-slavery western party for control of the territorial government. The Western Eagle combated the pro-slavery Vincennes Sun, and garnered considerable support from the eastern settlers. He later used his printing press to print the first codification of Indiana state laws during his term as governor. Hendricks married Ann Parker Paul of Hardin County , Kentucky . She was the daughter of Colonel John Paul , who was the founder of Madison. The couple had nine children. William Hendricks Jr became a state legislator. Two sons were killed during the American Civil War and two other children died in infancy. Ann outlived her husband by some thirty-seven years, and died at Madison on September 12, 1887. In February 1813 Hendricks was elected clerk of the territorial legislature in Vincennes . In May the capital was moved to Corydon following the outbreak of the War of 1812 and the reorganization of the territory. The legislature, which was then dominated by the anti-slavery and pro-statehood faction, appointed Hendricks as printer and charged with publishing the assembly's records. The following year he was elected as a representative of Jefferson County , of which Madison was the county seat . In the legislature he fell into party with speaker Dennis Pennington and the anti-slavery faction. In 1814 Hendricks was chosen to succeed Pennington and became speaker of the legislative assembly. The same year he opened his own law practice and stopped printing his newspaper for lack of time for the enterprise. He received several lucrative positions from the territorial government, including being appointed prosecutor of several eastern counties. He was also appointed by President James Madison as U.S. Attorney for the entire territory. In 1816 he attended the state Constitutional Convention held in Corydon as an unofficial delegate. Although only two years since he entered the territory, he had become so well known and popularized that he served as the convention's secretary. He was again in party with Jonathan Jennings , Dennis Pennington , and others seeking to institute a constitutional ban on slavery. His actions at the convention further strengthened his reputation for business aptitude and political skills. Jennings was elected Governor of Indiana in the first election leaving his congressional seat vacant. That same year Hendricks was elected as the only Indiana representative, defeating former territorial governor Thomas Posey . His election occurred shortly before Indiana's statehood had been approved by Congress and there was a brief debate about the legality of seating him when he arrived in Washington, D.C. , but the situation was resolved in his favor. He served in the 14th Congress , succeeding Jennings. Hendricks was reelected three times, serving from December 11, 1816, until the 17th Congress when he resigned July 25, 1822. In Congress he was a member of the Select Committee on Roads and Canals. He supported legislation to fund the construction of the National Road , which would connect Indiana with the eastern states. He also supported several measures to fund other minor road and canal projects, but was unsuccessful. He was a proponent of rapidly granting statehood to the western states, and delivered several speeches urging the statehood of Illinois and Missouri. In his final reelection bid, he won by a margin of ten to one, and was recognized as one of the most popular political figures in the state. In 1822 Hendricks ran unopposed for the position of Governor of Indiana and succeeded Jonathan Jennings; Jennings in turn succeeded Hendricks in his congressional seat. Hendricks won 100% of the 18,340 votes, the only governor in Indiana history to win by that margin. He assumed the office on December 5, 1822. While governor he occupied the Governor's Headquarters in Corydon, which he purchased from Davis Floyd . He served as governor from 1822 until 1825. He was the last governor to serve while the capital remained in Corydon. When he came to office, the state was still in a poor financial condition because the state's bank failures caused by the Panic of 1819 and the ensuing collapse of the modest internal improvement programs. The state's bonds had been depreciated in 1821 and severely hurt the state's credit and ability to borrow funds. The state budget was still in deficit, and the state's sparse population was producing very little revenue. The situation was resolved by selling public land to raise money to pay off a significant portion of the outstanding debt, and government accounts were moved to the Second Bank of the United States since there were no banks operating in Indiana. The foundation of state's school system\u2014the first state-funded system in the nation\u2014also began to be laid during Hendricks's administration. During his tenure as governor each township was granted land on which a public school could be established. The value of these improvements totaled over $1.25 million, making it the highest dollar item on the budget to that date. Construction of the State Seminary, later to become Indiana University , also began during his term. Hendricks also contributed personally to Hanover College . As the state's finances would not allow the large-scale improvements Hendricks envisioned, he focused efforts on creating critical routes and approved legislation that required state residents to spend allotted amounts of time helping to build the state roads. Existing roads and rivers were improved by clearing obstacles. Hendricks codified Indiana's laws for the first time in 1822, creating the Indiana Code . In 1824 a Seneca family was murdered by a group of men near Pendleton, Indiana , and tension between the natives in northern Indiana and the settlements in central Indiana moved quickly toward conflict. Governor Hendricks, hoping to maintain peace and enforce justice for the tribe, ordered the murderers to be captured and tried. While one of the murderers escaped, the others where captured and all were sentenced to death. One of the murderers was a minor and was later pardoned by Governor James B. Ray . Governor Hendricks had denied his appeal for clemency and used the execution to show the natives his goodwill. This was the first time a white man was executed for killing a Native American in the United States . One of his final acts as governor was to approve a move of the capitol from Corydon to Indianapolis . There had been an intense debate to keep the capitol in the south where almost all of the state's population resided. Indianapolis was 60 miles (97\u00a0km) north of the nearest settlement and on the edge of the frontier. Despite considerable pressure, Hendricks signed the measure in late 1824. On February 14, 1825, Hendricks resigned his position as Governor to become a United States senator after being elected to that position by the legislature, defeating Chief Justice Isaac Blackford . Lieutenant Governor Ratliff Boon had resigned earlier and the governorship devolved to James B. Ray , the Senate president pro tempore. Back in Congress in 1825, Hendricks was an Anti-Jacksonian , supporting federal funding for western internal improvements. He chaired the committee on roads and canals from 1831 until 1837 and joined fellow Indiana congressman Ratliff Boon in support of federal funding for the Wabash and Erie Canal in the Senate. He failed in his attempt to be reelected to his seat in the Senate in 1836. He served in the Senate from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1837, after having lost the election in 1836 to Whig Oliver H. Smith . Hendricks also served as a trustee on the Indiana University Board from 1829 to 1840. In 1834, he was one of only two Anti-Jacksonian senators to vote against the censure of President Andrew Jackson . Having served in public office for twenty-nine years continually, Hendricks returned to private life in Madison in 1839.During his life he had gathered a large estate which he returned to manage and to also practice law. Being a large landholder in the Madison area, he built many homes and leased them to individuals. In his later years he was criticized for not wanting to sell them, and was accused of behaving in an aristocratic fashion in that regard. On May 16, 1850, while he was overseeing the construction of his family vault , he suddenly became ill. He died the same day and was buried in the Fairmount Cemetery.In his obituary the Indiana Gazetteer said:\"Governor Hendricks was for many years by far the most popular man in the State. He had been its sole representative in Congress for six years, elected on each occasion by large majorities, and no member of that body, probably, was more attentive to the interests of the State he represented, or more industrious in arranging all the private or local business entrusted to him. He left no letter unanswered, no public office or document did he fail to visit or examine on request; with personal manners very engaging, he long retained his popularity.\" NotesBibliography", ["2_317"]] [20318, "United Nations Security Council resolution 1175 , adopted unanimously on 19 June 1998, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq , including resolutions 986 (1995), 1111 (1997), 1129 (1997), 1143 (1997), 1153 (1998) and 1158 (1998) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme , the Council noted that Iraq was unable to export petroleum or petroleum products sufficient to produce US$5.256 billion worth of oil and authorised countries to provide Iraq with equipment to allow it to meet that sum. The security council noted that the group of experts had found that Iraq was not capable of producing exports to the sum of US$5.256 billion authorised under Resolution 1153. It remained convinced of the need for a temporary programme to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people until the government of Iraq fulfilled previous Security Council resolutions , including Resolution 687 (1991) which allowed the council to take further action with regard to the provisions of Resolution 661 (1991).Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter , the council authorised states to export necessary parts to Iraq to enable the country to increase oil exports. Funds in the escrow account up to a total of US$300 million were for the expenses determined by the committee established in Resolution 661 related to the export of such equipment. It was also decided that expenses directly related to oil exports could be financed by letters of credit drawn against future oil sales, which would be deposited in the escrow account.The distribution plan approved by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan would remain in effect for each renewal of the Oil-for-Food Programme. He had made available a list of parts and equipment presented by the government of Iraq and was subsequently requested to monitor the usage of the parts in Iraq.", ["2_318"]] [20320, "Valberg Church ( Norwegian : Valberg kirke ) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vestv\u00e5g\u00f8y Municipality in Nordland county, Norway . It is located in the village of Valberg on the island of Vestv\u00e5g\u00f8ya . It is the church for the Valberg parish which is part of the Lofoten prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of S\u00f8r-H\u00e5logaland . The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1889 using plans drawn up by the architect Andreas Grenstad . The church seats about 280 people. The first church at Valberg was built around 1660 on a site near the present church site (but not the same site). It shared a priest with Buksnes Church until 1740 when it was transferred to the Borge prestegjeld (parish). In 1749, the church was destroyed during a powerful storm. In 1752, a new Valberg Church was completed, but not on the same site as before (it was built on the present church site). The church was a long church with no tower or sacristy . The walls were painted red with a tarred roof. Later, a tower was added to the roof. In 1814, this church served as an election church ( Norwegian : valgkirke ). Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of Norway . This was Norway's first national elections. Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called \"electors\" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet at Eidsvoll Manor later that year. This church building was destroyed in a storm in 1818. A third church building was completed the next year in 1819. That church was used until 1888 when a new church (the present church) was built right next to the previous church. The church was constructed for about 16,700 kr and it was consecrated on 12 September 1889. The old church was torn down in 1890. There were extensive renovations done on the building in the early 1950s. The following priests have served the church: ", ["2_320"]] [20322, "Tropical Storm Gilda in 1973 was the first documented tropical cyclone on record to transition into a subtropical cyclone . It formed on October\u00a016 in the western Caribbean Sea from a tropical wave , and strengthened to reach peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) before striking Cuba. It later moved slowly through the Bahamas before weakening to tropical depression status. On October\u00a024, with the assistance of a cold front off the coast of the eastern United States, Gilda transformed into a subtropical storm, becoming very large and strong. The storm later accelerated northeastward and became extratropical , ultimately dissipating near Greenland. The storm first brought heavy rainfall to Jamaica, causing six deaths and some damage from mudslides. While crossing Cuba and later the Bahamas, the storm caused little impact, limited to some crop damage. As a subtropical storm, Gilda brought gusty winds and high waves to much of the east coast of the United States, causing minor beach erosion and coastal property damage.A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on October\u00a03. It tracked westward, reaching the Caribbean Sea on October\u00a010. By October\u00a013, a large area of convection persisted from Hispaniola southwestward through Panama, and over the next few days the convection organized and concentrated in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. An anticyclone became established near Jamaica on October\u00a015, which created a favorable upper-level environment for the system by reducing wind shear . Around the same time, a low-level trough emerged from the Intertropical Convergence Zone , heading north off the coast of Nicaragua. Early on October\u00a016, the system developed into a broad tropical depression about halfway between Central America and Jamaica. The initial motion of the depression was uncertain, as steering currents could have resulted in a motion either to the west or to the north-northeast. With the possibility of the western track, the storm was remarked as being the first serious hurricane threat for southern Florida since Hurricane Gladys in 1968. However, after formation the depression moved slowly north-northeastward. The thunderstorm activity gradually became better organized while rainbands increased around the circulation. By 0000 UTC on October\u00a018, the depression attained tropical storm status about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) northwest of the Cayman Islands, after which it was named Gilda by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). The storm quickly strengthened as it moved toward southern Cuba, reaching peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) about 18\u00a0hours after reaching tropical storm status. Shortly thereafter, Gilda made landfall near the border of the present day Cuban provinces of Sancti Sp\u00edritus and Ciego de \u00c1vila . Tropical Storm Gilda weakened slightly over Cuba, crossing the island in less than twelve hours before emerging into the Atlantic Ocean early on October\u00a019. At the time, the anticyclone over Jamaica which previously assisted the cyclone instead remained over the Caribbean, which increased shear over the storm. This caused the convection to gradually separate from the low-level circulation. Early on October\u00a020, Gilda passed just southeast of Andros Island in the Bahamas, around the same time that the Hurricane Hunters recorded an atmospheric pressure of 994 mbar ; this was the lowest recorded pressure in association with Gilda while it was a tropical cyclone. It gradually weakened due to the wind shear, resulting in the low-level steering currents becoming dominant. After moving through the Exuma island chain, the storm passed near or over Eleuthera , and late on October\u00a021 Gilda became nearly stationary about 60\u00a0mi (95\u00a0km/h) east of Harbour Island . Late on October\u00a022, after moving only about 6\u00a0mi (10\u00a0km) in a 24\u2011hour period, Gilda weakened to a tropical depression. Now a tropical depression, Gilda remained nearly stationary for another 24\u00a0hours before accelerating northeastward, under the influence of an upper-level trough exiting the east coast of the United States. Cold air from the trough interacted with Gilda, providing a baroclinic environment for intensifying, and on October\u00a024 the storm transitioned into a subtropical storm about halfway between Hispaniola and North Carolina. This made Gilda the first tropical storm on record to transition into a subtropical cyclone. Operationally, tropical storm advisories were still issued on Gilda while it was subtropical, due to the need to maintain consistency and the possibility it could again become tropical. The circulation of the storm became very large, at one point stretching from New England to the Bahamas, and eastward beyond Bermuda, or a diameter of more than 1300\u00a0mi (2100\u00a0km). On October\u00a025, Gilda passed about halfway between Bermuda and Cape Hatteras , when it reached peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). Subsequently, it turned northeastward, and on October\u00a027 attained a minimum pressure of 984\u00a0mbar, the lowest of its duration while tropical or subtropical. Later that day, Gilda became an extratropical cyclone southeast of the Canadian Maritimes as it moved over colder waters. After passing just southeast of Newfoundland, the storm continued northeastward, becoming nearly stationary off the coast of Greenland before dissipating on October\u00a030. Tropical Storm Gilda first affected Jamaica, bringing heavy rainfall in a three-day period. The highest amount measured in a 24\u2011hour period within Jamaica was 411 millimetres (16.2\u00a0in), which triggered many landslides across eastern sections of the island. The rains produced landslides, particularly in Saint Andrew Parish where six houses were destroyed. Elsewhere on the island, the mudslides caused further property damage and left some roads unpassable. Six people were killed throughout the country. The storm did not have significant impact in Cuba. A station in the mountains of what was then known as Oriente Province recorded winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). The city of Mor\u00f3n , located along the northern coast of Cuba, recorded 6.13\u00a0inches (155\u00a0mm) of rainfall in the 6\u00a0hour period prior to the storm passing the area. Damage was minor, limited to some crop damage in the eastern portion of the island, as well as power outages. The threat of the storm forced several thousand people to leave their homes. In the Bahamas, officials closed schools, and many businesses closed early on the day the storm moved through the country. The storm's stationary motion caused several days of high tides and heavy rains. Tropical storm force wind gusts were reported on Andros Island, and gusts peaked at 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) on Golden Cay. Gilda's passage left crop damage on several islands, although monetary losses in the country were minor. When Gilda was forecast to move near southeastern Florida, gale warnings were issued from North Key Largo to Fort Lauderdale . Rough seas affected the Florida coastline for about 72\u00a0hours, causing moderate coastal property damage and beach erosion. After becoming a large subtropical cyclone, gale warnings were issued at various times from Cape Hatteras , North Carolina to the mouth of the Merrimack River in Massachusetts. High surf and minor beach erosion were reported along the coastline, and gale-force winds were observed from North Carolina to New Jersey. Over the western Atlantic Ocean, the storm produced strong winds and rough seas. One ship reported a wave height of 28\u00a0ft (8.5\u00a0m), though no significant marine losses were reported. Around the time of it becoming extratropical, Sable Island off the coast of Nova Scotia recorded a wind gust of 74\u00a0mph (119\u00a0km/h). Tropical Storm Gilda was notable as being the first observed tropical cyclone to transition into a subtropical cyclone; several subtropical cyclones have undergone tropical cyclogenesis , but never the opposite. Since Gilda, a few other storms accomplished the feat. In 1980, a tropical depression dissipated, reformed as a subtropical depression, and later became Hurricane Georges over the open Atlantic Ocean. The next year, Tropical Storm Jose became subtropical near the end of its duration, and in 1984, Hurricane Klaus became a subtropical storm over the western Atlantic Ocean. In 2001, Tropical Storm Allison , after causing devastating flooding in Texas, became a subtropical storm over the Gulf of Mexico and moved across much of the southeastern United States. In 2011, Tropical Storm Lee transitioned into a subtropical storm while approaching Louisiana.", ["2_322"]] [20323, "Michelle Ashford (born 1960) is an American screenwriter and film producer. She is best known for her Emmy-nominated writing for the 2010 Miniseries The Pacific . In 2013, Ashford's TV series Masters of Sex debuted in the US on Showtime . Ashford is married to television writer and producer Greg Walker, who she met while he was working for her. The couple have two children together. ", ["2_323"]] [20324, "Seppuku Paradigm is a French electronica/film music/rock duo. They are currently based in Paris , France . Their name was inspired by the self given death of Japanese author Yukio Mishima who, after a failed coup d'\u00e9tat, committed suicide according to ancient Japanese tradition ( seppuku or hara kiri ) as a gesture of public protest.Composed of brothers Cortes namely Alex (guitar/programming) and Willie (vocals/drums/bass/programming), Seppuku Paradigm was formed in 2005.Before forming the group Willie had released a debut solo album in 2004 on a major label (Willie Cortez: Farsuct '/Delabel/ EMI ). Alex, who is a former member of French collective Downliners Sekt ' (The Pledge EP /B:Cuts) also appeared live and in studio alongside Willie for the FARSUCT project (live performances included festivals \" Printemps de Bourges \", \" Transmusicales \" and opening act for Buck 65 at \" Elys\u00e9e Montmartre \" in Paris).In 2007 the duo independently released their first effort Unedited/Unreviewed EP ).The same year the band wrote/produced three exclusive songs for Julien S\u00e9ri's film Scorpion .Their first full original soundtrack was for Franck Vestiel's first film Eden Log , featuring singer Melissa Mars (released in French theaters on Dec 26 2007; bought for the US by Magnet).In 2008 they composed the score to Pascal Laugier \u2019s very controversial second film Martyrs (out in France September 2008/bought for US release by the Weinstein Company ).Their latest work to date is the original soundtrack for Red Nights by Julien Carbon and Laurent Courtiaud for which they won the 'Best Original Soundtrack' award at the Sitges Film Festival in 2010.Seppuku Paradigm - Unedited/Unreviewed EP (2007/Label: Farsuct Global Communication/Dist: Wild Palms Music)Music for the trailer of the game Far Cry 2 released by Ubisoft (MONTREAL - CANADA).(2008)", ["2_324"]] [20325, "The River Parrett Trail is a long-distance footpath that can be used for walking, jogging, or running, following the route of the River Parrett in Somerset , England . The trail, which is 50 miles (80\u00a0km) long, runs from Chedington in Dorset to the mouth of the river in Bridgwater Bay where it joins the West Somerset Coast Path . It passes many landmarks and places of interest including; Burrow Hill Cider Farm , Muchelney Abbey , West Sedgemoor (a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), the Blake Museum , Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum , the site of the Battle of Sedgemoor and finally discharging into Bridgwater Bay (another SSSI).The trail is managed by The Parrett Trail Partnership, a consortium of agencies including: Arts Council England, South West , British Waterways , Cannington Agricultural College, Country Land and Business Association , Natural England , Environment Agency , National Farmers Union , Royal Society for the Protection of Birds , Somerset Council, Somerset Wildlife Trust , South West Tourism, Take Art!, and Dorset Council .The following table lists key points of interest along the river.Download coordinates as:", ["2_325"]] [20327, "Little Trees Hill is one of the highest points of the Gog Magog Hills , a ridge of low chalk hills extending for several miles to the south-east of Cambridge in England . Unusually for a Cambridgeshire hill, its summit is reachable on foot, thanks to permissive open access. A footpath runs from the Magog Down car park on Haverhill Road, Stapleford , across the managed meadow called North Down, to the top. The highest point are behind a fence in a wood, but most visitors survey the view from the seats by the fence. The panorama westward is vast; looking northwest there is no higher ground for 50 miles until the Lincolnshire Wolds . The city of Cambridge is visible, with Addenbrooke's Hospital and the Catholic Church prominent. The Madingley Hills can be seen over the other side of the Cam valley and Castle Hill in Cambridge is prominent. To the southwest, Rowley's Hill and the obelisk on St Margaret's Mount can be seen through binoculars.The hill is within the 163.5 acres (66.2\u00a0ha) privately owned site called Magog Down, which is owned and managed by The Magog Trust. Many circular paths can be used within the site, of varying lengths. The site as a whole is popular with dog walkers and with sledges on the rare occasions when the hill is covered with snow. The other summit in the range is Wandlebury Hill about 500 metres to the north east and to which this hill is connected by a low ridge.", ["2_327"]] [20330, "Elias Dayton (May 1, 1737 \u2013 October 22, 1807) was an American merchant and military officer who served as captain and colonel of the local militia and in 1783 rose to become a brigadier general during the American Revolutionary War . Afterward, he became the Mayor of Elizabethtown, New Jersey and served in the New Jersey General Assembly . He was the father of U.S. Constitution signer Jonathan Dayton . Dayton was born in Elizabeth , Province of New Jersey . He married Hannah Rolfe in 1757, and they had two sons, Jonathan Dayton (1760-1824), who would become the youngest signatory of the U.S. Constitution, and Elias Bayley Dayton (1764-1846).During the French and Indian War , Dayton served first as a lieutenant and then as a captain in the New Jersey militia . During Pontiac's War , in 1760, he served as a commander in the Detroit region. After the wars, Dayton returned to Elizabethtown, New Jersey , where he became a mechanic, merchant and colonial official.In 1774 the First Continental Congress called on the colonies to resist Parliament 's recent tax policy by joining in an association to boycott goods imported from Britain. Dayton allied himself with the local revolutionary movement and served on Elizabethtown's enforcement committee. When the state turned against Royal Governor William Franklin in 1775, the New Jersey's Provincial Congress chose Dayton to lead the 3rd New Jersey Regiment . In July 1775 he and William Alexander, Lord Stirling, led militia forces which captured a British transport off Elizabethtown.In the spring of 1776 Dayton (as colonel) and his 3rd New Jersey troops (including his young son Jonathan, who would become the regimental paymaster by August) were sent to support an invasion of Canada. However, they were diverted to New York 's Mohawk Valley where Colonel Dayton constructed fortifications to protect the colonists from Loyalist and Indian insurrections. These fortifications included Fort Dayton in what is now Herkimer, New York and Fort Schuyler (now called Fort Stanwix but was allowed to go to ruin after the French and Indian War) in what is now Rome, New York .In 1777, Dayton set up a spy network for George Washington on Staten Island to work in parallel with an established American intelligence agent, John Mersereau . In December 1778, New Jersey named Dayton as a delegate to the Continental Congress , but he remained with the army and did not attend the Congress. He helped suppress a mutiny of the New Jersey line in 1781, and was promoted to brigadier general in the Continental Army in 1783, and later to major general of militia. He had a prominent role in the battles of Springfield, Monmouth, Brandywine and Yorktown, and had horses shot under him at Germantown (outside Philadelphia), at Springfield, and at Crosswick's Bridge.Dayton helped establish The Society of the Cincinnati in the state of New Jersey as an original member, and served as the President of the New Jersey Society from its foundation until his death. He served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1791\u20131792 and 1794\u20131796, and was mayor of Elizabethtown from 1796-1805.He died at age 70 and was interred at the First Presbyterian Churchyard in Elizabeth, New Jersey . The city of Dayton, Ohio would be named after his son Jonathan Dayton .", ["2_330"]] [20331, "USCGC Kathleen Moore is the ninth Sentinel-class cutter by Bollinger shipyards delivered to the United States Coast Guard . She was delivered to the Coast Guard, for pre-commissioning testing, on 28 March 2014. The first six cutters are home-ported in Miami, Florida . The second six cutters, including Kathleen Moore , will be home-ported in Key West, Florida . The 58 cutters will replace the Island-class cutters , and together with the smaller Marine Protector-class cutters , will perform the Coast Guard's main offshore patrol duties.The Sentinel-class cutters were designed to replace the shorter 110-foot (34\u00a0m) Island class. Kathleen Moore is equipped with a remote-control 25\u00a0mm (0.98\u00a0in) Bushmaster autocannon and four, crew-served M2HB .50-caliber machine guns. The ship has a bow thruster for maneuvering in crowded anchorages and channels. Kathleen Moore also has small underwater fins for coping with the rolling and pitching caused by large waves. The class is equipped with a stern launching ramp , like the Marine Protector class and the eight failed expanded Island-class cutters. The cutter has a complement of twenty-two crew members. Like the Marine Protector class, and the cancelled extended Island-class cutters, the Sentinel-class cutters deploy the Short Range Prosecutor rigid-hulled inflatable boat (SRP or RHIB) in rescues and interceptions. According to Marine Log , modifications to the Coast Guard vessels from the Stan 4708 design include an increase in speed from 23 to 28 knots (43 to 52\u00a0km/h; 26 to 32\u00a0mph), fixed-pitch rather than variable-pitch propellers, stern launch capability, and watertight bulkheads. Kathleen Moore has an overall length of 153\u00a0feet 6\u00a0inches (46.79\u00a0m), a beam of 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m), and a displacement of 325 long tons (330\u00a0t; 364 short tons). Kathleen Moore ' s draft is 9\u00a0feet 6\u00a0inches (2.90\u00a0m) and the ship has a maximum speed of over 28 knots (52\u00a0km/h; 32\u00a0mph). The Sentinel-class cutters have an endurance of five days and a range of 2,950 nautical miles (3,390\u00a0mi; 5,460\u00a0km). In November 2015 Kathleen Moore participated in the interception and repatriation of 85 individuals who tried to flee Cuba, by sea. In February, June and July 2016, Kathleen Moore repatriated 10, 83 and 50 Cuban refugees. In 2010, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Charles \"Skip\" W. Bowen , the U.S. Coast Guard's senior enlisted person at the time, lobbied for the new Sentinel-class cutters to be named after enlisted Coast Guardsmen, or personnel from its precursor services, who had distinguished themselves by their heroism. Moore started working for the U.S. Lighthouse Service when she was 12 years old, and was credited with saving at least 21 lives over the course of her career. ", ["2_331"]] [20332, "The Lake Borgne Light was a lighthouse in Mississippi at the entrance to Lake Borgne on what is now Lighthouse Point, east of Heron Bay. It was built in 1889 to replace an earlier light on St. Joseph's Island further east, which was shrinking and is now completely gone. The new light sat on a screwpile foundation in the marsh and was reached by a boardwalk; it was equipped with a fifth order Fresnel lens . The house was destroyed by the 1906 Mississippi hurricane but was rebuilt; it was deactivated in 1937 and abandoned. The foundation of the light is marked as a hazard on present day charts, as the point of land has eroded further. ", ["2_332"]] [20333, "Eivind Kristofer Reiten (born 2 April 1953) is a Norwegian economist, corporate officer and politician for the Centre Party . He served as Minister of Fisheries from 1985-1986 and Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1989-1990, before entering a career in business. Reiten served as the Director General (CEO) of Norsk Hydro between 2001 and 2009, after which he took up the chairmanship of Norske Skog . Eivind Reiten was also Chairman of StatoilHydro for four days until he resigned from his position after Norsk Hydro had been accused of corruption. Reiten was born in Midsund as the son of Kristofer Reiten, a farmer and fisher, and housewife Kjellaug Opstad. He enrolled as a student in 1972, and graduated from the University of Oslo in 1978 with a degree in economics. He worked as a civil servant from 1979 to 1982, and as a secretary for the Centre Party from 1982 to 1983. He was then brought into the government as state secretary to the Minister of Finance from 1983 to 1985. He then became Minister of Fisheries from 1985 to 1986 as part of the Second cabinet Willoch , and Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1989 to 1990 as part of Cabinet Syse . In his last political position, he was responsible for the deregulation of the electricity market in Norway. Having chaired the Centre Youth , the youth wing of the Centre Party, from 1979 to 1981, he served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from 1985 to 1989. Reiten started working for Norsk Hydro in 1988, heading the energy division from that year, and becoming senior vice president of special projects in 1991. From 1992 he led the refining and marketing division, and from 1998 the aluminum division. He was appointed executive vice president for light metals in 1999. He succeeded Egil Myklebust as chief executive officer in 2001. He was a member of the board of the Bank of Norway from 1991 to 1994 and Norske Skogindustrier from 1997 to 2000, and has chaired the board of Norway Post (1996\u20131999) and Telenor (2000\u20132001). He has attended the Bilderberg meetings. [ citation needed ] He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences . As part of the merger between Statoil and the oil and gas division of Norsk Hydro, Reiten was appointed chair of the merged StatoilHydro that merged on 1 October 2007. Four days later Reiten withdrew from the seat. The reason was that it was uncertain whether or not he knew about a corruption case Hydro had been accused of, where a Libyan consulting company and the consultant Abdurrazag Gammudi had been paid 60 million kr , used to make bribes, after the Hydro take-over of Saga Petroleum in 1999. Stated Reiten, it was in no-one's interest that he retain a conflict of interest by retaining the seat of chair in the company that would investigate himself. The case had arisen on 26 September, after a Hydro employee had leaked information about the matter; it had not been identified as part of the due diligence performed by Statoil prior to the merger. He was replaced by his deputy, Marit Arnstad , who is also a former Minister of Petroleum and Energy from the Centre Party. The investigation from StatoilHydro concluded that Reiten was informed about this during 2000 and 2001, while the investigation in Norsk Hydro concluded that Reiten did not know about the corruption. Since the Norsk Hydro investigation\u2014that included checking 1.5 million documents\u2014could not show that Reiten knew about the corruption, Hydro Chairman Terje Vareberg confirmed that Reiten would not be removed from his position. However, two executives of StatoilHydro were required to leave immediately. In January 2009 Reiten announced that he was stepping down as Chief Executive of Norsk Hydro from 30 March 2009, with executive vice president Svein Richard Brandtz\u00e6g taking over. Reiten has since been nominated to replace Kim Wahl as Chairman of Norske Skog at the company's annual general meeting in April 2009. Reiten is married and has two children. He resides in Oslo .", ["2_333"]] [20334, "SS Omrah was an ocean liner for the Orient Steam Navigation Company built in 1899 for passenger service between the United Kingdom and Australia. During World War I , the ship was taken over for use as a troopship . On 12 May 1918, while headed from Marseilles to Alexandria , Omrah was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine UB-52 40 nautical miles (74\u00a0km) from Sardinia . One person aboard Omrah died in the attack. This article about a specific civilian ship or boat is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_334"]] [20336, "Amanda Strang (born January 21, 1980), also known as Amanda S , is a French actress, singer, presenter and former fashion model based in Hong Kong . She appeared in 2001 movie Martial Angels and was a presenter on the food related television show Market Trotter . In 2011 she opened her own French p\u00e2tisserie petiteAmanda in Hong Kong. Strang was born in 1980 in Tahiti , French Polynesia to a French father and a Taiwanese mother. Being raised in Hong Kong, she moved with her family to India at age nine before starting to model and subsequently entering the film industry. Over the course of eight years she appeared in five different films and became a presenter on the food lifestyle show Market Trotter with food critic Chua Lam . Here she was convinced by Lam to pursue her dream of opening her own bakery. After graduating from the Paris-based culinary school Le Cordon Bleu in 2010 she apprenticed at French bakery Ladur\u00e9e and the Caprice at the Four Seasons Hotel in Hong Kong. A year later Strang opened her own p\u00e2tisserie petiteAmanda in the IFC serving a range of French pastries and desserts. ", ["2_336"]] [20339, "The 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army , raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1881. The regiment was raised by General Sir John Doyle as the 87th (The Prince of Wales's Irish) Regiment of Foot , in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution , on 18 September 1793. The regiment was named after the George, Prince of Wales , who later became King George IV. The regiment was sent to join the Duke of York 's army in the Netherlands in summer 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign . The regiment repulsed a unit of French troops during a skirmish at Aalst in Belgium in July 1794 but was subsequently captured by the French Army at Bergen op Zoom in the Netherlands in 1795. The regiment was reformed and embarked for the West Indies in October 1796 and helped carry out an unsuccessful attack on Puerto Rico in April 1797. It transferred to Saint Lucia later in the year, to Martinique in December 1799 and to Dominica in April 1800. It then moved on to Barbados in April 1801, to Cura\u00e7ao in August 1801 and to Antigua in April 1803. After moving to Saint Kitts in June 1803, it embarked for home in July 1804. A second battalion was raised in December 1804. The 1st Battalion sailed for South America in September 1806 and took part in the disastrous expedition under Sir Home Popham : it saw action at the Battle of Montevideo in February 1807 and the unsuccessful attack on Buenos Aires in July 1807. The regiment's light company were captured by Spanish troops during the attack although they were subsequently released. The 1st Battalion sailed on to the Cape of Good Hope in August 1807 and then took part in the Invasion of Isle de France in December 1810. The regiment became the 87th (The Prince of Wales's Own Irish) Regiment of Foot in 1811. The 1st Battalion embarked for India in June 1815 and saw action in the Nepal Hills in January 1816 during the Anglo-Nepalese War . It amalgamated with the 2nd Battalion in February 1817. Meanwhile, the 2nd Battalion landed in Lisbon for service in the Peninsular War in March 1809. It took part in the Battle of Talavera in July 1809 and the Battle of Barrosa in March 1811. At Barrosa, Ensign Edward Keogh and Sergeant Patrick Masterson captured the French Imperial Eagle of the 8th Regiment de Ligne. Keogh only managed to get a hand on the shaft when he was shot, bayoneted and killed. Masterson took over and, after killing several men, wrenched the Eagle from the dying hands of its bearer, Lieutenant Gazan. The battalion also took part in the Siege of Tarifa in December 1812 and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813. At Vitoria, it was bugler Paddy Shannon of the 2nd Battalion who \"picked up\" Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's baton at the end of the battle. The battalion then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813, the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 and the Battle of Orthez in February 1814 as well as the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814. The regiment remained in India and was deployed to Burma in October 1825 for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War : it formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava . It returned to India arriving in Calcutta in November 1826 and embarked for England in February 1827. It became the 87th Regiment of Foot (or Prince of Wales's Own Irish Fusiliers) in July 1827 and the 87th (or Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot in November 1827. The regiment embarked for Mauritius in February 1831 and remained there until it returned to England in June 1843. It went back to India in April 1849 and saw action on the North West Frontier during the Indian Rebellion . It embarked at Calcutta for Hong Kong in 1860 but returned home in 1861. It was posted to Gibraltar in 1866 and to Malta in 1868, before sailing for Nova Scotia in 1872, transferring to the Bermuda Garrison in 1876 and embarking for home in 1877. As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 87th was linked with the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers) and assigned to district no. 68 at Renmore Barracks in Galway . On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers) . Battle honours won by the regiment were: Colonels of the Regiment were: Regimental titles in italics indicate they were disbanded or renumbered before 1881.", ["2_339"]] [20343, "Valentina Alexandrovna Savchenkova is a former Russian football defender who played for Ryazan-VDV . She has won five Russian leagues with Lada Togliatti , Zvezda Perm and VDV Ryazan. She is a member of the Russian national team . This biographical article related to women's association football in Russia is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_343"]] [20344, "St Michael's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Stretton en le Field , Leicestershire , England ( grid reference SK303119 ). It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade\u00a0II* listed building , and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust . Most of the fabric in the church dates from the 14th\u00a0century. The tower was added in the 15th\u00a0century, and the clerestory in the following century. More alterations were made in the following three centuries. The spire was rebuilt in 1889, and in 1911 a restoration was carried out by Christopher Spalding. After it was declared redundant, the church was vested in the Churches Conservation Trust. The church is constructed in local sandstone . Its plan consists of a nave with a north aisle and a south porch, a chancel , and a west tower. The tower is in two stages. In the lower stage is a west Perpendicular window, and the upper stage contains a single-light bell opening on each side. The parapet is battlemented , and on top of the tower is a recessed spire. The nave has a plain parapet and its arched windows have been divided by central mullions . The five windows in the clerestory are square-headed, and are also divided into two lights by mullions. The north aisle has windows, some of which are blocked, and a doorway, also blocked, under a Tudor arch . The chancel has a battlemented parapet with pinnacles , and a Perpendicular five-light east window. Between the nave and the north aisle is a three- bay arcade . In the wall of the aisle are the remnants of a tomb recess with pinnacles. The church is floored with square brick tiles. All the windows contain leaded lights . The timber roof has bosses and carved grotesque figures. The chancel arch appears to be made of stone, but it is in fact wooden and covered with stucco , giving it the appearance of stone. The church contains a full set of 18th-century box pews , and a chancel rail with turned balusters from the same period. The font dates from about 1662. The memorials include a carved alabaster grave slab to Richard Savage who died in 1489, and his wife, Agnes. There is a brass tablet giving thanks for the fact that eleven men from the Parish went to the Great War of 1914 to 1918 and all eleven returned making Stretton en le Field one of the Thankful Villages .", ["2_344"]] [20348, "Edward Bright Bruce (April 13, 1879 \u2013 January 26, 1943) was the administrator of the New Deal art projects of the United States Department of the Treasury : the Public Works of Art Project (1933\u20131934), the Section of Painting and Sculpture (1934\u20131943), and the Treasury Relief Art Project (1935\u20131938). Ned Bruce was a successful lawyer and entrepreneur before giving up his business career altogether at the age of 43 to become an artist. However, like most artists during the Depression, he found it impossible to make a living making art, and he grudgingly returned to business as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. In 1932 he joined the Treasury Department, where his expertise in monetary policy and art guided federal efforts to employ workers in the visual arts during the Great Depression in the United States . Edward Bright Bruce was born in Dover Plains, New York , on April 13, 1879, the son of a Baptist minister. He began painting at the age of 14. He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1904 with high honors. He began practicing law in New York City and Manila in the Philippines with the law firm of Bruce, Lawrence, Ross and Block. While working in Manila, he bought and ran The Manila Times , a popular daily newspaper. In 1915 he changed his focus to banking and trade throughout China and the Far East with a company he created, the Pacific Development Corporation. [ citation needed ]Throughout this time Bruce continued painting and collecting art, particularly Chinese art . In 1922, he ended his business career and moved to Italy to study art with the American painter and sculptor Maurice Sterne . He left Italy in 1929 because of the oppressive Fascist conditions, and moved to California . His landscape paintings, which were influenced by the Chinese works in his collection, were featured in a number of one-person shows with excellent reviews in Paris, New York, and San Francisco. [ citation needed ]Despite his acclaim as an artist, Bruce was unable to sell any artwork after the start of the Depression, and returned to a career in business. In the winter of 1932 he came to Washington to lobby on behalf of the Calamba Sugar Estate of San Francisco , which had interests in the Philippines . He cultivated good relations with Washington officials, and joined the Treasury Department in 1932 as an expert on monetary policy. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt received a letter from the American painter George Biddle , who suggested a New Deal program that would hire artists to paint murals in federal office buildings. Roosevelt was intrigued by the idea, and brought the idea to the Treasury Department, which oversaw all construction of federal buildings. Bruce was asked to help plan and organize the effort. [ citation needed ]In December 1933, Bruce was appointed administrator of the first federally supported arts program, the Public Works of Art Project . He was given the task of organizing the work-relief project that employed professional artists to create sculptures, paintings, crafts and design for public buildings and parks during the Depression. It was an emergency program that was not given strict relief testing. In its six months of existence, the Public Works of Art Project employed about 3,700 artists, spending about $1,312,000. In October 1934, the Treasury Department created the Section of Painting and Sculpture (later named the Section of Fine Arts, and usually called simply the Section) under Bruce's leadership. It was not a work-relief program, but rather a program that commissioned paintings and sculptures for new federal buildings\u2014most notably post offices and court houses\u2014through open competitions. The project continued until 1943, after awarding some 1,400 contracts to artists at a cost of $2,571,000. Administered by the Section under Bruce, the Treasury Relief Art Project was created in July 1935. The Works Progress Administration allocated funds for the work-relief employment of Federal Art Project artists to assist in the creation of artworks for existing federal buildings. TRAP employed 446 people, including 275 artists, 75 percent of them on relief. The total project cost was $833,784 and operated until 1939. In 1935, Bruce was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member. [ citation needed ] FDR appointed him to the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts in 1940; he served until 1943. Bruce died January 26, 1943, in Hollywood, Florida , after a brief illness. A Liberty ship , the SS Edward Bruce , was named in Bruce's honor. The ship was christened by his widow November 8, 1943, at the Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard of Baltimore. Bruce was a prominent landscape painter whose work was shown in leading U.S. galleries and museums and purchased by the government of France. Seven of his canvases are in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum :", ["2_348"]] [20349, "Orleans Parish Prison is the city jail for New Orleans, Louisiana . First opened in 1837, it is operated by the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office . Most of the prisoners\u20141,300 of the 1,500 or so as of June 2016\u2014are awaiting trial. In May 2013, Orleans Parish Prison ranked as one of the ten worst prisons in the United States, based on reporting in Mother Jones magazine. The old Parish Prison opened in 1837 on the square bound by Orleans, Trem\u00e9 , St. Ann, and Marais. During the day, prisoners were kept outside in the segregated courtyards. At night, most prisoners slept on the floor of crowded cells with only two blankets each. The last prisoners left in 1895. The location was later used to construct a building for the Sewerage and Water Board. In 1895, The Times-Picayune described Orleans Parish Prison as:\"the place where refractory slaves were sent to receive a dose of cat o'nine tails, or to be confined in the dungeons in extreme cases the rebellious blacks were kept dark cells on a diet of bread and water. Jailors subjected enslaved people to degrading and torturous prison conditions as a punishment for running away.\" The prison closed in early 1895, and in 1931, prison and court functions were relocated to new facilities at Tulane and Broad, over one mile straight back on Tulane Avenue. In 1967, the House of Detention complex opened, followed by the Community Corrections Center (CCC) complex in 1976. HOD closed in 2012, and CCC has since been abandoned since 2005.The Orleans Parish Prison has had tremendous problems for a long time, mostly caused by lack of mentoring of the inmates by deputies . Several fights, stabbings and deaths have occurred in the prison, mostly in the 13-story high-rise House of Detention which has become infamous. \nA group of inmates filed a class-action lawsuit against the jail in 1969 but problems still went unaddressed. Statistics researchers considered Orleans Parish Prison to be probably the worst jail in the country. The prison was described as too large, understaffed, and filthy. Prisoners lived in fear of being beaten or raped. In 2012 there were 600 ambulance runs to the emergency room, with more than half of them related to violence. Guards rarely patrolled the House of Detention, one of several buildings comprising the Orleans Parish Prison complex. Prisoners had access to drugs and weapons such as kitchen knives and handguns by way of guards. On August 29, 2005, when Hurricane Katrina \u2013an extremely destructive and deadly category 5 hurricane\u2013struck the Gulf Coast, the staff of Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office abandoned the jail, leaving roughly 650 prisoners in their cells with no access to food, water, or ventilation for days. Deputies returned to the Orleans Parish Prison days later and began evacuating inmates to surrounding areas which included the Elayn Hunt Correctional Center , the I-10 overpass, and the Broad Street overpass. In over 400 testimonials conducted by the American Civil Liberties Union , prisoners described their experiences during the abandonment which included exposure to floodwater and other elements, hunger, beatings by jail staff and other inmates, and other racially-charged abuse by jail staff. While there is no official death count for prisoners that were left behind, 517 prisoners were later registered as \"unaccounted for\" by Humans Rights Watch . The Federal Emergency Management Agency dedicated $223 million to the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office for restoration of its facilities following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The Sheriff's Office has outlined three phases of construction that would utilize these funds.The Phase I facility is a three-story, 163,885 square foot (15,225.4\u00a0m 2 ) building consisting of a kitchen and warehouse. Opened in 2015, Phase II contains 1,438 beds and cost $146 million to construct. The Sheriff\u2019s Office plans to build an additional 750-bed facility. The Orleans Parish Prison Reform Coalition opposes the plan, calling on former Democratic Mayor Mitch Landrieu 's office to \"oppose any options involving the expansion of the jail,\" and instead support \"retrofitting of the current jail to better care for incarcerated special populations.\" In 2021, Susan Hutson defeated longtime incumbent Marlin Gusman to become the city's next sheriff. Her campaign was centered on opposition to the Phase III planned jail expansion. Nonetheless, it was ultimately unsuccessful; in 2023, a federal judge ordered the city to begin construction. Between April 2006 and April 2014, The Times-Picayune reports 44 inmate deaths, including seven \"uncounted\" deaths, referring to inmates released shortly before their deaths. Since the report, there have been five additional fatalities, bringing the total to 49 since April 2006.The 10 to 12 adult women onboard the Golden Venture vessel from China that washed ashore in the Rockaways in New York City in June 1993 were kept at Orleans Parish Prison for a few years. On November 29, 2015, state Senator Troy E. Brown of Ascension Parish was booked in the Orleans Parish Prison for domestic abuse battery , a misdemeanor stemming from an incident with his alleged long-term paramour, a woman from Labadieville , at the Hyatt Regency Hotel near the Caesars Superdome in New Orleans. ", ["2_349"]] [20352, "Shinagawa Lighthouse was a lighthouse in Shinagawa (\u54c1\u5ddd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7832\u53f0), south of Tokyo , Japan . The lighthouse was the third of the four lighthouses built by French engineer L\u00e9once Verny . It was relocated to the Meiji Mura historical theme park near Nagoya . Later lighthouses would be built by the English engineer Richard Henry Brunton , until the Japanese would take over lighthouse construction in 1880. The lighthouse was first lit on 5 March 1870. [ citation needed ]This lighthouse -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_352"]] [20353, "United Nations Security Council resolution 818 , adopted unanimously on 14 April 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 782 (1992) and 797 (1992) on the situation in Mozambique , the Council stressed its concern regarding the delays and difficulties affecting the implementation of the peace process envisaged in the Rome General Peace Accords during the Mozambican Civil War . The resolution called upon the Government of Mozambique and RENAMO to co-operate with the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the Special Representative during the implementation of the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ), and further urged both to comply with the commitments they entered into with the Peace Accords, particularly in relation to the concentration, assembly and demobilisation of their armed troops and the formation of a new armed forces . In this respect, it called for the training of the new Mozambican Defence Force as soon as possible. Further addressing the two parties, the resolution welcomed the announcement of both to convene as soon as possible a meeting between the President of Mozambique and the President of RENAMO and at the same time appealed to RENAMO to ensure uninterrupted functioning of the joint Commissions and monitoring mechanisms and for both parties to respect the ceasefire and allow freedom of movement and goods. It also called for the freedom of movement of ONUMOZ, welcomed the Secretary-General's intention to deploy the peacekeeping force and stressed the importance of the early signature of the status of forces agreement between the Government of Mozambique and the United Nations to facilitate free, efficient and effective operation of ONUMOZ in the country. The agreement was signed on 14 May 1993. The Council concluded by welcoming the efforts of Member States in Mozambique and requested the Secretary-General to submit, by 30 June 1993, a report on the situation in the country, including preparations for the elections and the demobilisation of Mozambican forces.", ["2_353"]] [20355, "\u00c9mile Engel (5 April 1889 \u2013 14 September 1914) was a French professional road bicycle racer . In the 1914 Tour de France he won stage 3, and was disqualified after stage 8 when he was involved in a fight with a race official. Only three months later he was killed in World War I . This biographical article related to a French cycling person born in the 1880s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_355"]] [20356, "The Waldsteinburg , also called the Red Castle ( German : Rotes Schloss ) is a ruined castle on the summit of the Gro\u00dfer Waldstein in the Fichtel Mountains of Germany . It is also known as the Westburg ('west castle') to distinguish it from the older ruins of the Ostburg ('east castle'). The aforementioned Westburg , first recorded in 1350, was built to replace the older Ostburg , which no longer met the requirements for a defensive fortification. Its builders and owners were the knights of Sparneck .For centuries the lords of Sparneck ruled over a territory, which corresponded roughly to the former district of M\u00fcnchberg . Waldstein Castle was an integral part of the estate of this once powerful family. The most famous member on the Waldstein was R\u00fcdiger von Sparneck (ca. 1300-1364/68), who in 1336 was elected count palatine of Eger . When the King of Bohemia was crowned as Emperor Charles IV , the centre of power of the Holy Roman Empire moved within easy reach of the Sparnecks and Waldstein Castle played an important role in the power structure of the western Egerland and its surrounding regions. This time is considered the heyday of the lords of Sparneck; and R\u00fcdiger, who had become more powerful, awarded M\u00fcnchberg the town rights of Nuremberg on 13 July 1364 . His son Hans I of Sparneck was appointed to the chapter of Bamberg on 28 April 1352. Amongst other things, he enfeoffed the Waldstein to Konrad of Neuberg . He succeeded, however, together with his brothers Erhard (1364\u20131417), Frederick I (1364\u20131415) and Pabo II (1364\u20131373) to assume the fief of Waldstein from the emperor.In the middle of the 15th century, many once powerful men operated in a manner which was later referred to a robber baronetcy , in order to keep their estates and if possible to expand them. Thomas von Absberg was particularly noted for this and, around 1500, had terrorized the whole of Franconia . He kidnapped traders on several occasions and demanded a large ransom for their release. On 24 June 1520 he attacked a group of travellers on the Hahnenkamm . Joachim, Count of Oettingen , who was with the group, was so badly wounded in the melee that, on 6 July, he died of his injuries. This event was reported to the Swabian League and to Charles V , who had just been named the \"elected\" German Emperor; he promptly placed the imperial ban on the Absberg family . Finally, in May 1521, Absberg attacked a group of returnees from the Reichstag in Worms on the Knittling high road. Hans Lamparter of Greiffenstein (the imperial spokesman) and Johann Lucas, who handled financial transactions on behalf of the emperor fell into his hands. After several stops, the prisoners were brought to the Waldstein , the most secure fortress in the whole Fichtelgebirge, and which belonged to Wolf and Christopher of Sparneck.In January 1523, after a year and 38 days in captivity, the prisoners succeeded with \"the help of God\", to escape and reported at Nuremberg that the Sparnecks had helped the Absbergs. On 1 June, a powerful army, comprising 10,000 infantry , 1,000 riders, 100 rifles , and 33 cannon with 900 pounds of gunpowder was deployed. On 11 July the troops reached Waldstein Castle and razed it down to its foundations. The castle fell into ruin and was never rebuilt by the Sparnecks. The last of the family line died in 1744 in Wunsiedel .On a woodcut by war correspondent , Hans Wandereisen, the castle is shown high above the surrounding area. Judging by the number of floors it is rather exaggerated, yet the ruins still stand on an impressive rocky plateau today.Around the spur the forest is cleared, allowing a view of the troops belonging to the Federation. In the original document, published by Baron von Reizenstein, it talks about a Schaffhausen ('sheep shed'). This can be seen as a wooden house.If the path is followed, on which a rider and barrels of gunpowder are depicted, uphill is the outer ward , of which is one side of the castle gate still survives. The castle is well fortified on all sides and only at the back can a simple palisade be seen which exploit the natural rock formation. In the left half of the castle, a stone cottage can be seen, which was used as a warehouse, according to Schwarz.The inner ward consisted of a palace , a gatehouse , a battlement with bartizan (on the woodcut in the centre of the castle and oversized) and a quadratic keep . Access to the inner ward was protected by a drawbridge, which is not visible on the woodcut. Several investigations, including by Karl Dietel, support this hypothesis, however.Waltstain, ain schlo\u00dfs der Sparnecker, darauff die gefanngen gelegen, die selbst auskomen sindt durch hilff des almechtigen: Item de\u00dfselben tags ist durch Wolffen von Freyburg, einem edlman, so von der statt Augspurg zu haubtmann geordnet was, das schlo\u00df Waltstain, so des Cristoffen vnd Jorgen von Sparneckh, gebr\u00fcdere gewest, darauff die gefanngen gelegen vnd auskomen sind, nemlich Johann Lampartter und Pamgartner, verprennt vnd die gefengnus mit pulfer zersprenngt vnd zerri\u00dfsen. Dasselb schlo\u00dfs ist gar ein mordtgruben vnd nichts erpauen, an einem wilden ortt in einem walde gelegen, vnd nichts darinn gewest.Transcription : Waldstein, a castle belonging to the Sparnecks, where the prisoners were held, who escaped by themselves with the help of the Almighty: On the same day, Waldstein Castle, which belonged to the brothers Christopher and Georg von Sparneck, in which the prisoners, namely Lamparter and Johann Baumg\u00e4rtner were kept and escaped, is razed by Christoph von Freyburg , a gentleman, appointed as Hauptmann to the city of Augsburg, and the prison blown up with gunpowder and wrecked. This castle is a death pit and was built at a wild, remote spot in a forest. There was nothing else there to be found. (The Sparnecks fled before the approaching troops, and took with them what they could carry)After its destruction in 1523, the castle was forgotten. Not until the War of Spanish Succession (1701\u20131714), was it used again, this time as a store, the gatehouse being re-roofed and acting as a watchtower . The red tiles used for the roof gave rise to its name of the Red Castle , a term first coined by the headmaster of Hof Grammar School, Helfrecht, in 1795 when he published his first work on the castle.Of the once proud castle rock, only its foundations remain. In 2007, a small part of the wall fell down. The State Department for Monument Conservation is considering whether to save the ruins.The Waldstein Festival was staged by the Fichtelgebirge Club at M\u00fcnchberg for the first time in 1923, 400 years after the destruction of the fortress. In 1995, the Waldstein Rock Theatre Club ( Verein Felsenb\u00fchne Waldstein ) was founded, which currently numbers 150 members and since its founding has performed four historical plays on the stage at the foot of the castle, three of them written themselves. ", ["2_356"]] [20357, "Oguradai Station ( \u5c0f\u5009\u53f0\u99c5 , Oguradai-eki ) is a monorail station on the Chiba Urban Monorail in Wakaba-ku in the city of Chiba , Chiba Prefecture , Japan. It is located 10.2 kilometers from the northern terminus of the line at Chiba Station . Oguradai Station is an elevated station with two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.Oguradai Station opened on March 28, 1988. [ citation needed ]35\u00b037\u203240\u2033N 140\u00b010\u203219\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 35.6277\u00b0N 140.1719\u00b0E \ufeff / 35.6277; 140.1719This Chiba Prefecture railroad station -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_357"]] [20359, "Valley View is a mid-19th-century Greek Revival residence and farm overlooking the South Branch Potomac River northwest of Romney, West Virginia . The house is atop a promontory where Depot Valley joins the South Branch Potomac River valley. The Valley View property was part of the South Branch Survey of the Northern Neck Proprietary , a large tract that was inherited by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron , in 1719. It was settled by John Collins and his family in 1749, and acquired by the Parsons family before 1772. The Valley View house was built by James Parsons Jr. in 1855. After the Civil War , Parsons' widow sold the farm to Charles Harmison. His wife, Elizabeth Harmison, inspired by her childhood Virginia home, Western View, and the scenic South Branch Potomac River views, named the farm Valley View. The most recent of a series of owners, the Mayhew family, bought the property in 1979. Valley View's current proprietors, Robert and Kim Mayhew, have restored the historic residence and grounds.The house at Valley View is a two-story brick structure with a rectangular architectural plan. The front entrance is covered by a small portico , topped with a pediment supported by wooden Doric columns . The rear of the house, with a two-story wood porch stretching across it, faces the South Branch Potomac River valley and Mill Creek Mountain . Each of the original eight large rooms of the 1855 structure contains a fireplace framed by a wooden mantelpiece with classical elements. The original windows, wooden trim, and materials in the main section of the house are intact. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as a locally significant example of Greek Revival architecture.The Valley View house is about 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) northwest of downtown Romney , atop a promontory (known locally as the Yellow Banks) where Depot Valley joins the South Branch Potomac River valley. Depot Valley runs 0.5 miles (0.8\u00a0km) from West Sioux Lane in Romney to Valley View, and an unnamed tributary of Big Run flows north along its bottom. Depot Valley Road parallels the stream. Depot Valley is named for Romney Depot, located at the end of a former spur of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) South Branch line near the intersection of present-day West Sioux Lane and Depot Valley Road. The unincorporated area around the depot was once known as Valley . A post office operated there from 1928 until 1937, when its mail was routed through Romney; it is assumed that Valley View farm used it, since it was 0.5 miles (0.8\u00a0km) south of the house. The Valley View farm property adjoins the Wappocomo farm on the northeast, the corporate limits of Romney on the east and south and the Yellow Banks on the west. As well as Valley View's 6.63-acre (2.68\u00a0ha) tract, the Mayhew family owns agricultural land rich in alluvial soils along the South Branch Potomac River west of the house. The South Branch Valley Railroad bisects this farmland, crossing the South Branch Potomac River via a wooden trestle . Valley View Island , an island in the South Branch Potomac River just north of the mouth of Sulphur Spring Run, is approximately 0.5 miles (0.8\u00a0km) southwest of the Valley View house. Both the house and the island are owned by the Mayhew family. The island is ringed by forests, with agricultural fields in its center. When Lots Number 17 and 19 of the Northern Neck Proprietary South Branch Survey were surveyed in 1749 and resurveyed in 1788, the island belonged to Lot Number 19. At that time, the river flowed east of the island, along the base of the Yellow Banks; its course later changed to run around the west side of the island. Mill Creek Mountain , a narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises westward from the South Branch Potomac River across from Valley View. The western foothills of South Branch Mountain rise to the east. Both mountains are covered with Appalachian\u00a0\u2013 Blue Ridge forests of hardwoods and pine. The land upon which Valley View is located was originally part of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a land grant that the exiled Charles II awarded to seven of his supporters in 1649 during the English Interregnum . Following the Restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, he renewed the Northern Neck Proprietary grant in 1662, revised it in 1669, and again renewed the original grant favoring the original grantees Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper and Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington in 1672. In 1681, Bennet sold his share to Lord Colepeper, and Lord Colepeper received a new charter for the entire land grant from James II in 1688. Following the deaths of Lord Colepeper, his wife Margaret, and his daughter Katherine, the Northern Neck Proprietary passed to Katherine's son Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1719, who selected a portion of it for his manor. This tract, known as the South Branch Survey of the proprietary, extended from the north end of the Trough to the junction of the North and South Branches of the Potomac River . In 1748, Fairfax commissioned James Genn to survey the South Branch Potomac River lowlands for sale and lease, with lots ranging in size from 300 to 400 acres (120 to 160\u00a0ha). In 1749, the tract on which Valley View stands was purchased from Lord Fairfax by John Collins. The 425-acre (172\u00a0ha) lot was Lot Number 20 on the South Branch Survey. Collins also owned a large tract of land spanning present-day Hampshire and Hardy counties. His son Thomas Collins is thought to have inherited his father's landholdings as an \"heir at law\", since there is no record of a will by John Collins dispensing of his properties. [ a ] By 1772, Thomas Collins acquired Lot Number 20, where he lived with his wife Elizabeth. In 1816, Collins was serving as a magistrate when the town of Romney held a Virginia state election for the Electoral College . One representative from each of Virginia's 25 counties traveled to Romney to cast his vote. Collins and county commissioner William Donaldson certified the convention's election results. In 1817, Thomas Collins sold Lot Number 20 to James Gregg Parsons. It is unknown whether the Collinses moved from the tract or continued living on it after the sale. Thomas Collins died in 1822, and Elizabeth Collins in 1823. The Parsons family members were among the first English settlers in the Thirteen Colonies in 1635; around 1740, they settled in Hampshire County. By 1778, Isaac Parsons (1752\u20131796), a member of the Virginia House of Delegates , owned 161 acres (65\u00a0ha) of Lot Number 16 and all of Lot Number 17 in the Proprietary. James Gregg Parsons, his eldest son, was born in Hampshire County in 1773. In 1795, he married Mary Catherine Casey (1773\u20131846), whose family owned the adjoining Lot Number 21. After their marriage, they lived in the main house at Wappocomo, which had been built by Mary Catherine's father Nicholas Casey. The couple inherited the house after Nicholas Casey's death in 1833. James Gregg Parsons died on January 25, 1847, leaving most of his land to his three sons: James (Big Jim) Parsons Jr. (1798\u20131858), David C. Parsons (1803\u20131860), and Isaac Parsons (1814\u20131862). James, his eldest son, inherited Lot Number 20 (known as the Collins Tract); his second son David inherited Lot Number 13 south of Romney (on which Hickory Grove was later located); and his youngest son Isaac inherited Lot Number 21 (which included Wappocomo). His sons also inherited the nearby \"Jake Sugar Rum Tract, the McGuire Tract, and five town lots in Romney\". According to historian William K. Rice, by 1846 Parsons' sons and their families were all living on the tracts they would eventually inherit. Rice determined that James Parsons Jr. moved to the Collins Tract, around 1826, and was living there when his father died. James Parsons Jr. was a farmer and cattleman who was born in Hampshire County. Parsons family genealogist Virginia Parsons MacCabe wrote the following description of James Parsons Jr. in her book Parsons' Family History and Record (1913): \"He was square and honorable in business, and had a large circle of friends; he had the urbanity and the gentility of manner which characterizes the true gentleman\". Parsons married Elizabeth Miller on January 8, 1829. The couple had eleven children, several of whom attended college. In 1855, Parsons began building the present-day Valley View house on the Collins Tract. Although he wrote many letters to his sister Mary Gregg Parsons Stump about farming, cattle, family, health and community events, no letters are known to remain from the time of the house's construction. The Parsons family owned several slaves who are thought to have assisted with construction. After living in his new house for three years, Big Jim died of tuberculosis on October 14, 1858. His widow, Elizabeth, lived in the house until after the Civil War. In 1867 or 1869, [ b ] she sold the house, the Collins Tract and the remainder of Lot Number 20 to Charles Harmison (1823\u20131896) for $8,500, moving with her remaining children to Missouri (where she died in 1883). The cost of building the house financially strained the Parsons family; historian Catherine Snider Long suggests that Elizabeth Miller Parsons sold the house as a result of further, war-related, financial stress from which the family could not recover. Charles Harmison was born in Franklin County, Illinois , to Nathaniel and Lydia Harmison, and married Bettie Ann Smith (1827\u20131903) on May 4, 1854, in Taylor County, West Virginia . Bettie, the daughter of C. C. and Martha W. Smith, was raised at Western View (their Fauquier County, Virginia , home). By 1867, Harmison and his family were living in Harrison County . His older brother had moved to Romney, where he established and operated the Virginia House hotel. In 1867, Charles Harmison's brother learned that the Parsons farm on the Collins Tract was for sale, and he advised Charles to buy it. Charles' wife, who wanted to live nearer to Virginia, also urged Charles to buy the property. Charles purchased the farm and he, his wife, their seven children, and a young African American boy named Snoden moved from Harrison County to Hampshire County in three days. They traveled on the Northwestern Turnpike in an ambulance Charles had bought after the war. Elizabeth Harmison named their new house and farm Valley View, which was influenced by the name of her childhood home, Western View, and the view of the South Branch Potomac River valley from their property. Harmison prospered in Hampshire County, acquiring adjacent properties and enlarging his Valley View estate. He later gave his acquired lands to his children to establish their own homes when they married. His farm was further changed in 1884, when the B&O Railroad completed its South Branch line between the main B&O line at Green Spring and Romney Depot. The South Branch line bisected the small valley to the immediate east of the house, which became known as Depot Valley. Charles Harmison died on October 31, 1896, after being thrown from a buggy . His son George Edward Harmison (1863\u20131916) inherited Valley View around 1903 and brought his wife, Carrie Belle Fox (1870\u20131953), there after their marriage on October 4, 1905. George demolished the old log kitchen at Valley View, replacing it with a contemporary one. In June 1909, construction commenced on the Hampshire Southern Railroad between its northern terminus on the B&O Railroad's Romney Depot spur and the South Branch Potomac River within the bottomlands of George Harmison's farm. In October 1909, the first train on the Hampshire Southern line passed over Harmison's bottomlands and crossed the river on an unfinished trestle across the South Branch Potomac River. By 1910, the 18-mile (29\u00a0km) line from the Romney spur terminus at Valley View to McNeill was in operation. Later that year, freight and passenger service between Romney and Moorefield began, providing a direct rail link between Moorefield and the B&O Railroad main line at Green Spring. The Hampshire Southern Railroad Company operated this line until 1911, when it was purchased by the Moorefield and Virginia Railroad Company. Moorefield and Virginia transferred the rail line to the B&O Railroad Company in 1913, when it became part of the B&O's South Branch line. In 1911, George Harmison subdivided the Valley View fields on the Yellow Banks overlooking the South Branch Potomac River. The new development, known as the Valley View Addition to Romney, was south of the Valley View house and west of Romney Depot. Twenty-one lots were sold at public auction on September 27, 1911, and several more were sold privately. Harmison died in 1916, and Carrie continued to live at Valley View until her death on February 8, 1953. Harmison's nephew, Paul Cresap Harmison (1893\u20131972, a grandson of Charles Harmison's brother Jonathan Harmison), and his wife Nancy Parker Harmison (1896\u20131981) had moved to Valley View to live with her. After Carrie's death, Paul and Nancy Parker Harmison inherited the house and farm. Paul and Nancy's daughter Virginia Helen Harmison was married to Robert Esler in front of the fireplace in the home's living room on May 5, 1957. Valley View remained in the Harmison family until 1963, when it was sold to Philip Newell and his wife Martha. During its changes in ownership, the original Lot Number 20 of the South Branch Survey was repeatedly partitioned and sold. By 1976, the original property was divided into five farms and other parcels, including the Valley View Addition. The Valley View residence lies on a 6.63-acre (2.68\u00a0ha) tract. Valley View was purchased by Robert Mayhew's father and a business associate in 1979. Mayhew later bought the house from his father, and he and his wife Kim restored the residence and its grounds. In 1991, the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad began operating on the old B&O South Branch line, which bisects the bottomlands below Valley View. After surveys of historic properties in the county, in 2008 the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission and the Hampshire County Commission began an initiative to place structures and districts on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The county received funding from the State Historic Preservation Office of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History to survey and document the structure's architecture and history. As a result of this initiative, Valley View was one of the first eight historic properties to be considered for placement on the register. The other seven were Capon Chapel , Fort Kuykendall, Hickory Grove, Hook Tavern , North River Mills Historic District , Old Pine Church and Springfield Brick House . The house at Valley View was listed on the NRHP on December 12, 2012. The house at Valley View is significant for its Greek Revival architectural elements. According to architectural historian Courtney Fint Zimmerman, \"Valley View is a characteristic example of the Greek Revival style for more practical residential applications in outlying areas\". The Valley View house has several Greek Revival design characteristics, including a symmetrical architectural plan and elevations and \"substantial, formal\" mass. Zimmerman (who prepared Valley View's registration form for the NRHP) said, \"Valley View's applied details in the Greek Revival style, including the front entrance entablature and portico , are more limited, yet the variations that can be seen on Valley View and other estates in the South Branch Valley illustrate the flexibility inherent in the style\". According to Zimmerman, large houses like Valley View served as the \"centers\" of the plantations that formed the \"basis of the local economy and social life\" in Hampshire County. Valley View was added to the NRHP as a locally significant example of Greek Revival architecture. Valley View's house consists of the original 1855 brick section and a board-and-batten 1961\u20131962 kitchen addition. The grounds contain a smokehouse , a water well, the foundations of an ice house , and a summer kitchen. The bricks from which the house was built were fired in the immediate vicinity (along the banks of the South Branch Potomac River), and the brick walls were reinforced with hand-wrought structural iron angles. The nails used in its construction were fabricated by a local blacksmith, and the wooden sills and joists were sawn by hand. Valley View's house is a two-story brick structure with a rectangular architectural plan and exterior dimensions measuring about 49 by 32 feet (14.9 by 9.8\u00a0m). The house's exterior brick walls are 9 inches (23\u00a0cm) thick and laid in an American bond . The house is topped with a steep metal gabled roof with standing seam profiles. Two sets of double inside chimneys extend above the steep roofline on the northwestern and southeastern ends. The front fa\u00e7ade of the house faces a hill to the southwest. It is five bays wide, with the front entrance at the first floor's center bay. Wide double-hung sash windows are uniformly placed on the house's front fa\u00e7ade, with four nine-over-six double-hung wooden sashes on the first story and five six-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the second. [ c ] Each window is surrounded by green-painted wooden shutters and white-painted wooden lintels and sills . The front entrance is covered by a small Greek Revival portico measuring about 12 by 12 feet (3.7 by 3.7\u00a0m), topped with a pediment supported by wooden Doric columns and engaged columns at the wall. The front porch is flanked by modest wooden handrails and balusters on its left and right sides. The front entrance is post and lintel (trabeated) construction, with a six-pane transom and two three-pane sidelight windows around the doorway. Zimmerman suggests that \"Big Jim\" Parsons embellished his home's front entrance to assert his \"wealth and status\" and provide \"an honored welcome to visitors\". The rear fa\u00e7ade of the house faces northeast, across the South Branch Potomac River valley toward Mill Creek Mountain. A two-story (double) wooden porch about 9 feet (2.7\u00a0m) deep extends across the rear of the house, topped by a shed roof extending from the main gabled roof at a shallower pitch . The first-story porch supports are brown wooden turned posts with no handrail or balusters, and the porch's second story has white painted square wood posts and vertical railings. Like the front fa\u00e7ade, the rear fa\u00e7ade is five bays wide; access to the double porch is through a door in the central bay on both levels. The other four bays have nine-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the first story and six-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the second story. The northwestern and southeastern sides of the house have one small square window at attic level, between each pair of inside chimneys. The interior of the Valley View house has a two-room-deep, central-hallway floor plan. Its wide central hallway contains a staircase from the first floor to the attic, with a wooden handrail supported with square balusters and a modest wooden turned newel post. The ceilings are 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) high. Although the house's foundation is low, the height of the interior walls and the full-sized attic make the house appear tall from the outside. The original house has eight large rooms, each with a fireplace framed by a wooden geometric trabeated mantelpiece with classical elements. The four large rooms on the first floor open from either side of the center hallway. They contain simple wide wood trim, including skirting boards and door frame moldings with \"subtly demarcated corners\". The house's living and dining rooms have wide, wooden dado rails . Most of the wooden decorative trim is painted white, and the walls are plaster. The lone exception is the room serving as an office and den, which has dark stained wooden trim and interior brick structural walls (exposed by the removal of its plaster during the 1960s). All rooms have the original wide plank wooden floors. The second floor has four bedrooms, with closets on either side of a fireplace and simple wood skirting boards and door frames. Parsons family members painted signatures and graffiti in the attic around 1856, which remain visible on the stairwell wall. A one-story kitchen addition, built in 1961\u20131962 and measuring about 21 by 14 feet (6.4 by 4.3\u00a0m), extends from the northwest side of the original 1855 house. The addition has a gabled standing seam metal roof, and its exterior is covered in white-painted board-and-batten siding . It has a vinyl bay window on the southwest side, a one-over-one double-hung vinyl window on the northeast side and a door (adjoining the wall of the 1855 house) on the southeast side. An enclosed board-and-batten porch, measuring about 14 by 10 feet (4.3 by 3.0\u00a0m), and a shed roof extend from the front (southwest) of the kitchen addition. The original basement under the 1855 house is accessible through this porch extension. A ghost building outline on the northwest side of the 1855 house indicates an earlier structure where the present kitchen addition stands. There are several ancillary structures near the house at Valley View, including a smokehouse and a water well, and the foundations of an ice house and a summer kitchen. Although the smokehouse, the summer kitchen and the ice house are believed to have been built by the Collinses before Big Jim Parsons built Valley View, the dates of construction are uncertain. The smokehouse, measuring about 15 by 20 feet (4.6 by 6.1\u00a0m), is adjacent to the kitchen addition. It is set into a hillside, allowing at-grade entry to its two levels. Built of square-cut logs with white chinking atop a rubble masonry foundation, the smokehouse is topped with a standing seam metal gabled roof. South of the smokehouse is the brick foundation of an ice house measuring about 15 by 20 feet (4.6 by 6.1\u00a0m) and topped by modern wooden pergola and patio structures. The 15-by-20-foot (4.6 by 6.1\u00a0m) brick foundation of Valley View's summer kitchen is north of the smokehouse and topped by a contemporary wooden pavilion with a gabled roof. In the rear yard of the house is a water well, enclosed by a brick building about 7 by 7 feet (2.1 by 2.1\u00a0m) in area and 3.5 feet (1.1\u00a0m) in height. In the center of the well cap is a metal hand pump. Although the well cap's bricks are similar to those used in the construction of the main house, the well may date from an earlier residence on the site. ", ["2_359"]] [20360, "United Nations Security Council resolution 1638 , adopted unanimously on 11 November 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Liberia , Sierra Leone and West Africa, the Council included the apprehension, detention and transfer to the Special Court for Sierra Leone of former Liberian President Charles Taylor in the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). Russian ambassador Andrey Denisov said the resolution would send a \"strong signal\" to Charles Taylor that he was to be arrested and stand trial. The council began by expressing appreciation to Nigeria and its president, Olusegun Obasanjo , for efforts to restore peace and stability in Liberia and West Africa. It acknowledged that the country had acted with international backing when it gave refuge to Charles Taylor temporarily. At the same time, the council determined that Taylor's return to Liberia would threaten the stability of the country and that he remained under the indictment of the special court. Nigeria had refused to hand over Charles Taylor as it would contravene the terms of the deal under which he stepped down. The resolution, enacted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter , allowed for UNMIL to apprehend and detain Charles Taylor in the event he returned to Liberia, and to facilitate his transfer to the special court for Sierra Leone. ", ["2_360"]] [20361, "Lake Stamford , a reservoir formed by Stamford Dam, is located 10 miles (16\u00a0km) northeast of Stamford, Texas , in southeastern Haskell County . The lake had a storage capacity in 1999 of 51,573 acre-feet (63,614,000\u00a0m 3 ) and drains an area of 368 square miles (950\u00a0km 2 ). Due to sedimentation, the estimated capacity as of 2013 is 50,061\u00a0acre\u22c5ft (61,749,000\u00a0m 3 ). The City of Stamford owns the lake and half the water rights to Lake Stamford, while American Electric Power (AEP) owns the other half. The city also owns, operates, and maintains associated Stamford Dam. Lake Stamford serves as the municipal water source for Stamford and the small neighboring communities of Lueders , Ericksdahl, Paint Creek , Sagerton , Avoca , and Corinth . For the lake's 60-year history, water levels have retained significant importance to these communities, providing them their sole source of water. Several notable rain events occurred in 1978 and 2005, resulting in record water levels. Recreational activities include boating , fishing , waterskiing , jet-skiing , and camping . Two marinas are on the lake: Stamford Marina on the south shore, and Anchor Marina on the north.Except for a period from 1919 to 1941, droughts, fairly common in the area, occurred in 1885\u201387, 1896, 1910, 1918, 1943, and 1952\u201356. People and animals relied primarily on natural springs. These springs and spring-fed lakes supported a wide variety of animals. Buffalo, turkey, and ducks were abundant, particularly before 1875 when the buffalo slaughter began in Haskell County. The mouth of Mule Creek is located about 0.25\u00a0mi (0.40\u00a0km) west of the FM 600 bridge as it crosses the lake on the north side. At the mouth of Mule Creek was located the Blue Hole Springs. Area residents obtained water from these springs, and in the 1880s, M O Ranch had cattle pens there. As the water table fell due to irrigation pumping, an alternative was necessary. When the lake is nearing capacity, this area of former springs is under Lake Stamford. When the City of Stamford was formed in 1900, two small reservoirs were built close to the city. Another was built in 1905, and a fourth was built in 1910, 5 miles west of the city. These small reservoirs grew insufficient for the growing town, and in 1919, the Clear Fork Brazos River was dammed just southeast of Lueders to form Lake Penick. This lake was originally 7\u00a0mi (11\u00a0km) long and held 3,096\u00a0acre\u22c5ft (0.0038\u00a0km 3 ), and initially proved an adequate supply for the city, but by 1927, the capacity of Lake Penick had dropped by a third to 2,126\u00a0acre\u22c5ft (0.0026\u00a0km 3 ) caused by sedimentation from severe erosion upstream. By 1949, the city's water supply had become a significant concern for mayor A.C. Humphrey. Prospective area locations were surveyed, and all were rejected except for a site on Paint Creek. Construction for Lake Stamford and Stamford Dam started July 14, 1951, and was completed in March 1953. Deliberate impoundment began in June 1953. Stamford Dam impounds Paint Creek , but numerous other creeks flow into the lake. Horse, Buffalo, and Mule Creeks all flow directly into the lake and are part of the watershed . The design engineer for the project was Freese and Nichols and the general contractor was L. & S. Contractor. The dam is an earthfill embankment 3,600 feet (1,100\u00a0m) long with a maximum height of 78 feet (24\u00a0m). The estimated cost of the dam was $289,365.00. The top of Stamford Dam is at an elevation of 1,434.0 feet (437.1\u00a0m) and is 15.2 feet (4.6\u00a0m) above the spillway . The service spillway is 900 feet (270\u00a0m) north of the dam, where the uncontrolled spillway crest is 100 feet (30\u00a0m) in length at an elevation of 1,416.8 feet (431.8\u00a0m). Lake Stamford is considered \"full\" (maximum desired capacity) when the lake's water level is 1,416.8 feet (431.8\u00a0m) above mean sea level .At the height of the drought in 2000, a water diversion project on California Creek was built to divert future rainfall from the creek to Lake Stamford, in an effort to supplement the lake's primary inflow of Paint Creek. The project consisted of a channel dam, pump station, and pipeline, and cost an estimated $6.3 million. California Creek runs from west of Hamlin to north of Corinth and Avoca , and then turns northeast and runs parallel to Lake Stamford at a distance around 2.5\u00a0mi (4.0\u00a0km). California Creek does not flow directly into Lake Stamford, but meets with Paint Creek one mile downstream (east) of Stamford Dam. The drainage area for California Creek is 478\u00a0sq\u00a0mi (1,240\u00a0km 2 ), which supplements Lake Stamford's watershed of 368\u00a0sq\u00a0mi (950\u00a0km 2 ). Water is only diverted at sporadic intervals when there is sufficient flow in California Creek.Water levels in Lake Stamford fluctuate significantly, primarily due to extended periods of drought. These droughts steadily reduce the lake level throughout the year, and have ultimately resulted in two occasions when the lake was less than 20% full. The first drought event occurred in the late 1990s until November 2000. The second prolonged drought began July 2013 and ended June 2015. These droughts are usually only resolved after a substantially prolonged period of heavy rains. The lake commonly reaches full capacity with the help of a tropical system moving up from the Gulf of Mexico , as occurred in August 1978 with Tropical Storm Amelia and in August 2007 with Tropical Storm Erin . The amount of water is a key concern for area residents, for whom the lake is their sole source of water.Since impoundment in June 1953 and initial filling, the lowest water level ever in Lake Stamford occurred on April 13, 2015. The lake was 17.42 feet (5.31\u00a0m) below conservation pool elevation, held 5,013 acre-feet (6,183,000\u00a0m 3 ) of water, and was 9.7% full.Two prior periods of drought produced what were, at the time, record lows. The second-lowest water level occurred on four days in October 2000. On October 20, 2000, the lake was 15.8 feet (4.8\u00a0m) below conservation pool elevation, held 6,760 acre-feet (8,340,000\u00a0m 3 ) of water, and was 13.1% full. The third-lowest lake level occurred on August 3, 1978, when the lake was 27.7% full. Two days after recording its third-lowest level, the lake surged to its second-highest level ever. On August 5, 1978, the water in Lake Stamford was 5.38 feet (1.64\u00a0m) above the spillway. This represents an increase over 15.2 feet (4.6\u00a0m) in less than 48 hours, the lake's fastest-ever change in elevation. In fact, the rise was so fast. it took some three hours for the lake to simply fill to capacity by increasing almost 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m). This was due to remnants of Tropical Storm Amelia . Though Amelia was weak and poorly organized, as it dissipated over Texas, it cause severe flooding.On August 4, 1978, Stamford received its daily all-time record rainfall of 8.22 inches (209\u00a0mm). That same day, 29.05 inches (738\u00a0mm) fell on nearby Albany , the record daily rainfall for the entire state of Texas. Also, the nearby California Creek had a peak discharge of 40,000 cubic feet (1,100\u00a0m 3 ) per second and a flood stage height of 31.0 feet (9.4\u00a0m), the highest since at least 1897. President Carter declared Haskell county, among counties in Texas, a disaster area. The lake receded down to the spillway by August 19, 1978.Since the drought in 2000, the lake has reached (and exceeded) capacity on three occasions. The first event happened very rapidly when, between August 13 and 16, 2005, the lake rose 13.53 feet (4.12\u00a0m). During the month of August 2005, the City of Stamford received 10.64 inches (270\u00a0mm) of rain. Most of the rain was concentrated during the aforementioned four days, with the city receiving 4.52 inches (115\u00a0mm) on August 14, 2005, alone. On August 17, 2005, these rains put the lake overcapacity by 9.38 feet (2.86\u00a0m) with the surface elevation of 1,426.18\u00a0ft (434.70\u00a0m) and resulted in the record high water level for Lake Stamford. This caused extensive flooding to more than 340 homes, resulting in a disaster area declaration by Governor Perry . Water levels dropped back below the spillway on November 28, 2005.The second event was not so much an event as a period. The preponderance of this period's rains were north and west of Stamford, near Haskell and Hamlin. Starting in late April 2007, the area received enough rain to raise the lake by about 4.4 feet (1.3\u00a0m) by the first week of June, filling the lake just shy of capacity. Then in June 2007, Stamford received 6.37 inches (162\u00a0mm) of rain and by July 3, the lake was overcapacity by about 1.6 feet (0.49\u00a0m). As the lake was dropping back down to capacity (less than 4 inches (100\u00a0mm) above the spillway), Stamford received an additional 4.85 inches (123\u00a0mm) of rain on August 18, 2007, from Tropical Storm Erin . The lake crested on August 21 to 2.35 feet (0.72\u00a0m) above capacity, and then dropped back below the spillway on November 14, 2007.Beginning the last week of January 2010, the area received two to three times its average monthly precipitation, and February had notable snowfall. This increased the lake by just under 2.5 feet (0.76\u00a0m) by mid-March.Then on April 17, 2010, Stamford received 4.65 inches (118\u00a0mm) of rain and a total of 6.38 inches (162\u00a0mm) for the month. By April 21, lake levels crested at 1.98 feet (0.60\u00a0m) above capacity, having increased by 3.49 feet (1.06\u00a0m). Additional rain events in June and September each moved the lake overcapacity again by less than 1 foot (0.30\u00a0m). Water levels eventually dropped below the spillway on December 5, 2010, the last time Lake Stamford was full until July 10, 2015. On July 12, 2011, the Stamford city council approved the sale of all \"excess water\" from Lake Stamford for use in Tenaska Energy's Trailblazer Energy Center in Nolan County, Texas. No public debate was held before the decision was made. This sale of water was fairly contentious among many area residents, who were not as confident as the city council that the lake could support such a significant new drain like a large power plant. According to the contract, the exact amount of water to be taken can be adjusted according to a redefinition of the \"safe yield\", but is currently estimated to be 773\u00a0acre\u22c5ft (953,000\u00a0m 3 ) per year. The length of the contract (effective July 18, 2011) is either 30 years (starting when the plant begins operation) or 45 years from the date of the contract, whichever is earliest. Tenaska also has at its option two 10-year contract extensions, plus three additional 10-year extensions subject to approval of Stamford (which \"shall not be unreasonably withheld\").Tenaska and its use of water is not subject to any water-conservation or drought-contingency plans enacted by Stamford. In addition to the 773\u00a0acre\u22c5ft (953,000\u00a0m 3 ), Stamford will sell Tenaska all of its effluent water of about 250,000 gallons/day (280 acre ft/year). The proposed coal-fired power plant would be located 37 miles southwest of Stamford and 47 miles southwest of Lake Stamford.On June 21, 2013, Tenaska cancelled their proposed Trailblazer coal-fired power plant. While Stamford would have provided the majority of the project's water, Tenaska was unable to find a secondary source of water.AEP (formerly West Texas Utilities) owns a gas-fired electric generating power plant located at Lake Stamford. The plant has a generating capacity of 218 MW. When operating, water is pumped directly from the lake for industrial (cooling) purposes. The plant was put into inactive status and mothballed in September 2002. AEP holds half the water rights in Lake Stamford. AEP's water supply contract with Stamford expires September 16, 2041, but can be extended by AEP for one additional 10-year term.Lake Stamford provides angling opportunities with these species:BassCatfishCrappie and others", ["2_361"]] [20363, "Tony \"Thunder\" Smith is an American drummer best known as a member of the Lou Reed backing band. He was former member of Jan Hammer Group with whom he recorded the album Jeff Beck with the Jan Hammer Group Live , and was the drummer for French music icon Serge Gainsbourg in the eighties, and many others. This article on a United States drummer is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_363"]] [20364, "Compton Acres is a tram stop on the Nottingham Express Transit (NET) network. The stop lies on the boundary between the city of Nottingham and the district of Rushcliffe . The stop is on line 2 of the NET, from Phoenix Park via the city centre to Clifton , and trams run at frequencies that vary between 4 and 8 trams per hour, depending on the day and time of day. The tram line and stop is located on the course of the former Great Central main line , which once linked London with Nottingham and Sheffield , but which closed in 1969. The stop is on reserved track and comprises a pair of side platforms flanking the tracks. It is accessed by footpath from each side of the line. Compton Acres opened on 25 August 2015, along with the rest of NET's phase two. Media related to Compton Acres tram stop at Wikimedia CommonsThis UK Tram-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article on a railway station in the East Midlands is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_364"]] [20365, "Sherwood Dam , known also as Lake Sherwood Dam , Alturas Dam , and Potrero Dam , is a 270-foot-long (82\u00a0m) concrete arch dam in the Santa Monica Mountains near Thousand Oaks , California . Completed in 1904, its construction led to the creation of the 165-acre (67\u00a0ha) Potrero Lake (since renamed Lake Sherwood ) over the following winter. It was the first reservoir of its size in the area, and remains one of the oldest standing dams in California. Construction was led by W. H. Matthiessen, a rancher who owned what is today Hidden Valley, Lake Sherwood , and Thousand Oaks . Originally called the Alturas Dam , it was built to contain the water from four main streams draining into a sixteen-mile catchment basin. Potrero Lake was formed that winter, its sudden existence attracting photographers and filmmakers alike to the newly created shores.The reservoir also directly inspired civil engineers such as William Mulholland , who began designing the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1905. The Malibou Lake Mountain Club built a similar dam nearby in 1922, forming Malibou Lake not long after. Matthiessen's son Christy allowed Douglas Fairbanks to shoot his film Robin Hood around his lake in 1921. As a result, the ranch became better known as \u201c Sherwood Forest \u201d; Potrero Lake since being known as Lake Sherwood .Much of Matthiessen's Ranch, including the dam and lake, was deeded to his son's ex-wife, Elsie Canterbury, in 1923. That same year, the area southwest of Lake Sherwood was subdivided as Lake Sherwood (community) into 2,500 plots by Elsie and her new husband. \"The idea was to offer a country club setting, lake privileges, bridle paths and the Sherwood Country Club clubhouse for the affluent people of the Roaring Twenties . \" However, construction of the private community was halted by the stock market crash of 1929 , and Elsie Canterbury was forced to sell the land west of the lake to William Randolph Hearst . Hearst appreciated the area\u2019s geographic beauty, which continued to occasionally appear in the films of the Golden Era of Hollywood . It is claimed a single scene from Warner Brothers \u2019 1938 The Adventures of Robin Hood was shot there.After Hearst's death in 1951, the lakeside began to be developed into private homes and the community of Lake Sherwood . Elsie Canterbury stubbornly fought for her legal right to the entire lake until she sold her property in anticipation of her death in 1967. The area has since become a picturesque, private community and world-famous golf course.Amidst safety concerns in 1984, Lake Sherwood was drained so that the dam could be inspected. To the disruption of nearby boaters , it was reinforced to remedy previously unseen structural safety problems.Even after its reinforcement in the 1980s, the Sherwood Dam remains susceptible to 100-year floods and high-magnitude earthquakes . ", ["2_365"]] [20367, "A cat tongue is a small biscuit (cookie) or chocolate bar available in a number of European , Asian , and South American countries. The name comes from the fact that the biscuits are long and flat, somewhat like a cat's tongue. They are known locally as ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed jaz\u00fd\u010dky (Czech), Kattentong (Dutch), kocie j\u0119zyczki (Polish), langue de chat (French), Katzenzungen (German), lingua di gatto (Italian), l\u00edngua de gato (Portuguese), macskanyelv (Hungarian), lengua or lengua de gato (Spanish), limb\u0103 de pisic\u0103 (Romanian) or lidah kucing (Indonesian).Cat's tongue cookies are sweet and crunchy. The original recipe most likely comes from 17th century France . They are produced from egg white , wheat flour , sugar , butter (sometimes) and vanilla . They are baked in the oven until cooked. Additional ingredients may include chocolate, citrus, and spices. In European cuisine they are prepared with a ganache , cream or jam filling, and sandwiched together. They are sometimes dipped in chocolate as part of their preparation. In France, the cookie is often served with sorbet or ice cream. In the Canary Islands , cat's tongue cookies are served with bienmesabe , a dessert dish. A cat's tongue mold pan may be used in their preparation, in which cookie dough is placed and then baked. In French, this pan is known as langue-de-chat . This pan is also used in the preparation of ladyfingers and \u00e9clairs . The mold is also referred to as a cat's tongue plaque. In Japan, langue de chat ( \u30e9\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u30c9\u30fb\u30b7\u30e3 , rangu do sha ) are often circular or square and are ingredients in such confections as Shiroi Koibito , Shiroi Shin'y\u014dju , and Magokoro Zutsumi .They are produced from milk chocolate , dark chocolate and white chocolate . The first Cat tongue ( Macskanyelv ) was made in Budapest by the Swiss-born Hungarian patissier Emil Gerbeaud in the late 1880s. The delicacy is still produced by Szerencsi and other companies such as Sweetness and Szamos. It is considered an authentic Hungarian sweet. Chocolate cat tongues have also been in production elsewhere since before 1900; the Austrian company K\u00fcfferle (now owned by Lindt & Spr\u00fcngli ) has been producing them since 1892. Elsewhere in Europe , companies including Sarotti , Hachez and Halloren make cat tongues. In Brazil , they are manufactured by Zermatt and Kopenhagen . In Chile they are made by Costa under the name \"Leng\u00fcitas de gato\" (little cat tongues).", ["2_367"]] [20368, "Kermac Macmaghan ( fl. 1262\u20131264) was a thirteenth-century Scottish nobleman. In 1262, he is stated to have aided William I, Earl of Ross in a particularly vicious attack in the Hebrides . The assault itself is recorded by a thirteenth-century Scandinavian saga , and was likely conducted on behalf of Alexander III, King of Scotland , who wished to incorporate Isles into the Scottish realm . The following year, H\u00e1kon H\u00e1konarson, King of Norway launched an expedition into the Isles to reassert Norwegian authority. The latter's campaign proved to be an utter failure, and after his departure and death the same year, the Scots forced the submission of the leading magnates of the Isles. In 1264, Kermac is recorded to have received compensation for services rendered. A fifteenth-century pedigree concerning Clan Matheson ( Clann Mhic Mhathain ) seems to indicate that Kermac is identical to a certain Coinneach mac Mathghamhna, ancestor of the clan . The latter may or may not be an ancestor of Clan Mackenzie ( Clann Choinnich ). In the midpoint of the thirteenth century, Alexander II, King of Scots , and his son and successor, Alexander III, King of Scots , made several attempts to incorporate the Hebrides into the Scottish realm . Forming a part of the Kingdom of the Isles , these islands were a component of the far-flung Norwegian commonwealth . The independence of the Islesmen, and the lurking threat of their nominal overlord, the formidable H\u00e1kon H\u00e1konarson, King of Norway , constituted a constant source of concern for the Scottish Crown . In 1261, Alexander III sent an embassy to Norway attempting to negotiate the purchase of the Isles from the Norwegian Crown . When mediation came to nought, Alexander III evidently orchestrated an invasion into the Isles as means to openly challenge his Norwegian counterpart's authority. Specifically, the thirteenth-century H\u00e1konar saga H\u00e1konarsonar indicates that Kermac aided William I, Earl of Ross during this action, and states that the two led a force of Scots who burnt down a town and churches on Skye . The invaders are described to have killed many men and women in their attack, and to have viciously impaled little children upon their spears. It is possible that the remarkable savagery attributed to the Scots may have been intended to terrorise the Islesmen into submission. The island itself appears to have formed part of the kingdom controlled by Magn\u00fas \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, King of Mann and the Isles . The earl's followers in this enterprise were likely drawn from his vast provincial lordship . Thus provoked, H\u00e1kon assembled an enormous fleet to reassert Norwegian sovereignty along the north and west coasts of Scotland. In July 1263, this fleet disembarked from Norway, and by mid August, H\u00e1kon reaffirmed his overlordship in Shetland and Orkney, forced the submission of Caithness, and arrived in the Hebrides. Having rendezvoused with his vassals in the region, H\u00e1kon secured several castles , oversaw raids into the surrounding mainland. Unfortunately for the Norwegian king, stormy weather drove some of his ships ashore on the Ayrshire coast. A series of inconclusive skirmishes upon the shore near Largs , together with ever-worsening weather, discouraged the Norwegians and convinced them to turn for home. After redistributing portions of the region to certain faithful supporters, H\u00e1kon led his forces from the Hebrides and reached the Northern Isles , where he fell ill and died that December. Although H\u00e1konar saga H\u00e1konarsonar declares that the Norwegian campaign was a triumph, in reality it was an utter failure. H\u00e1kon had failed to break Scottish power; and the following year, Alexander III seized the initiative, and oversaw a series of invasions into the Isles and northern Scotland. According to the thirteenth-century Gesta Annalia I , one such expedition was undertaken by Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan , William, Earl of Mar , and Alan Hostarius . Heavy fines were extracted from the northern reaches of the Scottish realm. Two hundred head of cattle were extracted from the Caithnessmen, and one hundred eighty head of cattle from the Earl of Ross himself. The severity of this latter fine could be evidence that the earl's actions during the Scoto-Norwegian conflict were deemed unacceptable by the Scottish Crown. In fact, the aforesaid Alexander Comyn and Alan are known to have extracted twenty head of cattle from William's earldom and granted this sum to Kermac as compensation for services rendered. [ note 2 ]In 1266, almost three years after H\u00e1kon's abortive campaign, terms of peace were finally agreed upon between the Scottish and Norwegian Crowns. Specifically, with the conclusion of the Treaty of Perth in July, H\u00e1kon's son and successor, Magn\u00fas H\u00e1konarson, King of Norway , formally resigned all rights to Mann and the islands on the western coast of Scotland. In so doing, the territorial dispute over Scotland's western maritime region was settled at last. Kermac appears to be identical to Coinneach mac Mathghamhna, a figure who appears in the pedigree of Clan Matheson ( Clann Mhic Mhathain ) preserved within the fifteenth-century MS 1467 . If correct, Kermac would be the clan's eponymous ancestor, and the record of 1264 would be the earliest recorded instance of the Gaelic surname borne by the clan. [ note 3 ] Another clan covered within MS 1467 is the neighbouring Clan Mackenzie ( Clann Choinnich ). Although this Mackenzie genealogy can be interpreted as evidence of a line of descent from Coinneach as well, an alternative interpretation of this source is that it is evidence that the clans share an earlier common ancestor. [ note 4 ]According to tradition that seems to refer to Coinneach, a young chieftain from Kintail \u2014a man related to the Mathesons\u2014spent time on the Continent in the service of the King of France . After having travelled to distant lands on a ship provided by the king, this chieftain is said to have returned home to Scotland a prosperous and accomplished man, and was later commissioned by Alexander II, King of Scotland to construct Eilean Donan Castle . According to the mediaeval chronicler Matthew Paris , Hugh de Ch\u00e2tillon, Count of Saint-Pol commissioned the construction of a great ship at Inverness in preparation for the Seventh Crusade . Although it is unknown whether Kermac was indeed a sea-going participant in this crusade led by Louis IX, King of France , some Scottish noblemen certainly did accompany the king on the campaign. ", ["2_368"]] [20369, "MegaBox is a large shopping centre in Hong Kong and part of the Enterprise Square Five shopping and office complex, located at 38 Wang Chiu Road, Kowloon Bay , Kowloon . With 19 stories and a floor area of 100,000\u00a0m 2 (1,100,000\u00a0sq\u00a0ft), MegaBox is the largest shopping centre in Eastern Kowloon . In addition MegaBox houses an ice rink , MegaIce, which is the largest in Hong Kong at 26 metres x 57 metres. MegaBox's UA theatre is the first commercial theatre in Hong Kong to have the IMAX film display system. It also offers a 1000-space car park.Although it is not built on top of a railway station, the mall is accessible by its free shuttle bus service , plying between the mall and MTR Kowloon Bay station with a frequent headway. Visitors using the MTR have complained of the long delay of around 15 mins from waiting for the shuttle bus to and from the mall. The mall is 15 minutes from the station on foot.MegaBox is part of a larger residential and office development, Enterprise Square Five , developed by Kerry Properties . The development has a gross area of 150,000\u00a0m 2 (1,600,000\u00a0sq\u00a0ft). It consists of two 15-storey office towers totalling 46,000\u00a0m 2 (500,000\u00a0sq\u00a0ft) and the 19-storey shopping mall Megabox.Designed by architects Jerde , MegaBox has a square and circle front facade in deep red, a propitious Chinese colour.MegaBox incorporates a concept the mall refers to as \"Totally Connected Modules\" (TCM), which is purportedly realized in three ways: the free-flow of visitor traffic, facilitated by express escalators and elevators connecting the mall's four major zones; second, through the access driveway reaching all floors; and third, the mall's connectivity with the outside environment through its L5 and Beehive Atriums, both incorporating six-storey glass curtain wall for views natural light.MegaBox has four distinctive lifestyle-theme zones catering to shoppers\u2019 personalized tastes; they are IN-Style, Better HOME, FAMILY Circus and EATertainment.The IN-Style Zone spans three floors and encompasses fashion, accessories and superstores. The major tenants are Extravaganza, Hang Seng Bank , McDonald's and Mannings .Before January 2010, there were several trendy fashion and gift stores, such as PiT, Nici, Mac Look, FX Creations, Extravaganza, Evisu, Scoops, Area 0264 and Novo Concept. However, the shops have since been replaced by a JUSCO Department Store in June 2010, which includes a supermarket and three restaurants.Showcasing house and apartment decoration shops are the three stories of the Better HOME Zone. The major tenants are Giormani Furniture, Simmons, Osim , OTO, and DG Lifestyle Store.B&Q and Spotlight opened in 2007. However, due to their products' unpopularity in Hong Kong, the shops closed in 2009 and were replaced by IKEA in June 2010.FAMILY Circus offers books, toys, sports, health and music stores as well as electronics & digital outlets.The seven floors of the EATertainment Zone follow, featuring theme restaurants, international deli, ice-skating rink and movie theatres. In November 2020, there is a new open indoor playground, The Wonderful World of Whimsy, which is the first time open in the mall, it is the third shop in Hong Kong.MegaBox provides a shuttle bus route to Telford Plaza. The route is free of charge.\nBus routes 14X, 15A, 15P, 28B, 74A, 107, 297, 606 and 641 are available for passengers to Kwun Tong, Tai Po, Aberdeen, Tin Wan, Tseung Kwan O, Chai Wan, Central, etc.Minibus routes 15, 48, 68, 106, 110, 111 are also available for passengers to Kowloon Bay, Shun Lee Estate, Choi Wan Estate and Tseung Kwan O.", ["2_369"]] [20372, "The Kanichee Mine , also less commonly known as the Ajax Mine , is an abandoned base metal and precious metal mine , located in the Temagami region of northeastern Ontario , Canada. It is near the small unincorporated community of Temagami North , accessed by the Kanichee Mine Road from Highway 11 . The Kanichee Mine zone has been explored and mined discontinuously from as early as 1910. During the 20th century, it operated and closed down at least three times, with the most recent being from 1973 to 1976. To date, the discontinuous operation of Kanichee Mine has produced 4.2 million pounds of metal. The Kanichee area is associated with an igneous intrusion that has been termed the Kanichee layered intrusive complex . This roughly oval-shaped intrusive complex is part of a volcanic belt characterized by felsic and mafic metavolcanic rocks called the Temagami Greenstone Belt . Kanichee is one of the three most notable mines in the volcanic belt, others include the Sherman Mine in Chambers and Strathy townships and the Copperfields Mine on Temagami Island in Lake Temagami .Exploration work was done in the area prior to 1920 with the construction of trenches and two shafts . Between 1933 and 1936, Cuniptau Mines Limited sank a 75\u00a0m (246\u00a0ft) shaft and installed a pilot smelter . Production amounted to 44,975.6 kilograms of copper , 29,641.6 kilograms of nickel , and relatively small amounts of gold , silver , platinum and palladium . The deposit was later investigated by Ontario Nickel Corporation Limited from 1937 to 1948 then by Trebor Mines Limited from 1948 to 1949. Kanichee Mining Incorporated worked the property from an open pit to excavate both disseminated and vein ore to a depth of nearly 35\u00a0m (115\u00a0ft) from 1973 to 1976, and no mining operations have begun since then. Remnants of this open pit includes a small lake with gravel roads adjacent to and entering the lake and steep cliffs surrounding the lake from rock blasting . The total production at Kanichee Mine is 3 million pounds of copper and 1.2 million pounds of nickel with gold, silver and platinum group credits. The main minerals found at Kanichee Mine include pyrite , pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite , occurring as semi-massive to massive veins. Considerable gold, silver, platinum and palladium occur with the sulfides. The Precambrian oval-shaped Kanichee layered intrusive complex is the largest of many sill -like mafic- ultramafic bodies in felsic and mafic metavolcanic rocks in the northern portion of the Temagami greenstone belt. It comprises five magmatic series, each of which contains one or more types of igneous rock. A succession of cumulus phases comprising every magmatic series suggests that the Kanichee layered intrusive complex is south-facing, including the surrounding metavolcanic lava flows. This record indicates that magmatic rocks of the Kanichee layered intrusive complex originally formed in a level position and most likely very shallow beneath the Earth's crust . All five magmatic series comprising the Kanichee layered intrusive complex were formed by individual pulses of molten rock. An accurate estimate of the makeup of each pulse is not known because well-defined examples of chilled margins have not been detected. Numerous pulses of magmatic intrusions, each of which might have led to a volcanic eruption, are required to explain the cyclic nature of the Kanichee layered intrusive complex. In the lower four magmatic series, masses of chromite , olivine and clinopyroxene develop rocks varying from dunite to clinopyroxenite . The fifth magmatic series comprise a similar suite of ultramafic rocks overlapped by olivine and quartz gabbros in which plagioclase , clinopyroxene and an iron \u2013 titanium oxide phase are the dominant minerals. The first magmatic series comprised the nickel-copper-PGE ore in which the Kanichee Mine extracted. The comparison in mineralogy and chemistry of the ultramafic rocks of the five magmatic series indicates that every magmatic series was developed by magma of similar composition. A lens-shaped area of quartz gabbro remains directly south of the main portion of the intrusive complex. However, it is not clear whether it has a separate magmatic origin from the olivine gabbros found in the Kanichee layered intrusive complex. The ore zone rocks from the first magmatic series clearly have connections with adjacent metavolcanic rocks of the Temagami greenstone belt. The future of the Kanichee Mine remains uncertain, as all mines in the Temagami area continue to be abandoned. The last mine to operate in the Temagami area was the iron bearing Sherman Mine until its closing in 1990 and Kanichee's discontinuous history of mining and exploring throughout the 20th century has left the area abandoned for decades. However, a geologic project is expected to be evaluated for potential sampling at new Kanichee deposits in 2009, sparking a possibility for renewed mining operations. Other samplings associated with this project include new deposits or occurrences in the Golden Chalice, McWatters and Langmuir areas. ", ["2_372"]] [20374, "Auberge de France ( Maltese : Ber\u0121a ta' Franza ) is an auberge in Birgu , Malta . It was built around 1533 (incorporating an earlier building) to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of France, which induced the entire Kingdom of France except for Auvergne and Provence which were separate langues. The building housed the French langue until a new Auberge de France was opened in Valletta . The building was subsequently sold, and remained in private hands in the subsequent centuries, at times being informally known as il-Palazz tal-Miljunarju (The Palace of the Millionaire). In the 19th and 20th centuries, the building was used for a number of purposes, including as a school, a furniture factory and a museum. It is now Birgu's city hall , being the seat of the local council .Auberge de France was built in around 1533, incorporating an earlier structure. The first alterations that converted the original building into an auberge are attributed to Nicol\u00f2 Flavari , the Order's architect who had accompanied them after the fall of Rhodes . Further alterations including redesigning the fa\u00e7ade were made later on by Bartolommeo Genga . The auberge was located within Birgu's collachio , adjacent to Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence and Auberge d'Aragon . The langue of France moved to a larger auberge in the new capital Valletta in around 1571, but it also retained the Birgu auberge until 1586. Along with the other auberges in Birgu, the building was subsequently sold to private owners. In the early 19th century, the former auberge was acquired by the rich Vella family, and it became informally known as il-Palazz tal-Miljunarju (The Palace of the Millionaire). From 1852 to 1918, the building was leased to the government as a primary school. In 1921, Auberge de France was rented to Lorenzo Zammit Naro, and it was converted into a furniture factory. Zammit Naro installed a statuette of Saint Joseph on the portal, but it was later removed. The building was included on the Antiquities List of 1925, together with the other auberges in Birgu. The building was acquired by the government in 1938, on the urging of Canon Gian Mari Farrugia and Sir Harry Luke . At this point, an inscription indicating the building's history was installed on the fa\u00e7ade. The auberge fell into disuse after World War II , before housing a carpenter's workshop between 1966 and 1978. In 1981, it was opened to the public as a political history museum after some restoration work. The museum was unsuccessful, and it closed down in 1987. The building fell into disrepair once again, and the ceiling was renovated in 1990 after sustaining rainwater damage. The auberge was retained by the Museums Department, and plans to convert it into a Museum of the Maltese Language never materialized. The building was subsequently occasionally used for cultural events. The auberge was passed to Heritage Malta in 2010, before being restored and subsequently rented to the Birgu Local Council in 2012. The seat of the local council was transferred to the auberge, which now serves as Birgu's city hall . Auberge de France is the second best-preserved Hospitaller auberge in Birgu, after Auberge d'Angleterre . The building was scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument on 22 December 2009, and it is also listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands . Auberge de France is built in the Melitan style, based on traditional Maltese architecture, and it has a similar layout as Auberge d'Angleterre . It is a two-storey building with rooms built around a central courtyard , and it has a symmetrical fa\u00e7ade with moulded windows. The ornate main doorway is topped by a wrought iron lattice bearing the fleur-de-lys , the symbol of France. The entrance hall and most parts of the building receive natural light from the backyard, and the ground floor is connected to the upper one by a covered staircase. In the middle landing of the staircase there is a carved stone lion, a common feature in palatial buildings at the time. The main hall on the top floor once served as the assembly hall of the Langue. The auberge's basement incorporates parts of an earlier building which previously stood on the site. ", ["2_374"]] [20375, "Madonna of Avenue A is a 1929 American pre-Code drama film directed by Michael Curtiz . It was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. It starred Dolores Costello in one of her first sound films. This is reportedly a lost film. Like many American films of the time, Madonna of Avenue A was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards . In Kansas the film, with a plot involving prostitution, illegitimacy, and suicide was banned by the Board of Review. This 1920s drama film\u2013related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_375"]] [20376, "NGC 4307 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 65 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo . It was discovered by astronomer Christian Peters in 1881 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster . It is also a LINER galaxy. On March 7, 2019 a supernova of an unknown type known as AT 2019bpt was discovered in NGC 4307. NGC 4307 exhibits a deficiency in neutral hydrogen gas (H I) and contains a truncated gas disk. This suggests it has undergone ram-pressure stripping . ", ["2_376"]] [20378, "Connexins ( Cx ) ( TC# 1.A.24 ), or gap junction proteins , are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form vertebrate gap junctions. An entirely different family of proteins, the innexins , forms gap junctions in invertebrates . Each gap junction is composed of two hemichannels, or connexons , which consist of homo- or heterohexameric arrays of connexins, and the connexon in one plasma membrane docks end-to-end with a connexon in the membrane of a closely opposed cell. The hemichannel is made of six connexin subunits, each of which consist of four transmembrane segments. Gap junctions are essential for many physiological processes, such as the coordinated depolarization of cardiac muscle , proper embryonic development, and the conducted response in microvasculature. Connexins also have non-channel dependant functions relating to cytoskeleton and cell migration. For these reasons, mutations in connexin-encoding genes can lead to functional and developmental abnormalities. Connexins are commonly named according to their molecular weights, e.g. Cx26 is the connexin protein of 26 kDa. A competing nomenclature is the gap junction protein system, where connexins are sorted by their \u03b1 (GJA) and \u03b2 (GJB) forms, with additional connexins grouped into the C, D and E groupings, followed by an identifying number, e.g. GJA1 corresponds to Cx43. Following a vote at the Gap Junction Conference (2007) in Elsinore the community agreed to use the GJ nomenclature system for the genes that encode connexins, but wished to retain the connexin nomenclature for the encoded proteins using the weight of the human protein for the numbering of orthologous proteins.Connexins contain four highly ordered transmembrane segments (TMSs), primarily unstructured C and N cytoplasmic termini, a cytoplasmic loop (CL) and two extra-cellular loops, (EL-1) and (EL-2). Connexins are assembled in groups of six to form hemichannels, or connexons, and two hemichannels then combine to form a gap junction.The crystal structure of the gap junction channel formed by human Cx26 (also known as GJB2) at 3.5 \u00c5 resolution is available. The density map showed the two membrane-spanning hemichannels and the arrangement of the four TMSs of the six protomers forming each hemichannel. The hemichannels feature a positively charged cytoplasmic entrance, a funnel, a negatively charged transmembrane pathway, and an extracellular cavity. The pore is narrowed at the funnel, which is formed by the six amino-terminal helices lining the wall of the channel, which thus determines the molecular size restriction at the channel entrance.The connexin gene family is diverse, with twenty-one identified members in the sequenced human genome, and twenty in the mouse (nineteen of which are orthologous pairs). They usually weigh between 25 and 60 kDa, and have an average length of 380 amino acids. The various connexins have been observed to combine into both homomeric and heteromeric gap junctions, each of which may exhibit different functional properties including pore conductance, size selectivity, charge selectivity, voltage gating, and chemical gating. A remarkable aspect of connexins is that they have a relatively short half life of only a few hours. The result is the presence of a dynamic cycle by which connexins are synthesized and replaced. It has been suggested that this short life span allows for more finely regulated physiological processes to take place, such as in the myometrium .As they are being translated by ribosomes, connexins are inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is in the ER that connexins are properly folded, yielding two extracellular loops, EL-1 and EL-2. It is also in the ER that the oligomerization of connexin molecules into hemichannels begins, a process which may continue in the UR-Golgi intermediate compartment as well. The arrangements of these hemichannels can be homotypic, heterotypic, and combined heterotypic/heteromeric. After exiting the ER and passing through the ERGIC , the folded connexins will usually enter the cis -Golgi network. However, some connexins, such as Cx26 may be transported independent of the Golgi. After being inserted into the plasma membrane of the cell, the hemichannels freely diffuse within the lipid bilayer. Through the aid of specific proteins, mainly cadherins , the hemichannels are able to dock with hemichannels of adjacent cells forming gap junctions. Recent studies have shown the existence of communication between adherens junctions and gap junctions, suggesting a higher level of coordination than previously thought.Connexin gap junctions are found only in vertebrates , while a functionally analogous (but genetically unrelated) group of proteins, the innexins , are responsible for gap junctions in invertebrate species. Innexin orthologs have also been identified in Chordates , but they are no longer capable of forming gap junctions. Instead, the channels formed by these proteins (called pannexins ) act as very large transmembrane pores that connect the intra- and extracellular compartments.Within the CNS , gap junctions provide electrical coupling between progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells. By using specific connexin knockout mice , studies revealed that cell coupling is essential for visual signaling. In the retina , ambient light levels influence cell coupling provided by gap junction channels, adapting the visual function for various lighting conditions. Cell coupling is governed by several mechanisms, including connexin expression. Decrock et al. . have discussed a multilevel platform via which connexins and pannexins can influence the following cellular functions within a tissue: (1) connexin gap junctional channels (GJCs) enable direct cell-cell communication of small molecules, (2) connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels can contribute to autocrine / paracrine signaling pathways, and (3) different structural domains of these proteins allow for channel-independent functions, such as cell-cell adhesion , interactions with the cytoskeleton , and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, connexins and pannexins have multifaceted contributions to brain development and specific processes in the neuro-glio-vascular unit, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, glial signaling, vasomotor control, cell movement, and blood-brain barrier integrity in the mature CNS. Different connexins may exhibit differing specificities for solutes. For example, adenosine passed about 12-fold better through channels formed by Cx32 while AMP and ADP passed about 8-fold better, and ATP greater than 300-fold better, through channels formed by Cx43. Thus, addition of phosphate to adenosine appears to shift its relative permeability from channels formed by Cx32 to channels formed by Cx43. This may have functional consequence because the energy status of a cell could be controlled via connexin expression and channel formation. The transport reaction catalyzed by connexin gap junctions is:Gap junctions are essential for many physiological processes, such as the coordinated depolarization of cardiac muscle , proper embryonic development, and the conducted response in microvasculature. For this reason, deletion or mutation of the various connexin isoforms produces distinctive phenotypes and pathologies. While mutations in Cx43 are mostly linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia, Cx47 mutations are associated with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher -like disease and lymphedema. Cx40 mutations are principally linked to atrial fibrillation. Mutations in Cx37 have not yet been described, but polymorphisms in the Cx37 gene have been implicated in the development of arterial disease. ", ["2_378"]] [20379, "Air Service, United States Army Lieutenant Orville Alfred Ralston (September 9, 1894 \u2013 December 30, 1942) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. He returned to service for World War II , only to die in a B-17 crash. Ralston joined the United States Army Air Service after attending Peru State College , only to be attached to the Royal Air Force for seasoning in combat. He flew a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a in \"Mick\" Mannock 's flight of 85 Squadron, and gained his first two victories there, destroying a Fokker D.VII each on July 24 and August 22, 1918. He then returned to American aviation, becoming a Sopwith Camel pilot with the 148th Aero Squadron. He teamed with fellow ace Elliott White Springs and two other pilots for his next win, and then independently destroyed two more D.VIIs\u2014one each on September 26 and October 3, 1918. Ralston was finally awarded a Distinguished Service Cross in 1921. Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Orville Alfred Ralston, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action over Bourlon Wood, September 26, 1918. Having engine trouble, Lieutenant Ralston signaled his flight commander, left his formation, and started for the lines. Shortly afterwards his engine picked up and he decided to rejoin his formation. He found three of them engaged with seven Fokker biplanes over Bourlon Wood. Seeing that one of our machines was hard pressed and in distress, Lieutenant Ralston instantly went to its assistance and drove one Fokker down into the clouds below. He followed directly behind the enemy machine and, as they came out of the clouds at a height of 3,000 feet, opened fire again on this Fokker at 15 yards range. The enemy machine made one complete spiral and crashed northeast of Bourion Wood. Four more Fokkers now attacked Lieutenant Ralston, but he managed to get back in the clouds and return safely to our lines, as did the rest of his flight. General Orders No. 38, W.D., 1921 ", ["2_379"]] [20380, "Francis Folger Franklin (October 20, 1732 \u2013 November 21, 1736) [ a ] was the son of Founding Father of the United States Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read . In 1736, four-year-old Francis contracted the smallpox virus and died shortly thereafter.Benjamin Franklin, who had been inoculated earlier in his own life, had intended for his son to be inoculated as well. However, due to an illness affecting Francis at the time planned for his inoculation, the procedure was postponed.His death devastated both his parents, who doted upon Francis, and after this incident, Franklin became \"the most eloquent advocate of smallpox inoculation.\" Francis Folger Franklin was born on October 20, 1732, [ b ] in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania (then a colony in British America ). He was the oldest marital child of Benjamin Franklin , then the publisher of the Pennsylvania Gazette , and Deborah Read . Franklin also had an extramarital son, William (born c. 1730\u201331 ), whose mother may have been a maid in the household, perhaps a woman named Barbara, or even Deborah Read herself. It has been suggested that William was Franklin's son by Deborah but was acknowledged as extramarital because he was conceived before his parents\u2019 marriage. Some accounts argue that William's birth was legalized sometime after Francis' death, possibly because of the lack of an heir. The baby's middle name, Folger, was the maiden name of Franklin's mother, Abiah. Franklin was proud of his maternal family (one of the first settlers of New England ), and thus, in an era when it was unusual for ordinary people to receive a middle name, Francis was baptized as Francis Folger. Francis' baptism took place on September 16, 1733, while Franklin was away, at the Anglican Christ Church in Philadelphia, which Deborah attended. Francis, affectionately called \"Franky\" by his parents, was described as a \"precocious, curious and special\" child by Franklin, \"a golden child, his smiles brighter, his babblings more telling and his tricks more magical than all the other infants in the colonies combined\" by historian of medicine Howard Markel and as \"a most engaging child, of singular beauty and wonderful knowingness\" by biographer James Parton . Given that Franklin considered Francis to be a \"healthy child who thrived from the start,\" and \"very clever,\" he advertised for a tutor for his two sons in December 1734. By all accounts, Francis was doted on by his parents; his portrait was painted while he was still a baby. By 1734, Franklin's business as a writer, publisher and founder of the Library Company of Philadelphia was going well enough that he was able to build a house for his family of four, at 318 Market Street. [ c ]Franklin and his brother, James , criticized smallpox inoculation , which was performed by drawing a string, previously in contact with the pustules of a smallpox victim, through a small incision on the person being inoculated. At the time, inoculation offered a mortality chance of 2%, while smallpox contracted naturally was fatal to 15% of the infected. Later, while James still opposed inoculation, Franklin came to support it, believing it was a \"safe and beneficial practice.\" In 1736, however, Francis contracted smallpox and died on November 21 of that year, without having been inoculated. Both Franklin and Deborah were devastated, and their devastation was compounded because they were unsure they could have another child. Franklin had written his paper \"On the Death of Infants\" while Francis was still alive and was inspired by his youngest son when writing about the beauty of babies. Francis was buried on the same day he died, his tombstone reading \"The delight of all who knew him.\" Rumors quickly surfaced that Francis had died after being inoculated, so Franklin wrote in the Pennsylvania Gazette , on December 30, that \"[he] intended to get [Francis] inoculated as soon as he should have recovered sufficient strength from a flux with which he had been long afflicted,\" and that the boy \"received the distemper in the common way of infection.\" However, the choice of having his son inoculated was a difficult one for Franklin, as Francis could die either way. Inoculation would become a real choice only if there was a high chance of smallpox being contracted naturally. In this case, the choice of having Francis inoculated was justified, even with its 2% mortality rate. After Francis' death, Franklin became involved in promoting inoculation in Philadelphia: he published many studies on its value, working with several physicians, including the famed William Heberden at the Pennsylvania Hospital , which he helped found. In 1774, he founded the \"Society for Inoculating the Poor Gratis\", in order to help the poor people of Philadelphia afford inoculation. In his autobiography, Franklin writes:\"In 1736 I lost one of my sons, a fine boy of four years old, by the smallpox taken in the common way. I long regretted bitterly and still regret that I had not given it to him by inoculation. This I mention for the sake of the parents who omit that operation, on the supposition that they should never forgive themselves if a child died under it; my example showing that the regret may be the same either way, and that, therefore, the safer should be chosen.\" Seven years after Francis' death, Deborah gave birth to Sarah , who was Franklin's only surviving, marital child. In 1772, Franklin's sister Jane Franklin Mecom wrote him with news of his grandsons. Franklin replied that it \"brings often afresh to my mind the idea of my son Franky, though now dead thirty-six years, whom I have seldom since seemed equaled in everything, and whom to this day I cannot think of without a sigh.\" ", ["2_380"]] [20381, "Lafayette Place Historic District is a national historic district located at Fort Wayne, Indiana . The district encompasses 582 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 1 contributing structure, and 1 contributing object in a predominantly residential section of Fort Wayne. The area was developed from about 1915 to 1963, and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival , Tudor Revival , and Bungalow / American Craftsman style residential architecture. The neighborhood was platted and designed by noted landscape architect Arthur Asahel Shurcliff . :\u200a3\u20137 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. This article about a property in Allen County, Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Allen County, Indiana location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_381"]] [20382, "Kalvskinnet is a neighborhood in the city of Trondheim in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway . It is situated southwest of the city centre in the borough of Midtbyen , bordering the river Nidelva in the south. The area is dominated by public offices, including such institutions as the Norwegian University of Science and Technology , S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag University College , and Trondheim Science Museum . There is also some quite expensive housing located in this area, characterized by buildings from the last century. The present name first occurs in 1556. In Sverris saga , the location was called akeren . In 1179, Kalvskinnet was the site of the Battle of Kalvskinnet ( Slaget p\u00e5 Kalvskinnet ) between King Sverre Sigurdsson and Erling Skakke . This Tr\u00f8ndelag location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_382"]] [20384, "\u00d8lmheim Church ( Norwegian : \u00d8lmheim kyrkje ) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sogndal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway . It is located in the village of Nornes , on the northern shore of the Sogndalsfjorden . It is the church for the Norum parish which is part of the Sogn prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Bj\u00f8rgvin . The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1863 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Henrik Grosch . The church seats about 230 people. The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1308, but the church was not new that year. The first church here was a wooden stave church that was likely built in the 13th century on a site about 20 metres (66\u00a0ft) east of the present church site. Sometime before 1686, the old choir was torn down and a new timber-framed choir was built to replace it. The old church was in use until 1700 or 1701 when it burned down. A new cruciform church was built in 1703 to replace it. The new church was built by Askild Tepstad. Over time, the new church was too small for the congregation, so in 1863 a new church was constructed about 20 metres (66\u00a0ft) to the west of the old church. The new building was designed by Christian Henrik Grosch and the lead builder was Ole Olson L\u00f8ken. After the new building was completed, the old church was torn down. On 15 January 1989, lightning struck the tower and it started burning. The fire department was alerted and arrived quickly enough that they had extinguished the fire before the whole church was destroyed. The tower was rebuilt in the autumn of the same year, and it looks the same as before. Historically, the church had been called Ylmheim Church (or \u00d8lmheim Church), after the name of the nearby farm. However, starting around the year 1840, the church and the parish were named Norum. In 2015, the church was renamed using the historic \u00d8lmheim name, but the parish name remained as Norum . ", ["2_384"]] [20385, "South Africa operates three Lillian Ngoyi -class environmental patrol vessels ,\nbased on the Damen Stan 4708 design . The vessels are named Lillian Ngoyi , Ruth First and Victoria Mxenge . The vessels were constructed in South Africa by Farocean Marine . The United States Coast Guard later decided to acquire up to 58 Sentinel-class 154\u00a0ft (47\u00a0m) fast response cutters (FRC), also based on the Damen Stan patrol vessel 4708 design, citing the success of the South African vessels. ", ["2_385"]] [20386, "USS R-15 (SS-92) was an R -class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . R-15 \u2032s keel was laid down by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco, California , on 30 April 1917. She was launched on 12 October 1917, sponsored by Mrs. Thales S. Boyd, and commissioned on 27 July 1918.Following shakedown, R-15 conducted operations in waters adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone . Based at Balboa through December 1918, she returned to California in January 1919; operated between San Pedro, California , and San Diego, California , until March; then proceeded to Mare Island Naval Shipyard for overhaul prior to her transfer to Pearl Harbor 's Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor . Arriving there on 25 June, R-15 was given hull classification symbol SS-92 in July 1920. She remained in Hawaiian waters, participating in the development of submarine warfare tactics until 12 December 1930, when she got underway for the East Coast and inactivation.Decommissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , on 7 May 1931, R-15 remained in the Reserve Fleet until ordered to New London, Connecticut , for activation in the summer of 1940.Arriving in the Thames River on 9 September, she recommissioned 1 April, and in June sailed south for duty in the Canal Zone. For the next three months she operated with SubRon\u00a03. On 3 October she got underway for New London, arriving on 23 October and reporting for duty in SubRon\u00a07.Patrol duties off the coast followed the entry of the United States into World War II . In February 1942 she again sailed south. In early March she patrolled in the Virgin Islands area then shifted to training and patrol duties out of Trinidad . Relieved in early August, R-15 returned to the Virgin Islands thence continued on to Bermuda and with the fall, back to New London.In December, R-15 returned to the Caribbean Sea and operated out of Guantanamo Bay . Further training duties in waters adjacent to the Virgin Islands and off Bermuda followed, and in April 1944 she returned to New London. Following ten months of operating out of New London, R-15 returned to the Bermuda area on 14 December. For the remainder of the war she operated off the Florida coast and from 1 March to 17 June 1945, from Guantanamo Bay. On 2 September she put into Key West, Florida , to complete her last tour.R-15 was decommissioned 17 September 1945, struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 October 1945, and sold the same month to Macey O. Scott of Miami, Florida .", ["2_386"]] [20387, "The Regent Theatre is a theatre in Dunedin , New Zealand, with a seating capacity of about 1,650. It is in The Octagon , the city's central plaza, directly opposite the Municipal Chambers ( Dunedin Town Hall ) and close to the Dunedin Public Art Gallery . Originally a 2,000 seat cinema the Regent opened on 1 June 1928, and the interior is elaborately decorated in a revived baroque style, characteristic of the super cinemas of the time. The design is a variation of Robert Atkinson 's for the 1921 Regent cinema in Brighton, England, which was demolished in 1974. There were comparable picture palaces in other cities in Britain and Australia, few of which now survive and, apart from the Dunedin building, none in their original form. (There was one in Brisbane which survived until recently, Regent Theatre (Brisbane) , another in Sydney, Regent Theatre (Sydney) demolished in 1988, and a still existing but re-modelled structure in Melbourne, Regent Melbourne .) All these designs are descended from Charles Garnier's for the Paris Opera , ( palais Garnier ) completed in 1875. The Regent's auditorium succeeds in replaying the exuberance of the original in a very different time and space.The Dunedin building's supervising architect was James Hodge White (1896\u20131970), one of the founders of the Dunedin architectural firm Miller White & Dunn. It was sited behind a building on the Octagon designed by David Ross (1828\u20131908) which was first opened in 1876. The Octagon building was given an additional storey in 1880 and remodelled at the ground floor in 1928 to provide the present theatre entrance.Purchased by the Otago Theatre Trust in 1973, the building has since been adapted to work as a live venue, although it still also functions as a cinema during film festivals every year. It is now owned by the Dunedin City Council.At the end of 2010, the theatre began $7.5 million refurbishments including upgrading the flying system, replacing the chairs, carpet and other work. It was re-opened on 30 July 2011 with a 'thank you' concert for sponsors. As it is run by a charitable trust, the theatre relies on the support of the local community for its continued existence.A major part of this support is the Regent 24-hour Book Sale , the largest sale of second-hand books in New Zealand, and reputedly the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Every year since 1979, books donated by the general public have been sold by volunteers to raise money for the theatre. Over 200,000 books are on sale each year, most of them priced at NZ$ 1 each (although a smaller number of specialist books are on sale at a higher price). The price of an ordinary book was 50c until 2008, when it was doubled. Buyers come from throughout New Zealand for the sale, which has become a major event on Dunedin's calendar, and raises around $100,000 annually. The sale was held at the theatre each year, usually in May, until 2022 (excluding a two-year hiatus made necessary by the Covid-19 pandemic ) over a single session lasting 24 hours. Goods donated other than books and magazines (such as DVD and CDs) were sold in a separate sale earlier in the year. In 2023 the sale was moved to the Edgar Centre in South Dunedin . With the larger space of the indoor stadium available, all donated goods are sold in the same sale which \u2014 though still called the Regent 24-hour Book Sale \u2014 now takes place over two 12-hour sessions across one weekend in March. The 2024 book sale raised a record $NZ 114,885.70. The theatre has some associated ghost folklore , with patrons claiming a feeling of someone or something kicking the underside of seats, taps being turned on, and clocks stopping. The theatre is built on the site of buildings destroyed in the Octagon fire of 1879 . ", ["2_387"]] [20389, "Carla Dupuy (born 18 September 1988) is an Argentine field hockey player. At the 2009 Champions Trophy she competed for Argentina winning the gold medal in her first senior international tournament. She was chosen as an alternate player (P accreditation) for the 2012 Summer Olympics . After a brief participation with the national team in 2013, she returned in late 2015 and won the 2014\u20132015 World League . This biographical article relating to an Argentine field hockey figure is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_389"]] [20390, "Baldwin Hall , also known as the Cross Roads Church , was built as the Severn Crossroads Methodist Episcopal Church and is currently a historic church at Millersville , Anne Arundel County, Maryland . It is a one-story gable-front frame structure in the Italianate and Carpenter Gothic -styles built in 1861. It was moved about 1930 and again in 1981. An addition, constructed about 1933, duplicates the exterior detailing of the original part. It is currently operated by the Severn Cross Roads Foundation, Inc., as a wedding and banquet facility known as Historic Baldwin Hall . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. This article about a Registered Historic Place in Anne Arundel County , Maryland is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a church or other Christian place of worship in Maryland is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_390"]] [20396, "Allactite is a rare arsenate mineral of metamorphosed manganese zinc ore deposits. It is found in Sweden and New Jersey, US. Its name originated from Greek \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd (allaktein) meaning \"to change\", referring to the strong pleochroism of the mineral. This article about a specific oxide mineral is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_396"]] [20400, "Carl G. Bachmann (May 14, 1890 \u2013 January 22, 1980) was an American lawyer and politician who served four terms as a United States Congressman from Wheeling, West Virginia from 1925 to 1933. Bachmann was born in Wheeling as the son of Charles F. and Sophia Bachmann; three of his grandparents were German immigrants. In 1908 he graduated from Linsly Institute . He went to college first at Washington and Jefferson College for two years, and later graduated from West Virginia University , where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity. He later graduated from law school at West Virginia University in 1915.On July 14, 1914, he married Susan Louise Smith. They had three children: Charles F., Gilbert S. and Susan Jane.In 1915, Bachmann began to practice law in Wheeling, and in 1917 he was appointed assistant prosecuting attorney for Ohio County . In 1920 he was elected prosecuting attorney, serving from January 1921 to December 1924.In November 1924 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Republican , to serve in the First Congressional District of West Virginia. From 1931 to 1933 Bachmann was the Minority Whip .He served as a Congressman until he was defeated in 1932.He was later elected Mayor of Wheeling in 1947 and served until 1951.He died in Wheeling and is buried in Greenwood Cemetery .This article about a West Virginia politician is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_400"]] [20402, "Ren\u00e9e Witterstaetter , sometimes credited as Eva Renee Witterstaetter , is an American comic book colorist, editor, producer, and writer. She has worked on comics such as the Avengers , Spider-Man , She-Hulk , and Superman . She is best known for her work as an editor with John Byrne on the Marvel Comics series The Sensational She-Hulk . Witterstaetter was also featured as a fourth wall breaking character in the same series. Witterstaetter started her career as an assistant editor at DC Comics working on the Superman comics. She later worked at Marvel Comics on Silver Surfer and Conan. While at Marvel she was a colorist on many series including the Avengers, Spider-Man, and Captain America. As a colorist her influences include Maxfield Parrish . As an editor Witterstaetter's work includes:As an author:This profile of an American comics creator, writer, or artist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_402"]] [20403, "The Jupiter Inlet Light is located in Jupiter, Florida , on the north side of the Jupiter Inlet . The site for the lighthouse was chosen in 1853. It is located between Cape Canaveral Light and Hillsboro Inlet Light . The lighthouse was designed by then Lieutenant George G. Meade of the Bureau of Topographical Engineers. Meade's design was subsequently modified by Lieutenant William Raynolds . The Jupiter Inlet silted shut in 1854, forcing all building supplies to be shipped in light boats down the Indian River . Work was interrupted from 1856 to 1858 by the Third Seminole War . The lighthouse was completed under the supervision of Captain Edward A. Yorke in 1860 at a cost of more than $60,000. The lighthouse was built on a hill once thought to be an Indian shell mound or midden (and sometimes falsely rumored to be a burial mound ), but which is now determined to be a natural parabolic sand dune . The top of the 105-foot (32\u00a0m) tower is 153 feet (47\u00a0m) above sea level . The light can be seen 24 nautical miles (44\u00a0km; 28\u00a0mi) at sea. The lighthouse structure is brick with double masonry walls. The outer wall is conical, tapering from 31.5 inches (800\u00a0mm) (eight bricks thick) at ground level to 18 inches (460\u00a0mm) (three bricks thick) at base of lantern. The inner wall is cylindrical and two bricks thick throughout. Circumference at base is about 65 feet (20\u00a0m) and at the top about 43 feet (13\u00a0m). The lighthouse was painted red in 1910 to cover discoloration caused by humidity. Hurricane Jeanne in 2004 sandblasted the paint from the upper portion of the tower, and the tower was repainted using a potassium silicate mineral coating.The point of land which sits at the junction of the Indian River and Jupiter Inlet for thousands of years had been a meeting place for ancient Indian tribes. This strategic site did not go unnoticed by U.S. Army surveyors who in 1849 recommended the Jupiter Inlet area as a suitable place for military defenses. President Franklin Pierce signed the order to set aside a 61\u00bd-acre site on the Fort Jupiter Reservation for a lighthouse in 1854. The lighthouse was initially designed by Lieutenant George Gordon Meade . Later, Lt. William Raynolds , who succeeded Meade as head of the 4th and 7th Lighthouse Districts , improved the strength of the lighthouse with a double wall design. The lighthouse and oil house construction was accomplished by Captain Edward Yorke, who arrived December 31, 1859 and completed the tower in May 1860. It was lit July 10, 1860. A Weather Bureau station and signal station were established on the lighthouse grounds in 1889. Passing ships were signaled during the day by semaphore (flags) and at night by flares . In 1890 the Naval wireless telegraph station was established on the Reservation. It was not until 1925 that it was discovered that a mistake had been made on the original survey; the Lighthouse Reservation actually covered 113.22 acres. \nIn 1930 the acreage was increased to 121.95 and held the tower, a keeper's house, a radio beacon, power house and several outbuildings. In 1917 the lighthouse was transfer from the Department of Commerce to the Navy for the duration of the first world war. The U.S. Navy acquired 8.4 acres of the Reservation from the US Government and by 1936 the Navy was operating a Radio Compass Station at Jupiter as an aid to navigation. The station broadcast weather information and monitored distress signals as well as naval ship-to-shore and aircraft frequencies. \nOn July 1, 1939 all US lighthouses became the responsibility of the U.S. Coast Guard . In the same year, the US Navy established an Intelligence Listening Post at the Naval Radio Station and constructed the barracks building for naval personnel and their families. By July 1940, the Navy's Radio Detection Finding Station, known as \"Station J\", came online. This secret installation was designed to intercept German U-boat radio messages and warn Allied ships and help US forces attack enemy vessels. Station J was able to pinpoint the names and locations of the submarines. In May 1943, 30 German submarines were destroyed, and in June another 37. Most had been located by the men of Station J. On January 11, 1972, the Loxahatchee River Historical Society (LRHS) was founded to preserve the area's history and it opened the Oil House Museum in June 1973. Public tours were conducted periodically by permission of the U.S. Coast Guard . On November 15, of the same year, the Lighthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places . By 1988, the Society had opened the Florida History Center and Museum in Burt Reynolds Park just across the inlet.The LRHS entered into an agreement with the Coast Guard to maintain and insure the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse and to conduct regular public tours to the top of the lighthouse for the first time in 1994. The LRHS operated a small visitor center in the east end of the last remaining building of Station J, once used as living quarters for the military.The LRHS, with a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation and in cooperation with the Town of Jupiter and the U.S. Coast Guard, started a major restoration project in 1999 to repair weather damage to the tower. It was completed in April 2000.In 2006, in an agreement between the LRHS, Palm Beach County , and Town of Jupiter, the old World War II building in Lighthouse Park was renovated to become the new home of the Loxahatchee River Historical Society. On December 7, 2006, the history museum and society headquarters moved from Burt Reynolds Park to Lighthouse Park to become the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse and Museum. The LRHS also entered into a 30-year lease agreement with the U.S. Coast Guard to maintain and operate a larger portion of the land between the tower and the western fence line of the US Coast Guard property in order to set up outdoor history exhibits. Operations for the lighthouse and history museum are now in one location. The Loxahatchee River Historical Society today operates the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse and Museum. The museum is located in Lighthouse Park, 500 Captain Armour's Way, Jupiter, Florida . Check the official website for current hours of operation. Visitors can climb the lighthouse tower and visit the History Museum by registering for admission through the gift shop .The Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area (JILONA) Act was introduced into the Senate by Senator Bill Nelson and co-sponsored by Senator Mel Martinez . It was introduced into the United States House of Representatives by Congressman Tim Mahoney and co-sponsored by Congressmen Ron Klein and Alcee Hastings . This legislation designates the lighthouse and 120 surrounding acres of sensitive habitat as an Outstanding Natural Area (ONA) in the Department of the Interior , Bureau of Land Management 's (BLM) National Landscape Conservation System .The JILONA site is the first Outstanding Natural Area (ONA) in the nation east of the Pacific Coast. Two other ONAs also protect lighthouses: Yaquina Head in Oregon and Piedras Blancas Lighthouse in California . The Congressional Bill was signed by President George W. Bush on May 8, 2008, protecting this site for all Americans in perpetuity.The JILONA is cooperatively managed by the Bureau of Land Management, and local partners: Palm Beach County, Town of Jupiter, Village of Tequesta , Loxahatchee River Historical Society, U.S. Coast Guard and Jupiter High School 's Environmental Research and Field Studies Academy. Over the last decade, the group has accomplished a wealth of projects including lighthouse restoration, wetland reconstruction, river slope stabilization following hurricanes Frances and Jeanne , fuel hazard reduction and habitat improvement for endangered species, and proving the Jupiter Inlet Working Group a uniquely successful partnership. For its dedication to safeguarding Jupiter Inlet's ecological integrity and cultural heritage, the Jupiter Inlet Working Group was given the prestigious Cooperative Conservation Award from the Department of the Interior in April, 2008. ", ["2_403"]] [20404, "Summit is a train station in Summit, New Jersey , served by New Jersey Transit 's Morris & Essex Lines (the Gladstone Branch and Morristown Line ). The station sits between Union Place on the north and Broad Street on the south, with station access via either side, and between Summit Avenue on the east and Maple Avenue on the west. Constructed in 1904\u20131905 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in a mile-long open cut, it is one of the few NJ Transit stations with platforms below street level. The station had served several Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad , and then Erie-Lackwanna Railroad , named passenger trains. These included the Lake Cities , Owl / New York Mail, Twilight / Pocono Express and the DLW flagship train, the Phoebe Snow . The station was cosmetically renovated for the 2005 PGA Championship at the Baltusrol Golf Club in nearby Springfield . Status screens were installed on the platforms to show the next train and the platforms, and fittings were painted. The screens are still present. During that time, buses were used as the connection to go to and from the PGA Championship. On December 20, 2018, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy chose the station as the venue to sign legislation to reform the management of NJ Transit. There are two platforms and three tracks: Track 1 is served by a side platform, while Tracks 2 and 3 are served by the island platform. The side platform is accessible via the station overpass or directly from the Union Place parking lot, while the island platform can only be accessed via the overpass.In the early morning hours, trains on the Gladstone Branch originate at Gladstone Station with a final destination to Hoboken Terminal . Trains going to New York Pennsylvania Station (New York Penn Station) originate in Dover .On weekends, the Gladstone Branch trains only operate between Summit and Gladstone, requiring passengers wishing to travel farther east to transfer across the platform to a Morristown Line train, which operates between Dover and New York (as well as Hoboken via a transfer at Newark Broad Street station ).The station has a small parking lot on its property that slopes down from Union Place. Another large lot is across Summit Avenue, accessible from Broad Street. In the 1990s, a multistory parking garage was built on part of the Broad Street lot. Following the September 11 attacks , the city made daily chalk marks on the tires of the many unclaimed vehicles to help identify those missing. [ citation needed ]The station also has a waiting room with a small coffee and newspaper shop that is open at morning commute time and then through the afternoon rush hour.", ["2_404"]] [20405, "Air Commodore Hippolyte Ferdinand (Frank) De La Rue , CBE , DFC (13\u00a0March 1891\u00a0\u2013 18\u00a0May 1977) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Joining the Mercantile Marine as a youth, he became a pilot in Britain's Royal Naval Air Service during World War I. In 1918, he was given command of No.\u00a0223 Squadron in the newly formed Royal Air Force . The following year he took charge of No. 270 Squadron RAF in Egypt. Returning to Australia, De La Rue joined the short-lived Australian Air Corps in 1920, and became a founding member of the RAAF in March 1921. Specialising in maritime aviation, he led seaplane formations based at Point Cook , Victoria, during the 1920s and early 1930s. De La Rue was appointed commanding officer of No.\u00a01 Flying Training School at Point Cook in 1933. He was promoted to group captain in 1937 and took command of RAAF Station Richmond , New South Wales, the following year. At the outbreak of World War II, De La Rue was slated to lead an air expeditionary force to Great Britain, but this plan was abandoned after Australia committed itself to the Empire Air Training Scheme . Promoted to temporary air commodore , he served as Air Officer Commanding Western Area from 1941 to 1943, and finished the war as Inspector of Administration at RAAF Headquarters, Melbourne . Nicknamed \"Kanga\", De La Rue retired from the Air Force in 1946, and died in 1977 at the age of eighty-six.Born on 13 March 1891 in Auburn , a suburb of Sydney , De La Rue was the son of jeweller Edmond Emile De La Rue and his wife Ellen. Following a \"limited\" education, he joined the Merchant Navy in 1908, becoming a second officer by 1914. De La Rue transferred to the Royal Navy 's Transport Service shortly after the outbreak of World War I, operating on troop ships between England and France. He saw service at Gallipoli as navigator on Huntsgreen , from the Allied landings on 25 April 1915 until the withdrawal in December. In July 1916, he transferred once again, to the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) as a temporary flight sub-lieutenant, and was awarded his wings in November. Training as a seaplane pilot in Hampshire , De La Rue was posted to Wales in February 1917. Later that year, he claimed an unconfirmed sinking of a German submarine while on coastal patrol. Promoted flight lieutenant in January 1918, De La Rue became an honorary captain in the Royal Air Force (RAF) that April, following the merger of the RNAS and the Royal Flying Corps . He was posted to No.\u00a0223 Squadron in Otranto , Italy, later taking command of the unit. While piloting a Short seaplane escorting Allied bombers on a raid against the port city of Durr\u00ebs , Albania, he rescued the crew of another seaplane that had been forced down in the Austrian-held harbour. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions, as well as the Italian Silver Medal of Military Valor . De La Rue was posted to Alexandria , Egypt, in January 1919 to command No.\u00a0270 (Seaplane) Squadron . Offered a permanent commission in the RAF that August, he nevertheless returned to Australia and sought employment through Lieutenant Colonel Stanley Goble , an ex-RNAS pilot then seconded to the Navy Office. Goble, desiring a specialist seaplane pilot for naval cooperation work, arranged a captain's commission in the recently established Australian Air Corps , successor to the wartime Australian Flying Corps . On 17\u00a0June 1920, in an Airco DH.9A , De La Rue accompanied Captain Adrian Cole on a flight to an altitude of 27,000 feet (8,200\u00a0m), setting an Australian record that stood for more than ten years. Later that month, flying an Avro 504 L floatplane , he became the first person to land an aircraft on the Yarra River in Victoria. In July he was put in charge of trials of the Avro 504L aboard the Royal Australian Navy 's flagship, HMAS Australia . De La Rue joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) as a flight lieutenant in 1921, becoming one of the original twenty-one officers on its strength when it was formed (as the Australian Air Force) that March. Going by the first name of Frank, he was also popularly known throughout the service as \"Kanga\". In August 1921, he underwent the RAAF's \"No.\u00a01 Course\" at the Australian Army 's Central Training Depot in Holsworthy , New South Wales; his fellow inductees included Flying Officers George Jones , Arthur Murphy , and Raymond Brownell . During the 1920s, De La Rue held a series of postings at RAAF Point Cook , Victoria, and at Air Force Headquarters, Melbourne. In May 1922, then in charge of the Seaplane Flight, he crashed an Avro 504L into Port Phillip ; his rescuers claimed that his main concern following the mishap was the state of the corduroy trousers he was wearing. He lost the RAAF's sole Bristol Scout in another accident less than a year later. De La Rue married Clara Stone in a Presbyterian ceremony at Scots Church, Melbourne, on 1\u00a0October 1923; the couple would have a daughter. He had another escape in August 1925 when he crashed a Sopwith Pup into a hangar; a witness said that De La Rue, who was \"renowned for his fiery Gallic temper\", strode from the wreckage and began to violently abuse the aircraft. By 1926, De La Rue was the examining officer on the flight instructors course at No.\u00a01 Flying Training School (No.\u00a01 FTS), Point Cook. On exchange in Britain during 1929\u201330, De La Rue underwent familiarisation with aircraft carriers , and served on the staff of No.\u00a0201 (Flying Boat) Squadron , based on the south coast of England. Upon his return to Australia in 1931, he was given command of the RAAF's Seaplane Squadron at Point Cook. Promoted wing commander in December 1932, De La Rue led No.\u00a01 FTS from early 1933. He was promoted group captain in January 1937, and took over as commanding officer (CO) of Headquarters RAAF Station Richmond , New South Wales, from Group Captain Cole in January the following year. De La Rue and his staff at Headquarters Richmond worked \"flat out\" in the days prior to the outbreak of World War\u00a0II to get the base to a fit state of readiness and, immediately after hostilities were declared on 3\u00a0September, to liaise with the Central War Room in Melbourne passing instructions to squadrons. The following day, Richmond's first wartime sortie took place, a flight of three Avro Ansons and three Supermarine Seagulls patrolling the ocean off Sydney. Within a month the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), Air Vice Marshal Goble, proposed despatching a six-squadron air expeditionary force to Great Britain, with De La Rue, then the RAAF's seventh most senior officer, in charge. Air Marshal Richard Williams , Goble's long-time rival for leadership of the Air Force in the 1920s and '30s, later contended that the CAS was unduly favouring his fellow RNAS veteran and seaplane specialist to lead what would have been the RAAF's largest formation to date, particularly considering that other contenders for the role such as Group Captains Cole, Frank McNamara , and Henry Wrigley had greater landplane experience than De La Rue. The concept was in any case abandoned soon after, as Australia concentrated on participation in the Empire Air Training Scheme . Sometime in the latter half of 1940, De La Rue was seeing dinner guests off the base at RAAF Richmond and attempted to re-enter the perimeter via the main gate. Wearing civilian clothes and without his security pass, he was challenged and then locked up by the guards, who did not recognise him or believe his assurances that he was their commander. De La Rue was finally released by the orderly officer but was still fuming the next morning; only the advice of the base warrant officer (disciplinary) , who had congratulated the guards on their diligence, prevented the CO from taking action against all concerned. After completing his tenure at Richmond, De La Rue briefly took the role of senior air staff officer (SASO) at Central Area Command in October 1940. The following month, his name was put forward to establish an RAAF depot in London to look after the interests of the many thousands of Australian airmen disembarking there, but financial considerations led to the plan being scuppered temporarily. In fact, RAAF Overseas Headquarters would be formed on 1\u00a0December 1941, with Air Marshal Williams appointed Air Officer Commanding (AOC). Meanwhile, De La Rue also missed out on a potential posting to the Middle East that was suggested by the British but turned down by the Australian government. Promoted acting air commodore , he became the inaugural AOC Western Area , headquartered in Perth , on 9\u00a0January 1941. Among the units he controlled in this position were No.\u00a014 (General Reconnaissance) Squadron , No.\u00a025 (General Purpose) Squadron , No.\u00a035 (Transport) Squadron , and No.\u00a077 (Fighter) Squadron . De La Rue worked assiduously to prepare the latter for operations, as it was the only fighter squadron able to defend Perth and Fremantle . He also lobbied RAAF Headquarters for a force of long-range PBY Catalina flying boats to augment the Lockheed Hudsons of No.\u00a014 Squadron, but none were offered to him. De La Rue was made a temporary air commodore in July 1941. By February 1942, he was the eighth most senior officer in the RAAF. Handing over Western Area Command to Air Commodore Ray Brownell in January 1943, De La Rue became Inspector of Administration at RAAF Headquarters, in which post he saw out the rest of the war. On 8\u00a0June 1944, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire . De La Rue was summarily retired from the RAAF after the war, along with a number of other senior commanders and veterans of World War\u00a0I, partly to make way for the advancement of younger and equally capable officers, and also due to his suspect health. In recommending early retirement, the CAS, Air Vice Marshal George Jones , noted that De La Rue possessed \"fairly good Service knowledge\" and was of strong character, but that \"sometimes his efforts [were] ill-directed\". De La Rue was, furthermore, above the statutory retiring age for his substantive rank of group captain. He was officially discharged on 1\u00a0April 1946. An honorary air commodore from 1956, his chief hobby in retirement was painting in water colours . On 31\u00a0March 1971, he was among a select group of surviving foundation members who attended a celebratory dinner at the Hotel Canberra to mark the RAAF's Golden Jubilee ; his fellow guests included Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams, Air Vice Marshals Henry Wrigley and Bill Anderson , and Wing Commander Sir Lawrence Wackett . Frank De La Rue died at his home in Kew , a suburb of Melbourne, on 18\u00a0May 1977. He was survived by his daughter, and cremated. ", ["2_405"]] [20407, "The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark in Baker, California , US . It is a steel electric sign that commemorates the weather record of 134\u00a0\u00b0F (57\u00a0\u00b0C) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. The sign weighs 76,812 pounds (34,841\u00a0kg; 34.841\u00a0t) and is held together by 125 cubic yards (96\u00a0m 3 ) of concrete. It stands 134 feet (41\u00a0m) tall and is capable of displaying a maximum temperature of 134\u00a0\u00b0F (57\u00a0\u00b0C; 330\u00a0K), both of which are a reference to the temperature record. It was built in 1991 by the Young Electric Sign Company of Salt Lake City, Utah for Willis Herron, a Baker businessman who spent US$700,000 (equivalent to $1,566,000 in 2023) to build the thermometer next to his Bun Boy restaurant. Its height\u2014134 feet\u2014was in honor of the 134-degree record temperature set in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. [ citation needed ]Soon after its construction, 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h; 31\u00a0m/s) winds snapped the thermometer in half, and it was rebuilt. Two years later, severe gusts made the thermometer sway so much that its light bulbs popped out. Concrete was then poured inside the steel core to reinforce the monument. [ citation needed ]Herron sold [ when? ] the attraction and restaurant to another local businessman, Larry Dabour, who sold it in 2005. In September 2012, the owner at that time, Matt Pike, said that the power bill for its operation had reached US$8,000 per month (equivalent to $11,000 in 2023) and that he turned it off due to the poor economy. In 2013, the thermometer and accompanying empty gift shop were listed for sale. The family of Willis Herron (who died in 2007) recovered ownership of the property in 2014 and stated their intention to make it operational again. The renovation was funded with sweat equity and a contribution from the owner's mother of US$150,000 (equivalent to $196,000 in 2023). The official re-lighting took place on July 10, 2014. In December 2016, EVgo announced building the first US fast charge station for electric vehicles at up to 350\u00a0kW. The station is located in the rear parking area behind the thermometer, visible to travelers on Interstate 15. [ citation needed ]", ["2_407"]] [20408, "Erik de Bruin (born 25 May 1963 in Hardinxveld-Giessendam , South Holland ) is a retired Dutch discus thrower and shot putter . He held the Dutch national record in shot put from 1986 to 2005, and his 68.12 m discus throw record of 1 April 1991 still stands today. De Bruin was Holland's leading discus thrower and shot putter in the 1980s and early 1990s. He participated in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics , reaching 8th places at the 1984 shot put , and 9th place at the 1988 discus throw event. He was most successful in discus throw, winning silver medals at the 1989 Summer Universiade and 1990 European Championships , and a silver medal at the 1991 World Championships . De Bruin failed a sports drug test in 1993 but was cleared by the disciplinary committee of the Dutch Athletics Federation (KNAU). [ citation needed ] The International Association of Athletics Federations did not accept the ruling and banned de Bruin for four years. His wife's later book maintained that finances prevented de Bruin from appealing the conviction and ban fully to prove his innocence. [ dubious \u2013 discuss ]De Bruin married Irish swimmer Michelle Smith in 1996. They live with their two children in Kells , Ireland , where Michelle practices as a barrister. Michelle won four Olympic medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics while being trained by Erik; she was banned from competitive swimming by FINA in 1998.Erik's younger sister Corrie de Bruin is a former Olympic discus thrower. 1990: European Championship \u2013 silver \u2013 64,46 m \n1991: World Championship \u2013 silver \u2013 65,82 mThis biographical article relating to Dutch athletics is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_408"]] [20409, "Camag\u00fcey is the main railway station of the city of Camag\u00fcey , seat of the homonym province , Cuba . The station, informally known as Camag\u00fcey Central , is owned by the state company Ferrocarriles de Cuba (FFCC) and is located in the Avenida Van Horne, in the middle of the city and just in front of the Hotel Plaza. It is one of the most important stations of Cuba and, along with Havana Central , Santiago and Santa Clara , is a network's divisional headquarter. The station was projected in 1830s and opened on 5 April 1846. It was the southern terminus of the line to the town of Nuevitas , on the Atlantic Coast . [ citation needed ]Camag\u00fcey station has a large one-floor building in Spanish Colonial style . It counts three tracks , and the third serves a minor shed , extended along the nearby Finlay Park . It is crossed by the Avenida Carlos J. Finlay and, after a level crossing , counts a secondary passenger building. 2 km in south east, in the Garrido ward, it counts a larger shed with a motive power depot .All the lines running through the station, including the main one (Havana\u2013Santiago), are single-track lines and electrified.The station is served by several long-distance trains linking almost the whole island as the flagship Tren Franc\u00e9s (French Train) Havana \u2013 Santa Clara \u2013 Santiago . Other long-distance trains, principally departing/ending at Havana Central , link Camag\u00fcey to Holgu\u00edn , Guant\u00e1namo , Bayamo , Matanzas , Ciego de \u00c1vila , Las Tunas , Manzanillo and other cities. There are also some inter-regional and regional trains to Mor\u00f3n , Nuevitas , Vertientes and Santa Cruz del Sur .", ["2_409"]] [20412, "Arg\u00fcelles [a\u027e\u02c8\u0263we\u029des] is a station on Line 3 , Line 4 , and Line 6 of the Madrid Metro in Madrid, Spain. It is located underneath the intersection of Princesa and Marqu\u00e9s de Urquijo streets, between the districts of Moncloa-Aravaca and Chamber\u00ed , in fare Zone A. The station is named after the neighborhood of Arg\u00fcelles , which is in turn named after the 19th century Spanish politician Agust\u00edn Arg\u00fcelles . The station was inaugurated on 15 July 1941 when Line 3 was extended from Sol to Arg\u00fcelles. The platforms were built underneath Princesa street between the intersections with Marqu\u00e9s de Urquijo/Alberto Aguilera and Altamirano streets. The Line 4 platforms were inaugurated on 23 March 1944 when Line 4 first opened. The platforms were built under Alberto Aguilera street between the intersections with Gaztambide and Andr\u00e9s Mellado streets. Arg\u00fcelles is a terminus station, and the platforms were built at the same level as the Line 3 platforms, which prevents the line from being extended westward.The Line 6 platforms were inaugurated on 10 May 1995 when the segment between Laguna and Ciudad Universitaria was opened, converting Line 6 into a circular route . They are deeper than the other platforms, and are located between Marqu\u00e9s de Urquijo and Buen Suceso streets. The station was part of the extensive renovations of Line 3 during the summers of 2004, 2005, and 2006, during which the platforms were expanded from 60\u00a0m (200\u00a0ft) to 90\u00a0m (300\u00a0ft) and improvements were made for accessibility. ", ["2_412"]] [20413, "The Dubiecki Manor is an architectural monument located in the village of Vasylivka , Odesa Raion , Odesa Oblast , Ukraine. The manor was built between 1830 and 1854. According to some data, architect Francesco Boffo , famous from his work on the Potemkin Stairs in Odessa , designed the building. The designer of the gardens, situated nearby the manor, was the architect Ivan Dallakva . The first owner was the noblemen Major General Vasyl Dubiecki , who built the manor. In 1880, after the death of Vasyl Dubiecki, the manor was sold. In 1885, Konstantin Pankejeff became the owner. His son, Sergei Pankejeff , is well known as the \"Wolf Man\", one of the most famous clients of Sigmund Freud , because he was tormented by a nightmare of wolves watching him for a long time, which Freud interpreted as fear of being eaten by the father. Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok have later analyzed the dream as testifying to child abuse by the father. Thanks to this fact the manor received the nickname Wolf's-lair .This Ukrainian history \u2013related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This castle-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_413"]] [20414, "Angle Vale Bridge was a laminated timber deck arch bridge erected in 1876 over the Gawler River on Heaslip Road, Angle Vale , South Australia . It was the only surviving bridge of its type in Australia in 2023. The bridge was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 24 July 1980. The bridge collapsed on 25 May 2023 as a result of heavy rainfall. The bridge consisted of sandstone abutments and wing walls , with four laminated timber arch ribs of 26 metres (85\u00a0ft) span, set in cast iron sockets and supporting a timber deck carrying a roadway 5 metres (18\u00a0ft) wide. The bridge was opened by the on Wednesday 22 November 1876 by Commissioner of Public Works Hon. J. Colton with Miss Heaslip taking the honour of cutting the ribbon. Laminated timber arch bridges were constructed in Australia on British and American designs from 1853. However, few survived due to the poor preservation of Australian timbers The first bridges of this type in South Australia were built in 1856 using both imported softwood and local hardwood and incorporated horizontally laminated bent timbers bolted at regular intervals. However the arches only had a service life of only 12 to 16 years due to water penetrating between the laminations causing the timber to quickly rot. An improvement was made by laminating the timbers vertically and capping the tops to prevent water ingress. Tenders were called for erecting the Angle Vale Bridge on Wednesday 2 February 1876 closing on 21 February. The bridge was designed by Charles Francis Godfrey Ashwin C.E., Superintending Surveyor of the Northern District of the South Australia Central Road Board. the construction contract was won by Messrs Hack and Parker, while J.C. Brodie was the Clerk of Works. The bridge was completed in less than nine months and opened on Wednesday 22 November 1876. \nAshwin was born in 1816 and appointed draftsman to the Central Road Board in 1855. He was promoted as Surveyor (engineer) on 11 March 1861. He died while returning to England on 29 April 1878. The bridge was bypassed in 1966, and deteriorated before an extensive restoration program was carried out in 1988. In 2008, its engineering heritage was recognized by the installation of a marker provided by the Engineers Australia 's Engineering Heritage Recognition Program . On 25 May 2023, only days before a scheduled engineering inspection was to take place, the bridge collapsed into the Gawler river resulting in severe damage. the timbers of the bridge were recovered and an assessment of their condition and the potential restoration carried out. Only two other early laminated timber arch bridges are known in Australia, the 1873 Old Currency Creek Road Bridge off Goolwa - Strathalbyn Road which has been modified by the installation of riveted iron girders, and the 1863 Sunnyhill Bridge, which was inundated by the flooding of Millbrook Reservoir . ", ["2_414"]] [20417, "Fagun Thakrar is an English actress, writer-director, founder, social entrepreneur and activist. Fagun has appeared in several British, American, and Indian cinema. Fagun is the founder and CEO of the Purpose Movie Studio. Fagun is involved in many global non-profit organizations, particularly in initiatives related to global health and holistic well-being. She also established the Creatively Inspired Life Foundation. In March 2023, Fagun was selected as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum , recognizing her as one of the world's most promising leaders. Fagun was born in Leicester , Leicestershire, England. She studied at Beauchamp College in Oadby .Fagun has studied five degrees at internationally renowned universities. Initially Fagun moved to London to study medicine at University College London . Later, she diversified her education by training in classical acting at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama (RCSSD) and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London and pursued film directing studies in the US. She also holds a master's degree from the London College of Fashion . Subsequently, Fagun acquired an MBA to broaden her scope in the business sector. She has further advanced her academic qualifications by earning a fifth degree from the University of Cambridge . Fagun's educational achievements was chronicled in a special segment for ITV News for maintaining her \"straight A\" record under a particularly challenging course load in high school and college. Whilst studying, Fagun competed against thousands of contestants and won BBC 's Bolly Idol, an adoption of Pop and America idol after which she was offered her first lead stage role. For her first cinematic role, Fagun starred as Nabeela in the film, Brick Lane , shot on location in London. She then played Mandy Edge for the long running BBC hospital TV series, Holby City . Her acting roles include the title part of Zohra and the lead part of Deepa Verma, in the thriller Blood and Curry. Fagun portrayed Rekha opposite Martin Sheen and Kal Penn in the American film Bhopal: Prayer for Rain.She attended the Cannes Film festival in 2011. She was hand-picked by internationally acclaimed film director Shekhar Kapur for the premiere of the movie Bollywood, The Greatest Love Story Ever Told .In addition to her acting credits on film, Fagun has performed in several Shakespeare plays, including as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet . She has also appeared in commercials representing L'Or\u00e9al , IBM and Vodafone .As a writer and director Fagun intends to focus on films about social issues. Fagun is currently directing a documentary How Our Brains Are Affected by Meditation. Fagun was appointed as the Global Ambassador for The International Forum Advocating for Women's Brain and Health, which holds an annual meeting in Zurich, Switzerland. The organization unites experts and representatives from various scientific disciplines and practice fields, with the aim of advancing the study and enhancement of brain and mental health. Fagun founded The Creatively Inspired Life Foundation, a non-profit organization to help young people to overcome barriers through the power of creativity. Fagun served as the international spokeswoman for SAHARA (South Asian Helpline And Referral Agency), a culturally sensitive organization that supports women in Southern California through personal crisis.Fagun continues to work with The United Nations and Amnesty International, among other global organizations The British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) honored Fagun on their selective Newcomers Program, awarded to international rising stars. Fagun was awarded the Leicester Arts Achievement Award for her contribution and supporting young people in the arts. Fagun's career achievements were featured alongside those of actors, including Dame Judi Dench, in a historical book on British actors on stage and cinema over the past eight decades. ", ["2_417"]] [20418, "Norway's Resistance Museum also known as the Norwegian Home Front Museum ( Norwegian : Norges Hjemmefrontmuseum ) is a museum located at the Akershus Fortress in Oslo . The museum collection focuses on Norwegian resistance during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945. The museum displays equipment, photos and documents from the war years . The museum was established as a foundation in 1966. The Museum was opened to the public in May 1970 by Crown Prince Harald of Norway in celebration of the 25th anniversary of Norwegian liberation. Architectural planning was entrusted to Norwegian architect Otto Torgersen (1910-2000) who working together with key personnel representing various branches of the underground forces, produced a chronological gallery through the period from the prelude in the 1930s onwards to liberation in 1945.The museum's first manager was Knut Haugland , who managed the museum until 1983. Tore Gjelsvik was chairman of the museum's council from 1964 to 1973. Arnfinn Moland was appointed manager of the museum in 1995. 59\u00b054\u203228\u2033N 10\u00b044\u203209\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 59.9079\u00b0N 10.7358\u00b0E \ufeff / 59.9079; 10.7358This article about a museum in Norway is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_418"]] [20421, "RNLB Lucy Lavers (ON 832) was an RNLI lifeboat which was on No. 2 station at Aldeburgh from 1940 until 1959 when she was placed in the reserve fleet until 1968 when she was retired. The Rescue Wooden Boats Charity is currently undertaking restoration of the vessel. The Lucy Lavers is entered in the National Historic Ships register and has the Certificate No 2206. Lucy Lavers is a Liverpool-class single engine lifeboat which was also equipped with a sail, as was favoured by the RNLI for all single engine Liverpool class lifeboat. To stabiliser the lifeboat when under sail she was also fitted with a drop keel. The installed engine was a 35\u00a0hp Weyburn petrol engine. She was built for the RNLI by Groves and Gutteridge and was laid down in 1939. The boat was finished in 1940 and was sent for service at the Aldeburgh Lifeboat Station. The lifeboat was 35\u00a0ft 6in long and has a beam of 10\u00a0ft 3in and a draft of only 2\u00a0ft 3.5in. She had a displacement of 6 tons. The Lucy Lavers arrived in Aldeburgh in 1940 and was almost immediately commandeered, along with Aldeburghs No:1 station lifeboat RNLB Abdy Beauclerk (ON 751) by the Royal Navy . She was summoned to Dover and arrived at the port on 31 May. She was needed, along with 17 other RNLI lifeboats, to help in the Dunkirk evacuation , the removal of the British Expeditionary Force and the French Army from Dunkirk. At Dover small Royal Navy crews with a small number of RNLI coxswain towed the lifeboats to the French coast. They arrived just east of Dunkirk harbour where they began the evacuation. Lucy Lavers along with the other lifeboats was ordered to remain at Dunkirk until ordered to return home. She remained there and ferrying the evacuees out to larger ships. She stayed in the vicinity until late on the evening of 4 June. The Lucy Lavers , along with the other surviving lifeboats, returned overnight to Ramsgate in Kent . The Aldeburgh station records show that during the rest of the Second World War , Lucy Lavers along with Abdy Beauclerk were called out on many occasions. Most of these 'shouts' (calls for help) were in response to reports of aircraft crashed into the sea. Both Lifeboats spent long hours searching exhaustively for survivors but on most occasions all they found was wreckage or patches of oil. The lifeboats at Aldeburgh were responsible for saving a total of 107 lives during the war period.The Lucy Lavers served at Aldeburgh for 19 years, during which she and her crew undertook 30 operations which saved 7 lives. During her service in the RNLI\u2019s reserve fleet at Wells-next-the-Sea , Sheringham , and Rhyl , she undertook a further 52 missions, saving 37 lives. In 1968 she was finally sold out of the fleet by the RNLI and began a career as a pilot boat in the port of Saint Helier , Jersey . She was also renamed L\u2019esperance and eventually became a private fishing boat. In 1986 the lifeboat was given a new role when she was bought by a Dive and Ski Club of St. Helier. During this period she spend most of her time around the island of Sark . In 1997 she was finally retired and her engine canopy and some of her remaining fixtures and fittings were stripped out and used in the restoration of Howard D (ON 797) , an ex-Saint Helier lifeboat. Following the removal of these parts her diagonal mahogany hull, which was still in good condition, and she was sent to Simon Evans Boat Yard on the River Yonne , in Sens , France . She then joined the Dunkirk Little Ships Restoration Trust. Following some keen detective work by two Lifeboat enthusiasts from Norfolk, who had been looking for the Lucy Lavers for some time, she was found in 2006. Lucy Lavers underwent full restoration work at Stiffkey , Norfolk from 2013. Having been stripped back to little more than a bare hull, the majority of her original mahogany hull remains. She is listed on the National Register of Historic Vessels by National Historic Ships . Her certificate number is 2206. In 2012 the National Lottery Heritage Fund awarded a grant to Rescue Wooden Boats \u00a399.300 towards the restoration of the Lucy Lavers . The restoration was completed in time for the lifeboat to return to Dunkirk under her own steam to join the 75th anniversary celebrations of Dunkirk evacuation in May 2015. She is moored at Wells-next-the-Sea in Norfolk (see last photograph below) and is currently used for boat trips out of the harbour. ", ["2_421"]] [20422, "St. Brendan's Hospital ( Irish : Ospid\u00e9al Naomh Breand\u00e1n ) was a psychiatric facility located in the north Dublin suburb of Grangegorman . It formed part of the mental health services of Dublin North East with its catchment area being North West Dublin. It is now the site of a modern mental health facility known as the \"Phoenix Care Centre\". Since the official opening of the Richmond Lunatic Asylum in 1815 the Grangegorman site has continuously provided institutional facilities for the reception of the mentally ill until the present day. As such the Phoenix Care Centre represents the continuation of the oldest public psychiatric facility in Ireland . In 1810, the governors of the Dublin House of Industry , together with the physician Andrew Jackson, succeeded in gaining a grant from the government to establish a separate asylum from the House of Industry. It was built on a site adjacent to the House of Industry and officially opened as the Richmond Lunatic Asylum in 1815, although it had received its first patients from the lunatic wards of the House of Industry in the previous year. It was named after Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond , Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . Initially, it was established as a national asylum to receive curable lunatics from throughout the island of Ireland. The facility joined the state system as a \"district asylum\", as defined in the Lunacy (Ireland) Act 1821 , in 1830, following the passing of the Richmond Lunatic Asylum Act 1830 ( 11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4 . c. 22). Thereafter it was renamed the Richmond District Lunatic Asylum and its catchment area was defined as the city and county of Dublin, the counties of Wicklow , Louth , Meath , and the town of Drogheda . In the latter years of the First World War , a facility known as the Richmond War Hospital was established in the grounds of the hospital. The War Office closed the war hospital in winter 1919. The main facility became the Grangegorman Mental Hospital in 1925 and St. Brendan's Hospital in 1958. After the introduction of deinstitutionalisation in the late 1980s the hospital went into a period of decline. In the 2008 Report of the Inspector of Mental Health Services it was recommended that acute admissions to the secure units 3A and 3B should cease due to their unsuitability and all admissions should be redirected to the new purpose-built unit at Connolly Hospital . In June 2010, the Mental Health Commission instructed the hospital to stop the admission of acute patients on account of the \"entirely unacceptable and inhumane conditions\". After many of the patients had been transferred to Connolly Hospital, the older facilities at St Brendan's Hospital were retired in November 2010. As part of the Grangegorman Development Plan , where a large portion of the site of the old hospital will be used to develop the new Technological University Dublin campus, new modern psychiatric facilities were developed. A new state-of-the-art \"Phoenix Care Centre\", comprising 54 bedrooms and ensuites, recreational rooms, clinical rooms, administration areas, seclusion rooms and therapy gardens, opened in March 2013. Medical superintendents included:Since at least the 1920s various association football teams, including hospital works teams , played in the hospital grounds. These have included Grangegorman F.C. who were FAI Junior Cup finalists in 1928\u201329 and Leinster Senior Cup finalists in 1946\u201347. St. Brendan's F.C. were members of the League of Ireland B Division during the 1970s and 1980s. More recently Brendanville F.C. , founded in 1963, were members of the Leinster Senior League . All three teams also played in the FAI Cup . ", ["2_422"]] [20423, "Lillian Ngoyi is the lead vessel in the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 's Lillian Ngoyi -class inshore patrol vessels . She was built in South Africa by Farocean Marine based on the Damen Stan patrol vessel 4708 design. As well as fishery protection duties, the vessel is equipped for cleaning up oil spills, search-and-rescue work, fire fighting, and limited towing. The ship will operate up to 200 nautical miles offshore. Within months of her commissioning, the South African government reported successful anti-poaching operations. Like her sister ships , Ruth First and Victoria Mxenge she is named in honor of an anti- apartheid activist \u2014 Lillian Ngoyi . ", ["2_423"]] [20427, "Realic\u00f3 is a city in La Pampa Province , Argentina. It was founded the second of March in 1907 by Tom\u00e1s Leopoldo Mullally [ citation needed ] . The small farming town has a population of about 7,000 [ citation needed ] . There is one stoplight, and it is always blinking. A major employer of the town is the Cargill flour mill, although recently the mill's importance has waned, supporting fewer workers as the economy has become more services-oriented. There are three high schools , including a technical school (EPET), a business school, and a private, Catholic school (IPSF). There are also private English schools , including EIR and CELI. Teenagers from neighboring towns flock to Realic\u00f3 every Saturday night to go to Ladrillo Disco , a popular nightclub . This article about a place in La Pampa Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_427"]] [20428, "Hurricane Debbie was an intense and long-lived hurricane that formed during August 1969. The fifth tropical cyclone , fourth named storm, third hurricane and second major hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season , Debbie formed on August 14 in the southern Atlantic Ocean and took a general northwesterly path until turning northward into the central Atlantic. The storm was characterized by numerous fluctuations in intensity, but it still reached winds corresponding to Category\u00a03 status on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. The hurricane bypassed the island of Bermuda to the southeast on August\u00a022, before ultimately brushing southeastern Newfoundland with strong winds. It dissipated over the cold waters east of Greenland . Although Debbie had little effect on land, it was extensively researched and was subject to a weather modification experiment by Project Stormfury , in which it was seeded with silver iodide . A disturbance associated with a tropical wave strengthened into a tropical depression on August\u00a014. The system had significantly organized by August\u00a015, having intensified into a tropical storm by 00:00 UTC that day. Upon its designation, Debbie was moving west-northwestward at approximately 15\u00a0mph (24\u00a0km/h) and it was predicted to gradually gain power. It attained Category\u00a01 hurricane strength on August\u00a016 as it turned toward the northwest. It continued to mature, and at around 12:00\u00a0UTC on the next day, it achieved winds corresponding to Category\u00a02 on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. After attaining an initial peak of 105\u00a0mph (165\u00a0km/h) six\u00a0hours later, Debbie oscillated in strength over the succeeding two\u00a0days, weakening back to Category\u00a01 status early on August\u00a019. Debbie's abrupt fluctuation in intensity may have been the result of a seeding experiment carried out on the storm in an attempt to weaken it, though posthumous assessment by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project determined that an eyewall replacement cycle was more likely responsible. Upon reversion to minimal hurricane force, Debbie turned more to the west, although it maintained a general northwesterly path. By later in the day, Debbie had begun to restrengthen, reaching major hurricane intensity, Category\u00a03 on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale, by 18:00\u00a0UTC. Six\u00a0hours later, early on August\u00a020, the cyclone acquired peak winds of 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h), the highest in its lifespan; approximately 18\u00a0hours later, its lowest recorded barometric pressure fell to 950 mb (28 inHg ), as measured by hurricane hunters . The storm then weakened as it turned northward and eventually northeastward on August\u00a021. Gradually losing strength, Debbie passed well to the southeast of Bermuda, although it is believed that if not for the presence of nearby Hurricane Camille , which emerged into the Atlantic from the United States on August\u00a020, Debbie would have likely ended up further west, closer to the island. Debbie mostly maintained its severity through 06:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a023 as it continued generally toward the northeast. By 12:00\u00a0UTC on August\u00a023, Debbie weakened to below Category\u00a02 status and turned northward, becoming extratropical six\u00a0hours later, while still retaining winds of hurricane force. The next day, the storm's remnants\u2014no longer bearing winds of hurricane intensity, but only gale force\u2014skirted the southeastern tip of Newfoundland . The remnants of Debbie began to lose definition as they accelerated northeastward, while moving over increasingly cold waters. Debbie's remnants finally dissipated west of Norway on August\u00a027. Debbie remained predominately at sea throughout its 3,000\u00a0mi (4,800\u00a0km) path, and as a result, it caused little damage. The storm had little or no impact on the island of Bermuda as it passed to the south. Later, winds of 50 to 65\u00a0mph (80 to 105\u00a0km/h) were recorded over eastern Newfoundland. Debbie was subject to an experiment called Project Stormfury , which attempted to weaken tropical cyclones by seeding them with silver iodide . The storm provided an excellent opportunity to test the underpinnings of Project Stormfury. In many ways it was the perfect storm for seeding: it did not threaten any land; it passed within range of seeding aircraft; and was intense with a distinct eye. On August 18 and again on August 20, thirteen planes flew out to the storm to monitor and seed it. On the first day, windspeeds fell by 31%, from 98 to 68 knots (180 to 125\u00a0km/h; 115 to 80\u00a0mph). On the second day, windspeeds fell by 18%. Both changes were consistent with Stormfury's working hypothesis. The results were so encouraging that \"a greatly expanded research program was planned.\" Among other conclusions was the need for frequent seeding at close to hourly intervals. However, later studies determined that Project Stormfury likely had little or no impact on the evolution of Debbie and other storms, positing instead that natural fluctuations induced by eyewall replacement cycles were more likely to blame. ", ["2_428"]] [20430, "North \u00d8sterdalen Museums ( Norwegian : Musea i Nord-\u00d8sterdalen ) is a museum in the northern part of Norway 's \u00d8sterdalen district . The museum was established in 1976. It changed its name to Nord\u00f8sterdalsmuseet 'North \u00d8sterdalen Museum' in 2004, but the name Musea i Nord-\u00d8sterdalen was restored in 2015. It is an open-air museum with units throughout \u00d8sterdalen. North \u00d8sterdalen Museums is a department of the Anno Museum . The head office is the Ramsmoen Museum Center in Tynset . The museum has 11 operating buildings and 151 museum buildings, of which 60 have been moved and the rest stand in their original place. Among those in their original locations are is the Alvdal farm settlement; with its 18 houses, it is one of the Norway's best-preserved old farm settlements. The museum's most frequently visited unit is the Aukrust Center . Among the other units are Bj\u00f8rnstjerne Bj\u00f8rnson 's birthplace at Bj\u00f8rgan parsonage in Kvikne , the Rendalen Village Museum (a.k.a. the Bull Museum , Jacob Breda Bull 's childhood home), the Os Museum, the Tylldalen Farm Village, the Tynset Village Museum, the Folldal Farm Village, and the D\u00f8lmo Farm Museum in Tolga .", ["2_430"]] [20432, "Craig Malcolm Robinson (born April 21, 1962) is an American college basketball coach, basketball executive, and broadcaster. He is a former head men's basketball coach at Oregon State University . His sister is the former U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama . In the 1983 NBA Draft , Robinson was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers . National champion Conference regular season champion Conference tournament champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion Conference division champion", ["2_432"]] [20435, "Jerzy W\u0142odzimierz \u015awirski (5 April 1882, in Kalisz \u2013 12 June 1959, in London) was a Polish vice admiral and officer in the Russian Imperial Navy and later the Polish Navy . As Chief of the Polish Naval Command (1925-1947), he was a member of an elite group of high ranking Polish naval officers from foreign navies who became founder members of the re-established naval forces of the newly independent Poland after World War I . During World War II , Polish naval forces under his command, were embedded with the Royal Navy and contributed significantly to the success of Britain's maritime war effort. He notably fell out with Poland's war time Prime Minister-in-exile, General Sikorski , but was backed by the British and survived in post. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath . He was born into a military family on 5 April 1882 in Kalisz, in the Russian Partition of Poland. His father, a graduate of the Moscow Cadet Corps, was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army . \u015awirski attended the Marine Cadet Corps School in St Petersburg from 1889 to 1902. He completed the course for Navigation officers .As a commissioned officer in 1902, he joined the Russian Imperial Navy in the rank of Midshipman . Initially he was Watch officer and junior navigation officer on board the cruiser Askold . From 1905 he served in the Black Sea Fleet , as watch officer on the destroyer, Rostislav , on the Bug [ ru ] -type minelayer Dunay and on the frigate , Donetz . He was later engaged in mine laying operations and as navigation officer on the cruiser Pamiat Merkuria . During 1908 he was briefly training officer on board the mine layer, Kronstadt . Between 1909 and 1911 he returned to the Pamiat Merkuria as its navigation officer and also on the Jevstatije . Subsequently he served as navigation officer of the Russian Torpedo Division and commander of the torpedo boat, Stremitielnyi . In 1912 he advanced to navigational Flag officer of the Brigade of Naval Destroyers. From 1914 he was a member of the Training Commission for the Black Sea Fleet.Throughout World War I he was the navigation officer of the Black Sea Fleet, rising in 1917 to the rank of Captain , then naval commander .In 1918 he was nominated Chief of Naval Operations of the Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic and Minister of Naval Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic . That same year he was promoted to Rear admiral of the Ukrainian Hetmanate . On 17 December 1918, he resigned in protest against the cooperation of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic with the West Ukrainian People's Republic against Poland. Before the end of hostilities, in December 1917, he had made contact with Polish organisations. He became an active member of the 'Polish House' in Sevastopol . After the fall of the Ukrainian People's Republic, he left for Poland, where he joined the League for the Renewal of the Polish Navy, and later went to France where he was active in the National Committee for Poland. In 1919 he joined the Polish Army and was integrated into the Department for Maritime Affairs in Warsaw , becoming head of the Organisational Section. In July 1920 he was deputy to the chief of the Department for Maritime Affairs and was acting chief between 6 August to 5 September 1920. From September 1920 he was commander of the Coastal Force, Wybrze\u017ce Morskie, based in Puck . In January 1921 he was confirmed in the rank of colonel of the navy and in April became a member of the Marine Corps. In February 1921 he advanced to the rank of Commander. In May 1922 he was confirmed in the rank with retrospective recognition of seniority dating from June 1919 within the Marine Corps. On 24 November 1922 the Polish Premier and the Chief of staff confirmed his status, as of 1 January 1922, as Head of the Fleet, based in Puck. In August 1924 he moved with the Fleet Command to Grab\u00f3wek, Gdynia .In May 1925 the President of Poland, Stanis\u0142aw Wojciechowski released him from the Fleet Command and appointed him as chief of Marine Operations in Warsaw. In 1931 he was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral . On behalf of the Polish Treasury, he signed contracts for the procurement of naval Destroyer , Submarines and in 1938 for the Minelayer , ORP \"Gryf\".On 5 September 1939 \u015awirski and his staff left Warsaw for Pi\u0144sk , but due to heavy bombing they diverted to the border at Kuty and crossed into Romania , arriving in Paris on 6 October. He reported to General Sikorski and presented him with a strategy for the deployment of the Polish Marines. These included the continuation of the Polish Navy as a political and naval force, including the merchant fleet, collecting personnel, organizing military transport in France and consolidating resources. Having become Chief of the Directorate of the Polish Navy in October 1939, in December Sikorski recognized the role played by the Polish Navy in the war and ordered that naval matters be concentrated under the command of its chief, Jerzy \u015awirski. This meant that for the first time, the Polish Navy became independent of the Army. In 1940 after the fall of France, the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs , evacuated to the United Kingdom which became the war time base of the Polish Government in Exile . On 18 November 1939 the British and Polish governments had signed an Anglo-Polish naval agreement and protocol laying out how their forces would co-operate. \u015awirski was a co-signatory of the Anglo-Polish military alliance , alongside Chief of Staff, Lieutenant General W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski and Ambassador Edward Bernard Raczy\u0144ski . In outline Polish vessels would operate embedded within the Royal Navy , but under their own command. A note dated 6 June 1940 stated that:\"A detachment of the Polish Navy, consisting at present of three destroyers, two submarines and a depot ship, is operating in conjunction with the Royal Navy. The depot ship ORP Gdynia is stationed at Plymouth; two of the destroyers, ORP B\u0142yskawica and Burza form part of the 1st Destroyer Flotilla and the third ORP Garland will shortly join the Mediterranean, and the two submarines, ORP Orze\u0142 and Wilk form part of the 2nd submarine Flotilla.\"Unlike the Polish army and air-force, which were largely decimated in the attack on Poland and the survivors thrown into the battle for France in 1940 to suffer further heavy casualties, the Polish Navy, initially had no shortage of manpower. Three destroyers, two submarines and two training ships, all fully manned, reached the UK. In addition Polish merchantmen contained reservists and other seamen who could be conscripted. The training ships included officer instructors and young officer cadets. In all some 800 officers and other ranks commenced naval service based in the UK. When in 1940 the naval command, under Jerzy \u015awirski transferred from Paris to London, two administrative divisions were created: The North Command based in Greenock and the South Command based in Devonport . Later, the Mediterranean Command was formed after Polish naval forces had expanded to over 3,000. In 1941, shortly after his promotion to Vice admiral , differences emerged between \u015awirski and Sikorski who had decided to stand him down. As a result, both \u015awirski and his deputy, Commander Karol Korytowski were to lose their posts. The reason for the dismissals was their management and procurement style in the Marines and especially \u015awirski's tendency towards independent thinking. The pretext was ostensibly the death by suicide of the commander of the submarine, ORP Wilk and the submarine flotilla leader, Lieutenant Commander Bogus\u0142aw Krawczyk , who opposed the admiral's management priorities.Commander Tadeusz Morgenstern-Podjazd was called in to replace \u015awirski, but in the event, \u015awirski remained in post and Morgenstern was confirmed as his deputy. The reason was the British Admiralty could not see anyone competent enough to replace him. \u015awirski's loyalty towards the Allies of World War II was to earn him the Order of the Bath . In October 1942 Morgenstern resigned and Korytowski resumed his previous role. Following Sikorski's dramatic death in an air accident off Gibraltar in July 1943, \u015awirski continued in his earlier role.After the war \u015awirski did not return to Poland and remained in exile. He was regarded as a distinguished leader of men and as a brilliant strategist. In the history of Polish naval forces he is rated as an exceptional officer and educationalist of the younger officer corps. Among his signal achievements was his three-pronged plan to ensure the sustainability of the Polish Marines as a defence force: 1. A strategy for the establishment of an effective maritime force (1925 ), 2. The concept of Polish Marines closely shadowing and cooperating with the Royal Navy (1939) 3. Preparing the Marines for post-war effectiveness (1943). He died in June 1959 in London and is buried there in Brompton Cemetery . A memorial plaque in his honour was unveiled in St Michael Archangel church at Oksywie , Gdynia in 1983. A similar plaque was unveiled in the Polish Naval Cemetery in Gdynia to mark the 80th anniversary of the formation of the Polish Marines. ", ["2_435"]] [20436, "N3krozoft Ltd / \u02c8 n \u025b k r o\u028a s \u0252 f t / , previously N3krozoft Mord or N3kr0z0ft , is a transnational electronic art group founded in the early 1990s. The group has experimented with the intersection of technology, information and arts, exploiting the creative potential of, what was then, the new media technologies of CD-ROM , multimedia , live audiovisual jamming, and computer-generated video installations. Their work has been exhibited widely in international festivals, such as Viper (Basel, 2003), April Meetings (Belgrade, 2004), read_me festival (Aarhus, 2004), Bucharest Biennale (Bucharest, 2006), Art+Communication 8 (Riga, 2006) , S\u00f3nar (Barcelona, 2008).The group's name is a coinage that combines \"necro-\" with \" Microsoft \", thus linking information technology with death, the particular spelling relating both to l33t hacker-slang and kabbalistic numerology .", ["2_436"]] [20438, "The Comeragh Mountains ( Irish : Na Comaraigh ) are a mountain range in south east Ireland in County Waterford . They are between Carrick-on-Suir and Clonmel towns on the County Tipperary border and Kilrossanty and Kilmacthomas villages in County Waterford . The twelve mountains in the range are very popular for mountain climbers and hikers. The highest peak is Kilclooney Mountain at 790\u00a0m (2,592\u00a0ft).Media related to Comeragh Mountains at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_438"]] [20439, "John Whipple Dwinelle (September 9, 1816 \u2013 January 28, 1881) was an American lawyer and politician. He served in a number of political posts in California and played important roles in both the legal history of San Francisco and the establishment of the California public university system. Dwinelle was born in Cazenovia, New York , the son of Congressman Justin Dwinell and Louise Whipple, a descendant of William Whipple . He graduated from Hamilton College in 1834. While studying law, he edited the New York Daily Gazette , the Daily Buffalonian , and edited and typeset the Rochester Daily Advertiser . Dwinelle was admitted to the bar in October 1837 and began a legal practice in Rochester, New York . In 1844 he was elected city attorney of Rochester. The next year he became master of chancery . In 1849, he sailed to San Francisco, California, and began a legal practice there. He served in a number of government offices, including two terms on the San Francisco city council , Mayor of Oakland, California , and member of the California State Assembly from Alameda County, California . He unsuccessfully advocated for the adoption of the civil law for the legal system of the newborn state ; the state legislature and governor chose instead to adopt the common law by enacting a reception statute in April 1850. Dwinelle represented the city of San Francisco in the so-called \" pueblo case\", Hart v. Burnett , which secured San Francisco's claim to four square leagues of land due to the city's establishment as the pueblo of Yerba Buena under Mexican rule. Dwinelle's lengthy brief on these matters of land usage and history were published as The Colonial History of San Francisco (1863). Dwinelle was also the lawyer in an important court case regarding school segregation . In Ward v. Flood (1874), he represented a black child who was refused enrollment at a San Francisco school. The Supreme Court of California ruled that black students could not be refused education under the Fourteenth Amendment , but that they could be denied entry into specific schools on the basis of race. This upheld the legal principle of \" separate but equal \" many years before the legal doctrine was adopted by the United States Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). While this ruling did not desegregate California schools, it did guarantee the right of black students to an education. As an Assemblyman, Dwinelle wrote and introduced the 1868 Organic Act establishing the University of California . Dwinelle became one of the first Regents of the University of California . Dwinelle Hall at the University of California, Berkeley , the first campus opened as a result of Dwinelle's bill, is named for him. Although Dwinelle represented both black and Chinese clients during his career, he was progressive for his time only when it came to the civil rights of African Americans. In 1876, Dwinelle vehemently denounced Chinese immigration in testimony before a joint special committee of Congress which was visiting California to investigate the matter. He argued that the Chinese were incapable of assimilation and had no interest at all in American institutions. Dwinelle should have known better, since in 1862, he himself had successfully represented Chinese clients in a civil action to challenge a \"coolie tax\" enacted by the state legislature. While trying to catch a ferry, Dwinelle fell from a pier in Port Costa, California , and drowned. His body washed ashore three weeks later. ", ["2_439"]] [20441, "2013 ET is a near-Earth asteroid that was first observed on March 3, 2013, six days before its closest approach to Earth . It is estimated to be around 100 meters (330 feet) wide. The orbit of 2001 SY 169 has been connected to 2013 ET extending the observation arc to 11 years. Its closest approach to Earth was 0.0065207 AU (975,480 km ; 606,140 mi ) on March 9, 2013 at 12:09 UT. The asteroid also makes close approaches to Mars and Venus . The asteroid was imaged by Goldstone radar on March 10, 2013. 2013 ET was one of four asteroids that passed in the vicinity of Earth during one week in early March 2013. The other asteroids in this group besides 2013 ET, included 2013 EC , 2013 EC 20 , and 2013 EN 20 . This near-Earth asteroid-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_441"]] [20444, "Mount Williwaw is a prominent 5,446-foot (1,660\u00a0m) mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains , in Anchorage Municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska . Mount Williwaw, the highest peak of the Chugach Front Range, is situated in Chugach State Park , 12\u00a0mi (19\u00a0km) southeast of downtown Anchorage , and 1.4\u00a0mi (2\u00a0km) northeast of The Ramp . The Williwaw Lakes lie below the north and west slopes of the mountain and provide pleasant campsites for climbers not wanting to climb the mountain in one arduous day. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1964 by the United States Geological Survey based on a recommendation by the Mountaineering Club of Alaska because an infantry company from nearby Fort Richardson was caught in a williwaw near this mountain in May 1962. Three men died of exhaustion before the group was rescued. The first ascent of this peak was made June 11, 1965, by David Judd, M. Judd, Myers, and Parker via the South Ridge. Based on the K\u00f6ppen climate classification , Mount Williwaw is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below \u221220 \u00b0C with wind chill factors below \u221230 \u00b0C. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Ship Creek and Campbell Creek.", ["2_444"]] [20446, "Jarvis Tyner (born July 11, 1941) is an American activist and the former Executive Vice Chair of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). He is a resident of Manhattan , New York City . In 1972 and 1976 , he ran on the Communist Party ticket for Vice President of the United States . Tyner was born in 1941 in the Mill Creek community of West Philadelphia , and graduated from West Philadelphia High School . He joined the Communist Party USA at the age of 20. After several years working in various industrial jobs in the Philadelphia area, where he was a member of the Amalgamated Lithographers of America and Teamsters , he moved to New York in 1967 to become the national chair of the DuBois Clubs of America , and later founding chair of the Young Workers Liberation League . He was the Communist Party USA candidate for vice president of the U.S. in 1972 and 1976, running with party leader Gus Hall .Tyner has been a public spokesperson for the CPUSA, presenting its positions against racism , imperialism , and war . Tyner has also contributed to the CPUSA's Political Affairs Magazine and its People's World . He currently resides in the Inwood section of Manhattan, New York City.Jarvis Tyner is the younger brother of jazz pianist McCoy Tyner . ", ["2_446"]] [20447, "Helicon is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the north part of the Mare Imbrium . The crater was named after 4th century BC Greek astronomer Helicon of Cyzicus , a friend and disciple of Plato . To the northwest is the prominent Sinus Iridum , a mountain-ringed bay on the mare . Just to the east is the slightly smaller crater Le Verrier . Helicon is a nearly circular formation with inner walls that curve down to a relatively flat floor. There is a tiny craterlet located at the midpoint of the interior, and a small craterlet along the southwestern rim.According to convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Helicon.", ["2_447"]] [20448, "Eos Chasma is a chasma in the southern part of the Valles Marineris canyon system of the Coprates quadrangle and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangles of the planet Mars . Eos Chasma\u2019s western floor is mainly composed of an etched massive material composed of either volcanic or eolian deposits later eroded by the Martian wind. The eastern end of the Eos chasma has a large area of streamlined bars and longitudinal striations. This is interpreted to be stream-carved plateau deposits and material transported and deposited by flowing fluid. Ganges Chasma is an offshoot of Eos Chasma. MRO discovered sulfate, hydrated sulfate, and iron oxides in Eos Chasma. According to an analysis by Vicky Hamilton of the University of Hawaii , Eos Chasma may be the source of the ALH84001 meteorite, which some believe to be evidence of past life on Mars . However, the analysis was not conclusive, in part because it was limited to parts of Mars not obscured by dust.This article about the planet Mars or its moons is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about an extraterrestrial geological feature is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_448"]] [20449, "Bonnard John Teegarden (born August 23, 1940) is an American astrophysicist formerly with NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center , now retired. He spent most of his career studying cosmic gamma rays and is best known to the public for leading the team that discovered Teegarden's star in 2003. Teegarden grew up in Fair Haven, New Jersey and graduated from Rumson-Fair Haven Regional High School in Rumson in 1958. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1962 and a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Maryland in 1967. His thesis was \"A Study of Low Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays\" and his advisor was Frank B. McDonald .The discovery of Teegarden's star came as somewhat of a surprise as no close-by stars had been discovered for many decades. Teegarden's team found this star in data taken years earlier by an unrelated program searching for near-Earth asteroids . The real excitement was from the initial measurements the team made for the parallax of this star. These initial measurements indicated that the star may be very close at a distance of about seven light-years . This would have made it the third-closest star system . This excitement resulted in numerous popular press articles and public interest. In the years since the discovery was announced the measured distances gradually increased. The accepted distance is now more than twelve light-years and public interest has faded somewhat, but not before Teegarden was rewarded with the name of this newly discovered star, although other designations are sometimes used as well. Teegarden was a cosmic ray researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center for all of his professional life. He was co-investigator on the Pioneer Jupiter cosmic ray experiments and later an investigator on the space based INTEGRAL and BATSE experiments. He was also involved in studies of stellar nucleosynthesis . He is a prolific researcher with 200 articles listed in SAO/ NASA Astrophysics Data System . After retiring from NASA Teegarden and his wife moved to Annapolis , Maryland. He now works wood, and sails. He has developed special software for making decorative wooden bowls. ", ["2_449"]] [20450, "Allendale Moors is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Northumberland , England. The upland moorland ridge site is listed for its heath, flush and upland grassland which provide a habitat for a nationally important assemblage of moorland breeding birds. Allendale Moors is situated in the north-east of England, 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) east of Alston and 0.5 miles (0.80\u00a0km) west of Allenheads , and between East and West Allen Dales \u2013 tributaries of the River Allen \u2013 and Nent Dale and Upper Weardale; all found in the south-west of the Northumberland. The u-shaped site, which excludes the valley of the West River Allen from Carrshield northwards, is some 7.4 miles (11.9\u00a0km) north to south, and 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) east to west. It is at the northern extent and part of the North Pennines , itself designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty , and it borders three other SSSI, Whitfield Moor, Plenmeller and Ashholme Commons , High Knock Shield Meadow and White Ridge Meadow , and it overlaps Hartley Cleugh SSSI. Hexhamshire Moors SSSI is immediately to the east, separated by the valley of the River East Allen. The site is composed of upland moorland ridges and plateau, above a number of north to south falling watercourses \u2013 between the River Nent to the west and slightly eastwards, the River West Allen; and then between the River West Allen and the River East Allen. The site is at elevations from circa 400 metres (1,300\u00a0ft) along the northerly boundaries, to circa 600 metres (2,000\u00a0ft) and above on the southern boundary. The terrain is one of the most extensive blanket mires in the north of England, and provides a variety of heath, flush and upland grassland habitats for moorland breeding birds. Underlying the mire is Carboniferous limestone , with abundant lichen -rich outcrops. More generally, Allendale is part of a mineral rich area \u2013 the North Pennine Orefield \u2013 long-mined and thus littered with spoil heaps of varying ages and states of revegetation, affected by heavy metal contamination, particularly from zinc and lead, and supporting metal tolerant plants such as spring sandwort ( Minuartia verna ). The moorland has a number of distinct vegetative zones. The plateau is dominated by heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and hare's-tail cottongrass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) with local patches of cross-leaved heath ( Erica tetralix ). Other notable species include deergrass ( Trichophorum cespitosum ), crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ) round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ) and bog mosses such as ( Sphagnum papillosum ) and ( S. capillifolium var. rubellum ). Dry heath and acid grassland is found on peripheral areas of the plateau, the former supporting heather, wavy hair - grass ( Deschampsia flexuosa ) and bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), and with heath rush ( Juncus squarrosus ) dominating the latter, with mat-grass ( Nardus stricta ), wavy hair-grass tormentil, ( Potentilla erecta ) and heath bedstraw ( Galium saxatile ). The moor has numerous areas of acidic flush characterised by an abundance of soft-rush ( Juncus effusus ), bog moss ( Sphagnum recurvum ) and star-moss ( Polytrichum commune ). There are also a smaller number of species-rich flushes supporting sharp-flowered rush ( Juncus acutiflorus ), common sedge ( Carex nigra ), star sedge ( Carex echinata ), marsh bedstraw ( Galium palustre ), lesser spearwort ( Ranunculus flammula ) and marsh violet ( Viola palustris ). Great Limestone outcrops support rich lichen communities, including elm gyalecta ( Gyalecta ulmi ), a rare and endanged species, and a number of other species rare in Northumberland. The open moorland supports a collection of breeding birds considered to be of national importance, and including merlin , golden plover , red grouse , black grouse , short-eared owl and dunlin . The moor and associated grassland supports curlew , snipe , lapwing and redshank . The land is owned by Allendale Estates, the estate management company of the 4th Viscount Allendale . The majority of the site is common land under the designation \"Allendale Common and land at Mohope Moor and Pinch Park\". ", ["2_450"]] [20456, "Madeline Kahn (September 29, 1942 \u2013 December 3, 1999) was an American actress . She was known mainly for her comic roles in moviess such as Paper Moon , Young Frankenstein , Blazing Saddles , What's Up, Doc? , and Clue . She made a guest appearance on The Carol Burnett Show and the Cosby Show . She was born in Boston , Massachusetts . She moved to New York City during her early childhood and died of ovarian cancer there.", ["2_456"]] [20459, "The Grand Pabos West River or Pabos West River (French\u00a0: Rivi\u00e8re du Grand Pabos Ouest) is a river in the Gasp\u00e9 Peninsula of Quebec , Canada, which has its source in streams of the Chic-Choc Mountains in the Mont-Alexandre, Quebec sector. The river is about 47.3 kilometres (29.4\u00a0mi) long. Its name comes from the Mi'kmaq word pabog meaning \"tranquility waters\" The Grand Pabos West River is known for its Atlantic Salmon ( salmo salar ) fishing. The river was a renowned salmon river from 1880 to 1950. Overfished, the salmon were almost completely annihilated in 1984 and the river was closed to fisherman. It has been reopened since 2003. The water of the Pabos West River is of a copper color and is not as crystal clear as the one of the other two Pabos rivers but still fairly transparent.The river is accessible via Quebec Route 132 and is managed by an organism that administrates salmon fishing on the 3 Pabos Rivers. It is easy to fish the Grand Pabos River and the Petit Pabos River on the same fishing trip.", ["2_459"]] [20460, "Ryszard Bia\u0142ous codename: Jerzy (b. 4 April 1914 in Warsaw - 24 March 1992 in Neuqu\u00e9n , Argentina ) was a Polish scoutmaster ( harcmistrz ) captain of the AK - Szare Szeregi . Commander of the Batalion Zo\u015bka before and during the Warsaw Uprising . He was also known under the noms de guerre \"Zygmunt\" and \"Taran\". This biographical article related to the military of Poland is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_460"]] [20461, "French Park is a rural village community in the central east part of the Riverina . It is situated by road, about 8\u00a0kilometres east of Milbrulong and 15\u00a0kilometres west of Tootool . French Park Post Office opened on 16\u00a0August 1884 and closed in 1966. This Riverina geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_461"]] [20462, "TownMall of Westminster, formerly Cranberry Mall , is a shopping mall located in Westminster, Maryland , United States on Maryland Route 140 , 30 miles northwest of Baltimore. Owned by Westminster Mall LLC, and managed by The Woodmont Company. The mall features more than 20 stores, including a food court and Movie Theater. Belk , Boscov's , Dick's Sporting Goods , and RC Theaters are the mall's anchors. It's the only enclosed regional shopping center in Carroll County. The mall was wired for fiber internet in 2021. The mall opened in 1987 as \"Cranberry Mall\". The original anchors were Leggett (now Belk ), Caldor , Montgomery Ward (now Boscov's ) and Sears , which opened on a site originally planned for Hutzler's before that chain went bankrupt. Montgomery Ward opened in 1990. After closing in 2001, Montgomery Ward became Boscov's, while Caldor closed in 1999 and later became the first Steve & Barry's store in Maryland. After this store closed, the space was split in 2010 between Dick's Sporting Goods , Gold's Gym and Paradise of Fun (now Fun and Fit Factory). It is the only mall to have both northeastern chain Boscov's and southern chain Belk together in the same mall. The Boscov's store has the only escalators in Carroll County.As of December 2015 [update] , there have been a number of closings, including Shenk&Title, The Dress Barn, Super Buffet, Radio Shack, Bon Worth, Hurricane Racing, Deb, Things Remembered, KFC, and a coffee shop that had changed names a few times over the past two years Mugshots, Black and White, Coffee Shop. Many of the closed store's spaces remain vacant or house temporary seasonal clientele. On June 23, 2017, Gold's Gym announced it would be closing as a result of an inability of not coming to terms of leasing. Later in the year, THE GYM opened up in that space.In early December 2017, it was announced that the mall had been sold to Westminster Mall, LLC. [ citation needed ]On October 15, 2018, it was announced the Sears store would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide as a result of filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The store closed on January 6, 2019.In 2021, Books-a-Million, FYE, and Yankee Candle are among the longtime tenants to close their doors. ", ["2_462"]] [20463, "Alfredo Ferrari (nicknamed Alfredino or Dino ; 19 January 1932 \u2013 30 June 1956 ) was an Italian automotive engineer and the first son of automaker Enzo Ferrari . He was diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy , and died aged 24. After his death, Ferrari named the car fitted with the engine that Alfredo was working on at the time of his death \" Dino \" in his honour. Born to Enzo Ferrari and his wife Laura Dominica Garello, on 19 January 1932, Alfredo was named after his paternal grandfather and uncle.Enzo, who at the time was a racing driver for Alfa Romeo , had vowed to stop racing cars if he had a son. He kept his promise, and retired from driving in 1932, concentrating on racing team management with the newly-formed Scuderia Ferrari . From an early age, Enzo groomed Alfredino, \"little Alfredo\", to be his successor. Alfredo studied economics in Bologna before moving to mechanical engineering in Switzerland .In his short career at Ferrari, Alfredo was widely credited for the 750 Monza racing car; and, to a limited extent, a 1.5-litre V6 , the Ferrari Dino engine , that would later see action in Ferrari's early Formula Two racers. Alfredo suggested to his father the development of a 1.5-litre DOHC V6 engine for F2 at the end of 1955. Two years later in 1957, to honour his son, Enzo named the Dino series of racing sports cars using this V6 engine after him. Road cars under the same marque soon followed.Gino Rancati, a friend of Dino's father, Enzo Ferrari , noted: \"Dino, though he suffered because of his health, had always played an active part in the Ferrari company. He was interested in everything, but it was perhaps engines that interested him the most.\" During his time at Ferrari, Alfredo started experiencing health problems. His physical movements gradually became stiff, and he was often unable to maintain his balance. At his return to Modena, he was diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy . In the final days of his life, while hospitalized, he discussed technical details of the 1.5-litre V6 with fellow engineer Vittorio Jano and his father, Enzo Ferrari ; Enzo remarked on Dino's \"intensity, intelligence, and attentiveness\". Alfredo would never see the engine; he died in Modena on 30 June 1956, aged 24. Enzo Ferrari later said of caring for Dino in the final months leading up to his death:\"I had deluded myself - as fathers often do - that our attentions would help [Dino] to regain his health. I had convinced myself that [Dino] was like one of my cars, and so I made a table of the calorific values of the various food he had to eat - types of food that would not harm his kidneys - and I kept an up-to-date daily record of his albumins , of the specific gravity of his urine , the level of urea in his blood, of his diuresis , etc., so I would have an indication of the process of the disease. The sad truth was quite different: my son was gradually wasting away with progressive muscular dystrophy . He was dying of that terrible disease which no one has ever been able to understand or cure, and against which there is no defense, aside from genetic prophylaxis (i.e. a medication or a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring).\"Enzo Ferrari , via Gino Rancati, Enzo Ferrari: The Man (1988), p. 87-88The death of Alfredo took a toll on his parents' marriage. His mother, Laura Dominica Garello, never got over the loss of her only son, and her behaviour became increasingly erratic and unstable.Piero Ferrari , Dino's younger half-brother who was born out-of-wedlock to Enzo Ferrari and mistress Lina Lardi on 22 May 1945, and who became Enzo's heir after Dino's death, has stated: \"I never knew Dino, but I have never felt I was a victim of his memory, or of the pain that my father, Enzo, had always felt because of his death. And I would not be sincere if I did not say that when I was recognized [in 1978, after Laura's death], I experienced a great deal of emotion.\" Gino Rancati, a long-time friend of Dino's and Piero's father, Enzo Ferrari, said: \"Piero is now a man, with a family of his own, but his father [Enzo]'s obsession with Dino's memory must have left a mark on him.\" Dino Ferrari is probably best-known posthumously for designing the Ferrari Dino engine , a series of V6s and V8s that were produced by Ferrari from the late 1950s into the early 2000s; and the Dino , a marque best known for mid-engined, rear-drive sports cars produced by Ferrari from 1957 to 1976.The marque came into existence in late 1956, with a front-engined Formula Two racer powered by a brand new Ferrari Dino V6 engine. The name \"Dino\" was also used for some models with engines smaller than 12 cylinders, it was an attempt by the company to offer a relatively low-cost sports car. The Ferrari name remained reserved for its premium V12 and flat-12 models until 1976, when \"Dino\" was retired in favor of full Ferrari branding.Alongside engineer Vittorio Jano , Dino persuaded his father, Enzo Ferrari, to produce a line of racing cars in the 1950s with V6 and V8 engines. The script that adorns the badge and cylinder head covers was based on Dino's own signature.In 1962, Enzo Ferrari launched the Premio Giornalistico Dino Ferrari (the Dino Ferrari Prize for Journalism) in memory of his son, originally with a prize of 500,000 lira . The prize money was later increased to 1 million lira, in addition to a small bronze statuette of the Ferrari emblem, the Prancing Horse . Writers Gino Rancati, Giovanni Arpino , and Alberto Bevilacqua , among others, have been recipients of this annual award. The Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola , Italy was originally named the \"Autodromo Dino Ferrari\" in Alfredo's honour, with his father's name added after Enzo's death in 1988. The 1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix was held there on 16 September 1979.Dino's half-brother, Piero , also actively supports Centro Dino Ferrari, a research center for neurodegenerative and muscular diseases at the University of Milan , located in the Clinical Neurology Institute at the University Polyclinic of Milan . The center was named after Dino, and co-founded by their father, Enzo Ferrari, with Prof. Guglielmo Scarlato (1931\u20132002) in 1978. He was portrayed by Benedetto Benedettini in Ferrari (2023) which centred on his father's grief and the 1957 Mille Miglia . He was portrayed by Matthew Bose in Ferrari (2003).", ["2_463"]] [20464, "William Jacob Cuppy (August 23, 1884 \u2013 September 19, 1949) was an American humorist and literary critic , known for his satirical books about nature and historical figures . Cuppy was born in Auburn, Indiana . He was named \"Will\" in memory of an older brother of his father's who died of wounds he received as a Union officer at the Civil War Battle of Fort Donelson . Cuppy's father, Thomas Jefferson Cuppy (1844\u20131912), was at different times a grain dealer, a seller of farm implements and a lumber buyer for the Eel River branch of the Wabash Railroad . His mother, Frances Stahl Cuppy (1855\u20131927), was a seamstress and worked in a small shop located next to the family home in Auburn. Young Cuppy spent summers at a farm belonging to his grandmother, Sarah Collins Cuppy (1813\u20131900), on the banks of the Eel River near South Whitley, Indiana . He later said that this was where he acquired his early knowledge of the natural world which he satirized in his writings. Cuppy graduated from Auburn High School in 1902 and went on to the University of Chicago , where he received a bachelor's degree in 1907. As an undergraduate, he belonged to Phi Gamma Delta , acted in amateur theater and worked as campus reporter for several Chicago newspapers, notably the Record Herald and the Daily News . He lingered at Chicago seven more years as a graduate student in English literature. He did not show much interest in his studies, but in 1910 produced his first book, Maroon Tales , a collection of short stories about university life. In 1914 he pulled together a short master's thesis , took his degree and left for New York.Cuppy supported himself in New York by writing advertising copy while he tried unsuccessfully to write a play. He served briefly stateside in World War I as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Motor Transport Corps . Later he began contributing book reviews to the New York Tribune , where his college friend Burton Rascoe (1892\u20131957) was literary editor . According to Rascoe, it was his assistant Isabel Paterson who \"coaxed and coddled\" Cuppy into writing reviews and making a success of his career as a writer. In 1926, Cuppy began writing a weekly \"Light Reading\" column, later renamed \"Mystery and Adventure\", for the Tribune's successor, the New York Herald Tribune . He continued writing the column until his death 23 years later, reviewing a career total of more than 4,000 titles of crime and detective fiction. Seeking refuge from city noise and hay fever (which he referred to as \"rose cold\"), Cuppy \" hermited \" from 1921 to 1929 in a shack on Jones Island , just off Long Island 's South Shore. The literary result of Cuppy's seaside exile was How to be a Hermit , a humorous look at home economics that went through six printings in four months when it appeared in 1929. The book's subtitle, A Bachelor Keeps House , reflects the fact that Cuppy never married. The crew at the nearby Zachs Inlet Coast Guard Station shared their food and recipes with Cuppy and helped him repair his shack. Encroachment by the new Jones Beach State Park forced Cuppy to abandon full-time residence on the island and return to New York's noise and soot. A special dispensation from New York's parks czar Robert Moses (1888\u20131981) let Cuppy keep his shack. He made regular visits to his place at the beach until the end of his life. From his Greenwich Village apartment, Cuppy continued to turn out magazine articles and books. He always worked from notes jotted on 3x5-inch index cards. Cuppy would amass hundreds of cards even for a short article. His friend and literary executor Fred Feldkamp (1914\u20131981) reported that Cuppy sometimes read more than 25 thick books on a subject before he wrote a single word about it. Writing funny but factual magazine articles was Cuppy's real talent. He enjoyed a brief success in 1933 with a humorous talk show on NBC radio with actress and gourmet cook Jeanne Owen, but he flopped on the lecture circuit. Basically shy, Cuppy was happiest when he was rummaging through scholarly journals prizing out facts to copy out on his note cards. According to Feldkamp, one of Cuppy's favorite places was the Bronx Zoo , \"where he felt really relaxed.\" Many of Cuppy's articles for The New Yorker and other magazines were later collected as books: How to Tell Your Friends from the Apes (1931); and How to Become Extinct (1941). Cuppy also edited three collections of mystery stories: World's Great Mystery Stories (1943); World's Great Detective Stories (1943); and Murder Without Tears (1946). His last animal book, How to Attract the Wombat , appeared two months after his death in 1949.Cuppy's best-known work, a satire on history called The Decline and Fall of Practically Everybody , was unfinished when he died. Its humor ranges from the remark that, when the Nile floods receded, the land, as far as the eye can see, is \"covered by Egyptologists\", to the detailed dissection, quotation, and parody, in the chapter on Alexander the Great , of the picture of Alexander as an idealist for world peace. The book's appeal can be gauged by the fact that CBS broadcaster Edward R. Murrow and his colleague Don Hollenbeck took turns reading from it on the air \"until the announcer cracked up.\" The Decline and Fall was completed and published in 1950 by Fred Feldkamp, who sifted through nearly 15,000 of Cuppy's carefully filed note cards to get the book into print within a year of his friend's death. Feldkamp also edited a second posthumous volume, a comic almanac titled How to Get from January to December , that appeared in 1951.Cuppy's last years were marked by poor physical health and increasing depression. Facing eviction from his apartment, he took an overdose of sleeping pills and died ten days later on September 19, 1949, at St. Vincent's Hospital . Cuppy's cremated remains were returned to his hometown and buried in a grave next to his mother's in Evergreen Cemetery. His grave was unmarked until 1985, when local donors purchased a granite headstone with the inscription, \"American Humorist\". In 2003, Cuppy received another memorial when a committee of the International Astronomical Union approved the name \" 15017 Cuppy \" for an asteroid . In 2019, the Indiana Historical Bureau approved placing a state historic marker at Cuppy's family home in Auburn. Although Cuppy was reclusive and cultivated the image of a curmudgeon, he had many friends in New York's literary circles. One of them was the poet William Rose Ben\u00e9t (1886\u20131950) who, writing in the Saturday Review of Literature , penned this remembrance of him:He had the haunted look of the true humorist. All his friends loved him. Cuppy's papers, including thousands of his notecards, are archived at the University of Chicago Library . A number of his letters to his friend and Herald Tribune colleague Isabel Paterson are among Paterson's papers archived at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum in West Branch, Iowa . Two of Cuppy's letters to Max Eastman are among Eastman's papers at Indiana University's Lilly Library . The Frank Sullivan Collection at Cornell University also contains correspondence from Cuppy. The papers of John Towner Frederick at the University of Iowa include letters written by Cuppy in the 1940s relating to Frederick's Of Men and Books series for CBS Radio . Four letters from Cuppy to children's author Anne Carroll Moore are among her papers at the New York Public Library A Persian translation by Najaf Daryabandari of Cuppy's The Decline and Fall of Practically Everybody was published in 1972 under the title of \u010cenin konand bozorg\u0101n (\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646, Thus Act the Great ). The good quality of the Persian prose and the fact of Cuppy's being unknown in Iran led to speculation that the book was not a translation, but an original book by Daryabandari and possibly a collaborator, who was speculated to be Ahmad Shamlou . It was guessed that this had been done in order to bypass the Pahlavi era censor. Daryabandari denied it several times, even after the Iranian Revolution . The issue was not publicly settled until the satire magazine Golagha ran an article about their \"discovery\" of Cuppy, which proved Daryabandari right. [ citation needed ]", ["2_464"]] [20465, "Susanne Maria \"Sussie\" Eriksson (born 2 January 1963) is a Swedish singer and actress. Eriksson has worked in a number of musicals and had the lead role in the comedy series, c/o Segemyhr for five seasons, and also participated in the singing show Sing-A-Long . Eriksson was born in Eker\u00f6 but now resides in Ludvika . She had her first role at a young age in the Ludvika Revue where her father Lennart Eriksson worked as producer. Eriksson also worked as a child actress in the television show Fr\u00e5n A till \u00d6 . As an adult, she worked in theater with Les Mis\u00e9rables , ABBA \u2013 The True Story , Cabaret and Little Shop of Horrors . Eriksson has also acted in variety shows with Bosse Parnevik at Oscarsteatern and has done bar shows along with Siw Malmkvist and Lasse Berghagen in the group Creme Fraiche. Eriksson has also participated in the TV3 show Sing-A-Long . As a comedian, she was noticed for her role as a flight attendant in the revue Alla var d\u00e4r at Folkan in Stockholm. She also acted in the TV4 comedy series c/o Segemyhr as Cilla, in the role of long-suffering wife of unemployed former executive Fredrik Segemyhr. Eriksson starred in the films Lilla J\u00f6nssonligan och cornflakeskuppen , and Adam och Eva . She is also part of the dark comedy group R.E.A. She has also played the role of Karin in the ABBA musical Mamma Mia! , which was performed in both Gothenburg and Stockholm from 2005 to 2007. In 2009, Eriksson, along with Gunilla Backman and Charlott Strandberg , did the show PrimaDonnor at Hamburger B\u00f6rs. Eriksson participated as a celebrity dancer in the fifteenth season of Let\u2019s Dance and made it to the final. ", ["2_465"]] [20466, "The Sowers is a surviving 1916 silent film drama produced by Jesse Lasky , released through Paramount Pictures and directed by William C. deMille . The feature stars Blanche Sweet and Thomas Meighan and is based on the 1896 novel The Sowers by Henry Seton Merriman . It is preserved in the Library of Congress collections. This 1910s drama film-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_466"]] [20469, "Florence Marina State Park is a 173-acre (70\u00a0ha) Georgia state park located near Omaha on the eastern shore of Walter F. George Lake . The park is known for its deep-water marina and its water recreation sports, such as fishing and waterskiing . The park also attracts bird-watchers with the chance of seeing herons , egrets and, possibly, bald eagles . The park is home to the Kirbo Interpretive Center, which teaches visitors about Native Americans and displays snakes, turtles, fish, and other artifacts from prehistoric times to the early 20th century. Located just 10 miles (16\u00a0km) southeast of the park is Providence Canyon State Outdoor Recreation Area . The park is on the site of the frontier town of Florence, which was originally named Liverpool, after the English port city. Florence was a prosperous town with a covered bridge linking it to Alabama , a newspaper, bank and hotel. The town went into decline after a flood washed away the bridge in 1846 and the town was bypassed by the railroad. Florence was officially incorporated as a town from 1837 until 1995. ", ["2_469"]] [20470, "Osaka Business Park Station ( \u5927\u962a\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30d1\u30fc\u30af\u99c5 , \u014csaka Bijinesu P\u0101ku-eki ) is a metro station on the Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line in Ch\u016b\u014d-ku , Osaka , Japan . With a depth of 32.3\u00a0m (106\u00a0ft), it is the deepest station in the Osaka subway system. There is an island platform fenced with platform gates between 2 tracks underground. Originally, the plan was to use prebuilt platforms located at the first basement level. However due to its location adjacent to the nearby Neyagawa and Daini Neyagawa rivers, the city ordered the construction of the current platforms to be at least 10 meters below the nearby rivers. The original platforms remain in place, albeit accessible only through the side of an existing staircase. 34\u00b041\u203232\u2033N 135\u00b031\u203247\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 34.692134\u00b0N 135.529688\u00b0E \ufeff / 34.692134; 135.529688This Osaka Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_470"]] [20471, "Forgotten Faces is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring Clive Brook , Mary Brian , and Olga Baclanova . The production was overseen by David O. Selznick , a rising young producer at the time. The film was remade by Paramount in 1936 as a sound film . The film is preserved with copies at the Library of Congress and the Museum of Modern Art . This film is Paramount's remake of their 1920 film Heliotrope .A criminal, \u201cHeliotrope\u201d Harry ( Clive Brook ), comes home after a stick-up job and finds his wife Lilly ( Olga Baclanova ) in bed with another man. He shoots his rival and deposits their baby daughter Alice (played later as an adult by Mary Brian ) on a rich couple's doorstep. While serving a life sentence, Harry is updated on his daughter's happy life by his old criminal associate Froggy ( William Powell ). For years, his vengeful wife seeks their daughter in vain. When she finally locates their child, the father wrangles parole from a sympathetic warden. He seeks to ensure permanent protection for his daughter by luring his crazed wife into a trap where she shoots him but suffers a prearranged fatal accident while escaping. The father dies in his daughter's arms, who now knows and appreciates his true identity and love for her. This article about a silent drama film from the 1920s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_471"]] [20472, "Ebenezer Doan, Jr. (1772\u20131866) was the Master Builder or architect-contractor in charge of designing and building the Sharon Temple , a National Historic Site of Canada. Doan was a highly accomplished builder, as evidenced by the creative techniques used in the temple structure. Doan was an early Quaker immigrant from Bucks County , Pennsylvania who joined the Children of Peace in 1812. His first house (1819), drive shed and granary have now been relocated on the temple grounds and restored. Ebenezer Doan, Jr. was born 9 September 1772 in Bucks County of a large Quaker family. He apprenticed at a young age to his elder brother Jonathan, a prominent Master Builder in the mid-Atlantic states, he having built and designed the first New Jersey State House (1791-2) and the New Jersey State Prison (1797\u201399). After a short, tragic first marriage, Ebenezer Doan married Elizabeth Paxon in 1801; they had six children. In 1808, the extended Doan clan moved to the new Quaker settlement on Yonge Street in what is now Newmarket , Ontario. In 1813, most members of the family, including Ebenezer and Elizabeth, joined the Children of Peace , led by another Yonge Street Quaker, David Willson . Ebenezer's fame as a builder is linked to the extraordinary \"Meeting Houses\" (churches) that he built for this group in Hope (now Sharon), Ontario.Doan remained an active member of the group until 1840, when he resigned for unknown reasons. His wife and children remained members. Doan died 3 February 1866 at the age of 93. The Children of Peace rejected the \"plain style\" of Quaker architecture and built a series of ornate meeting places designed to \"ornament the Christian Church with all the glory of Israel\". The building most clearly associated with this imagery is the temple, built over a seven-year period in imitation of Solomon's Temple , and the New Jerusalem described in Revelations 21. The temple is three storeys tall and measures 60 feet square by 75 feet high. The building is of timber frame construction, held together with mortice and tenon joints. It is square, and each side symmetrical, with tall centred double doors on each side to \"allow all to enter on an equal footing\". On either side of the door are three tall, sliding sash windows ; there are 3 more per side on the second storey, and one on the third. At each of the building's twelve corners is a square lantern (carved out of a single block of wood) surmounted by four green finials . From the top four lanterns hangs a golden ball, with the word Peace inscribed on it. A reeded frieze caps each storey, and the four corners are tall, reeded quarter columns.The temple's main auditorium is open and spacious, filled with light from 24 windows and from the central well that reaches up through the second floor musician's gallery to the third storey. Sixteen columns in all support the upper storeys; in the centre of which is an altar, or arc. The space was filled with individual chairs, not pews, which sit on two raised levels of floor to allow better sight-lines. The pillars are surmounted by curved arches and a coved ceiling. The second floor musician's gallery is reached by a 20-foot-high curved staircase called \"Jacob's Ladder.\" Ebenezer Doan finished David Willson's Study in September 1829. Its exterior colonnade and arches can be seen as the temple \"turned inside out\". Many of its architectural details such as the reeding, lantern, quarter pillars, coved ceiling and arches match the temple. It was also referred to as \"the counting house.\" It was 16 by 8 feet wide. It appears to have been a model for the Second Meeting House, constructed 1834-1842. The Second Meeting House was 100 feet long and 50 feet wide, and two storeys high. Its exterior was similar to the study. The interior auditorium was an open space supported by 20 pillars and a 20-foot-high ceiling. The second floor was reached by a circular staircase leading to a 20-by-20-foot room used as a school. The Second Meeting House was demolished in 1912, leading the York Pioneer & Historical Society to preserve the temple as a museum in 1917. In 1960, the Doan farm house was moved from the original farmstead to the Sharon Temple National Historic Site. The House, built in 1819, is reminiscent of the Delaware Valley houses Doan would have remembered from his youth. It has a three bay facade, and three rooms on the main floor, one of which is a large open beamed kitchen. The house has been restored to illustrate life in the period. More recently, the house's original Drive shed and granary were moved to the site, and are currently being restored.", ["2_472"]] [20475, "New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad No. 206 is a preserved S-2 class diesel switcher locomotive on display in at the Maywood Station Museum in Maywood, New Jersey . No. 206 was built by ALCO in 1942 for the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYS&W), as part of their process to dieselize their locomotive roster. No. 206 served the railroad in freight and switching services for several years, until it was retired in 1985, due to mechanical issues. As of 2024, No. 206 is on static display at the Maywood Station Museum, under the ownership of the Maywood Station Historical Committee. From April 1940 to June 1950, the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York , along with Canadian subsidiary Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW), produced 1,502 copies of their S-2 class locomotive for various railroads across the United States and Canada. The S-2s were equipped with turbochargers and Blunt-type trucks , and they were able to generate 1,000 horsepower (750\u00a0kW). In the early 1940s, the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYS&W) was undergoing a bankruptcy reorganization process, under the leadership of trustee Walter Kidde . One of the tasks Kidde opted to arrange for the railroad was to dieselize their locomotive roster to reduce their operating costs. In 1941, the NYS&W placed an order for six S-2s from ALCO, and they were able to do so during World War II , since the War Production Board limited production for road locomotives, but allowed switcher production to continue on. The six S-2s were delivered to the NYS&W in March and April 1942. As part of a new diesel-numbering system that was implemented on the NYS&W, the even-numbered S-2s (Nos. 202, 204, 206, and 208) were equipped with multiple-unit controls , while the odd-numbered S-2s (Nos. 203 and 205) were equipped without. S-2 No. 206 was delivered to the NYS&W in April 1942, and it began serving as a switcher for the railroad's branch lines and yards throughout New Jersey. It also occasionally operated with some of the railroad's ALCO RS-1 s in mainline freight service. By the early 1960s, most of the NYS&W's ALCO locomotives began to suffer from mechanical problems, and three EMD GP18 s were purchased to assist them. Nearly all of the S-2s were subsequently left in outdoor storage in Little Ferry , and they were cannibalized for parts to keep No. 206 operable. By the late 1970s, No. 206 remained in service solely as a locomotive shop switcher in Little Ferry. In 1980, the NYS&W was purchased by the Delaware Otsego Corporation (DO), and they began to reorganize the company's operations, which involved the scrapping of the inoperable S-2s in Little Ferry. No. 206 was retained, since it was still in good condition. In early 1985, the NYS&W overhauled No. 206, and they partnered with the Bergen-Rockland chapter of the National Railway Historical Society (NRHS) to repaint it. That same year, the railway purchased a section of former Lehigh and Hudson River Railway (L&HR) trackage between Franklin and Lime Crest, New Jersey, and No. 206 became reassigned to operate on the route. No. 206 began hauling occasional freight trains on the route in March 1985, and for the first run, NYS&W president and CEO Walter Rich served as the engineer. Some months later, No. 206 suffered an engine failure, and it had to be removed from service for repairs. Simultaneously, the NYS&W began to purchase a fleet of EMD SD45 s, and due to the SD45s' superior reliability, the NYS&W reluctantly decided to retire all of their remaining ALCO locomotives, including No. 206. In 1988, the NYS&W traded No. 206 to General Electric (GE) for an order of four GE Dash 8-40B s. The following year, GE donated No. 206 to the United Railroad Historical Society (URHS) for inclusion in their proposed museum. Throughout the 1990s, the URHS occasionally towed No. 206 to various railroad locations for special events, but by the end of the decade, they left it in undisclosed storage at the Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G) station in Ridgefield Park . In 2006, the Maywood Station Historical Committee (MSHC), a division of the NYS&W Technical and Historical Society, entered negotiations with the URHS to have No. 206 relocated for display at the Maywood Station Museum. The URHS agreed to the proposal, and they donated the locomotive to the MSHC. In October 2008, No. 206 was towed to the station museum, where it was placed on static display and received a cosmetic restoration. On March 19, 2010, No. 206 became listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). This article about a property in New Jersey on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_475"]] [20477, "HMCS Fennel was a Flower-class corvette that served primarily with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . Originally commissioned into the Royal Navy , she served as an ocean escort in the Battle of the Atlantic . Flower-class corvettes like Fennel serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes. The \"corvette\" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877. During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design. The generic name \"flower\" was used to designate the class of these ships, which \u2013 in the Royal Navy \u2013 were named after flowering plants. Fennel was ordered by the Royal Navy on 22 January 1940 as part of the 1939\u20131940 Flower-class building program. She was laid down 29 March 1940 by Marine Industries Ltd. at Sorel, Quebec and launched 20 August later that year. Fennel was towed to Liverpool, Nova Scotia and was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 16 January 1941. She was finished enough to make an ocean crossing as part of HX 113 and was completed at Greenock , United Kingdom . On 15 May 1941 Fennel was one of ten corvettes loaned to Canada . She could be told apart from other Canadian Flowers by her lack of minesweeping gear and the siting of the after gun tub amidships. Fennel had four major refits during her career as a warship. The first took place at Halifax for a brief two-month refit beginning in October 1941. The second took place at New York from mid-July 1942 until late September 1942. The third major refit took place at Baltimore that began in June 1943 and lasted until September of that year. During this refit, the fo'c'sle was extended. Fennel 's final refit took place in August 1944 at Pictou, Nova Scotia and took two months to complete. After completing at Greenock, Fennel was sent to Tobermory , the site of the ocean escort training facilities, to work up. Upon completion, she was assigned to Western Approaches Command until June 1941 when she was reassigned to Newfoundland Command. This was after being loaned to Canada in May 1941. Joining Newfoundland Command in June, Fennel was assigned to escort group 22N until September 1941 and then group N11 from December 1941 until March 1942 as an ocean escort. Beginning in April 1942 she had a brief spell as a member of Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) escort group C-1 before transferring to the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) in June of that year. She remained a part of WLEF until June 1943.In June 1943, Fennel joined MOEF group C-2 for one escort assignment before heading off for a refit. Upon completion of workups, she returned to C-2. She remained with this group until December 1944.On 6 March 1944, after unsuccessful attempts at towing the boat to port U-744 was sunk in the North Atlantic, in position 52\u00b001\u2032N, 22\u00b037\u2032W, after being torpedoed by the British destroyer HMS Icarus . U-744 was attacked for over 30 hours by depth charges from the Fennel , along with HMS Icarus , the frigate HMCS St. Catharines , corvettes HMCS Chilliwack and HMS Kenilworth Castle , destroyers HMCS Chaudiere and HMCS Gatineau . Not all these ships fought at the same time, as Gatineau and Kenilworth Castle both had to leave with mechanical defects during the battle. In December 1944, Fennel transferred to MOEF escort group C-1. She remained with that group for the rest of the war. On 12 June 1945, Fennel was paid off and returned to the Royal Navy. After lay up, Fennel was sold for mercantile conversion in 1946. In 1948 she was registered under a Norwegian flag as Milliam Kihl . She was rebuilt as buoy-boat in October 1948. She was refitted as whaler in 1951 in Kiel , West Germany . Laid up in 1960/1961, her last drifting season was in 1964/1965. She was laid up again in Sandefjord and sold to Norwegian shipbreakers in Grimstad in 1966. ", ["2_477"]] [20479, "The Gambell Sites are five archeological sites which established a chronology of over 2000 years of human habitation on St. Lawrence Island near Gambell, Alaska . The sites (named Hillside, Mayughaaq, Ayveghyaget, Old Gambell, and Seklowaghyag) have provided evidence of four cultural phases of the Thule tradition. Digging first began in 1927 and the sites were labelled a National Historic Landmark in 1962. As with all previously existing National Historic Landmark sites, the sites were listed on the National Register of Historic Places when the registry opened in 1966. Over the 20th century, the archeological value of the sites was largely destroyed due to locals digging up the buried ivory and the landmark designation was withdrawn in 1989. The sites remain listed on the National Register.This article about a property in Alaska on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a location in the Nome Census Area, Alaska is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_479"]] [20480, "Brigadier General Theodore C. Lyster , M.D. (10 July 1875 \u2013 5 August 1933) was a United States Army physician and aviation medicine pioneer. In 1918, Lyster established an army laboratory that put aviation medicine on a sound scientific basis in the United States and he insisted on making military aviation physicians organic members of the flying squadrons, thus creating the position and role of \" flight surgeon \". These efforts, along with his 1917 creation of the post of chief surgeon, Aviation Section, Signal Corps and his planning and directing of the United States Army Air Medical Service , earned him the title of \"Father of Aviation Medicine\" or \" Father of Army Aviation Medicine\". Theodore Charles Lyster was born at Fort Larned, Kansas , the son of U.S. Army Captain William J. and Martha Doughty Lyster. His childhood was spent in various posts around the country. At the age of seven, Lyster contracted yellow fever while living in Fort Brown , Texas. He was treated by William Gorgas , and Gorgas was credited with his recovery. Later, Gorgas married Lyster's aunt, making Lyster Gorgas's nephew by marriage. Having recovered from yellow fever, Lyster had a lifelong immunity to it.He received his Ph.B. in 1897 and his in M.D. in 1899, both from the University of Michigan . In June 1898, Lyster entered the army as a private and hospital steward. On October 3, 1900, he was commissioned as a surgeon. Lyster subsequently served as the Chief of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic at Ancon (Canal Zone) Hospital , Panama and Chief of the Eye Service in the University of Philippines , Manila . In 1914, during the American occupation of Vera Cruz, Mexico , Lyster served there as Chief Health Officer. A month after the United States entered World War I , Lyster was promoted to lieutenant colonel . It was by War Department Special Order 207 (September 6, 1917) that Lyster became the first chief surgeon, Aviation Section, Signal Corps, United States Army \u2014a position he had recommended as essential to fully realize the capability of Army aviation and provide adequate medical support to it. He was also Chief of Aviation and Professional Services in The Surgeon General's Office in 1917 and 1918, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Award . With the expansion of the army and his new duties as chief surgeon, he rose to brigadier general in March 1918.Following a visit to Europe in 1918, Lyster conducted numerous research studies on the \"Care of the Flyer\" which led to substantial improvements in treatment and recovery. Learning from the British experience during the first years of World War I, Lyster made two important contributions to the efficiency and safety of flying. First, he emphasized physical standards for pilots. The British had cut flying fatalities from 60% to 20% by screening pilots for medical defects. This emphasis led Lyster to champion an extensive research program. This program was under the control of a board \"with discretionary powers to investigate all conditions affecting the physical efficiency of pilots, to carry out experiments and tests at different flying schools, to provide suitable apparatus for the supply of oxygen ... [and] to act as a standing organization for instruction in the physiological requirements of aviators.\" This board established the first laboratory of its kind and put aviation medicine on a sound scientific basis in the United States. Lyster's second major contribution was to insist on making aviation surgeons be organic parts of the squadrons. This arrangement meant that surgeons familiar with aviation would deploy with the flying units, rather than being part of a larger medical organization that would be slower to respond. This organization, as well as the emphasis Lyster put on selection and training of aviation surgeons, produced the concept of the flight surgeon.Although Lyster's most significant contribution was pioneering aviation medicine, he was instrumental in many other areas. He was primarily responsible for standardizing and expediting physical examinations (1917) and in organizing the Medical Research Board (1918). He was a member of several civilian medical organizations and made many valuable contributions to medical literature. His studies of yellow fever and his work in otorhinolaryngology are of lasting relevance.Lyster retired from active duty on 28 February 1919, reverting to his permanent rank of colonel. After the death of Dr Gorgas, Lyster carried on his work with the Rockefeller Foundation (1920\u201324) of eliminating yellow fever from Mexico and Central America. He served as medical examiner of the U.S. Department of Commerce , organizing the first issuing of licenses to commercial aviators. He also served as president of the Southern California Medical Association .By an Act of Congress in June, 1930, Lyster was promoted (restored) to \"Brigadier General, Retired\". He died in Los Angeles , California on August 5, 1933, aged 58, of coronary sclerosis and angina pectoris . ", ["2_480"]] [20483, "Karasjok \u24d8 ( Norwegian ) , K\u00e1r\u00e1\u0161johka ( Northern Sami ) , or Kaarasjoki ( Kven ) is the administrative centre of Karasjok Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway . The village is located along both sides of the Karasjohka river, just 12 kilometres (7.5\u00a0mi) west of the Norway-Finland border . The European route E06 highway runs through the village on its way from Lakselv to Tana bru and Kirkenes . The 2.24-square-kilometre (550-acre) village has a population (2023) of 1,746 and a population density of 779 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,020/sq\u00a0mi). The village is an important centre in the municipality and region. About 2/3 of the municipal population lives in the village. The Sami Parliament of Norway is located in the village. It acts as an institution of cultural autonomy for the indigenous Sami people in Norway. The Old Karasjok Church and the newer Karasjok Church are located in the village. The newer church is also the seat of the Indre Finnmark prosti ( deanery ) of the Church of Norway . Before the beginning of the 1700s, there might not have been a permanent population there but the area was used by nomads. Early 1800sThe Stromeng family set up blacksmith shop that still sell knives to the Norwegian military today.During World War II a Nazi concentration camp was built in Karasjok: Lager IV Karasjok (German for \"Karasjok Camp No.4\", Norwegian : Karasjok fangeleir ). The camp was run by SS , and it was among the first four Nazi concentration camps in Northern Norway .In July 1943, 374 political prisoners and POWs prisoners (mostly Yugoslavs ) were brought to the concentration camp. They were tasked with widening the road to Karigasniemi , Finland . After four or five months, only 111 of these prisoners were still alive. At the end of the prisoners' stay in Karasjok, before transportation out of Karasjok, 45 prisoners were massacred by the firing of small arms. At least one former prisoner is (as of 2013) still alive. In 2015, the second edition of S\u00e1pmi Pride , the LGBT pride festival, was held in Karasjok. To protest homosexuals attending the Karasjok Church , and to protest that a female priest held the services, Norges Samemisjon cancelled one of their radio broadcasts. ", ["2_483"]] [20485, "Curite is a rare mineral with the chemical composition Pb 3 [(UO 2 ) 4 |O 4 |(OH) 3 ] 2 \u00b72\u00a0H 2 O. It is therefore a hydrated lead uranyl oxide , which forms red needles or orange, massive aggregates. Curite was first found at Shinkolobwe mine (formerly known as \"Kasolo mine\u201c) in Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Alfred Schoep (1881\u20131966) described the mineral for the first time in 1921 and named it after physicist and Nobel laureate Pierre Curie (1859\u20131906). The mineral is classified according to Strunz as part of the uranyl hydroxides, forming its own group with additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb etc.) and primarily UO 2 (O,OH) 5 pentagonal polyhedra with system number 4.GB.55.Dana classifies the mineral to the oxides and hydroxide, as part of the uranium- and thorium-containing oxides with oxidation state 6+ containing Pb, Bi, hydroxyl groups or water.Curite crystallises orthorhombically in space group Pnam with the lattice parameters a =\u00a012,56 \u00c5 ; b =\u00a013,02\u00a0\u00c5 und c =\u00a08,40\u00a0\u00c5 and two formula units per unit cell . The crystal structure consists of layers of corner- and edge-sharing uranyl polyhedra, in which the uranyl cation shows both pentagonal-bipyramidal and square-bipyramidal coordination. The lead cations connect these layers by coordinating to the oxygen atoms of uranyl group. The mineral is radioactive because of its uranium content of about 63%. Considering the composition with respect to the ideal sum formula, a specific activity of about 113,4\u00a0k Bq /g can be given. The absolute value of any given mineralogical sample may vary drastically depending on the general composition of the mineral with its matrix, the amount of material and its age.Curite is a secondary uranium mineral, which forms by alteration of geologically old uraninite . Additionally, lead atoms form due to radioactive decay. Curite is found in the oxidation zone along with dewindtite , fourmarierite , kasolite , rutherfordine , schoepite , soddyite , sklodowskite , torbernite und vandendriesscheite .Curit has been found, apart from its type locality Shinkolobwe mine, at a further 50 localities, e.g. in Egypt ; Northern Territory , Australia; Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg , Bayern , Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony , Deutschland; Auvergne , Bretagne , Alsace und Limousin , France; Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol , Italy; Northwest Territories , Canada; Fianarantsoa , Madagascar; Aust-Agder and Telemark , Norway; Karelia , Russia; Namaqualand , South Africa; Bohemia and Moravia , Czechia; Baranya and Heves , Hungary as well as in Colorado , New Hampshire und New Mexico , USA. Because of its radioactivity samples of this mineral should be kept in air-tight containers. Inhaling the dust or incorporation should be avoided.", ["2_485"]] [20488, "Anoatok ( Eskimo-Aleut for \"the wind loved spot\"), now Kane Manor Inn , is an historic residence which is located in Kane, Pennsylvania , in McKean County . Commissioned by the author, physician and women's rights activist Elizabeth Dennistoun Wood Kane (1836\u20131909), one of the first women to enroll in the Medical College of Pennsylvania and the widow of American Civil War General Thomas L. Kane (1822\u20131883), the home was erected in 1896 after being designed for Elizabeth Kane by Cope & Stewardson , one of the most prominent architecture firms of the late 1800s and early 1900s. The mansion's name alludes to the exploits of her late brother-in-law and Arctic explorer Elisha Kent Kane . This property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 1986. After the destruction by fire of her family's home in Kane, Pennsylvania in 1896, author, physician and women's rights activist Elizabeth Dennistoun Wood Kane, one of the first women to enroll in the Medical College of Pennsylvania, chose Cope & Stewardson, to design and build a new residence for her and her sons. One of the most influential architecture firms in the nation at that time, Cope & Stewardson completed work on the Georgian Colonial Revival -style mansion during 1896 and 1897. She subsequently named her new residence \"Anoatok\" in honor of the Arctic explorations of her late brother-in-law, Elisha Kent Kane . Following Elizabeth Kane's death at the mansion in 1909, ownership of the residence was awarded to her sons Evan and Thomas, the latter of whom moved out after a new home was completed for him in 1910 by Cope & Stewardson. Anoatok was then converted into an inn by Evan's son, Elisha Kent Kane III, during the mid-1930s. Sold by the family to an outside party in 1983. In 2003, the home was sold to David Krieg of Wilcox who then sold the property to Ben and Dr. Debra Miller (2020) who currently own the home and operate it as the Kane Manor Inn .According to Richard F. Bly, president of Commonwealth Historic Properties, Inc. and the individual who prepared the nomination form on August 19, 1985, to secure placement of this property on the National Register of Historic Places, Anoatok was \"the most prominent residence in Kane\" during the 1980s, due as much to its design and craftsmanship, as to its placement on land which was 2,040 feet above sea level. Erected in such a way that it afforded its inhabitants \"a spectacular view of the South Branch Kinzua Creek Valley,\" the residence remained \"virtually unaltered in its overall floor plan since being erected in 1897-97.\" Designed in the Georgian Colonial Revival style by Cope & Stewardson, Elizabeth Kane's three-story, 18,000 square foot, rectangular brick frame residence was erected on a cut sandstone foundation, and had \"a buff face brick exterior\" which employed bricks that had been manufactured by the Kane Brick Company in nearby Sergeant, Pennsylvania . The brown-shingled hip roof was built with three small dormers \"encasing one window each on both the eastern and western exposures,\" and a north-to-south-running widow's walk was built on the roof's apex. \"The two parallel railings of turned wood balusters [were] painted white and [ran] between two solid buff brick cupolas .\" In addition, each of the building's exposures was adorned with a cut stone frieze , which \"served as the sill for all second story windows.\" ", ["2_488"]] [20489, "Pena is a former parish ( freguesia ) in the municipality of Lisbon , Portugal. At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish Arroios . In 2001, the population of the district included 6038 residents, in an area of 0.5\u00a0km 2 , representing a highly compact population. It was created in 1564, and designated Sant'Ana by Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal , when the parish of Santa Justa was divided. Initially, the parish authority was localized in the Monastery of Sant'Ana (founded in 1561), but transferred to a building constructed by the brothers of the Santo Sacramento (after 25 March 1705): the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pena, along the Cal\u00e7ada da Pena , when the parish name changed to Nossa Senhora da Penha . But, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake caused significant damage, and it was renovated by the middle of the 18th century, with recuperation completed in both the 18th and 19th centuries. Until 1763, the parish authority occupied several buildings, including a hermitage along the Travessa do Hospital , then at the Church of Nossa Senhora da Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o e Carmo, along the Travessa das Recolhidas , and later to the chapel in the Palace of Mitelo (in the Largo do Pal\u00e1cio do Mitelo ). The parish of Pena occupies one of the hilltops in Lisbon, namely Santana, which extends from Largo S\u00e3o Domingos until Estef\u00e2nia and from Portas de Santo Ant\u00e3o to Desterro . It is part of the historical quarter of Lisbon, and is encircled by the civil parishes of Santa Justa , Socorro , Anjos , S\u00e3o Jorge de Arroios , Cora\u00e7\u00e3o de Jesus and S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 . The centre of the parish is the Jardim Braamcamp Freire (English: Braamcamp Freire Garden ), dedicated to the republican historian and archeologist, who directly opposed the British administration of William Beresford . After this period of Portuguese history the park was known as the Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria (dedicated to the martyrs of the fatherland ), which was commonly referred to as the Campo de Santana until the 18th century. ", ["2_489"]] [20492, "The Black Drin , or Black Drim ( Albanian : Drini i Zi ; Macedonian : \u0426\u0440\u043d \u0414\u0440\u0438\u043c ) is a river in North Macedonia and Albania . It flows out of Lake Ohrid in Struga , North Macedonia. It is 149\u00a0km (93\u00a0mi) long and its drainage basin is 3,504\u00a0km 2 (1,353\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Its average discharge is 118\u00a0m 3 /s (4,200\u00a0cu\u00a0ft/s). After flowing through North Macedonia for 56\u00a0km (35\u00a0mi), the Black Drin crosses the border to Albania, west of Debar . It merges with the White Drin in Kuk\u00ebs to form the Drin , which flows into the Adriatic Sea . It drains most of the eastern border region of Albania. The name is ancient - Drinius, Trinius (Pliny), \u0394\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Ptolemy). Its origin is Illyrian from older *Dr\u016bn , from Indo-European *dr\u016b - into Old Indian dr\u0101vayate , run, flow, Avestan dru , run. This part of Albania is an agricultural area. The main agricultural products are maize and barley ; silviculture is evolving, as well. The Ohrid trout , which is a form of salmon , can also sometimes be found in parts of the river.", ["2_492"]] [20493, "Peter D. Francis (born 1934) is an American former politician in the state of Washington . He served in the Washington House of Representatives and Washington State Senate as a Democrat from the 32nd District. He was a member of the first Washington Redistricting Commission in 1983. This article about a politician from the state of Washington is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_493"]] [20496, "The A line is the north-to-south main line of the Frankfurt U-Bahn . It is the oldest and longest line of the U-Bahn system. Served by four routes (U1, U2, U3 and U8) starting at S\u00fcdbahnhof Railway Station in Sachsenhausen, the A line runs through downtown Frankfurt up to Heddernheim Station in the north of the city, where it branches out to Ginnheim (U1 and U9), Oberursel (U3), Riedberg (U8 and U9) and Bad Homburg (U2). The U9 service between Ginnheim, Riedberg and Nieder-Eschbach does not use the central section and tunnels of the line, making it the only light rail service of the network that does not serve downtown Frankfurt. The Riedberg and Ginnheim branches were planned as parts of the future D line subway but are operationally part of the A line until the D line development and construction is finished. The Line A with its three connecting lines covers about half of the Frankfurt subway network and combines various upgrade standards, linking subway, elevated rail, railway and light rail sections.The Line A is the most important north\u2013south axis in city traffic and runs from the South Station through the city and the Eschersheimer highway to Heddernheim . There it divides into two branches, which lead to Oberursel (U3) and Bad Homburg (U2). The part of the line served by U1, U2, U3 and U8 has eight underground and six above-ground stops.The routes to Bad Homburg and Oberursel originally belonged to the Frankfurt Lokalbahn AG. They run largely off the road network and have barrier-protected level crossings. Also, the piece between Oberursel station and Hohemark is a built according to light rail criteria former narrow-gauge railway line.Between the stops Zeilweg and Wiesenau the Oberursel route branches off the subway again (U1) and goes on a newly built, partly underground route through the northwest city to Ginnheim . Between the stops Heddernheimer Landstra\u00dfe (on the section to Ginnheim) and Wiesenau (on the section to Oberursel) forms a part of the D-route with the two routes a track triangle. In Niederursel, the D route then branches off in the direction of Riedberg.The construction of the Line A began in 1963. Originally, it was planned to build the line from the city center to Eschersheim to station Weisser Stein in the tunnel. For financial reasons, however, only the southern tunnel section was built and the track north of the Miquelallee led over a ramp to the surface. In the further course the route lies at ground level on the central strip of the Eschersheimer country road. Despite the above-ground routing, the stations were built very complex and had spacious underground distribution bullets, isolated was also the ground-level access by traffic lights possible. For safety reasons, the track tracks were additionally fenced in on both sides; crossing the street has since then only been possible for pedestrians in a few places without traffic lights.The first route led from the Hauptwache to the northwest city and was opened on October 4, 1968. It had five underground stations in the city center (Hauptwache, Eschenheimer Tor , Gr\u00fcneburgweg, Holzhausenstra\u00dfe and Miquel / Adickesallee) and the subterranean terminus Nordweststadt in the same large housing estate. The new service, called A1, drove vehicles of the type U2 (see below). As a depot of the subway served the depot of the municipal tram in Heddernheim. The old storage hall in Eschersheim from the times of the local railway was separated from the track network. The hall is still standing today, even if one no longer recognizes its original use.At the same time, tram routes 23, 24 and 25 were relocated to the new tunnel. The vehicles of the U-tram services were made \"tunnels\", that is, they were widening the doors to bridge the gap between (too narrow) vehicle and platform. Unlike the subway, these subway trams did not end at Hauptwache, but returned to the inner city tram network via a ramp in Grosse Gallusstrasse.From 1968, the following four services operated through the new tunnel:In 1971, the previous tram route 25 was withdrawn in Bad Homburg to Gonzenheim. The \"provisional\" terminus of the new subway service A2 has survived until today.In 1973, the underground was extended in the city center one station to the station Theaterplatz (since 1992 Willy-Brandt-Platz). A transfer station was created after the opening of the first section of the B-line in 1974.In 1974, the tunnel in the northwest city was extended by one station to the station R\u00f6merstadt.In 1978, the line was extended by an elevated section to the terminus of the tram in Ginnheim. In the same year, the Oberursel route of the former local railway was taken over into the underground network. The two new Taunus lines were now also operated with U2 class cars. The mixed operation with underground tram cars was abandoned, the tunnel ramp in the Great Gallus road shut down, the reinforcement service A4 accounted for. The tunnel-like tram vehicles were rebuilt again for tram operation.In 1975, construction began on the southern extension of the A-line under the Main to Sachsenhausen. This section was put into operation on 29 September 1984 and contained two underground stations, Schweizer Platz and S\u00fcdbahnhof. At S\u00fcdbahnhof, after the completion of the S-Bahn tunnel under the Main (1990), another interchange between the two high-speed rail networks was built.With the extension to Sachsenhausen the Line A network reached its extension until 2009. Apart from the merger of two stops and the establishment of a new one in Oberursel as well as the construction of the high station Niddapark to the Federal Horticultural Show 1989 there was no increase here.In the 1990s and 2000s, construction on the A line was largely limited to matching platform heights. The goal is to bring all platforms to a uniform height of 80\u00a0cm above the rail. In the aboveground stations, this was connected to the installation of ground-level entrances (via pedestrian lights). Some stations of the oldest Frankfurt subway line were also renovated and redesigned (such as the stations Gr\u00fcneburgweg, Heddernheim and northwest center) or provided with lifts (Holzhausenstra\u00dfe).On June 30, 2008, the construction of the D-IV section over the Riedberg began. Since the timetable change on December 12, 2010, the new housing development Riedberg has been connected with two new stops via a further branch of the A-line to the city center and to the northwest city. The 12.3-kilometer U8 service operates between S\u00fcdbahnhof and Riedberg. It operates all stations of the U3 to Niederursel, before turning behind the station to the northeast and after the station Uni-Campus Riedberg reaches the new terminus Riedberg. The 10.3-kilometer U9 service starts at the terminus of the U1 in Ginnheim and travels with it to the station Heddernheimer Landstra\u00dfe, before turning towards Wiesenau. She then drives together with the U8 to Riedberg and from there continues via Kalbach to Nieder-Eschbach. Between Kalbach and Nieder-Eschbach she travels together with the U2.In Sachsenhausen, no further construction of the line ending there is to be expected in the coming years. Since 2007 it is planned to end the trains of the U2 service at the so-called F\u00fcrsten track in the station Bad Homburg. The route begins at today's terminus in Gonzenheim, which is to be demolished and rebuilt underground to the west of the Gotenstrasse. In place of the previous terminus, the urban railway line is to be lowered into a 350-meter-long tunnel and underpass the railway line Bad Homburg-Friedrichsdorf parallel to the Frankfurter Landstra\u00dfe. Then they should be introduced to the railway embankment and parallel to the existing railway line on their level the Long Mile and the feeder road with the S-Bahn and the Taunusbahn cross. The planning approval decision was issued in January 2016. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that construction will start soon. According to a FAZ article, \"Lord Mayor Alexander Hetjes (CDU) reacted cautiously to the news from Darmstadt. \"That means nothing at first,\" he said, referring to the outstanding financing agreement. \"And the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung:\" If the planning approval decision becomes final and the financing agreement is in place, the plan is two years ahead of schedule and then two and a half This would mean that construction would start at the earliest in 2018 and completion is not expected before 2020.The A-line starts at the S\u00fcdbahnhof in the district of Sachsenhausen. The South Station is an important hub of local and regional transport. Long-distance trains, the regional trains of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund, the S-Bahn trains to Langen and Darmstadt, city and regional buses as well as the tram routes 14, 15, 16 and 19. The underground platform of the subway lies right under the platforms the railway and offers short transfer routes to the other rail transport. As a terminus of the A-line joins the platform tracks to the south of a three-prong turning and Abstellanlage, the outer tracks were provided for a projected continuation of the route in the direction Sachsenh\u00e4user waiting (see new building projects).The S\u00fcdbahnhof is located in a vibrant, inner-city inner-city quarter, which offers retail and gastronomy facilities as well as numerous coveted apartments. The semicircular station forecourt, the Diesterwegplatz, is the center of this quarter and serves several times a week as a marketplace.The tunnel of the subway runs from the South Station through the Diesterwegstra\u00dfe to the Swiss Square and crosses the Swiss road there. The next subway station Schweizer Platz is located below the block of houses bordered by Swiss, Schneckenhof, Cranach and Gartenstra\u00dfe. The Schweizer Platz station was the first station in Frankfurt to be completely mined (that is, without an excavation pit), as the construction of the Schweizer Platz did not permit the otherwise usual excavation without endangering the stability of adjacent buildings. Due to the special design \u2013 first the two tubes, then the connection by means of a third tube \u2013 conveys the three-aisled, arched platform hall a sacred impression of space and reminiscent of a Romanesque crypt.The Swiss street, modeled after Paris Boulevard, is the main street of Sachsenhausen with its numerous shops and pubs.North of it, the subway runs under three blocks, the German Museum of Architecture on Museumsufer and then, just west of the Untermain Bridge, the Main, whose underpass was also associated with very particular difficulties (see Tunneling).The subway passes, coming from the Main, the Nice and the Jewish Museum, in order to reach the level of the urban stages, the New Mainzer Stra\u00dfe. This North-Main continuation of the Swiss road is the main axis of the Frankfurt financial district, a worth seeing street canyon. Underneath the peace road branching off here is the subway station Willy-Brandt-Platz (until 1992 Theaterplatz). Its southern exit leads to the same, the northern to the imperial square. On Willy-Brandt-Platz can be changed since 1974 to the trains on the B-line, it is the oldest interchange station of the Frankfurt subway. From 1971 to 1984 he was the southern end point of the A-line. Also can be switched to the on the surface tram routes 11 and 12 here.The route runs from Kaiserplatz through the Kaiserstra\u00dfe and the Ro\u00dfmarkt to the Hauptwache. Here, in the city center of modern Frankfurt, meet the A-line, C-section and the city tunnel of the S-Bahn in the rapid transit node Hauptwache. Below the square is an extensive, in Frankfurt usage called B-level shopping and distribution floor. Below is the four-track community station of the C-line and the S-Bahn, even deeper across \u2013 in the third basement \u2013 finally, the station of the A-line. After opening the Frankfurt subway in 1968, it was until 1971 the southern endpoint of the first Frankfurt subway service, the then A1.From the Hauptwache a relatively short tunnel leads through the Gro\u00dfe Eschenheimer Stra\u00dfe north to the Eschenheimer Tor. When building the U-Bahn station Eschenheimer Tor, it was not only intended to banish public transport but also pedestrians underground to create maximum space on the surface for motor vehicle traffic: the historic square, as early as the early 20th century a large intersection, was to be crossed by passers-by only after the planning of the 1960s by the distribution floor of the station. After a few years, however, ground-level pedestrian crossings were again established.The Eschersheimer Landstra\u00dfe, the main northern arterial road of the city, begins at Eschenheimer Tor. In its first section, it forms the border between the Gr\u00fcnderzeit inner-city districts of Westend and Northrend and is comparatively narrow and winding. Here are three structurally similar subway stations, the stations Gr\u00fcneburgweg, Holzhausenstra\u00dfe and Miquel / Adickesallee.The former station opens the Gr\u00fcneburgweg, a shopping street in the Westend, and the College of Music and Performing Arts. The station Holzhausenstra\u00dfe serves the students of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University on their way to the new Campus Westend in the former I.G. Farben-Haus. At Miquel- / Adickesallee station lies the new police headquarters. During construction of this station, part of a planned motorway tunnel was built as part of the current A 66 (\"Alleentunnel\") including an underground bus stop. This plan was later abandoned, the piece already built since then serves as a pedestrian tunnel.The station Miquel- / Adickesallee has a special feature because it was planned and built as the first station. At 95 meters, platform length is five meters shorter than the rest of the stations because it was sized to the length of a four-car train of the prototype U1, which is significantly shorter than the following model series. This leads to the fact that with trains from four railcars starting from the series U3 the last door of the train comes to a stop in the tunnel. On an extension of the platform has been omitted for cost reasons. Instead, the affected door is locked electronically when such a train approaches Miquel / Adickesallee station. Passengers are notified by an automatic announcement.Originally, it was planned to build the A-line from the city center to Eschersheim in the tunnel. For financial reasons, however, \"only\" the southern section of the tunnel was built and the track north of the Miquelallee led to the surface via a ramp. In the further course the route lies as a special railway body at ground level on the central strip of the Eschersheimer country road and on the western edge of the place Am white stone, with seven railroad crossings for vehicle traffic and ten level crossings for pedestrians. The previously existing tram line to Heddernheim was massively expanded and largely separated from the road.Despite the track on the surface, the stations were built very expensive, until the 1990s, they were only accessible via spacious subterranean distribution bullets. The track tracks were also fenced on both sides; Crossing the road has since been possible for pedestrians only in a few places. The districts Dornbusch and Eschersheim are in fact cut in two halves, the guidance of the subway on the road led to numerous serious accidents with motor vehicles and pedestrians. However, the urban planning and operationally very unsatisfactory situation can not be remedied for the foreseeable future, as an extension of the tunnel is currently considered unfeasible.The Eschersheimer Landstra\u00dfe is an accident focus dar (data, action, response). In many cases, train users also run at red or off the pedestrian crossings to the platforms. From 1968 to 2010, 32 people died there. For years, therefore, leadership in the extended subway tunnel worked to increase security.In the 1960s and 1970s, some underpasses were created to allow pedestrians to safely cross the street. One of them was artistically designed in 1992 by the Frankfurt architect Christoph M\u00e4ckler under the title \"subway underpass\". The underpass is clad with bricks, which results in a different surface appearance depending on the location.The tunnel ramp on Humser Stra\u00dfe is designed so that the route can continue without problems in the tunnel. For this purpose, the ramp was built on steel stilts, which can be removed if necessary. However, this \"provisional\" tunnel end is still in operation today.At the end of the tunnel, follow the stations Dornbusch, Fritz-Tarnow-Stra\u00dfe, H\u00fcgelstra\u00dfe, Lindenbaum and Wei\u00dfer Stein. North of the station Dornbusch branches off to the east from a largely single-track, street-level operating route, which connects the A-line with the U-tram line served by the U5 and the Wagenhalle corner home.In Eschersheim, the line north of the station Steiner Stein first crosses the terrain cut, in which the Main-Weser-Bahn (S-Bahn service S6) runs, and then on the Maybach bridge on the Nidda to Heddernheimer shore sink. The metro route is run as a single bridge between the two lanes of the road, so that they can switch from the middle to the side position on the Heddernheimer side under the northern directional lane as an independent railway body. The following station Heddernheim is located at ground level north of the road. The station is three-pronged, because it is the terminus for individual trains. Immediately to the west of the station is the depot Heddernheim, where the vehicles of the A-line are located.During the construction of the tunnels for subway line A, different methods were used over the years. The easiest way was the construction of the section in the northwest city, since here the subway line had been taken into account as planned and was built together with the other buildings. The first phase of construction (Alleenring Hauptwache) and its later extension to Theaterplatz (now Willy-Brandt-Platz) were still completely open-plan. For this purpose, a correspondingly deep excavation pit was dug and secured with the aid of numerous steel girders and screed walls driven into the ground (Berliner Verbau).The Main underpass required new techniques for the first time. It came up with the idea to freeze the environment of the tunnel to be created. However, there were significant problems due to strong groundwater currents. Likewise, the exploitation of the ice did not proceed as planned after the tunnel was built, causing it to deform due to the high pressure.In the Sachsenhausen area, although the S\u00fcdbahnhof could again be built in an open design, but it had to be demolished for the station hall of the South Station. In the area of Schweizer Stra\u00dfe and Schweizer Platz, the use of an open construction method was impossible because of the narrow development. Here, once on the Line A, a whole station had to be mined by the Schweizer Platz station. In some areas, groundwater had to be ground-sealed with groundwater-neutral chemicals before construction began, as some of the foundations of houses were too close to the plants to be constructed. Initially, the two tubes, in which the track is located, were connected with a third tube in the station area. The northern exit is made by a cross-tube also made by mining.Due to the forced abandonment of an open construction method, other tunnel construction techniques such as shield tunneling and the new Austrian tunnel construction method were used alongside the icing for the first time on the Line A.A designation from the construction planning and time of the tunnel has survived to this day: the \"B-level\". The different levels were designated in the plans with letters (ground surface A, first basement B, etc.), according to plan the Line A of the subway at Hauptwache reverses in the D-level, the S-Bahn and the Line C. Line of the subway (U6, U7) in the C-plane. While the other names, with the exception of the buttons of the subsequently installed elevators, have disappeared, the term \"B-level\" has remained in common usage until today.The Line A can be divided into five sections, which are used by the four services U1, U2, U3 and U8. All services start at the S\u00fcdbahnhof and use the common inner-city trunk line to Heddernheim. Here, the track divides into four branches that run over the northwest city to Ginnheim (U1), over Bonames and Nieder-Eschbach to Gonzenheim (U2), Oberursel to Hohemark (U3) and since 2010 via a connecting link to Riedberg (U8), Basically, this is a single route that branches into three branches in the northern outskirts with a connection between the middle and the eastern branch.The U1 operates as the oldest Frankfurt subway service since 1968, until 1978 under the name \"A1\". The U2 to Bad Homburg wore from 1910 to 1971 as the overland tram of the Frankfurt local train route number 25, then she operated until 1978 as the subway service \"A2\". The Oberurseler route, today driven by line U3, operated from 1910 to 1971 as tram route 24, then until 1978 as subway service \"A3\". In addition, operated from 1910 to 1971 on the Homburger branch a reinforcing route 23 from the city to Bonames, from 1971 to 1978 as \"A4\". Since the end of 2010, the new U8 service connects the district of Riedberg with the city center.Due to the forced abandonment of an open construction method, other tunnel construction techniques such as shield tunneling and the new Austrian tunnel construction method were used alongside the icing for the first time on the A line.A designation from the construction planning and time of the tunnel has survived to this day: the \"B-level\". The different levels were designated in the plans with letters (ground surface A, first basement B, etc.), according to plan the A-line of the subway at Hauptwache reverses in the D-level; the S-Bahn and the C-line of the subway (U6, U7) in the C-level. While the other names, with the exception of the buttons of the subsequently installed elevators, have disappeared, the term \"B-level\" has remained in common usage until today.Officially, the line A is not subdivided according to the route, but according to construction sections. The sections of the trunk line are numbered with Roman numerals. The connection routes have Arabic numbers, whereby the distance to the Riedberg officially belongs to the D-distance.The U1 is a service on the Frankfurt U-Bahn . When the service was introduced in 1968, it ran from the south railway station to the Hauptwache and then continued along the Eschersheimer Landstrasse all the way up to Heddernheim and then continued to their terminus in Ginnheim .The branch from Heddernheim to Ginnheim is also served by the U1 and between the Heddernheimer Landstra\u00dfe and Ginnheim stations by the U9 belonging to the D-line. In contrast to the two branches of the U2 and U3 services, this section was rebuilt from the start as a subway, while the other two emerged from overland trams. It was part of the first Frankfurt subway line, which led from 1968 from the Hauptwache in the early 1960s built large housing estate northwest city.The route of the U1 branches off at the Heddernheimer Station Zeilweg from the Oberurseler route to the south, where it meets with the Riedberg coming section of the route. It runs some 100 meters east parallel to Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe, a city highway, which owes its existence as the U1 the connection of the northwest city. On the interrupted by the highway Heddernheimer highway is the same metro station. It opens up the northern part of the large housing estate, the quarter \"Wiesenau\". The station was heavily drawn to its completed in April 2010 renovation by decades of vandalism.Immediately on the southern platform of the train begins the subway tunnel under the northwest city. At first, it passes under Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe at an acute angle and leads underground to the subway station Nordwestzentrum. The northwestern center was originally not designed as a closed shopping mall, but as the center of the northwest city, and in addition to numerous shops also included many social facilities and a campus of the University of Applied Sciences Frankfurt. The current operator, who even took care of the refurbishment of the subway station, turned the northwest center into a large shopping center, and today its catchment area extends far beyond the northwest city. In addition to the subway station, there is also a bus station in the northwest center, which is located within the building complex.South of the station, the tunnel swings back to the axis of Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe and ends after about 600 meters on the median strip of the city highway. Directly at the exit of the tunnel is the subway station R\u00f6merstadt, named after the settlement R\u00f6merstadt, built by Ernst May on the site of the ancient city of Nida. South of the Hadrianstra\u00dfe the Stadtbahn passes over a concrete area, which is partly used as a parking lot. From here begins a path that leads from the subway station to the nearby Niddapark. The railway bridge also moves closer to the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe, as it has to pass a former air raid shelter there. After the bunker ends, the bridge and the light rail lead together with the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe on a railway embankment.On the railway embankment there is a turning facility between the railway tracks to Ginnheim. The western track is 155 meters long, so here six railcars can be parked in a row. The eastern track is only 105 meters long and thus designed for only four railcars. Here, mainly individual courses of the U1 service are parked, which are no longer needed in the late hours. The turning system is normally no longer used for turning after the extension to Ginnheim, with the exception of two cases: on the one hand in the section R\u00f6merstadt \u2192 Ginnheim, on the other hand if the U3 the section Wiesenau \u2192 Heddernheim can not use. Behind the turning plant ends the earth dam and the metropolitan railway passes on a bridge the Nidda. The bridge also spans the south of the Nidda lying street \"Am Ginnheimer grove\", which then flows onto the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe.Now the light rail is again on a railway embankment along with the Rosa-Luxembourg-road through the Niddapark. The route runs through the Niddapark, a public park created after the 1989 Federal Garden Show. The then built station, which lies on the edge of the railway embankment, opens up the park. Due to the low passenger usage in the evenings and lack of social control, the station, afflicted by countless vandals, today offers a sad image. Originally there was a lift at Niddapark station that led from the road to the distributor level, as well as two inclined lifts leading to the platforms. Due to strong vandalism damage, the elevators were shut down in the 1990s.The city highway then crosses the Main-Weser-Bahn and the district Ginnheim, the elevated railway thread here to the south and finally reaches its ground-level terminus Ginnheim. It is also the terminus of the coming from the south tram route 16, which meets here with the U1 and the U9 and shares a five-track community station. From the mezzanine of the Niddapark metro station, you can reach a footpath that leads along the metro to Ginnheim. The entire section from the R\u00f6merstadt train station to Ginnheim is the only section of the surface completely developed according to metro criteria.The U2 is a service on the Frankfurt U-Bahn . At the time of the service's inauguration in 1968, it ran from the south railway station to the Hauptwache and then continued along the Eschersheimer Landstrasse all the way up to Heddernheim and then continued to their terminus in Bad Homburg .The leading to Gonzenheim, driven by the U2 Streckenast is older than the Frankfurt subway. He emerged from an overland section of the Frankfurt local railway, which connected Heddernheim and Bad Homburg since 1910. Bad Homburg also had from 1899 to 1935 its own tram network, which was connected via the local railway with the Frankfurt network. The local railway used in Frankfurt and Homburg along the street-level tracks of urban trams, the intermediate part was traced in the manner of a railroad independent of the road network. The local railway lines were actually not licensed as a tram, but as a small train.The former Homburger Lokalbahn line used today by the U2 begins at Heddernheim station with the aforementioned depot and turns north. On the edge of the former factory premises of the 1982 closed United German metal works the route leads along the Olof-Palme-Stra\u00dfe to the north. The stations Sandelm\u00fchle and Riedwiese open up here since 1987 as Mertonviertel residential and commercial area. At Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe, the route swings in an easterly direction, crosses below the Riedberg A 661 and then runs through undeveloped terrain. There it meets with the route of the U9 to the Riedberg and leads up to the quarter Bonames, in which the stations Kalbach and Bonames middle lie.After the railroad crossing Homburger Landstra\u00dfe immediately after the station Bonames Mitte lies on the right hand side the Friedrich-Fauldrath-Anlage, which is a relic of the former tram turning loop. Then the route follows for a short stretch of Steinernen Stra\u00dfe, a historic main street from Mainz into the Wetterau, and then turns towards Nieder-Eschbach, the last district before the city limits. Nieder-Eschbach has a turning facility and since its conversion to automatic operation has been the terminus for a number of trains, as only one in two trains runs to Gonzenheim in the slower traffic times.Between Nieder-Eschbach and Ober-Eschbach, the route crosses the A5, which follows here approximately the city boundary between Frankfurt and Bad Homburg. Around the station Ober-Eschbach emerged in recent years, a densified residential area, which exploits the convenient transport links. The following station Gonzenheim has been the terminus of the Homburger line since the changeover to subway operation. The formerly from here in the Homburg city center continuing tram line led through narrow city streets, in which a subway operation on the surface was not possible. The terminus is one of the many long-term temporaries of the Frankfurt subway, because since its commissioning in 1971 is planned to extend the U2. This is partly due to objections from the residents, partly due to concerns of the FVV because of parallel traffic; A tour of the tunnel was opposed by the high construction and operating costs.Since 2012 the planning approval procedure for the further construction runs. The new route is to begin about 200 meters before today's final stop with a ramp to which a 350-meter long single-track tunnel between the portals Erlenweg and Gotenstra\u00dfe connects. The Gonzenheim stop will be moved 200 meters to the west and lie in a low position in the future. At the western end of the tunnel will pass under the Homburger Bahn in a tight turn. West of the railway crossing, the route climbs in a trough structure, crosses the Dornbach and the Lange Meile and then runs parallel to the railway to the station Bad Homburg, where the U2 will end at track 301. The entire new line is 1646 meters long, of which 550 meters single trackThe U3 is a service on the Frankfurt U-Bahn . At the time of the services's inauguration in 1968, it ran from the south railway station to the Hauptwache and then continued along the Eschersheimer Landstrasse all the way up to Heddernheim and then continued to their terminus in Oberursel .The U3 has also begun running from the Frankfurt tunnel. The connection between Heddernheim and the state station, Oberursel, at the Homburger course was opened in 1910. The mountain railway, beginning from the stationo Oberursel began in 1899. Both routes are today, after numerous modifications, are part of Frankfurt U-Bahn.The Oberurseler stretch leads from the railway station Heddernheim in a westerly direction. After about one kilometer, the line used by the U1 opened in 1968 branches off to the south. The railway, formerly used by industrial areas and undeveloped terrain, today leads through a residential area that originated as part of the Merton area in the early 1990s. Near the station Zeilweg is a well-known kindergarten designed by the Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The railway crosses the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stra\u00dfe and follows the valley of the Urselbach. Here are the stations Wiesenau and Niederursel. After the Niederursel station, the route branches off the U8 and U9 to Riedberg. After that, it passes under the A 5 and follows in a lateral position to the side of the Frankfurter Landstra\u00dfe. At the junction of Kurmainzer Stra\u00dfe is the station Wei\u00dfkirchen East, which is already on Oberurseler urban area, at the confluence of the Bommersheimer Str", ["2_496"]] [20497, "Jemeel Moondoc (August 5, 1946 \u2013 August 29, 2021) was a jazz saxophonist who played alto saxophone . He was a proponent of a highly improvisational style. He was born in Chicago , Illinois , United States, and studied clarinet and piano before settling on saxophone at sixteen. He became interested in jazz largely due to Cecil Taylor and at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , he was a student of Taylor's. After that he moved to New York City , where he founded \"Ensemble Muntu\" with William Parker , Roy Campbell, Jr. , and Rashid Bakr . The group also had its own Muntu record label, but eventually faced financial difficulties. In 1984, he formed the Jus Grew Orchestra, which secured a residency at the Neither/Nor club in the Lower East Side . He worked with Parker again in 1998's album, New World Pygmies . He died in August 2021, at the age of 75 from the effects of sickle cell anemia . ", ["2_497"]] [20498, "Charles Blanchard \"Babe\" Carter (May 10, 1880 \u2013 April 6, 1927) was an American football player, lawyer and politician. He was the starting right guard on the University of Michigan 's 1902 and 1904 \"Point-a-Minute\" football teams that compiled a record of 21\u20130 and outscored opponents 1,211 to 34. He was a lawyer in Maine and also served in the Maine Senate . Carter was born in Auburn, Maine , and attended the Webster Grammar School and Edward Little High School . He attended Brown University as an undergraduate and played two years of college football for the Brown Bears football team. In 1902, Carter enrolled at the University of Michigan Law School . He started at the right guard position for Fielding H. Yost 's renowned 1902 and 1904 \"Point-a-Minute\" football teams that compiled a record of 21\u20130 and outscored opponents 1,211 to 34. At 236 pounds, Carter was by far the largest player on Yost's \"Point-a-Minute\" team and was known by the nickname \"Babe\" Carter. A profile of Carter in the university's 1903 yearbook noted: \"'Those who know' at Michigan designate Charles B. Carter as one of the fastest big men who ever appeared on a Western gridiron. ... His wonderful handling of his massive frame, his agility and his nerve was astonishing.\" Despite his size and playing as a lineman, Carter scored six touchdowns for the 1904 team.Carter was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin County, Maine , in February 1907. He maintained a law practice in Lewiston, Maine , from 1907 until his death in 1927. He became general counsel to the Great Northern Paper Company and as counsel for the Maine Central Railroad . He handled a number of jury trials for the Maine Central and also had a large corporation business, representing clients before the state legislature in hydroelectric and storage matters. In 1925, Carter was elected as a Republican to the Maine Senate representing Androscoggin County. As a state senator, Carter was a leader in the effort to prevent hydroelectric companies from exporting surplus power out of Maine. Carter was a delegate to the 1920 Republican National Convention . According to the Lewiston Evening Journal , he was often talked of as a Republican candidate for Governor of Maine in 1928. The paper described Carter as follows:He was socially one of the most delightful friends one ever could have. ... He loved social life and the outdoors. ... Used to books, reading, fine surroundings, he was at home in any surroundings. He had a massive figure, impressive in appearance, powerful in manner and bearing. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, a Mason and a member of the Delta Phi and Delta Chi fraternities. Carter died suddenly of a \"heart block\" in April 1927 after an evening meeting with Governor Owen Brewster at Augusta, Maine ; he was 46. Carter was survived by his wife, the former Clare Scanlan, to whom he was married in 1911. ", ["2_498"]] [20500, "The IBM 610 Auto-Point Computer is one of the first personal computers , in the sense of a computer to be used by one person whose previous experience with computing might only have been with desk calculators. It was controlled interactively by a keyboard . The principal designer of this machine was John Lentz, as part of his work for the Watson Lab at Columbia University . The IBM 610 was introduced in 1957. It was small enough to easily fit in an office; it weighed about 800 pounds (360\u00a0kg). It was designed to be used in a normal office, without any special electrical or air conditioning requirements. It used vacuum tubes , a magnetic drum , and punched paper tape readers and punchers. The input was from a keyboard and output was to an IBM electric typewriter, at eighteen characters per second. It was one of the first computers to be controlled from a keyboard. The term \"auto-point\" referred to the ability to automatically adjust the decimal point in floating-point arithmetic .Its price was $55,000, or it could be rented for $1150 per month ($460 academic). 180 units were made. It was a slow and limited computer, and was generally replaced by the IBM 1620 .", ["2_500"]] [20502, "The McGulpin House is a historic house museum, located in a structure originally built before 1780 and now located at the corner of Fort Street and Market Street on Mackinac Island, Michigan . It is owned, operated, and opened to the public during the summer months by Mackinac Island State Park as part of Historic Downtown Mackinac Island . The McGulpin House is built in a working-class French Canadian style. Its origins are unknown; it has not always stood on its current location. There are two theories about the origins of the building: the house could have been created as a home for the priest of St. Anne's Church or to be a home for people on the island. An analysis of the home's structural timbers indicates that they were hand-sawn with a pit saw , which indicates that the timbers were cut prior to the construction of the Mill Creek sawmill in about 1790. The house's timbers and design style indicate, but do not prove, that the structure was constructed prior to the settlement of Mackinac Island in 1780\u20131781. It is known that several private frontier houses were built in the vicinity of Fort Michilimackinac in the period between 1763 and 1780, which were prosperous years for the fur trade at the Straits of Mackinac . In 1780 Lieutenant Governor Patrick Sinclair , in a move related to the American Revolutionary War , ordered the fur traders and private citizens of the Fort Michilimackinac settlement to move to a fortified village on the southern end of Mackinac Island. The Strait of Mackinac froze solid with ice that winter, and there is documentary evidence that some wooden houses were partly dismantled and carried across the ice to their new island settlement. It is believed that the McGulpin House may have been one of these homes. After the War of 1812 the United States consolidated its political and economic control over Mackinac Island, the fur trade boomed, a title deed registry was opened, and written real estate records began. In 1819, what is now the McGulpin House was purchased by William and Madeline McGulpin, a craftsman baker and his wife. The McGulpins operated a shoreline farm on the Lower Peninsula mainland, near what is now Mackinaw City . The site of their farm was later named McGulpin Point in honor of these pioneer settlers. With local grain in hand, the McGulpins specialized in baking bread and hardtack for the American Fur Company 's establishment on Mackinac Island. The fur company post on Market Street was by far the largest employer at the Straits of Mackinac, and resupplied dozens of fur traders who fanned out over the Upper Great Lakes by birchbark canoe to trap and trade for furs . The McGulpin House was moved to its current location in 1981. It has been opened to the public as a barebones restoration that concentrates on the actual structure of the home at it would have appeared around 1820, shortly after the McGulpins moved in. The McGulpins were a working-class family who would not have possessed a home fitted with many of the furnishings used by more prosperous families in the early American upper class . The McGulpin House can be compared with the nearby Biddle House , an upper-class home.", ["2_502"]] [20503, "Gasselterboerveenschemond ( listen \u24d8 ) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Drenthe . It is a part of the municipality of Aa en Hunze , and lies about 21\u00a0km east of Assen . It is the longest placename of the Netherlands that is written as one word. With 25 characters it is just one character larger than Gasselternijveenschemond , which lies a few kilometres from Gasselterboerveenschemond.The statistical area \"Gasselterboerveenschemond\", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 40. On 18 July 2011 there was a huge fire in the only chicken farm of Gasselterboerveenschemond, in which 170,000 chickens died.This Drenthe location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_503"]] [20504, "Salford Junction ( grid reference SP095901 ) is the canal junction of the Grand Union and Tame Valley Canals with the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal . It is in the north of the administrative city of Birmingham , England and historically marked a tripoint between two divisions of Aston to the south and Erdington to the north. It is directly east of most of the Gravelly Hill Interchange (Spaghetti Junction). With Aston and Bordesley Junctions it forms a circuit, at the heart of Birmingham's thirty-five miles of canals . Salford Junction became a double junction on 14 February 1844 when the Grand Union Canal and Tame Valley Canal joined the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal. Prior to this, the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal crossed the River Tame via a seven-arched aqueduct, each with a span of 18 feet. T & S Element opened boatyards at Salford Bridge in 1932 which soon became the company's head office. Spencer, Abbott and Company owned a boatbuilding yard at the junction too, however traces of these companies no longer exist. A bridge has been recorded as being at this location since 1536 during the reign of King Henry VIII , however it is believed to have existed since 1290. In the document where it is first mentioned, it is named Shrafford Brugge and described as having four arches of stone. \"Shrafford\" is a Saxon word meaning \"the ford by the caves\". The caves were natural, water formed cavities in the face of the nearby Copeley Hill escarpment, which were used as air-raid shelters in World War II and were finally removed upon the construction of Spaghetti Junction. The bridge was to be repaired by the parish of Aston , however, when it was destroyed by Roundhead Parliamentary troops during the English Civil War , reparation costs were charged to the county. The bridge was reconstructed in 1810 to convert the footbridge into a road bridge. It was designed by John Couchman (1771\u20131838), who was paid \u00a33,800 for the work (equivalent to \u00a3341,000 in 2023). The bridge was crossed by a road connecting Birmingham to Lichfield . It was destroyed during the construction of Spaghetti Junction.One of the Birmingham terminations of the Grand Union Canal (originally here named the Birmingham and Warwick Junction Canal) is under the M6 motorway just east of Gravelly Hill Interchange (\"Spaghetti Junction\", M6 Junction 6). Here, at Salford Junction, it meets the end of the Tame Valley Canal and the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal to Birmingham (south) and Tamworth (north-west). Above Salford Junction are the slip roads to Birmingham's busiest motorway junction. Below it are the confluences of the Hockley Brook and River Rea into the River Tame .52\u00b030\u203231\u2033N 1\u00b051\u203233\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 52.5085\u00b0N 1.8591\u00b0W \ufeff / 52.5085; -1.8591", ["2_504"]] [20505, "Pla\u00e7a d'Espanya , also simply known as Espanya , is an interchange complex underneath Pla\u00e7a d'Espanya , in the Barcelona district of Sants-Montju\u00efc , in Catalonia , Spain . It comprises the Barcelona terminus of the Llobregat\u2013Anoia Line and a Barcelona Metro station complex served by lines 1 (L1) and 3 (L3). On the L1, the station is between Hostafrancs and Rocafort , and on the L3 it is between Poble Sec and Tarragona . The Llobregat\u2013Anoia Line station is served by Barcelona Metro line 8 (L8), Baix Llobregat Metro lines S33 , S4 and S8 , and commuter rail lines R5 , R6 , R50 and R60 . The services on the Llobregat\u2013Anoia Line (including the L8) are operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), whilst the L1 and L3 are operated by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). The station opened in 1926, when both the metro line L1 platforms, on the initial section of L1 between Bordeta and Catalunya stations, and the upper level FGC platforms opened. In 1929 the station served the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition held nearby. The metro line L3 platforms were added in 1975, on the then separate line L3b between Paral\u00b7lel and Sants stations. The platforms became served by the L3 proper in 1982, when the L3 and L3b were merged into a single through service. In 1997, two lower-level platforms were added to the FGC part of the station, aligned in anticipation of future eastern extension of the FGC lines. The station complex comprises three sets of platforms, serving three different sets of lines on three different track gauges . All three sets of platforms are connected by pedestrian subways to each other, and to various street entrances in the square and its surrounding streets. The sets of platforms are:The interchange station has the following entrances: ", ["2_505"]] [20506, "Cheap Girls were an American rock band from Lansing , Michigan . The band consisted of brothers Ian Graham (guitar, lead vocals) and Ben Graham (drums, back-up vocals), Jason Draper (Bass) and Adam Aymor (guitar). Formed in 2007, the band quickly began recording and touring, releasing their first album, Find Me a Drink Home in 2008. Together, they released four full-length studio albums. The band toured with bands such as Against Me! , The Gaslight Anthem , The Hold Steady , and The Bouncing Souls across the US and Europe . Their sound was often compared to The Replacements , The Lemonheads , and early Smoking Popes . Brothers Ian and Ben Graham began playing in bands when they were 11 and 13, respectively. Playing local shows and small venues in the Lansing, MI region is how they met Adam, who was playing in a different band at the time. In 2007, after their previous groups disbanded, the three formed Cheap Girls with the idea of creating back-to-basics rock. The band began playing shows and writing the music that would become their first album, Find Me a Drink Home .Their first full-length album, Find Me a Drink Home , was released on April 22, 2008, through Quote Unquote Records . On August 2, 2012, it was announced that future pressings of Find Me a Drink Home and My Roaring 20's would be released by Asian Man Records . They toured the US extensively in support of Find Me a Drink Home , which led to the release of their sophomore album My Roaring 20's via Paper + Plastick on October 9, 2009. Again, their album was followed with tours of the US, as well as Europe, including the United Kingdom. They also played Chicago 's Riot Fest and Gainesville 's The Fest . The exposure landed the band an opening slot with Against Me! when they played a one-off show in Lansing, MI in 2010 while on tour with Silversun Pickups . In February 2011, the band went on a full US tour with Against Me! The band signed to Rise Records for their third LP, Giant Orange , and released the album on February 21, 2012. It debuted at number 49 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart and was supported by a US tour with The Sidekicks. During this time, the band also opened for The Gaslight Anthem, Against Me!, Mustard Plug , and The Bouncing Souls at shows across the US and Europe.In March 2012, Paste Magazine listed Cheap Girls as one of the \"twenty must-see bands at SXSW 2012.\" On January 14, 2013, the band digitally released My Roaring 20's Acoustic through Quote Unquote Records . The album is an acoustic version of their 2009 release, My Roaring 20's and was made available to download for free with an option to donate. All of the donations will go towards paying for Ian Graham's medical bills from a recent knee surgery. On February 5, 2013, the band digitally released BARELY ALIVE in Grand Rapids, Michigan 12/30/12 on their own record label, Business Casual. It is a live performance recorded at The Intersection in Grand Rapids , Michigan on December 30, 2012. On February 19, 2013, the band posted a picture on their Facebook page from a studio in Grand Rapids, MI stating it was \"day one\" of demoing for their next album. In an interview with Lansing's City Pulse published November 21, 2013, the band stated they have been recording and plan to release a new album in the spring of 2014. On January 15, 2014, it was announced that the band had signed to the independent UK -based label Xtra Mile Recordings for a world-wide release of the album. On February 19, 2014, it was announced that the band's next album, Famous Graves , would be released on May 13, 2014. The first single from the album, \"Knock Me Over,\" was made available online the same day.In support of the album, the band toured with Against Me! and The Hold Steady in the spring of 2014. A tour with Andrew Jackson Jihad and Dogbreth then took place in June 2014, followed by another stint with The Hold Steady throughout July and August. The band returned to Europe for a tour with Joyce Manor and Great Cynics in November 2014. Following a spring 2015 tour of the US with Restorations and Chris Farren of Fake Problems , the band posted on Twitter that it was time to write another record. The band released a b-sides and rarities compilation, \"God's Ex-Wife (Selective Rarities 2007\u20132014),\" on September 16, 2016 on Asian Man Records.On January 20, 2017, Cheap Girls announced via their Facebook page that they had broken up. Ian Graham explained the band was a vehicle for exercising his worst personality tendencies, such as substance abuse and manipulating female fans, among others. ", ["2_506"]] [20507, "The Grorud Line ( Norwegian : Grorudbanen ) is a 13.0-kilometer long (8.1\u00a0mi) line on the Oslo Metro between T\u00f8yen and Vestli in Oslo , Norway . Built as a mix of underground, at ground level and as an elevated line, it runs through the northern part of Groruddalen , serving such neighborhoods as Grorud , Roms\u00e5s and Stovner . Line 5 runs along the entire line four times per hour. Line 4 runs between Vestli and \u00d8kern before branching off on the L\u00f8ren Line to get onto the Ring Line . With 40,000 daily riders, the Grorud Line is the busiest branch of the metro. Proposals for an urban railway through the upper parts of Groruddalen were first articulated in public documents in 1919. Planning started in the late 1940s and the line was politically approved in 1954, along with three other metro lines and the Common Tunnel . Construction started in 1956 and was part of a process to transform Groruddalen into a residential area. The first part of the Grorud Line, from T\u00f8yen to Grorud , was opened on 16 October 1966. The rest of the line opened in three stages: to Rommen on 3 March 1974, to Stovner on 18 August and to Vestli on 21 December 1975. The Ring Line connection opened on 22 August 2006 and on 3 April 2013 the L\u00f8ren Line opened, connecting the Grorud Line to the Ring Line.The Grorud Line is a 13.0 kilometers (8.1\u00a0mi) and runs through the northern side of Groruddalen in Oslo. Through the lower section of the line it passes through a mixed residential and commercial area. The Grorud Line branches from the Common Tunnel at T\u00f8yen and continues in a tunnel to Carl Berners plass. At this point there is also a direct, single-track tunnel which allows non-revenue trains access to Ryen Depot . North of Carl Berners plass the Ring Line branches off from the Grorud Line. The latter continues in an S-curve to the neighborhood of Hasle , where it leaves the tunnel and reaches Hasle Station . It continues through a short tunnel under the Alna Line and Ring 3 before reaching \u00d8kern Station . Along this section the L\u00f8ren Line connects to the Grorud Line. The line continues past Risl\u00f8kka Station parallel to \u00d8stre Aker vei. It continues past Vollebekk Station and Linderud , after which the character of the area changes to residential. The line crosses over to run parallel with National Road 4 from Veitvet Station . The line crosses under National Road 4 and continues past R\u00f8dtvet Station and Kalbakken Station . The line then enters a tunnel which it leaves before reaching Ammerud Station . Next the line reaches Grorud Station and immediately afterwards enters a tunnel. Roms\u00e5s Station is located within the tunnel, which ends just before reaching Rommen Station . The line continues at ground level until just before Stovner Station , at which time it enters a 1,340-meter (4,400\u00a0ft) tunnel. The line continues in this tunnel until reaching the terminus of Vestli Station . The Grorud line is served by lines 4 and 5 of the Oslo Metro, both lines running four times per hour. All have reduced services during late evenings and parts of the weekends. Line 5 runs the entire section of the Grorud Line, while line 4 runs between Vestli and \u00d8kern before branching off on the L\u00f8ren Line and Ring Line . The two lines use the same amount of time to reach Majorstuen. For journeys to the central stations between T\u00f8yen and Nationaltheateret, line 5 is quicker. For journeys to the stations between Blindern and Sinsen, line 4 is quicker.Operations of the lines are done by Sporveien T-banen on contract with Ruter, the public transport authority in Oslo and Akershus . The infrastructure itself is owned by Sporveien , a municipal company. Service is provided using MX3000 three- and six-car trains. The line has 40,000 daily passengers, making it the busiest branch of the metro. Travel time along the line, from T\u00f8yen to Vestli, is 23 minutes. Travel time from Vestli to Stortinget in the city center is 27 minutes. Transfer to Ruter buses are available at T\u00f8yen, Carl Berners plass, Hasle, \u00d8kern, Linderud, Ammerud, Grorud and Stovner. Transfer to the Sinsen Line of the Oslo Tramway is available at Carl Berners plass. The first proposals for a line in the upper part of Groruddalen came as part of a 1917 competition issued by Christiana (later Oslo) and Aker Municipality to plan a new rail transport plan for the capital area. The winning design, made by J\u00f8rgen Barth, included a series of suburban lines, including one in the northern Groruddaen (contemporary known as Akerdalen). This resulted in a municipal urban rail plan that was passed in 1919. It proposed a somewhat different routing, with the Ring Line running via Grefsen and the Grorud Line running via Ensj\u00f8 . Other lines were prioritized first, but from the mid 1930s lines through Groruddalen were again considered. A report was published in 1937, but all work was placed on hold following the German occupation of Norway in 1940. Work on the plans resumed in 1946. The new committee quickly concluded that an increase in the magnitude of the suburban lines was needed. An overground system was ruled out because of the increased estimates in traffic and an underground route was instead pursued. This part of the line would need to handle a traffic of 20,000 passengers per hour. At this time the Grorud Line was proposed as a branch of the \u00d8stensj\u00f8 Line , which would divert at Etterstad . The municipalities of Oslo and Aker merged in 1948. Preliminary work on the line planning concluded in 1949 and instead a permanent municipal agency was established, the Planning Office For the Suburban and Underground Lines, on 15 September 1949. Instrumental in the change of magnitude was the change of was a shift in the zoning planning. There was a large housing shortage in Oslo and the region was experiencing rapid population growth. The solution was to build a series of commuter towns in Aker, which would be the basis for the traffic on the metro. Plans for both a metro and new housing were substantiated in a 1950 municipal plan. The basics for the metro were established in 1951, with a common segment through Enerhaugen with a terminus at Gr\u00f8nlands torg , to avoid having to cross Akerselva . The plans were made such that in the future the line could be extended to connect to Holmenkolbanen 's western underground line at Nationalthatret . Four branches would be built, including the Grorud Line; the existing \u00d8stensj\u00f8 Line would be converted to metro. The Lambertseter Line was politically approved on 3 April 1952 and the full four-line network was approved on 9 December 1954. The latter included moving the terminus to Jernbanetorget . Investments were estimated at 221 million Norwegian krone , including rolling stock. Construction of the Grorud Line started in February 1956. Landwork and electrical equipment was contracted to developers, while the trackage was done by the Planning Office. The original plans called for the use of 600 to 650 volt (V) direct current (DC) fed via a pantograph , to allow comparability with the western light rail. This was later changed to 750\u00a0V DC via a third rail . This was chosen to allow a higher diameter, and thus a higher ampere , and easier maintenance. The system also took into use cab signaling and moving blocks , which were cutting edge technology at the time, and had only been implemented on the Stockholm Metro in Europe by then. While the permitted headway on the common sections was set to 90 seconds, it was set to 120 seconds on the Grorud Line. The original plans called for a depot on each of the lines, including the Grorud Line, but this was later changed to a central depot at Ryen . Stations were originally planned to be barrier-free and that the operator would employee conductors on board, similar to what was done of the tramway. This was however abandoned in 1958 and instead the stations were \"closed\" and ticket stands were installed at each station. The decision to allow Oslo Sporveier at the line's operator was taken in 1960. The first parts of construction started in February 1956 at R\u00f8dtvet. Most of the earthwork was concluded by early 1964 on the 6.7 kilometers (4.2\u00a0mi) section from Hasle to Grorud. This included building a 37-million-kroner tunnel under Ring 3 and the Alna Line. The construction of the Grorud Line ran parallel with a large-scale residential construction along the line, especially on the upper sections. Commuter towns with a mix of row housing, condominiums and high-rises were built along the line, often concentrating close to the stations. Some also received small shopping centers. The Grorud Line was originally planned as the inaugural part of the metro, as it was the line which would receive the most traffic. However, lack of sufficient personnel and technical difficulties caused a last-minute shift in these plans and instead the Lambertseter Line opened on 22 May 1966. Opening of the Grorud Line from T\u00f8yen to Grorud was therefore delayed until 16 November 1966. The line took into use T1000 trains which could be up to six cars long. Originally the service terminated at Jernbanetorget in the city center, in addition to a service which ran via the branch from Carl Berners plass to the Lambertseter Line, and terminated at Ryen . The line was extended three during the 1970s, when new residential areas further northeast in the valley were completed. The first extension opened on 3 March 1974 from grorud to Rommen. Most of this ran through a tunnel, including Roms\u00e5s Station. However, that station was not completed and for the expansion only Rommen was taken into use. The second extension took place on 18 August, with the tunnel from Rommen to Stovner. On the same date Roms\u00e5s State opened. The final opening took place on 21 December 1975 when the tunnel past Stovener was extended to Vestli. On 9 January 1977, the city center service was extended to Sentrum . However, this station was closed from 20 March 1983 to 7 March 1987, and reopened as Stortinget. During the last years of the 1980s the barres and payment stalls were removed and replaced with a proof-of-payment system. This unmanning of the station allowed for a significant cut in operating costs. From 8 April 1995, the trains on the Grorud Line continued all the way through the Common Tunnel to Blindern on the Sognsvann Line , which serves the main campus of the University of Oslo . Line 5 had its western terminus extended to Storo on 20 August 2003, when the first part of the Ring Line opened. In on 17 July 2004, during construction of the Ring Line, part of the tunnel collapsed, causing the Grorud Line to be closed for six months and 40,000 daily passengers had to be bussed around the accident site. The Ring Line was opened from Carl Berners plass to Sinsen on 22 August 2006, and the section from T\u00f8yen to Carl Berners plass started being served by lines 4 and 6. The metro system started taking delivery of the new MX3000 units in 2007, which would replace the old stock. From 18 August 2008, the line's frequency on Line 5 was increased from four to eight trains per hour, although the extra trains terminate at Stortinget. By 2010, all T1000 stock had been retired. From 9 December 2012 the Grorud Line has been connected with the R\u00f8a Line in the west. Meanwhile, all services on Line 5 were extended to R\u00f8a instead of half terminating at Stortinget. Construction of the 1.6 kilometers (0.99\u00a0mi) L\u00f8ren Line began in June 2013. It was scheduled for completion in October 2015 and it was opened in 2016. As part of the project three stations, Roms\u00e5s, Stovner and Vestli, were to receive upgrades. The work involved closing the Grorud Line's southern portion between September and December 2013. Financed through Oslo Package 3 and budgeted to cost 600 million krone, the project will include the new L\u00f8ren Station . Line 3, which terminates at Storo will be extended to the Grorud Line. It will increase the east\u2013west capacity through the metro system without having to expand the Common Tunnel. Ruter has also proposed building a connection with the Furuset Line, between Furuset and \u00d8kern. Trains running on the line will connect to the Ring Line via the L\u00f8ren Line. Other proposals involve extending the line to Slattum in Nittedal . In the western end of the Grorudalen, a branch from Stovner has been proposed to connect to the Furuset Line. It would have new stations at \u00d8vre Stovner, L\u00f8renskog Station of the Trunk Line and the Oslo Commuter Rail , and Visperud . Visperud has also been proposed as a location for a park and ride for between 500 and 2,000 cars, as it is located on National Road 159 and European Route E6 . Part of the rationale is to serve the new suburb of Sk\u00e5rer\u00f8dg\u00e5rden , which is planned with 1,200 new houses, located within the catchment area of L\u00f8renskog Station. The line would run entirely underground. The cost of building the 4.8 kilometers (3.0\u00a0mi) from Ellingsrud\u00e5sen to Stovner is estimated at NOK\u00a02.4 billion. Independent of the northern extension, is a branch from the Furuset Line to a point on the Grorud Line. The plan is to build a new line from \u00d8kern via Breivoll , where there would be an interchange with the Trunk Line, to Trosterud Station on the Furuset Line. Such a cross connection will allow both interconnection between the lower levels of the Grorud Line and the Furuset Line, and at the same time give access from the Furuset Line to the Ring Line. In addition to this, the plans call for a parallel line to the Furuset Line to run through the lower parts of Grurudalen, between the Furuset Line and the Trunk Line. This line could either connect to the Furuset Line at Furuset, or run across the valley, via Grorud Station on the Trunk Line, and connect to the Grorud Line at Rommen. ", ["2_507"]] [20508, "Oosterboschite is a rare selenide mineral with the formula ( Pd , Cu ) 7 Se 5 . It crystallises in the orthorhombic crystal system . It has a creamy yellow colour and a Moh's hardness of 5. It is often found as grains with no clear shape. The crystals are opaque and often no bigger than 0.4\u00a0mm. The mineral was approved by the IMA in 1970, after being discovered in the Musonoi Cu\u2013Co mine, near Kolwezi , Katanga Province , Congo . It was later also discovered at the Copper Hills prospect, East Pilbara , Australia , and at Hope\u2019s Nose, Torquay , Devon , England . It is often found in the oxidation zones of the mines, together with verbeekite , trogtalite , selenian digenite , covellite , gold , and chrisstanleyite . It was named after Robert Oosterbosch, a Belgian mining engineer that was very active in the Katanga region, where the type locality is also located. ", ["2_508"]] [20510, "The Arunc\u0103tor de grenade 40\u00a0mm ( AG-40 ) is a rifle -mounted 40\u00a0mm grenade launcher . It is mounted as a lower handguard for a Kalashnikov pattern rifle. The AG-40 is currently used on the 5.45mm PA md. 86 standard assault rifle , in Romanian service. It replaced the older GP-25 Soviet -pattern grenade launcher. The AG-40 grenade launcher is manufactured by ROMARM SA and has the following technical specifications: This article about the military of Romania is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This firearms -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_510"]] [20513, "Palagru\u017ea ( pronounced [pal\u01ce\u0261ru\u02d0\u0292a] ; Italian : Pelagosa ) is a small Croatian archipelago in the middle of the Adriatic Sea . It is uninhabited, except by lighthouse staff and occasional summer tourists. Palagru\u017ea can be reached only by a chartered motorboat, requiring a journey of several hours from nearby islands like Lastovo, Kor\u010dula , or Vis . It is administratively part of the municipality of Komi\u017ea . The place is known in Italian as Pelagosa , derived from Ancient Greek Pelagousae ( \u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 , 'sea'). This is the source of the current Croatian name, as well as of the name of pelagosite . Gru\u017e also means 'ballast' in Croatian, and the term is therefore well known in two ways to seafarers. The islands are also associated with the Greek mythology Diomedia or Islands of Diomedes .On the highest point of the main island is a lighthouse. Palagru\u017ea is surrounded by dangerous waters, and landing can be difficult. It is uninhabited, except by lighthouse staff and by summer tourists who occupy two units of residential accommodation . There is one beach of golden sand. The lighthouse is also the site of a meteorological station. Other important islands in this archipelago are Mala Palagru\u017ea ( Italian : Pelagosa Piccola ), Galijula ( Italian : Caiola ) and Kamik od Tramuntane ( Italian : Sasso di Tramontana )Palagru\u017ea consists of one larger island, called Vela or Velika ('Great') Palagru\u017ea, and a smaller one, Mala ('Little') Palagru\u017ea, as well as a dozen nearby rocks and reefs composed of dolomite . All the main islets are in the form of steep ridges. Vela Palagru\u017ea is some 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) long and 330 metres (1,080 feet) wide. The highest point of the archipelago , on Vela Palagru\u017ea ( Italian : Pelagosa Grande ), is about 90 metres (300 feet) above sea level .The archipelago is 123\u00a0km (76\u00a0mi; 66\u00a0nmi) south of Split on the Croatian mainland, 60\u00a0km (37\u00a0mi; 32\u00a0nmi) south-west of Lastovo , Croatia, and 53\u00a0km (33\u00a0mi; 29\u00a0nmi) north-north-east of the Gargano peninsula in Italy. It is visible from land only from other remote islands of Italy and Croatia. Palagru\u017ea is further south than the mainland peninsula of Prevlaka , making it the southernmost point of Croatia. Velika Palagru\u017ea is an apical part of subsurface geological complex, composed of carbonate, siliciclastic and evaporite rocks of different ages, ranging from Triassic (c. 220 million years ago), through the Miocene (c. 10 million years ago), to Quaternary (recent deposition). Palagru\u017ea has a weather station, established in 1894, which represents a major indicator of weather, especially wind, waves and precipitation on the open Adriatic. Weather conditions on the central Adriatic are dictated by movements of low-pressure area , which causes frequent changes of bora and scirocco (jugo) winds. Annually, Palagru\u017ea Island has 104 days with strong (6-7 Bf ), and 21 days with stormy winds (>8\u00a0Bf). Due to its remote position in the middle of the sea, Palagru\u017ea exhibits more Mediterranean climate features than the Croatian coast. Summers are sunny and dry, while most of the rain falls in winter months. There are 2620 sunshine hours annually (1961\u20131990 average). Annual precipitation level of 304\u00a0mm (12.0\u00a0in) is the lowest of all Croatia. Maritime winds temper air temperatures compared with the mainland, with average summer daily highs of 26.5\u00a0\u00b0C (79.7\u00a0\u00b0F); on the other extreme, winter average daily lows are 8.4\u00a0\u00b0C (47.1\u00a0\u00b0F). Authentic archaeological finds of the Neolithic period have been found on Palagru\u017ea - a small number of early Neolithic Impressed Ware pottery dated to 6th to 4th millennium BCE as well as a larger amount of Ljubljana-Adriatic culture (first half of the 3rd millennium BC) and Cetina culture finds (latter half of the 3rd millennium BC). Human presence artifacts on Palagru\u017ea from the 2nd millennium BC are more rare, but then there are large finds from ancient Greek seafarers, including Late Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. There are also recorded archaeological finds from Late Roman and early medieval periods.Palagru\u017ea is associated with the Island of Diomedes , a location named after the Homeric hero Diomedes , who is reputed to be buried there. Speculation is fueled by the discovery of a painted 6th-century BC Greek potsherd with the name Diomed[es] on it, making a shrine by the Cult of Diomedes on Palagru\u017ea seem plausible.It is recorded that the galley fleet of Pope Alexander III landed on Palagru\u017ea on 9\u00a0March\u00a01177. The archipelago is found on maps from the start of the 14th century , as Pelagosa , Pellegoxa , and Pelogosa . In the 15th and 16th centuries, there was a rise in fishing in the area, making the island the centre of a traditional fishing-ground of the community of Komi\u017ea , island of Vis , Croatia. Following the end of the Republic of Venice , sanctioned by the Treaty of Campo Formio of 1797 between Napoleon and Austria , all the formerly Venetian islands in the Adriatic also went to the latter. In 1806 these islands became part of the Kingdom of Italy, and the Pelagosa, in particular, were the subject of an article in the decree issued by the General Superintendent of Dalmatia, Vincenzo Dandolo , to allow the fishermen of Comisa to use sardellare nets, or \"voighe\", in the surrounding waters. From 1809 to 1815 the islands were formally part of the Illyrian Provinces of the French Empire , to then return, with the Congress of Vienna in 1815, under the dominion of Austria, resulting in their being registered in the district of Lissa, circle of Spalato , of the Kingdom of Dalmatia . In some geographical texts of the time the islands of Pelagosa were considered \"Neapolitan\", while others considered them Austrian.There is no evidence that the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ever took concrete action to establish its sovereignty over the Pelagose, while the Austrian authorities continued to exercise it, sending ships and missions aimed at building a lighthouse, in particular in the year 1858 (Pietro Acerboni, embarked on the Austrian ship \u201cCurtatone\u201d and in charge of the lighthouses of the Deputation of the Stock Exchange of Trieste ). In this period the archipelago was not inhabited, except temporarily; reason why - just like nearby Pianos - there are no traces in the civil registry of the district of Serracapriola, to which the Tremiti islands belonged, while it was recorded in the registers of the parish of Comisa, on the island of Lissa, whose inhabitants had built a chapel dedicated to San Michele in the 18th century, later reconstructing it in the first half of the 19th century. The new Kingdom of Italy claimed possession of the islands, planning the construction of a lighthouse, clashing with the opposition of Vienna. After an examination of the documentation, within the framework of the work of a joint Italian and Austro-Hungarian hydrographic commission for the Adriatic, it was recognized that sovereignty belonged to Vienna, as testified by the British consul in Trieste, Richard Francis Burton , who explicitly cited how the Comisani had produced documentation After Italy's entry into the World War I in May 1915, the country's armed forces occupied the islands on 11 July 1915. Italy's Regia Marina submarine Nereide was sunk there on the 5 August 1915 by Austria-Hungary's Imperial and Royal Navy submarine U-5 .The archipelago reverted to Italy between the two World Wars , as part of the Province of Zara (now Zadar , Croatia), and was ceded to Yugoslavia in 1947. Since the break-up of Yugoslavia , it has formed part of the sovereign country of Croatia.Palagru\u017ea sits in the heart of fish-rich seas, including spawning grounds of sardines. It is a nature reserve, and the small amount of vegetation is of the Mediterranean type, for instance oleander (Nerium oleander) and tree spurge ( Euphorbia dendroides ). There are endemic plant species including a type of knapweed, Centaurea friderici Vis. ( Palagru\u0161ka ze\u010dina ). The algae, and their role in the production of the local mineral pelagosite , have been the subject of academic study ( Montanari et al. 2007 ).The distinctive local fauna, including the black lizard now classed as Podarcis melisellenis ssp. fiumana and the related Podarcis sicula ssp. pelagosana ( primorska gu\u0161terica in Croatian), was mentioned first by Babi\u0107 and R\u00f6ssler (1912). There are not many types of creatures on this island but the ones that do live there are bright and colourful.\nSome snakes are venomous but are mostly harmless. The Palagru\u017ea archipelago, along with the islands of Vis , Sveti Andrija and its neighbouring islet of Kamnik, Brusnik , Bi\u0161evo and Jabuka , forms part of the Croatian Offshore Islands Important Bird Area (IBA). This was designated as such by BirdLife International because it supports significant breeding populations of Scopoli's and Yelkouan shearwaters , as well as of Eleonora's falcons . Trinchese, Antonio, 'L'immaginaria vicenda delle isole di Pelagosa \"colonizzate dai Borbone e dimenticate dai Savoia\"', in \"Nuovo Monitore Napoletano\", 14 aprile 2024", ["2_513"]] [20514, "The Peavey\u2013Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator is the world's first known cylindrical concrete grain elevator . It was built from 1899 to 1900 in St. Louis Park, Minnesota , United States, as an experiment to prove the design was viable. It was an improvement on wooden elevators that were continually at risk of catching fire or even exploding. Its cylindrical concrete design became the industry standard in the United States, revolutionizing grain storage practices. After its initial experiments, the Peavey\u2013Haglin Elevator was never again used to store grain. Since the late 1960s it has been maintained on the grounds of the Nordic Ware company and is painted with their name and logo. The Peavey\u2013Haglin Elevator was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, proclaimed a National Historic Landmark in 1981, and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1983. Frank Peavey (1850\u20131901) was a native of Maine who moved to the Midwest as a young man and became a grain merchant . His business was buying grain from farmers and storing it in elevators before delivering it to flour mills. Basing himself in Minneapolis in 1881, he became known as the \"Elevator King\", owning elevators across Minnesota and Iowa and expanding into the Dakotas. However the wooden elevators of the day were quite vulnerable to fire, as they were built of flammable material, filled with volatile grain dust, and usually stood next to railroad tracks with their spark-spewing locomotives. Numerous elevator fires were causing insurance rates to skyrocket. Peavey was convinced that new construction methods could produce a large, fireproof grain elevator. He hired Charles F. Haglin (1849\u20131921), a local civil engineer , to work on the problem with him. They quickly recognized the promise of reinforced concrete , a recent innovation popularized in the 1880s. Even though other engineers argued that their design would explode when filled or crack when emptied, Peavey and Haglin proceeded with their plan for a cylindrical concrete structure. Construction began in the summer of 1899. Skeptics dubbed it \"Peavey's Folly\". Haglin built a section of round formwork braced with steel hoops. Concrete was poured in and given time to harden, at which point the framework was removed and reassembled above to produce the next section. In this manner the elevator was built up to a height of 68 feet (21\u00a0m). The interior diameter was 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m), while the walls tapered from 12 inches (30\u00a0cm) thick at the base to 8 inches (20\u00a0cm) at the top. By fall the elevator was ready, and Peavey had it filled with grain. The form held and the grain was left to see how it would fare over the winter. While they waited, Peavey dispatched Haglin to Europe to investigate reports of reinforced concrete elevators there. Haglin was accompanied by his young son Eddie and Peavey's son-in-law Frank Heffelfinger. From January to March 1900 they toured grain facilities and met with experts in London , Hamburg , Braunschweig , Copenhagen , Budapest , Br\u0103ila , Gala\u021bi , Bucharest , Vienna , and Paris . They found some elevators of concrete, but all were rectangular or hexagonal, and most were atop steel or wood bins. Others were built of brick or mortared stone. Upon his return to Minneapolis, Haglin reported that their European counterparts were no more advanced on the issue than Americans. In spring 1900 it was time to empty the experimental elevator. A crowd gathered, but kept their distance, still expecting some kind of catastrophe. Haglin had faith in his structure, however, and stood right at its foot to pull the lever and allow the grain to pour out into an adjacent pit. The elevator stayed perfectly intact and the crowd began cheering. Haglin went on to increase the height of the elevator to 125 feet (38\u00a0m) for a few further experiments. After those proved successful as well, the elevator prototype never held grain again. Peavey immediately commissioned Haglin to build a grain elevator complex in Duluth . Widely publicized, Peavey and Haglin's cylindrical concrete design was quickly adopted throughout the American Midwest. While traditional wooden elevators, usually clad with metal siding, remained common for storage near farms, the new design sprang up at shipping centers, revolutionizing the grain storage industry. Grain elevators, usually the tallest structure on the flat Midwestern landscape, became a symbol of productive agriculture. Frank Peavey didn't live to see his project revolutionize the industry; he died unexpectedly of pneumonia on December 30, 1901. The experimental grain elevator stood unused as various industries came and went around it. In the 1950s the property was owned by Lumber Stores, Inc. and the elevator was painted with their name. Nordic Ware , a cookware company best known for introducing the Bundt cake pan, was founded nearby in 1946 and ultimately purchased the land with the elevator as they expanded their business. In 1969 Nordic Ware discovered that the elevator was deteriorating and in danger of collapsing. Cognizant of the structure's history, the company invested $40,000 in a restoration project. Around this time the elevator was painted with the Nordic Ware advertisement it still bears. The Peavey\u2013Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator now stands near the busy interchange of State Highways 7 and 100 . It overlooks the Nordic Ware factory complex, the Cedar Lake Trail , and Lilac Park.", ["2_514"]] [20515, "Los Guatuzos Wildlife Refuge ( Spanish : Refugio de Vida Silvestre Los Guatuzos ) has an area of 437.5\u00a0km 2 (168.9\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) and is located south of Lake Nicaragua and west of the San Juan River in Nicaragua . Los Guatuzos is a protected area consisting of tropical wetlands , rainforest , and wildlife refuge , it is the only internationally registered tropical wetland area in Nicaragua. The site has been catalogued by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve and belongs to the list of cenagales (wetlands) of international importance of Ramsar Convention . The refuge comprises the Ecological Center of Los Guatuzos , a research center that offers guided visits, excursions and lodging in the park. It also has a butterfly farm, turtle and caiman nursery, and an orchid display of 92 different species. Los Guatuzos is rich in flora and fauna . The number of recorded species of birds living in the wildlife refuge is recorded at over 389, which doesn't include the thousands of migratory birds that frequently visit the refuge. Some of the commonly spotted animals include caimans , crocodiles , jaguars , monkeys and feral pigs. Also present in the refuge are the ancient species of fish, although spotting them is rare. The Atractosteus tropicus , or gaspar, has fangs and a snout that help it consume other species of fish as well as turtles and crabs. With regards to the fauna , 81 species of Amphibians , 136 species of reptile and 42 species of mammals are found in the park.A total of twelve rivers pass through the reserve. A total of 315 species of plants exist including 130 Orchidaceae .", ["2_515"]] [20517, "Archaeologia Cambrensis is a Welsh archaeological and historical scholarly journal published annually by the Cambrian Archaeological Association . [ a ] It contains historical essays, excavation reports, and book reviews, as well as society notes and accounts of field visits. The journal has included \"much valuable material on the manuscripts, genealogy , heraldry , toponymy , folklore and literature of Wales \". \"The journal covers a broad range of multi-disciplinary topics relating to the archaeology and history of Wales and the Marches .\" Article topics range from the earliest prehistoric discoveries to the industrial archaeology and landscape history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Occasionally, and particularly in the earlier years, articles have been published on the archaeology of other Celtic lands ( Brittany , Cornwall , the Isle of Man , Scotland and Ireland ). In the 19th century, articles tended to concentrate on prehistoric monuments (particularly cromlechs , chambered tombs and hill-forts ), Roman sites, inscribed stones and other discoveries of the Early Middle Ages , and the architecture of medieval Wales , especially of churches, castles, and monasteries. The range of opinion presented in the 19th century volumes also serves as a source of evidence for historians of the period. As the 20th century progressed, and into the 21st century, the journal has carried longer articles on excavations and field surveys in Wales. Many of these articles have been grant-aided by Cadw . The journal has also carried more synoptic articles treating particular topics in greater depth; for example, the 2005 themed issue largely devoted to the Cistercians . Domestic architecture figures prominently, ranging from stately homes to the vernacular architecture of the Welsh countryside, as does the landscape of parks and gardens . The evolution of towns and the development of urban archaeology in Wales are also covered. The journal has been published in multiple series with inconsistent volume numbering. Many volumes have been digitized by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales . Indexes of the journal for 1846\u20131900, 1901\u20131960, 1961\u20131980, and 1981\u20132000 have also been published. Later volumes each contain their own index. The journal is indexed in IBZ Online , Periodicals Index Online, L'Ann\u00e9e philologique , International Bibliography of Art, and Archaeology Data Service . (Dates are volume years. Sources: ADS, NLW, Archaeol. Cambrensis Indexes )", ["2_517"]] [20518, "Scott Blumstein (born March 27, 1992) is an American poker player from Morristown, New Jersey . In 2017 , he won the World Series of Poker Main Event for $8,150,000. Blumstein graduated from Temple University with an accounting degree before becoming a professional poker player. Prior to the Main Event, his largest career cash came in a preliminary event at the Borgata Summer Poker Open in July 2016, where he earned $199,854. He also has three cashes on the WSOP Circuit. Online, he has nearly $150,000 in total career winnings. At the 2017 Main Event , Blumstein prevailed over a field of 7,221 players, the third-largest in history at the time. He entered the final table as chip leader and defeated Dan Ott on the 246th hand and 65th of heads-up play when his A \u2665 2 \u2666 overcame Ott's A \u2666 8 \u2666 with a deuce on the river. As of 2019, Blumstein's career tournament winnings exceed $8,500,000. ", ["2_518"]] [20520, "The Carolina Marsh Tacky or Marsh Tacky is a critically endangered breed of horse , native to South Carolina . It is a member of the Colonial Spanish group of horse breeds, which also include the Florida Cracker Horse and the Banker horse of North Carolina . It is a small horse, well-adapted for use in the lowland swamps of its native South Carolina. The Marsh Tacky developed from Spanish horses brought to the South Carolina coast by Spanish explorers, settlers and traders as early as the 16th century. The horses were used by the colonists during the American Revolution , and by settlers for farm work, herding cattle and hunting throughout the breed's history. The breed is considered to be critically endangered by both the Livestock Conservancy and the Equus Survival Trust , and there are only around 400 Marsh Tackies in existence today. In 2006 and 2007, the two organizations worked together to complete DNA testing on the breed, with the goals of mapping the Marsh Tacky's place among other horse breeds , and starting a stud book. In 2007, an association was begun with the objective of preserving and promoting the Marsh Tacky; and in 2010, a closed stud book was created.On June 11, 2010, a bill was signed into law that made the Carolina Marsh Tacky the official state horse of South Carolina . The Marsh Tacky generally stands between 14 and 14.2 hands (56 and 58\u00a0inches, 142 and 147\u00a0cm) high, although the acceptable range is between 13 and 15 hands (52 and 60\u00a0inches, 132 and 152\u00a0cm) high. Today, the breed comes in a wide variety of colors, including dun , bay , roan , chestnut , black and grullo . Historically, multi-colored patterns such as pinto were found, but they were not selected for when breeding, and today are not seen. The colors today are consistent with those of other Colonial Spanish horses . The profile of the breed's head is usually flat or somewhat concave, becoming slightly convex from the nasal region to the top of the muzzle. The forehead is wide and the eyes set well apart. The breed typically has a slight ewe neck , and the neck is attached low on the chest compared to many other breeds. The withers are pronounced, the back short and strong, and the croup steeply angled. The chest is deep but narrow and the shoulder long and angled. The legs have long, tapering muscling, with in general no feathering on the lower legs. The Marsh Tacky exhibits a four-beat ambling gait, most similar to the marcha batida of the Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador , another breed with Spanish heritage, although also compared to the fox trot of the Missouri Fox Trotter . However, the Marsh Tacky's gait shows a period of quadrupedal support where all four feet are planted and diagonal foot pairings, whereas the Fox Trotter shows tripedal support and the Mangalarga Marchador lacks the diagonal foot pairings. The Marsh Tacky is known by owners for its stamina and ability to work in water and swamps without panicking. They tend to be sure-footed , sturdy, smart, and able to survive in challenging coastal environments, as well as being easy keepers . Their small size and gentle nature made them the historically preferred mount for children and women, but they were also used as working animals due to their abilities in the field. Today, they are used in endurance riding , as well as continuing their traditional work assisting humans with hunting wild game and herding cattle. Marsh Tackies have the same ancestral bloodlines as Florida Cracker Horses and North Carolina Banker horses . However, DNA testing has proved that the Marsh Tackies' relative isolation has made them a separate breed with unique characteristics. The Carolina Marsh Tacky developed from Spanish horses brought to the island and coastal areas of South Carolina by Spanish explorers and settlers as early as the 16th century. More horses were added to the population that would become the Marsh Tacky through animals that were purchased in the Spanish settlement of St. Augustine in Florida. They were then used as pack horses on Native American trade routes, and sold when the traders reached Charleston . They were managed mainly as feral herds, rounded up by locals when horses were needed, and this tradition continued into the 20th century. The breed was used during the American Revolution by many of the irregular forces of Francis Marion , nicknamed the \"Swamp Fox\". The swamp savvy of the Marsh Tacky may have given Marion's forces an advantage, as British cavalry mounted on larger European breeds were not as easily able to maneuver in the dense lowland swamps. After the American Civil War , they were commonly used by members of the Gullah community on the islands off the South Carolina shore for use in fields and gardens. The breed derives the \"tacky\" part of its name from the English word meaning \"common\" or \"cheap\", as these horses were the most common breed in their area of the country for most of their history. During the height of their popularity they ranged from Myrtle Beach , South Carolina to St. Simon's Island in Georgia. The Tackies continued to be used during World War II by members of the beach patrols tasked with the surveillance of South Carolina beaches against Nazi U-boat attacks and enemy troop or spy landings. During the 1960s, Marsh Tackies were used in races on Hilton Head beaches. This tradition was revived in 2009 during the Gullah Cultural Festival, and the races will be continued at the festival in future years. In 2007, the Carolina Marsh Tacky Association was formed. The association was developed through the efforts of the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy working with owners and breed enthusiasts, with the goal of preserving and promoting the Marsh Tacky breed. The breed registry became a closed registry on August 18, 2010, and is maintained by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy Pedigree Registry. Although closed, outside horses can be registered upon proof of origin, visual inspection and DNA confirmation of parentage. In 2015, a complete, articulated horse skeleton believed to be a Marsh Tacky was unearthed at an archaeological dig in St. Augustine , Florida . The approximately 200-year-old skeleton was found on the site which once housed the Spanish Dragoon Barracks .In the lowcountry region of coastal Georgia and South Carolina , the Carolina Marsh Tacky was the most common horse for most of the breed's history. As the automobile became more common during the 20th century, breed numbers declined, and the Marsh Tacky was thought to have gone extinct during the 1980s and 1990s. Today, there are 276 living animals recognized by the breed registry, including 153 mares and 123 stallions and geldings. The Equus Survival Trust considers the breed to be at critical/nearly extinct levels, meaning that there are fewer than 100 breeding mares in existence. The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy considers the Marsh Tacky (which they consider a strain of the Colonial Spanish horse ) to be at critical levels, meaning that there are fewer than 200 annual registrations in the United States and an estimated global population of less than 2,000. Representatives of the ALBC state that the breed numbers will have to increase to an estimated 1,000 members to ensure permanent survival. On June 11, 2010, a bill was signed into law that made the Carolina Marsh Tacky the official state horse of South Carolina. At the same time, the North Carolina General Assembly declared the Banker horse (\"Colonial Spanish Mustang \") to be the official state horse of North Carolina . This was part of a joint effort by both Carolinas to save both critically endangered horse breeds from extinction.In 2006, the ALBC began investigating the Marsh Tacky to see if it was truly a descendant of Spanish stock, and during the organization's initial field investigations it was found that many surviving members of the breed fit the physical type of Colonial Spanish stock. In 2007, the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy collaborated with the Equus Survival Trust to collect DNA samples and photo-document the largest herd in South Carolina, considered to be the largest remaining herd, with a heritage tracing back to the American Civil War . DNA testing was undertaken in an effort to identify horses for a new studbook , reveal what DNA markers the breed carries, and map the breed's genetic place among all other horse breeds worldwide. Sixty horses were tested in the effort. ", ["2_520"]] [20521, "Alexander Schuyler Hamilton (September 9, 1847 \u2013 June 3, 1928) was an American Episcopal priest and great-grandson of Alexander Hamilton , the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. He was the rector of Emmanuel Episcopal Church in Weston, Connecticut , by 1893; St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Woodbury, Connecticut , by 1915; and Christ Church in Westport, Connecticut , until he retired in 1920. Hamilton was the chaplain for the Society of the Cincinnati and the Connecticut Society of the Sons of the Revolution . He was also a member of the Advisory Council for the Daughters of the Cincinnati. Hamilton was born at Setauket, New York , on Long Island on September 9, 1847, to General Alexander Hamilton (1815\u20131907) and Elizabeth Smith Nicoll (1819\u20131873). His siblings were Henry Nicoll Hamilton (1849\u20131914), James Bowdoin Hamilton (1852\u20131853), and Marie Elizabeth Hamilton (1855\u20131897). He and his family moved to the Ramapo Valley in 1858, then to New York City in 1861. He served during the American Civil War under the command of his father, who was then a colonel in the New York Militia.He attended St. Stephen's College and then attended the General Theological Seminary in Manhattan . He received his ordination in 1870 at the Church of the Transfiguration as a deacon. He was ordained as a priest in 1890 by Bishop Henry Codman Potter , seventh Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York . By 1893, he was the rector of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church in Weston, Connecticut. That same year his father was judged to be insane. In 1894, he resigned from Emmanuel Episcopal Church. As reported by The New York Times , after a previous disagreement, John Watson Gulick attempted to visit Hamilton's daughter, Anne, whom he had dated before. He was met with coldness from the Hamilton family and a short time later Hamilton's daughter was engaged to another man by the name of Gilbert Kellogg. Soon after the engagement, six of Gullick's relatives who were also members of the church, demanded Hamilton's resignation. In his resignation statement he said: \"when there are two members of this church who wish me to resign, my resignation is ready ... I stand before you a condemned man.\" After his resignation Hamilton became pastor at Christ Episcopal Church in Trumbull, Connecticut . Following Hamilton's resignation, it was reported that his father, General Alexander Hamilton , had invited him to move to his place of residence. He retired as rector of Christ Church in Westport, Connecticut , in 1920.He was chaplain of the Society of the Cincinnati . He was a member and chaplain for the Society of Colonial Wars ; chaplain of the Military Order of Foreign Wars ; chaplain of the Veteran Corps, War of 1812; general chaplain Society of War of 1812; member of Sons of the Revolution ; chaplain Sons of Veterans , Lafayette Camp, No. 140, New York; member of the Union Society of Civil War; member of St. Nicholas Society; member of the Order of Colonial Lords of Manors in America; member of Military Order of Foreign Wars ; member of St. John's Lodge, No. 6, Connecticut, Free and Accepted Masons , also member of numerous historical societies. On July 12, 1872, he married Adele Walton Livermore (1849\u20131907), the daughter of William W. Livermore, a banker, in New York City. She was the grand-niece of William Floyd , a signer of the Declaration of Independence . They had five children. Hamilton died in Westport, Connecticut , on June 3, 1928. ", ["2_521"]] [20523, "L\u00facio Vinhas de Souza is a Brazilian-Born Portuguese economist . His main research areas are global macroeconomics , development economics , monetary economics , finance and country risk , with extensive work experience at the developed economies of the European Union and the US , and in several emerging market regions, from the former Soviet Union to East Asia , Africa and Latin America . Born in Salvador, Bahia , Brazil , he has B.A. and M.Sc. degrees in economics by the Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FE/UNL) in Lisbon , Portugal , and a Ph.D. in economics by the Erasmus University in Rotterdam , the Netherlands .Dr. Vinhas de Souza is currently the Director of the Economics Department and Chief Economist of BUSINESSEUROPE and he is also a Board Member of the National Economists Club in Washington, D.C. . Previously he was Visiting Professor at Brandeis University and a Fellow at Harvard University . Between 2021 and 2023 he was an Advisor to the leadership of the European External Action Service or EEAS , the EU's joint Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defense (U.S. analog would be the Department of State and the Department of Defense), where he dealt with international economic and financial matters, EU sanctions and the EU's international energy policy . Before that, he led the Economics Department of the European Political Strategy Centre (EPSC), a internal advisory body to the European Commission President (the U.S. analog would be the Council of Economic Advisers ). In this position, he coordinated analysis and supported the definition and implementation of all matter of economic and financial policies for the EC President and his Cabinet, including among others, \"EU-Asia Connectivity\" , the predecessor of the \"Global Gateway\" EU policy, the EU's Banking Union and Capital Markets Union , the EU Budget -known as the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), and the so-called \u20185 Presidents\u2019 report on the reform of the euro area . Prior to that, Dr. Vinhas de Souza was between 2011 and 2015 the first Sovereign Chief Economist of Moody's Investors Service (MIS), the second largest rating agency in the world. There, he helped define the analytical response of MIS to the Global sovereign debt crisis , and interacted with public and private counterparts in the 140-plus Moody\u2019s rated Sovereigns and multilateral bodies around the World.Before joining Moody\u2019s , Dr. Vinhas de Souza was a World Bank official based in its Washington, D.C. headquarters, where he worked in several subjects, from the euro area to China and Kazakhstan . Prior to that, he was between 2005 and 2010 the Head for Russia and Belarus and coordinator for the Western countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States at the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG-ECFIN) of the European Commission ( EC ). Previously, between 2002 and 2005, he was Coordinator of Research Area at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy ( IfW ) in Kiel , Germany . Dr. Vinhas de Souza also held the position of Economist at the United Nations Secretariat between 1995 and 1997. He was also a Fellow at the ECARES- Free University of Brussels , a Visiting Researcher at the Central Banks of Estonia and Germany , and a member of the Managing Board of the University Association for Contemporary European Studies (UACES) between 2003 and 2006. Dr. Vinhas de Souza is also currently a member of the advisory board of the John F. Welch College of Business at the Sacred Heart University in the United States and a fellow at several research centers. He also has over a hundred different publications in several languages.Dr. Vinhas de Souza is married and has one daughter.2024 \u201cA Century of Global Economic Crises\u201d, Palgrave Macmillan , Summer 2024.2024 \u201cGlobal Trends to 2040\u201d , ESPAS, spring 2024.2024 \u201cCrescimento e Converg\u00eancia em Portugal: Experi\u00eancia Hist\u00f3rica e Pol\u00edticas a N\u00edvel Nacional e Metropolitano\u201d , Position Paper n. 5/24, SEDES, Lisbon, Portugal.2024 \u201cEnsaio: Crescimento e Converg\u00eancia em Portugal: Experi\u00eancia Hist\u00f3rica e Pol\u00edticas a N\u00edvel Nacional e Metropolitano\u201d , O Observador , Lisbon, Portugal.2024 \u201cUnhappy anniversary: Missed opportunities for growth and convergence in Portugal\u201d , VoxEU , CEPR , London, 11 March 2024.2024 \u201cA Noite dos Mortos-Vivos: o retorno de pol\u00edticas industriais\u201d , in Conjuntura Econ\u00f4mica, 78(3):22-27, FGV /IBRE.2024 \u201cUnresolved Business: Enlarging the EU towards Moldova and Ukraine (and perhaps Georgia)\u201d , VoxEU , CEPR , London, 5 Feb 2024.2023 \u201cO que pode a UE oferecer ao Brasil?\u201d , CEBRI-Revista, Spring 2023.2021 \u201cEnergy Transition, Resources and Climate Change Investment Policy in the EU\u201d, in Handbook on the Sustainable Politics and Economics of Natural Resources , Edward Elgar .2020 \u201cModels of banking sectors integration: The Experience of the Baltics and Central Eastern Europe\u201d, in Does EU membership facilitate convergence? The experience of the EU's eastern enlargement , Palgrave Macmillan .2018 \u201cReviving convergence: making EU member states fit for joining the euro area\u201d, in Structural Reforms for Growth and Cohesion: Lessons and Challenges for CESEE Countries and a Modern Europe , Edward Elgar .2016 \"Towards a Positive Euro Area Fiscal Stance\" , European Commission .2016 \"Engaging China at a Time of Transition: Capitalising on a New Era of Chinese Global Investment and Foreign Policy Initiatives\" , European Commission .2016 \"The European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI): Maximising its Potential\" , European Commission .2015 \"Regaining Citizens\u2019 Trust, Safeguarding Banks\u2019 Stability: Towards a European Deposit Insurance Scheme\" , European Commission .2015 \"Strengthening the EU\u2019s Financial System: Bridge Financing Options for the Single Resolution Fund \" , European Commission .2015 \"Severing the \u2018Doom Loop\u2019: Further Risk Reduction in the Banking Union \" , European Commission .2015 \u201cThe Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank : A New Multilateral Financial Institution or a Vehicle for China\u2019s Geostrategic Goals?\u201d , European Commission .2014 \u201cGlobal Oil Price Volatility: Oil Exporting Sovereigns with Limited Policy Tools Are Most Exposed\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cMonetary Policy Tightening in the US and its Consequences\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cPopulation Ageing Will Dampen Economic Growth over the Next Two Decades\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014\u201cFinancial Markets (Re) Segmentation in the Euro Area \u201d, author and guest editor, Comparative Economic Studies, Volume 56, Issue 3, September 2014, Palgrave.2014 \u201c Brazil & Mexico : Gaps in Infrastructure Investment Uneven across Sectors\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cCommodity-Exporting Sovereigns: Fiscal Practices and Exchange Rate Regime Determine Resilience to Price Shocks\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cCIS Economies: Growth Slowdown Driven by Structural rather Than Cyclical Factors\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cRussia & the EU: EU Economies Would Be Resilient to a Russian Recession\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cStructural and Cyclical Components in Emerging Markets\u2019 Growth Slowdown\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cThe GCC in 2020: Oil price scenario of $90pb would be negative for some GCC economies, neutral for others\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2014 \u201cQE Tapering : Impact Differs Amongst Emerging Markets \u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201cUS Monetary Policy and the Road to Normalization\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201c Sub-Saharan Africa : Steeply Rising House Prices Have Limited Sovereign Credit Impact\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201cUS Fed Tapering : Effects Likely to be Relatively Limited and Temporary\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201cLimited GDP benefits of Basel III expected for developing economies\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201cPrivate leverage trends in developed and developing economies\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013 \u201cUpdate on Structural Reforms in the Euro Area Periphery\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2013\u201c Sub-Saharan Africa : Commodity Price Vulnerability Balanced by Favorable Economic Outlook and Gradual Structural Transformation\u201d, Moody\u2019s .2012 \u201c Euro Area Periphery: Structural Reforms Have Significantly Improved External Imbalances, But Full Resolution May Still Take Years\u201d, Moody\u2019s , New York, USA.2012 \u201c Counter-cyclical Central Banking Policies and their Longer-Term Implications\u201d, Moody\u2019s , New York, USA.2012 \u201c Sub-Saharan Africa : Despite Risks, Banking Sector Exposures to Euro Area are Mitigated by Structural Factors\u201d, Moody\u2019s , New York, USA.2012 \u201c China 2030 : Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society\u201d, World Bank , Washington, D.C., and Development Research Center of the State Council , People\u2019s Republic of China , Beijing.2011 \u201c Optimum Currency Area Criteria\u201d, in \u201cThe Regional Integration Handbook\u201d, de Lombaerde, P., Flores, R., Iapadre, L. and Shulz, M. (eds), Routledge , pp.\u00a0179\u2013197, United Kingdom.2011 \u201cGlobal Economic Prospects Summer 2011 Issue\u201d, World Bank , Washington, D.C.2011 \u201cAn Initial Estimation of the Economic Effects of the Creation of the EurAsEC Customs Union on Its Members\u201d, Economic Premise n\u00b0 47, January 2010, World Bank , Washington, D.C.2011 \u201cGlobal Economic Prospects 2011\u201d, World Bank , Washington, D.C.2009 \u201cThe EU\u2019s Eastern Neighbours and the Crisis\u201d, in European Economy Research Letter, 3(2), European Commission , Brussels.2009 \u201cThe Impact of the Global Crisis on Neighbouring Countries of the EU\u201d, in ECFIN Occasional Papers n\u00b0 40, European Commission , Brussels.2009 \"Trade Relations between an Enlarged EU and the Russian Federation, and its Effects in Belarus\", in Economic Change and Restructuring, 42(1), pp.\u00a01\u201324.2008 \"Economic Aspects of the Energy Sector in CIS Countries\" (editor), ECFIN Economic Papers n\u00b0 327, European Commission , Brussels.2008 \"Russia: A Different Country\", CEPS Paperback Books Series, CEPS , Brussels, May 2008.2008 \"Foreign Investment in Russia\", in Country Focus, Volume V, Issue 1, European Commission , Brussels.2007 \"The Effect of Capital Requirement Regulation on the Transmission of Monetary Policy: evidence from Austria\", in Empirica, 34(5), pp.\u00a0411\u2013425.2007 \"The Effects of Energy Price Shocks on Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Selected Energy-Importing CIS Countries\", in Economic Review of EU Neighbour Countries, Occasional Paper n\u00b0 30, June 2007, European Commission , Brussels, pp 2\u201322.2006 \"From Transition Crises to Macroeconomic Stability? Lessons from a Crises Early Warning System for Eastern European and CIS Countries\", in Comparative Economic Studies, 2006(48), pp;410\u2013434.2006 \"A Wider Europe: Trade Relations between an Enlarged EU and the Russian Federation\", in Problems of Economic Transition, 49(2), pp;6\u201333.2006 Return to Growth in CIS Countries, Vinhas de Souza, L. and Havrylyshy, O. (eds.), Springer Verlag , Germany.2006 \"Financial Liberalization and Business Cycles: The Experience of the New EU Member States in The Baltics and Central Eastern Europe\", in Batten, J. and Kearney, C. (eds.) Emerging European Financial Markets, International Finance Review 2006(6), pp.\u00a0235\u2013259, Elsevier , Netherlands.2006 \"Beyond the euro area: An introduction\", in Research in International Business and Finance, 20(2), pp;127\u2013130 (also guest editor of this RIBAF issue).2006 \"The Periphery of the Euro: Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy in CIS Countries\",Vinhas de Souza, L. and De Lombaerde, P. (eds), Ashgate Publishing , United Kingdom.2005 \"Macro and Monetary Policies in Latin America\", co-editor, Springer Verlag , Germany.2004 \"Transition and Growth in Belarus\", in Ofer, G. and Pomfret, R. (eds.), The Economic Prospects of the CIS, Edward Elgar , United Kingdom, pp;57\u201375.2003 The Euroarea and the New EU Member States (editor, with van Aarle, B.), Palgrave Macmillan Press, United Kingdom.2003 \"A Primer on Budgetary Questions on the New EU Members States\", in The Journal of European Affairs, 1(1), 2003, pp.\u00a015\u201318.2002 \"Trade and Monetary Integration in Large, Mature Economies: A Primer on the European Monetary Union\", IfW Working Papers Series, n\u00b0 1137, Germany.2002 \"The Political Business Cycles of EU Accession Countries\", in European Union Politics , 3(2), 2002, pp.\u00a0231\u2013250.2002 \"Monetary Institutions and the Politics of the Macro-economy in EU Accession Countries\", in Linden, R. (ed.), Norms and Nannies: The Impact of International Organisations on Central and East European States, Rowman and Littlefield , pp.\u00a0341\u2013368, USA.2001 \"Exchange Rate Strategies of New EU Entrants\", in Pentecost, E. and Poeck, A. (eds.), European Monetary Integration: Past, Present and Future, Edward Elgar , UK, pp 185\u2013203.2001 \"Exchange Rates Links and Strategies of New EU Entrants\", in The Journal of European Integration, 23(1), 2001, pp.\u00a01\u201328.1999 \"EMU and Enlargement: A Review of Policy Issues\", Economic Affairs Series, Working Paper ECON 117 EN, Directorate General for Research, European Parliament , Luxembourg.", ["2_523"]] [20524, "Savage is a crater on Mercury . Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2013, and is named for the American sculptor Augusta Savage . The scarps Blossom Rupes extend from Savage to the southern rim of Caravaggio crater. Savage is northwest of the smaller but similar Ruysch crater.", ["2_524"]] [20525, "Private First Class Harold Glenn Epperson , USMCR (July 14, 1923 \u2013 June 25, 1944) was a United States Marine who posthumously received the Medal of Honor , the United States' highest military honor, for his actions during the World War II Battle of Saipan . Born in Akron, Ohio , Epperson grew up in Massillon and graduated from Washington High School there in 1941. He was employed at Goodyear Aircraft in Akron before enlisting in the Marine Corps Reserve on December 12, 1942.A member of the 1st Battalion 6th Marines , he also shared in the Presidential Unit Citation awarded his organization for its service at the Battle of Tarawa .PFC Epperson died in action against the Japanese on Saipan on June 25, 1944, when he threw himself upon an enemy grenade in order to save the lives of his fellow Marines.Epperson's Medal of Honor was presented to his mother in a ceremony on Wednesday, July 4, 1945, in Tiger Stadium, Massillon, Ohio , with the Massillon High School Band and 8,500 of the people of the town where Epperson grew up. The medal was presented by Col. Norman E. True, district Marine officer of the 9th Naval District and commanding officer of the Marine Barracks at Great Lakes, Illinois. Epperson's parents, who moved to Mount Sterling, Kentucky following their son's death, returned to Massillon for the ceremonies because they felt their son \"would have liked it that way.\" The citation signed by President Harry S. Truman , and a letter from Gen. Alexander A. Vandegrift , Commandant of the Marine Corps , were read by Col. True during the ceremony.Initially buried in the 2nd Marine Division Cemetery on Saipan, Marianas Islands, PFC Epperson's remains were re-interred in Winchester Cemetery, Winchester, Kentucky , in 1948.Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. Born: July 14, 1923, Akron, Ohio. Accredited to: Ohio.Citation:For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving with the 1st Battalion, 6th Marines, 2d Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces on the Island of Saipan in the Marianas, on 25 June 1944. With his machinegun emplacement bearing the full brunt of a fanatic assault initiated by the Japanese under cover of predawn darkness, Pfc. Epperson manned his weapon with determined aggressiveness, fighting furiously in the defense of his battalion's position and maintaining a steady stream of devastating fire against rapidly infiltrating hostile troops to aid materially in annihilating several of the enemy and in breaking the abortive attack. Suddenly a Japanese soldier, assumed to be dead, sprang up and hurled a powerful hand grenade into the emplacement. Determined to save his comrades, Pfc. Epperson unhesitatingly chose to sacrifice himself and, diving upon the deadly missile, absorbed the shattering violence of the exploding charge in his own body. Stouthearted and indomitable in the face of certain death, Pfc. Epperson fearlessly yielded his own life that his able comrades might carry on the relentless battle against a ruthless enemy. His superb valor and unfaltering devotion to duty throughout reflect the highest credit upon himself and upon the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.The USS Epperson (DD-719) , a destroyer named in honor of HG Epperson, was launched on December 23, 1945, in Port Newark, New Jersey.https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7744837", ["2_525"]] [20529, "M\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Muircheartaigh ( Irish pronunciation: [m\u02b2i\u02d0\u00e7a\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0 o\u02d0 m\u02e0\u026a\u027e\u02b2\u00e7a\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0] ; 20 August 1930 \u2013 25 June 2024) was an Irish Gaelic games commentator for the Irish national radio and television, Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds . In a career that has lasted 60 years, he has come to be regarded as the \"voice of Gaelic games.\" His prolific career has earned him a place in Guinness World Records . \u00d3 Muircheartaigh died at a hospital in Dublin , Ireland at the age of 93 on 25 June 2024. Quotations related to M\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Muircheartaigh at Wikiquote", ["2_529"]] [20531, "Gabriel Alejandro Milito (born 7 September 1980) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a centre-back. He is the current head coach of Brazilian club Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro.\nHe began and finished his professional career at Independiente. He spent seven years in Spain, representing Zaragoza and Barcelona and amassing La Liga totals of 187 matches and six goals.\nMilito appeared with the Argentina national team in three major tournaments, including the 2006 World Cup, winning 42 caps. He later managed three teams in the Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n, including Independiente. Born in Bernal, Buenos Aires Province, Milito started playing professionally with Primera Divisi\u00f3n side Independiente in 1997. During that time he often faced his older brother Diego, who played for Independiente's arch-rivals Racing Club de Avellaneda. In July 2003, Milito was due to be transferred to Real Madrid, but the Spaniards rejected the player after medical results showed, according to them, a not-fully-recovered knee injury; Jorge Valdano, who acted as director of football, further added that the player had always been appreciated for his technical skills, but his physical state was a cause for great concern. He decided to stay in the country, and joined Real Zaragoza.\nIn his four seasons with the Aragonese, Milito was an automatic first choice and won the Copa del Rey in his first season against former suitors Real Madrid; he never played fewer than 33 La Liga matches, and rejoined sibling Diego in 2005. In July that year, he was pursued by European champions Liverpool and their Spanish manager Rafael Ben\u00edtez, whose \u00a37.5 million approach was rejected; he then signed a new contract until 2010, with a buyout clause of \u20ac30 million.\nItalian newspaper Tuttosport published an interview in June 2007 in which Milito \u2013 who holds the country's passport through descent \u2013 said that he wanted to leave for Juventus. The player denied the meeting had taken place. On 10 July 2007, an agreement was reached with Barcelona for \u20ac18.5million (\u00a313.9 million) and, the following week, Milito passed his medical and signed a four-year deal with the club worth \u20ac4 million (\u00a32.7 million) a year; he was given the number 3 shirt, which was formerly worn by Thiago Motta.\nMilito made his competitive debut for Barcelona on 2 September 2007, in a 3\u20131 home win against Athletic Bilbao. He scored his first goal for the Catalans on 24 November, in a 3\u20130 victory over Recreativo de Huelva also at the Camp Nou.\nOn 5 May 2008, it was announced that Milito had damage to the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee. This rendered him ineligible for the entire 2008\u201309 campaign, which ended in a treble.\nAfter being sidelined for almost two years (602 days), Milito finally returned to action when he played in a friendly with Kazma in Kuwait. On 5 January 2010, he made his return to competitive football in the first leg of the Copa del Rey's round of 16, a 1\u20132 home loss against Sevilla. He reappeared in the domestic league five days later, coming on as a substitute for Carles Puyol for the final seven minutes of the 5\u20130 away win over Tenerife.\nMilito contributed one goal to a 5\u20131 home win against Ceuta in the domestic cup on 11 November 2010 (7\u20131 on aggregate), but had to leave the game injured. On 30 April 2011, starting in a league match at Real Sociedad, he had a goal wrongfully ruled out for offside with the score at 1\u20131, as the hosts went on to win it 2\u20131; as a result of his action he also tore a calf muscle, being sidelined for the rest of the season and making ten appearances for the eventual champions. In early August 2011, the 30-year-old Milito was released from the last year of his contract with Barcelona, and signed shortly after with former club Independiente. On 12 June 2012, he announced his retirement due to being mentally and physically exhausted. Milito participated in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup with Argentina, helping the nation to the final. He was also part of the squad which took part in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, performing well in his only appearance, the group stage match against the Netherlands which ended in a 0\u20130 draw.\nMilito was selected to the 2007 Copa Am\u00e9rica squad. He contributed five appearances, as the Albiceleste finished in second position in Venezuela.\nOn 20 August 2010, national team coach Sergio Batista recalled Milito for a friendly with Spain the following month, the player's first international appearance in more than three years. He started in the 4\u20131 win in Buenos Aires, and he was subsequently selected for the 2011 Copa Am\u00e9rica, appearing in all the games for the eventual quarter-finalists. Milito's first coaching experience was with the reserves team of Independiente. He resigned late into 2014, due to differences with the club's president Hugo Moyano.\nOn 15 April 2015, Milito replaced Mauricio Pellegrino at the helm of Estudiantes, after being convinced by president Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Ver\u00f3n. Despite good results, he resigned at the end of the year.\nOn 12 May 2016, Milito was re-appointed as Independiente manager, again in the place of Pellegrino. He signed an 18-month contract.\nMilito started his first coaching adventure outside Argentina on 9 August 2017, signing for two years with O'Higgins from the Chilean Primera Divisi\u00f3n. He returned to Estudiantes on a three-year deal on 11 March 2019 but, one year later, after being ousted in the round of 64 of the Copa Argentina by lowly Deportivo Laferrere, he again resigned. \nIn January 2021, Milito signed a three-year contract at Argentinos Juniors, replacing Diego Dabove who had moved to San Lorenzo. At the end of the 2022 season, having qualified for the Copa Libertadores, he extended his contract to 2027 but with a clause to cancel it. He unexpectedly used the option on 30 August 2023, after a 1\u20130 home loss to San Mart\u00edn in the last 16 of the domestic cup.\nOn 24 March 2024, Milito was announced as head coach of Brazilian club Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro, agreeing to a deal running until December 2025. He took charge ahead of the 2024 Campeonato Mineiro finals and led the team to the title with an aggregate 5\u20133 win over archrivals Cruzeiro. Milito's older brother, Diego, was also a footballer. A striker, he played with individual and team success for Inter Milan, and they both represented Real Zaragoza and the national team. Argentina score listed first, score column indicates score after each Milito goal. As of match played 3 November 2024", ["2_531"]] [20532, "Akyaka station ( Turkish : Akyaka gar\u0131 ) is a station in the town of Akyaka , Kars in northeastern Turkey . TCDD Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k operates a twice-daily regional train from Kars . The station was originally opened in 1899 by the Transcaucasus Railway as Shuregel station ( Turkish : \u015e\u00f6regel , Russian : \u0428\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c ), when Akyaka was a part of the Russian Empire . In 1922, the station was renamed K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7ak\u00e7ak station to reflect the name change of the settlement. The railway, and the station, was taken over by the Turkish government-owned Eastern Railway in 1925, which became the Turkish State Railways in 1929. In 1962, TCDD converted the broad gauge railway to standard gauge and rebuilt the station, which was renamed to its current name in 1966. Due to the border closure between Turkey and Armenia , train service east of Kars was suspended in 1993 until February 2011, when TCDD returned train service to Akyaka.Akyaka station is located in the town center in the vicinity of the town post office and police station.This article about a Turkish railway station is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_532"]] [20533, "Marcin Wadowita ( Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8mart\u0361\u0255in vad\u0254\u02c8vita] ; 1567 \u2013 27 January 1641) also known as Wadovius or Campius , was a Polish priest, theologian , professor , and the Deputy Chancellor of Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w ; under his tenure the university is said to have prospered. He was born in Wadowice , where he later funded several buildings. He studied at the Jagiellonian University and abroad \u2013 in Rome .He wrote and published in Krak\u00f3w ten Latin theological treatises:This biography of a Polish noble is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_533"]] [20534, "Shoshana Nyree Johnson (born January 18, 1973) is a Panamanian-born former United States soldier, and the first black female prisoner of war in the military history of the United States . Johnson was a Specialist of the U.S. Army 507th Maintenance Company , 5/52 ADA BN , 11th ADA Brigade. During the Battle of Nasiriyah , she suffered bullet wounds to both of her ankles and was captured by Iraqi forces. She was held prisoner in Iraq for 22 days along with five other members of her unit. She was freed in a rescue mission conducted by United States Marine Corps units on April 13, 2003.Johnson, a second-generation U.S. Army veteran, is a native of Panama . She moved to the United States with her family when she was a child. She is the eldest child of retired Army Sergeant First Class Claude Johnson and wife Eunice. In 1991, Johnson was in the JROTC program at Andress High School . Although she did not plan a career in the military, she wanted to attend culinary school, so she joined the Army to save money for tuition. She joined the US Army in September 1998 after dropping out of University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP).In February 2003, while serving her second military assignment at Fort Bliss , Texas , Johnson received orders to deploy to Iraq as a Quartermaster Corps Food Service Specialist ( MOS 92G ) with the 507th Maintenance Company, 5/52 ADA BN, 11th ADA Brigade. Shoshana enlisted with the duty of preparing meals. Her company's duty was to supply mechanics to repair the Patriot missile trucks housed at the post.On March 23, 2003, one month after her arrival to serve as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom , Johnson was in a convoy that was ambushed and taken captive in the city of Nasiriyah . Iraqi troops ambushed her supply convoy when it took a wrong turn. There had been bitter fighting around Nasiriyah , a vital crossing point of the River Euphrates . Johnson was among a dozen soldiers in the convoy who were captured. She received a bullet wound to her ankles.Iraqi authorities broadcast video of Johnson, shortly after her capture. CNN described this video as when \"Americans were first introduced to Johnson\".During the gruff interview, Johnson looked tense, her eyes darting quickly left, then right. Barely an hour before, she'd been shot in both ankles and captured along with five other soldiers, including Pfc. Jessica Lynch , who was badly wounded and was held prisoner at a separate location.On April 13, 2003, after subsequent house raids conducted by United States Marines of the 3rd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion , 1st Marine Division in the city of Samarra , Johnson was rescued along with six other prisoners of war. They were welcomed as heroes in the United States on April 16 with a cheering crowd of over 3,000 people. The U.S. Army recognized them for courage, valor, and service with several awards.On December 12, 2003, Johnson left the U.S. Army on a Temporary Disability Honorable Discharge . Johnson was awarded the Bronze Star, Purple Heart and the Prisoner of War Medal for her service in Iraq and has received numerous awards and recognition for her courage, valor, and service to the United States. On New Year's Eve 2003, Johnson was asked to join New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg in activating the Times Square New Year ball drop to ring in 2004. Critics have accused the military and media of racism in that they focused attention on Jessica Lynch , a white woman, rather than Johnson, a black woman. CNN reported that \"Lynch got a million-dollar book deal and more in disability payments from the military than Johnson. Some said it was a long standing and well documented issue of race in the military. Shoshana Johnson says reports that she and Lynch were at odds aren't true.\" Johnson signed a book deal with Dafina Books to write her story with Paul T. Brown, titled One Wrong Turn , which was to tell her side of the story and more about her fallen comrades. In 2007, Dafina Books and Johnson parted ways. Johnson signed a deal with Simon & Schuster in 2008. I'm Still Standing: From Captive U.S. Soldier to Free Citizen \u2014 My Journey Home was released on February 2, 2010. ", ["2_534"]] [20536, "Enterprise Square Five ( Traditional Chinese : \u4f01\u696d\u5ee3\u5834\u4e94\u671f) is a shopping mall and office building complex in Kowloon Bay , Hong Kong . It was developed by Kerry Properties . It opened in June 2007. The property comprises the MegaBox shopping mall and two office buildings. It is the largest single property among the Enterprise Square properties, occupying 1,600,000 square feet (150,000\u00a0m 2 ) and costing HK$2 billion to build. Hang Seng Bank is the biggest tenant that rent the entire Block 2. MegaBox occupies 1,100,000 square feet (100,000\u00a0m 2 ) and has 19 floors.22\u00b019\u203212\u2033N 114\u00b012\u203231\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 22.31987\u00b0N 114.20852\u00b0E \ufeff / 22.31987; 114.20852", ["2_536"]] [20537, "The Convent of Mercy , known today as the St. Francis Place Condominiums , is a small complex of historic Roman Catholic religious buildings in Mobile , Alabama , United States . It consists of two buildings, the former convent and the former school. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1992 as a part of the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission . It, along with the Convent and Academy of the Visitation , is one of two surviving historic convent complexes in Mobile. The Sisters of Mercy first came to Mobile in 1884 with the new bishop, Dominic Manucy , for service in St. Joseph's Parish. Their social works mission included visiting the sick in their homes, the destitute in the poorhouse and the imprisoned in the jails. They also performed instruction in schools and prepared sacramentals . They founded St. Joseph's School, later to be called the Convent of Mercy Academy, in St. Joseph's Parish in 1895. St. Joseph School was initially taught in five frame buildings on the property, with one as the residence of the Sisters. The cornerstone for a new 3 + 1 \u2044 2 -story Baroque Revival \u2013style building was laid on September 8, 1908. It was designed by architect A. H. Downey as a combination convent and school to replace the former frame structures. The student body grew over the next two decades to the extent that a new 3-story brick building was built to the rear of the existing building in 1928. It would serve as the school, while the 1908 building would serve as the convent. The school closed in 1968 and the Sisters moved their convent to another Mobile location in 1969. The former school building served to house the Empress Chandelier Company for a time. Then, in 2002, the complex was restored and renovated to house the St. Francis Place Condominiums. ", ["2_537"]] [20541, "Manufacturers Building is a historic commercial building located at Rockingham , Richmond County, North Carolina . It was built about 1904, and is a two-story, red brick commercial building. It has a high hipped and slate covered roof. The building served as the administrative offices for five of the most important textile mills in Richmond County\u2014Pee Dee Manufacturing Company, Steele's Mills, Roberdel Mills , Midway Mills, and Hannah Pickett Mills . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. This article about a property in Richmond County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_541"]] [20543, "John W. Ligon GT/AIG Basics Magnet Middle School , formerly John W. Ligon Junior-Senior High School , is a public magnet middle school in the Wake County Public School System located in the Chavis Heights neighborhood of Raleigh, North Carolina . It was historically an all black high school in Raleigh until it was integrated in 1971. The groundbreaking ceremony for John W. Ligon High School was held in November 1951. The school opened in 1953, replacing Washington Graded and High School as the only all black secondary education institution in Raleigh, North Carolina. The overall building costs amounted to $1 million, making it the largest school construction project in the state at the time. It was named after John William Ligon, an educator, local pastor and interim principal at Washington. The school's books were supplied secondhand from its white counterpart, Broughton High School . Ligon was seen as model for black education throughout the state, attracting a large number of students and an educated teaching staff from the local black colleges. By the late 1960s it possessed a higher percentage of teachers with graduate degrees than any of Raleigh's three white schools. Ligon served as the city's only black high school until 1971, when it was desegregated and subsequently converted into a junior high school. In the late 1970s, officials considered closing the school, but this was met with opposition from alumni and Ligon continued to operate. In 1982, Ligon was formally consolidated into the new Wake County Public School System and became involved in the Magnet Program. The Crosby-Garfield school in Raleigh merged into Ligon at the same time. Between 1994 and 1995, computers and laserdisc players were installed in many of the school's classrooms. 360 students were educated on the use of ClarisWorks , HyperStudio , and MacGlobe software. Teachers were trained in the areas of data management, email, and multimedia. In the early 2000s, the school underwent major renovations and expansions, including the construction of new hallways, a baseball field, and additional classrooms. After the racial integration period, Ligon heavily promoted diversity, which is still part of its goal. As of 2007, there were 157 Asian students (~15%), 376 African-American students (~36%), 496 White students (~47%), and 17 Hispanic students (~1%). In addition, students' differences in income and class are shown by the 24% of the school which gets reduced price or free lunches. A large number of its NC state-identified academically gifted students go on to Enloe High School .In the 2008-09 school year, only 34% of applicants received admission. 2023 Magnet School of ExcellenceLigon belongs to multiple school related organizations. Among them are:Ligon has many extracurricular courses and electives. These include foreign languages, which include Spanish , German , French , Japanese , Chinese , and American Sign Language . Ligon also offers courses in physical education. These would include, Archery, Tennis 1, Tennis 2, Basketball 1, Basketball 2, Basketball 3, Racket Sports, Sports Variety, Golf, Soccer 1, Soccer 2, and Fencing. Ligon also has electives that can be as specific as Flash software and Visual Basic programming. Many electives involve students in running the school, such as technical theater, yearbook, and LTV (Ligon Television). Unlike most middle schools, who only have ten or so electives, Ligon has about 300 electives. Students can take four electives per quarter, unless they are taking semester-long, or year-long electives.Ligon offers multiple courses in orchestra , band , dance , chorus , and acting .Two of Ligon's string orchestras, Silver Strings and Ligon Philharmonic, performed in Carnegie Hall, New York City, NY. In 2019, the Ligon Jazz Band performed at the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic in Chicago, Illinois.Ligon's colors are blue and gold, and their teams are referred to as the Little Blues. Ligon's sports teams include:35\u00b046\u203220\u2033N 78\u00b037\u203235\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 35.7721\u00b0N 78.6264\u00b0W \ufeff / 35.7721; -78.6264", ["2_543"]] [20545, "Maria Cornelia Gezina \" Mona \" Keijzer (born 9 October 1968) is a Dutch politician and former civil servant who is the minister of housing and spatial planning in the Schoof cabinet since 2024. A member of the Farmer\u2013Citizen Movement ( BoerBurgerBeweging , BBB), she won a seat in the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election . Formerly a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), she served in the third Rutte cabinet as State Secretary for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy alongside Dilan Yesilg\u00f6z-Zegerius from 26 October 2017 until 25 September 2021. Keijzer served in the House of Representatives between 2012 and 2017, and again for six months from 31 March 2021 until 27 September 2021. She focused on matters of nursing , home care and culture . Before becoming a full-time politician, she worked as an environmental jurist for the municipalities of Waterland and Almere , as well as for the province of Gelderland .Keijzer was born in a Catholic family in Edam , and she has an older brother and a younger sister. Her father had several jobs, including as fisher and construction worker. She attended the Werenfridus secondary school in Hoorn at VWO level , and she studied juridical public administration and public law at the University of Amsterdam . Keijzer started her political career as a member of the municipal council of Waterland from 1996 to 2002 and was later an alderwoman from 1998 to 2006. Subsequently, she worked as a lawyer and mediator in 2005 and 2006. Afterwards she was an alderwoman of neighbouring municipality of Purmerend from 2007 to 2012.In 2012, Keijzer contested the CDA leadership election in an attempt to become the party's lijsttrekker for the 2012 general election . Although performing unexpectedly well in the elections, she let Sybrand van Haersma Buma go first. Placed second on the list of candidates , Keijzer was elected to the House of Representatives, receiving 127,446 votes, and she served as her party's spokesperson for curative care , asylum, and integration. She was reelected in the 2017 general election with 165,384 votes.On 26 October 2017, Keijzer was appointed State Secretary for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the third Rutte cabinet . In this capacity, she was responsible for consumer policy, small and medium-sized enterprises, telecom, post and market regulation. In a joint statement in October 2020, Keijzer and her French counterpart C\u00e9dric O called for a European Union authority to regulate large technology companies and argued that such an authority should be able to prevent digital platforms from blocking access to their services \"unless they have an objective justification.\" In 2020, she again contested the CDA leadership election , but came third, after Hugo de Jonge and Pieter Omtzigt . Placed seventh on the party's candidate list for the 2021 general election , Keijzer was reelected, obtaining 18,031 votes.On 25 September 2021 Keijzer was dismissed from her cabinet position after publicly criticising the cabinet's position on COVID-19 measures. While forced resignations are not unheard of, being removed from a cabinet position has little precedent. The last time a cabinet member was fired was in 1975, although in that instance Jan Glastra van Loon was allowed to resign. Before Keijzer's discharge, no other cabinet member had actually been fired since World War II. Media outlets reported that Keijzer refused to resign. Keijzer also resigned from the House of Representatives two days later. On 1 September 2023, Keijzer joined Farmer\u2013Citizen Movement and it was announced that she would be the party's candidate in position two, for the November 2023 election , and also the BBB candidate for the position of Prime Minister . She assisted her party in subsequent cabinet formation talks . In the House, Keijzer served as the BBB's spokesperson for the interior, digital affairs, migration, social affairs, and media. She raised the possibility of declaring certain parts of Ukraine safe during Russia's invasion of the country such that refugees could return . She also suggested refugees would have to contribute more financially towards their sheltering to discourage an influx. Defending strict asylum rules, Keijzer called antisemitism \"almost part of Islamic culture \" in reference to the origin of many asylum seekers. Criminal complaints were subsequently filed against her for group defamation , but the Public Prosecution Service decided not to bring charges. After the PVV , VVD , NSC , and BBB formed the Schoof cabinet , Keijzer was sworn in as Fourth Deputy Prime Minister and as Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning on 2 July 2024. The Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning was simultaneously re-established after its responsibilities had been handled by different ministries since 2010. Keijzer succeeded Hugo de Jonge , who served as a minister without portfolio . She was tasked with overseeing the construction of 100,000 homes per year in response to a housing shortage, the same target set for her predecessor. The coalition agreement included \u20ac1 billion in yearly funding for that purpose for the next five years. New locations would be identified and enforceable agreements would be struck with local and regional governments. As housing minister, Keijzer stirred controversy when she said \u201chatred of Jews is almost part of Islamic culture\u201d. In response, Muslim groups filed a complaint accusing her of inciting hate. Keijzer is married to a urologist and has five sons. She lives in Ilpendam and belongs to the Catholic Church . Her father-in-law is a former alderman of Waterland for the CDA.", ["2_545"]] [20547, "Wormleighton Manor is a manor house in the civil parish of Wormleighton in the historic county of Warwickshire , England. It belonged to the wealthy Spencer family during the 16th and 17th century. Much of the house was burned down by Royalists during the English Civil War in 1645 and abandoned by the Spencers in favour of Althorp in Northamptonshire , which contains some materials salvaged from Wormleighton to this day. Today, all that is left of the manor, which was once four times the size of Althorp, is the Wormleighton Manor Gatehouse and Tower Cottage which is a Grade II listed building , and the northern range of the manor. Wormleighton Manor is a fine example of the Tudor architecture that appeared during the reign of Henry VIII . The wealthy Spencer family , who built their fortune on the production of wool in Warwickshire in the 15th century, first became linked to Wormleighton in 1469, when John Spencer became feoffee (feudal lord) and a tenant at Althorp in 1486. John Spencer's nephew, John, traded in livestock and other commodities and saved enough money to purchase both the Wormleighton and Althorp lands outright.Wormleighton was bought in 1506; the manor house was completed in 1512. As the family wealth grew dramatically, John Spencer purchased the land at Althorp between 1509 and 1511 and constructed another residence there. In 1613, the gatehouse at the entrance of Wormleighton Manor was added by Sir Robert, first Lord Spencer, and he or his son are believed to have made alterations or enlargements also to the main building. The Spencer library accumulated at the manor to form a substantial collection which is now housed in London.In 1645, Royalist forces from nearby Banbury set fire to Wormleighton Manor to prevent it becoming a parliamentary stronghold, causing extensive damage. As a result, Wormleighton Manor was abandoned by the Spencer family as a family residence after the English Civil War ; they developed a distinguished home at Althorp which remains the Spencer seat to this day. Oak panelling in Althorp's tapestry dining room was brought from Wormleighton and reinstalled. Stained glass was also brought from Wormleighton Manor to Althorp in the 19th century and installed in Althorp's chapel.In 1925, Americans Alexander and Virginia Weddell visited the property with architect Henry Grant Morse to get some inspiration on architectural features they could incorporate into a Tudor manor and former priory they had recently bought from Lloyds Bank in Warwickshire and had shipped to Richmond, Virginia . The eastern wing of Virginia House , completed in 1929, is said to be based on the design of Wormleighton Manor. The gatehouse, constructed in 1613, stands about 100 feet (30\u00a0m) south of the main building. It is of two storeys, built of yellow ashlar and is listed as a Grade II listed building . The archways are 11 feet (3.4\u00a0m) high and on the south have aged marigold central carvings and a sundial . On the north and west faces appear the arms of Spencer, distinguishable with its dragon and griffin supporters, while the south face has a central square panel displaying the royal Stuart arms, all dated to the original 1613 building. Four-centred doorways are located in the side-walls of the gateway. The lower west lodge with a red tiled roof is about 27 feet (8.2\u00a0m) long outside and of two storeys, with a central chimney. The east tower at the side of the gateway is roughly 16 feet (4.9\u00a0m) wide with a four-light window on the lower part. There are also the remains of a two-storey building about 80 feet (24\u00a0m) further south, believed to have once been part of the stable buildings which were rebuilt in the 17th century, and which today is a modern farm building.52\u00b010\u203248\u2033N 1\u00b020\u203244\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 52.18000\u00b0N 1.34556\u00b0W \ufeff / 52.18000; -1.34556", ["2_547"]] [20551, "Julian Feoli-Gudino (born June 22, 1987) is a Costa Rican-Canadian former professional football wide receiver who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Toronto Argonauts , where he won the 100th Grey Cup in 2012. He played CIS football for the Laval Rouge et Or . He also played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Ottawa Redblacks . Feoli-Gudino was born in Costa Rica , and grew up in Montreal . Feoli-Gudino was drafted 38th overall by the Toronto Argonauts in the 2011 CFL Draft , but he elected to play out his final year of college eligibility at Laval . Following the 2011 CIS football season , Feoli-Gudino signed with Argonauts on January 11, 2012. Feoli-Gudino signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers on January 21, 2014. He spent four years with the Blue Bombers, playing in 63 games and recording 111 catches for 1105 yards and seven touchdowns.Upon entering free agency, Feoli-Gudino signed with the Ottawa Redblacks to a one-year contract on February 14, 2018. Julian Feoli-Gudino had 11 receptions for 200 yards with two touchdowns in his first season with the Redblacks. Following the season he agreed to a one-year contract extension. In 2019, he played in eight games and recorded 13 receptions for 119 yards before he was released on August 12, 2019. On February 5, 2020, Feoli-Gudino signed with the defending Grey Cup champion Blue Bombers for the second time in his career. The 2020 CFL season was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , and Feoli-Gudino became a free agent afterwards. ", ["2_551"]] [20552, "Sandra Savaglio is an Italian astrophysicist whose research focuses on the \"young universe: cosmic chemical evolution, distant galaxies, intergalactic and interstellar medium, and galaxies hosting the most energetic events in the universe: the gamma-ray bursts and the super luminous supernovae . She embarked on tracing the origins of the galaxy. She graduated summa cum laude in physics in 1991 from University of Calabria and received her Ph.D. from the University of Calabria in Italy.In January 2004 Savaglio was on the cover of Time magazine, as a symbol of many of Europe's scientists moving to the United States. Besides working in the U.S., Savaglio has worked at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany. After studying and working outside Italy for 23 years, she returned to Calabria and is a professor in astrophysics at the University of Calabria ( Arcavacata di Rende , Italy). Upon returning to Calabria, she received the Casato Prime Donne Award on September 14, 2014, in Montalcino , Italy. She also received in 2008 the Pythagoras Award, Italy.Savaglio was born in Cosenza , Calabria , and grew up in Marano Marchesato , a small town nearby, Italy. The daughter of a postal worker and a midwife, she is the youngest of four children. Her passion for the stars started when she was 17 years old after she read Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos by Isaac Asimov . \"My father is one of my greatest fans. My parents, with me, my sister and my brothers, have never set limits to our aspirations.\" She enjoyed physics in high school and university. She attended University of Calabria and received her B.S. in Physics in 1991. In fact Savaglio is now a professor University of Calabria in the same department she received her Ph.D.Savaglio research has centered around the young universe: distant galaxies and cosmic chemical evolution, GRB (gamma-ray bursts) and super luminous supernovae. In university Savaglio worked with Riccardo Giacconi, between 1996 and 1998, who would win the Physics Nobel Prize in 2002. From there, after a brief post-doc in France, Savaglio moved on to Johns Hopkins University from September 2001 to February 2006, where she taught courses and worked with Prof. Karl Glazebrook. She taught courses at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. She also worked with Space Telescope Science Institute while in Baltimore. In 2006 Savaglio moved to Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics where she was a fellow and senior research scientist. She created the SQL database for Gamma-Ray Burst Host Studies ( GHostS ), the largest public database dedicated to galaxies hosting gamma-ray burst events. Savaglio was active in the \"Gemini Deep Deep Survey\" which returned results on the metallicity of early galaxies and the evolution of spherical galaxies and why many appear old. Savaglio has been active in her community since she has returned to Southern Italy. Savaglio has promoted both science and women in science. She has discussed both topics in several interviews and also visited local high schools. Being asked interviews why she came back to Italy, she responded that yes Italy does not support the sciences at the level many other countries do, however she stresses the culture, social interactions, and food of Southern Italy. One of the reasons for her return to Italy from Germany was the price of pumpkin flowers, which on returning she can get from uncle's garden. She is also happy to finally eat true tomatoes; in Germany the tomatoes would make my father turn in his grave. She likes to make a few of the recipes of my grandmother, that give me a sense of the my origin: for example the 'mustazzuoli' . A disadvantage was leaving her partner, Uta Grothkopf, in Germany and the need for Uta or Sandra to commute to see each. Also because Italy does not recognize Civil Unions (Eingetragene Partnerschaft) if Savaglio dies in Italy Uta would not have a right to her pension.\" Carbone Vincenzo and Savaglio wrote a paper in 2001 on sports records. The study shows \"that the mean speed as a function of race time can be described by two scaling laws that have a breakpoint at about 150\u2013170 seconds (corresponding to the ~1,000 m race). We interpret this as being the transition time between anaerobic and aerobic energy expenditure by athletes.\" Savaglio been active in soccer and competitive swimming.Savaglio has also written two books: Tutto l'universo per chi ha poco spazio-tempo (publisher: Mondadori), and with Mario Caligiuri Senza attendere (publisher: by Rubbettino). Both are only in Italian.", ["2_552"]] [20555, "El Bufete del Amor was a professional wrestling trio team consisting of Marco Corleone , M\u00e1ximo and Rush , working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). They are former one-time CMLL World Trios Champions . On December 17, 2011, Marco Corleone , M\u00e1ximo and Rush defeated Mr. Niebla , Negro Casas and Rey Bucanero in two straight falls. After the event, the trio of Corleone, Rush and M\u00e1ximo was given the name La Tercia Sensaci\u00f3n , which was later changed to El Bufete del Amor . On February 19, 2012, El Bufete del Amor defeated Los Hijos del Averno ( Averno , Ephesto and Mephisto ) to win the CMLL World Trios Championship . In the fall of 2012 El Bufete began a feud against the Mexican National Trios Champions Los Invasores ( Volador Jr. , Mr. \u00c1guila and Kraneo ). The two teams fought several occasions with El Bufete's CMLL World Trios Championship on the line, while Los Invasores Mexican National Trios Championship being passed over compared to the more prestigious CMLL title. In May, Corleone was sidelined with a knee injury, leading to CMLL stripping him, M\u00e1ximo and Rush of the CMLL World Trios Championship. On September 16, 2014, Corleone and Rush defeated El Terrible and Rey Escorpi\u00f3n to win La Copa CMLL. On October 3, 2014, M\u00e1ximo participated in the 2014 La Copa Junior VIP tournament, qualifying for the finals by defeating Puma , Stuka, Jr. and then finally La Sombra (by disqualification) to qualify for the finals. On October 10, Maximo defeated Mephisto to win his first ever La Copa Junior . ", ["2_555"]] [20557, "Fred Werner born Gottfried W Werner was an Australian composer, music teacher. He was possibly born near Berlin \nwhere he attended the prestigious Stern Conservatory and studied under Polish composer Theodor Kullak .\nHe migrated to Coolabah near Dubbo in New South Wales , Australia around 1890.\nIn 1902 he married Emma Durrell and had a son Charles.\nIn 1910 he was appointed to the Staff of Sydney Conservatorium of Music where he taught keyboard and held several recitals. In 1915 he left teaching, possibly due to wartime Australian racism, and in 1916 he became licensee at the Coolabah Hotel His best known student was Kate Rooney who succeeded in tours of London and USA ", ["2_557"]] [20558, "Ann Christin Linde (born 4 December 1961) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democratic Party who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the government of Prime Minister Stefan L\u00f6fven and Magdalena Andersson from 2019 to 2022. Linde previously served as Minister of Foreign Trade and Minister for Nordic Cooperation . Before that, she was the Minister for European Union Affairs and Trade for the L\u00f6fven Cabinet from 25 May 2016. Throughout the 1990s, Linde worked in government offices, including as the Ministry Secretary of Civil Affairs and the political advisor of the EU and Trade Minister Mats Hellstr\u00f6m of Foreign Affairs and of Defense Minister Bj\u00f6rn von Sydow on Ministry of Defence . Linde worked as international secretary at the Social Democratic Party in Sweden from 2000 to 2013. From 2013 to 2014, she was the head of the International Department of the European Socialist Party (PES) in Brussels, an umbrella organization for all social-democratic parties in the EU. From 2014 until 2016, Linde served as State Secretary for the Ministry of Justice In this capacity, she worked with Interior Minister Anders Ygeman . [ citation needed ]Linde was appointed minister for foreign affairs following Margot Wallstr\u00f6m 's resignation on 10 September 2019.Under Linde's leadership, Sweden's government decided in March 2020 to send a rapid reaction force of up to 150 troops and helicopters to Mali to join French-led Takuba task force in fighting militants linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State in the Sahel region of North Africa. By early 2022, Linde announced that Sweden would withdraw troops from a European special forces mission to the Sahel region and will review its participation in the Takuba task force over the presence of private Russian military contractors. When Sweden took over the rotating Chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2021, Linde became the organization's Chairperson-in-Office. On 1 May 2022, she expressed that it was \"almost certain\" that Finland would join NATO . While most current NATO members responded positively to the application, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan voiced his opposition, accusing both Sweden and Finland of tolerating Kurdish militant groups PKK , PYD and the YPG , which Turkey classifies as terrorist organizations, and followers of Fethullah G\u00fclen , whom Turkey accuses of orchestrating a failed 2016 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat attempt . On 20 May, Linde pushed back against Erdo\u011fan's claim they support PKK, calling it \"disinformation\", and pointing out Sweden listed PKK as a terrorist organization in 1984, while the EU followed suit in 2002. On 29 July, Linde announced that the ministry of foreign affairs would call in the Russian ambassador to explain himself in the wake of him mocking a Swedish volunteer soldier who died in a grenade attack in the Donbas region in Ukraine. She called his words \"reprehensible and tasteless\", with her full statement saying: \"The text his reprehensible and tasteless. The ambassador doesn't mention at all that it was Russia who started the war, but only Russia can stop it\". When a parliamentary majority in favour of Sweden expressing the option of joining NATO emerged in 2020, Linde rejected such plans and reiterated her conviction that the country was best served by independence from alliances. Linde attracted criticism for wearing a headscarf during a visit by a government delegation to Tehran in 2017 when she met president Hassan Rouhani . Being State Secretary at the Ministry of Justice, Linde was one of the first politicians in the Government Offices who received information from the Security Department that there was a potential leak of sensitive information from the Transport Agency . The agency had outsourced parts of its IT services, including a data base with information about holders of driving licences, as well as about the Swedish road infrastructure. As Minister of Foreign Trade , Linde took part in the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution in Iran . Linde's participation was criticized by Iranian community organizations in Sweden , who argued that Linde's participation in the celebration was an insult to all Iranians living in Sweden who had to flee the Islamic regime. Since 1989, Linde has been married to Mats Eriksson. She has two children. Media related to Ann Linde at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_558"]] [20560, "Sir Peter Ivan Talijancich KNZM , generally known as Peter Talley , is a New Zealand businessman, known for his involvement in the fishing and food industries as the Managing Director of Talley's Group . In the 2002 New Year Honours , Talley was appointed as an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to the fishing industry, export and the community, and he was promoted to Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to business and philanthropy, in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours . This business-related New Zealand biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_560"]] [20561, "Qingpu District , is a suburban district of Shanghai Municipality . Lake Dianshan is located in Qingpu. The population of Qingpu was counted at 1,271,424 people in the 2020 Census. It has an area of 675.11\u00a0km 2 (260.66\u00a0sq\u00a0mi).Qingpu District is the westernmost district of Shanghai Municipality; it is adjacent to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. Around the lake are a number of tourist scenic areas, all complete in tourist facilities. Among the tourist areas is the waterside town Zhujiajiao , a major tourist destination in the Shanghai region.There are currently 21 domestic travel services, three international travel business departments, 14 star-rated hotels, and 3 AAAA-grade tourist spots in Qingpu District.Qingpu's tourist attractions include the Zhujiajiao Ancient Town, Oriental Land, Jinze Ancient Town, Lake Dianshan , and the Qushui Garden. The China offices of Oishi are located here. Baihe, the oldest town in Qingpu District, is famous for its performances of Shanghai opera .Qingpu Prison is in the district.\nThe government of Qingpu: https://www.shqp.gov.cn/shqp/index.htmlThe French School of Shanghai Qingpu Campus and the German School of Shanghai both share the EuroCampus ( Chinese : \u6b27\u6d32\u6821\u56ed ; pinyin : \u014cuzh\u014du Xi\u00e0oyu\u00e1n ) in Qingpu District. The International Philippine School of Shanghai (IPSS) is also in Qingpu District. The Shanghai Business and Information College (SBIC)\uff08Chinese: \u4e0a\u6d77\u5de5\u5546\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u6821\uff09is located at No. 2025 Park East Road, Qingpu District.Qingpu District has three subdistricts and eight towns.", ["2_561"]] [20563, "Marco Ant\u00f4nio Feliciano (born 12 October 1972) is a Brazilian politician as well as a pastor, writer, film producer, and theologian. He has spent his political career representing S\u00e3o Paulo , having served as federal deputy representative since 2011. A polarizing figure in Brazilian politics due to his outspoken conservative views, his election to president of the commission on human rights and minorities caused controversy and protest due to Feliciano's comments regarding Africans, LGBTQ individuals, women, Catholics, among others. Feliciano is the son of a single mother Lucia Maria Feliciano, and grew up in an impoverished environment. He is married to Edileusa de Castro Silva and has three children: Kamilly, Ketlin, and Karen. He is an alumnus of the International Seminary Hosanna and Bible School, located in Pompano Beach, Florida . He is a pastor of the Catedral do Avivamento ( Revival Cathedral ), a neo-charismatic church affiliated with the Assembleias de Deus . Feliciano began preaching at the age of nineteen, but was not allowed to become pastor in the church of Assembly of God in Bel\u00e9m where he attended because he was too young. At the age of 26 he traveled to the United States and was ordained a pastor there under by the Gide\u00f5es Mission\u00e1rios da \u00daltima Hora or GMUH, a sub-group of the Assembly of God in Brazil. Currently there are 14 churches under his leadership in Brazil. In addition to being a pastor and theologian, Feliciano is also a writer with 18 published books, a performer of Christian music, and the producer of 2 evangelical documentaries. In the 2010 Brazilian general election Feliciano was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies from his home state of S\u00e3o Paulo with 212,000 votes. Feliciano voted in favor of the impeachment of then-president Dilma Rousseff . Feliciano voted in favor of 2015 tax reforms and the 2017 Brazilian labor reform , and would vote against a corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer . Feliciano was one of only 10 deputies who opposed the expulsion of then-president of the chamber of deputies Eduardo Cunha for corruption. In July 2019 Feliciano announced that he would run as a vice-presidential candidate in the 2022 Brazilian general election . A long time member of the Social Christian party, in March 2018 Feliciano joined the Podemos party. In March 2011 on his Twitter account, Feliciano posted that \"Africans are descendants from ancestors cursed by Noah.\" Feliciano later defended his statement with several passages from the book of Genesis which he said backed up what he had said. Roberlei Panasiewicz, a theologian at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais , called Feliciano's statement fundamentalist and wrong. In an interview with Danilo Gentili on the television show Agora \u00c9 Tarde on the channel Rede Bandeirantes , Feliciano defended himself against the accusations of racism saying \"After being lynched, they are waking up. I am not racist, my mother is black and I did missionary work in Africa.\" In one of his published books, Feliciano wrote on homosexuals \"The rotten feelings of homosexuality leads to hatred, crime, and rejection. We love homosexuals, but we abhor their promiscuous practices.\" His statements were supported by then fellow federal deputy Jair Bolsonaro . Feliciano was investigated for hate speech for that comment, but was eventually cleared of any wrongdoing. In the closing statements the court said that Feliciano's comments were clearly homophobic and reprehensible, but as no law existed at the time to prosecute homophobia in Brazil, Feliciano could not be formally charged. In August 2013 there was controversy again as there were reports of LGBTQ activists being attacked after a campaign rally by Feliciano in Par\u00e1 . In an interview for an upcoming book titled Religi\u00f5es e pol\u00edtica; uma an\u00e1lise da atua\u00e7\u00e3o dos parlamentares evang\u00e9licos sobre direitos das mulheres e LGBTs no Brasil Feliciano claimed that giving women more rights would undermine relationships and marriage, as well as increasing the likelihood that their children would be gay. In a video posted on the website YouTube in April 2013, Feliciano preaching on an unknown date states in a sermon that Catholics worshiped Satan, and that the customs Catholics have of hanging crucifixs was idol worship which prostituted Jesus and other biblical figures. Feliciano also claimed that Catholicism encouraged homosexuality, saying that \"My Jesus was not meant to be a homosexual neckpiece.\" In March 2013 Marco Feliciano was nominated by his party, the Social Christian Party of Brazil, to serve as the president of the commission on human rights and minorities. The parties leader and spokesperson Everaldo Pereira stated that Feliciano had always been committed to promoting and protecting family values, which extended to human rights according to Pereira. After Feliciano was presented to the panel of federal deputies on 7 March 2013. After he was presented as the sole candidate for the ministry of human rights and minorities, several members including Domingos Dutra , Erika Kokay , Jean Wyllys , Luiz Couto , and Luiza Erundina boycotted the meeting in protest to his nomination. The meeting continued and Feliciano was elected by the remaining 12 members, 11 members voted in favor and one abstained. Speaker of the house Henrique Eduardo Alves commented that \"the situation of the Commission on Human Rights and Minorities has become unsustainable\" and that the decision to appoint Feliciano was the wrong choice. Attorney general and chief prosecutor Roberto Gurgel also stated that Feliciano \"is not suitable\" to take the position due to his views and past comments. His nomination was also criticized by Britain-based human rights organization Amnesty International . Reactions to Feliciano's appointment by right-wing politicians was mostly positive, pastor Silas Malafaia and then-federal deputy Jair Bolsonaro reacted enthusiastically to his appointment, and several pastors and elders of the Assembleias de Deus also voiced their support. Not all the reactions were favorable though, congresswoman Antonia L\u00facia, herself an evangelical and member of the Social Christian Party, said she would resign from her post as vice chair of the commission due to Feliciano's comments. Response by the Brazil's National Bishops' Conference, the main spokespiece for Brazil's Catholic bishops, was mixed. The conference described Feliciano's appointment as a setback for human rights in Brazil, however it also added that they agreed with Feliciano's views regarding abortion and same-sex-marriage. Responding to the uproar and controversy resulting from his appointment, Feliciano claimed \"This manifestation is all because, for the first time in the history of Brazil, a pastor filled with the holy spirit has conquered the space that until yesterday was dominated by Satan.\" In 2016 Feliciano was charged with attempted rape and assault by 22-year-old Patricia Lelis, a PSC activist who attended the same church as the pastor. The deputy chief of staff, Talma Bauer, was arrested for initially being suspected of kidnapping the young woman and forcing her to record videos defending the deputy in order to dismiss the initial complaint. After a police inquiry, Bauer was released and the S\u00e3o Paulo Civil Police concluded that there was no kidnapping or aggression, and requested the arrest of Patr\u00edcia L\u00e9lis for the crimes of slanderous denunciation and extortion against Bauer. Brazilian newspaper Estad\u00e3o reported on August 3, 2019 that The Brazilian Chamber of Deputies reimbursed Deputy Pastor Marco Feliciano the quantity of R$157,000 ($40,000 USD) referring to a dental treatment. He argued that he needed to correct a jaw joint problem and reconstruct the smile with crowns and implants in his mouth. Feliciano said he suffered from chronic pain related to bruxism. \"I don't wish for anyone,\" he said. \u201cI am a politician and a preacher. My mouth is my tool.\" Brazilians have taken to social media to protest what they are calling the golden teeth of Marco Feliciano, and abuse of public money. ", ["2_563"]] [20564, "As coach Hichori Morimoto (Japanese: \u68ee\u672c \u7a00\u54f2, Korean: \uc774\ud76c\ucca0, Hanja : \u674e\u7a00\u54f2, born January 31, 1981) is a Japanese professional baseballer of Korean descent for the Saitama Seibu Lions . He was the number 4 draft pick for the Fighters in 1999 . For years, he was the backup for the most popular player in the league, Tsuyoshi Shinjo . After the 2006 season in which the Fighters won the Japan Series, SHINJO (registered name with capital letters) announced his retirement, in which Morimoto then took over SHINJO's center field spot, and also his number 1 (Morimoto had worn number 46 when SHINJO was playing). Morimoto has alopecia areata , an autoimmune disease that causes loss of body hair.This biographical article relating to a Japanese baseball outfielder is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_564"]] [20567, "The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni , also known by the British title Transformation , was the last of the four major romances by Nathaniel Hawthorne , and was published in 1860 . The Marble Faun , written on the eve of the American Civil War , is set in a fantastical Italy. The romance mixes elements of a fable , pastoral , gothic novel , and travel guide . This romance focuses on four main characters: Miriam, Hilda, Kenyon, and Donatello.Miriam is a beautiful painter with an unknown past. Throughout the novel, she is compared to many other women including Eve , Beatrice Cenci , Judith , and Cleopatra . Miriam is pursued by a mysterious, threatening man who is her \u201cevil genius\u201d through life. Hilda is an innocent copyist. She is compared to the Virgin Mary and the white dove. Her simple, unbendable moral principles can make her severe in spite of her tender heart. Miriam and Hilda are often contrasted.Kenyon is a sculptor who represents rationalist humanism . He cherishes a romantic affection towards Hilda. Donatello, the Count of Monte Beni, is often compared to Adam and is in love with Miriam. Donatello amazingly resembles the marble Faun of Praxiteles , and the novel plays with the characters\u2019 belief that the Count may be a descendant of the antique Faun. Hawthorne, however, withholds a definite statement even in the novel\u2019s concluding chapters and postscript.After writing The Blithedale Romance in 1852, Hawthorne, who was then approaching fifty, was granted a political appointment as American Consul in Liverpool , England, which he held from 1853 to 1857. In 1858, Hawthorne and his wife Sophia Peabody moved the family to Italy and became tourists for a year and a half. In early 1858, Hawthorne was inspired to write his romance when he saw the Faun of Praxiteles in the Palazzo Nuovo of the Capitoline Museum in Rome.Hawthorne began the manuscript and intended to complete it at home, The Wayside , in Concord, Massachusetts . Instead, he returned to England, where he would remain until July 1860, and entirely rewrote the book. On October 10, 1859, he wrote to his American publisher James T. Fields that his wife enjoyed what she had read thus far and \"speaks of it very rapturously. If she liked the author less, I should feel much encouraged by her liking the Romance so much. I likewise (to confess the truth) admire it exceedingly, at intervals, but am liable to cold fits, during which I think it the most infernal nonsense.\" Sophia wrote to her sister Elizabeth Peabody that her husband's reaction was typical: \"As usual, he thinks the book good for nothing... He has regularly despised each one of his books immediately upon finishing it.\" Hawthorne struggled with a title for his new book. He considered several, including Monte Beni; or, The Faun: A Romance , The Romance of a Faun , Marble and Life; a Romance , Marble and Man; a Romance , and St. Hilda's Shrine . The book was published simultaneously in America and England in late 1860; the title for the British edition was Transformation: Or the Romance of Monte Beni . The alternate title was chosen by the publishers and was used against Hawthorne's wishes. Both titles continue to be used today in the U.K. Encouraged to write a book long enough to fill three volumes, Hawthorne included extended descriptions that critics found distracting or boring. Complaints about the ambiguous ending led Hawthorne to add a postscript to the second edition. [ citation needed ]Ralph Waldo Emerson called the novel \"mush\" but James Russell Lowell was pleased with it and praised it as a Christian parable. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow privately wrote that it was a \"wonderful book\" but that it had \"the old, dull pain in it that runs through all of Hawthorne's writings\". Reviews were generally favorable, though many were confused by the ending. William Dean Howells later wrote: \"Everybody was reading it, and more or less bewailing its indefinite close, but yielding him that full honor and praise which a writer can hope for but once in his life.\" Friend and critic Edwin Percy Whipple noted that, even if Hawthorne had written nothing else, The Marble Faun would qualify him as a master of English composition. John Lothrop Motley wrote a long private letter to Hawthorne full of effusive praise:With regard to the story, which has been slightly criticised, I can only say that to me it is quite satisfactory. I like those shadowy, weird, fantastic, Hawthornesque shapes flitting through the golden gloom which is the atmosphere of the book. I like the misty way in which the story is indicated rather than revealed. The outlines are quite definite enough, from the beginning to the end, to those who have imagination enough to follow you in your airy flights; and to those who complain, I suppose nothing less than an illustrated edition with a large gallows on the last page, with Donatello in the most pensive of attitudes, his ears revealed at last through a white nightcap, would be satisfactory. In 1977 the novel was adapted into a three-part Italian miniseries, produced by RAI and directed by Silverio Blasi . The novel was adapted into an opera with music by Ellen Bender and a libretto by Jessica Treadway , completed in 1996. ", ["2_567"]] [20568, "Kjell \u00c5kerstr\u00f8m Hansen Rodian (30 June 1942 \u2013 29 December 2007) was a Danish cyclist who won an individual silver medal in the road race at the 1964 Olympics. After that he semi-retired for nine years, and after returning to cycling rode the Peace Race in 1973\u201375. He also placed second-third at the national championships in 1974, both on the road and on track. This article about a Danish Olympic medalist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This biographical article relating to Danish cycling is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_568"]] [20569, "Wagner Mani\u00e7oba de Moura ( Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u0261ne\u027e \u02c8mow\u027ea] ; born 27 June 1976) is a Brazilian actor. He is known for his roles as Spider in the science fiction movie Elysium (2013) and the lead role of Pablo Escobar in the Netflix series Narcos from 2015 to 2016, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination. ", ["2_569"]] [20571, "Weston is a small town located on the west coast of the Malaysian state of Sabah , about 100 kilometers south of Kota Kinabalu , the state capital. Weston is part of the Beaufort District in the Interior Division and was named after Arthur J. West, a railway engineer for the North Borneo Chartered Company . Weston is one of the towns along the Pan Borneo Highway . The original name of the settlement was Sugin Lawas . When the North Borneo Chartered Company commissioned the town as the terminus of the North Borneo Railway to Beaufort , it was renamed West Town in honor of the railway engineer Arthur J. West, which later changed the current name, Weston.When the first railway section was built in the 1890s, William Clarke Cowie had chosen the location at the mouth of the Padas River as a seemingly suitable port for the shipping of natural rubber and tobacco. However, it soon became clear that the harbour was too shallow for larger ships. Weston's importance faded when the railway line was extended to Jesselton in 1906. Weston was one of the ports used by the Japanese Army in the invasion of North Borneo. From Weston, the Japanese troops first moved towards Beaufort and from there, transported part of their troops by railway to Jesselton, which was occupied by the Japanese from 6 January 1941. Weston was also one of the starting points for the liberation of North Borneo for the Australian 9th Division . On 19 June 1945, Weston was captured by Allied troops. When the Brunei Revolt broke out in Brunei on 8 December 1962, the rebellion quickly spread across the border to Limbang , Lawas and Miri in Sarawak and Weston and Sipitang in North Borneo, as these places were traditionally associated with the Sultanate. Thanks to the quick and decisive intervention of the British governor, Sir William Goode , the rebels in Sipitang and Weston were isolated and disarmed just two days later. On 10 December, a total of 60 rebels were arrested in Weston and a large amount of weapons were confiscated. Train service between Beaufort and Weston was finally closed in 1963.Weston is one of the cities along the west coast whose historic buildings have disappeared, with a few exceptions. The following buildings have been preserved from the time before the Second World War :According to population statistics from 2010, the city has 334 inhabitants, mostly Malays (72%). The remaining residents of Weston, which is around 1,700 people, are spread across the surrounding villages and settlements.Parts of the Padas River estuary are protected as Weston Wetland Park (WWP). The wetland is one of the largest estuarine habitats in the northern part of Borneo . The wetland biotope is a retreat area for proboscis monkeys . This Sabah location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_571"]] [20572, "Kim Ha-eun (born Kim Hyun-jin; January 3, 1984) is a South Korean actress . She is best known for her roles in the television series Conspiracy in the Court , and The Slave Hunters . She is also the CEO of the online clothing store 301\ud638 \uace0\uc591\uc774. ", ["2_572"]] [20574, "Cultural Centre ( Bosnian : Centar za kulturu ) is a city-sponsored art institution in Mostar , Bosnia and Herzegovina . During the month of July, the Centre organizes the Mostar Summer Festival (Mostarski Ljetni Festival) that has been held annually for over twenty years. The festival includes various art events such as concerts, theatre performances, puppet-shows, art exhibitions, poetry readings, and book presentations. Cultural Centre's address is Rade Bitange 13 and its phone number is +387 (0)36 580 216.", ["2_574"]] [20577, "Sosn\u00f3wka Lake is a retention reservoir and reservoir for drinking water located in the southern part of the Jelenia G\u00f3ra Valley , Lower Silesian Voivodeship ; in Poland . The reservoir has been in use since 2001. This Poland location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_577"]] [20579, "Bonito is a comune in the Province of Avellino , in the Region of Campania , Italy . Located in the southern Apennines upon a rounded knoll, it overlooks the Ufita Valley within the historical district of Irpinia . The town is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia and its territory borders with the municipalities of Apice , Grottaminarda , Melito Irpino , and Mirabella Eclano .This Campanian location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_579"]] [20581, "Les Dana\u00efdes is an opera by Antonio Salieri , in five acts: more specifically, it is a trag\u00e9die lyrique . The opera was set to a libretto by Fran\u00e7ois-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet and Louis-Th\u00e9odore de Tschudi , who in turn adapted the work of Ranieri de' Calzabigi (without permission). Calzabigi originally wrote the libretto of Les Dana\u00efdes for Christoph Willibald Gluck , but the aged composer, who had just experienced a stroke , was unable to meet the Op\u00e9ra's schedule and so asked Salieri to take it over. The plot of the opera is based on Greek tragedy and revolves around the deeds of the mythological characters Danaus and Hypermnestra . Emperor Joseph II assured that Salieri wrote the music \"almost under the dict\u00e9e of Gluck,\" in a letter (dated 31 March 1783) to Count Mercy-Argenteau, the Austrian ambassador in Paris . Then Mercy told the directors of the Op\u00e9ra that Gluck had composed the first two acts, and Salieri supplied the third act's music (Mercy did not realize the opera was in five acts). Even when the libretto was published, Gluck and Salieri shared billing as the composers. Though flattered, Gluck was not foolish enough to risk too close an association with young Salieri's work and diplomatically informed the press: \"The music of Dana\u00efdes is completely by Salieri, my only part in it having been to make suggestions which he willingly accepted.\" Gluck, who had been devastated by the failure of his last Paris opera, Echo et Narcisse , was concerned that Les Dana\u00efdes would suffer a similar fate. He wrote to Roullet the same day that the opera premiered, crediting Salieri with the entire work, and the press noted this confession. Salieri made a positive twist on Gluck\u2019s statement, claiming that he was \"led by [Gluck\u2019s] wisdom and enlightened by his genius\". Les Dana\u00efdes was orchestrated for 2 traversos , 2 oboes , 2 clarinets , 2 bassoons , 2 horns , 2 trumpets , 3 trombones , first violins , second violins, violas , cellos , double-basses , timpani and harpsichord .Salieri's use of trombones to delineate infernal moments in the drama has often been viewed of as a precedent for Mozart's similar orchestration in Don Giovanni . Stylistically, Salieri combined the direct simplicity of Gluck's innovations with the concern for melody of Italian composers, though the frequent use of chorus owes much to French traditions, as did the munificent staging, which much impressed Berlioz.Hypermnestra's soprano, which dominates the opera in a manner that anticipates the soprano-centered opera of Luigi Cherubini and Gaspare Spontini , is technically well written, and although Salieri didn't develop the basic material beyond the formulas inherited from Gluck, his music is more melodic and lyrical. The fine soprano role, the tremendously grim finale, and the brevity of Les Dana\u00efdes (ten minutes under two hours) have ensured that the opera has made it onto CD. Salieri was certainly aware of his role in continuing the Gluckian tradition of the trag\u00e9die lyrique , with the attention to the relationship between text and music. The orchestral recitatives, choruses, and ballets also follow the model for French opera supplied by Gluck. Furthermore, the music itself is infused with the 'noble simplicity' that characterizes the older composer's reform operas. At the same time, Les Dana\u00efdes marked a progression from number opera to the dramatically more consequent through-composed scenic opera. A lyricism associated with Niccol\u00f2 Piccinni and Antonio Sacchini , who also composed for Paris, can also be heard in Les Dana\u00efdes .The opera was first performed at the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Musique (Paris Op\u00e9ra) on 26 April 1784 and was, at the time, so great a success that the theatre commissioned two more works from Salieri. It was subsequently staged by the Paris Op\u00e9ra over 120 times up to the 1820s, and in the rest of Europe, as well, in no less than four different editions, some of which reduced to four acts instead of the five ones usual at the Op\u00e9ra, and translated into different languages such as German.Gaspare Spontini directed the fourth edition of the opera on 22 October 1817 for the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Musique, in the Salle Montansier of the rue Richelieu, with the addition of a \"Gran Bacchanale\" [ scores ] written by himself and of other music by Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis , Henri Fran\u00e7ois Berton and Ferdinando Pa\u00ebr . It must have been a revival of this edition (or of a similar one) that delighted, some years later, shortly after his arrival in Paris, the young Berlioz , who would later reveal that he had been, at the same time, exceptionally \"excited and disturbed\" by Spontini's additions. ", ["2_581"]] [20584, "Charles Baker (1809 \u2013 August 3, 1891), also known as Henry Baker , was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1809 in the Georgetown area of Washington, D.C., Baker was living in New York City when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a quarter gunner on the USS Metacomet . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he was among the crew of a small boat sent from Metacomet to rescue survivors of the USS Tecumseh , which had been sunk by a naval mine (then known as \"torpedoes\"). Despite intense fire, the boat crew was able to pull ten Tecumseh men from the water. For this action, Baker was awarded the Medal of Honor a year and a half later, on January 15, 1866. Baker's first name is given in some records as \"Henry\", and his medal is inscribed with that name. Five other members of the boat crew also received the Medal of Honor: Seaman James Avery , Ordinary Seaman John C. Donnelly , Captain of the Forecastle John Harris , Seaman Henry Johnson , and Landsman Daniel Noble . Baker's official Medal of Honor citation reads:Served on board the U.S.S. Metacomet . As a member of the boat's crew which went to the rescue of the U.S. monitor Tecumseh when that vessel was struck by a torpedo in passing the enemy forts in Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864, Q.G. Baker braved the enemy fire which was said by the admiral [ David Farragut ] to be \"one of the most galling\" he had ever seen, and aided in rescuing from death 10 of the crew of the Tecumseh , eliciting the admiration of both friend and foe. Baker died on August 3, 1891, at age 80 or 81 and was buried at Mount Moriah Cemetery in lot 296 of the Naval Plot. Biography portal American Civil War portal", ["2_584"]] [20586, "Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt , later Cecil , later Bulkely-Johnson , later Goodsir (August 22, 1900 \u2013 February 7, 1976) was an American born heiress and member of the Vanderbilt family who inherited the Biltmore Estate . She was known for her eccentric behavior. Cornelia was born at the Biltmore Estate in North Carolina on August 22, 1900. She was the daughter, and only child, of George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862\u20131914) and Edith Stuyvesant Dresser (1873\u20131958). Her father, the youngest child of William Henry Vanderbilt and Maria Louisa ( n\u00e9e Kissam) Vanderbilt, built a 250-room mansion, the largest privately owned home in the United States , which he named Biltmore Estate . The estate, designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt , was modeled on the Chateau de Blois among other chateaux of the Loire Valley. She was the great-granddaughter of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt , and, on her mother\u2019s side, she was a descendant of Peter Stuyvesant . After her father's death in 1914, Cornelia inherited the Biltmore estate. Her mother sold approximately 86,000 acres (350\u00a0km 2 ) of the Biltmore property to the United States Forest Service to create the core of Pisgah National Forest . Her mother later married Peter Goelet Gerry (1879\u20131957), a United States senator from Rhode Island . Cornelia attended the Madeira School for high school. She was privately tutored and attended the University of North Carolina for approximately a year. When she reached 21 years old, she received an annuity of $2,000,000 and at the age of 25, she received her full inheritance of $5,000,000 from her father, who had inherited $10,000,000 from his father and spent millions on Biltmore and a New York townhouse on Fifth Avenue. On April 29, 1924, Cornelia was married to a British aristocrat who was then the first secretary of the British Embassy in Washington , Hon. John Francis Amherst Cecil (1890\u20131954), the son of Lord William Cecil and Mary Cecil, Baroness Amherst of Hackney . The Cecils were descendants of William Cecil . The nationally renowned organist from St. Louis Charles Henry Galloway played organ at the wedding. They divorced in 1934. Cornelia Vanderbilt and Cecil were the parents of two sons: Around 1932, reportedly finding life at Biltmore too dull, she moved to New York City to briefly study art, leaving her husband to manage Biltmore. A few months later, she moved to Paris where she divorced her husband in 1934, dyed her hair bright pink, and changed her name to Nilcha. After her 1934 move abroad, she never returned to Biltmore or the United States again. After Paris, she moved to London, where she met and married Captain Vivian Francis Bulkeley-Johnson (1891\u20131968) in October 1949. Bulkeley-Johnson, the aide-de-camp to the 9th Duke of Devonshire when he was the Governor General of Canada from 1916 to 1918, served in the offices of the Imperial War Cabinet in World War I and in the Air Ministry . They remained married until his death in 1968. One evening as she was having dinner with Edward Adamson in London, Cornelia met William Robert \"Bill\" Goodsir, their waiter with whom she fell in love. In 1972, Cornelia married for the third and final time to Goodsir (1926\u20131984), who was 26 years younger than she was. She was a friend and supporter of Adamson, the pioneer of Art Therapy , and tried unsuccessfully to fund his post at Netherne Hospital , and the Adamson Collection through her Mrs Smith Trust (correspondence in Edward Adamson Archive at the Wellcome Library ).Cornelia died on February 7, 1976, aged 75, in Oxford , England . Her ashes were placed at a church near her home, The Mount, a farm in the village of Churchill in Oxfordshire , near Kingham . Vanderbilt's sons eventually inherited the Biltmore estate, with George Cecil, the older of the two sons, choosing to inherit the majority of the estate's land and the Biltmore Farms Company, which was more profitable than the house at the time. The younger son, William Cecil, was thus left with Biltmore House. He is credited with preserving the chateau, which is open to the public (although still privately owned). Through George, Vanderbilt was the grandmother of six, and through William, she was the grandmother of two more. ", ["2_586"]] [20587, "Timothy Commerford (born February 26, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist for rock band Rage Against the Machine and supergroups Audioslave and Prophets of Rage . Since 2013 and 2015, respectively, he has also been the lead singer and bassist of the bands Future User and Wakrat . He was ranked eighth on Paste magazine's list of \"20 Underrated Bass Guitarists\" in 2014. Commerford was born on February 26, 1968, in Irvine, California . Growing up, he was a fan of Rush , Gene Simmons , Sid Vicious , Steve Harris , and Geddy Lee . In 1991, following the break-up of the band Lock Up featuring guitarist Tom Morello , the band's drummer, Jon Knox , encouraged Commerford and Zack de la Rocha to jam with Tom Morello. Tom soon called drummer Brad Wilk , who had unsuccessfully auditioned for Lock Up. This line-up went on to form Rage Against the Machine. After frequenting the L.A. club circuit, Rage Against the Machine signed a record deal with Epic Records in 1992. That same year, the band released their self-titled debut. They achieved a phenomenal amount of mainstream success and released three more studio albums.Commerford's appearances on Rage Against the Machine's studio records have been marked with a running joke where his credits on the record were under nicknames, such as \"Y Tim K\" or \"Tim.com\".On September 7, 2000, Commerford climbed atop onstage scaffolding during the MTV Music Video Awards , and disrupted the proceedings when Limp Bizkit won an award. Commerford was arrested that evening, and a disgruntled de la Rocha quit the band soon after.After de la Rocha left Rage Against the Machine, music producer Rick Rubin suggested the three remaining members of Rage get together with then-former Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell , and \"see what happens\". The newly formed Audioslave later released their eponymous debut album in November 2002, which would attain triple platinum status. On February 15, 2007, Chris Cornell officially announced his departure from Audioslave, thus disbanding the group.On April 29, 2007, Rage Against the Machine reunited at the Coachella Music Festival , and later played additional shows in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and England throughout 2007-2011.Commerford co-founded the band Future User , together with Jordan Tarlow (keys), Jon Knox (drums) and producer Brendan O'Brien (guitars). Commerford plays bass and is the vocalist of the band. Commerford hid several months under the S.W.I.M persona on the first music videos, before unmasking himself in the \"Mountain Lion\" video. The \"Mountain Lion\" video featured road racing cyclist Lance Armstrong , a close friend of Commerford, while a skateboarding Commerford appears to inject himself with a steroid . In 2015, he formed \" punk and hardcore -influenced band\", named Wakrat . The band also features drummer Mathias Wakrat and guitarist Laurent Grangeon. The band debuted their first single, \"Knucklehead\", in September 2015. In 2022, Commerford launched a new project, 7D7D, with Mathias Wakrat and Jonny Polonsky . The group debuted their first single, \"Capitalism\", in November. In 2016, Commerford reunited with Tom Morello and Brad Wilk , and was joined by Chuck D and B-Real to form supergroup Prophets of Rage . They play covers from their Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill material, and new material as well.Commerford and drummer Brad Wilk contributed to Maynard James Keenan 's side project Puscifer and his album \"V\" Is for Vagina on the track \"Momma Sed\". Both have taken part in the production of Dave Grohl 's 2013 Sound City soundtrack , with the track \"Time Slowing Down\". In 2010, Commerford was interviewed and appeared in the documentary Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage . In 2001, Commerford married his longtime girlfriend, Aleece Dimas. They have two sons together. In November 2018, the couple announced they were divorcing. Commerford is a self-described \" conspiracy theorist \". In a Rolling Stone interview in 2015, he claimed that the Moon landing was faked and he confronted Buzz Aldrin about it at a John Cusack movie premiere. In the same interview, Commerford also stated that he does not believe ISIS is real and cast doubt upon the ISIS beheading videos : They're not real. They're high-def. They have a soundtrack. The parts of those videos that you couldn't fake are edited out. At first, I thought it was edited out by our government so our kids wouldn't be seeing it on the Internet, but no. That's the way those videos came. The knife starts to cut the neck, and then it fades out. There's too much stuff that doesn't look real. They've edited out the parts that would be too hard to fake. We created Jihadi John and ISIS so we can go drop bombs . In December 2022, Commerford revealed he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer earlier in the year, and had undergone surgery prior to going on tour with Rage Against the Machine that summer. Commerford has been using various Music Man StingRay basses since 2016, a brand he has liked since his beginnings with Rage Against The Machine. MusicMan released several custom Artist Series basses in 2021. He previously used Fender Jazz Basses with Fender Precision Bass necks and Lakland basses. Rage Against the MachineAudioslaveFuture UserWakratProphets of Rage", ["2_587"]] [20588, "The Honourable William Leslie (8 August 1751 \u2013 3 January 1777) was a British nobleman and soldier. He was the second son of the Earl of Leven and Melville from Scotland and a captain in the 17th Foot of the British Army during the American War of Independence . He was mortally wounded during the Battle of Princeton and buried with military honours by American General George Washington at Pluckemin, New Jersey . Leslie was born on 8 August 1751 to David Leslie, 6th Earl of Leven and Wilhelmina Nisbet. He was the nephew of General Alexander Leslie . During the summer of 1767, he became a friend of Benjamin Rush , who was then studying medicine at University of Edinburgh and had visited the estate of the Earl of Leven. In 1771, he joined the 42nd Highlanders ; then switched to the 17th Foot and was promoted to lieutenant in 1773, and to captain in 1776. Sent to America in 1776, he served in the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of Fort Washington . Leslie was one of many who died during the Battle of Princeton on 3 January 1777. According to Lieutenant William Armstrong of the 17th Regiment, Leslie \"fell in the first fire.\" Surgeon Andrew Wardrop, also of the 17th, stated that \"no sooner [he'd] received the shots than he instantly expired without a groan.\" The British put his body in a wagon that was later taken by the Americans, Leslie's body was identified by General Thomas Mifflin. The following day his friend Benjamin Rush learned of Leslie's death from British Captain John McPherson while treating the wounded at Princeton. On 5 January at Pluckemin , General George Washington ordered military honors for the burial when he learned Leslie was a friend of Rush. The gravestone is in the graveyard of the former St. Paul's Lutheran Church (built 1757), where the Pluckemin Presbyterian Church is now located. In The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 , the painter John Trumbull displays several events of the battle. At the centre, General Hugh Mercer , with his dead horse beneath him, is mortally wounded. At the left, Captain Daniel Neil is bayoneted against a cannon. At the right, Leslie is shown mortally wounded. In the background, Washington and Rush enter the scene. After the war, Dr. Benjamin Rush placed a gravestone in Leslie's memory at the Pluckemin graveyard. As the original had crumbled, a replacement with the same inscription was erected c. 1836 by Professor Ogilby of Rutgers University at the request of David Leslie-Melville, 8th Earl of Leven . His gravestone is honoured by both British and Scottish flags.In Memory of the Hon. ble Capt. n WILL. M LESLIE, of the 17th British Regiment , Son of the Earl of Leven, in Scotland. He fell Jan. y 3. d , 1777 Aged 26 years, at the battle of Princeton His friend, Benj. Rush, M.D., of Philadelphia hath caused this Stone to be erected as a mark of his esteem for his worth and of his respect for his noble family", ["2_588"]] [20590, "The Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box is a heritage-listed former railway bridge and now railway signal box at Gas Works Lane, Lithgow , City of Lithgow , New South Wales , Australia. It was designed by New South Wales Government Railways and built from 1885 to 1925 by NSW Government Railways. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity , an agency of the Government of New South Wales . It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 30 August 2013. The line opened in 1869 but there was no station for Lithgow until 1877. Lithgow Coal Stage Box is the third built in this locality and was constructed in 1925 to cater for the expanded marshalling yards and locomotive depot which replaced the original Eskbank locomotive depot. It was a standard design of the period. The box takes its name from the 1888 unique on-line overhead coaling bunker, now demolished, but which existed when the box was built and was situated immediately westwards. It controlled access to and from the locomotive depot, local colliery branch lines as well as locomotives using the 1888 on-line overhead coaling bunker. Initially, it contained 64 mechanical levers but now many of those are not in use. In 1957 with electrification of the Lithgow Yard its signalling system was adapted for changing technology including electric light signalling. The original timber steps have been replaced by metal steps. The complex comprises a type 1, timber elevated coal stage signal box, erected in 1925. Externally, the Signal Box is a large rectangular elevated timber framed traditional signal box of a standard design with a hipped corrugated iron roof, lapped timber weatherboard wall cladding and timber framed sliding multi-pane sash windows . At the east end there is a recent steel framed staircase with a landing above the ground floor entry door. Internally, the signal control room's walls are clad with flat beaded edge boards with flat asbestos cement panels sheeting to the ceiling. The signal and point control level mechanism remains of 64 levers while 41 still operating levers have been sympathetically adapted to operate the power light signals, points and track diagram. Also retained is an older model of telephone system, bells and other signal tools. The ground floor has exposed timber frame and ceiling/floor with the chains and rods of the interlocking lever mechanism. The space is also used for storage purposes. As at 10 December 2009, the condition of the building and equipment is good. The Signal Box retains a high level of intactness, and its integrity is excellent due to its operational status. As at 2 December 2008, the Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box is significant as a large and imposing elevated timber signal box that has remained in continuous operation since 1925. The signal box retains most of its original equipment and is an excellent example of a traditional early 1900s elevated timber railway signal box, sympathetically adapted to operate electric light signals and power activated points mechanisms. It is now one of the largest signal boxes remaining from a relatively small sub-group of standard railway building types. Located close to Eskbank railway station , the signal box is an important part of the larger historic Lithgow railway corridor controlling access to and from Eskbank locomotive depot, local colliery branch lines as well as locomotives using the nearby 1888 on-line overhead coaling bunker. As such, the signal box has strong associations with the surrounding industrial history of Lithgow, and remains as an important element in the evolution of railway operations in the area. Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 30 August 2013 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box is of historical significance as one of the largest and most intact traditional timber signal boxes remaining in the State and continues in operating condition dating from 1925. It is part of the larger Lithgow railway historic precinct and marks an important phase in the evolution of railway operations in the city. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.The Coal Stage signal box has strong associations with the earlier coaling operations as well as the branch colliery and other industrial lines in particular the State Mine and Power Station line. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.Coal Stage Signal Box is of aesthetic significance as an excellent and intact example of the traditional larger timber elevated signal box. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.The Signal Box has a high level of both technical and research potential for its ability to demonstrate characteristics and design requirements of standard elevated timber boxes of the 1920s as well as changing technology in the signalling system. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.Coal Stage Signal Box is relatively rare as an operating box of this vintage. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.The Signal Box is a representative example of traditional timber elevated signal boxes of its design. Other examples at Homebush , Parramatta , Mount Victoria , Hamilton , (brick) Lithgow Yard, Katoomba , Newnes Junction (weatherboard). This Wikipedia article was originally based on Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box , entry number 01832 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence , accessed on 2 June 2018.", ["2_590"]] [20592, "Alexey Nikolayevich Lysenkov ( Russian : \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 ; born January 26, 1965, Kiev ) is a Russian television presenter. He is pro-rector of the International Institute for Film, showman, Television and Radio Broadcasting. He studied at the Shchukin School under Alla Kazanskaya .Since 1992, he has been the writer and host of Your Own Director [ ru ] ( 2x2 ; Russia-1 ).", ["2_592"]] [20593, "The West Nottingham Meetinghouse , or Little Brick Meetinghouse, is a historic Friends meeting house located at Rising Sun , Cecil County , Maryland , United States . It is a brick one-story building built in 1811, rectangularly shaped, and measuring 45 feet, 4 inches by 30 feet. Also on the property is a graveyard. The structure features two entrances, one for women and one for men, and sliding panels to divide the interior space in half, as well as the raised \"Elder's Benches.\" The West Nottingham Meetinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. This article about a Registered Historic Place in Cecil County , Maryland is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Quaker-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_593"]] [20594, "Sir Robert Kinsela Workman KNZM QSO (born 1940 or 1941), commonly known as Kim Workman , is a New Zealand criminal justice advocate. Following the Dawn Raids , Workman resigned as a senior sergeant in Lower Hutt police force over his opposition to the racism displayed in the police response. He served as Families Commissioner between 2008 and 2011, having previously been the national director of Prison Fellowship New Zealand. Workman has been a long-time advocate of prisoners' rights and for reform in the criminal justice system: he founded the Robson Hanan Trust, which is responsible for the Rethinking Crime and Punishment strategy, and was also the founder of JustSpeak, a youth network seeking changes in the criminal justice system, in 2011. From 2012 to 2013, he was a member of board of the Prisoners Aid and Rehabilitation Trust, and in 2013 he was appointed as an adjunct research fellow at Victoria University of Wellington 's Institute of Criminology. In March 2021, he was appointed chair of an independent research panel investigating unconscious bias in New Zealand Police. In the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours , Workman was named a Companion of the Queen's Service Order , for services to prisoner welfare. In the 2019 New Year Honours , Workman was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to prisoner welfare and the justice sector. Workman has been conferred honorary Doctor of Literature degrees by both Victoria University of Wellington (2016) and Massey University (2017). He was named Senior New Zealander of the Year at the 2018 New Zealander of the Year Awards . Of M\u0101ori descent, Workman affiliates to Ng\u0101ti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa . This New Zealand law-related biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_594"]] [20595, "Palais Royale Building , also known as the Lippman Building, is a historic commercial building located in South Bend , St. Joseph County, Indiana . It was built in 1922 along with the neighboring Palace Theater by the Palace Theater Corporation. It is a three-story, rectangular, Spanish Renaissance Revival -style brick building with finely crafted terra cotta ornamentation. It features a series of monumental semi-elliptical arched windows. The interior originally housed a two-story ballroom . A bombing on January 10, 1935, blew out most of the storefront windows and destroyed the corner suite. :\u200a2\u20134 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. This article about a property in St. Joseph County, Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_595"]] [20596, "Ibrahim Mohammed Awal (born 1962) is a Ghanaian journalist, marketer, entrepreneur and politician. He was CEO of Graphic Communications Group and Chase Petroleum. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and has served as Minister of Business Development of Ghana since 2017. He was the Minister for Tourism, Arts and Culture. Ibrahim Awal attended Ghana Senior High School in the Northern Region of Ghana before proceeding to the Ghana Institute of Journalism in Accra . He holds a Masters in Applied Business Research from the Swiss Business School , Switzerland , and an Executive Masters in Business Administration from the University of Ghana Business School , Legon . He obtained a master's degree in International Journalism from the University of Wales , United Kingdom . As of January 2017, he was pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration at the Swiss Business School. After completing the school of journalism, Mohammed Awal joined the Graphic Communications Group Limited first as a reporter and later page editor. He was promoted to the position of general manager for marketing after a brief stint as the advertising manager. He was appointed as chief executive officer of the company in 2007. He resigned in 2010 to take up the position of managing director of Chase Petroleum \u2014 a downstream oil marketing company. In 2009, he was awarded the Marketing Man of the year for his contribution towards marketing in Ghana by the Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana. At the time of his appointment, Mohammed Awal was the CEO of Marble Communication Group Limited, a private publishing house in Ghana. On 12 January 2017, Mohammed Awal was nominated by President Akuffo-Addo for the position of Minister for Business Development. The ministry was a new ministry and is to formulate policies and facilitate the work of Ghana's private sector. His appointment was hailed by the Ghana Union of Traders , the Association of Ghana Industries and the general business community in the country with most wondering why it had not been established earlier under previous governments. He was vetted by the appointments committee of the Parliament of Ghana on 7 February 2017. During his vetting he made known to the committee that he would help set up 20 bid companies by 2020 to reduce unemployment. Under this policy his ministry would help promote the interest of business by reducing interest rates, do away with nuisance taxes and speed up the rate for business registration while protecting locally manufactured goods from unfair competition from foreign imports. Another policy he announced to the committee was to ensure that more women in Ghana could own their own business. He was approved by parliament and sworn in by President Akuffo-Addo on 10 February 2017. In May 2017, he made it known that it was his ministry's plan encourage the private sector to grow the economy and triple annual gross domestic product to 200 billion cedis by 2020. Dr. Awal has disclosed at the launch of the Zongo Business Initiative in Tamale that government has allocated \u00a210m to support Zongo youth entrepreneurs in the five regions of the north, to help flake up their businesses. Mohammed Awal is Muslim and is married with four children. ", ["2_596"]] [20597, "The Hanging Hills of south central Connecticut , United States, are a range of mountainous trap rock ridges overlooking the city of Meriden and the Quinnipiac River Valley 900 feet (274\u00a0m) below. They are a subrange of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut , north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. The range is also a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains . A popular outdoor recreation resource, the range is known for its microclimate ecosystems, rare plant communities, and expansive views from cliffs that rise abruptly over 700 feet (213\u00a0m) above the surrounding landscape. The Hanging Hills encompass the 1,800-acre (7.3\u00a0km 2 ) Hubbard Park , designed with the help of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted . The 51 mile (80k) Metacomet Trail traverses the range. Located within the towns of Meriden, Southington , and Berlin , the range, roughly horseshoe-shaped with cliff faces oriented south and west, includes, from east to west, Cathole Mountain 515 feet (157\u00a0m), South Mountain 767 feet (234\u00a0m), East Peak 976 feet (297\u00a0m), and West Peak 1,024 feet (312\u00a0m). Castle Craig is a small stone tower built in 1900 on East Peak. The Metacomet Ridge extends north from the Hanging Hills as Short Mountain and Ragged Mountain and southeast as Lamentation Mountain .The south, east, and west sides of the Hanging Hills drain into the Quinnipiac River , thence into Long Island Sound ; the north side into the Mattabesset River , to the Connecticut River , thence to Long Island Sound. Several notable reservoirs and natural bodies of water are located within the Hanging Hills or beneath its slopes, including Kenmere Reservoir, Hallmere Reservoir, Elmere Reservoir, Beaver Pond, Silver Lake, Mirror Lake, and Slopers Ponds. Merimere Reservoir, nestled between South Mountain and East Peak and punctuated by the rocky mass of Mine Island, is considered particularly scenic. The Hanging Hills' Hubbard Park was financed by Walter Hubbard, local entrepreneur and president of the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company. Hubbard elicited the assistance of eminent landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in drawing up the design. Edwin Howard Armstrong , a network radio pioneer who invented FM radio , used West Peak as the location of one of the first FM radio broadcasts, in 1939. His original 70-foot (21 m) radio mast still stands on the peak. Currently, West Peak is home to seven FM broadcast stations, WPKT , WWYZ , WKSS , WDRC-FM , WZMX , WHCN and WMRQ-FM .The fault-block Hanging Hills were formed 200 million years ago during the Triassic and Jurassic periods and are composed of trap rock, also known as basalt , an extrusive volcanic rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique \"postpile\" appearance. Huge slopes made of fractured basalt scree are visible beneath many of the ledges of the Hanging Hills; they are particularly visible along the base of East Peak where it plunges into Merimere Reservoir. The basalt cliffs are the product of several massive lava flows hundreds of feet deep that welled up in faults created by the rifting apart of North America from Eurasia and Africa . These basalt floods of lava happened over a period of 20 million years. Erosion occurring between the eruptions deposited deep layers of sediment between the lava flows, which eventually lithified into sedimentary rock . The resulting \"layer cake\" of basalt and sedimentary sheets eventually faulted and tilted upward. Subsequent erosion wore away the weaker sedimentary layers a faster rate than the basalt layers, leaving the abruptly tilted edges of the basalt sheets exposed, creating the distinct linear ridge and dramatic cliff faces visible today. The best way to imagine this is to picture a layer cake tilted slightly up with some of the frosting (the sedimentary layer) removed in between. Subsequent scour by moving glacial ice plucked away the basalt from the steep southern end of the crest of the broken ridge, creating overhanging cliffs. In the Meriden region, numerous northeast-trending normal faults offset the volcanic flows and intervening sedimentary rocks. Several of these faults break the Metacomet Ridge north of Meriden. Stream erosion and glacial ice carved canyons along these faults, dividing the ridge into the finger-like promontories of the Hanging Hills. Merimere Reservoir was built in the fault-controlled valley between East Peak and South Mountain. The Hanging Hills host a combination of microclimates unusual in New England . Dry, hot upper ridges support oak savannas , often dominated by chestnut oak and a variety of understory grasses and ferns. Eastern red cedar , a dry-loving species, clings to the barren edges of cliffs. Cooler north facing backslopes tend to support extensive stands of eastern hemlock interspersed with the oak-hickory forest species more common in the surrounding lowlands. Narrow ravines crowded with hemlock block sunlight, creating damp, cooler growing conditions with associated cooler climate plant species. Talus slopes are especially rich in nutrients and support a number of calcium-loving plants uncommon in eastern Connecticut. Because the trap rock ridges generate such varied terrain, they are the home of several plant and animal species that are state-listed or globally rare. The Hanging Hills are also an important seasonal raptor migration path. The Hanging Hills are a popular outdoor recreation resource. Hubbard Park features a bandshell and flower gardens and is the site of a variety of local festivals and concerts, most notably the spring Daffodil Festival. A park road leads to Castle Craig Tower and is open from April through October from 10:00\u00a0a.m. to 5:00\u00a0p.m. A number of trails, most notably the 51 mile (80k) blue-blazed Metacomet Trail (maintained by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association ), traverse the range. Trails are open to hiking , backcountry skiing , and snowshoeing ; roads are open to bicycling and mountain biking . Swimming is prohibited. Rock climbing is only permitted for Ragged Mountain Foundation members who have obtained a permit from Meriden's parks and recreation department. From the top of the Hanging Hills' many cliffs it is possible to see much of the Quinnipiac River Valley region, Long Island Sound, and the distant higher peaks of southern New England . Much of the Hanging Hills have been conserved as parkland, municipal water supply, or conservation easement. Private landowners also hold significant acreage, particularly on the east and north sides of the range. In 2000, the Hanging Hills were included in a study by the National Park Service for the designation of a new National Scenic Trail now tentatively called the New England National Scenic Trail , which would include the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail in Massachusetts and the Mattabesett Trail and Metacomet Trail trails in Connecticut. A number of regional and local non-profit organizations are active in conserving the landscape and ecosystems of the Hanging Hills, most notably the Connecticut Forest and Park Association , the Meriden Land Trust, and the Berlin Land Trust. Adjacent summits:", ["2_597"]] [20598, "Markus Deibler (born 28 January 1990) is a German swimmer who competed at the 2008 and 2012 Olympics . In 2008 he finished in 40th place in the 200 m individual medley. In 2012 he was sixth in the 4 \u00d7 100 m freestyle and 4 \u00d7 100 m medley relays and eighth in the 200 m medley. He won three gold and two silver medals at the short-course European championships in 2010 and 2011. His elder brother Steffen also competed in swimming at the 2008 and 2012 Olympics. This biographical article related to a German swimmer is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_598"]] [20600, "The Hundwiler H\u00f6hi (1,306 m) is a mountain of the Appenzell Alps , located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden . It is situated between Hundwil and Gonten . The summit is easily accessible from every side of the mountain and is a popular vantage point over the S\u00e4ntis , the Alpstein massif and Lake Constance . A mountain hut is located near the top.This Appenzell Ausserrhoden location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Appenzell Innerrhoden location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Switzerland mountain, mountain range, or peak related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_600"]] [20601, "Klas Dahlbeck (born 6 July 1991) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is currently playing with HC Davos of the National League (NL). He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 3rd round (79th overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft . Dahlbeck made his professional debut in the Swedish Hockey League , with Link\u00f6pings HC in the 2009\u201310 season. After two more seasons in Sweden on 29 May 2012, Dahlbeck signed a three-year entry-level contract with the Blackhawks . Dahlbeck endured his first two North American seasons with AHL affiliate, the Rockford IceHogs , establishing himself as the franchise career leader in plus/minus before in the 2014\u201315 season he made his NHL debut with the Blackhawks on 6 December 2014 against the Nashville Predators . He scored his first NHL goal on 11 December against Tuukka Rask of the Boston Bruins . On 28 February 2015, Dahlbeck was traded, along with Chicago's first round draft pick in 2015 , to the Arizona Coyotes in exchange for Antoine Vermette . On the eve of the 2016\u201317 season, Dahlbeck's tenure with the Coyotes came to a close as he was claimed off waivers by the Carolina Hurricanes on 11 October 2016. After a year with the Carolina Hurricanes in which he played 43 games, he was resigned to a one year, $850,000 deal with the Hurricanes for 2017\u201318 on 21 April 2017. During the season he skated in 33 games for the Hurricanes, contributing with 1 goal and 5 points.On 22 May 2018 the Hurricanes General Manager Don Waddell confirmed that Dahlbeck had left for KHL , agreeing to a one-year deal with CSKA Moscow. Following the 2021\u201322 season, having claimed his second Gagarin Cup with CSKA during his four year tenure in the KHL, Dalhbeck opted to leave Russia as a free agent and was signed to a two-year contract with Swiss club, HC Davos of the NL, on 3 May 2022. This biographical article relating to a Swedish ice hockey defenceman is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_601"]] [20603, "The South African Railways Class NG7 2-6-0 of 1902 was a narrow gauge steam locomotive from the pre- Union era in the Cape of Good Hope . In 1902, the Cape Government Railways placed three steam locomotives with a 2-6-0 Mogul type wheel arrangement in service on the Hopefield narrow gauge branch line which was being constructed from Kalbaskraal . A fourth locomotive was ordered in 1911. In 1912, when these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered with an \"NG\" prefix to their numbers. When a system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives into classes was eventually introduced somewhere between 1928 and 1930, they were to be classified as Class NG7, but had already been withdrawn from service and were eventually sold in 1930. By 1900, the Cape of Good Hope Government began to consider the construction of 2 feet (610 millimetres) narrow gauge railways. The construction of two railways of this gauge, one from Kalbaskraal to Hopefield and another from Port Elizabeth to Avontuur , was sanctioned by the Cape Parliament in 1901. Even though the 2\u00a0feet 6\u00a0inches (762 millimetres) narrow gauge Namaqualand Railway had been in existence and successfully worked since 1869, the still narrower gauge 46-mile long (74-kilometre) Hopefield line was regarded by many as the pioneer railway of the narrow gauge at the Cape. Its working capacity and attendant advantages and disadvantages were therefore watched with interest throughout the Colony. The Cape Government Railways (CGR) ordered three narrow gauge tender locomotives with a 2-6-0 Mogul type wheel arrangement from Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1901. They were numbered 1 to 3 when they were delivered in 1902 and were erected at the Salt River shops. A fourth locomotive, identical to the first three, was ordered from the same manufacturer in 1911 and became CGR no. NG4 upon delivery in that same year. The locomotives were of a standard type which was being used on the narrow gauge railroads of Maine in the United States of America . They had bar frames and used Stephenson valve gear . The drivers, the middle wheelset of the coupled wheels, were flangeless to enable the engine to negotiate sharp curves. The first three locomotives were acquired for use during the construction of the narrow gauge branch line from Kalbaskraal to Hopefield. They remained in service on that line after it was completed in 1903 and were joined by the fourth locomotive in 1911. In 1913, the line was extended to Saldanha , with a branch to Vredenburg . All four locomotives were withdrawn from service when these lines were widened to Cape gauge in 1926. When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways ) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912. In 1912, narrow gauge locomotives were included in the South African Railways' narrow gauge numbering scheme and were allocated engine numbers prefixed with the letters NG, for narrow gauge. The three 1902 locomotives were allocated SAR numbers NG22 to NG24, while the 1911 locomotive became no. NG35. In 1915, shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, the German South West Africa colony was occupied by the Union Defence Forces. Since a large part of the territory's railway infrastructure and rolling stock was destroyed or damaged by retreating German forces, an urgent need arose for locomotives for use on the 600\u00a0mm ( 1\u00a0ft 11 + 5 \u2044 8 in ) narrow gauge lines in that territory. In 1917, numbers NG22, NG24 and NG35 were transferred to the Defence Department for service in South West Africa. All three are believed to have returned to South Africa after the war. A system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives into classes was only adopted by the South African Railways at some time between 1928 and 1930. However, these locomotives did not survive in service long enough to become the Class NG7 which had apparently been reserved for them when the classification system was being planned. Having been out of service since 1926, they were sold to a private firm during 1930. ", ["2_603"]] [20604, "Denekamp ( Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8de\u02d0n\u0259k\u0251mp] \u24d8 ) is a town in the Dutch province of Overijssel . It is a part of the region of Twente and the municipality of Dinkelland , and lies about 9\u00a0km northeast of Oldenzaal . The town was first noted as early as the 10th century when it was referred to as Daginghem, and means \"settlement of the people of Dago or Dano\". The village started around the church which was built in 1275. It remained isolated and small until 1829 when the road from Deventer to Hamburg was built. The location became a municipality in 1818 incorporating the settlements of Noord Deurningen , Lattrop , Breklenkamp , Tilligte , Nutter and Agelo . The municipality merged with Ootmarsum and Weerselo in 2001; the new municipality was first called \"Denekamp\", but was renamed in 2002 to Dinkelland. The Town is known in the hardstyle scene, to be home of various Hardstyle DJ's.This Overijssel location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_604"]] [20605, "The Hutong Yellow Weasels ( Chinese : \u80e1\u540c\u9ec4\u9f20\u72fc ) are a Beijing -based traditional American string band , notable for being the first band to tour throughout China introducing square dance music to the Chinese public. Founded in Beijing in 2011 by Chris Hawke (vocals, double bass, guitar, banjo) and Kirk Kenney (fiddle, guitar, vocals), the band incorporates a rotating cast of expat musicians to increase their numbers during live shows, and plays traditional American pre-war Appalachian folk music. Chinese square dancing clubs, using recorded music and catering to elderly Chinese, have existed in Beijing for at least a decade. However, the first time members of these clubs heard live square dancing music was in November 2012 when the Weasels and visiting old time fiddler Michael Ismerio toured through universities, nightclubs and festivals throughout China. [ citation needed ] The tour took the band through Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Dali, Xinsheng, Xian, and Guizhou. As of 2015, the band was touring and holding square dances around the country, exposing many Chinese people to traditional instruments like the banjo and mandolin, and traditional Appalachian music for the first time. The band has been written up in the English versions of two of China's largest state-run media organizations, Xinhua News Agency and the Global Times . They frequently play to Chinese audiences, with Hawke calling the dances in Chinese\u2014the first foreign caller to do so. Typically, most people in the audience have never seen a banjo or mandolin, nor heard a violin played in a non-classical or pop-music context.\"Hutong Yellow Weasels\" (2013)\"Nihowdy\" (2014)", ["2_605"]] [20606, "The Cross Borders Drove Road is an 82-kilometre (51\u00a0mi) long hiking trail in the Borders region of Scotland . The route is based on the main route used by drovers who used to drive cattle from the markets ( trysts ) at places such as Falkirk and Crieff southwards for sale in England. Much of the route utilises the original parallel dykes built to stop cattle straying, and is intended to be suitable for horseriders and walkers , with all obstacles such as gates and bridges being designed specifically to accommodate horses; much of the route is also suitable for mountain bikers . It is listed as one of Scotland's Great Trails by NatureScot , and links directly to three further Great Trails: the Borders Abbeys Way , the\u00b7 Romans and Reivers Route and the\u00b7 Southern Upland Way . The route is now largely managed by Scottish Borders Council . The trail is waymarked using an image of a cow , reflecting the droving history of the route, although the section through Peebles is not currently waymarked. As a drove road , the route was originally established by tradition, following natural passes in the Pentland and Southern Upland hills. Much of the route had become impassable by the 1990s due to obstructions such as fallen trees and poor drainage. An initiative by local members and officers of the British Horse Society saw community councils undertaking a series of mapping exercises, which identified numerous routes suitable for development as designated trails: the Cross Borders Drove Road was one of the routes identified. ", ["2_606"]] [20607, "\u0130smail Ogan (5 March 1933 \u2013 26 April 2022) was a Turkish freestyle wrestler and coach. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won a silver and a gold medal, respectively. He also collected three medals at the world championships between 1957 and 1963. \u0130smail Ogan came from the province ( Elmal\u0131 ) of Antalya on Turkey's southern Mediterranean coast. After Turkish ya\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcre\u015f (oil wrestling) style, which he started with, he switched to Olympic wrestling at the age of 17, after he was discovered by Ya\u015far Do\u011fu . It did not take long for him to attract the attention of the leading men in the Turkish wrestling federation by performing very well in the national arena. He was included in the national freestyle wrestling team and received perhaps the best Turkish wrestling coaches of the time in Ya\u015far Do\u011fu and Celal Atik . He appeared on the international wrestling mat in 1957, wrestling very successfully in five world championships and winning three medals. European championships were not held at that time. In his own country, he had three tough rivals in \u0130brahim Zengin, Nuro Ayvar and Mahmut Atalay, against whom he had to prove himself time and again. At the 1960 Olympics in Rome, he won the silver medal, beaten only by U.S. wonderboy Douglas Blubaugh, the only opponent to whom he conceded only a points victory. Four years later at the Tokyo Olympics he was again convincing and became Olympic champion in the welterweight division. After the 1964 Olympics, \u0130smail Ogan ended his career as an active wrestler and went back to live in Antalya, and then worked as a wrestling coach. \u0130smail Ogan was taken to Serik State Hospital after an illness on April 9 and then transferred to Akdeniz University Hospital. \u0130smail Ogan, who was diagnosed with respiratory failure and multiple organ problems, died 26 April 2022. ", ["2_607"]] [20608, "Jadcherla is a census town in Mahbubnagar district of the Indian state of Telangana . It is located in Jadcherla mandal in Mahbubnagar revenue division . In 2011, it was upgraded from village to a census town , along with 11 other villages. :\u200a13 It is a historical town and is known for its cultural heritage. Recently [ when? ] Jadcherla has been made a Municipality. Jadcherla is located at 16\u00b046\u203226\u2033N 78\u00b008\u203212\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 16.7738\u00b0N 78.1367\u00b0E \ufeff / 16.7738; 78.1367 and at an altitude of 14\u00a0m (46\u00a0ft). The town is spread over an area of 550\u00a0km 2 (210\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Jadcherla is located 86 km from Hyderabad 130km from Kurnool and 21 km from Mahabubnagar .As of 2011 [update] census , Jadcherla had a population of 17,958. The total population constitute, 9,083 males and 8,875 females \u2014a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. 2,251 children are in the age group of zero\u2013six years, of which 1,139 are boys and 1,112 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 75.25% with 11,820 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%. Jadcherla is a state Assembly/Vidhan Sabha constituency in the state of Telangana and is part of Mahbubnagar Lok Sabha/Parliamentary constituency. Jadcherla falls in Mahabubnagar district and South Telangana region of Telangana. It is categorised as a rural seat. Janampalli Anirudh Reddy is the present MLA of the constituency from Indian National Congress . It is also a part of Mahabubnagar lok sabha constituency which was won by Manne Srinivas Reddy of Bharat Rashtra Samithi. Pharmaceutical industry of Special Economic Zone and Green Industrial Park are for providing local employment. Apart from this, there are other sectors like, tourism and real estate contributing to the economy. There exists some of the historical religious structures. The Hindu temples include, 12th century Chennakeshava temple, Anjaneya temple, Maisamma temple, Parushaveri temple and Ranganayaka temple. The Jain shrine also exists by the name Gollatha Gudi. Other notable landmarks of the town are Nachiketa Tapovanam, Sitammajalu waterfall, Mayuri nursery etc. The town connected to the major destinations through national and state highways . Asian highway 43 and NH 167 passes through the town. The State Highway 18 connects it with Nalgonda and SH 21 with Wanaparthy . TSRTC operates buses to various destinations from Jadcherla bus station. Jadcherla is as a railway station in Hyderabad railway division of South Central Railway zone . ", ["2_608"]] [20609, "Jeremy Lee Wotherspoon (born October 26, 1976) is a Canadian speed skater , widely recognized as one of the greatest speedskating sprinters of all time. In December 2003, Wotherspoon became the most successful male skater in World Cup history when he claimed the 49th victory of his career. He finished his career with a record 67 World Cup wins at 500 and 1,000 metres. Wotherspoon broke the 500 m world record on three occasions. He broke the 1000 m world record seven times.Wotherspoon was born in Humboldt, Saskatchewan , but grew up in Red Deer, Alberta . There he first became involved in speedskating after signing up for a power skating class to improve his ice hockey abilities. Initially, Wotherspoon competed in both short track and long track events. He eventually chose the long track as a specialty and climbed through the junior ranks, moving to Calgary to train with the Canadian national team at the age of 17. Wotherspoon soon won medals on the World Cup circuit, with his first victories in 1997.Wotherspoon dominated sprint events and held world records in both the 500 m and 1000 m distances. He is a four-time World Sprint Champion , taking the title four times in five years between 1999 and 2003, and a 13-time World Cup Overall Champion on the 500 m and the 1000 m. During the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Wotherspoon won a silver medal in the 500 m, despite being the favorite. Four years later, at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , Wotherspoon fell at the start of his run during the 500 m and finished 13th in the 1000 m event. The next Olympic Games in Turin in 2006, he failed to reach the podium once again, placing 9th in the 500 m event and 11th in the 1000 m. Wotherspoon, disappointed, decided to spend time alone on Mausund , a remote Norwegian island near the Arctic Circle. When asked whether he was anxious over skating after a season away from the sport, he stated \"I'm more interested to see how quickly I can get back up.\" Following his time in Norway, Wotherspoon set a world record in the 500 m event on November 9, 2007. However, he later suffered an arm injury while skating in the 2008\u201309 World Cup season. On December 27, 2009, Wotherspoon officially secured his spot for the 500 m and 1000 m events at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver after finishing first in the Canadian trials held at the Calgary Olympic Oval . Despite this, Wotherspoon placed 9th and 14th in the Olympic events, respectively. Wotherspoon announced his retirement from speed skating on December 6, 2009, promising to do so following the Vancouver Olympics and the 2010 season end. Wotherspoon announced that he was returning to speedskating in June 2013 to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics . He failed, however, to qualify in his signature event, the 500 m sprint, and was not named to Canada's Olympic team. Following his initial retirement in 2010, Wotherspoon coached at an academy in Inzell, Germany, training skaters from countries without coaches, facilities, or formal programs. He returned there after his 2014 comeback attempt, then moved to a developmental team in Norway . In April 2016 Wotherspoon became the sprint coach for Norway's national team, intending to end that nation's three-decade Olympic medal drought in long track's sprint events. Wotherspoon was born in Humboldt, Saskatchewan , but grew up in Red Deer, Alberta . He is married to Canadian former speed skater and 2006 Olympian Kim Weger ; the couple has a daughter, Ella. Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com. From November 23, 1997, to January 29, 2012, Wotherspoon held the world record for the sprint combination: the point summation of four races (2x500 m and 2x1000 m) skated consecutively within two days, like those calculated for the World Sprint Speed Skating Championships . He improved on his own record five times since. His fastest combination of 135.355 (34.03, 34.14, 1:07.34, 1:07.03), accomplished during World Cup races at the Utah Olympic Oval over three days in November 2007 was not an official world record but has still not been bettered as of March 2019.Furthermore, until November 2015, nearly 6 years after his retirement, Wotherspoon had skated the six fastest laps (400 m) ever, the fastest of which was a 24.32 s lap in his first 1000 m race in Salt Lake City in November 2007. His average speed in that lap was 59.21 kilometres per hour (36.79\u00a0mph).", ["2_609"]] [20611, "Fikri I\u015f\u0131k MP (born 13 September 1965) is a Turkish politician who served as the last Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 2017 to 2018. Previously, he served as Minister of Science, Industry and Technology from 2013 to 2016 and Minister of National Defense from 2016 to 2017. He is a Member of Parliament representing the Kocaeli Province on behalf of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), from 2007 to 2023. Before politics, I\u015f\u0131k was an educator. Fikri I\u015f\u0131k was born on 13 September 1965 to Tevfik and Mecbure I\u015f\u0131k in the village of Babacan in \u015eiran district of G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Province , Turkey. He studied Mathematics Education at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara . I\u015f\u0131k worked as a mathematics and English language teacher in private schools at \u0130zmit and Istanbul . He served also as manager in the food industry. Fikri I\u015f\u0131k entered politics on 20 October 2001 through his founding membership of the Justice and Development Party's Kocaeli Province organization. He was elected its chairman on 22 June 2003, serving four years at this post. In 2007, he left his chair at the regional level to run for a seat in the parliament. I\u015f\u0131k was elected into the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in the 2007 general election as an MP from Kocaeli Province. He was re-elected a second time into the parliament in the 2011 general election . Between 2007 and 2013, he was responsible in the party headquarters for the coordination of the part's regional organizations in 47 provinces across the country. On 31 January 2013, I\u015f\u0131k became chairman of the parliamentary National Education, Youth and Sports Commission. On 26 December 2013, Fikri I\u015f\u0131k assumed office as the Minister of Science, Industry and Technology, succeeding Nihat Erg\u00fcn during Erdo\u011fan's cabinet reshuffle with ten new names that was announced the day before, on 25 December, following the 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey . Fikri I\u015f\u0131k is married and has four children. ", ["2_611"]] [20612, "Anne Helm (born September 12, 1938) is a Canadian-born American actress and children\u2019s author. She played Elvis Presley 's love interest in the 1962 movie Follow That Dream . Helm had a two recurring role, playing Molly Pierce in five episodes of the mid-1960s series Run for Your Life and playing the minor role of nurse Mary Briggs in the daily soap opera General Hospital from 1971 to 1973. ", ["2_612"]] [20613, "K'ara K'ara ( Aymara for crest , Hispanicized spelling Caracara ) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru , about 5,200\u00a0m (17,100\u00a0ft) high . It is located in the Tacna Region , Candarave Province , Candarave District . K'ara K'ara lies southwest of K'ank'awi . K'ara K'ara is also the name of an intermittent stream which originates west of the mountain. It flows to the west. This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_613"]] [20614, "Papyrus 6 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by \ud835\udd13 6 or by \u03b5 021 (in von Soden's numbering), is a fragmentary early copy of the New Testament in Greek and Coptic (Akhmimic). It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John that has been dated paleographically to the 4th century. The manuscript also contains text of the First Epistle of Clement , which is treated as a canonical book of the New Testament by the Coptic Church . The major part of the codex is lost. The Greek text of the codex has several unusual textual variants.The codex contains text of the First Epistle of Clement in Coptic (Akhmimic dialect) on the first 26 pages of the manuscript, Coptic Epistle of James on the pages 91\u201399, and Greek and Coptic Gospel of John on the page 100. Pages 27\u201390 have not survived. About 25 pages contained the rest of the text of the First Epistle of Clement and one page of text of James 1:1-12, but there were about 28 pages with unknown content. According to Friedrich R\u00f6sch there is not space for the Second Epistle of Clement . The original size of pages probably measured 28\u00a0cm by 15\u00a0cm. According to the reconstruction the text of the codex was written in one column per page, 30 lines per page. It is written in uncial letters. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way (\u03b9\u03c2\u0305, \u03b8\u03c5\u0305).About 200 fragments of the codex have survived. 15 fragments from the four original leaves contain the Greek text of the Gospel of John.The Greek text of the codex contains: \nGospel of John 10:1-2,4-7. 9\u201310; 11:1-8,45-52.The Coptic (Akhmimic) text of the codex contains:\nFirst Epistle of Clement 1:1-26:2; John 10:1-12,20; 13:1-2,11-12; James 1:13-5:20.The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type . Kurt Aland placed it in Category II of New Testament manuscripts , because it has some alien readings. In John 10:4-5 it has singular word order \u03c4[\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf]\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd. Other manuscripts have reading \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9 or \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9. In John 10:5 it reads \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, the reading of the codex is supported by the manuscripts: Sinaiticus , Regius , Washingtonianus, Koridethi, Athous Lavrensis, 0250. The alternative reading \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd occur in the manuscripts A , B , D , \u0394 , 700 , and other. In John 10:6 it has singular reading \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bd \u03b1 for \u03c4\u03b9; the reading of the codex is not supported by any other manuscript. In John 10:10 it has unique addition: \u03b4]\u03b5 (between \u03bf and \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) \u2013 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 instead of \u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. In John 11:1 it reads \u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 for \u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2; the reading of the codex is not supported by any other manuscript. In John 11:2 name Mariam has an unusual spelling with using Coptic letters (Mariham). In John 11:5 it has singular reading \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. In John 11:45 it has reading \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc along with the manuscripts Papyrus 59 , Vaticanus, Ephraemi, Regius, minuscule 33 ; other manuscripts read \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc. Caspar Ren\u00e9 Gregory did not try to estimate its date. Friedrich R\u00f6sch suggested the 5th or 6th century, according to him the earlier date of the codex is excluded by presence 1 Epistle of Clement. Some scholars date it even so late as 7th-8th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century. It is difficult to date the manuscript on the palaeographical ground because of its fragmentary nature.The manuscript was discovered in Egypt. It was the second manuscript with translation 1 Epistle of Clement into Coptic and the first in Akhmimic dialect. The Greek text of the codex was published by Gregory in 1908. Friedrich R\u00f6sch published the text of the whole manuscript Coptic and Greek in 1910.It is currently housed at the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale et universitaire (Pap. copt. 379. 381. 382. 384) in Strasbourg . ", ["2_614"]] [20615, "Pikkarala Ferry (Pikkaralan lossi in Finnish ) is a single-operator cable-guided ferry operating across Oulujoki river between Pikkarala and Lapinkangas . The ferry route is a part of Pikkarala private road. The ferry operates between 08:00\u201317:00 from Monday to Friday and 08:00\u201315:00 on Saturdays when traffic so requires. Typically the operating season starts at about mid-May and lasts until about mid-October. Due to the retirement of the ferry operator and the change in the user group, the ferry does not operate during the 2022 season. The ferry is operated under the funding from the City of Oulu and the State of Finland . Approximately one-fifth of the funding comes from the city, the rest comes from the state. The annual costs are approximately 25.000 euros , and the transport employs one person for a bit over half a year. The ferry service began in 1930s when a man-powered ferry was taken in service, and there has been a ferry at the very same location every year since. The man-powered ferry was replaced with a ferry equipped a boat engine. The current ferry was taken in service in 1992. Originally the current ferry served as a \"Sanki Ferry\" only a few miles downstream, but it was discontinued when the Sanki Bridge was built. ", ["2_615"]] [20616, "New Don Pedro Dam , often known simply as Don Pedro Dam , is an earthen embankment dam across the Tuolumne River , about 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) northeast of La Grange , in Tuolumne County, California . The dam was completed in 1971, after four years of construction, to replace the 1924 concrete-arch Don Pedro Dam . The dam serves mainly for irrigation water storage, flood control and hydroelectricity production, and impounds Don Pedro Reservoir in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada .The New Don Pedro Dam is owned and operated by the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) and Turlock Irrigation District (TID). At 585 feet (178\u00a0m) tall, the dam is the tenth highest in the U.S. and its reservoir is the sixth largest artificial lake in California. The original dam was named for the old mining town of Don Pedros Bar on the Tuolumne River, which in turn takes its name from prospector Pierre \"Don Pedro\" Sainsevain . Shortly after their formation in 1887, the MID and TID acquired water rights to the Tuolumne River to secure a water supply for their combined 1,000-square-mile (2,600\u00a0km 2 ) service area in the San Joaquin Valley . After selling revenue bonds totaling $4.1 million, the two irrigation districts began construction of the Don Pedro Dam (now known as Old Don Pedro Dam) in 1921, about one and a half miles (2.4\u00a0km) upriver of the present location of New Don Pedro Dam. Upon its completion in 1923, this 284-foot (87\u00a0m) concrete gravity arch dam was the highest dam in the world, forming a 289,000-acre-foot (0.356\u00a0km 3 ) reservoir with a surface area of 3,086 acres (1,249\u00a0ha). The dam's 15 megawatt (MW) hydroelectric plant, later expanded to 37.5 MW, delivered its first power in October 1923. Expanding Don Pedro or constructing a new dam altogether was first seriously considered in the 1940s because the existing dam could only store a year's supply of water for valley farmers, with no guarantee that a multiyear drought could be weathered. An enlarged Don Pedro would provide a \"bank\" of water storage for prolonged droughts, capture more spring runoff, and provide increased flood control. Another proponent of a high dam was the city of San Francisco , which also sought a share of the Tuolumne's water and decided to cooperate with the irrigation districts to construct the new dam. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation made tentative studies for a high dam on the Tuolumne River as part of its Central Valley Project , though it later dropped the plans in favor of other sites. In 1961, an overwhelming majority of voters in the TID and MID service areas and San Francisco approved bond issues to finance the construction of a new dam. The irrigation districts hoped to complete the dam by 1966, but concerns that the dam would further impact decreasing populations of king salmon in the Tuolumne put a temporary stop to the project. In fact, it was not until that year that the Federal Power Commission (now Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ) licensed the irrigation districts to go ahead on New Don Pedro. The $49.7 million primary construction contract for the dam was awarded to Guy F. Atkinson Company on August 22, 1967. When he first saw the dam site, chief engineer John Goodier was reported to have said \"[it'd be a] tough nut to crack\". Clearing the dam site began immediately afterwards, in addition to the construction of access roads and a camp for construction workers. Construction of the dam's service spillway began a week later on August 29. On September 22, 1967, work began on the diversion tunnel that would allow the river to bypass the construction site. The 3,415-foot (1,041\u00a0m) tunnel was fully excavated by March 13 of the following year and lined with reinforced concrete by August. On September 7, a 40-foot (12\u00a0m) cofferdam was constructed and the diversion tunnel began to carry the flow of the Tuolumne. As the dam site dried out, the foundations were excavated down to bedrock; cracks in the rock were injected with so-called \"dental concrete\" to stabilize the foundation. Construction of the embankment began on September 16, 1968 using the hydraulic fill method. The dam's massive concrete emergency spillway was completed on January 19, 1969. However, severe flooding on January 26 destroyed the cofferdam and all of the construction site's bridges, putting work a month behind schedule. Cleanup proceeded at a rapid pace and placing of impervious material for the dam's core commenced on February 27. For the next fifteen months, a fleet of massive 125-ton (113 t) dump trucks delivered an almost constant stream of dirt and rock to the site, and the dam wall rose at an average rate of one and a half feet (0.46\u00a0m) per day. The workforce peaked at 500 men in mid-1969 and on December 10, the service spillway was completed. On May 28, 1970, the embankment was finally topped out with the last of over 250,000 truckloads of material. After the clearing of over 7,000 acres (2,800\u00a0ha) of the future reservoir site and the relocation of several roads that ran through it, the diversion tunnel was closed and water began to rise behind New Don Pedro. The rising lake submerged Old Don Pedro Dam on April 12, 1970 and inundated the Gold Rush town of Jacksonville by June. The powerhouse and penstocks were completed by August 1970, after lengthy delays and setbacks due to the sheer scale of the generators, pipes and gates used in their construction. Some of the individual components were so heavy that a truck delivering one of the penstock sections sank up to its trailer bed in the road, and another was crushed when the driver braked, inadvertently snapping the chains that held the load in place. \"We have harnessed a great river to serve man. There is a vision, imagination, sense of beauty about it. Environment and development will never meet, but a delicate balance of the two has been achieved at Don Pedro Dam.\"\u2013Joseph Alioto, mayor of San Francisco, at 1971 New Don Pedro Dam dedication The total cost of the New Don Pedro Dam project, including site preparations, reservoir clearing and road relocations, was $115,679,000. The dam was formally dedicated on May 22, 1971 to a crowd of over 3,000 people. Among the dedication ceremonies were a speech by San Francisco mayor Joseph Alioto and a beef barbecue hosted by TID. Rising 585 feet (178\u00a0m) above its foundations and 560 feet (170\u00a0m) above the Tuolumne River, New Don Pedro is a massive earth and rock fill structure containing 16,750,000 cubic yards (12,810,000\u00a0m 3 ) of material. The 1,900-foot (580\u00a0m) long dam is 40 feet (12\u00a0m) wide at the crest and over 2,800 feet (850\u00a0m) wide at the base. High water releases are controlled by four sets of gates. A set of internal gates in the diversion tunnel can release up to 7,370 cubic feet per second (209\u00a0m 3 /s), while a hollow jet valve at the base of the dam can discharge 3,100 cubic feet per second (88\u00a0m 3 /s). The service spillway, controlled by three 45-by-30-foot (13.7\u00a0m \u00d7\u00a09.1\u00a0m) radial gates , has a capacity of 172,000 cubic feet per second (4,900\u00a0m 3 /s), and finally the emergency spillway, a 995-foot (303\u00a0m) long concrete overflow structure, can discharge more than 300,000 cubic feet per second (8,500\u00a0m 3 /s). The hydroelectric plant at the base of the dam has four generators capable of producing 203 MW combined. The TID's share is 139 MW or 68.47%, while MID receives 64 MW or 31.53%. Three generators, each with a capacity of 55 MW, were included in the original design of the dam while an additional 38 MW generator was incorporated in 1989. The plant generates an average of 618.4 million kilowatt hours (KWh) of electricity each year, equal to an average output of 70.6\u00a0MW. The cities of Modesto and Turlock receive a large share of their power supplies from New Don Pedro Dam. Don Pedro Reservoir has a capacity of 2,030,000 acre-feet (2.50\u00a0km 3 ), of which 340,000 acre-feet (0.42\u00a0km 3 ) is reserved for flood control and 1,381,000 acre-feet (1.703\u00a0km 3 ) is available for irrigation, municipal water supply, and hydroelectric generation. The flood control reservation is one of the smallest among major California reservoirs because it allows for more water to be stored for power generation, but this has often resulted in inadequate flood protection such as in 1997 when the dam released more than 50,000 cubic feet per second (1,400\u00a0m 3 /s) \u2013 almost six times the capacity of downstream levees. The bottom 309,000 acre-feet (0.381\u00a0km 3 ) is considered dead storage, or the lowest point at which water can be released to generate power. At an elevation of 804 feet (245\u00a0m) (service spillway crest), the reservoir is 25 miles (40\u00a0km) long, and has an area of 12,960 acres (5,240\u00a0ha) with 160 miles (260\u00a0km) of shoreline. The maximum elevation of the reservoir at the crest of the emergency spillway is 830 feet (250\u00a0m) above sea level. During construction of the dam, it was anticipated that the large size and scenic location of the reservoir, coupled with its proximity to urban centers, would make it a large tourist draw. A $40,000 plan was put forth to develop the reservoir for recreational activities. This entailed the construction of campsites, picnic areas, boat ramps, a landing strip, and hiking trails, including on 14 of the 33 islands in the lake. Don Pedro has become a popular summer destination in Central California, attracting 360,000\u2013400,000 visitors each year. In 1923, the same year that Old Don Pedro was completed, the City of San Francisco finished construction of O'Shaughnessy Dam , which forms a reservoir in the upper Tuolumne River's Hetch Hetchy Valley and is the focus of one of the most longstanding environmental controversies in United States history. Proponents of the dam's removal, including former Sierra Club president David Brower , suggest raising New Don Pedro Dam to replace the storage that would be lost with the draining of Hetch Hetchy. Increasing the height of New Don Pedro by just 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) would add about 360,000 acre-feet (0.44\u00a0km 3 ) to the reservoir's storage capacity, replacing most of the storage in Hetch Hetchy, though new tunnels would have to be built to deliver water from Don Pedro Reservoir to the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct and there would be a net loss of hydroelectric generation from O'Shaughnessy. Of note is that San Francisco is already entitled to 453,000 acre-feet (0.559\u00a0km 3 ) of the water stored in Don Pedro, although this allocation is overruled by the senior water rights of the irrigation districts during dry years. TID is currently [ when? ] investigating the feasibility of constructing a large pumped-storage hydroelectric plant on Lake Don Pedro in order to better meet peaking power demands without releasing extra water at New Don Pedro Dam. The proposed Red Mountain Bar Project would involve building a 465-foot (142\u00a0m) high dam across a canyon adjacent to Lake Don Pedro, creating a reservoir with a capacity of 25,000 to 42,000 acre-feet (0.031 to 0.052\u00a0km 3 ). Water would be pumped into this new reservoir using power generated at New Don Pedro Dam during periods of low electricity demand, while during high demand water would be released through a penstock to an 880 MW generating facility. As of September 2011, poor economic conditions had put the project \"on hold indefinitely\". ", ["2_616"]] [20618, "St. Niklaus VS railway station ( German : Bahnhof St. Niklaus VS , French : Gare de St. Niklaus VS ) is a railway station in the municipality of St. Niklaus , in the Swiss canton of Valais . It is an intermediate stop on the 1,000\u00a0mm ( 3\u00a0ft 3 + 3 \u2044 8 in ) metre gauge Brig\u2013Zermatt line and is served by local trains only. As of the December 2023 timetable change, [update] the following services stop at St. Niklaus VS: ", ["2_618"]] [20619, "In molecular biology, the calx-beta motif is a protein motif which is present as a tandem repeat in the cytoplasmic domains of Calx sodium-calcium exchangers, which are used to expel calcium from cells . This motif overlaps domains used for calcium binding and regulation . The calx-beta motif is also present in the cytoplasmic tail of mammalian integrin-beta4 , which mediates the bi-directional transfer of signals across the plasma membrane , as well as in some cyanobacterial proteins . This motif contains a series of beta-strands and turns that form a self-contained beta-sheet . ", ["2_619"]] [20621, "The U.S. Post Office in Dansville , New York, United States, is located on Main Street ( NY 63 ). It was designed and built in 1932\u20131933, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore . The building is in the Colonial Revival style and features an unusual stepped parapet above the portico , blind arches above the windows, and elaborate decoration. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is a contributing property in the Dansville Downtown Historic District .This article about a historic property or district in Livingston County , New York , that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_621"]] [20622, "The 2008 Chinese winter storms ( 2008\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u96ea\u707e\u30012008\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u96ea\u707e ) were a series of winter storm events that affected large portions of southern and central China , where it does not usually snow severely or extensively, starting from 25 January 2008, until 6 February 2008. The systems affected most of the area with heavy snows , ice , and cold temperatures causing extensive damage and transportation disruption for several thousand travelers. It became China's worst winter weather in half a century. According to some media sources, the storms were directly responsible for at least 129 deaths. The severe winter events started on 10 January when a large dome of cold air enveloped most parts of China, causing much precipitation in the form of heavy snow west of the coastal areas, where the temperature dropped to slightly below 0\u00a0\u00b0C (32\u00a0\u00b0F). The provinces of Hunan , Hubei , Henan , Shandong , Jiangsu , Anhui , and the municipality of Shanghai were hardest hit. Some received their worst snowstorms in seventeen years while some experienced their worst in five decades. After the first wave of precipitation had passed, the snow continued to fall for several days, accompanied by bitterly cold weather. Snow was even reported in the country's largest true desert, the Taklamakan , where the snow and record low temperatures near \u221225\u00a0\u00b0C (\u221213\u00a0\u00b0F) lasted 11 consecutive days and killed livestock. At one point, the temperature dropped to \u221232\u00a0\u00b0C (\u221226\u00a0\u00b0F), breaking the January 2006 record of \u221226.1\u00a0\u00b0C (\u221215.0\u00a0\u00b0F). However, the historical temperature series in this observatory is very short (started in 1996). The snow depth exceeded 4 centimetres (1.6\u00a0in) at times in the center of the desert according to the Tazhong Observatory. According to Xinhua , it was the first time that snow covered the entire desert simultaneously. According to scientists at China's National Climate Center and the United Nations ' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), these winter storms in China have been mainly related to abnormal atmospheric circulation and La Ni\u00f1a , and are not directly linked to climate change . The China Meteorological Administration mentioned that the 2007-08 winter was the coldest recorded across the country since 1986-87, with one month during the winter storm event that was 2.5 degrees Celsius below normal. The snowstorm caused extensive damage to many low-rise buildings, the roofs of which collapsed, killing occupants inside. It was estimated that about 223,000 homes were destroyed and 862,000 others were damaged. CNN also reported that a 500\u00a0meter-long auto plant in Xiangtan had its entire roof collapse. The power system of China was also severely affected by adverse conditions. Widespread power outages were reported. In Chenzhou , which has a population of 4.6\u00a0million, it was reported that the entire city had no power or water for nearly two weeks, including government buildings and hospitals, while telecommunications cables and Internet networks were also damaged. In Fuzhou, Jiangxi , it was reported that the city lost power for about 3 weeks. At one point, seventeen of the thirty-one provinces and autonomous regions of China had to endure reduced power supplies. Beginning 1 February, all of Shanghai's skyline night lights were shut off to support relief efforts and were not resumed until the storm was declared officially over. In Guizhou , officials said it could take up to five months to mend the power grid fully. Xinhua reported that electricity across most of the 170 worst-hit counties was restored by the Chinese New Year. Coal reserves were also down to emergency levels and stockpiles were only sufficient for eight days of power generation. The snowstorm also damaged water supply equipment. For instance, in Wuhan , up to 100,000\u00a0people were out of running water when several water pipes burst, cutting the supply to local households. In the Guangxi region, about 239,000 were also having problems accessing drinking water. Moreover, during the first week, there were significant mandatory evacuations, and an estimated 827,000\u00a0people were evacuated across fourteen provinces, affecting a total population of about 78\u00a0million. Over two weeks, according to Xinhua, 1.8\u00a0million residents were relocated elsewhere. In addition, 870,000 pigs , 450,000 sheep , and 85,000 head of cattle were killed by the storm. In addition, 18,600,000 acres (75,000\u00a0km 2 ) of forest were destroyed, including 6,800,000 acres (28,000\u00a0km 2 ) of bamboo , 11,500,000 acres (47,000\u00a0km 2 ) of wood, and 15,000 acres (61\u00a0km 2 ) of saplings . The freak storms were especially painful because they hit warmer parts of China that have little experience with snow. Many communities lacked the necessary equipment to handle the heavy snowfall.Transportation was also heavily affected as the storms hit during the busiest travelling season of the year, Chunyun , preceding the Lunar New Year . Nearly 180\u00a0million people, more than the population of Russia , travel throughout the country during the holiday. According to Xinhua, in early February, millions of Chinese were travelling from the major cities to the countryside to celebrate the Spring Festival, a traditional celebration where the Chinese people return to their families, which fell on 7 February that year. Heavy snow damaged the Jingguang railway from Beijing to Guangzhou. Tens of thousands of people (on occasion as many as 500,000 to 800,000 at once) were left stranded at several railway stations across southern China, including Guangzhou railway station . It was estimated that nearly 6\u00a0million railway passengers in total were stranded during the period while about 8,000 cargo trains were delayed. Backlogs at that station where people were waiting desperately to return home lasted several days. Many travelers took refuge in an emergency shelter at the China Import and Export Fair exhibition center where at times the mass of people was about the size of three to four entire football fields. Goods were distributed to stranded travelers, including free water bottles and lunch boxes of rice, chicken legs, and cabbages sold at about a dollar each. Red banners were installed at one station encouraging some travelers to abandon their travel plans, and nearly half a million cancelled their trips after lengthy waits. Xinhua reported that 11\u00a0million migrant workers in the Guangdong area received ticket refunds. Most of the rail service resumed on 31 January, but heavy fog on 3 February caused further delays, particularly in Hunan. The lengthy delays occasionally caused clashes between travelers, police, and soldiers. Several main highways including in Shanxi and Henan as well as Jingzhu Expressway , the main highway connecting the capital Beijing and Guangdong province, were shut down. Seven of the eight highways connecting Hunan and Guangdong were closed, and all public highways in Anhui were closed. The road closures disrupted the transportation of goods across several areas of the country where there were concerns of significant food shortage as the storm also did significant damage to crops.Water transportation was also affected as 10 boats at the Shanghai port which contained goods were stuck and unable to unload because of the snow. About 60,000 bus riders were stranded on various highways, and 19 major airports in 10 cities were also closed at one point. 10,000 at Baiyun Airport in Guangzhou were stranded after 55 flights were cancelled. In total, about 3,250 flights were cancelled and another 5,550 were delayed. All provincial bus services in Jiangxi were halted. The Chinese Public Safety Ministry mentioned that about 1\u00a0million police officers were dispatched to keep the roadways open but numerous trucks were stranded in many areas. 100 diesel locomotives were also dispatched to get stranded trains back into service. According to CNN , 63 were killed as of 31 January due to the effects of the storm, many of them because of the cold or collapsed roofs. The toll later rose to at least 107, according to Xinhua. Among the fatalities, 11 were killed in a bus accident in Anhui in which the bus flipped into a ditch on January 21. Another crash on 28 January killed at least 25 when a bus plunged into an icy road near Zunyi City . Three electricians were killed in Hunan while attempting to remove snow and ice from power lines and were named \"revolutionary martyrs\" by the government. As there was a gradual restoration of train services, stampedes killed at least one person in Guangzhou. Chinese officials mentioned that medical teams treated about 200 000 sick and injured people while 60 died from the cold. 11 electricians were also killed while restoring power across the country, but it wasn't clear if they were included in the official death toll of 60\u00a0people killed in accidents and building collapses blamed on the storms. The Chinese economy, which has experienced rapid growth over the past thirty years, was also affected by the winter event. According to the BBC , the country's civil affairs ministry estimated that the costs to the country's economy were about 54\u00a0billion Chinese yuan but the cost rose to 80\u00a0billion yuan as of February 7. Damage estimates as of February 13 were at about 111\u00a0billion yuan. Insurance companies across the country received tens of thousands of compensation cases including half a million from the hardest-hit regions. Analysts also mentioned that extensive loss of crops (of over 40,000\u00a0km\u00b2) including fresh vegetables and fruit resulted in substantial inflation of food prices . At least 11 provinces reported significant price increases after the loss of millions of crops. The price for box lunches increased fivefold across many areas in the aftermath. During the month of January, the country's producer price index hit a three-year high with a rise of 6.1%, including a nearly 30% surge in crude prices, nearly 9% in fuel, raw materials, and power prices, and a 7 to 10% increase in diesel oil, kerosene, and gasoline prices. In addition, food prices climbed by 10% to as much as 18% during the month and significantly affected the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The inflation rate itself reached 7.1%, the highest since September 1996 when it hit 7.4%. In addition, productivity at numerous factories was affected. Among them, steel and aluminum production was scaled back due to a significant shortage of raw materials, and a loss of production of about 50,000 tonnes of lead and zinc was forecasted in Hunan. Telecom companies had significant repair costs as about 10,000\u00a0kilometers of lines were affected. The Ministry of Information Industry mentioned that this has affected 33\u00a0million users and cost at least 80\u00a0million yuan up until 27 January. Other sectors affected were hotels, airlines, and auto sales while other businesses had a disruption in the supply of products because of transportation delays. The Chinese government mentioned that the storm would not have a significant long-term effect on the general economy but would not be without significant short-term problems. The winter weather may have been responsible for a 7% drop in the Shanghai Composite Index due to concerns about the effects of transport breakdowns and power shortages. However, the storms happened at the same time as significant worldwide stock market volatility was occurring due to concerns of a recession in the United States . Energy-related stocks rose as much as 23% due to the rise in profits because of the weather woes. The winter storms marked the largest national mass mobilization since the 2003 SARS crisis and are comparable in size to the relief efforts of the 1998 Yangtze River Floods . Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao issued an apology to citizens regarding the situation in a publicly-televised appearance at a railway station in Changsha , Hunan. He mentioned that the electrical system would be the first to be fixed before restoring normal train operations for Lunar New Year holiday travelers. The severe weather also led to an emergency meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party , chaired by General Secretary Hu Jintao , to discuss ways in order to control the situation. About 300,000 troops and 1.1\u00a0million reservists were deployed to assist relief efforts and snow removal across various parts of affected regions. The government also announced a $700\u00a0million (2008 USD ) plan for helping farmers who had their crops destroyed by the winter weather. In addition, the government spent over 330\u00a0million yuan for local disaster relief operations. On 1 February, Premier Wen held a State Council meeting to discuss matters related to the snowstorms, and immediately afterward flew out to Hunan to inspect relief efforts. General Secretary and President Hu visited various coal mines to urge them to help end power shortages. There were also reports that China would invest significantly in better forecasting and cooperation between weather departments in the event of future storms as there were reports of criticism of the weather agencies. According to the China Meteorological Administration , there are plans to invest nearly 2\u00a0billion yuan (US$300\u00a0million) for the improvement of the weather forecasting work, which was reportedly approved by the State Council. In addition, several weather experts from the meteorological office said that the country was not properly prepared to face a winter weather event of this magnitude. Some had praised northern parts of the country for their emergency plans in unusual weather. but have criticized those from the southern parts. The Chinese Meteorological Administration also added that officials were not expecting such a lengthy episode of severe winter weather with an extensive impact across a large area. The Red Cross Society of China reported that they received at least 60\u00a0million yuan in donations and provided donations of food, medicine, quilts, coats, and tents. In addition, some other events, including an opera performance, raised additional funds for the areas affected. In addition, several foreign countries across the world had offered monetary assistance for the relief efforts. ", ["2_622"]] [20623, "42\u00b041\u203201\u2033N 72\u00b029\u203209\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 42.6835216\u00b0N 72.4857444\u00b0W \ufeff / 42.6835216; -72.4857444 Pioneer Valley Regional School is a public regional comprehensive secondary school located in Northfield , Massachusetts , United States. It offers grades seven through twelve. It is the primary high school for the towns of Leyden , Northfield , Warwick and Bernardston , Massachusetts. It is also an alternative for students from the neighboring town of Vernon, Vermont . The school was founded in 1776 .The Pioneer Valley School District was formed in 1991 following an agreement by the four towns involved: Leyden , Northfield, Warwick, and Bernardston . All four elementary schools fed into Pioneer until the closure of Leyden and Warwick elementary schools.A second expansion was made in 1992, expanding the high school portion and overhauling the auditorium.Since the formation of the Pioneer Valley Regional School District , Pioneer Valley Regional School has fallen under the jurisdiction of the district's twelve-member school committee, made up of three members from each of the four towns. Though students from Vernon, Vermont are allowed to attend Pioneer, Vernon has no seat at the committee.", ["2_623"]] [20624, "Vyacheslav Vasilevsky is a Russian professional mixed martial artist and sambo competitor. He has competed in professional MMA since 2008. He was the inaugural M-1 Global Light Heavyweight World Champion and also fought for Bellator MMA and Absolute Championship Akhmat . Vasilevsky is a multi-time world champion and Master of Sport in combat sambo . Vasilevsky was born and raised in the Siberian closed town of Zelenogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai . He began training in judo at age nine, ultimately becoming the junior judo champion of Krasnoyarsk Krai , a national youth judo championship medalist, and the judo champion of Siberia as an adult. [ better\u00a0source\u00a0needed ] By age 19, he was training in boxing and combat sambo , and his success in combat sambo led to invitations to compete in MMA. [ citation needed ]Vasilevsky made his debut with a first-round submission victory over Ladislav Zak via rear naked choke . His next fight was against Daniel Tabera which he lost by unanimous decision . Vasilevsky's road to the 2010 M-1 Global Light Heavyweight Championship started with a split decision victory over Sergey Guzev. Two other bouts in the selection \u2013 against Xavier Foupa-Pokam and Shamil Tinagadjiev went into the third round, though he also achieved a first-round victory over Alihan Magomedov. By contrast, none of Tomasz Narkun's professional fights had gone beyond the first round. Vyacheslav Vasilevsky defeated Tomasz Narkun via second-round TKO at M-1 Challenge XXII to become the inaugural M-1 Global Light Heavyweight Champion. However, after the fight, Vasilevsky moved down to middleweight. Vasilevsky signed with Bellator after a successful career in Russia where he compiled a 15-1 record.Vyacheslav faced Victor O'Donnell on March 16 at Bellator LXI in a middleweight tournament bout. He won the fight via unanimous decision to advance to the semifinal round. In the semifinal round, Vyacheslav faced Maiquel Falc\u00e3o on April 20 at Bellator LXVI . He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Vasilevsky was expected to face Doug Marshall in the Bellator Season Eight Middleweight tournament before being replaced by Andreas Spang . Vasilevsky defeated Charles Andrade on May 23, 2013 at M-1 Challenge 39. He won via unanimous decision. Vasilevsky then faced Vitor Nobrega on October 20, 2013 at M-1 Challenge 42. He won by TKO via punches in the first round. He then faced Ramazan Emeev for M-1 Challenge Middleweight Championship at M-1 Challenge 51 on September 7, 2014. Vasilevsky won the fight via TKO in the fourth round. Vasilevsky faced former Bellator MMA Middleweight Champion Alexander Shlemenko on February 19, 2016 at M-1 Challenge 68. He lost this fight via split decision.Vasilevsky returned to M-1 four months later to replace the injured Ramazan Emeev against Alexander Shlemenko in a rematch on June 16, 2016 at M-1 Challenge 64. Shlemenko won the fight via guillotine choke in the third round.In September 2016, Vasilevsky signed with the ACB. He was expected to face Albert Duraev on April 15, 2017 at the ACB 57: Payback for the vacant middleweight title. However, Duraev pulled out of the fight on 7 April and was replaced by Ibragim Chuzhigaev.Vasilevsky faced Will Noland on July 22, 2017 at ACB 65: Silva vs. Agnaev . He won the fight via submission in the first round.Except where otherwise indicated, details provided in the record box are taken from Sherdog . ", ["2_624"]] [20625, "Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Depot is a historic train station located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina . It was built in 1928 by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad , and is a long, rectangular, one-story, gable-roofed, frame board-and-batten building. It features the wide overhanging eaves and is in the American Craftsman style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. This article about a property in Horry County, South Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This South Carolina train station-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_625"]] [20626, "50\u00b03\u20325\u2033N 19\u00b056\u20325\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 50.05139\u00b0N 19.93472\u00b0E \ufeff / 50.05139; 19.93472 D\u017cok (\"Jock\") was a black mongrel dog who was seen waiting in vain for the entire year (1990\u20131991) at the Rondo Grunwaldzkie roundabout in Krak\u00f3w , Poland , to be fetched back by his master, who had died there. A monument to D\u017cok is located on the Czerwie\u0144ski Boulevard on the Vistula River in Krak\u00f3w, near the Wawel Castle and the Grunwald Bridge. In 1990 D\u017cok's owner died of a heart attack near the Rondo Grunwaldzkie roundabout. The dog remained there, waiting for his master. Fed by the inhabitants of Krak\u00f3w, it aroused surprise and sympathy. After a year of waiting, he accepted a new owner, Maria M\u00fcller. The woman died in 1998, the animal escaped from her house and, loitering around the railway area, died under the wheels of a moving train. The history of D\u017cok is considered by some to be one of the legends of Krak\u00f3w.Despite the initial lack of favour of the city authorities, many organizations (including the Krak\u00f3w Society for the Care of Animals and nationwide media based in Krak\u00f3w), well-known people ( Zbigniew Wodecki , Jerzy Po\u0142omski , Krzysztof Piasecki [ pl ] , Krzysztof Cugowski ) and many inhabitants of Krak\u00f3w contributed to the creation of the monument.The creator of the sculpture is Bronis\u0142aw Chromy . Its unveiling, on May 26, 2001, was made by a dog (a German shepherd named Kety). [ clarification needed ]A small monument depicts a dog nestled within protective, outstretched human hands, extending his left paw to the viewer. It is intended to symbolize canine loyalty and, more broadly, the bond between animals and humans.The inscription on the monument (in Polish and English) reads:\n\"The most faithful canine friend ever, epitomizing a dog's boundless devotion to his master. Throughout the entire year / 1990-1991 / D\u017cok was seen waiting in vain at the Rondo Grunwaldzkie roundabout to be fetched back by his master\".They intended to move the sculpture by several dozen meters because that was the concept of the National Army monument, which was planned to be set up here. ", ["2_626"]] [20628, "Ian Ashbee (born 6 September 1976) is an English former footballer who retired in 2012 having previously played for Preston North End , Derby County , Cambridge United and Hull City , and in Iceland , on loan to \u00cd\u00fer\u00f3ttaf\u00e9lag Reykjav\u00edkur . He is currently Assistant Manager at Bridlington Town . Ashbee began his career at Derby County in 1994. He stayed at the Rams for two seasons, but struggled to make an impact and after a loan spell, he was eventually sold to Cambridge United in 1996.Ashbee was one of Cambridge United's longest-serving players at the time. He made his debut in a 1\u20130 win at Torquay. It was here that Ashbee made his name as he scored 11 goals in over 200 games for The U's.Purchased by manager Jan M\u00f8lby in June 2002 in the Third Division he suffered a nightmare start to his Hull career as he was sent off on his debut. This was, however, due to his no-nonsense approach on the pitch and he soon became a firm favourite with Tigers fans and management alike, with both M\u00f8lby and Peter Taylor making him captain.The goal he scored against Yeovil Town was the goal that promoted Hull to League One and he was also instrumental in Hull's successful promotion campaign to the Football League Championship in the following season.Ashbee was, however, cursed by an old injury in the subsequent Championship campaign, being diagnosed with an osteochondral defect, a degenerative bone condition in his femur . He underwent surgery that involved drilling fourteen holes in the bone to stimulate re-growth. He was warned by his doctor that this injury threatened not just his career, but his ability to even walk. [ citation needed ] Ashbee was on crutches for four months and was ruled out for the majority of the 2005\u201306 season, nevertheless he remained a favourite amongst many Tigers fans, receiving a standing ovation at the last game of the season against Watford despite being sidelined.He was also retained as captain by Hull's next manager, Phil Parkinson , and his replacement, Phil Brown . But with a poor team performance in their second season in the Championship, finishing just one place outside the relegation zone, Ashbee as captain received a large share of fans' criticisms that were aimed at the team, despite the outgoing chairman Adam Pearson suggesting him as a potential Player of the Season. [ citation needed ]The 2007\u201308 season saw vastly improved performances from the team as a whole, culminating in the club reaching its first ever Wembley Stadium final, taking on Bristol City for a place in the Premier League , a game which they won 1\u20130. This meant that Ashbee captained Hull to promotion from the bottom division of the Football League to the top. Andy Dawson , Boaz Myhill and Ryan France are the other players to have helped take Hull up through the four divisions. On 16 August 2008 Ashbee was captain of the Hull side that won its first ever top-flight game 2\u20131 against Fulham , completing an achievement thought to be unique in English football: captaining the same team in all four divisions of the Football League, bottom to top. Towards the end of the 2008\u201309 season, in a fixture against Aston Villa on 4 May 2009, Ashbee suffered another career-threatening injury, rupturing a posterior cruciate ligament in his knee. It was initially thought that he would return to action in the Autumn, however on 18 August it was reported that Ashbee required further surgery on the knee and would likely miss the entire 2009\u201310 season. Upon his return in the first game of the 2010\u201311 season, Ashbee scored the second goal in Hull's 2\u20130 victory over Swansea City . In January 2011, Ashbee signed for Preston North End, managed by former Hull manager Phil Brown , after handing in a transfer request to then Hull City manager Nigel Pearson. Ashbee was offered a 1-year contract extension at Hull, but wanted to sign a 2-year contract, which Preston offered him. He went on to make 19 appearances for Preston during the season, but could not prevent his club from being relegated. Ashbee was named club captain of Preston in June 2011.On 2 February 2012, Preston and Ashbee agreed to end his contract. During that season, at the age of 35, he had struggled through a knee injury that restricted him to only seven starts and four substitute appearances. Ashbee stated on his Twitter page later in 2012 that he had retired from professional football at the age of 36. [ citation needed ]On 13 January 2015, he came out of retirement by signing for a short time with Humber Premier League side Hull United . He subsequently became chairman in June 2015, combining the role with his assistant manager duties. He left the club along with Curtis Woodhouse in 2016On 20 September 2016 Ian Ashbee was announced as the assistant manager to Curtis Woodhouse at Bridlington Town .In 2013 Ian Ashbee began working for Blowers Jewellers as Director of Sports Clients. [ citation needed ]Ashbee has a son, Stan , who is also a professional footballer. He currently plays for Ashbee's ex-side, Hull City . Cambridge UnitedHull City", ["2_628"]] [20629, "The Minnesota Point Light was a historic lighthouse on Minnesota Point in Duluth, Minnesota , United States, on the shores of Lake Superior . Built in 1858, it was the first lighthouse in the state, but is now a truncated ruined tower. The ruin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for its state-level significance in the theme of transportation. It was nominated for being the first high-powered lighthouse on Lake Superior, and the zero-point for all original surveys of the lake. The first survey of Lake Superior was undertaken in 1823 by Henry W. Bayfield of the British Navy, who chose a spot on Minnesota Point as the zero point of his mapping. The point is the eastern end of a great sand bar separating Superior Bay from the lake; the passage to the east of the point (known as Superior Entry) was the original outlet of the Saint Louis River. The Saint Louis River , which rises in Minnesota, becomes the Saint Louis Bay, then flows into Superior Bay and exits into Lake Superior via the ship canals, at each end of Minnesota Point (Park Point). Both Superior, Wisconsin , and Duluth, Minnesota , sprang up on opposite banks of the river and bay to take advantage of the excellent natural harbor; thus plans for a lighthouse to mark the entrance preceded Minnesota statehood, and appropriation was made by Congress in 1855. Due to delays from the cold winters, the light was not lit until spring of 1858. The spot chosen for the tower was Bayfield's zero point; a circular tower forty feet high and twelve feet in diameter was constructed of red brick brought in from Cleveland and coated with white mortar. This was topped with a wooden cupola, shingled except for windows on the lake side for the beacon. A 1 + 1 \u2044 2 -story dwelling of the same brick was built alongside the tower, topped with a slate roof. A fifth order Fresnel lens was installed, giving a fixed red indication. Construction of the dwelling was apparently substandard, as an 1868 report complained of leaks and fallen plaster. In any case, the station was to be relatively short-lived. In the same year, construction began on the first piers built to protect the Superior Entry inlet, and in 1871 a new channel was cut at the opposite end of the sand bar to allow direct entry into Duluth harbor. All of these required additional navigational aids. In 1878 a light was placed on the north pier of the Superior Entry, and the Minnesota Point Light was extinguished; this proved to be temporary, however, and it was re-lit in 1880. A new pierhead light was constructed in 1885, and the old light was again extinguished, this time for good. The dwelling continued in use as housing for the keepers of the north pierhead light, but in 1893 this light was transferred to the south pier (succeeded by the present Wisconsin Point Light in 1913). This necessitated a new keeper's house on the other side of the inlet as well, and the old dwelling was abandoned, eventually completely disappearing. The tower continues to stand, its lantern gone and the brickwork truncated, the mortar gradually disappearing from the brickwork. A buoy depot was built on the grounds in 1903, but it too has been abandoned. The remains of the tower were put on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. ", ["2_629"]] [20631, "Doug DeVos (born October 6, 1964) is an American businessman and sailor. He is co-chairman with Steve Van Andel of Amway , which was co-founded by their fathers. DeVos is the chairman of the executive committee of the National Constitutional Center . DeVos is the youngest son of Helen June (Van Wesep) and Amway co-founder Rich DeVos , who, with Steve Van Andel's father Jay Van Andel , started Amway in Ada, Michigan , in 1959. DeVos earned a degree from Purdue University , and played quarterback there. DeVos started at Amway early in his working career, and took on various responsibilities and roles before being named president in 2002. Doug DeVos is the brother of Dick DeVos , and brother-in-law to Betsy DeVos , who was the Secretary of Education in the Trump Administration , from 2017 to 2021.DeVos was president of Amway from 2002 to 2018 and co-CEO with Steve Van Andel in what was called the office of the chief executive until the end of 2018. The current CEO is Milind Pant .In 2018, US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross appointed DeVos as a member of the US-India CEO Forum. From 2014 to 2017, DeVos was chairman of the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations , a global trade organization representing more than 60 national direct selling associations. In 2012, he was inducted into the United States Direct Selling Association Hall of Fame along with his brother, Dick DeVos. DeVos and his wife Maria established their foundation in 1992. The stated mission of the Foundation: \"The Doug & Maria DeVos Foundation is committed to helping youth, families, and the community in greater Grand Rapids obtain the resources and tools to achieve their full potential\". (Assessed by the Grand Rapids Institute for Information Democracy in 2019 based on 2015 \u2013 2017 990 documents) DeVos is a member of the New York Yacht Club (NYYC). He teamed with John J. \"Hap\" Fauth and Roger Penske to lead the club's 2021 entry into the America's Cup , with a team named \"American Magic\" . \"American Magic\" refers to the first Cup winner, the yacht America of 1851 , and the first defender, NYYC's yacht Magic , who successfully defended in 1870 . The America's Cup trophy was held by the NYYC for 132 years until 1983 . The NYYC successfully defended the trophy twenty-four times in a row before being defeated by the Royal Perth Yacht Club , represented by the yacht Australia II . The NYYC's reign was the longest winning streak - as measured by years - in the history of all sports. Along with Terry Hutchinson and the Quantum Racing team, DeVos won the 52 Super Series Championship in 2018, the world's leading grand prix monohull yacht racing circuit. DeVos and Quantum also won the championship in 2013, 2014 and 2016. In 2019, DeVos and Quantum finished in third place. He is also a majority owner of Quantum Sails, a sail manufacturer based in Traverse City, Michigan.In 2016, DeVos was honored by the \"He Played Football\" award from the Joe Tiller Chapter of the National Football Foundation. The award is intended to provide recognition to a former football player from the Northeast Indiana region who went on to become highly successful in life after football. In 2019, DeVos supported an effort in Michigan to bring about criminal justice reforms. New measures have been under consideration such as making it easier for ex-offenders and residents to have their criminal histories expunged from the public record. DeVos mentioned the loss to the community when people are not welcomed back after they completed their sentences . He was quoted as saying, \u201cYou lose the people who\u2019ve made these mistakes, and you lose the opportunity for them to become productive members of society,\u201d DeVos said. \u201cNot just an employee, but a husband, a wife, a mother, a father, a sister, a brother, a neighbor. These are people in our communities.\u201d DeVos has been involved with speaking at and supporting various Christian ministry leadership causes. For instance, he spoke at the Christian Leaders Institute banquet on September 4, 2019. DeVos was also the former co-chair (along with Christian film and media producer Billy Zeoli ) of Gospel Communications International . Gospel Communications International developed the BibleGateway.com website and also trained and hosted hundreds of evangelical ministries on the internet beginning in 1995. Gospel Communications International both sold the BibleGateway.com website and ceased operations on December 15, 2008.Doug is married to Maria and they have four children. ", ["2_631"]] [20632, "Michel Louis Edmond Galabru (27 October 1922 \u2013 4 January 2016) was a French actor. He was known for his roles in Subway (1985), Belle \u00e9poque (1992) and as Abraracourcix in Asterix & Obelix Take On Caesar (1999). Galabru was born in Safi , Morocco to French parents. He was raised near Paris , France . He appeared in over 250 movies mostly directed by Bertrand Blier , Jean-Luc Godard , Luc Besson and Costa-Gavras . Galabru died on 4 January 2016 in his home in Paris, France at the age of 93.Media related to Michel Galabru at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_632"]] [20633, "Achalm is a mountain in Reutlingen , Germany . On its top, the ruins of Achalm Castle can be found, ancestral seat of the counts of Achalm, a 13th-century Swabian noble family related to the counts of Urach . The toponym is probably from the Indo-European root *ak-/*ok \u201esharp, cliff\u201c. A popular etymology connects it to the supposed last words of count Egino, which is attributed to the balladist Ludwig Uhland in his \"Schlacht bei Reutlingen\". \nIt is said he wanted to say \"Ach Allm\u00e4chtiger!\" (German for \"O Almighty!\" ), but was only able to say \"Ach Allm...\" . This Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_633"]] [20640, "Eu ( IPA: [\u00f8] \u24d8 ) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France . Eu is located near the coast in the eastern part of the department, near the border with Picardy .Its inhabitants are known in French as the Eudois .Eu is situated at the junction of the RD 1015, the RD 925 , the RD 940 and the RD 1314 roads, in the steep-sided valley of the river Bresle , whose mouth is 4\u00a0km (2.5\u00a0mi) away to the north-west in Le Tr\u00e9port . Eu station has rail connections to Beauvais and Le Tr\u00e9port.The name of the commune is related to that of the river on which it stands. Before being called the Bresle , this small river was known in the Middle Ages under the name of Ou , which then became Eu .The County of Eu was created in 996 by Duke Richard I of Normandy for his illegitimate son Geoffrey, Count of Brionne . It was a march protecting Normandy from invasion from the east.In 1050, William, Duke of Normandy, the future William the Conqueror and king of England, married Matilda, the daughter of the Count of Flanders , at the chapel of the castle in Eu. The chapel is the only part of this castle which still stands today.In 1180, Laurence O'Toole , the archbishop of Dublin and papal legate , fell ill at Eu on his way to meet King Henry II of England . He died there. He was beatified in 1186 and canonised in 1225 as St Laurence, becoming the patron saint of the town. The collegiate church was named for the Virgin Mary and for him, Notre-Dame et Saint-Laurent , and still holds some of his preserved relics . In the 12th century, King Richard I of England , who was also Duke of Normandy , built the city walls.In 1430, Joan of Arc as a prisoner of the English spent a night there, during her journey to Rouen .The county remained an independent fief of the French crown until 1472, when it was inherited by John II, Count of Nevers . In 1477 it was incorporated into the Burgundian territories of Charles the Bold . However, later that year Charles was killed in battle; King Louis XI of France took the opportunity to seize Charles' French fiefs, including Eu, and incorporated them in the French royal domain .The British Queen Victoria visited Eu on two occasions as guest of Louis-Philippe . The first time in 1843 was to cement an early form of the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France. It was the first time monarchs of the two countries had met since King Henry VIII of England met with King Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520.The Croix de Guerre was awarded to the town in 1944.It is chiefly known for its nearby national forest, the Eu Forest , the Renaissance style Ch\u00e2teau d'Eu and its college.Eu is twinned with:", ["2_640"]] [20641, "John Joseph Phelan (June 24, 1851 \u2013 November 6, 1936) was an American politician who served Secretary of the State of Connecticut , coroner of Fairfield County, Connecticut , and was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives . He was also the second Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus . Phelan was born to Michael and Catherine (White) Phelan in County Wexford on June 24, 1851. He graduated from the Wexford Christian Brothers' School in 1865 and worked for his father's granite business. He and his father immigrated to the United States in 1870 and worked as a marble and granite cutter. He began studying law in 1874 and began practicing following his graduation from the New York University School of Law in 1878. On December 25, 1879 he married Annie D. Fitzgerald. They remained married until her death in 1929. Phelan began his political career in 1880 as a member of the Bridgeport Board of Aldermen. He was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1884. In 1896 he was the Democratic nominee for Speaker of the House. He became the Bridgeport city attorney in 1889. He was the Democratic nominee for Secretary of the State in 1890, however electoral challenges and a legislative deadlock prevented him from being seated. He was elected two years later and served from 1893 to 1895. Phelan was not a founding member of the Knights. He joined the group in 1885. At the beginning of Phelan's leadership in 1886, there were just thirty-eight councils with about 2,700 members. After his time in office ended in 1897, there were 210 councils and nearly 17,000 members located in ten states. Phelan also served as chairman of the Connection delegation to the Catholic Congress and president of the Bridgeport chapter of the Irish National Land League . In 1925 he was made a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by Pope Pope Pius XI . From 1909 to 1912 Phelan was a member a member of the Bridgeport board of appointment. In 1912 he was appointed coroner of Fairfield County. He held the office until his death on November 6, 1936. ", ["2_641"]] [20642, "Alice Russell (born 1 March 1975) is a British soul singer. Russell is the daughter of an organist, and grew up in Framlingham , Suffolk. At the age of nine, following in her father and sisters' musical footsteps, Russell began taking lessons on the cello, and sang in choirs , before studying art and music in Brighton from 1994. As well as the classical influences of her father, and formal music lessons, Russell began finding influence in gospel music and soul artists such as Stevie Wonder and Aretha Franklin from an early age which played a big part in the shaping of her style. Artists including Minnie Riperton , Eva Cassidy , Chaka Khan and Jill Scott are listed by Russell as influences. In the early 2000s, she contributed to recordings by Bah Samba, Quantic , TM Juke, Kushti and Nostalgia 77 . Her work with Bah Samba infused Latin sounds with tinges of uplifting jazz and funk , whereas her material with the band Kushti contained a more laid back, hip hop and soul inspired sound. Her debut album, Under the Munka Moon was released on Tru Thoughts in 2004, which was an amalgamation of various singles, remixes and collaborations.In 2005, her debut studio album My Favourite Letters was recorded for Tru Thoughts, created by Russell with co-writer, producer, guitarist and musical friend Alex Cowan (a.k.a. TM Juke). Her third release, Under the Munka Moon II (Tru Thoughts) in 2006 compiled her most recent collaborations, remixes, and cover versions including an interpretation of the White Stripes ' \" Seven Nation Army \". Russell and TM Juke toured together with chosen sidemen , performing in the UK, Europe, Australia, the United States and elsewhere. In 2006, Russell played the main stage at The Big Chill , and a DVD featuring a concert recorded Live in Paris came out.In 2008, Russell released the album, Pot of Gold , on Six Degrees Records in the United States and on her own label Little Poppet in the UK. \nRussell toured throughout the end of 2008 into 2009, performing shows in Australia, Europe, Canada and America, including the South by South West Music and Media Conference in Austin, Texas in 2009.Due to the collapse of Pinnacle distribution in 2008, Pot of Gold was re-released in October 2009 on the Little Poppet label, accompanied by the release of the double CD Pot of Gold Remixes album, with mixes by Mr Scruff , DJ Vadim , Emika , Ste Simpson and the Heavy . The releases were supported by European and UK tour dates, that continued in 2010 throughout Europe, including playing a stripped back show at London's Union Chapel .Russell released the studio album To Dust on Tru Thoughts in February 2013. Her latest album, I Am , issued in April 2024, was her first in a decade. ", ["2_642"]] [20643, "The Embassy of the United Arab Emirates at 1-2 Grosvenor Crescent in the Grosvenor Crescent district of London , is the diplomatic mission of the United Arab Emirates in the United Kingdom . The UAE also maintains a Consulate, Police Liaison Section & Cultural Attach\u00e9's office at 48 Prince's Gate, South Kensington , a Military Attach\u00e9's Office at 6 Queen's Gate Terrace , South Kensington and a Health Section at 71 Harley Street , Marylebone . The embassy was inaugurated on 28 November 2017 and was moved from its previous location in South Kensington to Grosvenor Crescent . The embassy is located between Belgrave Square and Hyde Park corner in south-west London.The old embassy was situated in a mid 19th-century stucco terraced house overlooking Hyde Park in Kensington Road , Westminster , London, next door to the Embassy of Tunisia and the Embassy of Afghanistan . The new embassy is an updated and expanded version of the previous embassy building and is on the cross intersection of two streets. The embassy serves Emirati nationals in the United Kingdom.This United Arab Emirates -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This London -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_643"]] [20644, "Benedikt Sarnov ( Russian : \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432 ; January 4, 1927 \u2013 April 20, 2014) was a Moscow literary critic , historian of Soviet literature, and writer. After graduating from Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in 1951, he became a member of Union of Soviet Writers in 1960. He worked in the magazine Literaturnaya Gazeta , created a popular literary radio program and authored a column about Russian prose in Ogonek . In 1990s he became Secretary of the Moscow Writers' Union, a part of Union of Russian Writers . He has published over twenty books, and hundreds of articles and reviews, and continued to be active in the post-Soviet period. His most recent books were about relationships of Stalin and Soviet writers and other intellectuals He died in 2014. ", ["2_644"]] [20648, "Richard Hayward (February 6, 1946 \u2013 August 12, 2010 ) was an American drummer best known as a founding member and drummer in the band Little Feat . He performed with several bands and worked as a session player . Hayward also joined with friends in some small acting roles on television, which included an episode of F Troop . Hayward first appeared to the public as a member of a band based in Southern California. Before he joined Little Feat he was a member of the groups The Fraternity of Man , and then The Factory, which was where he met the frontman of the band, Lowell George . The Factory portrayed an anachronistic Beatlesque band, the Bedbugs, on the February 9, 1967, episode of the sitcom F Troop . In addition to his work with Little Feat, Hayward recorded and performed with many other artists including: Joan Armatrading , Delaney Bramlett , Kim Carnes , Eric Clapton , Ry Cooder , James Cotton , The Doobie Brothers , Bob Dylan , Peter Frampton , Buddy Guy , Arlo Guthrie , Al Kooper , Jonny Lang , Barbra Streisand , Eric Lynn , Nils Lofgren , Taj Mahal , Coco Montoya , Robert Palmer , Van Dyke Parks , Robert Plant , Paul Rodgers , Linda Ronstadt , Bob Seger , Carly Simon , Nancy Sinatra , Stephen Stills , Tom Waits , John Cale , Warren Zevon , Warren Haynes , Jimmy Herring , and Helen Watson . Hayward's talents were also utilized when he appeared as a member of another group in the 1978 film The Buddy Holly Story .Richie Hayward died on August 12, 2010, from complications due to liver cancer . The day after his death Little Feat played a gig at Fairport's Cropredy Convention festival in Cropredy (UK), and spoke of their sadness performing without Hayward, Paul Barrere starting the gig with the words \"Let's Rock For Richie\".This article on a United States drummer is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_648"]] [20649, "Austin \"Red\" Robbins (September 30, 1944 \u2013 November 18, 2009 ) was an American basketball player. Robbins, a 6'8\" forward / center from Leesburg, Florida , starred at the University of Tennessee in the 1960s and then played professionally for the American Basketball Association 's New Orleans Buccaneers (1967\u20131970), Utah Stars (1970\u20131972), San Diego Conquistadors (1972\u20131973; 1973\u20131974), Kentucky Colonels (1973; 1974\u20131975), and Virginia Squires (1975\u20131976). Robbins was nicknamed for his red hair and perceived fiery personality, and grabbed over 6,000 rebounds in his career. Robbins was also an offensive contributor with a .466 field goal percentage; and led the ABA in three pointer percentage, with a .408 mark, in the 1971-72 season . In Game 7 of the 1971 ABA Western Division playoffs, he made 11 out of 12 field goals to lead the Utah Stars to a 108\u2013101 victory en route to the league title.Robbins died in Metairie, Louisiana on November 18, 2009, aged 65, after having battled cancer. This biographical article relating to a United States basketball player, coach, or other figure born in the 1940s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Louisville -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_649"]] [20650, "William Rancic ( / \u02c8 r \u00e6 n t s \u026a k / ; born May 16, 1971) is an American businessman, author, television personality and philanthropist. He was the first candidate hired by The Trump Organization at the conclusion of the first season of Donald Trump 's reality television show, The Apprentice . Rancic owns several restaurants mainly in Chicago and Washington, D.C. which include RPM Italian , RPM Steak and RPM on the Water .He is married to E! News host Giuliana Rancic .", ["2_650"]] [20651, "Solomon \" Momy \" Levy MBE JP (26 October 1936 \u2013 22 December 2016), was a Gibraltarian estate agent and the Mayor of Gibraltar . He held office from 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2009. A member of the Gibraltarian Jewish community , Levy was the nephew of Sir Joshua Hassan and was an estate agent before he took office. He founded Solomon Levy FRICS in 1960. Levy served 18 years with the Gibraltar Defence Force and was the unit's first Jewish officer. The city of Funchal , Madeira , and Gibraltar were twinned on 13 May 2009 by their then mayors, Miguel Albuquerque and Solomon, who had been an evacuee during the evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population during World War II from Gibraltar to Madeira . Solomon then had a meeting with the then President of Madeira Alberto Jo\u00e3o Jardim .Levy died in St Bernard's Hospital in Gibraltar on 22 December 2016. He was 80. This biographical article relating to politics in Gibraltar is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a mayor in the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_651"]] [20652, "The Woman Between is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Victor Schertzinger and written by Howard Estabrook . The film stars Lili Damita , Lester Vail , O.P. Heggie , Miriam Seegar and Anita Louise . It was released on August 8, 1931 by RKO Pictures . A young man returns from Europe after several years of estrangement from his family caused by his disapproval of his father's remarriage after his mother's death. At the family reunion, he learns that his stepmother is the woman with whom he had a shipboard romance on the voyage home.This 1930s drama film-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_652"]] [20653, "The Gerbong Maut incident ( lit. ' Death Carriage incident ' ), also known as the Bondowoso death train , is a historical incident that occurred on November 23, 1947 in Bondowoso , Indonesia during Dutch occupation . In the midst of the guerrilla war between the people of Bondowoso and the Dutch colonial forces, 100 men were arrested on suspicion of being revolutionaries. The men where stuffed into 3 railway cars headed from the Bondowoso train station to the Kalisosok Prison in Surabaya , about 250 kilometers away because of alleged overcrowding at the local jail. The sealed cars, made of timber and corrugated iron, allowed little oxygen and created an extreme heat. Based on the testimony of one of the survivors, when the train stopped at sidings along the 16-hour journey, the prisoners hit the walls and shouted for food and water. They were told only bullets were available and nothing would be supplied until the train reached Surabaya . However, when the train reached its destination only 12 were left unharmed by lack of oxygen and heat stress. All the men in the first car were alive though some were seriously sick. In the second car, eight were dead. In the last wagon no one had survived. The monument is located in the centre of the city of Bondowoso , between the alun-alun (city central square) and the regency government office. The monument consists of two parts, a railway car and a statue representing the hundred prisoners of the Gerbong Maut. The railway car is a replica and the original car is displayed at the Brawijaya Army Museum in Malang .", ["2_653"]] [20654, "De Mearmin , formerly also known as Geestermermeermolen , is a smock mill in Damw\u00e2ld , Friesland , Netherlands , which was built in 1968 at Dokkum . The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument , number 467708. Between 2014 and 2016, the mill was dismantled, restored and moved to a new site in Damw\u00e2ld. The Mearmin was built between 1968 and 1970 by millwright Auke de Roos of Leeuwarden for the former owner Pier Prins in a privately owned little nature reserve called Geestmermeer. It incorporated parts of a drainage mill which stood at Readtsjerk , and also parts from various other demolished mills in Friesland. The windmill received monument status because of these historic parts in 1990, but only after a lengthy dispute. In later years, the windmill fell into disrepair. It was in a derelict condition by 2009 and under threat of disappearing completely. However, in March 2014 the mill was moved to the workshop of Hiemstra millwrights to be restored to working order. After restoration it was rebuilt at De S\u00fbkerei open-air museum in Damw\u00e2ld . De Mearmin is what the Dutch describe as a \"grondzeiler\" . It is a two-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There is no stage, the sail reaching almost to the ground. The smock and cap boarded. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of 15.20 metres (49\u00a0ft 10\u00a0in). The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft , which was cast by Koning of Foxham , Groningen in 1903. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 50 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft . At the bottom of the upright shaft , the crown wheel , which has 37 cogs drives a gearwheel with 34 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The wooden screw has a 1.17 metres (3\u00a0ft 10\u00a0in) diameter. The windmill is part of an open-air museum \"De S\u00fbkerei\" and can be visited during opening hours of the museum. ", ["2_654"]] [20655, "The 25th United States Colored Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863. The 25th U.S. Colored Infantry was organized at Camp William Penn near Philadelphia , Pennsylvania beginning January 3, 1864 for three-year service under the command of Colonel Gustavus A. Scroggs.The regiment was attached to Defenses of New Orleans, Louisiana, Department of the Gulf , May to July 1864. District of Pensacola, Florida, Department of the Gulf, to October 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, U.S. Colored Troops, Department of the Gulf, October 1864. 1st Brigade, District of West Florida, to January 1865. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, U.S. Colored Troops, District of West Florida, to February 1865. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, U.S. Colored Troops, District of West Florida, to April 1865. Unattached, District of West Florida, to July 1865. Department of Florida , to December 1865.The 25th U.S. Colored Infantry mustered out of service December 6, 1865.Sailed for New Orleans, La., on the steamer Suwanee March 15, 1864 (right wing). Vessel sprung a leak off Cape Hatteras and put into harbor at Beaufort, North Carolina. Duty there in the defenses, under Gen. Wessells, until April, then proceeded to New Orleans, arriving May 1. Left Wing in camp at Carrollton. Duty in the Defenses of New Orleans, La., until July 1864. Garrison duty at Post of Barrancas, Fla. (6 companies), and at Fort Pickens, Pensacola Harbor (4 companies), until December 1865.", ["2_655"]] [20656, "The Great Central Railway Class 1A , classified B8 by the LNER , was a class of 4-6-0 mixed-traffic locomotives designed by John G. Robinson for fast goods, relief passenger and excursion services. They were known as the \u2018Glenalmond Class\u2019 and were a smaller wheeled version of Robinson's earlier Sir Sam Fay express passenger class (LNER Class B2), which they closely resembled. The prototype was built at Gorton Locomotive Works , during 1913 and the remaining ten, one year later. They had the same design problems associated with the Sir Sam Fay class and were mainly used on secondary passenger and freight services. None have been preserved.This article relating to steam locomotives operated in England is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_656"]] [20657, "Emil Ferris ( listen \u24d8 ; born 1962) is an American writer, cartoonist, and designer. Ferris debuted in publishing with her 2017 graphic novel My Favorite Thing Is Monsters , which was praised as a \"masterpiece\" and one of the best comics by a new author. Emil Ferris was born to Eleanor Spiess-Ferris and Mike Ferris on Chicago's South Side and grew up in the North Side's Uptown neighborhood. Her parents are artists who met at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago , and she would often visit the Art Institute of Chicago with them. Ferris traces her Hispanic lineage from Indigenous Mexico to Spain, and is also of Lebanese , German , French, Irish emigres, and Sephardic Jewish descent. Ferris' mother took diethylstilbestrol when pregnant, leading Ferris to say she was biologically male but transformed to female in utero, and she therefore identifies with others who have gender dysphoria. Ferris identified early in her life as a lesbian but later on came to see herself as bisexual. She was sexually abused as a child, which she says negatively affected her ability to draw in a cartoon style for many years. This was the '60s. I watched protests being broken up by the police. I saw bigotry. It made me think about our own inner monstrousness. \u2013 Emil FerrisFerris was obsessed with monsters as a child, eagerly looking forward to Creature Features on Saturday nights, which had monsters she would weep for. Ferris had scoliosis , and to get attention on the playground, she told horror stories. Ferris has discussed how she saw herself as a child: observing the oppressive social role her beautiful mother, as well as other humans, had to play. As a child, Ferris was part of a theatrical troupe near the Graceland Cemetery \u2014 which she visited, hoping to find monsters or a ghost. Ferris gained an understanding of World War II by talking to Holocaust survivors who lived in the neighborhood of Rogers Park , which she had moved to. She would visit the owner of a gallery who had an identification number tattoo , as well as elderly survivors, forming a connection between their experiences and monsters. In 2001, when she was 40, Ferris contracted West Nile fever from a mosquito bite. Three weeks after going to the hospital, she was paralyzed from the waist down and lost movement in her right hand. She eventually regained motor functionality and returned to working and drawing, receiving a MFA in creative writing from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago . In terms of artistic influences, Ferris was exposed to the works of Francisco Goya and Honor\u00e9 Daumier as a child, as well as Collier's illustrated Dickens . Cartoonists who were inspirations for her include Robert Crumb , Alison Bechdel , and Art Spiegelman . She has also cited horror film posters and stories from EC Comics as ideas for the mock covers she drew in My Favorite Thing is Monsters . Ferris worked as a freelance illustrator and toy designer for clients such as McDonald's and Takara Tomy before becoming an author. While recovering from the paralysis caused by West Nile fever, Ferris worked on her graphic novel. My Favorite Thing Is Monsters tells the story of Karen Reyes, a 10-year-old girl and fan of monster movies (like Ferris herself) who, growing up amidst the social tensions of 1960s Chicago, investigates the death of her upstairs neighbor. The book is written and drawn in the form of Reyes' diary notebook, with crosshatched artwork drawn with a ballpoint pen. The 400-page My Favorite Thing is Monsters (volume one) was released in 2017 by Fantagraphics , receiving praise from authors like Art Spiegelman , Alison Bechdel , and Chris Ware ; it was regarded as one of the best comics of 2017. My Favorite Thing is Monsters volume two was released on May 24, 2024. In April 2022, Ferris was reported among the more than three dozen comics creators who contributed to Operation USA 's benefit anthology book, Comics for Ukraine: Sunflower Seeds , a project spearheaded by editor Scott Dunbier , whose profits would be donated to relief efforts for Ukrainian refugees resulting from the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . When Ferris contracted West Nile virus at age 40, she was the single mother of a six-year-old daughter named Ruby. ", ["2_657"]] [20658, "Skellefte\u00e5 ( Swedish: [\u0267\u025b\u02c8l\u025b\u030cft\u025b\u0254] , locally [\u0282\u025b\u02c8l\u025b\u030cft\u025b] \u24d8 ) is a city in V\u00e4sterbotten County , Sweden . It is the seat of Skellefte\u00e5 Municipality , which had 77,322 inhabitants in 2024. The city is historically industrial, with mining being a large part of that industry, especially for gold, leading to the city being nicknamed Guldstaden (\"gold town\"). Politically, Skellefte\u00e5 is a Social Democratic stronghold. The city is a well-known ice hockey town , with its main team Skellefte\u00e5 AIK playing in the Swedish top division: the SHL , which they have won on several occasions; most recently in 2024 .The city was incorporated in 1845 and grew to its current population size in the 1950s and 1960s, growing only slowly since. It is the second largest city in V\u00e4sterbotten after Ume\u00e5 and is located roughly halfway between it and Lule\u00e5 . The Skellefte River passes through the city and it is located around 15 kilometres (9.3\u00a0mi) from the Bothnian Bay open sea. Skellefte\u00e5 is served by Skellefte\u00e5 Airport , IATA airport code SFT but locally known as Falmark because of the village nearby, also around 15 kilometres (9.3\u00a0mi) from the city centre to the south.The name Skellefte\u00e5 is recorded to having been spelled as Skelepht in 1327. [ citation needed ] On Carta marina the name is spelt Skellitta . The origin of the name remains unknown, but is assumed to be of Sami origin.From the 14th century on, attempts were made to Christianize Skellefte\u00e5. A parish was formed and a church built. However, for the most part, the entire large Northern Swedish territory of Norrland was not Christianized until several hundred years after the rest of Sweden, and many northern areas such as Skellefte\u00e5 remained unexplored well past the Middle Ages.Not before the very end of the 17th century did the indigenous Sami people of Northern Sweden begin turning to Christianity, much due to the efforts by the Northern Swedish superintendent Mathias Steuchius , who worked hard to accomplish this. Several Sami shamans were killed for this reason. [ citation needed ]Eventually, the reason for the sudden awakened interest towards Skellefte\u00e4lven and the surrounding areas was the great northern fishing grounds of salmon .The actual city of Skellefte\u00e5 is one of the youngest cities of Norrland. It was founded in 1845 by the vicar Nils Nordlander.Major industries include:The city will become the home of a massive battery plant made by Northvolt by circa 2023. The largest private employer in Skellefte\u00e5 is the mining company Boliden AB , with about 1,200 employees. [ citation needed ] The mine's copper ore contains particles of gold, silver and platinum. Skellefte\u00e5 is still referred to as the \"Goldtown\" . [ by whom? ]During the 1990s, the computer industry flourished, subsidiaries of Ericsson and Tieto Enator becoming important employers. [ citation needed ]Skellefte\u00e5 has a subarctic climate ( Dfc ) with mild summers and cold, long and snowy winters. The climate is somewhat moderated by the Bothnia Bay , although maritime effects are limited, ensuring warm summer temperatures for a coastal area so far north. In the last century, as part of global climate warming, an increase in summer temperatures as well as an earlier arrival of spring and a later onset of winter have been observed. Precipitation is moderate, the maximum precipitation is in the second half of summer. The difference in average hours of sunshine between months is large: December has very little due to both very short days and high cloud cover, while June has a lot due to long days and relatively clear weather.The European route E4 highway provides the main road connection to the city, providing direct connections to cities like Stockholm and Sundsvall going south and Lule\u00e5 going north. Riksv\u00e4g 95 also serves the city.There is a railway branch line running through Skellefte\u00e5, although with no passenger traffic, making it the largest city in Sweden without it. The line is still served by Freight traffic . There were plans to start night trains going from Stockholm to Skellefte\u00e5, with service being expected to commence in April 2022. Due to a decision from Trafikverket , the planned night trains were cancelled before they started running. The closest train station in use is located in Bastutr\u00e4sk , from which trains heading to several cities including Stockholm , Ume\u00e5 and Lule\u00e5 depart, operated by Norrt\u00e5g and Vy . There goes a bus to Skellefte\u00e5 from Bastutr\u00e4sk, intended for transfers to and from the trains. The High-speed rail line Norrbotniabanan is planned to go through the city, providing it with rail service for the first time since 1990. As a part of this, a new station will be constructed close to the city centre. Service is expected to begin in 2030. Media related to Skellefte\u00e5 at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_658"]] [20659, "Basement are an English rock band formed in Ipswich, Suffolk , in 2009. Their debut studio album, I Wish I Could Stay Here , was released in 2011. The next year, Colourmeinkindness was released, charting on the US Billboard Top 200. After touring in support of Colourmeinkindness , the band went on hiatus in 2012. In 2014, they reunited to release the EP Further Sky . The next album, Promise Everything , charted in 2016 in Australia, the UK and the US. The band's fourth album, Beside Myself , was released in October 2018. Basement formed in September 2009 in Ipswich , England, following the break-up of pop punk band In This for Fun. In This for Fun released The Away from Home EP before they broke-up. The band picked Basement as a name simply because they \"wanted a short name that didn't mean much.\" On 17 May 2010, the band released their debut EP Songs About the Weather and in August, signed to Run for Cover . They released their first full-length album, I Wish I Could Stay Here , through Run For Cover Records in 2011. The band promoted the release through several tours, including tours to Australia and two American tours with label mates and friends from Daylight (now Superheaven ). Before the release of their second album Colourmeinkindness , the band announced a hiatus. The group revealed that the break was \"due to a number of personal commitments\". Colourmeinkindness was released on 23 October and charted at number 188 on the US Billboard 200 chart. In mid-November, the band played their final shows. Guitarist Alex Henery later revealed it was due to vocalist Andrew Fisher wishing to become a certified teacher . This required Fisher to return to school for a period of a year and a half. Drummer James Fisher, Andrew's younger brother, was graduating from Kingston University, and the rest of the members were working on their respective careers. Henery, meanwhile, was working as a videographer in Boston, Massachusetts for Run for Cover. On 29 January 2014 a tweet was posted on the band's Twitter account simply saying \"Hi\", and the dates \"2008\u20132012\" were removed from their Twitter and Facebook biographies, suggesting the band had returned from their hiatus. The band posted on Facebook later that day confirming that the hiatus was over as well as suggesting that there would be a summer tour. In June 2014, the band announced that they had recorded a new EP for release in July of that year, entitled Further Sky including two new songs, plus a cover of Suede's \" Animal Nitrate \". The band toured across Australia, Japan and America between 26 July and 20 August. For the latter, all of the tour dates had sold out. The band then played a trio of shows (London, Leeds and Manchester) in the UK in late October with support from Cloakroom and Newmoon. Guitarist Alex Henery noted in an August 2014 interview with The Aquarian that they were writing material for a new album. On 29 January 2016, the band released Promise Everything . On 3 February 2017, it was announced that the band had signed to major label Fueled by Ramen . In July 2018, Basement posted a teaser video on their social media accounts which featured footage of them recording in the studio. One week later, the band released a new single entitled \"Disconnect.\" The song is the lead track from their fourth album, Beside Myself , which was released globally on 12 October. A month before the album is set to be released, the band premiered a second single on Highsnobiety entitled \"Stigmata\". A third single, \" Be Here Now \", was released on 2 October 2018. In October 2018, it was announced that the band would support Weezer and the Pixies on their spring 2019 tour of North America. The band entered a hiatus following the tour, with Henery focusing on both playing in Fiddlehead (who released the album Between the Richness in 2021) and his work as Turnstile 's touring videographer and photographer. In 2021, it was announced that Basement would play at the second night of Outbreak Fest 2022, marking the band's first show in three years. The set was billed as celebrating 10 years of Colourmeinkindness and 11 years of I Wish I Could Stay Here . The band also pressed a 10-year anniversary vinyl reissue of the former via Run For Cover later that year, which was released on October 21. In December 2023, the band announced a show to again take place at the following year's Outbreak Fest. The band officially reunited thereafter, announcing US tour dates as well as an appearance at the When We Were Young festival and their official re-signing to Run For Cover Records. Critics have categorised Basement as alternative rock , emo , post-hardcore , and soft grunge . On Songs About the Weather , Punknews.org reviewer Brian Shultz compared the band to the likes of Title Fight , Daylight (Superheaven) and Bearings. The EP's sound has been described as pop punk . I Wish I Could Stay Here has been described as emo, pop punk and post-hardcore . Colourmeinkindness has been described as rock , and alternative rock. Further Sky has been described as alternative rock and rock and roll . Promise Everything has been described as alternative rock. AllMusic biographer Matt Collar described the band's sound as influenced by \" melodic hardcore punk \". Collar later described the band's sound as noise rock . Basement have cited numerous bands as influences, including the Ataris , the Promise Ring , Mineral , Braid , Smoking Popes , Jets to Brazil , Jimmy Eat World , and Piebald . ", ["2_659"]] [20660, "Henry Woolson Morse (February 24, 1858 \u2013 May 3, 1897), usually credited as Woolson Morse , was an American composer of musical theatre . Often working with librettist J. Cheever Goodwin , he produced several scores for Broadway productions in the 1890s. Woolson Morse was born February 24, 1856, in Charlestown, Boston , Massachusetts . His parents were Charles R. Morse (a relative of Samuel Morse ) of Vermont, and Mary Ann Judkins of Charlestown, Massachusetts. He attended secondary school at the Noble School and studied harmony at Boston Conservatory . He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , then went to Paris, France, to study art. After a few years he gave that up, returned to America and took up musical composition in earnest. For his first major work, Cinderella at School , Morse borrowed scenery and convinced a group of amateurs to produce the show at Springfield, Massachusetts . Cinderella at School was produced March 5, 1881. The son of Augustin Daly related how his father became producer of the show:Mr. Woolson Morse came to Daly with the manuscript of a musical play suggested by Thomas William Robertson 's School which, in turn, had been taken from the German. Morse was without musical education, but carried in his head a number of pretty tunes. Mollenhauer, the leader of the orchestra, put the composer's idea into form and did the harmonizing and orchestrating. In the 1880s, Morse and another Bostonian, J. Cheever Goodwin , were small part actors in various benefits for notables at Boston theaters. Moving to New York in 1887, they began to write musicals together, with Goodwin writing the librettos, producing several on Broadway in the 1890s. Their first Broadway success was Wang in 1891. According to The New York Times , \"Trained in musical composition in Germany, he was one of the first wholly capable American comic-opera composers. Morse's talent so impressed W. S. Gilbert that he asked the American composer to become his collaborator after the split between Gilbert and Sullivan . Morse refused, however, and continued to compose pieces for New York production... with the aid of harmonium , at which he always wrote his music\". On September 20, 1893, Morse married actress Agnes Cecilia Riley , born about 1874 in Rhode Island, daughter of Patrick Riley and Mary Ann Agnes Cunningham. She had been the youngest cast member of Wang that reopened on May 4, 1891. They shared a home at 30 West 24th Street, in Manhattan, New York.Having suffered from stomach hemorrhages for the previous six years, Morse died on May 3, 1897, at his home in New York City. His death certificate listed the cause of death as gastric hemorrhage and cirrhoses of the liver. He is buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. His widow retired from the stage after an appearance in a 1904 revival of Wang . She married a surgeon, Edward Stockbridge Gushee, in 1907, and died on February 14, 1960.Media related to Woolson Morse at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_660"]] [20661, "Karen Mullan MLA (born 18 August 1976) is a Sinn F\u00e9in politician from Derry , Northern Ireland who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Foyle constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly from June 2017 to 2021. Mullan served as a community worker in Derry prior to her co-option by Sinn F\u00e9in. She was co-opted after Foyle MLA Elisha McCallion was elected to the House of Commons following the 2017 general election. Mullan was Sinn F\u00e9in's northern education spokesperson in the assembly. She is a graduate of Ulster University with a degree in community development, and is a former manager of Hillcrest Trust, a community centre in the Waterside area of Derry. She played a key role in setting up a charity, Pink Ladies Cancer Support Group, which lobbied for the delivery of the North-West Cancer Centre at Altnagelvin Hospital in Derry. She left the assembly with Martina Anderson on 13 September 2021 being replaced by P\u00e1draig Delargy and Ciara Ferguson . Mullan is also a director of Waterside Neighbourhood Partnership, which is a community group based in Derry. The organisation was found guilty in 2017 of having unlawfully discriminated against a job applicant based on political opinion. The organisation was ordered to pay \u00a311,000 to the applicant, who was the highest-scoring candidate in the interviews. Giving evidence at the tribunal, Mullan revealed during cross-examination that an interview panellist informed her that they \"had been bullied\" into giving a better score. The tribunal said Mullan's evidence \"lacked credibility\". ", ["2_661"]] [20662, "Brekken or Brekkebygd ( Southern Sami : Prahke ) is a mountain village in the R\u00f8ros municipality in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway . The village is located at the eastern end of the lake Aursunden , just about 11 kilometres (6.8\u00a0mi) west of the border with Sweden and about 30 kilometres (19\u00a0mi) northeast of the town of R\u00f8ros . The village has a school, shop, gas station , post office , bank , sports fields, and Brekken Church . The small Brekken airport opened in August 2009. The mountains around Brekken are easily accessible and offer various hiking opportunities in summer and winter. With all the nearby lakes and rivers, the area abounds in good fishing . The area contains several sites of interest to botanists , geologists and ornithologists . The village was settled in the mid-1600s when the mining industry began in the R\u00f8ros area. The village was the administrative centre of the municipality of Brekken from 1926 until its dissolution in 1964.Brekken Idrettslag is the local multi-sports club. It has sections for football and Nordic skiing . The club was founded in 1933, mostly as a skiing club. Football was added in 1946 and handball in the 1960s; the latter later became defunct. Other former sports include gymnastics and motor sports . The men's football team had stints in the Third Division from 1994 to 1997 , and later in a single season, 2000 .This Tr\u00f8ndelag location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_662"]] [20663, "Garry St. Jean (born February 10, 1950) is an American former professional basketball coach and executive. St. Jean was head coach of the Sacramento Kings from 1992 through 1997. He later became the general manager of the Golden State Warriors , and in 1999\u20132000 he doubled as a head coach after P. J. Carlesimo was fired. St. Jean was a pro scout for the New Jersey Nets in the 2010\u201311 season. He has been an in-studio analyst for Golden State Warriors coverage on NBC Sports Bay Area since the start of the 2011\u20132012 season. His son Greg St. Jean was hired as a player development coach with the Los Angeles Lakers for the 2019\u201320 season. # denotes interim head coach# denotes interim head coach", ["2_663"]] [20664, "Robert Joseph Greene (born January 11, 1973) is a Canadian author of gay romance fiction, best known for The Gay Icon Classics of the World , a collection of gay-themed love stories from over 12 different countries. Each story represents a culture and a people. The book was listed by PFLAG Canada as a recommended book in their \"Books Worth Reading\" section. One of the short stories in the Gay Icon Classics collection is \"Halo's Golden Circle\", a tragic love story set in ancient Judea. Author and Jewish scholar Steven Greenberg remarked that it was a \"beautiful story\". Greene is cousin to American Jazz vocalist Carmen McRae . Letters From Camp Rehoboth published an excerpt from \"The Journey and the Jewels\" in 2006. The Watermark , a weekly LGBT publication in Florida, gave kudos in their story which honored the writer.Following the release of The Gay Icon Classics of the World II in 2012, a group of Russian students translated \"The Blue Door\", a story from the collection about a young Russian prince who comes out as gay, and used it as a protest against the \"homosexual propaganda\" laws enacted in Saint Petersburg . In 2013, Greene publicly stated that he had received death threats from readers in Russia over the story. In June 2013, publishing group Weltbild, which was owned 100% by the Catholic Diocese of Germany, removed Greene's books from their stores. The reason given by Weltbild was that Greene's books did not conform to the company's \"traditional values\". The decision was criticized because the publisher at the same time kept more erotic heterosexual books in its inventory. Greene's This High School Has Closets was a longlisted nominee for the Lambda Literary Awards in the 2012 young adult novels category.In January 2014, Greene embarked on a lobbying campaign among ornithologists to get Merriam-Websters Dictionary to have a \"Jabber of Jays\" as an official term under bird groups. In April 2015, Greene was a finalist for the 2015 Vancouver Pride Legacy Turquoise Award for the Arts. In February 2008, Greene filed a complaint with the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC) against CKYE-FM and the Harjinder Thind Radio Show that aired on January 31, 2008. The complaint cited bias against the LGBT community. Greene also stated that the radio show allowed callers to make inaccurate statements against the LGBT Community and did not allow or invite any discussion for an opposing view. After a formal investigation, on October 23, 2008, the CBSC issued their decision and sided with Greene and found CKYE-FM and the Harjinder Thind Show in violation of the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Association of Broadcasters Code of Ethics, Clause 7. CKYE-FM and the Harjinder Thind Show were required to air the decision and correction both in Punjabi and English. In 2012, Greene's publisher found that librarians would not review This High School Has Closets because they might provoke negative reactions from the public. This prompted the Canadian Library Association to reiterate their policy towards LGBT inclusiveness that would apply to \"freedom of expression\". ", ["2_664"]] [20665, "The Yamhill River lock and dam was completed in 1900. It was built near Lafayette, Oregon , to allow better river transport on the Yamhill River from Dayton , to McMinnville, Oregon . While the Corps of Engineers had recommended against construction of the lock, it was built anyway, largely as a result of political effort by the backers of the project. For almost forty years prior to the lock construction there had been efforts made to construct a lock and dam on the Yamhill River. The lock was a single-lift chamber 210 feet (64\u00a0m) long and 40 feet (12\u00a0m) wide, located on the west side of the river. The dam extended from the east bank of the river to the eastern lock wall, and when the lock gates were shut, acted to back up the Yamhill river and raise the water level sufficiently to allow ready steamboat navigation to McMinnville during the summer dry season. During the winter, the lock and dam were more of an obstruction than a navigational aid, as they were frequently overtopped by freshets and floods , sometimes as high as or higher than twenty feet above the lock walls.The lock ceased to be used in any significant way soon after it was built. There was an upsurge in use of the river during the 1930s and 1940s primary for transport of logs. The lock continued in operation until the 1950s, when the U.S. government concluded that the little amount of traffic on the river no longer justified the expense.The lock and dam were then turned over to Yamhill County . The county lacked the funds to maintain or restore the lock, and the dam, having been viewed as a barrier to spawning salmon , was eventually destroyed with use of explosives. The lock walls remain to this day. The lock keeper's residence, built at the same time, and now in private hands, also remains. A county park is nearby from which the lock structure can be viewed. Some other remains of the work, such as pilings, are also visible at low water.While not particularly remarkable as an engineering project, the lock was one of only three lock and dam projects commenced in Oregon and indeed in all of the Pacific Coast states by the United States government during the 19th century. The lock and dam are also representative of the results of local pressure for expenditure of funds from the national government for works of a local nature. A substantial portion of the project remains visible to this day, and has been said to be \"one of the last tangible remnants in the Upper Willamette Valley of a time when river navigation played an important role in transporting freight and passengers.\" The lock is sometimes referred to as the Lafayette Lock . The Lafayette Locks Park, maintained by Yamhill County, Oregon now occupies the site of the old lock and dam. The lock was (and is) located about one mile downriver from the town of Lafayette and about five miles upriver from the confluence of the Yamhill and the Willamette Rivers . The fall of the Yamhill river between McMinnville and the lock was 13 feet (4.0\u00a0m). The river in its natural state had a stretch of rapids running from Lafayette, which was originally called Yamhill Falls, downriver to the lock site, over which the river fell nine feet. The source of the Yamhill River was the Coast Range in Oregon. The river flows to the east about 45 miles (72\u00a0km), to a point about 40 miles (64\u00a0km) upriver from Portland, Oregon , where it joins the Willamette River. Light-draft steamboats routinely ran to Dayton , about five miles above the river's mouth. The town of Lafayette was about 8 miles (13\u00a0km) up from the river mouth. At Lafayette there was a stretch of rapids over which the river fell 8.8 feet (2.7\u00a0m) in 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km). From the foot of the rapids to the mouth of the river the fall was just 1 foot (0.30\u00a0m). High water in the Yamhill River, or a rise of 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) in the Willamette River would submerge the rapids. From Lafayette the river ran about 9 miles (14\u00a0km) to McMinnville , the seat of Yamhill County , a prosperous agricultural region. This stretch of the river was from 40 to 100 feet (12 to 30\u00a0m) wide, and obstructed with snags and overhanging trees. The snags were particularly bad for a stretch running from McMinnville 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) down river. If the snags and overhanging trees were removed, steamboats drawing 2.5 to 3.0 feet (0.76 to 0.91\u00a0m) of water could proceed to McMinnville. The season in which boats could pass over the rapids was limited to about five months a year. In December 1892 there had been no preparation at all for use of the river to ship products by water. No roads led to the river, and there were no storehouses on the banks. There seemed to be very little interest taken in the recent clearance of the river. One steamer regularly ran the whole year between Portland and Dayton, and made a good business. This steamer could have extended its route to McMinnville if there had been sufficient business on the river to make it worthwhile. In 1892, a rail line crossed the Yamhill river at McMinnville and at LaFayette, which were only 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) apart by wagon road. Lafayette and Dayton were only 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) apart by road, and all of the country was flat. In 1910, the Yamhill river was described as \"a limpid stream of shallows and deeps in Summer, a brawling torrent in Winter.\" In 1874, the Yamhill was examined by the engineering department of the U.S. army, which found that the river would vary from a shallow chain of pools in the summer to a \"river of great power and strength\" whose waterlines along the banks showed a rise, sometimes, of over 60 feet (18\u00a0m) during winter and spring floods. Prior to the construction of the lock, small steamers were able to run to McMinnville. The very early steamers Enterprise (115\u00a0ft. )and Hoosier (50\u00a0ft; 5 tons ) operated up river from the place, known then as Martin's Landing, that was later selected to build the dam. The steamer Elk , 60 short tons (54\u00a0t), owned by Christopher E. Switzer, also ran on the Yamhill in the late 1850s but after a single season proved to be too large for the route. In 1867, the People's Transportation Company advertised freight service to McMinnville at a rate of $7.00 per ton. In 1871, the Willamette Transportation Company advertised steamer service to McMinnville at the rate of $3.00 per ton from Portland. In March 1895, the steamer Toledo (128\u00a0ft; 226 tons ) made regular trips to McMinnville. Toledo appears to have been the first steamer to reach McMinnville in 14 years. In November 1896, the steamer Gypsy (101\u00a0ft.; 213 tons ) was placed temporarily on the Portland-McMinnville route. Starting even before Oregon became a state, there were five local efforts to build a lock or locks on the Yamhill river. In 1858, the Oregon Argus urged Yamhill County to construct a lock at the mouth of the Yamhill River to allow year-round navigation on the river. The State Rights Democrat , then a partisan newspaper, blamed the failure to construct the locks on Republican domination of politics in Yamhill County . On January 17, 1859, before Oregon was formally admitted to statehood, Christopher E. Switzer, owner of the steamer Elk filed an act with the territorial government to incorporate the Yamhill Water-Lock and Dam Company, which, with capital stock at the stated value of $50,000, proposed to build a lock at the mouth of the Yamhill sufficient to accommodate a vessel 60 short tons (54\u00a0t) in size, which was the same tonnage as the Elk . On December 27, 1869, the Yamhill Locks and Transportation Company was incorporated. The company's capital stock was stated to be $75,000. With its main office in McMinnville, the company's purpose, as stated in its articles of incorporation, was to build locks at the mouth of the Yamhill and at the rapids at Lafayette. A dam was built at the mouth of the Yamhill, but this was washed out by a flood in November, 1871. Other concerns were incorporated for lock construction, including the Yamhill Lock and Transportation Company, formed by a group of Lafayette businessmen on February 17, 1872. In October 1874, articles of incorporation were filed by five persons for the Yamhill River Improvement Company, which, with capital stock of $50,000 divided into shares of $50 each, had the purpose of improving navigation in the Yamhill river, by locks, dams, flumes, cuts and dredging, and also to run steamboats and build warehouses and wharfs. In October 1876 the Yamhill Locks and Manufacturing Company was incorporated. None of these companies were able to build, or apparently even start to build, a lock on the river. The Oregon state legislature passed a law in 1876 which created a \"franchise\" to provide for the construction of locks on the Yamhill river at Lafayette. Under the terms of the franchise, the state reserved the right to purchase the improvement at any time. A provision of the Rivers and Harbors Act , passed on July 13, 1892, required the Corps of Engineers to prepare a preliminary examination of the possibility of developing slackwater navigation from the mouth of the Yamhill River to McMinnville, by building a lock and dam at Lafayette. The same rivers and harbors act permitted $3,000 in funds to be expended to remove the snags, overhanging trees and other obstructions on the Yamhill river between Lafayette and McMinnville. With this money, these obstructions were cleared in October and November 1892. In early December 1892, Maj. Thomas H. Handbury (1841-1915) of the Corps of Engineers went along the route in a skiff and found it in \"very good boating\" condition, with the river about 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) above the low water level. At this water level, Handbury reported \"the falls and rapids at Lafayette were entirely obliterated.\" Given the apparently adequate road, rail, and riverine transport situation, Major Handbury, who prepared the 1892 report, concluded that construction of a lock and dam at Lafayette was not important enough to the federal government for it to be funded and built. Handbury's superiors in the chain of command at the War Department concurred with him, and passed their recommendations against the project on to Congress. On May 13, 1896, the Rivers and Harbors bill passed in the U.S. Senate. It authorized expenditure of $200,000 for navigation improvements to the Willamette River and construction of the lock on the Yamhill River . Only $40,000 was actually appropriated by the legislation. Congressman Thomas H. Tongue was involved in securing the financing for the project. The War Department had determined not to build the lock on the Yamhill. U.S. Representative Binger Hermann was a strong proponent of the project, claiming that increased navigation on the Yamhill would pay for the entire project within one year of its completion. Other political pressure was applied in favor of construction of the lock and dam. The lock project was also favored by Harvey W. Scott , editor of the largest newspaper in the state, the Morning Oregonian . On November 12, 1897, the Daily Capital Journal , of Salem, Oregon , reported having received a telegram from U.S. Senator George W. McBride that the lock would be built as designed by the engineering department and that the necessary appropriations would be expended by act of Congress. Also in November 1897, Brigadier General John M. Wilson informed by letter the Yamhill County commissioners that Congress had appropriated $160,000 in addition to the previous $40,000, thus providing enough money to construct the lock and dam. On January 3, 1898, Capt. W.L. Fisk, U.S. Engineers posted a notice soliciting sealed proposals for construction of a dam and other works on the Yamhill river. Proposals would be accepted at the U.S. Engineer office in Portland, Oregon until noon, February 10, 1898. On February 11, 1898 there were six bids, of which the lowest, $59,918 was from the Astoria partnership of Simon Normile, John Anton Fastabend (c1860-1942), and William F. McGregor. The contract was award to the Normile concern and entered into on March 11, 1898. The contract required the project to be finished by December 31, 1898. The site for the project had not yet been purchased by the government, and the contract stated that no work was to be done until the government notified the contractor of the acquisition, after which construction was to begin within 10 days. Certain portions of the project, including the lock keeper's dwelling, woodsheds, walks and fences, were to be completed within 60 days after the contractor's receiving the notification. The Normile firm expected to begin the work about two weeks after receiving the award. Most of the construction would be of concrete, mixed from stone taken from within 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) of the project. Construction materials consisting of 500,000 board feet of lumber and about 60,000 pounds (27,000\u00a0kg) of iron would be shipped from Astoria. Columbia Iron Works, apparently a subcontractor, received the contract for the iron work for the project. On April 8, 1898, the government purchased the land for the project from its owners, O.N. and Gertrude J. Denny, for $275. On June 14, 1898, the contractors were given the notification to proceed. Some work on the keeper's dwelling had already begun, on May 12, 1898. The location had originally been known as Martin's Landing. Other work had already begun, including the assembly of materials and the employment of labor. On the evening of April 20, 1898, the contractors arrived in Lafayette and began arrangements to start work. A labor force would start right away to build a boarding house and a scow. The project site was covered with heavy tree growth, and would need to be cleared off. After this, the rock and timber would be delivered to the work site. This preliminary work was expected to take two to three weeks. The outbreak of Spanish-American War on April 21, 1898 caused an increase in the price of labor and materials. The deadline for completion was extended twice, first to November 1, 1899, and second, because of what the Corps of Engineers described as \"failure of the contractors to complete the work\", to October 1, 1900. As of June 20, 1898, fifty men and teams were working, and the contractor expected the project to be complete before high water in the fall. On July 21, 1898 only twenty men were at work, with one hundred to be employed as soon as the preparation work was complete. By this time the contractor was hoping, rather than expecting, to finish by the fall rains. On Tuesday, August 9, 1898, the concrete contractor, John Crawford, said that the work would be pushed henceforward and that a 40- horsepower boiler and steam engine were to be in place to operate the concrete mixer and other equipment. Two work gangs would be placed on the project, one by day and one by night. Part of the plan was to install an electric light plant if one could be found at a reasonable cost. Crawford said it would take about 60 days to finish the work. As of November 18, 1898, work on the inshore concrete wall was complete, and work on the outer wall had begun. The work was moving as fast as possible so as to finish before severe winter weather arrived. Work on the locks was suspended on November 30, 1898 because of high water on the river. On Tuesday, October 3, 1899, the gates on the lock were installed and properly adjusted, the valves in place, and the miter sills (under the lock gates) fitted and finishing touches placed on the lock. Pilings had been driven on the shore end of the permanent dam, as well as for the revetment to protect the riverbank from erosion above and below the dam. The river was routed through the lock so that work on the permanent dam could be completed. On October 6, 1899, it was reported that the cofferdam at the site had washed out a second time, possibly delaying completion of the project. Steamers were running on the river during construction. On November 13, 1899, the steamer Gypsy passed the lock at noon, then, returning after dark, at 6:13 p.m, struck the lock and dam broadside, damaging the works. Lock completion had been intended for 1899, but five freshets on the Yamhill river prevented this. The Yamhill river stayed high later than usual, and when the fall rains came, the cofferdam was washed away, so work had to be suspended until lower water and better weather arrived in 1900. In February 1900, the contractors, McGregor & Normile, had sued Portland resident George Taylor, for breach of contract in supplying cement, claiming damages of $1,537.50. The allegations of the complaint were that in March 1898, Taylor contracted with McGregor & Normile to deliver to them about 7400 barrels of Jossen cement for use on the lock and dam project at a price of $2.50 per barrel. Jossen cement was a type of Portland cement manufactured in Belgium . McGregor & Normile claimed Taylor had delivered 2000 barrels, and promised them that more barrels were en route from Europe on the ocean-going steamer City of Athens . Although 6,000 barrels were shipped to Taylon on City of Athens, Taylor delivered only 1,540 barrels to McGregor & Normile, and sold the rest of the barrels to other parties. As a result, McGregor & Nichols had to buy 2,460 barrels of cement at the increased price of $3.12.5 per barrel. They sought to recover the difference, 75 cents per barrel, from the Taylor. The case was tried to a jury in Multnomah County before Judge McBride. A verdict was expected to be reached on February 21, 1900. At 5:30 p.m on February 21, 1900, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs, McGregor & Normile, and awarded damages of $912.50. As of July 1, 1900, the lock walls, gates, valves and other equipment were complete; the timber revetments and the grading of the banks on the west side of the river were three-quarters complete, and the piling of the main dam (then still under construction) was one-third complete. Work had not yet started on the crib section of the main dam, and the revetments, embankments, and bank protection on the east side. On August 1, 1900, cofferdams were completed above and below the main dam crib section, and the river's entire flow was channeled through the lock chamber. After that work commenced on the soapstone foundation for the dam. The entire dam was completed on September 1, 1900. On September 15, 1900, the lock chamber was closed, and the river began to back up behind the dam. Four days later, on September 19, the water began spilling over the dam. On September 21, 1900, the lock was working perfectly, filling in six and one-half minutes and emptying in three and one-half. The total cost of construction was $72,164.83. That day Capt. Wm C. Langfitt inspected and informally opened the lock for operations. At 1:00\u00a0p.m., the government's steam launch, with Captain Langfitt at the wheel, entered the lock, with assistant engineer David B. Ogden, Mrs. Ogden, and a reporter from the Oregonian on board. Ten minutes later, the launch had been raised to the upper river level and departed towards McMinnville, which due to the river's winding course, was 10 miles (16\u00a0km) away, twice as far as overland. The launch reached McMinnville a few minutes before the train bound for Portland. After an exchange of greetings with McMinnville's prominent citizens who had come to witness the arrival of the launch, Captain Langfitt and the reporter took the train back to Portland. Assistant Engineer D.B. Ogden returned downstream to the lock, to prepare it for the official handing over to the government from the contractors, which was to occur on October 1, 1900. All the work during fiscal year 1901 was supervised by engineer Ogden. All the work under the contract was deemed complete on September 22, 1900, and the government formally accepted the works, which were formally opened to navigation two days later, on September 24. The Morning Oregonian praised the completion of the work, saying that \"from this time forward 'boats will run the year round between Portland and McMinnville', with plenty of water to insure quick and safe transit of freight.\" The overall length of the lock was 275 feet (84\u00a0m), and the distance between the gates was 210 feet (64\u00a0m). The lock was 40 feet (12\u00a0m) wide. There was 4 feet (1.2\u00a0m) depth of water over the lock sills , so that any boat that could pass the Willamette Falls Locks could also transit the new lock on the Yamhill. The land wall was 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) thick at its base, and 8 feet (2.4\u00a0m) thick at the top. The river wall was 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) thick from top to bottom. The lower lock gates were 25 by 25 feet (7.6 by 7.6\u00a0m), and each weighed 15 short tons (14\u00a0t). The upper gates measured 9 by 25 feet (2.7 by 7.6\u00a0m), and weighed 9 short tons (8.2\u00a0t) each. There were no valves in the upper gates. The lock chamber was filled by culverts in the lock walls measuring 3 by 6 feet (0.91 by 1.83\u00a0m). The culverts were opened and closed by vertical butterfly valves . The lower gages had horizontal butterfly valves 2 by 4 feet (0.61 by 1.22\u00a0m) in size which were used for emptying the lock chamber. The lock floor and the lock walls rested on a poured concrete foundation four feet thick, with the lock walls rising 26 feet (7.9\u00a0m) above it. The lock floor was also 4 feet (1.2\u00a0m) thick. The sub foundation consisted of a timber grillage placed on 700 round piles, driven 30 to 50 feet (9.1 to 15.2\u00a0m) feet deep. 8000 cubic yards of concrete were used for the lock and foundation. The lock had a lift of 16 feet (4.9\u00a0m). The dam impounding the Yamhill River was 125 feet (38\u00a0m) long and 30 feet (9.1\u00a0m) wide at its base. The dam rose in steps, and was constructed from 100,000 board feet of timber and 1400 cubic yards of rock. The lock keeper's office was on the west side of the river on a hill above the river's high water mark. The highest water level recorded on the Yamhill River within the three years before the lock completion was 34.5 feet (10.5\u00a0m), which would have risen 13.5 feet (4.1\u00a0m) over the lock walls. The lock keeper's residence was on the east side of the river, also located above the high water mark. A collapsible iron bridge allowed crossing the lock at any ordinary water level in the river. There were ten freshets on the Yamhill river from November 1900 to April 1901. The river banks next to the lock and dam turned out to be much less stable then had been planned for, and the river conditions much worse than anticipated. After a December freshet, a 40 feet (12\u00a0m) long portion of a riprap protected section fell into the river, and the dam was being threatened with undermining by scour . This was counteracted by depositing 150 square yards (130\u00a0m 2 ) of rock in front of the dam and at the foot of the slope. The third freshet in December 1900 overtopped the lock walls by 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) and scoured out a channel that was about 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) wide and 9 feet (2.7\u00a0m) deep running all along the land side of the west lock wall. This section had been finished too late in the season to be protected with turf. From January 12 to 19, 1901, the highest rise in the Yamhill River since 1894 occurred, with the water fully 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) over the lock walls. Had the water come solely down the Yamhill, there would have been a \"disastrous scour\" accompanying the river's rise and fall, but because the Willamette River also was flooding, the current in the Yamhill was slowed down. Additional damage was caused by a freshet in February which carried water 11 feet (3.4\u00a0m) over the lock falls, and other freshets in March and April which overtopped the lock walls, but not as high as the one in February. During the low water season of 1901, the Corps of Engineers proposed to spend $26,160 to extend the concrete wing wall at the head of the lock, regrade slopes, replace and extend riprap protection, and increase the stone filling at the base of the dam. In early July 1901, the Corps of Engineers, with D.B. Ogden in charge, had 50 men at work sloping and laying stone on the banks above the lock to protect them from erosion during floods, as had recently occurred. The work was finished by November 1901. About 50,000 square feet (4,600\u00a0m 2 ) of the slopes had been paved and rip-rapped with rock, and the dam had been extended 25 feet (7.6\u00a0m) on further on to the east back of river. The slopes above the rip-rap had been lessened and seeded with grass. This was thought to be sufficient to withstand future floods. Construction work went on while boats were transiting the locks. On December 6, 1901, the work on the locks was reported to be finally complete and ready to withstand winter weather. On September 24, 1900, the steamer Bonita (later renamed Metlako ), became the first steamboat to transit the lock. From the formal opening to navigation on September 24, 1900 to the end of the fiscal year, on June 30, 1901, the lock was in operation for 202 days and closed, because of high water, for 78 days. There were 225 lockages. Total operating time was 67 hours and 32 minutes. Total registered tons transiting the locks was 38,967. The total freight carried was 1,742 tons. Total passengers carried were 2,010. In November 1901, steamboats were reported to be running regularly between Portland and McMinnville, running upriver one day and down the next, loaded to capacity with grain. One steamboat making the run, in November 1901, was the Altona , which then ran three times weekly from Portland to McMinnville. On January 6, 1902, the Oregon City Transportation Company, also known as the \"Yellow Stack Line\" advertised regular service, on the steamer Altona from Portland to McMinnville. Altona was scheduled to depart from Portland to McMinnville at 7:00\u00a0a.m. every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from the company's dock at the foot of Taylor Street in Portland. On January 8, 1902, the water in the Yamhill River had risen too high to permit navigation. The sternwheel steamer Altona which had just resumed the run from Portland to McMinnville after a hiatus of about three weeks, was forced to proceed no further than Dayton on the Yamhill River. The previous suspension of service by Altona had been due to lack of business. With no steamer service, the merchants of Dayton and McMinnville began considering building their own steamer. Captain Graham, of the Oregon City Transportation Company, the owner of Altona , conferred with the merchants and explained his position. The merchants agreed that they would provide sufficient business and Captain Graham agreed to keep Altona on the McMinnville run. During fiscal year 1902, there were 246 lockages transiting 48,240 registered tonnage of vessels, carrying 3,455 tons of freight, including 571 tons of sand and gravel shipped in to repair the locks. The railroads lowered their rates to compete, and kept most of the shipping business. In 1902, despite the agreement of the merchants to patronize the steamers, the Oregon City Transportation Company withdrew their steamers permanently from service above Dayton. This was said by the company to have been because the difficulties in predicting when the lock would be open during the winter months made it impossible to build up business. Although efforts were made later to establish steamboat service to McMinnville, this withdrawal by the Oregon City Transportation Company marked the end of regular commercial steamboat use of the lock, even though it was to help establish that service that the lock had been built and completed just two years before. We call the attention of business men and citizens of McMlnnvllle, that the editor of the Herald, at tho time the damn, damned (we do not use this in a profane way. but in Its true meaning) Yamhill locks were constructed, advocated the construction of an electric line from that city to Dayton, and predicted that the locks would give no relief In traffic to the people of McMlnnvllle. Which has proved correct. Not that the government engineers under whose supervision the locks were constructed did not do good work; we heard those say, who ought to know, that the work was first class. Now, gentlemen, while you are waiting for that boat to run up to your city, and the S. P. Co. to build that extension from LaFayette to our city, \"got In' with your sleeves rolled up. and assist In building an electric line from your city to Newberg, via LaFayette and Dayton to Salem. It will pay.\u2014 The Daily Journal Salem, Oregon June 25, 1903 In late May 1903, the government had several men and teams working that the locks, performing grading, sowing grass seed and performing other improvements. By this time, the lack of use of the lock had become apparent. Noting this, the editor of the Hillsboro Independent added the comment: \"But you wanted the locks, did you not?\" In June 1903, the Hillsboro Independent reported talk of closing the locks at Lafayette because there was not enough river traffic. Again, the Hillsboro Independent commented sarcastically: \"The improvement seems not to have revolutionized the transportation of freight out of Yamhill county.\" In the same month, another newspaper, the Dally Journal , from Salem, was critical of the decision to build the locks and their apparently uselessness. In June 1903, a raft of ash logs about 900 feet long transited the Yamhill locks bound for a saw mill at New Era . According to steamboat men, possibly only a single steamer had passed through the locks to that point in 1903. Commenting, the Oregon City Courier said the locks were \"useless to navigation, and according to these same steamboat men, at high water the locks are flooded and an obstruction. There is practically no navigation of the Yamhill river above Dayton. The $93,000 spend by Uncle Sam \u2014 to keep republican votes in line it seems \u2014 was worse than wasted. The railroad is preferred to the tortuous Yamhill.\" In October, 1910, the Morning Oregonian , once a proponent of the project, criticized the lock and dam for not having brought navigability to the Yamhill river. In 1905, a bill was introduced in the Congress by Sen. Charles W. Fulton , to pay the general contractors (Simon Normile, John F. Fastabend, and William F. McGregor) $30,000, reportedly for \"losses sustained by the delay of the government in securing title to a site for the Yamhill locks.\" On January 5, 1905 the senate referred the matter to the Court of Claims . The claim involved more than delay, as the chief issue was whether the United States should have to pay, under the terms of the contract, for extra work associated with the construction of temporary diversion works through the lock chamber while the adjacent dam was under construction. The contractors won in the Court of Claims, but the government appealed to the United States States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. , reversed the court of claims, ruling for the government, and finding that the extra cost and expense was chargeable to the contractor, as the government had only directed the general result of what was to be attained by the contract and leaving the details up to the contractors as to how to perform the work. After 1902, the official reports of the Corps of Engineers consistently emphasized that no commercial steamers were regularly using the lock. The lock had been \"practically abandoned\" by sternwheelers after 1902. From 1902 to 1914 the locks were used mostly by passengers in launches and by boats towing rafts. The serious flaw with the lock and dam was that the lock had to be closed at high water, because the river simply flowed over the lock walls, making the lock chamber unusable. On the Willamette River, high water, usually coming in the fall and spring, was traditionally the best steamboat time, with late summer and early fall the worst, with water levels down. On the Yamhill above Lafayette, the dam created the reverse situation. The original design of the lock had assumed that steamers could simply float over the dam when the water level rose to 5 feet above the dam. In practice this proved impossible because until the water rose to 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) above the dam, the drop between the upper and lower pools was too great to permit safe passage of a steamer. In 1903, several proposals were made to address the issue, but they were rejected as being impractical, too expensive, or both. On December 31, 1902, heavy rains caused the Yamhill River to rise very fast, and by that date the water was 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) over the lock walls. In late January 1903, the Willamette River flooded, backing water up to the locks, where the water measured 42 feet (13\u00a0m) above zero on the", ["2_665"]] [20666, "The Ruth and Robert Hatch Jr. House is a historic house at 309 Bound Brook Way in Wellfleet, Massachusetts . It is one of a modest number of surviving houses in Wellfleet that combine elements of Modern architecture with traditional Cape Cod architecture . This single story wood-frame house was built in 1961 on Bound Brook Island to a design by local architect Jack Hall . The house was built for Robert Hatch, editor of The Nation , and Ruth Hatch, a painter. Their family remained living there until 2008. Extremely rustic in appearance, its exterior is sheathed in vertical boards and its windows have working shutters but no glass, resulting in a sharply vertical appearance. The structure consists of three rectangular sections of different sizes that are based on modular 7' by 7' squares; the main public living space is 35' by 49', the master bedroom is 7' by 21', and the guest bedrooms are in a block that is 7' by 14' (enlarged from the original 7' by 7' in 1978). The house, which is within the bounds of the Cape Cod National Seashore , was sold by the Hatches to the National Park Service , but they retain occupancy rights. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. This article is about a historic property or district in Barnstable County , Massachusetts , that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_666"]] [20668, "Kamerni teatar 55 ( English : Chamber Theater 55 ) is a theater in Sarajevo , established in 1955. It is registered as public institution under the Ministry of Culture and Sport of Canton Sarajevo . On average, around 13,000 people view performances throughout the year, and the capacity of the theater is 160 seats. Zlatko Top\u010di\u0107 managed this theater from 2001 to 2011. [ citation needed ]This European theatre-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Bosnia and Herzegovina -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_668"]] [20669, "The American Shetland Pony is an American breed of pony . It derives from the \ntraditional Shetland Pony from the Shetland Isles of Scotland , but as a result of cross-breeding with other horse and pony breeds, is taller and more elegant. :\u200a435 It does not have the thick coat of the traditional Shetland, and in conformation is more similar to the Hackney Pony , with some Arab influence. :\u200a243 It is the most numerous pony breed in the United States; numbers in 1994 were estimated at over 50,000. It is one of two American pony breeds derived from the traditional Shetland, the other being the Pony of the Americas . :\u200a243 The first documented importation of Shetland Ponies to the United States was in 1885, when Eli Elliot imported seventy-five of them. A breed association , the American Shetland Pony Club, was formed in 1888. :\u200a243 The original stock was crossbred with various other breeds, principally the Hackney Pony . Arabian , Harness Show Pony and Welsh breeds were also used. The result was a taller and more elegant pony than the classic Shetland, with longer legs and finer bone, high withers and a sloping shoulder, and a high action particularly well-suited to harness work . :\u200a243 It does not have the thick coat of the traditional Shetland, but supposedly retains the hardiness and endurance of that breed; in conformation it is more similar to the Hackney Pony, also showing some Arab influence. :\u200a243It is the most numerous pony breed in the United States; numbers in 1994 were estimated at over 50,000. It is one of two American pony breeds derived from the traditional Shetland, the other being the Pony of the Americas . :\u200a243 It was the principal influence on another Shetland-derived breed, the German Classic Pony . :\u200a176American Shetland Ponies may be registered in the American Shetland Pony Club stud book, in one of four sections: foundation, classic, modern, and modern pleasure; they are distinguished by minor variations in conformation, the \"foundation\" type being the smallest and most similar to the American Shetland of the 1950s. In the past, American Shetlands were registered in section B of the stud book, and the traditional Shetland Pony in section A. :\u200a243The American Shetland Pony is well-suited to harness use. It may be used as a roadster to pull sulkies , or in fine harness pulling two-wheeled or four-wheeled carts. It may be ridden under either a Western or English saddle , and is also shown at Halter . :\u200a243", ["2_669"]] [20670, "On 14 July 2019, a Gippsland GA8 Airvan crashed on a river islet in Sweden, killing all nine people on board. Structural failure of a wing is suspected as the cause of the accident. Consequently, the Gippsland GA8 Airvan was grounded by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) in Australia, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAANZ)\u00a0in New Zealand and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in the European Union.\nThe grounding order was issued on 20 July and was due to run until 3 August, but was lifted early as CASA found there was no evidence for an unsafe condition, and the EASA said the wrecked aircraft had been exposed to aerodynamic loads beyond the limits specified in the type-certification basis . At 13:33 local time on 14 July 2019, the aircraft took off from Ume\u00e5 Airport with the pilot and eight parachutists on board. A radio report was made that aircraft was at an altitude of 4,000 metres (13,000\u00a0ft), and the parachutists were ready to jump, but the aircraft crashed shortly after 14:00 on Storsandsk\u00e4r, an islet in the Ume River adjacent to Ume\u00e5 Airport; all on board were killed. Witnesses reported that some of the parachutists tried to jump from the aircraft before it crashed. The Bothnia Line was consequently closed, but reopened at 18:30. The descent of the aircraft was filmed by a local inhabitant. The accident is the deadliest involving the GA8 Airvan. On 19 July, EASA issued an Emergency Airworthiness Directive prohibiting the operation of the Gippsland GA8 Airvan in European Union airspace, effective 20 July until further notice. CASA also prohibited operation of the aircraft in Australian airspace effective 20 July for 15 days, but with an option to extend the timescale. On 20 July, the CAANZ suspended the airworthiness certificates of all Gippsland GA8 Airvan aircraft operating in New Zealand. CASA and EASA lifted the grounding order on 25 July. The accident aircraft was a Gippsland GA8-TC320 Airvan , with the registration SE-MES, c/n GA8-TC 320-12-178. Manufactured in 2012, the aircraft had previously operated in Australia under the registration VH-EZS. The Swedish Accident Investigation Authority ( Statens haverikommission , SHK) opened an investigation into the accident. Investigators from the SHK arrived on Storsandsk\u00e4r on 15 July, and on 16 July it was announced that the wreckage would be moved to the SHK's headquarters for further investigation. One avenue of investigation is the structural failure of a wing in flight. A preliminary report was released on 18 September 2019. This report does not make any final conclusion but noted that the aircraft did dive very quickly and disintegrated in air.The final report was issued on 9 September, 2020. This report concluded that, approximately 30 seconds before the parachutists were due to jump, the aircraft stalled and subsequently entered cloud in a rapid and accelerating descent. Lack of pilot experience and loss of visual cues precluded a subsequent recovery to controlled flight. Excessive loads experienced during the uncontrolled descent led to the break-up of the aircraft.SHK calculated that the aircraft was probably overweight at takeoff with a centre of gravity (cg) aft of the permitted limit and noted that normal preparations for a parachuting run would have been expected to cause the cg to shift further aft at a time coincident with the stall. The resultant loss of longitudinal stability, combined with already low and decreasing airspeed at a time of high pilot workload probably led to the departure from controlled flight.The report observed that:Corresponding recommendations to the European Aviation Safety Agency and the Swedish Transport Agency were made.", ["2_670"]] [20671, "The Diocese of Zamo\u015b\u0107-Lubacz\u00f3w ( Latin : Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis ) is a suffragan Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the ecclesiastical province of Przemy\u015bl in Poland . Its cathedral episcopal see is Katedra Zmartwychwstania Pa\u0144skiego i \u015bw. Tomasza Aposto\u0142a, a World Heritage Site dedicated to Resurrection and the St. Thomas the Apostle , in the city of Zamo\u015b\u0107 , Lubelskie . It also hasAs per 2014, it pastorally served 462,586 Catholics (94.9% of 487,500 total) on 8,144\u00a0km\u00b2 in 185 parishes and 4 missions with 478 priests (451 diocesan, 27 religious), 173 lay religious (27 brothers, 146 sisters) and 45 seminarians.(all Roman rite )50\u00b042\u203259\u2033N 23\u00b015\u203201\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 50.716518\u00b0N 23.250406\u00b0E \ufeff / 50.716518; 23.250406This article about a Roman Catholic diocese in Europe is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_671"]] [20672, "The Holden Arboretum , in Kirtland , Ohio , is one of the largest arboreta and botanical gardens in the United States , with more than 3,600 acres (1,500\u00a0ha), including 600 acres (240\u00a0ha) devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make up the rest of the holdings. Holden's collections includes 9,400 different kinds of woody plants, representing 79 plant families. Specializing in the woody plants that can be grown in the climate of northern Ohio, Holden has a number of specimens obtained during wilderness collection trips, particularly to China and Korea near the 40th parallel, areas with a similar climate to Northeast Ohio. Many Trees like Dawn Redwoods are planted there. Holden is home to two National Natural Landmarks , accessed by guided hikes, and is a Midwest representative for The Center for Plant Conservation. Special gardens include the Myrtle S. Holden Wildflower Garden, the Helen S. Layer Rhododendron Garden, and the Arlene and Arthur Holden Jr. Butterfly Garden. The Holden Arboretum also features extensive Crabapple, Lilac, Viburnum and Conifer Collections.The arboretum is named for Albert Fairchild Holden , a mining engineer and executive, who had considered making Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum his beneficiary. However, his sister, Roberta Holden Bole, convinced him that Cleveland deserved its own arboretum. Thus Mr. Holden established an arboretum in memory of his deceased daughter, Elizabeth Davis Holden. When he died in 1913, at age 46, Mr. Holden left a trust agreement in which he provided that funds be designated for an arboretum. After a study of possible sites, Roberta Holden Bole and her husband, Benjamin P. Bole, donated 100 acres (40 ha) in Kirtland Township. In 1931, the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas approved establishment of The Holden Arboretum. In December 1988, 75 years after Albert Fairchild Holden's original bequest, the Holden Trust began to benefit the arboretum as he and so many others had envisioned. His permanent endowment, together with the gifts of other contributors and supporters, make possible the development of a truly first-class arboretum.The geographic area that Holden has property within comprises two counties, Lake and Geauga, and 5 townships and municipalities.Other major collections of scientific value but not easily accessible to the casual visitor include Maple , Hawthorn , nut-bearing, and specimen trees (a diverse planting of deciduous trees).The majority of land at The Holden Arboretum is maintained in a natural state. Even though it gives the appearance of being untouched, crucial management decisions are always being made to maintain the diversity and health of these areas.The goal of natural areas management is to maintain and ultimately increase species diversity of both flora and fauna. In order to preserve our native habitats, plant community surveys are conducted by Holden staff to inventory the composition of the existing flora. Wise management of unique areas such as Bole Woods, Pierson Creek Valley, Stebbins Gulch, and Little Mountain cannot begin until there is an understanding of the plant communities which comprise these areas. To limit damage, areas such as Stebbins Gulch and Little Mountain can only be accessed by visitors on guided tours.The Holden Arboretum hosts a research program dedicated to ecological research. In 2009, the department received a National Science Foundation grant to examine the role soil organisms play in acquiring limiting nutrients from the soil for forest trees. In 2013, the Holden's research department, in partnership with Kent State University, earned a National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates(REU) grant. The REU grant project is designed to train the next generation of research scientists and foster an interest in post-graduate education in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.The Holden Arboretum hosts a number of special events and exhibits on the grounds, designed to help people connect with and enjoy the outdoors. Annual events include a spring Arbor Day celebration with family activities; and Goblins in the Garden, a family friendly Halloween celebration. Special exhibits have included David Rodgers Big Bugs (2005); The Holden Express Garden Railroad , created by artist Paul Busse (2007); Gnome and Garden , featuring 20 5-foot-tall garden gnomes decorated by regional artists (2011) and Vanishing Acts: Trees Under Threat , a traveling exhibit created by the Morton Arboretum .Beginning in 2020, the Arboretum partnered with Tanisha Williams of Black Botanists Week to begin a lecture series called 'Uncovering the Black Botanical Legacy'. ", ["2_672"]] [20674, "Book of Love is an American synth-pop and electronic band, formed in 1983 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and later based in New York City. Led by vocalist Susan Ottaviano, the band also includes keyboardists Ted Ottaviano, Lauren Roselli and Jade Lee. The band gained its first exposure as the opening act for two Depeche Mode tours in 1985 and 1986. The group has been described by the Houston Press as \"forward thinking\" for lyrics dealing with sexual orientation and gender roles. Their biggest success came on the US dance charts, placing seven singles in the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart between 1985 and 1993. The group's largest exposure on pop radio was with the song \" Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls \", one of the first songs to openly address the AIDS epidemic. The song, from the album Lullaby , was originally the second half of a medley with the group's version of Mike Oldfield 's \" Tubular Bells ,\" the 1973 instrumental that served as the eerie theme music of the classic horror film The Exorcist . Edited down to single length, \"Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls\" became Book of Love's only Hot 100 entry, peaking at no. 90 in 1988. Book of Love's music has been featured in various films and television over the years. The band's song \" Modigliani (Lost in Your Eyes) \" was featured in the 1987 John Hughes film Planes, Trains & Automobiles as well as in the Miami Vice episode, \"God's Work\". In 1991, the song \" Sunny Day \" was featured in the movie The Silence of the Lambs , in a scene in which band member Lauren Roselli had a cameo with Jodie Foster . Also, the song \"Enchanted,\" from the band's Lovebubble album, appeared on the soundtrack to the 1993 film Naked in New York , and the song \"I Touch Roses,\" was featured in the 2000 movie \"American Psycho.\"Since their active years, Book of Love's songs \" Boy \" and \" I Touch Roses \" have been rediscovered by new audiences. Both their original versions and subsequent remixes are heard in both dance clubs and on alternative radio stations.In February, 2001\u2014sixteen years after its first dance chart entry\u2014Book of Love had its first #1 hit on the US dance chart when \"Boy,\" a track originally from its debut album , was remixed and re-released as the lead single from their greatest hits collection, I Touch Roses: The Best of Book of Love . In 2013, the band reunited for a string of club tour dates and has been working on new material. Ted Ottaviano became friends and started writing songs with Susan Ottaviano while attending high school together in Connecticut. Despite sharing the same last name, they are not related, though their family ancestries trace back to the same small southern Italian village. After high school, Susan Ottaviano moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to attend the Philadelphia College of Art . While at art college, Susan met Jade Lee and they formed a band named Head Cheese with friend Celeste Ries. In July 1981, Head Cheese recorded their first songs at the recording studio Third Story with producer David Javelosa. A 7\" record was released on Burn Potential Records including three songs, A-sides: \"Teenage Idol\" and \"Non-Melodic\", and B-side \"Jungle Jam\", which has been described as \"an offbeat love song to the city of Philly.\" Ted Ottaviano, a commuting member of Head Cheese, was one of the executive producers, co-wrote \"Non-Melodic\" with Susan, and also did photography for the record sleeve. While Susan Ottaviano was in Philadelphia at art college, Ted Ottaviano was attending the School of Visual Arts in New York City, where he met Lauren Roselli. For a time, the band was a long-distance creative project between Philadelphia and New York City. Book of Love was officially formed in May 1983. The band name Book of Love is taken from the song \" The Book of Love \" by The Monotones . Ted Ottaviano has stated, \"It's not that we had a love for that song at all, it's just the imagery worked for us. Especially at that time, when we started Book of Love early to mid-'80s, there was kind of a throwback to a lot of romanticism and we were really into that. We nicked the band name from that song, that's for sure.\" In 1983, Susan Ottaviano produced a local compilation album called I'd Rather Be in Philadelphia , which was issued on Burn Potential Records and featured several bands from the Philadelphia area, including Pretty Poison . Book of Love's contribution to the compilation was the song \"Henna\", becoming their first song released. Jade Lee designed the album's bright orange cover that included an overlay graphic of a Philadelphia street map. In 1984, after having completed art college, Susan Ottaviano and Jade Lee moved to New York City to unite with Ted Ottaviano and Lauren Roselli. The band members spent their evenings at Danceteria , CBGB , Pyramid Club , Mudd Club , and Hurrah . Lauren Roselli explained, \"New York City was a big playground, full of misfits like ourselves. There were lots of great clubs to go dancing and hear great music and meet other artists. That was our MySpace .\" Throughout art school until their time in New York City, the band had been heavily influenced by the late punk scene and new wave of the early 1980s. The band has cited various influences over the years, including girl groups of the 1950s and 1960s, bubblegum, glitter, David Bowie , The Ramones , Patti Smith , early Human League , Gary Numan , Altered Images , The Psychedelic Furs , Kate Bush , Cocteau Twins , P.i.L. , The Cure , early Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), and Depeche Mode . During 1984 and 1985, the band recorded various demos at the recording studio Noise in midtown Manhattan. One of the demos was the song \"Boy\", a toe-tapping tale of teen-girl angst featuring tubular bells and a skip-along beat.Noise recording studio had many bells and chimes available at the band's disposal. Reflecting on that time, Ted Ottaviano stated, \"I was fascinated with Altered Images and other bands that were incorporating bells and chimes into their music. Long brass chimes, tubular bells, whatever. It sounded right, for the time.\" Keyboardist Lauren Roselli gave a copy of the \"Boy\" demo to disc jockey Ivan Ivan, who had recently co-produced the dancefloor hit \"The Dominatrix Sleeps Tonight\" by Dominatrix . Ivan forwarded the demo to Sire Records president Seymour Stein , who subsequently signed the group to his label in August 1984. In 1985, the band began recording what would become their debut album at Unique Recording with Ivan Ivan as producer. The band recorded two tracks for the single \"Boy\" and the band's theme song \"Book of Love\". \"Boy\" was released as a single, and became a huge dance club hit, peaking at no. 7 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. A rare Australian promotional video was shot for the song, featuring the band performing the song with Ted Ottaviano playing tubular bells. After having a hit with \"Boy\", the band quit their day jobs. While doing promotion for the single, the band met Depeche Mode at a party hosted by Rockpool (modern rock promotion company). Subsequently, the band was offered the opening slot on the North American leg of Depeche Mode's Some Great Reward Tour . Starting in Washington, D.C., on March 14, 1985, the band, still without an album, joined the tour with Depeche Mode, playing coast to coast throughout their 15 North American tour dates. Upon returning from the Depeche Mode tour, the band went straight into the recording studio to record \"Happy Day\" for inclusion on the UK single of \"Boy\". The remainder of the summer was spent on a small club tour of the southern states that the Depeche Mode tour had skipped over, and recording the songs \" I Touch Roses \" and \"Lost Souls\" for the next single. \"I Touch Roses\" was then released in September 1985. Daniel Miller , founder of Mute Records and producer of Depeche Mode, remixed the song as a single remix and an extended 'Full Bloom Version' for the European single that was released in early 1986. \"I Touch Roses\" became a big club hit, peaking at no. 8 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. Because of the success of \"I Touch Roses\", the band got a green light to finish the album. \"We were the little choo-choo train. We didn't know it at the time, but thankfully with \"I Touch Roses\", it was not preordained that Sire was developing us at the time. There was no grand scheme. It was more a la carte. But then people started picking up on 'Roses' and then the album happened,\" recalled Ted Ottaviano in 2009. Up until the end of the summer of 1985, the band had only recorded five songs (\"Boy\", \"Book of Love\", \"Happy Day\", \"I Touch Roses\", and \"Lost Souls\"). Following the success of \"I Touch Roses\", the band resumed work on the album in September 1985 at Unique Recording and Sigma Sound Studios in New York City, recording the seven new songs that would make up the rest of their debut album. Instruments the band used to record the album were various synthesizers ( Oberheim Xpander , Yamaha DX-7 , Casio CZ-1000 , Roland Juno 6 , Roland JX-8P ), an E-mu Emulator sampler, piano, tubular bells, chimes, melodica, and both acoustic and electronic percussion (Yamaha RX-11 drum machine, Simmons Toms ). The main songwriting duties on Book of Love fell to Ted Ottaviano, with Susan Ottaviano co-writing six of the tracks, and Jade Lee contributing to two. One of the songs recorded was a cover song of \"Die Matrosen\" (\"The Sailor\", in English), originally by the all-girl Swiss post-punk band LiLiPUT , which features a catchy chorus of whistling. Recording of the album was finally finished in January 1986. The eponymous debut album Book of Love was finally released on April 1, 1986, during the peak of synthpop in the 1980s. \" You Make Me Feel So Good \" was released as the first official single from the record on July 31, 1986, and became Book of Love's first CHR radio hit. The song was remixed for the single by Jellybean and Ivan Ivan. Album track \"Lost Souls\", was also remixed and extended by Mark Kamins and included on the 12-inch single. In April 1986, a music video was filmed on location in New York City for \"You Make Me Feel So Good\" and released in late July along with the single to promote the album. In 1986, Depeche Mode once again asked the band to be their opening act. Finally with an album to promote, Book of Love toured as the opening act on the massive Depeche Mode Black Celebration Tour , joining the band's first European leg on April 29, 1986, in Hanover, West Germany, and playing 48 shows in twelve weeks throughout the full North American leg which ended on July 15, 1986, in Irvine, California. Once the Depeche Mode tour was through, the band set out on their own headlining tour of clubs, beginning in Boston on August 8, 1986, and ending in Albion, Michigan in March 1987. A second official and final single taken from the album, \" Modigliani (Lost in Your Eyes) \", was released in April 1987. The song was a dance club hit, peaking at no. 17 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, becoming as popular as New Order and Depeche Mode singles in clubs at its peak. \"Modigliani (Lost in Your Eyes)\" is an ode to Italian painter Amedeo Modigliani . The track was penned by Jade Lee, Susan and Ted Ottaviano, who had been inspired by the Italian painter's works and history. Amedeo Modigliani had always been the band's own version of a rock star. After all, we were all art school students. At the time I was working on the [Requiem Mass] remix I became submerged and almost obsessed in his life story. It read like a Bronte sisters novel. I wrote a short biography for the front cover of the 12 inch.\u2014Ted Ottaviano, Interview with Popdose.com \u2013 February 2008. The cover of the single featured one of Modigliani's famous paintings of his mistress Jeanne Hebuterne , along with the short biography of the painter written by Ted Ottaviano. For the back sleeve of the 12-inch single, Susan Ottaviano made drawings of each member of the band in the style of Modigliani. Similar, yet alternate large portrait drawings of the band were later used as large stage props behind the band on their Lullaby Tour in 1989.The four-minute 'Requiem Mass' remixed version of \"Modigliani (Lost in Your Eyes)\" was featured in an episode of Miami Vice on November 6, 1987, and both the original single and 'Requiem Mass' remix were used in the 1987 film Planes, Trains and Automobiles . In 1987, Philadelphia-based satirical punk rock band The Dead Milkmen released a single ironically titled \"Instant Club Hit (You'll Dance to Anything)\", which hurled insults about the fans of then current popular club artists, calling them \"pathetic\", \"art fags\", \"boring bisexuals\", and \" Danceteria types\". Book of Love was specifically named with other bands The Smiths , Depeche Mode, and Public Image Ltd. with the line, \"you'll dance to anything by Book of Love\". The end of the song effectively lumped the bands together as \"a bunch of stupid Europeans who come over here with their big hairdos intent on taking our money instead of giving your cash, where it belongs, to a decent American artist like myself.\" In November 1988, the album Book of Love was made available on CD for the first time. The new CD edition included five bonus remixes. Promotional duties and non-stop touring in support of Depeche Mode's Black Celebration tour had kept Book of Love from entering the studio to lay down ideas for their second record. In a 2009 interview, Ted Ottaviano stated, \"It's the classic story. We weren't quite sure where the first album would take us, and it ended up taking us on a ride. But then we had to turn right around and write and record songs for the follow-up. I'm not sure we had enough distance, enough time, to fully grasp what this meant or entailed.\" In the spring of 1987, the band was finally able to lay down some demos for the next record, writing the new songs between March through August. In late September 1987, the band eventually convened at D+D Recording and Unique Recording Studios in New York to record with esteemed producer Mark Ellis, aka Flood (Depeche Mode, Erasure, Nitzer Ebb, Nine Inch Nails), who had just produced Erasure 's The Circus the previous year, along with engineering on U2 's The Joshua Tree . Flood co-produced the record with Ted Ottaviano. Reflecting on the recording in 2009, Susan Ottaviano stated, \"It was great to be part of some of Ted's Cecil B. DeMille-styled productions. We had a full orchestra and a bagpipe player wearing a kilt for the song \" Lullaby \". We also recorded the organ at Cathedral of St. John the Divine (NYC) for \"With a Little Love\". It was such an amazing experience.\" The cathedral organ drenched, \"With A Little Love\", marked the first Book Of Love song to feature Ted Ottaviano on lead vocals. On recording with Flood, Ted Ottaviano stated, \"We spent one night there, from about 10 pm to 6 am. Flood miked the entire cathedral. He was totally game for what we wanted to do.\" In December 1987, the band recorded their cover version of the song \" We Three Kings \", adding their own twist to the Christmas carol. The song was featured alongside tracks by Erasure, The Pretenders , Prince , and The Ramones , on the Warner Bros. Records promotional holiday album compilation Yulesville , released in late 1987. Recording in New York ended on December 18, 1987, with the band reuniting with Flood on January 1, 1988 to record vocals at the Great Hall at Hansa Tonstudio Berlin. Flood mixed \"Melt My Heart\" and \"Champagne Wishes\" and the recording of the album was finished. The remaining eight tracks were mixed by Alan Meyerson in L.A. in February, and the album mastered in March at Sterling Sound . Preceding the album, the first single, \"Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls\" was released on May 24, 1988. \"Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls\" became one of the first songs to address the issue of the AIDS epidemic with its lyric of \"Strangers in the night exchanging glances, but sex is dangerous, I don't take my chances ... safe sex, safe sex.\" The song became the band's highest-charting single at no. 90 in the Billboard Hot 100, and the only moment crossing over into mainstream pop. In the dance clubs, the song was a smash, and made it to no. 5 on the Hot Dance Club Play Chart, spending 11 weeks on the chart. A music video for \"Pretty Boys And Pretty Girls\" was shot by director Carlos Grosso and released to promote the new album.Book of Love's second album Lullaby was released on June 21, 1988, and spent ten weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at no. 156, the highest album placement of their career. The album sleeve is a photograph from 1872 of a girl posing as cupid, titled \"Cupid Considering\", by Julia Margaret Cameron , from the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House . Opening the album is a cover of Mike Oldfield 's \"Tubular Bells\", originally made famous as the theme from the horror movie The Exorcist . For the track, the band sampled Lauren Roselli channeling Linda Blair's role as Regan, crying \"Mother, make it stop!\" It flows seamlessly into the second track on the album, the first single \"Pretty Boys and Pretty Girls\". The two tracks were also remixed into a 14:25 minute extended medley version on the single.The second single was the album's title track \"Lullaby\", featuring a galloping bassline, bagpipe drones and solo, lullaby vocal harmonies, and lush strings by a string section of 20 Juilliard students. The song peaked at no. 27 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play Chart and spent seven weeks on the chart. The song has become one of Book of Love's signature songs, achieving classic status among their catalogue. The band had intended to tour in the fall of 1988, but the illness of a band member delayed the tour until 1989. In late December 1988, the band played several warm up shows including N.Y.C., five dates in Texas, and Norman, Oklahoma on January 2, 1989. To promote Lullaby , the band headlined their own Lullaby Tour of clubs in the spring of 1989 with various local acts opening in each city. The band's U.S. tour lasted for four months, with dates spanning February 23 through June 29, 1989. The band took two weeks out of their tour schedule in mid-April to remix the track \"Witchcraft\", and another week in May to edit the song for the next single. The third and final single taken from the album was \" Witchcraft \" and released July 15, 1989. It was the only single from the album that failed to make the Billboard charts. The track samples the classic 1960s TV series Bewitched , and also contains a chant of names of the witches/characters from the show ... \"Enchantra, Endora, Tabitha, Esmerelda, Clara, Hagatha\". The song features quirky deadpan rap-style vocals from Susan Ottaviano, Jade Lee, and Lauren Roselli, incanting the ingredients for a love potion. When performing the song on the Lullaby Tour, the band donned witches' hats, making it a fan favorite of the band's live shows. Book of Love released their third record two years following their moderately successful album, Lullaby . After having substantial success on college radio stations and the dancefloor in the 1980s, Candy Carol was released amid the changing musical landscape of the early 1990s. In a 2009 interview, Lauren Roselli Johnson stated, \"I think we had great momentum going from Book of Love to Lullaby . Then, after the 1980s were gone and the 1990s arrived with a very heavy shift in [music] genres, production became valued-or not. There was hip hop, grunge, and house music. I think we fit in less and less with that stuff. It was kind of the beginning of the end of our story.\" The songs for Candy Carol were written and recorded in 1989 and 1990, and were \"musically based on the late-60s pop idiom\". The band's intent was to record a modern album recreating the style of late-1960s pop. Explaining the meaning of Candy Carol , Ted Ottaviano stated, \"To me, Candy Carol represents melody. The purity of melody is something that can give you a good feeling the way a Christmas carol can. I don't think there is anything religious about the songs on the album. But, they are inspired by the idea and feeling of a carol. I am inspired by carols the same way I would be inspired by a Renaissance or Byzantine painting.\" The band spent time recording the album at three different studios in New York City with Ted Ottaviano co-producing the record with Ben Grosse . Lauren Roselli, for the first time, contributed creatively as a songwriter, and co-wrote two songs, \"Flower Parade\" and \" Counting the Rosaries \". For the two tracks, she also took on lead vocal duties for the first time. In a 2009 interview, Lauren Roselli Johnson stated, \"Ted really nurtured me and shared his process with me openly. In return, I always respected and tried to help him to hear out his vision. I think at that point, I was ready and wanted to write. Ted encouraged it and facilitated it.\" For recording of the album track \"Turn The World\", Book of Love invited thirty of their friends to the recording studio to be the singing choir in the chorus of the song. Another album track titled \"Wall Song\", a semi-instrumental piece, was inspired by the breakdown of the Berlin Wall, and features spoken word sections of Jade Lee reading a German version of the poem \"Autumn\" by Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke . Recording sessions with co-producer Ben Grosse began January 15, 1990, at Chung King House of Metal , where the band laid down basic tracks for a month and a half. After the taking a break in early March to pursue individual projects, they reconvened on April 16, 1990 at The Hit Factory to record vocals until mid-May. From there, the band moved to Unique Recording Studios to record overdubs, and finishing the recording of the album on June 8, 1990. In July, the album was mixed at Pearl Sound, Detroit, MI. by Ted Ottaviano and Ben Grosse, and then finally mastered at Sterling Sound. Candy Carol was originally scheduled to be released on October 15, 1990. The band had hoped to have the album out well before Christmas, so as not to compete with holiday releases. The remixing of \" Alice Everyday \" took producer Ben Grosse a couple extra weeks, causing the label to push the release back. The band decided to delay the release until the new year so that it would receive full support from the label. On the subject, Ted Ottaviano stated, \"At first it really upset us because we were anticipating the release of it for almost two and a half years. But as January approached, it was obvious that it was the best thing to do because you don't get the attention you deserve when you're a smaller band.\" The first single taken from the record was \"Alice Everyday\", released before the album in January 1991, and features sing-song vocals and a refrain consisting of a laundry list of girls' names. The title of the song \"Alice Everyday\" is an actual real name of a woman from the 1800s that Ted Ottaviano came across while collecting girls names in a notebook. In the dance clubs, the song was a moderate hit, and made it to no. 21 on the Hot Dance Club Play Chart, spending nine weeks on the chart. A promotional video was shot and released for \"Alice Everyday\" by director Rocky Schenck . There are two versions of the video, one that uses the album version of \"Alice Everyday\" and the other, the 'Everyday Glo Mix' version of the song. The video emulates the Candy Carol album cover, showing the band dancing and performing inside of snow globes, wearing outfits similar to the album cover.Book of Love's third album Candy Carol was finally released on January 23, 1991, with twelve tracks, and sold 60,000 copies in the first week of release. The album spent four weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at no. 174, the second best placing of their career. The album sleeve, designed by Jade Lee and photographed by Marc David Cohen, is of a crafted snow globe with miniatures of the band members performing amid falling snowflakes.We were working on Candy Carol while Jonathan was working on Silence [ of the Lambs ]. I played him a rough mix of the record and I think he liked \"Sunny Day\" and felt he could use it somewhere in the film.\u2014Lauren Roselli Johnson, Interview with Michael Paoletta \u2013 February 2009. The second single taken from the album was \" Sunny Day \", with its sun-kissed guitars, bells, and arpeggiated harps. It became the second Book of Love song to feature Ted Ottaviano on lead vocals. The single from the album that failed to make the Billboard charts but was featured in Jonathan Demme's 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs . In a strange twist of fate, Lauren Roselli was cast in the role of Stacy Hubka in the movie. The third and final single from the album was \" Counting the Rosaries \", featuring Lauren Roselli on lead vocals, a whistling section, and Marc Roselli, a Jesuit priest and brother to Lauren Roselli, singing the Sanctus on the track. The song failed to make an impact on the charts.To promote Candy Carol , the band headlined their own Candy Carol Tour of small clubs in the spring of 1991 with various local acts opening in each city. The band's U.S. tour lasted for three months, with dates spanning March 2 through June 1 of 1991.Before work began on the band's fourth album, the band had an important band meeting. In a 2009 interview, Susan Ottaviano explained, \"We asked each other, 'Do you think we can do it again?' The '80s were over and we were ushering in the '90s with bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam . The funny thing is, when you're out there touring, you just think it's going to keep going on and on and on.\" The band recorded the album in New York City at Unique Recording, the same studios where they recorded parts of their previous three records. Ted Ottaviano produced the record, making it his first time solely in the producer's seat. The album contained mixed styles and creative ideas from all four members of the group, with each member taking a turn as lead vocalist. The songs \"Tambourine\", \"Flower In My Hand\", and \"Enchanted\" dated back to the early days of the band and were more in the style of the first two albums, while \" Boy Pop \" and \" Chatterbox (Pt. 2) \" moved in a new club-oriented direction. \"We were more fractured as a band. This fracture paved the way to a more open, freer recording process. We accepted each other more\" The track \"Sunday A.M.\" was inspired by Junior Vasquez and Ted Ottaviano and Lauren Roselli's Sunday mornings at The Sound Factory in New York City. \"Happily Ever After\" featured Lauren Roselli on lead vocals, and a lyric about counting each of twelve tears after a breakup. The song contained a sample of The 5th Dimension 's hit \" Aquarius \". The album also contains two cover songs. The first, \" Sound and Vision \", originally was done by David Bowie , who is one of the band's biggest heroes and inspirations. \"Woyaya\", originally done by Ghanaian Afro-pop group Osibisa and later covered by Art Garfunkel , features Ted Ottaviano on lead vocals, a lone drum beat, and the ambient noise of a city protest.Before the album release, the band released the first single \"Boy Pop\" in May 1993, a dance track and ode to gay men, with its lyric of \"brother love ... across the nation ... on the bottom or the top, when we go, we go pop ... boys united cannot be divided ...\". The song became a huge club hit, peaking at no. 4 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. A promotional video was shot showing the band at a club/bar and many muscular fit dancers.Book of Love released their fourth record, Lovebubble , on June 15, 1993, almost two years after their previous album, 1991's Candy Carol . Lovebubble did not chart, and was released to little fanfare amidst the changing musical tides of the early nineties with grunge dominating the alternative landscape. The album's cover sleeve, a tic tac toe square of nine different images, was designed by Talking Heads ' frontman David Byrne . The second and final single taken from the record was \"Hunny Hunny\"/\"Chatterbox (Pt. 2)\", a double A-side single, released in September 1993. \"Hunny Hunny\" featured Lauren Roselli on lead vocals, nursery rhyme lyrics, and cascading arpeggiated synths. In contrast, the flip side, \"Chatterbox (Pt. 2)\", penned by Jade Lee, featured Jade on lead vocals spouting off a stream-of-consciousness lyric to a house flavored backing track. Neither song charted.The album track \"Enchanted\" was included on the soundtrack to the 1993 film Naked in New York .To promote Lovebubble , the band played a small tour of a few select small clubs in early 1994. Following the small tour, the band went their separate ways before Book of Love became obsolete. Speaking about the 1990s in an interview, Susan Ottaviano stated, \"Melody was sort of falling by the wayside and getting into a little bit more of the riffs and some of the things that we didn't fit as well, and I think that also we were having the growing pains in the band and in general about how to move forward.\" In a 2013 interview, Ted Ottaviano explained, \"I wouldn't just say that grunge killed it. I just think it wasn't apparent that basically, musically, audiences had changed and they wanted to hear different things. We did. We were as much of a music participant as anyone else. Most of the electronic music became more dance oriented, and techno and house [industrial] went towards that direction, and then more alternative music went back to a really traditional sort of almost rock or post-punk sort of vein. It felt like the synth pop songs that we were doing didn't feel like they had a place at that moment, in a strange way, even for us. You could feel the tide change. We could've continued going on if we wanted to, we just basically felt we had sort of done our thing at that point.\" In 2001, Reprise Records released Book of Love's first and only 'best of' collection: I Touch Roses: The Best of Book of Love , effectively fulfilling the band's Warner Bros. recording contract. It had been eight years since the release of Lovebubble , the band's eclectic final album. In the late 1990s, with the emerging electroclash scene and electronic dance music back in vogue, the musical environment was ready for Book of Love again.We realized there isn't really all that much about Book of Love out there, and we needed to put together some type of career retrospective. If we didn't do it, no one would. So we started working on it, and finally we're here.In 2000, the band worked away at Sound Umbrella studio in New York City, preparing new songs for the release. Three new songs were recorded for the album. \"Getting Faster\", penned by Susan Ottaviano and Ted Ottaviano, was a dance pop number with lyrics of \"slowing down and getting faster ... blue sky won't go up and up.\" A new track \"Try\", a collaboration between Jade Lee and Ted Ottaviano, featured both Susan Ottaviano and Jade on lead vocals, and a classic Book of Love arrangement. \"It's In Your Eyes\" was an old track that dated back to the very beginnings of Book of Love. Taking things full circle, the song was the first song originally written by Susan and Ted Ottaviano, and the band resurrected it and recorded it for the first time for inclusion on the compilation. It had only been performed live, but its inclusion is a \"real gift to the earliest fans\". Ted Ottaviano stated, \"This is a perfect time for a retrospective. We've added great new material and we can look back at our whole body of work with real objectivity.\" Another new production on the compilation was a reworking of the song \"Sunny Day\". Ted Ottaviano produced the new version which included guitar from Lori Lindsay, who would later collaborate with Ted Ottaviano and Lauren (Roselli) Johnson as lead vocalist and guitarist in The Myrmidons. I Touch Roses: The Best of Book of Love was released on March 13, 2001, with sixteen tracks spanning the group's entire catalog. The compilation album failed to chart on the Billboard charts. The only singles omitted from the collection were \" Witchcraft \" and \"Boy Pop\", along with fan favorite album cuts such as \"With A Little Love\", \"Turn The World\", and \" Sound and Vision \". The only single released from the record was a newly remixed version of \"Boy\" by DJ-Producer Peter Rauhofer in January 2001. \"Boy\", originally an Ivan Ivan production from the band's eponymous debut, was given a new life with additional new production from Peter. \"Boy\" (Peter Rauhofer Remix) became a huge club hit, peaking at no. 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. Speaking about the remix, Ted Ottaviano stated, \"Peter was a huge fan of the song, and he w", ["2_674"]] [20675, "Lake Kildinskoye ( Russian : \u041a\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e ) is a lake in Kolsky District , Murmansk Oblast , Russia . It is located in the east of the Kola Peninsula close to the confluence of the Tuloma River and Kola River , 13 kilometers (8.1\u00a0mi) south-east of the city of Murmansk . The lake is approximately 8 kilometers (5.0\u00a0mi) long and 1 kilometer (0.62\u00a0mi) wide. Lake Kildinskoye's proximity to Murmansk, European route E105 , and Severomorsk-3 air base has made it a popular year-round tourism location used for various recreational purposes, including sailing regattas during the summer and wind surfing during the winter. Activities related to the Festival of the North, an annual winter sports festival held across Murmansk Oblast since 1934, are held on and round the lake when it is frozen over. This Murmansk Oblast location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_675"]] [20676, "Four Barrel Coffee is a coffee roaster based in San Francisco, California , with two cafes in San Francisco. Like competitors Ritual Coffee Roasters and Blue Bottle , Four Barrel is among local, independent companies which roast their own beans, wholesale, and operate cafes. Unique among local coffeeshops, Four Barrel does not provide free Wi-Fi or power for laptops. Four Barrel opened in 2008 and was started by one of the founders of Ritual, with its first location in the Mission District . In April 2017, Benny Gold collaborated with Four Barrel Coffee to offer, limited edition commemorative product. In January 2018 eight former employees filed suit against Four Barrel and its founder Jeremy Tooker, alleging that he sexually assaulted multiple women and created a toxic workplace culture for non male employees. The company settled the lawsuit out of court and Tooker left the company and divested his shares in it. The remaining owners were reportedly planning to rebuild the company with a 100% employee owned model. Multiple companies have ceased to carry Four Barrel product in the wake of the suit. As of seven months later the company has not made a transition to being worker owned and \"will not for the foreseeable future,\" according to co-owners Tal Mor and Jodi Geren. They cite a lack of profitability and have pledged to begin profit sharing with employees by the end of the year, should the business stabilize. This coffee -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_676"]] [20677, "Madonna Buder , S.F.C.C. (born Marie Dorothy Buder ; July 24, 1930), also known as the Iron Nun , is an American Senior Olympian triathlete and former religious sister . Buder has the current world record for the oldest woman to ever finish an Ironman Triathlon , which she obtained at age 82 by finishing the Subaru Ironman Canada on August 26, 2012. Marie Dorothy Buder was born in St. Louis, Missouri on July 24, 1930. She was educated at Visitation Academy of St. Louis , an all-girl Catholic school run by the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary . She went on to attend Maryville College for two years, and finished her education at Washington University in St. Louis , where she was a member of the Alpha Iota chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta . She entered a convent of the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd at age 23. In 1970, she left the congregation to join 38 other Sisters from different and varying backgrounds to establish a new and non-traditional community of Religious Sisters. As a member of the non- canonical Sisters for Christian Community , a contemporary religious order inspired by the teachings of the Second Vatican Council that is independent of the authority of the Catholic Church , Buder has had the freedom to choose her own ministry and lifestyle. Buder began training at age 48 at the behest of Father John who told her it was a way of tweaking, \"mind, body, and spirit\" and for the relaxation and calmness it can bring an individual. She completed her first triathlon at age 52 and first Ironman event at age 55 and has continued ever since. Buder is well known in the Triathlon community for her achievements in age group races. She has completed over 325 triathlons including 45 Ironman Distances. [ citation needed ] At the 2005 Hawaii Ironman, at age 75, the Iron Nun became the oldest woman ever to complete the race, finishing 1 hour before the 17-hour midnight cut-off time. At the 2006 Hawaii Ironman , at age 76, she again became the oldest woman ever to complete the race, finishing with a time of 16:59:03.During her sporting career, Buder has also worked hard at raising money for various charities. She is quoted as saying, \"I train religiously.\" [ citation needed ]On August 24, 2008, Buder participated in the Ironman race held in Penticton , British Columbia , Canada. She was unable to finish the race by a factor of seconds as she was unable to reach the finish line within the 17 hours cut-off limit. However, 371 days later, on August 30, 2009, Buder completed Ironman Canada (Penticton, British Columbia) in a time of 16:54:30. This accomplishment broke her own record of being the oldest female to complete the Ironman distance at 79 years old. In fact, the Ironman organization has had to add new age brackets as the sister gets older. Unfortunately, although Buder started the 2010 Ironman Canada competition at the age of 80, she was unable to complete the course, due to a wetsuit issue. She competed in the 2011 Ironman Canada competition but missed the bike cut-off by 2 minutes.She was willing to compete in an Ironman triathlon again in 2012 as she wanted to open up an 80+ age category and be the oldest person, male or female, to finish an Ironman triathlon. Buder thus became the overall Ironman world record holder in age at age 82 by finishing the Subaru Ironman Canada on August 26, 2012. She beat the record previously held by 81-year-old Lew Hollander who finished the Ironman Kona World Championship in 2011. Buder finished her race in 16:32:00 minutes beating Hollander's time of 16:45:55 although they competed on different courses. Hollander, Buder, and Bob Scott were 82 when they competed in the 2012 Ironman World Championship in Kona on October 13, 2012, but Buder and Scott did not finish the race. Buder attended the Challenge Family inaugural year in Penticton BC, Canada on August 25, 2013 during the bike portion in a relay team finishing her portion of the Challenge in 7:38:45. At the Volunteer/Athlete Banquet held the next evening on August 26, 2013, Felix Walchshofer, CEO of Challenge Family Penticton, invited Buder to compete in Challenge Roth next year as a single Triathlete.In 2014, Buder was inducted into the USA Triathlon Hall of Fame. On October 5, 2010, Buder released her autobiography, The Grace to Race: The Wisdom and Inspiration of the 80-Year-Old World Champion Triathlete Known as the Iron Nun . In 2016, Buder was featured in an ad for Nike, Inc that was aired during the Summer Olympic Games . ", ["2_677"]] [20678, "Zalvia is an alternative rock / folk rock band from Mexico City , Mexico , formed in 2008 by friends Antonio Torres ( lead vocals , guitars ), Yonat\u00e1n Barrueta ( guitars ), Miguel Rinc\u00f3n ( drums ), Omar Mundo ( bass ) and Marco Antonio Villanueva ( saxophone ). The name is a variation of Salvia divinorum . They are well known in their country for their contemporary rock sounds, based on the 1970s sounds from bands like The Doors , and also including sounds from their folk roots. One year later, Zalvia's line-up changed, keeping Antonio Torres and Yonat\u00e1n Barrueta as the only constant members and adding Roberto \"Rober\" Serrano ( bass ), Mariana In\u00e9s L\u00f3pez ( percussion ), Fernando Torres ( saxophone ), Luis \"Lucho\" Garay ( trumpet ), Victor Osorio ( keyboards ), and Luis Alvarado ( drums ).They have released two EPs , Zalvia (2008) and En vivo (2009). Their first album is to be released in 2010. [ needs update ]United initially by their common love for The Doors , Zalvia have shown a growing interest in the composition of fusion folk roots, especially those working during the 1970s movement of alternative rock. Between these two related and creative filter verses revelation, valuable emotional debate about his music, a rock of the past but undeniable bond developed with rigour and freshness, plus exceptional flexibility that has allowed them to maintain a healthy pace of edits.Since the middle of 2009, it has been one of the indie rock groups most active in Mexico . They played in front of a sold-out crowd at the Auditorio Nacional 's Lunario, Hard Rock Cafe and many Latin Music Festivals.", ["2_678"]] [20679, "Lucky Lilac (Japanese: \u30e9\u30c3\u30ad\u30fc\u30e9\u30a4\u30e9\u30c3\u30af , foaled 3 April 2015) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. As a two-year-old in 2017 she was undefeated in three races including the Artemis Stakes and Hanshin Juvenile Fillies and took the JRA Award for Best Two-Year-Old Filly . In the following year she won the Tulip Sho and was placed in both the Oka Sho and the Yushun Himba . In 2019 she won the Queen Elizabeth II Cup and finished second in the Hong Kong Vase . As a five-year-old in 2020 she defeated male opponents to win the Osaka Hai and recorded a second victory in the Queen Elizabeth II Cup. She has earned more than $7 million in prize money. Lucky Lilac is a chestnut mare with a narrow white blaze bred in Hokkaido by Northern Farm . She was sent into training with Mikio Matsunaga and raced in the black, red and yellow colours of Sunday Racing. She is an unusually large female Thoroughbred, weighing as much as 524 kg during her racing career. She was from the first crop of foals sired by Orfevre, who was the Japanese Horse of the Year in 2011 and whose wins included the Satsuki Sho , Tokyo Yushun , Kikuka Sho , Arima Kinen and Takarazuka Kinen . Orfevre's other progeny include the Satsuki Sho winner Epoca d'Oro . Lucky Lilac's dam, Lilacs And Lace showed to-class form as a three-year-old in the United States in 2011, winning the California Oaks and the Ashland Stakes . She was a granddaughter of the Acorn Stakes winner Stella Madrid who was in turn a daughter of the outstanding female sprinter My Juliet . Lucky Lilac was ridden in most of her early races by Shu Ishibashi. On her racecourse debut she contested an event for previously unraced juveniles over 1600 metres at Niigata Racecourse on 20 August and won from Lavacourt and sixteen others. The filly was then stepped up in class for the Grade 3 Artemis Stakes over the same distance at Tokyo Racecourse on 28 October. Starting the 3.4/1 second favourite behind Tosen Bliss in a fifteen-runner field she won by three quarters of a length from Sayakachan. On 10 December Lucky Lilac was moved up to the highest level to contest the Grade 1 Hanshin Juvenile Fillies over 1600 metres at Hanshin Racecourse and started the 3.1/1 second choice in the betting behind the Sapporo Nisai Stakes winner Rock This Town. The other fancied contenders in the eighteen runner field included Lily Noble, Mau Lea, Social Club, Cordierite, Tosen Bliss and Sayakachan. Lucky Lilac was settled in mid division towards the outside as the Las Emociones set the pace from Cordierite. Entering the straight the leaders began to fade and Lily Noble went to the front but Lucky Lilac produced a sustained run on the outside, gained the advantage in the last 200 metres and won by three quarters of a length with Mau Lea taking third place. After the race Ishibashi commented \"She was a bit keen in her last start but was very relaxed today. We were in a good striking position at the top of the stretch which gave me all the confidence I needed. Her physical ability is extremely high and she is very intelligent too.\" In the official ratings for Japanese two-year-olds Lucky Lilac was rated the best juvenile filly of the year, two pounds ahead of Lily Noble and six pounds below the top-rated colt Danon Premium . In January 2018 Lucky Lilac was unanimously voted Best Two-Year-Old Filly at the JRA Awards for 2017. Lucky Lilac began her second campaign in the Grade 2 Tulip Sho (a major trial race for the Oka Sho ) over 1600 metres at Hanshin on 3 March. She was made the odds-on favourite and won by two lengths and a neck from Mau Lea and Lily Noble. Her trainer Mikio Matsunaga commented \"she was able to demonstrate her strength and ability, and looking ahead we could take a lot from that. She has good natural speed, does her work well, and because she's relaxed we can train her as we'd like\". On 8 April the filly starts 4/5 favourite in a seventeen-runner field for the 78th edition of Oka Sho at Hanshin. After racing in fourth place she took the lead in the straight but sustained her first defeat as she was overtaken in the final strides and beaten a length and three quarters into second place by Almond Eye . Lucky Lilac was moved up in distance and started second favourite for the Yushun Himba at Tokyo on 20 May. She tracked the leaders before making steady progress in the straight and finishing third behind Almond Eye and Lily Noble. After a break of over four and a half months, Lucky Lilac returned for the Shuka Sho over 2000 metres at Kyoto Racecourse on 14 October. Plans to give her a warm-up race had been shelved after she sustained an injury to her right hind leg. Ridden by Yuichi Kitamura she was the second choice in the betting but failed to reproduce her best form and came home ninth of the seventeen runners.In the official ratings for Japanese three-year-olds Lucky Lilac was rated alongside Lily Noble and Mikki Charm as the second-best three-year-old filly of the year, thirteen pounds behind Almond Eye. On 24 February 2019 Lucky Lilac was matched against male opposition when she contested the Grade 2 Nakayama Kinen . After racing in second place behind Maltese Apogee she took the lead in the straight and opened up a clear advantage but was caught on the line and beaten a neck by the five-year-old Win Bright . In April the filly started odds-on favourite for the Hanshin Himba Stakes and came home eighth in a blanket finish, beaten less than two lengths by the winner Mikki Charm. Despite five consecutive defeats Lucky Lilac was made the 3.3/1 favourite for a strong renewal of the Victoria Mile at Tokyo on 12 May. She tracked the front-running Aerolithe before launching a strong challenge on the outside but in another close finish she was beaten into fourth place behind Normcore , Primo Scene and Crocosmia.Lucky Lilac returned from her summer break to contest the Grade 2 Fuchu Himba Stakes over 1800 metres at Tokyo on 14 October and finished third behind Scarlet Color and Frontier Queen. Christophe Soumillon took over from Ishibashi for the filly's next race, the Grade 1 Queen Elizabeth II Cup on 10 November at Kyoto in which she started the 4.4/1 third choice in the betting behind the three-year-olds Loves Only You and Chrono Genesis . Her other fifteen opponents included Crocosmia, Scarlet Color and Frontier Queen. She settled on the inside in mid division as Crocosmia set the pace from Loves Only You, before making rapid progress in the straight, overtaking Crocosmia 100 metres from the finish and winning by one and a quarter lengths. After the race Soumillon said \"I was very confident when I saw how good she was in training but today she was even better. She was really concentrating and I saw she was reacting very fast... The pace was not very fast so I thought it would be a little bit hard to make up ground, but finally I took the option to stay in the inside and she really quickened well and at the 200-meter marker when I saw the gap was still open\". On her final appearance of the year Lucky Lilac was sent to Sha Tin Racecourse for the Hong Kong Vase over 2400 metres in December. With Soumillon again in the saddle she produced a strong late run from the rear of the field to finish second of the fourteen runners behind her fellow Japanese challenger Glory Vase .Lucky Lilac was ridden in her first four races as a five-year-old by Mirco Demuro . She began her fourth campaign on 1 March when she started the 2/1 second favourite for the Nakayama Kinen and finished second behind the four-year-old colt Danon Kingly , beaten one and three quarter lengths by the winner. By the time the mare made her next appearance, in the Grade 1 Osaka Hai over 2000 metres at Hanshin on 5 April, horse races in Japan were being run behind closed doors owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. She went off the 3.1/1 second favourite behind Danon Kingly in a twelve-runner field which also included Blast Onepiece , Chrono Genesis, Wagnerian and Makahiki . She settled in third place on the inside as Danon Kingly set the from Jinambo but looked to be short of racing room as the field entered the straight. When Jinambo dropped back however, Demuro angled Lucky Lilac to the left and the mare gained the advantage in the closing stages to win by a neck from Chrono Genesis with Danon Kingly a further neck away in third. After the race Demuro said \"Lucky Lilac was well prepared for coming into this race... she was definitely very strong and fit this time. She was really sharp coming out of the gate and we were a little forwardly positioned than expected but the race went perfectly for us and she was really concentrating and taking the bit after the third corner. We were lucky to find a nice opening at the stretch. She's a mare but a not timid and has the strength to face the top males in the future.\" On softer ground at the same track on 28 June Lucky Lilac started the 3.9/1 third favourite for the 2200 metre Takarazuka Kinen . She raced in third place before taking the lead in the straight but tired in the closing stages and came home sixth behind Chrono Genesis. In the Grade 2 Sapporo Kinen over 2000 metres Sapporo Racecourse in August she started odds-on favourite but after gaining the advantage in the straight she was run down in the closing stages and finished third behind Normcore and Persian Knight . At Kyoto on 15 November Lucky Lilac attempted to become the fourth horse after Mejiro Dober, Admire Groove and Snow Fairy to win as second Queen Elizabeth II Cup and started the 2.3/1 favourite ahead of Normcore and Loves Only You in an eighteen-runner field which also included Centelleo ( Sankei Sho All Comers ), Salacia (Fuchu Himba Stakes), Ria Amelia ( Rose Stakes ) and Win Marilyn ( Flora Stakes ). Partnered by Christophe Lemaire , she started well and settled in around twelfth place as Normcore set the pace. She made good progress on the outside approaching the final turn, went to the front 300 metres from the finish and kept on well to win by a neck from Salacia, with Loves Only You the same distance back in third.. Breaking smoothly from the outermost draw, Lucky Lilac settled in mid-division behind Loves Only You, around 12th from the front, edged forward toward the end of the backstretch and continued to advance turning the corners wide. The defending champion immediately made bid entering the corner, assumed command 300 meters out and held off the strong charges from behind in the last 100 meters to cross the wire a neck in front. Lemaire commented \"We were able to race smoothly and advance our position from the third corner. She was very composed and gave her usual turn of speed. We took the front early in the stretch but she held on well until the end. She's a strong horse. She has been racing at the top level since her two-year-old season and I had confidence in her.\" On 27 December Lucky Lilac started the 7.1/1 fourth favourite for the Arima Kinen at Nakayama after finishing second to Chrono Genesis in the poll to select the runners. She raced in mid-division towards the outside before staking on in the straight to come home fourth behind Chrono Genesis, Salacia and Fierement . After this race, she was retired to stand stud at the Northern Farm. As of 2023, Lucky Lilac has foaled a filly by Rey de Oro . Lucky Lilac also mated with Epiphaneia in 2022, but was unsuccessful. ", ["2_679"]] [20680, "Stewart Ainsworth FSA (born 26 June 1951) is a British archaeological investigator who is regularly seen on Time Team the Channel 4 archaeological television series he joined in 1995. He has since appeared in over two hundred episodes. After reading, in his youth, a book about Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson , and visiting the Tower of London , he formed an interest in the history of landscapes. He trained as a surveyor before entering the archaeology section of the Ordnance Survey . He has worked on a number of archaeological sites in Britain and abroad. He joined the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (now part of English Heritage ) in 1985, and was its Landscape Investigation Team based in York , England.He was affectionately called Time Team' s \"lumps and bumps\" man by Mick Aston , and works with the team alongside his day job, travelling the country surveying, recording and investigating archaeological sites. Regarding Time Team 's potential return, which was realised in 2022 after an eight-year hiatus, Ainsworth said: \"Time Team has probably been one of the biggest things that has happened to archaeology for many years \u2013 to make archaeology and history accessible, and we need to keep that profile going whatever way we can.\" As of 2010, Ainsworth has been affiliated with the history and archaeology department at the University of Chester , where he is a visiting professor. He is president of the Friends of Epiacum , also known as Whitley Castle, the Roman fort on the southern edge of Northumberland which he has surveyed and studied in depth.This biographical article related to British television is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This biography article of a United Kingdom academic is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This biographical article about a British archaeologist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_680"]] [20683, "The BM-14 (BM for Boyevaya Mashina , 'combat vehicle'), is a Soviet -made 140mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) , normally mounted on a truck. The BM-14 can fire 140 mm M-14 rockets with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, a smoke warhead or a chemical warhead. It is similar to the BM-13 \"Katyusha\" and was partly replaced in service by the 122 mm BM-21 Grad .Launchers were built in 16 and 17-round variants. The rockets have a maximum range of 9.8 kilometers (6.1\u00a0mi).The weapon is not accurate as there is no guidance system, but it is extremely effective in saturation fire .The BM-14 launcher and its variants can fire 140mm rockets of the M-14-series (also called Soviet-made M14 artillery rockets). They have a minimum range of 3.8 kilometers (2.4\u00a0mi) and a maximum range of 9.8 kilometers (6.1\u00a0mi). The M-14 series consist of three known types:During the Syrian Civil War , a rocket engine from a 140\u00a0mm M-14-series rocket was identified on 26 August 2013 by the U.N. fact-finding mission in the Muadamiyat al-Sham district southwest of Damascus , allegedly originating from the chemical attack on Western Ghouta on 21 August 2013. The rockets nozzle assembly had 10 jet nozzles ordered evenly in a circle with an electrical contact plate in the middle. The bottom ring of the rocket engine had the lot number \"\u0413 \u0418\u0428 4 25 - 6 7 - 179 \u041a\" engraved, :\u200a21\u201322 which means it was produced in 1967 by factory 179 ( Sibselmash plant in Novosibirsk ). However, no warhead was observed at the impact site and none of the 13 environmental samples taken in the Western Ghouta area tested positive for sarin, although three had \"degradation and/or by-products\" possibly originating from sarin. :\u200a43\u201345 On 18 September, the Russian Presidential Chief of Staff Sergei Ivanov commented on the U.N. missions findings. He said \"these rockets were supplied to dozens of countries\", but that \"the Soviet Union never supplied warheads with sarin to anyone\". Another type of rockets was used in the Eastern Ghouta attack . ", ["2_683"]] [20684, "The men's 50 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships was held on 7 August with the heats and the semifinals and 8 August with the final. Despite losing lane four to American Nathan Adrian , France's Florent Manaudou threw down a personal and textile best of 21.19 to win his first World Championship in the event, holding off Adrian and Brazilian Bruno Fratus by over three-tenths of a second, an enormous margin in swimming's shortest race. Adrian grabbed the silver in 21.52, following up a new American Record of 21.37 achieved earlier in the semifinals. Fratus took home the bronze, his first World Championship medal ever, in 21.55. Vladimir Morozov , the defending silver medalist from Barcelona, missed the podium in fourth place by a fingertip in 21.56. Ukraine's Andriy Hovorov and Italy's Marco Orsi tied for fifth in 21.86, while Greece's Kristian Golomeev , the defending NCAA 100 freestyle champion, took seventh in 21.98. Great Britain's Benjamin Proud finished eight in 22.04 to round out the championship final.Plagued by injury, Brazil's defending World Champion C\u00e9sar Cielo scratched the event. Other notable swimmers included China's Ning Zetao (22.18) and American Anthony Ervin (22.02), who both missed the championship final.Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.The heats were held at 09:30. The semifinals were held at 18.09. The swim-off was held at 19:38. The final was held on 8 August at 17:39. ", ["2_684"]] [20685, "Radial glial cells , or radial glial progenitor cells ( RGPs ), are bipolar -shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex . RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia , including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes . Their cell bodies ( somata ) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone , which lies next to the developing ventricular system . During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds , traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations. Despite the various possible fates of the radial glial population, it has been demonstrated through clonal analysis that most radial glia have restricted, unipotent or multipotent , fates. Radial glia can be found during the neurogenic phase in all vertebrates (studied to date). The term \"radial glia\" refers to the morphological characteristics of these cells that were first observed: namely, their radial processes and their similarity to astrocytes , another member of the glial cell family. M\u00fcller glia are radial glial cells that are present in the developing, as well as the adult, retina . As in the cortex , M\u00fcller glia have long processes that span the entire width of the retina, from the basal cell layer to the apical layer. However, unlike cortical radial glia, M\u00fcller glia do not appear in the retina until after the first rounds of neurogenesis have occurred. Studies suggest that M\u00fcller glia can dedifferentiate into readily dividing neural progenitors in response to injury. The characteristics that truly set M\u00fcller glia apart from radial glia in other areas of the brain, is their possession of optical properties. The majority of the retina is actually largely light scattering , suggesting that M\u00fcller glia serve as the main fiber responsible for the relay of light to the photoreceptors in the rear of the retina. Properties that help M\u00fcller glia achieve this function include a limited number mitochondria (which are very light scattering), as well as a specialized arrangement of internal protein filaments. M\u00fcller glia are the predominant type of macroglia in the retina, so they take on many of the supportive functions that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes usually handle in the rest of the central nervous system . Bergmann glia (also known as radial epithelial cells , Golgi epithelial cells , or radial astrocyte s) are unipolar astrocytes derived from radial glia that are intimately associated with Purkinje cells in the cerebellum . Since bergmann glia appear to persist in the cerebellum, and perform many of the roles characteristic of astrocytes, they have also been called \"specialized astrocytes.\" Bergmann glia have multiple radial processes that extend across the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex and terminate at the pial surface as a bulbous endfoot. Bergmann glial cells assist with the migration of granule cells , guiding the small neurons from the external granular layer down to the internal granular layer along their extensive radial processes. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for synaptic pruning . Following Purkinje cell death induced by CNS injury, Bergmann glia undergo extensive proliferative changes so as to replace lost or damaged tissue in a process known as gliosis . Radial glial cells originate from the transformation of neuroepithelial cells that form the neural plate during neurogenesis in early embryonic development . This process is mediated through the down-regulation of epithelium-related protein expression (such as tight junctions ) and an up-regulation of glial-specific features such as glycogen granules, the astrocyte glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), the intermediate filament vimentin , and, in some instances, including humans, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). After this transition, radial glia retain many of the original characteristics of neuroepithelial cells including: their apical-basal polarity , their position along the lateral ventricles of the developing cortex, and the phasic migration of their nuclei depending on their location with the cell cycle (termed \u201cinterkinetic nuclear migration\u201d). Radial glia are now recognized as key progenitor cells in the developing nervous system. During the late stages of neurogenesis, radial glial cells divide asymmetrically in the ventricular zone , generating a new radial glial cell, as well as a postmitotic neuron or an intermediate progenitor (IPC) daughter cell. Intermediate progenitor cells then divide symmetrically in the subventricular zone to generate neurons. Local environmental cues such as Notch and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, developmental period, and differing abilities of radial glia to respond to environmental cues have all been shown to influence the type of radial glia and radial glia-derived daughter cells that will be produced. FGF and Notch signaling regulate the proliferation of radial glia and the rate of neurogenesis, which affects the surface area expansion of the cerebral cortex and its ability to form surface convolutions known as gyri (see gyrification ). Radial glial cells show high levels of calcium transient activity, which is transmitted between RGCs in the ventricular zone and along the radial fibers bidirectionally to/from the cortical plate. The calcium activity is thought to promote RGC proliferation and could be involved in radial communication before synapses are present in the brain. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that cues from the external sensory environment can also influence the proliferation and neural differentiation of radial glia. At the conclusion of cortical development, most radial glia lose their attachment to the ventricles, and migrate towards the surface of the cortex, where, in mammals, most will become astrocytes during the process of gliogenesis . While it has been suggested that radial glia most likely give rise to oligodendrocytes, through the generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and OPCs can be generated from radial glial cells in vitro , more evidence is yet needed to conclude whether this process also occurs in the developing brain. Recently, radial glia that exclusively generate upper-layer cortical neurons have also been discovered. Since upper cortical layers have expanded greatly in recent evolution, and are associated with higher-level information processing and thinking, radial glia have been implicated as important mediators of brain evolution. The best characterized and first widely accepted function of radial glia is their role as scaffolds for neuronal migration in the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes. This role can be easily visualized using the electron microscope or high-resolution time-lapse microscopy , through which neurons can be seen tightly wrapped around radial glia as they travel upwards through the cortex. Additional evidence suggests that many neurons may move between neighboring radial glial fibers during migration. While excitatory neuronal migration is largely radial , inhibitory, GABAergic neurons have been shown to undergo tangential migration . Tangentially migrating neurons also appear to initiate contact with radial glial fibers in the developing cortex of ferrets, implicating radial glial cells in both of these forms of migration. As radial glia seem to differentiate late in spinal cord development, near the onset of gliogenesis, it is unclear whether they are involved in spinal cord neurogenesis or migration. Radial glia have also been implicated in forming boundaries between different axonal tracts and white matter areas of the brain. As radial glia serve as the primary neural and glial progenitors in the brain, as well as being crucial for proper neuronal migration, defects in radial glial function can have profound effects in the development of the nervous system.Mutations in either Lis1 or Nde1, essential proteins for radial glial differentiation and stabilization, cause the associated neurodevelopmental diseases Lissencephaly and microlissencephaly (which literally translate to \u201csmooth brain\u201d). Patients with these diseases are characterized by a lack of cortical folds ( sulci and gyri ) and reduced brain volume. Extreme cases of Lissencephaly cause death a few months after birth, while patients with milder forms may experience mental retardation, difficulty balancing, motor and speech deficits, and epilepsy . Death of neural progenitor cells has recently been linked the mosquito-borne virus, Zika . Epidemiological evidence indicates infection of the embryo within the first two trimesters of pregnancy has potential to cause fetal birth defects and microcephaly , possibly due to the death of progenitor cells. Further, mutations in microcephaly associated genes which encode proteins such as WDR62 can lead to radial glial depletion during brain development which ultimately leads to a smaller brain size and mental disabilities. Camillo Golgi , using his silver staining technique (later deemed the Golgi method ), first described radially oriented cells spanning from the central canal to the outer surface of the embryonic chick spinal cord, in 1885. Using the Golgi method, Giuseppe Magini then studied the mammalian fetal cerebral cortex in 1888, confirming the similar presence of elongated radial cells in the cortex (also described by K\u00f6lliker just before him), and observing \u201cvarious varicosities or swellings\u201d on the radial fibers. Intrigued, Magini also observed that the size and number of these varicosities increased later in development, and were absent in the adult nervous system. Based on these findings, Magini then hypothesized that these varicosities could be developing neurons. Using a combination Golgi and hematoxylin staining method, Magini was able to identify these varicosities as cells, some of which were very closely associated with the radial fibers. Additional early works that were important in elucidating the identity and function of radial glia, were completed by Ram\u00f3n y Cajal , who first suggested that the radial cells were a type of glia through their similarities to astrocytes; and Wilhelm His , who also proposed the idea that growing axons may use radial cells for orientation and guidance during development. Despite the initial period of interest in radial glia, little additional information was learned about these cells until the electron microscope and immunohistochemistry became available some 60 years later. List of distinct cell types in the adult human body", ["2_685"]] [20686, "Ernest R. House is an American academic specializing in program evaluation and education policy. He has been a Professor Emeritus of Education at the University of Colorado Boulder since 2002. House was a faculty member at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1985 to 2001. Before that, he was a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1969 to 1985. He has been a visiting scholar at UCLA, Harvard, University of New Mexico, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1999-2000), and also in England, Australia, Spain, Sweden, Austria, and Chile. With Ronald Wooldridge, he was editor-in-chief of the journal New Directions for Program Evaluation (the journal of the Evaluation Research Society) from 1982 to 1985.House graduated from Washington University in St. Louis with a bachelor's degree in English in 1959. He earned a master's degree in secondary education from Southern Illinois University in 1964, and completed a doctorate (Ed. D.) from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1968.", ["2_686"]] [20687, "Hit-The-Trail Holliday is a lost 1918 silent comedy film directed by Marshall Neilan and starring George M. Cohan in filmization based on his 1915 Broadway play, Hit-the-Trail-Holiday (the spelling of the play differs from the film). Cohan wrote the play for his brother-in-law Fred Niblo , who was soon to become a film director. Cohan produced the film in conjunction with Famous Players\u2013Lasky . A film about Prohibition of Alcohol, directed by one of Hollywood's then biggest alcoholics. As described in a film magazine , discharged because of his refusal to sell liquor to a minor, bartender Billie Holiday (Cohan), expert mixer of drinks, seeks employment in St. Johnsburg, a small town dominated by two factions, one a German brewer, the other an American prohibitionist . Pretty Edith Jason (Clayton) strengthens Billy's leanings towards the prohibitionists, and in a rousing address he is successful in making a name for himself. Before long, accompanied by Edith who is now his wife, Billy makes a tour of various cities in an endeavor to wipe out the liquor interests.This 1910s comedy film\u2013related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_687"]] [20688, "Princess Sophie Friederike Karoline Luise of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (16 August 1778 \u2013 9 July 1835) was a princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , the sister of Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and King Leopold I of Belgium , and the maternal aunt of Queen Victoria . By marriage, she was the Countess of Mensdorff-Pouilly . She was born in Coburg , the eldest child of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf .Sophie had a particularly close relationship with her sister, Antoinette , and both often attended the Schloss Fantaisie , a sanctuary of French emigrants. It was there where she met her future husband, Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly . They married on 23 February 1804 in Coburg. Her husband was elevated to count in 1818.In 1806, her husband was in Saalfeld , a secondary residence of the Coburg court. Therefore, it was possible for him to have participated in the Battle of Saalfeld , he retrieved the remains of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia from the battlefield and protected the residence of Sophie's father and family against the arrogance of the victorious French troops. From 1824 to 1834, Sophie lived in Mainz , where her husband was a commander of the federal fortress ; here, she was generally referred to as \"Princess\". She was active as a writer and, in 1830, published her romantic collection of fairy tales, M\u00e4hrchen und Erz\u00e4hlungen . She received the Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Catherine . Sophie died in Tuschimitz , Bohemia, on July 9, 1835. She was buried in the park of Schloss Preitenstein, the family residence of the Mensdorff-Pouilly family.Emmanuel and Sophie had six sons:", ["2_688"]] [20689, "Joseph John Zelenka (born March 9, 1976) is a former American football long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 1999. He played college football at Wake Forest . Zelenka also played for the Washington Redskins , Jacksonville Jaguars and Atlanta Falcons .Joe started playing football at a very early age in the Catholic Youth Organization football league in northern Ohio, playing for the St. Mary's Chargers (Berea, OH).Zelenka attended Benedictine High School (Cleveland, Ohio) and was a letterman in football. In football, as a senior, he was given the Coaches' Award and was a second-team All-State selection.Zelenka attended Wake Forest University and in addition to handling longsnapping duties, he was a tight end. As a tight end, he finished his career with 25 receptions for 217 yards (8.68 yards per rec, avg.).This biographical article relating to an American football tight end born in the 1970s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_689"]] [20690, "Myklebustbreen or Sn\u00f8nipbreen is the seventh largest glacier in mainland Norway . It is located in the municipalities of Nordfjord , Gloppen , and Stryn in Vestland county. Its highest point is located just below the nunatak Sn\u00f8nipa , with an altitude of 1,827 metres (5,994\u00a0ft). The lowest point on the glacier is at an elevation of 890 metres (2,920\u00a0ft) above sea level. The villages of Byrkjelo and Egge both lie on the European route E39 highway which runs north and south, about 7 kilometres (4.3\u00a0mi) east of Myklebustbreen. The Oldedalen valley lies to the east of the glacier. The glacier also lies northwest of the large Jostedalsbreen glacier, and both are part of Jostedalsbreen National Park . Jostedalsbreen and Myklebustbreen are separated by the Stardalen valley.This Vestland location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_690"]] [20691, "John Harris (born October 15, 1957, in Glennallen, Alaska ) is an American politician and member of the Alaska House of Representatives . He served as Speaker of the House from 2005 to 2008. He was first elected in 1998 and represents the 12th district, as a member of the Republican Party . He was the mayor of Valdez from 1992 to 1996 and a member of the Valdez City Council from 1990 to 1998. John Harris attended Lincoln Electric Welding School in Cleveland, Ohio and Spartan School of Aeronautics in Tulsa, Oklahoma . He is the owner of Valdez Industrial Supply, and has been a board member of Horizons Unlimited , Resource of Alaska , and United Way . He is Chair of the House Committee on Committees and was Co-Chair of the Finance Committee. He is a member of the Armed Services Committee, the ASC Subcommittee on Homeland Security, the Rules Committee, the Legislative Council Committee, and the following Finance Subcommittees: Court System, Governor, Legislature, and University of Alaska. He was a member of the Ethics Committee, the Finance Committee, the Legislative Budget & Audit Joint Committee, and the Finance Subcommittees for Health & Social Services and Corrections. Harris contemplated running for Alaska governor in 2010 but dropped out of the race over fundraising concerns. Harris has asked Ben Stevens , former Alaska state senator and son of Ted Stevens , to resign from his position on the Republican National Committee. Stevens is under investigation for his ties to the oil field services company Veco Corp. In 2002, Harris offered an amendment that would have stopped an increase in state alcohol tax. In 2001, due to legal problems posed when pilots fly into Canada , he introduced a bill to change the law requiring pilots to carry a gun as part of their survival kit. He opposed a bill that would have stopped the minimum wage from increasing with inflation. ", ["2_691"]] [20692, "Donner is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon . It is located just to the northeast of the Mare Australe , behind the southeastern limb of the Moon. During favorable librations this part of the lunar surface can be brought into view of the Earth , but the site is viewed from the edge and so not much detail can be seen. This crater has a moderately eroded outer rim, and several small and tiny craterlets lie along the edge. A joined pair of small craters lie across the southern rim and inner wall. An unnamed, crater-like feature with about the same diameter as Donner is attached to the northern outer rim. The structure along the inner wall has been softened and rounded by a long history of minor impacts.The interior floor is relatively level, and is pock-marked by multiple tiny craterlets. There is a curving ridge in the southern part of the floor that is attached to the inner wall, and possibly forms the remnant of a small crater rim.By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Donner.", ["2_692"]] [20693, "Carnell House is a mansion house and estate near the village of Hurlford about 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) south-east of Kilmarnock in South Ayrshire, Scotland, 25 miles (40\u00a0km) from Glasgow. Carnell was previously known as Cairn Hill and dates back to 1276. The house is set within a 2000-acre Estate which is divided into gardens, woodlands and farms. The present form of the house dates back to 1843, although the earlier towers adjoin the newer additions.The house is home to the Findlay Family whose ancestry includes William Wallace. Ferrier-Hamilton, Hamilton-Findlay.It was built by the Wallace Family and in 1750 was referred to as \u2018Cairnhill\u2019 on General Roy's map of 1750. Colonel John Ferrier Hamilton later made considerable improvements to the Estate and in 1843 he commissioned William Burn to build a new house. Georgina Findlay-Hamilton, John's granddaughter, upon inheriting the estate in 1904, made further alterations and was responsible for initially cultivating the 10\u00a0acre gardens the estate has today. It then passed to her son-in-law and daughter, Commander and Mrs J B Findlay and then to her son John R Findlay in 1965. Garden House was built in 1973 inside the walled garden. The house is now owned by John's second son Michael who usually resides there with his family. The keep adjoining the house dates from the 15th century; it rises to three storeys and a garret , which has a parapet corbelled -out. The vaulted basement has a wide kitchen fireplace. This article about a Scottish building or structure is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_693"]] [20697, "Cresswell Pele Tower is in the village of Cresswell , situated overlooking the coast approximately 4 miles (6\u00a0km) to the north of Ashington , Northumberland , England . Cresswell Pele Tower was constructed in the 15th century as a defence against the Border Reivers . Unlike many of the 80 Pele towers in Northumberland, the Cresswell Tower is in a relatively good state of preservation.Since its construction the three-storey Pele Tower has had an interesting journey through time.The engraving shown on the Pele Tower Project websites, for example, is dated 1829 and shows the Pele Tower connected to Cresswell Hall, since demolished. The only remaining evidence of this union surviving above ground today is the front entrance of Cresswell Hall, now bricked up.The tower is a Grade II* Listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It was removed from Historic England's Heritage at Risk register after an extensive renovation completed in 2021, which included the addition of a brand-new wooden-framed roof.Cresswell Castle was probably built in the 15th century. The doorway on the ground floor is not the original entrance; the ground floor was used for storage, and was only accessible from above. The outline of the original entrance on the first floor can still be seen, but has been blocked up. The only way to get to the living quarters above is by a very narrow, twisty stone staircase which was designed to be easily defended.On the first floor, there was a kitchen, living area, and garderobe (toilet). The top floor was probably used for sleeping and would have been particularly cold and damp as there are no fireplaces at this level. There are stairs from here to the parapet that runs around the top of the tower. Next to the stairs is a faint inscription which is reputed to read \u201cWilliam Cresswell brave hero\u201d.In about 1750 a grand Mansion House was built onto the side of the tower. This house was demolished in about 1845. For some unknown reason the entrance doorway to the Mansion House was saved, and it can still be seen built into the field wall on the east side of the tower. It is visible on the right in the photo above.A sad local legend associated with the tower tells how a beautiful daughter of the Cresswell's had fallen in love with a young Danish prince. The couple made plans for the prince to cross the sea from Denmark and carry off the young girl to his home country where they were to be married.One day he landed on the shore and with great excitement she prepared to meet him. Then, to her horror, she watched her brothers ambush the prince and kill him. The girl, stricken with grief, could not be comforted. She lost all will to live and soon afterwards died of a broken heart.It is said that her ghost \u2013 in the form of a white lady - can still occasionally be seen gazing out to sea from the tower roof.", ["2_697"]] [20699, "The Banta-Coe House is a Dutch colonial-style historic home located on Lone Pine Lane in Teaneck , Bergen County , New Jersey , United States, overlooking the Hackensack River on the campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University . Dating back to the early 18th century, it is one of the oldest remaining colonial-era homes in New Jersey . From the time the house was originally constructed until its purchase by FDU, the home was owned by a sequence of four families. The Banta family owned the house during the 18th century and it was sold to the Coe family in the early 19th century. The Coe family owned the house for most of the 19th century, during which time they renovated the house and added a second story. The house was purchased by the Hampton family in 1940 who resided in the home until it was acquired by FDU in 1993, as its campus was enlarged further south of New Jersey Route 4 along the Hackensack River. When it was acquired by FDU the house had many original features, including hand-hewn wooden floors, though portions of the house had been updated in the 1960s. Plans were made in 2000 by FDU to create an environmental resource center in the house, which would be used to document the historic pollution of the Hackensack River and to document its cleanup and recovery. In 2006, FDU made plans to renovate the home, with possible uses for the home including use as a site for the university's historical archives of New Jersey on the upper level, while the lower level could be used for exhibition space. $30,000 was raised towards the renovation by the university, which was hoping to obtain a 3:2 matching grant from Bergen County . The house was added the National Register of Historic Places as Building #83001460 as of January 10, 1983, and was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places as #172 on November 3, 1980, as part of a \"Thematic Nomination of Early Stone Houses of Bergen County\". ", ["2_699"]] [20700, "Stevenson House is a historic home located at New Bern , Craven County, North Carolina . It was built about 1805, and is a 2 + 1 \u2044 2 -story, three-bay, side hall plan Federal style frame dwelling. It has a two-story east wing added in 1890, and a one-story modern kitchen added in 1957. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. This article about a property in Craven County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_700"]] [20701, "The Azio -class minelayer was a class of six minelayers conceived in 1920 and built between 1924 and 1927 in Italy for the Regia Marina . The ships were conceived for colonial purposes and in this role they spent almost the whole Italian career. Some units were sold to the Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela where they served until their decommissioning and scrapping in the early 1950s. These units had a standard displacement of 615 t, between 708 and 718t in normal load, 954 t full load (850 t according to other sources). Their waterline length was 58.79 metres (192.9\u00a0ft), with a length overall of about 62.5 metres (205\u00a0ft), a beam of 8.7 metres (29\u00a0ft), a draught of between 2.6 metres (8.5\u00a0ft) and 2.9 metres (9.5\u00a0ft). Steam was provided by 2 Thornycroft tube boilers and they were propelled by 2 vertical triple-expansion reciprocating steam engines with a power of 1,500 shaft horsepower (1,100\u00a0kW); they had 2 screws and a maximum speed of 15 knots (28\u00a0km/h; 17\u00a0mph), giving a range of 4,000 nautical miles (7,400\u00a0km) at 10 knots. They were manned by 5 officers and 66 ratings. Ships were built at Monfalcone , near Trieste , in the Cantiere Navale Triestino (CNT Shipyard) and at Ancona , on the central Italian coast, in the Cantiere Navale Riuniti (CNR, Ancona). The CNT ships ( Dardanelli , Millazo and Ostia ) were oil-fired, while the CNR ships ( Azio , Legnano and Ostia ) were coal-fired.Most ships of the class spent their Italian career on colonial duty, with Lepanto deployed to China. In 1937 Milazzo and Dardanelli were converted to oil-firing and sold to the Venezuelan Navy in exchange of a great amount of naphtha for boilers. Azio was initially assigned to Libya and later to the Red Sea Flotilla based at the port of Massawa, Eritrea , where it performed hydrographic survey from 1930 to 1933. In 1939, Azio was part of the naval force supporting the Italian invasion of Albania . After the entry of Italy in World War II in 1940, the unit, operating from Pola , laid down 21 minefields intended to deter enemy submarines in the Adriatic. Azio carried out minesweeping missions, escort duties and naval patrols. Azio 's wireless resources allowed it to be converted, if needed, into a command and control auxiliary ship. On 31 July 1941, while patrolling the Aegean Sea , Azio seized a British sailing ship involved in underground operations in support of Greek partisans in Peloponnese . At the time of the Cassabile armistice on 8 September 1943, Azio was part of the Dodecanese naval forces, and became the target of several Luftwaffe air strikes which forced it to seek shelter in Turkish waters. The Italian minelayer spent the rest of the war interned in Turkey. After its return to Italy, Azio was assigned once again to hydrographic duties until being decommissioning in 1957. Lepanto was extensively used in China, and when the Second World War broke out, was still there unscathed, Italy being allied with Japan. After the surrender of Italy to the Allies on 8 September 1943, Lepanto was scuttled by her crew, but was raised by the Japanese. She was renamed Okitsu (Japanese: \u8208\u6d25) and used for escort duties for the rest of conflict. She was then seized by the Republic of China Navy and renamed Hsien Ning (\u54b8\u5be7). In July 1950 Hsien Ning seized a British merchantman. Struck in 1956, the ship was scrapped in the same year. Ostia was assigned to support the Italian Red Sea Flotilla based at the port of Massawa, Eritrea. After the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940, the flotilla was isolated from the Italian homeland and continued supply and reinforcement became very difficult. Ostia was eventually sunk in Massawa harbor by British air attacks before the surrender of the port in April 1941, still carrying a full cargo of mines. Dardanelli was rechristened General Soublette , while Milazzo become General Urdaneta . Both were reclassified gunboats. These units were the only relatively new vessels of the Venezuelan Navy, [ citation needed ] and spent their Venezuelan career patrolling territorial waters until their decommissioning in the late 1940s or early 1950s and scrapping. ", ["2_701"]] [20702, "Clearwater County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho . As of the 2020 census , 8,734 people lived there. The county seat is Orofino . Founded in 1911, the county was named after the Clearwater River . The county is home to North Fork of the Clearwater River, and a small part of the South Fork and the main Clearwater. It is in the county are the Dworshak Reservoir, Dworshak State Park , Dworshak National Fish Hatchery , and the Dworshak Dam , third highest in the U.S. The modest Bald Mountain ski area is between Orofino and Pierce .", ["2_702"]] [20703, "Saginomiya Station ( \u9dfa\u30ce\u5bae\u99c5 , Saginomiya-eki ) is a railway station in Nakano, Tokyo , Japan. It is served by trains running on the private Seibu Railway 's Seibu Shinjuku Line between Seibu-Shinjuku (8.5\u00a0km away) in Tokyo and Hon-Kawagoe (39\u00a0km away) in Saitama Prefecture . Saginomiya Station opened on 16 April 1927. Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012, with Saginomiya Station becoming \"SS09\". The station has one island platform and one side platform serving three tracks.In fiscal 2016, the station was the 31st busiest on the Seibu network with an average of 31,671 passengers daily. The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.35\u00b043\u203221\u2033N 139\u00b038\u203220\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 35.7225\u00b0N 139.6389\u00b0E \ufeff / 35.7225; 139.6389", ["2_703"]] [20704, "Jaguar was the sixth and last Type 24 torpedo boat built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935) during the 1920s. The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. During World War II , she played a minor role in the Norwegian Campaign of 1940. Jaguar spent the next several months escorting minelayers as they laid minefields and damaged heavy ships back to Germany before she was transferred to France around September. She started laying minefields herself that month and continued to do so for the rest of the war. After a refit in early 1941, the boat was transferred to the Skaggerak where she was assigned escort duties. Jaguar returned to France in 1942 and was one of the escorts for the capital ships sailing from France to Germany through the English Channel in the Channel Dash . She helped to escort blockade runners , commerce raiders and submarines through the Channel and the Bay of Biscay , as well as Norwegian waters, for the next several years. The boat attacked Allied ships during the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944, but was sunk by British bombers that same month. Derived from the preceding Type 23 torpedo boat , the Type 24 was slightly larger and faster, but had a similar armament. The boats had an overall length of 92.6 meters (303\u00a0ft 10\u00a0in) and were 89 meters (292\u00a0ft) long at the waterline . They had a beam of 8.65 meters (28\u00a0ft 5\u00a0in), and a mean draft of 3.52 meters (11\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in). The Type 24s displaced 932 long tons (947 t ) at standard load and 1,319 long tons (1,340\u00a0t) at deep load . Wolf ' s pair of Brown-Boveri geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller, were designed to produce 23,000 metric horsepower (17,000 kW ; 23,000 shp ) using steam from three water-tube boilers which would propel the ship at 34 knots (63 km/h ; 39 mph ). The boats carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 1,997\u00a0nmi (3,698\u00a0km; 2,298\u00a0mi) at 17 knots (31\u00a0km/h; 20\u00a0mph). Their crew numbered 129 officers and sailors. As built, the Type 24s mounted three 10.5\u00a0cm (4.1\u00a0in) SK C/28 [ Note 1 ] guns, one forward and two aft of the superstructure , numbered one through three from bow to stern. They carried six above-water 50\u00a0cm (19.7\u00a0in) torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships and could also carry up to 30 mines . After 1931, the torpedo tubes were replaced by 533\u00a0mm (21\u00a0in) tubes and a pair of 2\u00a0cm (0.8\u00a0in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns were added. During the war a quadruple 2\u00a0cm mount was added just forward of No. 2 gun, three 2\u00a0cm guns were positioned around the aft funnel , another pair were mounted on the bridge wings , and a gun was added in front of the bridge , all in single mounts. Around 1944 a FuMB 4 Sumatra radar detector was installed as was radar . Jaguar was laid down at the Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven (Navy Yard) on 4 May 1927 as yard number 113, launched on 15 March 1928 and commissioned on 15 August 1929. The boat was initially assigned to the 3rd Torpedo Boat Half-Flotilla and by the end of 1936 she was assigned to the 3rd Torpedo Boat Flotilla. She made several deployments to Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Together with the torpedo boat Falke , Jaguar impounded six ships in the Skaggerak during an anti- contraband patrol in 14\u201316 December. She began a refit later that month at Weserm\u00fcnde that lasted until March 1940. During the Norwegian Campaign, Jaguar and Falke , among other ships, briefly rendered assistance to the torpedoed heavy cruiser L\u00fctzow before continuing onwards to Kristiansand on 11 April with reinforcements. On 4\u20135 June Falke and Jaguar provided the anti-submarine screen from Kiel , Germany, to the Skaggerak for an unsuccessful attempt to intercept the Allied convoys evacuating Northern Norway by the battleships Gneisenau and Scharnhorst and the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper . From 21\u201323 June, Jaguar was one of the escorts for the badly damaged Scharnhorst from Norway to Kiel. Now assigned to the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, Jaguar , and the torpedo boats Kondor , Falke , T2 , T7 and T8 escorted minelayers as they laid a minefield in the southwestern North Sea on 7\u20138 August. The flotilla escorted other minelaying missions in the same area on 14\u201315 August, 31 August \u2013 2 September and 6\u20137 September. Reinforced by her sister Wolf , the flotilla made an unsuccessful sortie off the Isle of Wight on 8\u20139 October. Jaguar and her sister Iltis laid a minefield off Dover on 29\u201330 October and then again on 2\u20133 December. Jaguar and Iltis laid a minefield off Eastbourne on 25\u201326 February and then again on 5\u20136 March. The pair escorted Scharnhorst and Gneisenau into Brest, France on 22 March after their North Atlantic raid. Jaguar began a refit the following month in Rotterdam , Netherlands , that lasted until May. She was transferred afterwards to the Skagerrak where she was on convoy escort duties until October. The ship rejoined the 5th Flotilla in France by February 1942. The flotilla joined the escort force for Scharnhorst , Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen on 12 February off Cap Gris-Nez during the Channel Dash. From 12 March to 2 April, the flotilla escorted the commerce raider Michel through the Channel despite heavy British attacks, damaging the British destroyers HMS Walpole and Fernie . In September and October, Jaguar was one of the escorts for German blockade runners sailing from ports in the Bay of Biscay en route to Japan. On 11 March 1943, Jaguar and the torpedo boat Greif were among the escorts for the battleships Tirpitz and Scharnhorst as they moved from Trondheim , Norway, to Bogen Bay , and continued onward to Altafjord with L\u00fctzow and the light cruiser N\u00fcrnberg from 22 to 24 March. Jaguar , Greif , and the destroyer Z4 Richard Beitzen screened N\u00fcrnberg from Harstad to Trondheim and then to Kiel between 27 April and 3 May. On 3\u20137 May, Jaguar , Greif , the torpedo boat M\u00f6we escorted minelayers in the North Sea as they laid new minefields. In June the boats returned to the Bay of Biscay to help escort U-boats through the Bay and continued to do so into early August. The 4th and 5th Torpedo Boat Flotillas, consisting Jaguar , M\u00f6we , Greif , Kondor , and the torpedo boats T27 and T29 laid minefields off Le Havre and F\u00e9camp , France, on 21 and 22 March 1944. The flotilla was ordered to transfer from Cherbourg to Le Havre and departed on the night of 23/24 May. Jaguar , Greif , Falke , Kondor and M\u00f6we were attacked by Allied aircraft early the next day and Greif was struck by two bombs and later sank. As the Allies began landing in Normandy on 6 June, the 5th Flotilla, now consisting of Jaguar , Falke , M\u00f6we and T28 , sortied multiple times from Le Havre over the next week in attempts to sink Allied shipping. Despite the expenditure of over 50 torpedoes and large quantities of ammunition, they were generally unsuccessful, only sinking the destroyer HNoMS Svenner on 6 June. During an air raid by heavy bombers of RAF Bomber Command on the night of 14/15 June against the harbour and the German warships there, Jaguar and Falke were sunk by bombs. ", ["2_704"]] [20707, "Alberta Masiello (20 November 1915 \u2013 25 December 1990), was an assistant-conductor and opera coach at the Metropolitan Opera ; a panelist in the Saturday afternoon Metropolitan Opera Quiz on the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts , and teacher at the Juilliard School and at Mannes School of Music . Alberta Masiello was born in Milan , Italy. Her grandfather Giuseppe La Puma (1870\u20131940), was a Basso buffo opera singer who created the role of Cornelius in the world premiere of Pietro Mascagni \u2019s opera Isabeau (1911). La Puma also founded the Mascagni Centre of Culture. Giuseppe La Puma's daughter (Masiello's mother), was Giuseppina La Puma, who moved to New York in 1933 with Masiello. La Puma became impresario and changed her name to Josephine La Puma. Her 'La Puma Opera Workshop' in New York was an alternative to the established mainstream opera companies in the city, providing young artists, including Alberta Masiello, with professional opportunities. Alberta Masiello's father was the opera singer Ottavio Masiello. Alberta Masiello studied singing with Fernanda Rapisardi in Milan, and piano with Renzo Lorenzoni at the Milan Conservatory , (Conservatorio di musica \"Giuseppe Verdi\" di Milano), with a diploma, 1932 and at The Juilliard School . Ernest Hutcheson, the president of Juilliard, took an interest in Masiello and helped her start a career as a pianist. After graduating from Juilliard, Masiello studied voice with Paul Althouse, Desire Defrere and Mme. Anna Sch\u00f6n-Ren\u00e9 . Margaret Mara describes Masiello in 1932 as \"simple, unaffected in manner. Tall, lithesome, brown haired. Her dark eyes are eloquent as are her graceful hands which flutter expressively as she talks. She has not yet mastered our language and many times during our visit she called upon her mother for conversational assistance. For her mother has had eight years of residence in the United States while Alberta stayed in Milan with her maternal grandmother to finish her studies.\" In 1934 Masiello worked as part of a twelve piano ensemble billed as the \"twelve Grands\" in Radio City music hall. She later performed using her married name, Alberta Masiello Bosco. Numerous recitals as pianist and accompanist, an activity spanning from 1939 when she performed at the White House, performances in Carnegie hall as well as recordings and broadcasts with singers till the 70s. Her husband, Joseph Bosco, died in 1966. In the early 1940s Masiello performed in clubs with Bertlies Weinschenk (also known by her married name as Lys Simonette, and after 1945 Kurt Weill \u2019s assistant) as the two-piano team, \"Yola and Lisa\" (the Mexican sisters). Between 1944 and 1949 Masiello sang mezzo-soprano roles in regional companies, including Amneris, Herodias and Azucena and Carmen at the New York City Opera Company and in Fort Worth. Her vocal career was brief. \"I never liked my voice tremendously\", she claimed. Between 1949 and 1959 she worked at the New York City Opera , the Lyric Opera of Chicago and the Dallas Opera (where Masiello collaborated with Maria Callas in her capacity as chorus conductor). Masiello joined the Metropolitan Opera in 1959. During her twenty-one-year tenure there she became an icon of what an assistant conductor can do. Osie Hawkins, Met executive stage manager, referred to her as 'an orchestra in herself', \"for she had the reputation of being able to play the score of Pell\u00e9as et Melisande note perfect, not to mention a very convincing hot jazz repertory\". At the Met she was also known for her wry humour. During a rehearsal for Carmen with the conductor Leonard Bernstein, \"when the first verse of the \"Habanera\" ended and a break was called, she head-snappingly startled everyone on that stage by quietly breaking into the strains of the Chopin Funeral March. \"An opinion or a prophecy?\" someone inquired. \"An opinion\" was her enigmatic reply. She retired from the Met in 1981 and continued teaching opera singers, pianists and conductors until her death in 1990. In 1979 Masiello received the Award for Professional Excellence from the National Opera Institute (San Francisco). Her archive is at the New York Public Library . During her lifetime Masiello prepared singers and conductors, such as Franco Corelli , Ren\u00e9e Fleming , Marko Lampas (Lamas), Paul Plishka and Marilyn Horne . Masiello was instrumental in coaching Maria Callas during a vocal crisis, teaching her daily in her studio at the Juilliard School . As a pianist, she worked with June Anderson , Karan Armstrong Gilda Cruz-Romo , Gianna Rolandi , Katherine Ciesinski , Mario del Monaco , Jessye Norman , Samuel Ramey , Renata Tebaldi and Christine Weidinger . Masiello did not conduct opera performances, but worked with coaches and pianists at her master classes at the Juilliard School and running the opera department at Mannes. Among her coaching students are David Leighton, Ann Lewin, Ben Malensek, Anthony (Toni) Manoli, Nic Muni and Eytan Pessen .Masiello was known to be a chain-smoker of thin brown cigarettes. She kept this habit to the end of her life, sitting in a wheelchair giving master classes in her studio, located a block away from the Juilliard School . As a teacher she would avoid first names, addressing students formally. According to Anthony Manoly, \"Madame Masiello was always a stickler for pianists knowing how to \"flutter\" the pedal and sing with a beautiful limpid legato produced by a fine balance of legato playing with the fingers in addition to proper pedal usage. She also insisted that all pianists have a fine understanding of the orchestral scores of the opera you were coaching or playing for her that day. If you didn't have access to the score, she would direct you to her closet of full orchestra scores. She would say, \"What do you see\"? After you answered what you observed in the orchestral score, she would sternly reply \"then PLAY IT\"!!\". Masiello was also a strict stylist, bandying the vast Zingarelli Italian dictionary to check open and closed vowels, and fighting for clean portamento-free singing. As Harvey E. Phillips tells of Masiello's rehearsal with Soprano Christine Weidinger , \" 'Make sure those releases are clean', said the blond-haired Masiello, her pearl earrings shaking as she suppressed a persistent smoker's cough, \"and no portamento , God forbid!\" Referring to Alberta Masiello's radio broadcasts, the New York Times critic John Rockwell wrote that Masiello's \"store of knowledge and imperious manner beguiled listeners for more than 30 years\". According to American Bass Paul Plishka, Masiello \"was one of the great, great people who influenced generations of singers in her lifetime. I was very upset at the New York Times obituary, which was very brief and gave the impression that she was merely an opera coach. You could have written an entire book about her work, and she deserved front page coverage. She was, a profound inspiration in my career and in so many others.\" ", ["2_707"]] [20709, "Herman Finck (4 November 1872 \u2013 21 April 1939) was a British composer and conductor of Dutch extraction. Born Hermann Van Der Vinck in London, he began his studies training at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and established a career as the musical director at the Palace Theatre in London (from 1900 until 1920), with whose orchestra he made many virtuoso recordings. During these decades, he was also a principal conductor at the Queen's Theatre, at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and at Southport . Finck was a prolific composer throughout the 1910s and 1920s. He composed around thirty theatre shows of most types - operettas (such as Decameron Nights ), ballets (like My Lady Dragon Fly ), incidental music, revues (annual revues Round the Map and The Passing Show were especially popular), plus songs, \"mood music\" for the silent cinema and many light orchestral pieces - suites such as Vive La Danse and Marie Antoinette , marches such as Pageant March , Guards Parade March , Splendour and Victory and the individual genre movements Dancing Daffodils , Dignity and Impudence , Land of Roses , Penguin Parade and Queen of the Flowers .Finck also conducted the first record album ever made (in 1909) of Tchaikovsky 's Nutcracker Suite . The Palace Theatre was famous not only for its orchestra, but also for the beautiful Palace Girls, who had many dances composed by Finck in their honour. In 1911 the Palace Girls performed a song and dance number, which was originally called \"Tonight\", but became hugely popular as a romantic instrumental piece \"In The Shadows\". This is the most enduring composition of Finck, largely because \"In The Shadows\" was one of the last numbers played on the Titanic and has thus made its way into several Titanic-collections. [ citation needed ]Another popular song, during the World War I was \"Gilbert the Filbert\" (also called \"The K-Nuts\"). It was performed in The Passing Show of 1914 by the popular Basil Hallam , who became Captain B. H. Radford and died in 1916 when his parachute failed to open. Finck also conducted the first London stage production of Show Boat , in 1928. This was the first production of Show Boat to include Paul Robeson in its cast.His illustrated autobiography, \"My melodious memories\" was published in 1937. The Divine Art Recordings Group (UK and USA) released on its Diversions label, in February 2012, the first CD album dedicated to the music of Herman Finck, performed by the orchestra and principals of the Bel-Etage Theatre from Estonia , conducted by Mart Sander . In addition to Finck's most popular tunes \"Gilbert the Filbert\" and \"In The Shadows\" (vocal version), this CD also includes several popular dances, patriotic World War I songs and hits from the revues and musicals, as well as two full orchestral suites - My Lady Dragonfly and the magnificently symphonic Decameron Nights , which had not had a revival since 1923.In 2012, Divine Music CD label released The Finck Album , the first modern recording of Finck's music, performed by the principals and orchestra of the Bel-Etage Theatre in Tallinn , Estonia , conducted by Mart Sander . ", ["2_709"]] [20710, "The Waveney-class lifeboat was the first class of lifeboats operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) capable of operating at speeds in excess of 10 knots (12\u00a0mph). Based on an American design, 22 saw operational service between 1964 and 1999 at the RNLI's stations around the coast of the United Kingdom and Ireland . After being superseded by faster boats in the 1990s, many were sold for further use with lifeboat services abroad, notably in Australia and New Zealand . The class name comes from the River Waveney which discharges into the North Sea at Great Yarmouth .In the 1960s the RNLI's fleet consisted of motor lifeboats of limited speed due to the shape of their hulls. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) had developed a 44-foot motor lifeboat which planed across the surface of the water, the consequence of which is a reduced wetted surface area to the hull, and therefore a much higher speed. One was built for the RNLI by the USCG in Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard , Maryland , and this was put through extensive trials and proved capable of operating in restricted spaces, even though the propellers lacked the usual protection afforded to lifeboats. The prototype was never given a name although the crews nicknamed it \"The Yank\". It entered trials in 1964 but the first production boats did not start to emerge until 1967. After six had been placed in service there was a hiatus which lasted until 1974 when production was restarted, and then continued through until 1982 by which time 22 were in service. The entire fleet was replaced between 1996 and 1999 as new Trent and Severn lifeboats came into service, but many were sold for further use as lifeboats or pilot boats. The boats launched in 1967 and 1968 were built by Brooke Marine at Lowestoft and those in 1974/5 by Groves and Gutteridge in Cowes . The 1976/7 batch came from Bideford Ship Yard and the last three from Fairey Marine in Cowes. Two 50-foot (15\u00a0m) long versions were built as the first of a proposed fleet of Thames-class lifeboats but the class was cancelled in favour of an Arun class with a different hull shape and improved crew facilities. The steel hull is 44\u00a0feet 10\u00a0inches (13.67\u00a0m) long and 12\u00a0feet 8\u00a0inches (3.86\u00a0m) wide, drawing 4\u00a0feet 2\u00a0inches (1.27\u00a0m) of water. The hull is divided into seven watertight compartments including two survivor compartments and a crew space. The coxswain operates the boat from an open wheelhouse. Powered by a pair of diesel engines, it has an operating radius of 95 nautical miles (176\u00a0km). The prototype was built with twin 200 brake horsepower (150\u00a0kW) Cummins V-6 engines but in 1973 was upgraded to 250\u00a0bhp (190\u00a0kW) Ford Mermaid 595T 6-cylinder engines. The first batch of production boats were initially built with pairs of 215\u00a0bhp (160\u00a0kW) Cummins V-6 engines. All these, including the by then re-engined prototype were fitted in the early 1980s with 203\u00a0bhp (151\u00a0kW) Caterpillar D3208 V-8 engines. The Groves & Guttridge built boats of 1974/5 had more powerful 260\u00a0bhp (190\u00a0kW) General Motors V-8 engines which they retained throughout their service life. The four boats of the 1976/7 Bideford Ship Yard build were originally fitted with 250\u00a0bhp Ford Mermaid 595T 6-cylinder engines but these were changed within five years for 250\u00a0bhp Caterpillar D3208T V-8 engines as had by then been fitted to the three final boats. RVCP Royal Volunteer Coastal Patrol was formed in 1937. In 2008 it amalgamated with Australian Volunteer Coast Guard and Volunteer Rescue Association to form Marine Rescue New South Wales.The Royal New Zealand Coastguard Federation, now Royal New Zealand Coastguard is the primary civilian marine search and rescue organisation for New Zealand. Unlike a number of other countries, the organisation is a non-governmental, civilian charitable organisation, with no enforcement powers.", ["2_710"]] [20711, "Sir Wilfrid Laurier Park ( French : Parc Sir-Wilfrid-Laurier ) is an urban park in the Le Plateau-Mont-Royal borough of Montreal , Quebec , Canada. It is bordered by Laurier Avenue East to the south, De Br\u00e9beuf Street to the east, Saint Gr\u00e9goire Street to the north and De Mentana Street to the west. It is crossed by a north\u2013south bicycle path . The path enters the park at Br\u00e9beuf Street (corner Laurier) in the south and ends on Christophe Colomb Avenue (corner Saint Gr\u00e9goire) in the north. The park's area is 10.8 hectares (27 acres).It was named in honor of The Right Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier on May 29, 1925. Laurier served as Canada's seventh Prime Minister , from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911.The park contains a soccer field , two baseball fields , a public swimming pool , a horseshoes sandbox, a p\u00e9tanque terrain and a dog park . In the western part of the park, there is a playground with slides, swings and a sandbox for children.The Laurier Centre, located in the heart of the park, is the location of community activities. In winter, it is used as a cottage for skaters.On October 12, 1959, the Mayor of Montreal unveiled the Monument \u00e0 Isabelle la Catholique in the park. The bust of Queen Isabella of Castile (also known as Isabella the Catholic) was created by Jos\u00e9 Planes. The bronze, copper, and granite sculpture was donated by The Consulate General of Spain to the City of Montreal on behalf of the Institute of Hispanic Culture in Madrid to mark the 467th anniversary of the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus . Queen Isabella was responsible for the murdering, expulsion and forced conversion on Muslims, People of Colour , as well of about 1/4 of Spains population who were Jewish.", ["2_711"]] [20712, "Diaolou ( simplified Chinese : \u7889\u697c ; traditional Chinese : \u7889\u6a13 ) are fortified multi-storey watchtowers in rural villages, generally made of reinforced concrete . These towers are located mainly in Kaiping , Guangdong province, China. In 2007, UNESCO designated the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages ( \u5f00\u5e73\u7889\u697c\u4e0e\u6751\u843d ) a World Heritage Site, which covers four separate Kaiping village areas: Sanmenli ( \u4e09\u95e8\u91cc ), Zilicun ( \u81ea\u529b\u6751 ), Jinjiangli ( \u9526\u6c5f\u91cc ), and Majianglong village cluster ( \u9a6c\u964d\u9f99\u6751\u843d\u7fa4 ). These areas demonstrate a unique fusion of 19th- and 20th-century Chinese and Western architectural styles. Diaolou structures were built from the time of the Ming dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak during the Warlord Era in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese , when there were more than three thousand of these structures. Today, approximately 1,800 diaolou remain standing, and mostly abandoned, in the village countryside of Kaiping . They can also occasionally be found in several other areas of Guangdong , such as Shenzhen and Dongguan . The earliest standing diaolou in Kaiping is Yinglong Lou ( \u8fce\u9f99\u697c ) in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), built by the Guan lineage during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1522\u20131566). It was a massive three-storey rectangular fortress with one-meter thick walls, with little resemblance with the high tower diaolous built four centuries later. Yinglong Lou was renovated in 1919 and is 11.4 meters high. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, because of poverty and social instabilities, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, one of the \"pre-eminent sending area\" of overseas Chinese. Diaolous built during the chaotic early 20th century were most numerous around the centers of emigration. Monies from emigrants wanting to ensure the security of their families, villages, or clan lineages were used to fund the diaolou. Although the diaolous were built mainly as protection against forays by bandits, many of them also served as living quarters. Some of them were built by a single family, some by several families together or by entire village communities. Kaiping became also a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese. As a result, the villagers built their diaolou to incorporate architectural features from China and from the West. It was not until after 1949 when an administrative system that extended down to the small villages was created that the diaolou lost their defensive purpose and were then abandoned or converted. Still, they stand as a tribute to overseas Chinese culture and the perseverance of the peasants of Kaiping. In 2007, UNESCO named the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages ( \u5f00\u5e73\u7889\u697c\u4e0e\u6751\u843d ) a World Heritage Site . UNESCO wrote, \" ...the Diaolou ... display a complex and flamboyant fusion of Chinese and Western structural and decorative forms. They reflect the significant role of \u00e9migr\u00e9 Kaiping people in the development of several countries in South Asia, Australasia, and North America, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the close links between overseas Kaiping and their ancestral homes. The property inscribed here consists of four groups of Diaolou, totaling some 1,800 tower houses in their village settings. \" The four restored groups of Kaiping diaolou are in: Zilicun village ( \u81ea\u529b\u6751 ) of Tangkou township ( \u5858\u53e3\u9547 ), Sanmenli village ( \u4e09\u95e8\u91cc ) of Chikan township ( \u8d64\u574e\u9547 ), Majianglong cluster ( \u9a6c\u964d\u9f99 ) of Baihe township ( \u767e\u5408\u9547 ), and Jinjiangli village ( \u9526\u6c5f\u91cc ) of Xiangang township ( \u86ac\u5188\u9547 ).The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly ( \u8ba9\u5b50\u5f39\u98de ). Yinglong Lou ( \u8fce\u9f99\u697c ), located in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), was built by the Guan ( \u5173\u65cf ) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522\u20131566). As the oldest preserved diaolou in Kaiping, it retains the primitive model of a watchtower with traditional square structure and is not influenced by western architectural styles.Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster ( \u9526\u6c5f\u91cc\u7889\u697c\u7fa4 ), situated behind Jinjiangli Village (Xiangang Township) of the Huang ( \u9ec4 ) family, includes three exquisite diaolous: Ruishi Lou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou. Ruishi Diaolou , constructed in 1921, has nine floors and is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping. It features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome.Majianglong Diaolou cluster ( \u9a6c\u964d\u9f99\u7889\u697c\u7fa4 ) is spread across five villages (Baihe township) in a bamboo forest: Yong'an and Nan'an Villages of the Huang ( \u9ec4 ) family; Hedong , Qinglin , and Longjiang Villages of the Guan ( \u5173 ) family. Tianlu Lou (Tower of Heavenly Success), located in Yong'an Village, was built in 1922 and is seven storeys tall plus a rooftop floor.Zilicun Diaolou Cluster ( \u81ea\u529b\u6751\u7889\u697c\u7fa4 ), located in Zilicun Village (Tangkou township), includes nine diaolous, the largest number among the four Kaiping villages designated by UNESCO. They feature the fusion of Chinese and various Western architectural styles and rise up surrealistically over the rice paddy fields.Fangshi Denglou (Fang Clan Watch Tower) \u2013 Built in 1920 after contributions from villagers, this denglou is five stories high. It is referred to as the \"Light Tower\" because of an enormous searchlight with a brightness much like that of a lighthouse.Li Garden , in Beiyi Xiang, was constructed in 1936 by Mr. Xie Weili, a Chinese emigrant to the United States.Bianchouzhu Lou (The Leaning Tower), located in Nanxing Village ( \u5357\u5174\u6751 ) in Xiangang township, was constructed in 1903. It has seven floors and overlooks a pond.", ["2_712"]] [20713, "Kurortny District ( Russian : \u041a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0301\u043d ) is a district of the federal city of St.\u00a0Petersburg (since 1994), Russia , located on the Karelian Isthmus along the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland . As of the 2010 Census , its population: was\u00a070,589; up from\u00a067,511 recorded in the 2002 Census . Kurortny District comprises two municipal towns ( Sestroretsk and Zelenogorsk ) and nine municipal settlements ( Beloostrov , Komarovo , Molodyozhnoye , Pesochny , Repino , Serovo , Smolyachkovo , Solnechnoye , and Ushkovo ). Tourism in the district is driven by Finnish bus tours. The current hotel stock is predominantly economy class, with a few four star hotels. Plans to develop the region's hotel stock are coming to fruition, but the area lacks strong tourist demand. [ citation needed ]A large hospital and rehabilitation center is situated in Sestroretsk .", ["2_713"]] [20714, "The Ascension Episcopal Church and Rectory (built (1874\u201376) are a historic church building and associated clergy house in Cove , Oregon , United States . The church and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. As of 2014, the buildings form part of the Ascension School Camp and Conference Center, operated by the Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Oregon . This article about a property in Oregon on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a church or other Christian place of worship in Oregon is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_714"]] [20715, "Theo Timmer (born 6 March 1949) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from the Netherlands . He had his best season in 1981 when he won the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix and finished the season in second place, behind Ricardo Tormo . In 1972 and 1973 he was third in the championship. He built most of his own motorcycles. Jan Thiel and Martin Mijwaart were his teachers. The engine marks he used were Jamathi, Kreidler , Bultaco , Casal and Morbidelli . He was twice national champion. This biographical article related to Dutch sports is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This motorcycle racing biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_715"]] [20717, "Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin KBE (born 13 September 1940) is a Cook Islands politician and former police officer, who was the 6th Queen's Representative to the Cook Islands . Goodwin was born on Rarotonga on 13 September 1940. He joined the Cook Islands Police in 1956. He served as a constable, then joined the New Zealand Police Force for a short time, before returning to the Cook Islands, where he eventually rose to the rank of Police Superintendent. On 17 September 1960, Goodwin married Mary Upokoina Teariki Tuavera at Matavera , Rarotonga. Goodwin was elected to the Cook Islands Parliament at the 1978 election , representing the seat of Te Au O Tonga for the Democratic Party . He served as assistant minister of energy and works in the government of Tom Davis . He then worked as a public servant, before being appointed as Queen's Representative in 2001. In the Birthday Honours 2004 Goodwin was appointed as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services to the community . The decision to reappoint Goodwin for another three-year term as Queen's Representative was made in February 2010, and the Queen of New Zealand signed the warrant of appointment in July, to be effective 10 August 2010. Goodwin stepped down from the role as Queen's Representative on 27 July 2013, being replaced by former Cook Islands Cabinet Minister Tom Marsters .Goodwin's sister-in-law is MP and Deputy Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament Cassey Eggelton . This Cook Islands biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_717"]] [20718, "Frank Press (December 4, 1924 \u2013 January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist . He was an advisor to four U.S. presidents, and later served two consecutive terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981\u20131993). He was the author of 160 scientific papers and co-author of the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth . Press served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and was appointed by President Richard Nixon to the National Science Board . In 1977 he was appointed President Jimmy Carter 's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy , serving until 1981. Born in Brooklyn , New York, Press graduated with a B.S. degree from the City College of New York (1944) and completed his M.A. (1946) and Ph.D. (1949) degrees at Columbia University under Maurice \"Doc\" Ewing . As one of Ewing's two assistant professors, (with J. Lamar \"Joe\" Worzel as the other) Press was a co-founder of Lamont Geological Observatory (now Lamont\u2013Doherty Earth Observatory ) in Palisades, N.Y. Originally trained as an oceanographer , Press participated in research cruises on the sailing vessels RV Vema and RV Atlantis .In the early 1950s, Press turned to seismology , co-authoring with Ewing and Jardetzky a seminal monograph on elastic waves in layered media. In 1957, Press was recruited by Caltech to succeed founder Beno Gutenberg as director of the Seismological Laboratory , a position in which he remained until 1965. The appointment was controversial in that it passed over both Hugo Benioff and Charles Richter , then the laboratory's senior professors, for a much younger outsider.Press' accomplishments in this period include the design of a long-period seismograph , and the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of oscillation (\"bell ringing\"), excited by the Great Chilean earthquake , a pioneering application of digital processing to seismic recordings. Press was also closely involved in the construction of a lunar seismograph, first deployed by the Apollo 11 astronauts (see Lunar seismology ).In 1965, Press moved to MIT as department head of Earth and Planetary Sciences, where, with significant support from philanthropist Cecil H. Green , he revitalized what had been an overly traditional geology department by hiring new faculty members. He remained at MIT until 1976, and during this time, his work included collaborations with Vladimir Keilis-Borok and Leon Knopoff on computer pattern matching techniques that could be applied to earthquake prediction .In 1976, Press became Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy . In his capacity, he addressed a memo to the president on fossil fuels and climate change. He played a key role in the formation of the National Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People\u2019s Republic of China . In 1981 he was elected president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was re-elected in 1987, serving for a total of 12 years.In 1996, Press co-founded WAG (the Washington Advisory Group, later known as the Advisory Group at Huron), a global consulting company with clients that included approximately 50 leading universities. WAG played a notable role all phases of the founding of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal , Saudi Arabia . Press chaired that university's international advisory committee until 2010.Press was the recipient of 30 honorary degrees. Named in his honor are Mount Press , which in the Ellsworth Mountains , Antarctica ; and Osedax frankpressi , a species of whalebone-eating marine worm.Press died on January 29, 2020, at the age of 95. He was the father of physicist William H. Press . ", ["2_718"]] [20719, "Higashiura Station ( \u6771\u6d66\u99c5 , Higashiura-eki ) is a railway station in the town of Higashiura , Chita District , Aichi Prefecture , Japan , operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR T\u014dkai). It is also a freight terminal for the Kinuura Rinkai Railway . Higashiura Station is served by the Taketoyo Line , and is located 6.8 kilometers from the starting point of the line at \u014cbu Station .The station has two opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station has automated ticket machines , TOICA automated turnstiles and is unattended.Before the construction and opening of Higashiura Station, Owari-Ikuji Station (6.0 km from Obu) and Fujie Station (7.2 km from Obu) existed in North and South of the station. Higashiura Station was opened on November 11, 1944 after the two stations were closed and deconstructed, as a passenger station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), which became the Japanese National Railways (JNR) after World War II . Small parcel services began in 1947, and freight services in 1948. Freight services were discontinued in January 1960; however, the Kinuura Rinkai Railway opened the Hekinan Line on May 25, 1977, which restored freight service to the station. With the privatization and dissolution of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of JR Central. Automatic turnstiles were installed in May 1992, and the TOICA system of magnetic fare cards was implemented in November 2006. Station numbering was introduced to the Taketoyo Line in March 2018; Higashiura Station was assigned station number CE04. In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1880 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Media related to Higashiura Station at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_719"]] [20720, "The William J. Barnard Residence , also known as Green Shadows and the Thornbury Lodge, is an historic, American home that is located in Thornbury Township , Chester County, Pennsylvania . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Designed by W.E. Jackson in 1900, this historic building was completed in 1907. Jackson was a student of Wilson Eyre , a noted Philadelphia architect.This building is a two-story, banked stone dwelling that is faced in rubble \"Brandywine Granite.\" It features a steeply pitched slate gable roof with cross gable. Also located on the property is a contributing former stable that was converted to a residence known as Green Echo. This property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. ", ["2_720"]] [20721, "Munsey's Magazine was an American magazine founded by Frank Munsey in 1889 as Munsey's Weekly , a humor magazine edited by John Kendrick Bangs . It was unsuccessful, and by late 1891 had lost $100,000 ($3.39\u00a0million in 2023). Munsey converted it into an illustrated general monthly in October of that year, retitled Munsey's Magazine and priced at twenty-five cents ($8.48 in 2023). Richard Titherington became the editor, and remained in that role throughout the magazine's existence. In 1893 Munsey cut the price to ten cents ($3.39 in 2023). This brought him into conflict with the American News Company , which had a near-monopoly on magazine distribution, as they were unwilling to handle the magazine at the price Munsey proposed. Munsey started his own distribution company and was quickly successful: the first ten cent issue began with a print run of 20,000 copies but eventually sold 60,000, and within a year circulation had risen to over a quarter of a million copies. Munsey's Magazine included both fiction and non-fiction on art, music and the theatre, and celebrities. In 1893 Munsey became one of the first publishers to regularly depict a pretty young woman on the cover , and circulation was also boosted by the liberal use of illustrations. During the mid-1890s Munsey's often included images of nude and semi-nude women, though this became less common later in the decade. Circulation peaked at about 700,000 in 1897, and fluctuated thereafter until the 1910s, when it began to decline. The magazine became fiction-only in 1921. Many popular writers appeared in its pages, including O. Henry , H. Rider Haggard , Arthur Conan Doyle , Bret Harte , Max Brand , Edgar Rice Burroughs , P. G. Wodehouse , Joseph Conrad , and Ella Wheeler Wilcox . By 1924 circulation had dwindled to 64,000 and in 1929 the magazine was merged with Argosy , another of Munsey's magazines.\nThe price cut from twenty-five cents to ten cents is considered by historians to have been the start of a revolution in magazine publishing. Before 1893, the bulk of most magazines' income came from the sale of subscriptions , though advertising was another source. Munsey's Magazine showed that it was possible to set a low price in order to increase circulation and attract sufficient advertising revenue to make a substantial profit. Other magazines, notably McClure's and Cosmopolitan , quickly followed suit, but it was not until 1904 that Everybody's Magazine managed to outstrip Munsey's circulation, reaching a figure of almost a million.In 1882 Frank Munsey moved from Augusta, Maine , to New York City, intending to launch a children's magazine. His main investor soon pulled out, leaving Munsey without enough capital to publish the magazine himself; instead he persuaded an existing publisher, E. G. Rideout, to take it on, with Munsey as manager and editor. The magazine was titled The Golden Argosy , and the first issue was dated December 2, 1882. Rideout went bankrupt in early 1883, and Munsey took over as publisher. The magazine was not initially profitable, and for years Munsey was under immense financial pressure. An advertising campaign in 1886 brought a surge in circulation to 115,000, [ note 1 ] but this was temporary, and though Munsey experimented with The Golden Argosy , shortening the title to just The Argosy , and changing the page size and page count, he was unable to reverse the decline. In 1889 Munsey launched Munsey's Weekly , hoping that it would establish itself as profitable before The Argosy failed completely. The first issue of Munsey's Weekly was dated February 2, 1889. It was 36 pages long, in quarto format, [ note 2 ] and priced at ten cents ($3.39 in 2023). The contents were satire and comedy: it was aimed at the same market as Life . Munsey hired John Kendrick Bangs as the founding editor; at the time Bangs was working for Harper's , but only for two afternoons a week, leaving him time to take on other responsibilities. At Harper's he was responsible for \"The Editor's Drawer\", a long-established humorous column. Bangs found Munsey to be difficult to work for; Bangs was used to a relaxed relationship with his previous publisher, but Munsey was constantly asking him about his work. By this time Munsey had written several novels for The Golden Argosy , and he submitted one, titled A Tragedy of Errors , to Bangs, who rejected it. Munsey insisted on running the story, and Bangs serialized it, but offered his resignation from the editorship. His last issue was in June. Bangs and Munsey remained on good terms, and Bangs subsequently sold work to Munsey, both for Munsey's Magazine (as the Weekly was later retitled) and for the Daily Continent , a short-lived tabloid version of the daily paper the New York Star , which Munsey acquired for a few months in 1891. The magazine continued without a named editor for two more years, managed by the same team that was running The Argosy . In February 1890 Munsey bought another humorous weekly, Time (launched in 1884 as Tid-bits ) and merged the subscription list with Munsey's Weekly . Munsey claimed that the acquisition would increase the Weekly ' s circulation from 26,000 to nearly 50,000. A review in Printers' Ink that month commented that none of the weekly papers paid well for syndicated writers, with Munsey's Weekly in the middle of the pack at $5 per column ($170 in 2023); only two magazines paid more than $5, and several paid less. Circulation stayed below 40,000, which was not enough to meet its costs, and in two and a half years the magazine lost over $100,000 ($3.39\u00a0million in 2023). In October 1891 Munsey changed the Weekly to a monthly, titled Munsey's Magazine , and Richard Titherington, one of Munsey's earliest employees, was given the editorship. The size was reduced from quarto to standard, [ note 3 ] with 96 pages per issue, and the price increased to twenty-five cents ($8.48 in 2023). The following April Munsey acquired The Epoch , a general magazine that had been launched in February 1887 by DeWitt Seligman as a ten-cent weekly, and merged it with Munsey's . The change to a monthly schedule did not help the circulation of Munsey's . The financial pressure on Munsey intensified, but he was able to obtain a loan for $8,000 ($271,000 in 2023) through an old friend, John Fogler, who was at that time working for the First National Bank of Leavenworth in Kansas. In the Panic of 1893 the bank called in the loan, and Munsey offered Fogler half-ownership in his publishing company if he would take on the loan. Fogler declined and Munsey was forced to borrow the money elsewhere, at 18% interest. Late in 1893 Munsey lowered the price of Munsey's to ten cents. This was not a completely new idea: the Ladies' Home Journal was priced at ten cents (and had been launched earlier in the decade at only five cents), though it was targeted at women rather than a general audience. Some of the established general magazines were also retreating from the older standard of twenty-five or thirty-five cents: McClure's was launched in June 1893 at fifteen cents, and Cosmopolitan cut its price to twelve and a half cents the next month. The Epoch , which Munsey had acquired in 1892 and merged with Munsey's , had cost ten cents, but there had been no successful general illustrated magazine at that price. The change brought Munsey into conflict with the American News Company (ANC), the distributor of almost all magazines of that time. ANC typically charged about five cents per copy for distributing a twenty-five or thirty-five cent magazine, but Munsey wanted a higher profit than this would give him. Initially ANC refused to handle the magazine at any price, but eventually they offered him four and a half cents. Munsey told them that his price was six and a half cents, and decided to bypass ANC. He notified about ten thousand dealers that ANC would not carry Munsey's Magazine , but that it could be had directly from the publisher for seven cents in New York plus the cost of shipping. Munsey knew many of the dealers, and added personal letters to the notification, but fewer than a hundred orders came in response. At the suggestion of Charles Dana of the New York Sun , Munsey had already set up a distribution company, named Red Star News, and Dana now gave Munsey credit to run advertisements in the Sun for the magazine. Munsey wrote again to ANC and told them he was raising his price to seven cents. He did not know that ANC were now receiving thousands of orders for Munsey's from dealers: ANC sent someone to his office in response to his letter, asking for a price for 10,000 copies. They offered to pay five and three-quarter cents, but Munsey stuck to his seven-cents price. Munsey continued to advertise: the advertisements said \"On all news stands\", though at first this was far from the truth. A few orders began to come in, and within ten days all 20,000 copies had been sold. Two more printings brought the total to 60,000. The advertisements and production costs brought Munsey's debts to $150,000 ($5.09\u00a0million in 2023). Munsey was purchasing paper on four-month credit, and the planned increase in the print run of each issue, prompted by the success of the first ten-cent issue, meant Munsey's indebtedness to his paper supplier would increase very rapidly. The paper supplier visited Munsey to say that he had talked to others in the trade, and was convinced that it was impossible for Munsey to make a success of a ten-cent magazine. Munsey was able to persuade him to extend more credit, and was quickly proved right as circulation soared over the next couple of years. The print run for November 1893 was 60,000; for December it was 100,000; for February 1894 it was 200,000; and in October 1894 it was 275,000. The half-million mark was reached in April 1895, and in 1897 circulation peaked at 700,000. Munsey's remained the circulation leader among general magazines until late 1904, when Everybody's Magazine , propelled by a muckraking [ note 4 ] series about finance, reached a circulation of almost a million. Advertising income per issue grew with the circulation, from under $3,000 ($106,000 in 2023) in October 1894 to over $30,000 in December 1895. Rotary presses , developed in the 1860s and gradually improved over succeeding decades, began to be used for magazines in the 1880s, and in 1898 Munsey acquired one that could produce tens of thousands of copies an hour. Munsey's Magazine was not initially printed on pulp paper, and is not always regarded as a pulp magazine , but by 1900 it was using pulp paper for the signatures that did not include any illustrations, with better paper where photographs were reproduced. [ note 5 ]Circulation fell slowly from 1898 until 1905, but advertising revenue stayed strong. Munsey had built a modern printing plant which reduced costs, and most of the writers used, for both fiction and editorial material, were not expensive. Art was typically printed as halftones , which were cheaper than woodcuts , and paper prices were low. The result was a very profitable magazine. Three-color covers began with the November 1899 feature, but did not become the norm until 1903. Color covers required a flatbed printing process, but the rest of the magazine was printed on rotary presses; the covers were added to the rest of the magazine by hand until Munsey acquired machines to automate the process. From 1905 color began to appear on some internal pages as well, though the quality was often poor as the three colors were not always correctly aligned. A campaign to increase circulation began in 1905, but from 1906, when circulation was almost back to 700,000, it fell steadily, down to 400,000 in 1912. By this time Munsey's businesses included a grocery store chain, newspapers, and many other magazines, and he was no longer closely involved in the day-to-day management of Munsey's . The price was raised from ten to fifteen cents in 1912. It was dropped again to ten cents in 1916 in an unsuccessful attempt to improve sales, and then raised to twenty cents in 1918. The page count, always higher than in the competing magazines, was increased again, sometimes to as many as 265 pages of non-advertising matter. Circulation continued to drop, to 130,000 in 1920, and advertising sales fell. The Argosy had merged with another of Munsey's magazines, All-Story , in 1920, and was retitled Argosy All-Story Weekly ; the combined magazine's circulation was 500,000, far ahead of Munsey's . Munsey's was switched to an all-fiction policy, like Argosy All-Story Weekly , in 1921, but circulation was down to 64,000 by 1924, the last year for which Munsey reported separate figures. Munsey died in 1925, and William Dewart took over as publisher. In 1929 the two magazines were reorganized: Munsey's became All-Story , and Argosy All-Story Weekly became simply Argosy. The last issue of Munsey's Magazine was dated October 1929. Munsey's Weekly included humorous pieces, but also a gossip column about politics and the society of Washington, D.C. Illustrators included Charles Howard Johnson , F. P. W. Bellew, E. L. Durand and A. E. Fenner. Frank Luther Mott , a magazine historian, describes the magazine as \"a good paper of handsome appearance\". In August 1887 Munsey had begun publishing a series of books for young people, titled Munsey's Popular Series for Boys and Girls, and he also began a series of cloth-bound books starting with his own The Boy Broker , which had been originally serialized in The Golden Argosy . Both these series were advertised in the Weekly . When the schedule changed to monthly, the magazine expanded to 96 non-advertising pages, with a few halftone illustrations. Initially the contributors were not well-known writers, except for Horatio Alger , whose novelette \"A Fancy of Hers\" appeared in the March 1892 issue. This was part of a run of issues in 1892 which each ran \"a complete novel in each number\", typically about fifty pages. Non-fiction departments included a theater column, \"The Stage\", written by C. Stuart Johnson; \"Literary Chat\"; a humor section called \"Etchings\", and editorial columns. Munsey's own novel Derringforth was part way through serialization when the first ten-cent issue appeared. In 1896 another well-known writer appeared: Hall Caine 's The Christian , serialized from 1896 to 1897, was very popular. Other well-known authors followed, including F. Marion Crawford , H. Rider Haggard , Anthony Hope Hawkins , Myrtle Reed , and Grace MacGowan Cooke . Ella Wheeler Wilcox contributed poetry to the \"Etchings\" column. When Argosy began its fiction-only policy at the end of 1896, Munsey heavily re-used reprinted fiction from the magazine's earlier monthly issues. For example, 12 of the 18 contributions to the October 1896 Argosy were reprints from issues of Munsey's Magazine from between November 1891 and April 1893. The magazine's covers were initially simply a table of contents, but in 1893 Munsey began putting a picture of a pretty girl on the cover of each magazine. He was the first publisher to do so regularly, and the policy probably gave the circulation another boost. In the middle of the 1890s Munsey's became known for printing images of \"half-dressed women and undressed statuary\", in the words of an editorial in The Independent . The magazine grew to 160 pages of reading matter, with an article on \"Artists and Their Work\", leading each issue, a natural vehicle for numerous halftones. Johnson's \"The Stage\" had its share of nudes, as did a department called \"Types of Fair Women\". \"Literary Chat\" and \"Etchings\" (now including poetry) were joined by \"Impressions by the Way\" (editorials). By the second half of the decade the use of nudes began to decline, but the reputation remained: in 1898 the Wilkes-Barre Public Library cancelled its subscription to Munsey's \"because of the many illustrations ... which are on the nude order\". However, the halftones were still an important part of the magazine's appeal. After the Spanish\u2013American War began in April 1898, the regular lead article became \"In the Public Eye\" rather than \"Artists and Their Work\", but photographs, now on military topics, were still frequent. Articles on famous people, both European aristocrats and American magnates and politicians, were common; these included a series on \"Prominent American Families\", and a series by Theodore Dreiser on American writers. New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt and U.S. House Speaker Thomas B. Reed each wrote articles for Munsey's in 1899, and a series called \"My Favorite Novelist and His Best Book\" brought contributions from Arthur Conan Doyle , Bret Harte , and Frank R. Stockton . Munsey argued that the short unsigned articles by his house staff, in departments such as \"In the Public Eye\", \"The Stage\", \"In Vanity Fair\" (society events and gossip), and \"The World of Music\", had \"done more than anything else to individualize the magazine [and] to popularize it\". Mott agrees, commenting that \"Literary Chat\" and \"The Stage\" were accurately reflective of dramatic and literary fashion, and occasionally included \"acute and sensible criticism\". In the 1900s, when the muckraking movement was at its height, Munsey refused to join the trend, saying later that he was \"keenly interested in a constructive policy, not a destructive policy. Munsey's Magazine has never been committed to the muck-raking theory, and never will be.\" Munsey's political bent was always Republican , but his admiration for Theodore Roosevelt led him to support the Progressive Party in 1912, and Munsey's , along with Munsey's other publications, was strongly for Roosevelt during the Republican convention . In 1904, Munsey hired Bob Davis to edit the New York Sunday News , and when that was closed down soon afterwards, Davis was made fiction editor of Munsey's Magazine , leaving the editor, Richard Titherington, in overall charge. Davis made an arrangement with O. Henry in January 1905 that for five years he would have the right of first refusal on all Henry's work. In return Davis agreed to pay ten cents a word for everything he bought from Henry. The result was that a dozen stories by Henry appeared in Munsey's over the next five years. Once they had become profitable, all of Munsey's magazines paid on acceptance or soon after, rather than on publication, unlike most of the competing magazines. This made them more attractive to writers. World War I brought more articles on military topics, often written by members of the government, including Robert Lansing , William C. Redfield , and Franklin Knight Lane . [ note 6 ] War pictures and images of members of the government were common, and there were two editorial sections, covering the war but also other topics. Mott describes the nonfiction in the period 1916 to the end of the decade as \"unusually interesting and varied\", citing work by Richard Le Gallienne , Brander Matthews , and Ann O'Hagan , among others, but adds that the magazine was \"on a lethal toboggan\", with circulation declining. The \"complete novel in each issue\" policy, tried in 1892, was revisited in the mid-1910s, with contributions from P. G. Wodehouse , Joseph Conrad , Arnold Bennett , and others: serialization of longer works was tried again, along with variations in the length of the fiction. From 1921 the magazine was switched to fiction only, including poetry. The authors printed came from both the pulp magazines and the upmarket slicks , and included Max Brand and Edgar Rice Burroughs . Although Munsey's two sister magazines, Argosy and All-Story , regularly carried science fiction , Munsey's rarely did so for its first thirty years. Starting in 1921, with the change to an all-fiction format, some science fiction began to appear, including in the November 1923 issue John D. Swain's \"The Last Man on Earth\", filmed the following year as The Last Man on Earth . Philip M. Fisher and E. F. Benson also published science fiction in Munsey's . In the February 1923 issue, Tod Robbins' \"Spurs\" appeared, set in a traveling circus, with a cast including \" circus freaks \": unusual people such as midgets. The story was filmed in 1932 as Freaks . Munsey's Magazine revolutionized the popular magazine market by proving that a general magazine could be successful at ten cents. McClure's Magazine dropped its price from fifteen cents to ten cents in July 1895, and Cosmopolitan followed suit in November; the three magazines were the leaders of the field, with Munsey's obtaining a head start in circulation because it had taken the first move to the lower price. It was not until 1912 that McClure's finally overtook it. Selling these magazine for ten cents meant that advertising support was required for the magazines to be profitable. Magazines such as Harper's and Atlantic , who were regarded as the leaders of their field, cost twenty-five to thirty-five cents, and their editors saw their market as \"the best people, not the most people\", in the words of one magazine historian. The revolution Munsey's began led to a huge expansion of the market for general magazines, and the new leaders of the field were published by men primarily interested in making money, rather than in culture. Magazines ran advertisements before Munsey's Magazine , but relying on advertising rather than subscriptions for income became the dominant business model for consumer magazines in the 20th century. Munsey's biographer, George Britt, described Munsey and McClure as \"great rivals of those days ... great business man matched against great editor\". McClure considered Munsey \"the greatest business man that ever entered the magazine field\". McClure published what he liked, believing that what pleased him would please his readers, whereas Munsey published what he thought would be popular, but McClure felt that Munsey was the best editor in the business. Other assessments of Munsey have not been so kind: \"a man with no real sense of what values or ideas he wanted his magazine to convey\" is one academic comment. Mott summarizes the magazine's history by saying it was \"never a first-class magazine ... sometimes there was quality as well as quantity in the magazine, but there was a shocking amount of mediocrity\". John Tebbel, a historian of magazines, agrees: \" Munsey's was never as good a magazine as McClure's or Cosmopolitan ; its level was nearer the mediocre.\" John Kendrick Bangs was the editor from January to June 1889, and from then until the magazine became a monthly the editorial tasks were managed by Munsey's staff, with no named editor. Richard H. Titherington was made editor of the monthly Munsey's Magazine from its first issue in 1891, and stayed in that role until 1929. [ note 7 ]Many issues of Munsey's Weekly may no longer exist; David Reed, in his history of popular magazines, reports that \"it would appear that the first five volumes, that contain the weekly issues, are lost\". Almost no academic institutions and libraries have any copies of the weekly issues. Surviving copyright records indicate that Munsey's Weekly appeared on a regular schedule until at least the January 21, 1890 issue. A British edition of Munsey's Magazine was begun in 1899, printed in New York and distributed in the UK by Horace Marshall & Son . ", ["2_721"]] [20722, "Alum-(K) is a hydrous potassium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula KAl(SO 4 ) 2 \u00b712(H 2 O). It is the mineral form of potassium alum and is referred to as potassium alum in older sources. It is a member of the alum group. It occurs as colorless to white, soft isometric crystals and efflorescence coatings. Rare crystals are octahedral in form if occurring as precipitates from neutral water solution, but cubic in form if the solution is alkaline. It occurs as a precipitate around volcanic fumaroles and solfataras . It also occurs as an alteration in argillaceous sediments or coal beds which contain oxidizing sulfide minerals ( pyrite or marcasite ). Occurs associated with alunogen , pickeringite , epsomite , melanterite , gypsum and native sulfur . Occurrences include Mount Vesuvius , Italy and Alum Cave , Sevier County, Tennessee . This article about a specific sulfate mineral is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_722"]] [20723, "The 2011 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 109th running of the Paris\u2013Roubaix single-day cycling race, often known as the Hell of the North . It was held on 10 April 2011 over a distance of 258 kilometres (160.3 miles) and was the ninth race of the 2011 UCI World Tour season. Garmin\u2013Cerv\u00e9lo 's Johan Vansummeren claimed victory after making a solo breakaway from a four-man group with 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) remaining, holding on to win by 19 seconds at the velodrome in Roubaix . He also held on to victory, despite riding the final 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) with a flat rear tyre. Second place went to Leopard Trek rider and defending race winner Fabian Cancellara who caught the remaining riders from the breakaway \u2013 Maarten Tjallingii of Rabobank , Lars Bak of HTC\u2013Highroad and Gr\u00e9gory Rast of Team RadioShack \u2013 and outsprinted them in Roubaix. Tjallingii completed the podium in third.25 teams competed in the 2011 Paris\u2013Roubaix. They were: Teams for Paris-RoubaixWild Cards", ["2_723"]] [20724, "The Ziller ( German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0361s\u026al\u0250] \u24d8 ) is a right tributary to the Inn , in the Zillertal in Tyrol , Austria . It is 55.7\u00a0km (34.6\u00a0mi) long, and its basin area is 1,135\u00a0km 2 (438\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). It springs from the ridge of the Zillertal Alps , and feeds the Zillergr\u00fcndl Dam . In Mayrhofen it receives the Zemmbach (that in turn receives the Tuxbach ). By Zell am Ziller , it receives the Gerlosbach , before flowing into the Inn by Strass im Zillertal . For historical reasons, the Ziller\u2014first mentioned in 927 as Zilare \u2014for most of its course makes up the border between the Diocese of Innsbruck on the west and the Archdiocese of Salzburg on the east. The Ziller today shows a good presence of brown trout and rainbow trout , as well as grayling . It is up to 20\u00a0m (66\u00a0ft) wide and 2\u00a0m (6\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in) deep, and it has an average discharge of 43.1\u00a0m 3 /s (1,520\u00a0cu\u00a0ft/s).This Tyrol location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article related to a river in Austria is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_724"]] [20725, "Shark Key is an island in the lower Florida Keys about 7 miles (11\u00a0km) east of Key West . It is located north of, and connected to, U.S. 1 (or the Overseas Highway ) at approximately mile marker 11.5, between the Saddlebunch Keys and Big Coppitt Key . It is part of the census-designated place of Big Coppitt Key, Florida . Its earlier name was Stark Key .This Monroe County, Florida location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_725"]] [20726, "The Gay Liberation Monument is part of the Stonewall National Monument , which commemorates the Stonewall uprising of 1969. Created in 1980, the Gay Liberation sculpture by American artist George Segal was the first piece of public art dedicated to gay rights and solidarity for LGBTQ individuals, while simultaneously commemorating the ongoing struggles of the community. The monument was dedicated on June 23, 1992, as part of the dedication of the Stonewall National Monument as a whole. It is located directly across from the Stonewall Inn , at the northern end of Christopher Park , along Christopher Street in the West Village section of Manhattan , New York . The sculpture depicts two pairs of life-like, life-size, affectionate couples made of bronze and painted white. One couple (two men) are standing, and the other (two women) are seated. It was originally commissioned in 1979 (the 10th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising) by the Mildred Andrews Fund, a Cleveland-based foundation that supports public art displays. The commission specified that the work must be installed on public land and that it \"had to be loving and caring, and show the affection that is the hallmark of gay people.\u00a0... And it had to have equal representation of men and women\". The Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village in June 1969 are widely remembered and commemorated as a watershed event in the movement for Gay liberation , and the later LGBT movements in New York City and worldwide. In the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, police forces raided the Stonewall Inn, located on Christopher Street in New York City. This was a common occurrence during an era when it was still illegal to serve liquor to out lesbian and gay people, and payoffs to the police and organized crime were a routine part of running a gay bar . A number of patrons were harassed by police. This was also common, but this time patrons fought back. An agitated crowd of patrons, gay street kids from the nearby park, and officers alike began to congregate on the nearby sidewalks. Patrons and street kids were shouting at the police and physically fighting back as the police tried to arrest them. A number of individuals in the crowd threw coins at the police, who wound up barricading themselves inside the bar. At some point the bar was set on fire. Over the rest of the night and into the next morning, then again every night for the following week, thousands of people marched in the streets, alternately confronting and fleeing from the cops. Out of this rebellion, several new activist groups such as the Gay Liberation Front , the Gay Activists Alliance , and Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries were formed. The original plan for Segal's commission (which was introduced on the tenth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots) was to create two separate castings of Gay Liberation and to place one of them in Christopher Park in Greenwich Village, New York City, and to place the other casting in Los Angeles. Although many legislators and city organizations endorsed its commission in Greenwich Village, many local residents opposed the plans for the monument's installation. Ultimately, New York City failed to allocate the funding necessary to complete the project. The casting that had been created for placement in Los Angeles also was not ultimately displayed because the local governing body did not approve of the work, so the project was made to be fulfilled and displayed on the campus of Stanford University in San Francisco, California, in 1984. Shortly after the monument was erected at Stanford, it was brutally vandalized; the culprit(s) physically cut and jabbed into the figures' faces and bodies. It is estimated that the perpetrator(s) imposed $50,000 worth of damage to the monument. Accordingly, the monument was removed from public display. This act of vandalism was distressing to the local LGBT community, both at the university and in the surrounding neighborhood, because the location of San Francisco itself had a large and active LGBT community at the time. The fact that this attack ensued on a university campus served as a grim reminder of the lack of safety afforded to LGBT individuals in general. The monument was repaired and then remained in storage for over a year before being re-installed on the campus of Stanford. Approximately a year after it was displayed for the second time, it was brutally vandalized again; the perpetrators painted derogatory words onto the statues. Gay Liberation was vandalized again in the year 1994, wherein some football players on Stanford's team splattered the monument with paint and wedged a bench in between the figures of the monument. LGBT students at Stanford openly protested against the fact that this act could not be legally deemed a hate crime, as California's definition of a hate crime consists of the violation of an individual's (rather than an institution's) natural/civil liberties. The other casting of Segal's Gay Liberation was initially placed in Orton Park in Madison, Wisconsin, where it remained from 1986 until 1991. While in Orton Park, the monument was vandalized on at least one occasion, though it was also loved and appreciated by many residents, who would apparently put scarves and hats on the sculpted figures during the winter months. In the year 1992, New York City agreed to display Segal's Gay Liberation in Christopher Park, and it was removed from Madison, Wisconsin and placed in Christopher Park. During the dedication ceremony the following year, Segal apparently was surprised that there were no \"religious protesters\", as there had initially been considerable controversy over the commission of the monument by Catholic residents of New York City. Despite the uneventful ceremony, there was still controversial discourse surrounding the monument when it was installed in New York City. In 2015, two anonymous people who self-described as, \"queer, gender-nonconforming women\" claimed credit for vandalizing the statues by painting their faces and hands black and dressing them with cheap wigs, bras, and scarves to protest what they called the statues' \"whitewashing\" of the history of Stonewall. The monument has been subject to criticism from those who say it inadequately represents the diversity of the activists who participated in the Stonewall uprising . Some of the prominent participants in the Stonewall riots , such as Storm\u00e9 DeLarverie and Marsha P. Johnson were both African-American and gender-nonconforming . Delarverie was a well-known butch dyke , known for performing in popular drag revues and appearing with celebrated entertainers in Harlem . Johnson, who identified as a transvestite and \" street queen \", modeled for Andy Warhol and performed with the drag troupes, Hot Peaches and the Angels of Light . While not as well-known, Zazu Nova, who has at times been mistaken for Johnson, was a young, Black and gender-nonconforming participant who has been cited by a number of witnesses as one of \"three individuals known to have been in the vanguard\" of the pushback against police once the rioting peaked late that night (Johnson and Jackie Hormona being the other two named). Some have criticized the monument's status as a widely recognized beacon of queer freedom. Deirdre Conlon, citing the theories of French Marxist Henri Lefebvre (1901\u20131991), argues that representations of space are profoundly influenced by societal systems and institutions, and that representations of space can and should be fluid and open to modification. Lefebvre argued that productions of space have been \"colonized\" by concrete and stagnant representations that \"impose an image\" and thereby establish and regulate the commemoration and memorialization of a historical moment or phenomenon. Genevieve Flavelle, writing in C Magazine , questioned whether the quiet, peaceful Gay Liberation monument adequately pays homage to the revolutionary and tumultuous history of the Stonewall Riots, writing \"why does the Gay Liberation monument (1980), a George Segal commission for the 10th anniversary of the Riots, depict four figures quietly socializing in Christopher Park instead of scores of drag queens throwing high heels and ripping parking meters out of the ground?\" Chris E. Vargas , the executive director of the Museum of Transgender Hirstory and Art (MOTHA), suggests it is important to narrate the Stonewall Riots as part of an active, ongoing process of LGBTQ liberation. Vargas believes Segal's Gay Liberation may not adequately represent the anti-establishment spirit of the Stonewall Riots, and questions the premise of memorializing the Stonewall Riots in a singular, static monument as this may falsely suggest that the movement is \"safely placed in the past, and all the concerns of the people involved in the riots are resolved in a clean and tidy way.\" He suggests oral history can offer an alternative method of commemorating Stonewall, noting that within a demographic that has been historically misrepresented and heavily stereotyped, oral histories can honor a collective historical narrative from which LGBTQIA+ individuals have been historically excluded. Because many gay men were lost to the AIDS Crisis , and members of the community have been lost to suicide or were forced to live in the closet in order to preserve their safety, there has also been difficulty using oral histories to memorialize queer and trans experiences. The subjects of Segal's monument are depicted with physical elements that serve to shed light upon the complexity of their relationships; both couples are exhibited locking eyes, which may be interpreted as symbolizing commitment and communion, which are aspects of same-sex relationships that are unduly excluded from their depictions in popular culture and media. Segal has apparently remarked that his sculpture tends to concentrate \"...on tenderness, gentleness and sensitivity as expressed in gesture\", which allows the viewer to appreciate the intimacy of the partners' relationships. Christopher Park is directly across from the Stonewall Inn, and has been at the center of the Gay liberation movement of New York City since before the Stonewall Riots of 1969, as it was already a gathering place for homeless gay street kids who slept there. In 1999, the Stonewall bar and the surrounding neighborhood streets, including Christopher Park, were placed on the New York State Register of Historic Places and added to the National Register. When Segal was first approached about the possibility of commissioning Gay Liberation , he was uncertain about accepting the undertaking, and his initial reaction was that the sculpture should be done by a gay artist. He eventually decided that he would accept the project in the name of empathy and respect to the community, saying, \"I'm extremely sympathetic to the problems that gay people have. They're human beings first. I couldn't refuse to do it.\" Nonetheless, some have argued that Segal should not have taken the job. Responding to this criticism, Segal jokingly acknowledged himself as \"an unregenerate heterosexual\", but said that his heterosexuality \"did not prevent him from having an insight into the natures of his gay friends.\" ", ["2_726"]] [20727, "Kozukue Station ( \u5c0f\u673a\u99c5 , Kozukue-eki ) is a passenger railway station located in K\u014dhoku-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa Prefecture , Japan , operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Kozukue Station is served by the Yokohama Line from Higashi-Kanagawa to Hachi\u014dji , and is 7.8\u00a0km from the official starting point of the line at Higashi-Kanagawa. Many services continue west of Higashi-Kanagawa via the Negishi Line to Sakuragicho during the offpeak, and to \u014cfuna during the morning peak.The station consists of a single island platform and a side platform serving three elevated tracks, with the station building underneath. The station is staffed.Kozukue Station was opened on 23 September 1908 as a station on the privately held Yokohama Railway Company. The line was acquired by the Japanese government in 1910, and merged into the Japanese Government Railways system (the predecessor to the JNR ) from October 1, 1917. The station building was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kant\u014d earthquake and rebuilt in 1925. All freight operations were suspended from 1972. With the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East. A new station building was completed in 1998.Station numbering was introduced to the Yokohama Line platforms 20 August 2016 with Kozukue being assigned station number JH17. In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 10,345 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for previous years are as shown below.Media related to Kozukue Station at Wikimedia CommonsThis Kanagawa Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_727"]] [20730, "Meriden Park is a public park located in Chelmsley Wood , near Birmingham , UK. The park has a large natural lake, natural woodland, a children's play area, a skate park and a football pitch.It hosts a number of community events throughout the year.Meriden Adventure Playground, sited in the park and operated by an independent charity, is one of the leading adventure play facilities in the country. It offers free, open access play to 0 - 16 year olds Tuesday to Friday after school and all day during holidays. Under fives must be accompanied. This West Midlands location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_730"]] [20731, "Pape Demba Armand Tour\u00e9z\u00e9 (born 31 December 1984) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a striker . He dropped the 'z\u00e9' part of his surname when he was 20, re-registering his name with FIFA as Demba Armand Tour\u00e9 . [ citation needed ] Tour\u00e9 was born in Dakar , Senegal. He played at Olympique Lyonnais for the 2002\u201303 and 2003\u201304 seasons, and was then loaned to Grasshopper Club Z\u00fcrich for 2004\u201305 and 2005\u2013\u00df6.Tour\u00e9 signed a 3 + 1 \u2044 2 -year contract with Astra Ploie\u0219ti in November 2011. He left Astra Ploie\u0219ti in December 2011 due to financial dispute with the club. Tour\u00e9 signed with Al-Oruba Dubai in January 2012 for only six months.On 27 December 2012, Toure signed with Maltese club Valletta F.C. On 4 July 2013, he signed a two-year contract with league rivals Birkirkara F.C.Tour\u00e9 was called up to the Senegal national team for the 2008 African Cup of Nations qualifying game against Burkina Faso in October 2006 to replace the injured Marseille striker Mamadou Niang . In 2007 he earned five caps scoring three goals.", ["2_731"]] [20733, "The Low Frequency in Stereo are a post-rock group that was founded in February 2000 in Haugesund , Norway . The band is known both in Norway and internationally and have played renowned festivals like Quart , Dour and South By SouthwestSenior Editor of Rolling Stone David Fricke described their concert in Austin, Texas in 2005 as \"a mixture of the long solo elements in The Doors set to the riptide of Joy Division 's \"Transmission\" with the surf guitar twang of Dick Dale .\" [ citation needed ]This article about a Norwegian band or other musical ensemble is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article on a rock band is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_733"]] [20734, "My Winter Storm is the second solo album by Finnish singer Tarja Turunen , and the first to consist mainly of new and original songs specifically written by or for Turunen. The album was released by Universal Music on 19 November 2007 in Finland, on 2 January 2008 in South America and on February 26 in North America and in the United Kingdom was also released a special version limited in 300 copies. The album was recorded with the collaboration of various artists, including cellist Martin Tillman , guitarist Kiko Loureiro and composer James Dooley , with Turunen also playing additional keyboards. The album contains several music styles including alternative rock and classical music , and it was recorded in different studios in Finland, Brazil, Ireland, USA, Spain, Switzerland, Germany and the Czech Republic. My Winter Storm has sold Platinum in Finland and Double Platinum in Russia, and also reached Tarja's first gold disc in her entire career in the Czech Republic; the album spent two and a half months on the Official Finnish Albums Chart , reaching the highest position right during the first week, also spending four months on German Top 100 , two months on Swiss Top 100 and also a full month on the Austrian Top 40 , ending 2007 at 11th position on Billboard's Top 100 European albums with more than 500,000 copies sold. To promote the album, Tarja played the Storm World Tour , that took place from Berlin on November 25, 2007, to London on October 19, 2009. Talking about the title and the concept of \"My Winter Storm\", Tarja told that was inspired by the lyrics of the first single, I Walk Alone . When she entered the studio to recorded the first demo of the disc, those three words come to her head, she thought about it and starts to see the people around her as a storm: \"It comes with a very powerful image when thinking about my family, the musicians, friends ... like a storm a snowstorm is a very beautiful image, in winter\". In an interview, she further explained this concept: \"A snowstorm can be negative for many, but very positive for me. A snowstorm has a lot of energy and also represents a synonym of my happiness, which helped me in difficult times and never let me down.\" The album and the music video of \"I Walk Alone\" features four characters: \"The Dead Boy\", \"The Doll\", \"The Phoenix\" and \"The Ice Queen\". Tarja told that she noticed that some songs of the disc had similar themes. Realizing that, she started to create a history about them. That helped the singer to write songs and built the album. However, she reinforced that \"My Winter Storm\" is not a concept record, and the characters was only a fun way to make connections between the album, the artwork and the videos. \"My Winter Storm\" was described as a \"own creation enriched with soundtrack atmosphere\". That's notable in songs like \"Oasis\", a song that place emphasis on cinematic atmosphere, and the second single, \" Die Alive \" that contains an acoustic action cinema section. On the other hand, the rock contributions was also important for the disc. Tarja explained that from the beginning she knew that she wanted \"a record where I would sing to rock guitars and which should sound like a soundtrack at the same time\". The penultimate song from the album, \"Ciar\u00e1n's Well\", it's a good example of this. The track was inspired by a sacred well of Ireland, has a dark tone and strong riffs, probably the heaviest music from the album. In the end, for Tarja, \"My Winter Storm\" doesn't have a specific genre, but it's a combination of heavy elements, orchestra, sound of film and ambient sound. She also revealed that used her lyrical singing technique much more than in previous albums with Nightwish. The record was a successful launch, selling over 650,000 copies around the world. With the \"My Winter Storm\", Tarja received, for the first time in her entire career, a gold disc in Czech Republic. In Germany, Turunen also reached the gold record status, being the first Finnish solo artist to be granted with this certification. In her home country, Finland, \"My Winter Storm\" achieved platinum. While in Russia, the record was most successful, receiving double platinum. This was the first time that the singer received a certification from this country. Unfortunately, the reception of the critics was not so warm. The IGN , for example, criticized the length of the disc, affirming \"this record is just too long, overindulgent and pretentious to be enjoyable. It's as if we're listening to one long song, and a boring one at that\". The Metal Storm also complained that attribute, \"saying that the metal background becomes monotonous by the end. A major danger while composing long releases.\" In general, the metal aspects of the album were not well received and the \"Ciar\u00e1n's Well\" was panned.On the other hand, the Metal Storm praised the beautiful choruses, the string ensemble melodies and the mild percussion. Beyond that, the classical-based tracks were well received. The beautiful Finnish language ballad \"Oasis\", for example, was defined by the critics as one of the best songs of the album. \"The Reign\", according to Blabbermouth, \"is a captivating example of what the songstress is capable of\", as well as \"Boy And The Ghost\" and the haunting \"Our Great Divide\".My Winter Storm - Extended Special Edition was released on January 2, 2009, as a double CD, bringing The Seer EP with additional new songs \" Enough \"and \"Wisdom of Wind\" , new cover art, some mixes and live tracks. Credits for My Winter Storm adapted from liner notes. Sales Certifications", ["2_734"]] [20735, "Lisa Webb ( n\u00e9e Hughes ; born 27 April 1984) is a former Australian rules footballer and current senior coach of the Fremantle Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW). She previously played six games for Fremantle in 2018, before retiring that same year. Webb placed second at the 2002\u201303 Australian Track & Field Championships competing in the heptathlon . Webb was drafted by Fremantle with their first selection and the second selection overall in the 2017 AFL Women's rookie draft . She made her debut and was named one of Fremantle's best players in the thirteen point win over Collingwood at Optus Stadium in round 2 of the 2018 season . She played six games in 2018. She retired from playing at the end of the 2018 season. In 2019, Webb was appointed as the opposition and strategy coach for the Fremantle AFLW team. She remained an assistant until June 2022, when she relocated to Melbourne for family reasons. She served as the Western Bulldogs AFLW midfield coach in the AFLW's seventh season . In February 2023, Webb was appointed senior coach of the Fremantle AFLW team on a three-year deal. She is the second former AFLW player to be appointed as a senior coach in the competition, after Lauren Arnell .During the 2023 AFLW season, Lisa coached the Fremantle Dockers to a 13th place ladder finish with a total of 4 wins and 6 losses.She coached the Fremantle Dockers to a 5th place finish the following season with 8 wins 3 losses, and a return to finals for the first time since 2022. Fremantle's return to finals saw them defeat and eliminate the Essendon Bombers in an elimination final at Fremantle Oval in Perth . The Dockers were however defeated by the Adelaide Crows in the semi-finals the following week.Webb is the wife of former state league footballer Marc Webb . They have two sons. Webb was a health and physical education teacher at Newman College in Perth up until June 2022. * denotes rookie listed players, (i) denotes inactive playersThis Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1980s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_735"]] [20736, "Sally Stevens (born November 24, 1939) is an American actress, singer and a vocal contractor. She has sung on hundreds of The Simpsons episodes, and sings the main title , which has been in use since the inception of the show. She also sings the main title for Family Guy and has worked for Seth MacFarlane , the creator of the show, as vocal contractor and singer since the inception of the series on Fox in 1999. She has sung, and been vocal contractor for hundreds of films, some of which include The Last Airbender , The Abyss , Contact , Amistad , Power of One , Behind Enemy Lines , Beyond Borders , Forrest Gump , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Sally Stevens is the mother of session singer Susie Stevens-Logan. She did the voices of Marge and Patty in the demo recording of \" Dancing Workers Song \". More recent projects included singing and vocal contractor services for Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb , for Alan Silvestri , composer (2014). She also contracted the male choir for Thomas Newman , for the Steven Spielberg film Bridge of Spies , (2015) and the male choir for John Williams' score on Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016) and Finding Dory ( Thomas Newman , composer). In 2018, she contracted and sang for Tyler Bates ' score for Deadpool 2 . Stevens sang for vocal contractor Bobbi Page on the scores for Tomorrowland and Jurassic World , for composer Michael Giacchino (2015). Also sang for vocal contractor Edie Lehmann on recording sessions for Richard Carpenter in 2018.Stevens was born in Los Angeles, California, United States, and attended UCLA as a music major. She worked as a production singer in Las Vegas with bookings in 1961 and 1962, then began to work freelance in recording and commercials in Los Angeles. She sang on the Danny Kaye Variety Show two seasons, and The Carol Burnett Show and The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour .Her first work in film scoring was in 1962, How the West was Won , then continuing, Doctor Zhivago and The Sound of Music . Other solo performances in film include The Secret of NIMH (composer Jerry Goldsmith ), Exorcist II: The Heretic (composer Ennio Morricone ) and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( Burt Bacharach , composer). In 1979\u201382 she was the on-camera spokesperson for KBIG Radio , a Los Angeles radio/music station. She is a freelance artist/session singer and vocal contractor. As a solo artist, she was greatly influenced by Peggy Lee . She has written lyrics for film and television projects, and her song, written with Dave Grusin , \" Who Comes This Night \" is included in James Taylor 's first Christmas CD, recorded in 2005.During the late 1960s and 1970s, she worked extensively in records and commercials. She has recorded with Frank Sinatra , Andy Williams , Country Joe and the Fish , Burt Bacharach , Gary Puckett & The Union Gap , Paul Revere & The Raiders , Sonny & Cher , The Hollyridge Strings , Neil Diamond , Ray Conniff , Dean Martin , Tom Scott , Gabor Szabo , Hugo Montenegro , Ennio Morricone , Percy Faith , Gino Vannelli , Wayne Newton , Michael Bubl\u00e9 , and many others. During this period, she was one of a group of singers for Los Angeles radio station KBIG , which at the time was playing the format for which the now- iHeart Media owned station is best remembered, Beautiful music . She also served as on-air promotional spokesperson for that station.Stevens was the lead vocalist on \"Tomorrow's Child\", the theme song for Spaceship Earth at Walt Disney World 's EPCOT Center from 1986 until 1994.Stevens is also the director of the Hollywood Film Chorale . She was also the choral director of the Oscars broadcasts for over 20 years, the most recent broadcast being the 2018 Academy Awards . She also contracted singers and sang for the 70th Emmy Awards Broadcast, 2018.Sally Stevens is also a writer, and has had short fiction and poetry published in The OffBeat , Between the Pages Anthology \" Fairy Tales and Folklore Re-imagined \", MockingHeart Review , Raven's Perch , Funny in Five Hundred , Hermeneutic Chaos Literary Journal , and podcast No Extra Words .Stevens is also a fine art photographer, and has had five solo Fine Art Black & White Photography exhibits in Los Angeles. Some of her photographs of film composers were included in an exhibit at Cite de la Musique , in Paris, France, 2013.She served on the local and national boards of AFTRA for over 40 years, on the board of Screen Actors Guild for 18 years, was a trustee of NARAS , and is currently a national trustee of the AFTRA Health & Retirement Funds .", ["2_736"]] [20737, "Opeth is a heavy metal band from Stockholm , Sweden . The band name came from the word Opet , which was the name of a ruined ancient city in the Wilbur Smith novel Sunbird and is translated as City of the Moon . Opeth play progressive death metal (which comes from combining progressive rock and death metal ). Opeth are also influenced by blues and jazz, and their songs often have both electric and acoustic parts.The band's members have changed many times since Opeth started in 1990 , but band member Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt has always been present . Although he did not start the band, \u00c5kerfeldt is the only band member to perform in every album.Opeth has released thirteen studio albums , four live/video albums, and three box-sets .The band went on their first world tour after the release of their fifth studio album Blackwater Park .Opeth was formed in 1990 by David Isberg . Isberg asked Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt to play bass guitar for Opeth without telling any of the other Opeth band members. When \u00c5kerfeldt showed up to play with the band the next day, the band members refused to throw out their bass player for \u00c5kerfeldt and all band members but Isberg and \u00c5kerfeldt left to form a new band. Lots of new band members joined and left the band. Anders Nordin joined Opeth to play drums , Nick D\u00f6ring to play bass guitar and Andreas Dimeo to play electric guitar. D\u00f6ring and Dimeo left the band after one show and were replaced by Kim Pettersson on electric guitar and Johan DeFarfalla on bass guitar. DeFarfalla and Pettersson left Opeth after their next two shows and Peter Lindgren joined to play electric guitar.Isberg quit in 1992 and joined the band Liars in Wait. Now, Opeth only had \u00c5kerfeldt singing, Nordin on bass guitar and Lindgren on electric guitar. These three members began writing new songs sounding less like typical death metal, and started using acoustic guitars and guitar harmonies, making Opeth a more progressive death metal band. Johan DeFarfalla began playing bass guitar again for Opeth and these four members recorded their first album, Orchid .After touring the United Kingdom Opeth began to record their second album, Morningrise . The album had only five songs but was 66 minutes long. Morningrise was a big success , and the band toured the UK and Scandinavia playing songs from both albums. They signed a contract with Century Media , who re-released these two albums again in 1997 . After the tour, \u00c5kerfeldt and Lindgren fired DeFarfalla for personal reasons, which made Nordin, who was on a vacation in Brazil, leave the band and stay in Brazil. Martin Lopez, who played for Amon Amarth , joined Opeth in 1997 as well as bassist Martin Mendez just before recording their third album, My Arms, Your Hearse . However, \u00c5kerfeldt had to play bass on some songs from My Arms, Your Hearse . The album was released on August 18 , 1998 , and was another big success. The album focused less on guitar harmonies and more on progressive metal riffs .In 1999, Opeth signed with UK label Peaceville Records in Europe, which was distributed by Music For Nations . Opeth began work on their next album, but because of delays, the band was only able to rehearse twice before recording the album. Eventually, Still Life was released on October 18 , 1999 (not in the United States until February 2001)). Still Life was the first album recorded with Mendez, and was also the first Opeth album to have the band's logo on the front cover. Still Life is a concept album , and \u00c5kerfeldt explains that the album is about someone who \"is kind of banished from his hometown because he hasn't got the same faith as the rest of the inhabitants there. The album pretty much starts off when he is returning after several years to hook up with his old 'babe'. The big bosses of the town know that he's back... A lot of bad things start happening.\" After a few live shows in Europe, Opeth returned to work on their next album, with Porcupine Tree 's Steven Wilson producing. \"This time it was tough\", \u00c5kerfeldt said, \"I feel pleasantly blown away by the immense result, though. It was indeed worth the effort.\" Wilson also pushed the band to use new sounds and production techniques. \"Steve guided us into the realms of 'strange' noises for guitars and voice\", \u00c5kerfeldt said. Opeth released its fifth studio album, Blackwater Park , on February 21, 2001. This release encouraged Opeth to go on their first world tour, headlined Europe and playing to a crowd of 60,000 at the 2001 Wacken Open Air festival in Germany . After touring in support of Blackwater Park , Opeth returned home and began writing for the next album, but \u00c5kerfeldt had trouble coming up with new material: \"I wanted to write something heavier than we'd ever done, still I had all these great mellow parts and arrangements which I didn't want to go to waste.\" Jonas Renkse of Katatonia, a long-time friend of \u00c5kerfeldt, suggested writing music for two separate albums\u2014one heavy and one soft. Excited about the idea, \u00c5kerfeldt agreed without asking his bandmates or record label. While his bandmates liked the idea of recording two separate albums, \u00c5kerfeldt had to convince the label: \"I had to lie somewhat... saying that we could do this recording very soon, it won't cost more than a regular single album\". With most of the material written, the band rehearsed just once before entering the studio, again with producer Steven Wilson in Studio Fredman. Under pressure to complete both albums at the same time, \u00c5kerfeldt said the recording process was \"the toughest test of our history.\" After recording basic tracks, the band moved production to England to mix the heavy album, Deliverance , with Andy Sneap at Backstage Studios. \" Deliverance was so badly recorded, without any organisation whatsoever,\" \u00c5kerfeldt claimed, that Sneap \"is credited as a 'saviour' in the sleeve, as he surely saved much of the recording.\" Deliverance was released on November 4, 2002, and debuted at number 19 on the US Top Independent Albums chart, marking the band's first US chart appearance. Allmusic stated, \" Deliverance is altogether more subtle than any of its predecessors, approaching listeners with haunting nuances and masterful dynamics rather than overwhelming them with sheer mass and complexity.\" Opeth played a single concert in Stockholm, then returned to the UK to finish recording vocals for the second of the two albums, Damnation , at Steve Wilson's No Man's Land Studios . Although \u00c5kerfeldt first believed the band could not finish both albums, Opeth completed Deliverance and Damnation in just seven weeks of studio time, which was the same amount spent on Blackwater Park alone. Damnation was released on April 14, 2003, and gained the band its first appearance on the US Billboard 200 at number 192. The album also won the band a 2003 Swedish Grammy Award for \"Best Hard Rock Performance\". The band launched its biggest tour yet, playing nearly 200 shows in 2003 and 2004. Opeth performed three special shows in Europe with two song lists each\u2014one acoustic set and one heavy set. The band recorded its first DVD , Lamentations: Live at Shepherd's Bush Empire 2003 , at Shepherd's Bush Empire in London . The DVD featured a two-hour performance, including the entire Damnation album, as well as several songs from Deliverance and Blackwater Park , and a one-hour documentary about the recording of Deliverance and Damnation . The DVD was certified Gold in Canada . Opeth was scheduled to perform in Jordan in late 2003 without a crew due to the fear of terrorist attacks in the Middle East . Opeth's tour manager distributed 6,000 tickets for the concert, but before the band left for Jordan, Lopez called \u00c5kerfeldt saying he was having an anxiety attack and could not perform, forcing the band to cancel the show. In early 2004, Lopez was sent home from Canada after more anxiety attacks on tour. Opeth decided not to cancel the rest of the tour, and Lopez's drum tech filled in for two concerts. Opeth asked drummer Gene Hoglan of Strapping Young Lad to fill in. Lopez eventually returned to Opeth for the Seattle show on the final leg of the Deliverance and Damnation tour. Per Wiberg also joined the band on keyboards, and after more than a year on tour, Opeth went back home to start writing more new songs in 2004.Opeth's European label, Music for Nations, closed its doors in 2005 and the band signed with Roadrunner Records . After writing material for their eighth album in late 2004, the band rehearsed for three weeks before entering the studio, the first time they rehearsed since the 1998 album, My Arms, Your Hearse . Opeth recorded at Fascination Street Studios in \u00d6rebro, Sweden , from March 18 to June 1, 2005, and released the album Ghost Reveries on August 30, 2005, again to critical and commercial success. The album debuted at number 64 in the US, and number nine in Sweden, higher than any other Opeth release. Keith Bergman of Blabbermouth.net gave the album 10 out of 10, one of only 17 albums to achieve a perfect rating from the site. On May 12, 2006, Martin Lopez announced that he had officially parted ways with Opeth due to health problems, and he was replaced by Martin Axenrot. Opeth toured on the main stage of Gigantour in 2006, alongside Megadeth . Ghost Reveries was re-released on October 31, 2006, with a bonus cover version of Deep Purple 's \"Soldier of Fortune\" and a DVD of the making of the album. A recording of Opeth's live performance at the Camden Roundhouse , in London , on November 9, 2006, was later released as the double live album The Roundhouse Tapes . On May 17, 2007, Peter Lindgren stated he was leaving Opeth after 16 years. \"The decision has been the toughest I've ever made but it is the right one to make at this point in my life,\" Lindgren said. \"I feel that I simply have lost some of the enthusiasm and inspiration needed to participate in a band that has grown from a few guys playing the music we love to a worldwide industry.\" Ex- Arch Enemy guitarist Fredrik \u00c5kesson replaced Lindgren, as \u00c5kerfeldt explained, \"Fredrik was the only name that popped up thinking about a replacement for Peter. In my opinion he's one of the top three guitar players out of Sweden. We all get along great as we've known each other for maybe four years and he already has the experience to take on the circus-like lifestyle we lead as members of Opeth.\" In November 2007, after nearly 200 performances in support of Ghost Reveries , Opeth entered Fascination Street Studios with \u00c5kerfeldt producing. By January 2008, Opeth had recorded 13 songs, including three cover songs. The finished album, Watershed , was released on June 3, 2008, and has seven tracks with cover songs included as bonus tracks on some versions. The album has since debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200, making it their highest-charting album yet. It enjoyed success in many other countries as well, entering the Australian ARIA album charts at number seven, while debuting at number one on Finland 's official album chart. Opeth planned extensive touring in support of Watershed , but some shows in Europe had to be cancelled because of some music festival cancellations and \u00c5kerfeldt coming down with chicken pox . On January 25, 2009, Opeth played their first show in India at IIT Madras's cultural festival Saarang. On March 06, 2009 the band played in the Middle East at the annual Dubai Desert Rock Festival in Dubai . On March 26, 2009 it was announced that Opeth would take part in the first European Progressive Nation tour with bands Dream Theater, Bigelf and Unexpect. On April 24, 2009, Opeth headlined the first day of Metal Hammer Magazine's first UK metal music festival HammerFest. Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt began writing for Opeth's tenth studio album sometime of September 2010 along with Fredrik \u00c5kesson (who co-wrote one song). The band recorded the album titled \"Heritage\" between 31 January-21 February 2011 and released on 14 September 2011 in Japan, following other release dates in various parts of the world.Although he was not the founder of the band, Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt is the only member to appear on every release. He is Opeth's main songwriter and lyricist and has defined much of the band's sound. \u00c5kerfeldt was influenced at a young age by heavy metal bands such as Slayer , Death, Black Sabbath , Celtic Frost, King Diamond and Morbid Angel. \u00c5kerfeldt was later influenced by progressive rock and folk music , both of which had a strong impact on the sound of the band. Opeth's distinct sound combines elements of heavy metal with acoustic passages and elements of progressive metal and progressive rock . \u00c5kerfeldt commented on the diversity of Opeth's music:I don't see the point of playing in a band and going just one way when you can do everything. It would be impossible for us to play just death metal; that is our roots, but we are now a mishmash of everything, and not purists to any form of music. It's impossible for us to do that, and quite frankly I would think of it as boring to be in a band that plays just metal music. We're not afraid to experiment, or to be caught with our pants down, so to speak. That's what keeps us going. Opeth's earlier works often made use of twin-guitar harmonies , but they were abandoned in the band's later work. \"I got tired of it, the whole harmony guitar thing\", \u00c5kerfeldt said. \"It got out of hand in the mid-90s. Every band was doing that thing.\" Most of the band's songs exceed 10 minutes in length, which Aaron Burgess of Alternative Press magazine criticized, stating, \"you can't really be a casual Opeth fan. It takes enough as a listener just to get past the band's epic song lengths.\" Vocally, \u00c5kerfeldt shifts between growling death metal vocals for heavy sections, and clean, sometimes whispered vocals over acoustic passages. While death growls were dominant on the early albums, later releases used more clean vocals, such the 2003 release Damnation which had only clean singing. The band's lyrics often reflect a bleak outlook on life, with subjects such as failed relationships, nature, death, and depression. Some of the band's albums also have a consistent theme or concept throughout, such as Still Life and My Arms, Your Hearse . The songs were put together as one continual piece, with the last word or phrase of each song becoming the title of the next. ", ["2_737"]] [20738, "The 3571 Class was a class of ten 0-4-2T tank engines designed by George Armstrong and built at the Wolverhampton Works of the Great Western Railway in 1895-7. The 3571s, numbered 3571\u20133580 and built as Lot No. C3, were in essence a continuation, and conclusion, of the series of 517 Class built during Armstrong's long period of virtual autonomy at Wolverhampton. They differed from the 517s (apart from No. 1477 in rebuilt form) in that the outside frames were wider, constructed as a continuation of the valence under the running plate. They also differed in carrying larger U Class boilers with longer fireboxes than the R and S Class boilers carried by all but ten of the 517s. None of the 3571s was ever fitted for autotrain working. They spent most of their lives in the Chester and Birkenhead areas; all but two survived to the 1940s, and three into the British Railways era. The last was No. 3574, withdrawn in December 1949. ", ["2_738"]] [20740, "54\u00b039\u203205\u2033N 2\u00b049\u203256\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 54.6514\u00b0N 2.8322\u00b0W \ufeff / 54.6514; -2.8322 The Penrith Hoard is a dispersed hoard of 10th century silver penannular brooches found at Flusco Pike, Newbiggin Moor, near Penrith in Cumbria , and now in the British Museum in London. The largest \"thistle brooch\" was discovered in 1785 and another in 1830, with the bulk of items being recovered in two groups close to each other by archaeologists in 1989. Whether all the finds made close to each other were originally deposited at the same time remains uncertain, but it is thought likely that at least the brooches were. The brooches are thought to have been deposited in about 930.The earliest surviving finds were discovered in what was already called the \"Silver Field\" on Newbiggin Moor by a small boy in 1785, the name suggesting earlier finds, now lost, had been made. In 1830 another smaller thistle brooch was found. Although the exact find spot is not known, this brooch is strongly suspected to have also come from the \"Silver Field\". The usual reason for a hoard being \"dispersed\" is that routine farming operations like ploughing can move some items of a single hoard before they are discovered.Later archaeological investigations in 1989 at the same spot revealed other silver items which confirmed this was a dispersed hoard and not a solitary loss of one brooch. Two groups of items were found in nearby fields: one consisted of five Viking brooches, with fragments of two more, and the other of more than fifty items comprising coins, ingots , jewellery and hacksilver (jewellery and other silver pieces chopped up) of a very similar date. The brooches were declared to be \" treasure trove \" at an inquest held in Penrith on 23 July 1990, and entered the British Museum in 1991, joined by the other hoard in 2009.The penannular brooch, originally a common utilitarian clothes fastening\u2014normally of base metal \u2014in Roman Britain , developed in the post-Roman period into highly elaborate and decorative marks of status in Ireland and Scotland. The brooches, worn by both men and women, were made in precious metals and often decorated with gems. When the Vikings began to raid and settle the British Isles, they took to wearing these brooches, but now in plain silver. The thistle and bossed types represented in the hoard were the most popular styles, both developing out of earlier Celtic styles.It has been speculated that the hoard, with items strongly suggesting an Irish connection, is connected with the events of 927, a date which matches the style of the finds. In that year \"the kings of Strathclyde and Scotland came south to Penrith to pay homage to Athelstan \". Also in the area with his army was the troublesome Norse-Gael king of Dublin , Gofraid ua \u00cdmair , or Gothfrith. Athelstan made the kings, who had apparently been associating with pagan Vikings like Gothrith, renounce idolatry, but \"Gothfrith and company had slipped away in order to attack York \". After briefly making himself king of Northumbria there, he was chased out and replaced by Athelstan later in the year, and went back to Ireland. At some point during these manoevres the hoards may have been deposited.The large thistle brooch soon passed to the Leverian Museum , a private museum in Leicester Square in London. In 1787 a print of it was published, claiming that it was the insignia of the Knights Templar . It was bought by the British Museum in 1909 (M&ME 1909,6-24,2). The brooch discovered in 1830, the largest in the group illustrated, entered the museum in 1904 (M&ME 1904,1102.3). One terminal is missing, and the pin is 52\u00a0cm long. In 1989 two further incomplete thistle brooches and pieces from three bossed-type brooches were found, which are seen with the 1830 brooch in the group illustration above. The most complete of the 1989 group (illustrated above) has a runic futhark scratched on the reverse of the hoop. The other two have interlace around the bosses on the terminals.It is thought likely that all these brooches were originally deposited together and have been dispersed and damaged by ploughing.", ["2_740"]] [20742, "Coretta Scott King , the widow of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. , died on January 30, 2006, after arriving at a rehabilitation center in Rosarito, Baja California , Mexico. Her public funeral followed eight days later at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in her resident state of Georgia . In keeping with her personal wishes, King was buried next to her husband in a crypt on the grounds of the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change . King suffered strokes throughout the year 2005, and had different brushes with diseases, including a mild heart attack . The clinic where Ms. King received medical attention gained exposure surrounding her death. The media coverage was mostly negative, and ultimately the clinic was shut down. Prior to this, King had been released from Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta after regaining some of her speech. Nearly two weeks later, King signed into the clinic in Mexico where she would eventually die. She was seventy-eight years old.Coretta Scott King died late on the evening of January 30, 2006 at the rehabilitation center in Rosarito Beach , Mexico , in the Oasis Hospital where she was undergoing holistic therapy for her stroke and advanced stage ovarian cancer . The main cause of her death is believed to be respiratory failure due to complications from ovarian cancer. The clinic at which she died was called the Hospital Santa Monica, but was licensed as Clinica Santo Tomas. Newspaper reports indicated that it was not legally licensed to \"perform surgery, take X-rays, perform laboratory work or run an internal pharmacy, all of which it was doing.\" It was also founded, owned, and operated by San Diego resident and highly controversial alternative medicine figure Kurt Donsbach . Days after King's death, the Baja California , Mexico , state medical commissioner, Francisco Vera, shut down the clinic. On February 1, 2006, King's body was flown from Mexico to Atlanta. On February 4, 2006, King's body was carried by a horse-drawn carriage to Georgia State Capitol, where she was laid out in honor. She was the first African-American and female to do so. Over 16,000 mourners paid their respects to King as they filed past her casket. Over 14,000 people gathered for Coretta Scott King's eight-hour funeral at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia , Georgia, on February 7, 2006, where daughter Bernice King, who is an elder at the church, eulogized her mother. The megachurch , whose sanctuary seats 10,000, was better able to handle the expected massive crowds than Ebenezer Baptist Church, of which King was a member since the early 1960s and which was the site of her husband's funeral in 1968.U.S. Presidents George W. Bush , Bill Clinton , George H. W. Bush , Jimmy Carter , and their wives attended, with the exception of former First Lady Barbara Bush , who had a previous engagement. The Ford family was absent due to the illness of President Ford (who himself died later that year). George W. Bush canceled a previous engagement to speak about the federal budget in Manchester, New Hampshire, in order to attend the funeral. Numerous other prominent political and civil rights leaders, including then-U.S. senator Barack Obama , attended the televised service.King was interred in a temporary mausoleum on the grounds of the King Center until a permanent place next to her husband's remains could be built. She had expressed to family members and others that she wanted her remains to lie next to her husband's at the King Center. On November 20, 2006, the new mausoleum containing both the bodies of Martin Luther and Coretta King was unveiled in front of friends and family. It is the third resting place of Martin Luther King Jr.President Jimmy Carter and Rev. Joseph Lowery provided funeral orations. With President George W. Bush seated a few feet away, Rev. Lowery, referencing Coretta's vocal opposition to the Iraq War , noted the failure to find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq:\"She deplored the terror inflicted by our smart bombs on missions way afar. . . . We know now there were no weapons of mass destruction over there. But Coretta knew, and we knew, that there are weapons of misdirection right down here. Millions without health insurance. Poverty abounds. For war, billions more, but no more for the poor.\" President Carter, referencing Coretta's lifelong struggle for civil rights, noted that her family had been the target of secret government wiretapping . Their somewhat critical remarks about US government policy were met with thunderous applause and standing ovations . Conservative observers said Lowery's comments were inappropriate in a setting meant to honor the life of Mrs. King, especially considering that President George W. Bush was present at the ceremony. ", ["2_742"]] [20744, "James Francis Calvert (September 8, 1920 \u2013 June 3, 2009) served in the United States Navy , where he commanded USS Skate , the third nuclear submarine commissioned and the second submarine to reach the North Pole , which became the first to surface at the pole. Skate surfaced at the North Pole on 17 March 1959 to commit the ashes of the famed explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins to the Arctic waste. He later served as the 46th superintendent of the United States Naval Academy . Calvert was born on September 8, 1920, in Cleveland , and grew up as an only child. He attended Oberlin College for two years before receiving an appointment to the United States Naval Academy . He graduated on June 19, 1942, completing his coursework at the Naval Academy in three years under an accelerated wartime curriculum. He was assigned to attend the Naval Submarine School at the Naval Submarine Base New London and was given a post on the Gato -class submarine USS Jack , where he served for three years. On Jack , Calvert was responsible for operating the Torpedo Data Computer , an electromechanical analog computer used for torpedo fire-control, and the ships on which he served sank 100,000 tons of enemy ships and damaged an additional 18,000 tons. He was awarded two Silver Stars and two Bronze Star Medals , along with a Letter of Commendation . He was assigned in 1945 to serve as executive officer of USS Haddo , on which he served one war patrol. He was on Haddo in Tokyo Bay during ceremonies for the Japanese surrender. After the end of World War II, Calvert spent three years at the Submarine School as an instructor in the Torpedo Data Computer. He was assigned to serve as executive officer on USS Charr , winning a battle efficiency pennant in both of his years of service on the ship. He was assigned as executive officer of the Tang -class submarine USS Harder when it was commissioned in 1952 and later became commanding officer of USS Trigger , another Tang -class boat. After training by the Atomic Energy Commission , Calvert was assigned to USS Skate , the Navy's third nuclear-powered submarine and the first to be designed for assembly line construction rather than as a one-off prototype. Although Skate first surfaced at the pole on March 17, 1959, Skate first went under the North Pole on August 11, 1958. In 1958 Skate was able to surface in the Arctic, but was unable to surface at the pole itself due to the thickness of the ice. The ability to travel under and break through the ice was a major achievement during the Cold War as it allows the Navy's submarines to avoid detection under the ice while being able to launch their Polaris missiles from points far closer to the Soviet Union . The following year, after traveling 3,000 miles (4,800\u00a0km) to the pole in 12 days, Skate became the first submarine to surface through the ice when it reached the North Pole on March 17, 1959. There they released the ashes of Australian polar explorer Sir George Hubert Wilkins who died in November 1958 and who had been the first to try to reach the pole by submarine; Wilkins had flown over the pole but was never able to set foot there despite numerous attempts. With the support of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover , Calvert rose to vice admiral . He was named as superintendent of the United States Naval Academy in 1968, where he introduced 20 different majors to midshipmen to replace a standardized curriculum of military courses that had previously been taken there. His final posting before retirement was as the last commander of the United States First Fleet , before its disestablishment in 1973.Among the four books he wrote were Silent Running: My Years on a World War II Attack Submarine and the 1960 book Surface at the Pole: The Extraordinary Voyages of the U.S.S. Skate in which he described his experiences at the pole, reminiscing about a polar bear that went into the water, ignoring the submarine nearby. He appeared as himself on the June 11, 1957 episode of the CBS television panel show, To Tell The Truth . His first marriage, to the Nancy Ridgeway King, ended with her death in 1965. Their daughter, Margaret, died in 1994. Calvert died at age 88 on June 3, 2009, at his home in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania due to heart failure . He was survived by his second wife, Margaretta Harrison Battle, whom he married in 1968. He was also survived by two sons from his first marriage, four stepsons and 15 grandchildren. ", ["2_744"]] [20745, "Pierina Legnani (1863\u20131930) was an Italian ballerina who introduced the 32 fouett\u00e9s en tournant to the ballet world in 1893. She was born on 30 September 1863 in Milan , Italy . From 1893 until 1901, she was Prima Ballerina Assoluta at the Mariinsky Theatre , St. Petersburg . Legnani trained at La Scala . Legnani danced Odette/Odile in the 1895 revised version of Swan Lake . Her last performance was in Petipa's La Camargo on 28 January 1901. She retired to her villa at Lake Como . She was on the examining board of La Scala Ballet School until four months before her death. She died on 15 November 1930.", ["2_745"]] [20746, "The B\u00e2ton \u00e0 feu , or Baston \u00e0 feu (French for \"Fire stick\"), is a type of hand cannon developed in the 14th century in Western Europe . This weapon type corresponds to the portable artillery of the second half of 14th century. The B\u00e2ton \u00e0 feu at the Mus\u00e9e de l'Arm\u00e9e in Paris has an hexagonal cross-section, and looks like a steel tube. It weighs 1.04\u00a0kg, and has a length of 18\u00a0cm. Its caliber is 2\u00a0cm.In order to facilitate handling, the metal piece was placed at the end of a wooden pole. The powder was ignited through a small hole at the top, with a red-hot steel stick. This firearms -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_746"]] [20748, "Carl Miller (August 9, 1894 \u2013 January 20, 1979) was an American film actor. He appeared in 48 films from 1917 to 1942, and he remains perhaps best known for his roles in two Charlie Chaplin films: The Kid (1921) and A Woman of Paris (1923). He was born in Wichita County, Texas and died in Honolulu, Hawaii. This article about a United States film actor born in the 1890s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_748"]] [20749, "Malin Vulcano Levanon (born 12 November 1977), also known as Malin Vulcano , is a Swedish actress. She grew up in Gagnef in Dalarna , where she already at the age of eight made her acting debut in the annual summer plays that was made in her village. i She has studied Jerzy Grotowskis drama pedagogic, and has worked with Mike Leighs methods for films. Levanon was awarded a Guldbaggen award in the category Best female lead role for 2016, for her lead role as the character Minna in the film Tjuvheder . The film won a total of five Guldbaggen awards. The same year she also played the character Mamman in the film Flocken , which she won the Filmpublicisternas award for \"Film couple of the Year\" along with colleague Eva Melander . Levanon has also acted in the film \u00c5tertr\u00e4ffen with Anna Odell , which won the Kritikerpristet and Best Debut film at the Venice Film Festival in 2013. The film also won a Guldbaggen award for \"best film\". Levanon in 2016 also won the Northern Lights \"Lights Award\" Casters Critiques Choice honour award in Berlin. Levanon played the leading role as the singer in the Italian film Pornodrome - Una storia dal vivo . She has acted in the film I skuggan av v\u00e4rmen , where she played the character Mia.In 2011, Levanon acted in the SVT TV series Anno 1970, and in the TV series The Bridge she played the character Filippa. In 2012, Levanon played the character Kia in the novel film Gl\u00e4ntan . She won the honour award at the Stockholm International Film Festival . In 2016, she acts in the TV series Black Widows opposite Cissi Forss and Peter Stormare . The series was broadcast on TV3 . Media related to Malin Levanon at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_749"]] [20750, "The United States Post Office is a historic building in Schuyler, Nebraska . It was built by Busboom & Rauh in 1940, and designed in the Moderne style by Louis Simon. Inside, there is a mural by Philip von Saltza . The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 11, 1992. This article about a property in Nebraska on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_750"]] [20751, "Hook 'Em, the official costumed mascot of The University of Texas at Austin's athletic teams, is a prominent figure at various sports events. Hook 'Em is regularly seen on the sidelines of Darrell K Royal\u2013Texas Memorial Stadium during football games, and at the Moody Center for basketball games, engaging fans and contributing to a lively atmosphere. Beyond these sporting events, Hook 'Em's presence can be requested through the Texas Athletics website, allowing the mascot to engage with the broader university community and its supporters. In January 1975, Steven \u201cSox\u201d Sockler (BBA \u201876, MBA \u201878) attended a basketball game against the University of Houston at Gregory Gym. The Cougars brought their costume mascot. Sockler questioned why the Longhorns did not have their own costumed mascot, and his friends at the game challenged him to create one. In April 1975, Sockler proposed the idea to the University Spirit Committee chaired by Wally Pryor. The committee told Sockler to return the next fall semester with a completed costume and it would be considered.In June 1975, Sockler enlisted the services of Hugh Head, an Art Professor at Lamar University , to create the headpiece. The foundation was made using a construction helmet, with welding rods in the crown of the helmet to create horns. The entire frame was enveloped in paper m\u00e2ch\u00e9 and subsequently coated with fiberglass. The rest of the costume was handcrafted by Margaret Sockler, Steven's mother.Upon his return in the autumn, Sockler submitted the costume to the Spirit Committee for their evaluation.Wally Pryor expressed his approval with great enthusiasm, but specified that the mascot would solely be utilized during basketball games. Sockler recalled Pryor's statement, asserting that this adorned mascot is prohibited from making appearances at football games where Bevo holds absolute authority. The policy underwent modifications over the course of time.The unnamed costume made its first appearance at the OU football pep rally held at Gregory Gym. The costume made its next appearance during the inaugural home basketball game in November 1975. At that moment, Sockler passed by the announcer's table and Wally Pryor inquired about the name of the costume. After Sockler declined, Pryor suggested, \"Let's call it 'Hook'Em'.\"Sockler consistently donned the Hook\u2019Em mascot costume for every home basketball game during the 1975-76 season. Subsequently, Sockler contributed Hook'Em to the Spirit Committee, where it remained in use until 1980, when it was substituted for a newer design.Hook 'Em has been part of game day events ever since. Hook 'Em attends more than 250 University of Texas at Austin events at home and across the country each season. In 2014 the Hook 'Em costume was updated to include lighter horns, more defined muscles, and custom made football, basketball, and baseball uniforms. [ citation needed ]Hook 'Em attends nearly all Texas Longhorns games in all sports. In 2015 he appeared at the Texas men's basketball opener against the University of Washington in Shanghai, China. In 2016, he attended the East Lake Cup in Atlanta in support of Texas men's golf.Hook 'Em is also a friend to San Antonio Spurs mascot, the Coyote , and appeared alongside him during the Spurs' University of Texas Spirit Night.Hook 'Em has also appeared at many non-school affiliated events. Hook 'Em attended the Austin City Limits music festival in 2014 to perform with musician Trombone Shorty , and in 2016 to perform with electronic music group Major Lazer . Hook 'Em also attended the 2015 Country Music Awards. He was featured in Brad Paisley's music video for \u201cCountry Nation\u201d. In 2016 Hook 'Em placed 4th in his first UCA Mascot National Championship, beating out his rival, Boomer, the mascot for the University of Oklahoma. Boomer placed 7th. Hook 'Em has been invited to compete in Steamboat Mascot Stampede every year since 2015. The competition is sponsored by former Phillie Phanatic David Raymond. Competing mascots come from various conferences around the nation, including the Big 12 Conference , Southeastern Conference , Big Ten Conference , Pac-12 Conference , and several other smaller schools.", ["2_751"]] [20753, "The Firefly was a streamlined passenger train operated by the St. Louis \u2013 San Francisco Railway (the \"Frisco\"). At various times, it served St Louis, Missouri , Tulsa and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , Kansas City, Missouri , and Fort Scott, Kansas . It made its maiden run on March 29, 1940, and ended May 22, 1960. It was Frisco\u2019s first streamliner, and the first streamliner to be built in the southwest. The Firefly's first regular run was March 29, 1940 over the Kansas City\u2014Tulsa\u2014Oklahoma City route. It was intended to compete with the Santa Fe , which had expanded its diesel streamliner service The Chicagoan/Kansas Cityan/Tulsan to serve Tulsa and Oklahoma City. Despite utilizing elderly steam locomotives, the Firefly ran competitive times, running five hours and five minutes to Tulsa and seven hours and fifteen minutes to Oklahoma City. The Frisco provided convenient daylight service, while the Santa Fe, operating through-service to and from Chicago (a city the Frisco did not serve), arrived at and left from Oklahoma City in the wee hours of the morning. The Firefly proved popular enough to overwhelm its three-car consists, and mismatched conventional cars were often used to enlarge capacity during World War II.In the 1950s the train's itinerary was shortened to Kansas City-Tulsa. The train's last run, between Fort Scott and Tulsa, took place on May 22, 1960; between Fort Scott and Kansas City it ran combined with the Sunnyland . The Firefly was the last Frisco train serving the Tulsa-Fort Scott route. The Frisco decided to fit its steam locomotives with a cowling, described as a torpedo-type jacket giving it the appearance of a bullet-like projectile traveling down the track. The engines were converted by Frisco itself in Springfield, with the first one, No. 1026, being completed in May 1938. The engine was not new; it had originally been built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1910 as an ordinary 4-6-2 \u201cPacific\u201d. Two other engines, Nos. 1018 and 1031, both also Baldwin 4-6-2\u2019s from 1910, were later converted for the Firefly service as well. The driving wheels were enlarged from 69\" to 73\" by means of extremely thick driver tires, for greater speed. Frisco remanufactured the cars too, eventually collecting a fleet of eighty-nine passenger cars painted in the matching blue and gray livery. Two consists were necessary to protect the Firefly' s schedule; each was composed of refurbished heavyweight cars. A standard consist included a baggage-mail coach (16 seats), coach (60 seats), and cafe-parlor car. In later years, the run was powered by various of the road's EMD E-8A locomotives named for racehorses, or by EMD FP-7 locomotives.", ["2_753"]] [20754, "The Tulip Viaduct is a 2,295-foot (700\u00a0m) long railroad bridge (also known as the Greene County Viaduct or Tulip Trestle , and officially designated Bridge X76-6) in Greene County, Indiana , that spans Richland Creek between Solsberry and Tulip . According to Richard Simmons and Francis Haywood Parker, authors of Railroads of Indiana , it is \"easily the state's most spectacular railroad bridge\". The bridge was built in 1905 and 1906 by the Indianapolis Southern Railway and successor Indianapolis Southern Railroad , which became part of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1911. It is now part of the Indianapolis \u2013 Newton, Illinois , line of the Indiana Rail Road . Work on the bridge started on May 22, 1905, when a groundbreaking ceremony was led by Joe Moss. It was finished in December 1906 and, at that time, was the longest rail trestle in the United States and the third longest bridge of its kind in the world. It has 18 towers for support. Other trestles constructed since that time are longer, such as the Hi-Line Railroad Bridge in Valley City, North Dakota , which is 3,860 feet (1,180\u00a0m) long. [ citation needed ]The original cost of the viaduct was $246,504 which is an estimated $20 million in 2020 dollars. This massive structure was built using mostly Italian immigrant laborers. The laborers were paid up to 30 cents an hour (equivalent to $10 in 2023), which was considered to be an excellent wage in 1906. The viaduct was constructed by Indianapolis Southern Railway and secretly financed by Illinois Central Railroad. It was built for train travel to transport coal from Greene County mines to large cities, such as Chicago. Passenger trains once traveled across the viaduct, but passenger service was discontinued in 1948. According to a placard that used to be attached to the western side of the bridge (underneath the tracks on a large I-beam), the bridge was constructed by the New York Bridge Company, not the Indianapolis Southern Railway or its successor the Indianapolis Southern Railroad. In 2004 or earlier, the placard had been removed. Two 45-foot (14\u00a0m) sections were added to the bridge in 1916. Other than that, the bridge is as it was when it was originally constructed.Over the years, a large amount of graffiti has been spray-painted on the trestle, especially at the base of the towers nearest the road. The Indiana Rail Road has retained the graffiti: the thickness of the paint prevents rain and snow from rusting the metal, thus preserving the structure.The bridge is 2,295 feet (700\u00a0m) long and is 157 feet (48\u00a0m) above the ground at its highest point. It was built using 2,700 short tons (2,400\u00a0t) of steel and is composed of individual 40-foot (12\u00a0m) and 74-foot (23\u00a0m) spans supported by eighteen towers. ", ["2_754"]] [20755, "Hasbaya or Hasbeiya ( Arabic : \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627 ) is a town in Lebanon , situated at the foot of Mount Hermon , overlooking a deep amphitheatre from which a brook flows to the Hasbani River . In 1911, the population was about 5,000. The town was a traditional seat of the Chehab family , local rulers under Ottoman suzerainty. They built the Chehabi Citadel, a prominent landmark in the town. The town of Hasbaya is the centre of the Hasbaya District . It can be reached from Marjayoun across the Hasbani bridge, or from Rachaya . Hasbaya is the capital of the Wadi El Taym , a long fertile valley running parallel to the western foot of Mount Hermon . This mountain peak, also called Jabal al Sheikh, rises east of Hasbaya. The town is watered by a small tributary of the Hasbani river . The river also waters the low hills of Wadi El Taym, which are covered with rows of olive trees, an important source of income. [ citation needed ]Near Hasbaya were bitumen pits which were worked in antiquity and in the 19th century up to 1914. Production may have peaked at about 500 tons/year. To the north, at the source of the Hasbani, the ground is volcanic. [ citation needed ]Some travellers have attempted to identify Hasbeya with the biblical Baal-Gad or Baal-Hermon . In the New Testament , the mountain is the site of the transfiguration of Jesus . [ dubious \u2013 discuss ]During the Roman period there was a Temple of Hebbarieh in the area, as evident in the ruins at the foot of Mount Hermon . The castle in Hasbaya was held by the crusaders under Count Oran, but in 1171 the Emirs of the Chehab family captured it after defeating the crusaders in a number of battles. In 1205 this family was confirmed in the lordship of the town and district, which they held till the present time. The oldest standing ruins in Hasbaya date to the Crusader period. After the conquest of the area by the Chehabs Emirs, they fortified the square tower of the Crusader fort and transformed it into a big palace similar to Italian palaces and citadels of the Renaissance . On both sides of its main entrance is the lion, the emblem of the family. The upper floor has 65 rooms, and the largest is decorated with intricate wall paintings. The mosque was built in the 13th century. [ citation needed ]In 1826, an American Protestant mission was established in the town. [ citation needed ]In 1844, a portion of the local Orthodox Christian population converted to Protestantism under the influence of the American mission in Beirut. During the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon , Hasbaya was one of several towns attacked by Druze , leading to a significant rout and massacre of the Christian inhabitants following a long siege. Seventeen Muslim Shihab emirs were also murdered by the Druze, which scholars believe occurred due to their defense of the Christians. Sitt Nayfa, the sister of Sa'id Janbulat, received commendation from the French consul for her efforts in protecting the wives of Christian emirs. On the other hand, the Druze refrained from pillaging the Protestant church in Hasbayya and did not target American missionaries, who were not associated with the Maronites. The Prince of Wales toured the Middle East in the early 1860s, and he and his party stopped Hasbaya on their way to Damascus . The Prince was told that between 800 and 1,000 Christians were killed here by the Druze in the fighting during 1860. Hasbaya keeps its traditions alive and its workshops are still producing traditional clothing. [ citation needed ]In 2014 Druze made up 68,43% and Christians made up 19,72% of registered voters in Hasbaya. 10,63% of the voters were Sunni Muslims . Hasbaya is an attractive town full of history. A good deal of this history transpired at the huge citadel that is today Hasbaya's chief claim to fame. Owned by the Chehab emirs , the citadel forms the major part of a Chehabi compound \u2013 a group of buildings surrounding an unpaved central square 150 metres long and 100 metres wide. Several medieval houses and a mosque make up the rest of the compound, which covers a total of 20,000 square metres. The citadel is situated on a hill overlooking a river which encircles it from the north. A site steeped in mystery, the citadel is so old its origins are uncertain and so big that even today no one is sure how many rooms it contains. The known history of the structure begins with the Crusaders, but it may go back even earlier to an Arab fortification or a Roman building. Won by the Chehabs from the Crusaders in 1172, the fortress was rebuilt by its new owners. [ citation needed ]Since then it has been burned many times in battle and was often the scene of bloody conflict. In the 20th century, it was attacked by rockets during the Israeli occupation of South Lebanon. Amazingly, for almost all of the eight centuries since it fell to the Chehabs , the citadel has been occupied by members of the same family. Today actual ownership is shared by some fifty branches of the family, some of whom live there permanently. [ citation needed ]The building consists of three floors above ground and three subterranean floors. Constructed in stages, often damaged and rebuilt, today the sprawling structure incorporate a mix of styles, building techniques and states of repair. The tower in the southwest corner and the eastern wall-both visible from the third floor \u2013 are easily identifiable as Crusader. Other medieval elements are arrow slit windows and machicolations-small openings through which hot oil or missiles were dropped on the enemy. Despite its primary function as a fortress, the castle also possesses many architectural features. [ citation needed ]Wide steps lead to the main entrance, where the original Crusader door still swings smoothly on 800-year-old hinges. Four metres wide and three metres high, the passage allowed horsemen to enter the castle without dismounting. [ citation needed ]Stone lions, a heraldic emblem of the Chehab family , decorate the wall on either side of the arched portal. Two large lions are depicted in chains, each beside a weak, unchained rabbit. A set of smaller lions appears within the arch above the doorway and just below that is a plaque in Arabic commemorating an addition to the castle made in the year 1009 Hejira by Emir Ali Chehab some 400 years ago. Once through the portal, you enter a huge stone paved courtyard surrounded by castle walls 1.5 meters thick. In addition to the attractive windows, old balconies and staircases, the courtyard has four main points of interest: a limited view of the dungeons, two important arched entrenches and a wing once occupied by the Pasha of Egypt Crusaders buried their dead here and prisoners were kept in its dungeons. [ citation needed ]During the citadel's heyday the lower floors were also used to store water and other suppliers, as well as to house animals. At the far end of the courtyard is a wine arched opening set in a wall of alternating black and white stone. This was the entrance of the \"diwan\" or salon of Sitt Chams, wife of Bechir Chehab II , governor of Mount Lebanon between 1788 and 1840. To the left of the diwan is the wing occupied by ibrahim Pasha of Egypt during his campaign against the Ottomans in 1838. [ citation needed ]Overlooking the modern village of Hasbaya in south Lebanon, the Chehabi Citadel occupied a strategic location for the armies of the First Crusade, who are believed to have built the original fortifications in the eleventh century. The strategically sited outpost was also used by the Chehabi emirs, who ousted the Crusaders from the area in the 1170s and rebuilt much of the citadel complex for military and residential use. Chehabi descendants have continually occupied the site up until this day. [ citation needed ] The 20,000-square-meter complex is centered around a large unpaved courtyard and contains residential buildings and a mosque. Its main portal features a carved image of a lion, the emblem of the Chehabi family . [ citation needed ]Almost a millennium of occupation and war, combined with a lack of maintenance and drainage problems have left the citadel battered, with portions of it in danger of structural failure. A preliminary study of the conditions of the complex revealed that load-bearing walls of the buildings and fortifications are under stress and cracking. Some of the interior vaults and ceilings have collapsed or are nearing collapse, and architectural and interior decoration require additional assessment and repairs. [ citation needed ]The Lebanese Foundation for the Preservation of the Emirs Chehabi Citadel\u2013Hasbaya, led by a member of the Chehabi family, has been established for the purpose of conserving the complex. [ citation needed ]In the direction of Marjeyun and also part of the Hasbaya Caza (3\u00a0km away from the town), there is Souk al Khan , which is located inside a pine forest at the crossing of Hasbaya, Rashaya , Kawkaba and Marjeyun roads. [ citation needed ]There lies the ruins of an old khan where Ali, son of Fakhreddin Maan , was killed in a battle with the Ottoman army. In this khan, a popular weekly market held very Tuesday is visited by traders and visitors from all over the area. Near this site flows the Hasbani, a tributary of the Jordan River.", ["2_755"]] [20756, "Una Lorraine Morris (born 17 January 1947) is a retired Jamaican sprinter , physician , restaurateur , and food caterer . She represented Jamaica at the 1964 , 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics in eight sprint events in total, with the best achievement of fourth place in the 200 metres in 1964. She won a bronze medal in the 4\u00d7100 metres relay at the 1967 Pan American Games . in 1963 and 1964 she was chosen as Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year . [ citation needed ] Currently, she is a radiologist , and was the owner of the Kingston Cafe restaurant in Pasadena , California , which was featured on an episode of the American television reality show Kitchen Nightmares with Gordon Ramsay in 2011. At that time her son, Keone was also involved in the restaurant. In August 2018, the restaurant closed and was converted into a catering business. Bronze medalist in the women's 440 yards Commonwealth games 1966.\nSchool Girl Champion in girls championship 1964 and 1965. Broke the\nJamaican National record in 220 yards and 440 yards as a High Schooler.", ["2_756"]] [20757, "Dortmund-L\u00fctgendortmund station is a single-track, underground terminal station in the city of Dortmund in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . The platform is accessible by stairs, escalator or lift. It was opened in 1993 at the end of an extension of Line S 4 trains of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn . Trains reverse here in order to return to Unna station . It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station . The station was built as part of the extension of a fragment of the Rhenish Railway Company 's Ruhr line , which opened in 1874. Line S 4 services commenced operation to the station on 23 May 1993. The nearest bus stop had been called L\u00fctgendortmunder Markt , but it was renamed Dortmund L\u00fctgendortmund S-Bahn station .Extension of the S 4 line from its current western end in the tunnel at Dortmund-L\u00fctgendortmund was formerly planned to be implemented with a target of opening it in 2015. This would have included an extension of the single-track tunnel to the immediate south of Dortmund-B\u00f6vinghausen station. The S 4 would run from there to Herne on the Duisburg-Ruhrort\u2013Dortmund railway (the Emscher Valley Railway of the Cologne-Minden Railway Company ) and there take over the Herne\u2013 Essen branch of the current S 2 line . The Emschertal-Bahn (RB 43) Regionalbahn service would only operate between Herne and Dorsten . The eastern section of the Emscher Valley Railway between Dortmund-B\u00f6vinghausen and Dortmund Hauptbahnhof would be used by a new line of the Dortmund Stadtbahn . For a long time funds have been available for the construction of the line to B\u00f6vinghausen, however, the financing for the operation of the line is not guaranteed. The Emschertal-Bahn runs between Dortmund-B\u00f6vinghausen and Herne every hour, but the S4 would run between Herne and Essen every twenty minutes as an S-Bahn service, so the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr would have to fund the increased services through savings in other areas. Upon taking office, the transport minister Oliver Wittke called for all such proposals to be re-evaluated. The line extension has been removed from the integrated transportation plan for North Rhine-Westphalia; a resubmission is possible from 2015.L\u00fctgendortmund has other railway stations. The former L\u00fctgendortmund station at the district border with Marten and Kley is now called Dortmund-Germania , after the former Germania colliery. There is also Dortmund L\u00fctgendortmund Nord station on the Duisburg-Ruhrort\u2013Dortmund line.The station is served by S 4 services between L\u00fctgendortmund and Unna via Dortmund Stadthaus and Dortmund-Dorstfeld at 30-minute intervals (15-minute intervals in the peak between Dortmund-L\u00fctgendortmund and Unna-K\u00f6nigsborn ). It is also served by four bus routes operated by BOGESTRA : 336 (at 20-minute intervals), 369 (30), 370 (60) and 378 (20) and four operated by Dortmunder Stadtwerke : 462 (20), 463 (60), 464 (30) and 470 (20). ", ["2_757"]] [20758, "King and Queen Court House is a census-designated place (CDP) in, and the county seat of King and Queen County , Virginia , United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 85. The community runs along State Route 14 , on the north side of the valley of the Mattaponi River . King and Queen Court House is the location of Central High School, a post office, several businesses, and a government complex that includes the county's old and new court houses. The courthouse dates from circa 1750. Union troops burned the building on March 10, 1864, during the American Civil War , but it was repaired and is still in service. On June 20, 1863, scouts of Confederate Brigadier General Montgomery Dent Corse reported a raiding party, 300 strong, burning and destroying the community. Renovation of the historic Fary Tavern began in December 1999, and the King and Queen Courthouse Tavern Museum officially opened to the public in May 2001. The museum's mission is to be an archive, museum and cultural center for King and Queen County history. The King and Queen Historical Society operates the Courthouse Tavern Museum in cooperative partnership with King and Queen County. This King and Queen County, Virginia state location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_758"]] [20759, "Thomas Fitzsimons Junior High School , later The Young Men's Leadership School at Thomas E. FitzSimons High School , was a public secondary school that, in its final years, was a secondary school for boys . It was located at 2601 West Cumberland Street in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States and was a part of the School District of Philadelphia . The school was named after Thomas FitzSimons , who was a signer of the Constitution of the United States . The school building was designed by architect Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1926. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 as the Thomas Fitzsimons Junior High School. In September 2005, the Philadelphia School District converted FitzSimons Middle School, a coeducational middle school managed by Victory Schools Inc. since 2002, into an all-male middle and high school. During that year, the district established The Young Women\u2019s Leadership School at E. Washington Rhodes High School for females. The males zoned to the former FitzSimons and Rhodes zones were assigned to FitzSimons, while the females in the zones were assigned to Rhodes. After the redesign, FitzSimons reported increases in assaults targeting students and teachers. Margaret Harrington, the chief operating officer of Victory, described FitzSimons as having a \"transition problem.\" Martha Woodall of the Philadelphia Inquirer stated in a 2006 article that the boys assigned to FitzSimons had tension with the boys assigned to Rhodes and that tensions increased when the schools combined. Richard H. Jenkins Sr., the principal of FitzSimons, said in that Philadelphia Inquirer article that he began establishing order with the students as the 2005-2006 school year progressed. Victory Schools was relieved of responsibility for the school; for the 2009-2010 school year, the school returned to the authority of Philadelphia Public Schools. At the end of the 2010-2011 school year, the Philadelphia School District relieved Principal Darryl C. Overton of his duties as the school transitioned from The Young Men's Leadership School at Thomas FitzSimons High School to Thomas FitSimons High School-Promise Academy. In August 2011, budgetary issues and political unrest within the Philadelphia School District negatively impacted the school's direction, and Thomas FitzSimons High School did not open as a Promise Academy. However, that school year, Thomas Fitzsimons High School operated as a comprehensive neighborhood high school, adopting some of the reform measures associated with the Promise Academy model. The new school, led by Principal Jafar Baraka, focused on re-shaping academic programing, highlighting gender-based education, systems building to address school safety and climate, and instructional rigor and parental partnerships. In the spring of 2012, Thomas FitzSimons High School earned AYP or \" Adequate Yearly Progress\" in two educational categories under the Safe Harbor designation for the first time since the adoption and implementation of the NCLB legislation of 2000.During the summer of 2012, KIPP Du Bois Collegiate Academy, a charter high school that is part of the national KIPP network of charter schools , was housed in the Fitzsimons Building. In 2013, FitzSimons High School doors officially closed. The students who were at Rhodes were reassigned to Strawberry Mansion High School . Feeder elementary schools included Thomas M. Peirce Elementary School, Anna B. Pratt School, John G. Whittier School, and Richard R. Wright School. Ethel Allen School, feeds into FitzSimons. ", ["2_759"]] [20761, "The W.G. Bowman House is a historic house in Nogales, Arizona . It was built in 1918 for Wirt Bowman , a businessman who served as the mayor of Nogales from 1918 to 1919 and as a member of the Arizona House of Representatives from 1919 to 1920. It was designed in the Classical Revival architectural style . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 29, 1985. This article about a property in Arizona on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_761"]] [20762, "Historic Camden Revolutionary War Site is a national historic district and open-air museum located in Camden , Kershaw County, South Carolina , United States. Roughly 40 minutes away from Columbia , the state capitol, it is one of the state's largest tourist attractions. The 107-acre site is also known as Historic Camden Revolutionary War Restoration, and as the British Revolutionary War Fortifications. Camden contains preserved structures and grounds that are representative of the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War . The site is managed by a consortium of private donors and local governments. The area is also an affiliated unit of the National Park Service . Following the loss of Charleston, Camden was captured and served as the main British supply post from the spring of 1780 to the spring of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War , and served as their garrison for two major engagements, the Battle of Camden and Battle of Hobkirk's Hill . Camden was also strategic in maintaining Britain's control of South Carolina's back country. At the time, Camden consisted of two city blocks of period homes and military barracks surrounded by a palisade log fence, and further protected by five redoubt and three other fortified features (a house, a jail, and a powder magazine) which were placed strategically from 100 to 1000 feet outside the town itself. The desire to control this territory was great for the British, as Camden was located on a crossroads of the routes to the largest Southern cities of Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia . The location of the principal Battle of Camden is nine miles (14\u00a0km) north of the site, while several other skirmishes occurred within 20 miles (32\u00a0km) of the town. Between the summers of 1780 and 1781, the British were able to claim victory in many of these assaults, but with high casualty rates. These costly struggles both weakened the Redcoats as a unit and spurred the momentum of an anti-war movement in the British Isles.The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Camden is significant due to the role it played during the war. It was a direct result of England's attempt during late 1779 to attempt to gain control of all the southern colonies. Included within the park are a variety of reconstructed and refurbished structures from the colonial-era town site. Many of the restored buildings contain Revolutionary War artifacts recovered from the site. The museum has a Facebook page that provides visitors with updates, announcements, historical facts about the site, and photos and video of reenactments.For many years during the first weekend in November, Historic Camden hosted the popular event, \"Revolutionary War Field Days\". In 2020 the reenactment, operated by Southern Campaign 1780, moved to 1208 Keys Lane in Kershaw, SC. This change was made to due to changes in the administration and space limitations at the Historic Camden venue.The museum also offers various guided and unguided tours along with a .7-mile nature trail and picnic area. Historic Camden also allows people to volunteer at the site. Camden is mainly funded by charitable donations and small local government funding, so volunteers are key to maintaining it and its facilities.", ["2_762"]] [20763, "Mount Vernon Harcourt , also unofficially known as Mount Harcourt , is a conical stratovolcano , that rises over 1,535 meters, making up part of the Hallett Peninsula extending into the Ross Sea about 375\u00a0mi (604\u00a0km) south of Mount Erebus , along with three overlapping shield volcanoes . The mountain was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for the Reverend William Vernon Harcourt , one of the founders of the British Association . Mount Vernon Harcourt is part of the Hallett Volcanic Province of the McMurdo Volcanic Group . Two dates have been obtained from the volcano's rock, roughly 5.5 and 6.6 million years in age. These samples are alkalic in composition. This Borchgrevink Coast location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_763"]] [20764, "Natalie Frank (born 1980) is an American artist. Currently living and working in New York City , her work deals with themes of power, sexuality, gender, feminism, and identity. Although Frank is best known as a painter, she has also explored other mediums including sculpture and drawing. Her most famous works are a series of drawings of the original, unsanitized Brothers Grimm fairy tales . Frank was born in Austin, Texas in 1980. Growing, up Frank enjoyed reading and was very imaginative. At the age of ten, Frank moved from Austin to Dallas where she lived and attended school for the next eight years. Frank was a high school National Merit Finalist , but was denied a place in the National Honor Society due to conflicts with school administrators over her drawings from life. Frank earned her BA in Studio Art from Yale University in 2002, and her MFA in Visual Arts from Columbia University in 2006. In 2003, Frank earned a Fulbright Scholarship to the National Academy of Fine Art in Oslo, Norway. She has also studied at the L'\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 2001, and the Florence Academy of Art in 2000, among others. In 2013, Frank was diagnosed with a lack of stereoscopic vision \u2014she has limited depth perception and needs corrective lenses, which the artist credits as the inspiration to create 3D figures. Artists, Rembrandt and Pablo Picasso , both had the same eye condition. Frank's work is marked by disturbing, explicit, and grotesque subject matter that revolves around themes including women, sexuality, gender, violence, and humanity. She often blurs the line between reality and fantasy, and the artist notes that she wants her work to be located on the edge of Magical Realism and the real world, the former in literature being a major source of inspiration for Frank. With oil on canvas and mixed media making up the bulk of her work, Frank is praised for her classical techniques that elicit references to the fleshy figures of Francis Bacon . Artists who she credits as inspirations include Edgar Degas , Diego Vel\u00e1zquez , K\u00e4the Kollwitz , Francisco Goya , and Robert Gober .In 2006, while she was still completing her masters at Columbia, Frank had her first solo show at the Briggs Robinson Gallery; art critic Charlie Finch notes that the gallery's director, Bettina Smith, was looking for an upcoming art world star and curated the resulting show of Frank's work. In 2013, Frank made her West Coast solo show debut at ACME Los Angeles . Titled \"The Scene of Disappearance,\" the show included works depicting home life through intimate and grotesque portraits of bodies set in interior spaces, blurring the line between abstraction and realism. Reoccurring themes in the show included dreams, the subconscious, alienation, and distress. This exhibition also marked the first time Frank worked with collage.Frank has had solo exhibitions at Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Mitchell-Innes & Nash, Arndt & Partner in Z\u00fcrich , and at Fredericks Freiser. Her work is included in multiple museum collections, including the Whitney Museum of American Art , the Brooklyn Museum , and the Blanton Museum of Art . Frank's work was included in the 2022 exhibition Women Painting Women at the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth . In 2011, artist Paula Rego suggested that Frank read the original, unsanitized versions of the Brothers Grimm fairy tales , noting that the series embodied many of the themes present in Frank's work. Frank was intrigued, and spent the next three years creating 75 gouache and chalk pastel drawings of 36 of the original stories, including well known tales including Rapunzel and Cinderella , as well as lesser known ones like The Lettuce Donkey . The series marks the first time Frank drew inspiration from literature and is one of the only complex, systematic examination of the original tales by a contemporary artist. Frank refers to the series as \"drawings\" instead of \"illustrations\" to demonstrate her interpretation of the series through a feminist lens. To accentuate the dark nature of the tales, Frank uses bright, often neon colors. Instead of working from life, Frank uses photographs of models that often include family and friends\u2014a portrait of her father appears in \"All Fur,\" and her grandfather's face floats next to the headless body of Bluebeard in one of the series' drawings. In 2015, the Drawing Center opened an exhibition of twenty-five of the Brothers Grimm drawings, organized by senior curator Claire Gilman, garnering reviews in Artforum , Artinfo , The Wall Street Journal , the Financial Times , Interview Magazine , and Vulture , among others. An expanded version of the exhibition opened at the Blanton Museum of Art in Austin, Texas in July 2015. Frank also created an illustrated book of the Grimms Fairy Tales after reaching out to prominent Grimm scholar Jack Zipes during research for the drawing series. Included are thirty-six stories, beginning with \"The Frog King\" and ending with \"The Golden Key,\" as almost every iteration of the series throughout the years has done. In addition to the illustrated stories, art historian Linda Nochlin , scholar Jack Zipes, director Julie Taymor , and curator Claire Gilman contributed scholarly essays to the volume. ", ["2_764"]] [20765, "Cyfrwy is a subsidiary summit of Cadair Idris in the Snowdonia National Park , in Gwynedd , northwest Wales . It lies to the west of Cadair Idris and is often climbed with Cadair Idris by taking the Pony Path. The summit is bare and rocky and marked with a cairn. The north and east face has large cliffs. A rock climb/extreme scramble known as the Cyfrwy Arete is found here. This arete is very steep and rope and rock climbing skills will be needed. To the west is Tyrrau Mawr and Craig-y-llyn , while to the south is Craig Cwm Amarch . 52\u00b041\u203258\u2033N 3\u00b054\u203225\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 52.699428\u00b0N 3.907032\u00b0W \ufeff / 52.699428; -3.907032", ["2_765"]] [20766, "Sweetwater Dam is a dam across the Sweetwater River in San Diego County, California . It is located approximately 12 miles (19\u00a0km) east of San Diego , 9 miles (14\u00a0km) and borders Bonita to the southwest and La Presa to the northeast. The 108-foot (33\u00a0m)-high masonry arch dam impounds 960-acre (390\u00a0ha) Sweetwater Reservoir . The dam was first constructed in 1888 as part of a system of reservoirs on San Diego County rivers designed to provide water to irrigate crops along the coast and to supply the city of San Diego and its outlying towns. Over the next few decades the dam was raised and retrofitted several times from its original height of 60 feet (18\u00a0m). In 1916, a heavy flood caused both abutments of the dam to fail. The rest of the dam did not sustain heavy damage and it remains in use for flood control, water storage and recreation.Sweetwater Dam is a concrete thick Arch-gravity dam , straddling the Sweetwater River to form a reservoir capable of holding 28,079 acre-feet (34,635,000\u00a0m 3 ) of water. It is 108 feet (33\u00a0m) high and 700 feet (210\u00a0m) long, with a thickness of 46 feet (14\u00a0m) at the base. It is equipped with an intake tower on the upstream end connected to a high-pressure conduit that cuts through the base of the dam designed to release water from different depths of the reservoir; if water is released from a lower elevation the outflow will be greater. However, due to the low flow of the river, there is typically only a trickle of water below the dam as it impounds all the inflow from upstream. Occasional large floods do hit the area, so the dam is designed to survive overtoppings and also has a pair of seven-gated spillways capable of handling more than 45,000 cubic feet per second (1,300\u00a0m 3 /s). The dam is operated in conjunction with Loveland Dam and its reservoir approximately 19 miles (31\u00a0km) upstream for flood control purposes. The dam serves as a backup water storage facility for the San Diego metropolitan area today in the case of drought, and provides some local municipal water. The reservoir serves for wildlife management and recreation among other uses. Despite having a mild climate and fertile soils, the San Diego area has a semiarid climate, and thus in its rivers most of the flow occurs during the winter months, causing devastating floods. Conversely, in the summer, most of the smaller streams dry up and the larger waterways are reduced to trickles, leading to equally dangerous droughts. The bedrock of the region has notably low permeability, leaving little groundwater available (particularly when compared to nearby Los Angeles and Orange Counties). The Sweetwater River, along with others such as the San Diego River and the San Luis Rey River , was one of the few streams that did flow with abundance year round. As the population of the region grew, however, the river could no longer provide what was needed in the dry season. One of the area's early settlers, Frank A. Kimball , was the first to suggest the building of a dam on this particular reach of the Sweetwater River in 1869. Here the river after departing a broad valley cuts through a steep and narrow gorge, providing an ideal site for a reservoir. The original blueprints for the dam, drawn by a F. E. Brown, called for a thin-arch dam 50 feet (15\u00a0m) high and barely wider on its crest than at its base, capable of holding some 3,700 acre-feet (4,600,000\u00a0m 3 ). Groundbreaking of the dam was on November 17, 1886 and a quarry was excavated on the south side of the gorge early the following year to provide masonry rubble for the dam. Following groundbreaking, the dam's foundations were laid by the San Diego Land and Town Company as a large stone-and-cement block 36 feet (11\u00a0m) thick and 15 feet (4.6\u00a0m) high. During the early stages of construction the Sweetwater River was diverted underneath the foundation structure into a square masonry culvert 30 inches (76\u00a0cm) in diameter. The tunnel provided sufficient discharge capacity for the river past the dam site, as 1886\u20131887 were below average precipitation years. However, in February 1887, the river swelled due to a minor storm and overflowed the foundations for two days. No significant damage was wrought. As construction progressed, the original thin arch design was considered both unstable and inadequate for the county's growing water needs. Thus the projected height of the dam was increased to 60 feet (18\u00a0m) and the base thickness increased by 26 feet (7.9\u00a0m). A series of specialized stone steps were constructed on the faces of the dam to provide for future increases in height. The stone used in the dam's construction was quarried from a large rock outcropping about 800 feet (240\u00a0m) downstream on the south bank of the river. There were two types of stone, both metamorphic and one iron-rich, and both were considered excellent for the dam's construction. Sand was excavated from the river bottom for use in cement mixing; this was also declared exceptionally suitable. As the dam rose to a height of 45 feet (14\u00a0m), the outlet tunnel at the base was sealed, and the water rose behind the structure to a controlled depth of 35 feet (11\u00a0m) for leakage testing purposes. The dam held and no significant seepage was recorded. Horses and mules were used to transport stone from the quarry to the dam site using carts. At the construction site, four to five derricks ranging in height from 30 to 50 feet (9.1 to 15.2\u00a0m) were used to facilitate placement of the stone and cement, bucket by bucket, the latter of which was being made on-site. The dam was topped out on April 7, 1888 to a height of 90 feet (27\u00a0m) above its foundations. To the south of the structure was constructed the spillway or \"waste weir\", consisting of eight overflow channels separated by masonry piers. Controlled by a series of wooden boards, the spillway could handle up to 1,500 cubic feet per second (42\u00a0m 3 /s). A total of 20,507 cubic yards (15,679\u00a0m 3 ) of material were used in the construction of the dam, including 17,562 barrels of cement. The total cost came to $234,074.11, including preliminary investigations and purchase of the land to be flooded by the reservoir. The dedication ceremony was on April 19, and over three thousand people came to watch. At that time, the dam was the highest masonry arch dam in the United States and was considered an engineering marvel and tourist attraction. In the winter of 1895, heavy rains caused the Sweetwater River to rise to record levels, and the dam's outlets and spillways were unable to handle the excess inflow of water. For more than 40 hours during the peak of the storm, the reservoir overtopped the dam by nearly two feet, spilling over in a massive waterfall. The floods caused severe damage to the abutments of the dam and eroded the riverbed below, but the dam survived. In response to the danger of future floods, work began in 1910 to raise the dam to a height of 110 feet (34\u00a0m). To do this, a 20-foot (6.1\u00a0m)-tall vertical masonry parapet was added to the top of the dam, the spillways were reconstructed, and the intake tower was raised. This was finished in 1911, and gave the reservoir an additional capacity of about 4,000 acre-feet (4,900,000\u00a0m 3 ). In the winter of 1915, southern California was experiencing a devastating drought that had drained area reservoirs to record low levels over more than three consecutive years, causing massive agricultural and ranching losses. Residents of San Diego County were so desperate that the city of San Diego hired a man called Charles Hatfield , known as \"the Rainmaker\". The city promised Hatfield $10,000 if he could make it rain significantly by the end of the year. Hatfield's venture was apparently a success, but it is not known what actually caused the massive floods that tore through the county beginning December 9, the day after he started his ill-fated scheme. More than thirty-nine inches (991\u00a0mm) of rain fell during the following month, and storms continued deluging the county well into early 1916. The area's rivers and streams rose to their highest recorded levels in years. More than 200 bridges were washed out, entire communities were swept away, levees collapsed, and valleys were inundated. All the bridges along the San Diego, Sweetwater and Otay rivers were washed out except for a rail bridge that was left standing alone with its ends missing. The earthen Otay Dam , several miles southeast of the Sweetwater on the Otay River , burst on January 27 sending a wall of water into southern Chula Vista. Flooding deposited so much sediment that the southern end of San Diego Bay was filled with it \u2013 much of the sand remains today in the form of shoals that must be periodically dredged to accommodate boat traffic. The Sweetwater River rose until it reached a peak flow of 45,500 cubic feet per second (1,290\u00a0m 3 /s) on January 30, 1916 and though the dam had been increased in height and its spillway capacity enlarged, this did little to prevent it from overflowing. The reservoir overtopped the dam crest by an estimated 3.5 feet (1.1\u00a0m) in an event similar to, but far larger than 1895. The river breached the north abutment of the dam, then soon after the south end just left of the spillway went with it. Like in 1895, the main structure of the dam was not heavily damaged but the river eroded enough material around the structure to allow two-thirds of the reservoir to drain. The failure of the dam caused extensive damage downstream, including the destruction of over 15,000\u00a0ft (4,572\u00a0m) of Sweetwater Water Co. pipeline, all railway track and electric utility lines. The dam was subsequently rebuilt and an additional spillway added to pass future floods. In 1939 and 1940, the dam received a major overhaul in which the 1911 parapet was lowered by two feet and built into an emergency spillway as the two existing spillways were considered insufficient to handle large floods. The dam then came under the ownership of the Sweetwater Authority , which still runs the dam today. In the late 20th century, a new concrete coating was applied to the dam in an attempt to stop leakage. However, the dam's spillways were still considered inadequate to handle more than 20 percent of a \"probable maximum flood\". On April 7, 2006, Sweetwater Dam was recognized as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers . ", ["2_766"]] [20767, "Arne Skaug (6 November 1906 \u2013 4 March 1974) was a Norwegian economist, civil servant, diplomat and politician for the Labour Party . He is known as director of Statistics Norway from 1946 to 1948, Norwegian Minister of Trade and Shipping from 1955 to 1962 and later ambassador. He was born in Horten as a son of Johan Anton Skaug (1881\u20131956) and Jenny Lovise Olsen (1882\u20131917). He graduated with the cand.oecon. degree in 1930, and was hired as a secretary in Statistics Norway in the same year. He continued to work there, except for study leaves from 1935 to 1936 in London . In 1935 and 1936 he released two books: Tidens sosial\u00f8konomi and D\u00f8r vi ut? Befolkningssp\u00f8rsm\u00e5let og arbeiderbevegelsen , both written together with Aase Lion\u00e6s . In 1939 he was hired in the Ministry of Provisioning , and was a research fellow in economics. He then spent the war years in the United States; first with studies from 1939 to 1941 and as assisting professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison from 1941. From 1942 to 1946 he worked for Norwegian government in New York City and Washington DC . In 1946 he returned to Norway to become the director of Statistics Norway. In May 1948 he left to become State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , becoming the first in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to hold the State Secretary position, which had been introduced in 1947. He left this position in February 1949 to become the Norwegian ambassador to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris . From January 1955 to January 1962 he served as the Minister of Trade and Shipping in Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet . He was also the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs from August to October 1957 and December 1960 to February 1961, when Halvard Lange had absences of leave. He was then the ambassador to the United Kingdom and Ireland from 1962 to 1968, and to Denmark from 1968 to 1974. He died in March 1974. Skaug was heavily decorated. He was a Commander of the Greek Order of the Phoenix , and held the Grand Cross of the British Royal Victorian Order , the Swedish Order of the Polar Star , the Portuguese Order of Christ , the Siamese Order of the White Elephant , the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun , the Danish Order of the Dannebrog , the Belgian Order of the Crown , the Icelandic Order of the Falcon , the Finnish Order of the Lion and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . ", ["2_767"]] [20768, "USS Burrows (DD-29) was a modified Paulding -class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I and later in the United States Coast Guard , designated (CG-10) . She was the second ship named for Lieutenant William Ward Burrows II . Burrows was launched on 23 June 1910 by New York Shipbuilding Company , Camden, New Jersey , sponsored by Miss Lorna Dorthea Burrows, a relative of Lieutenant Burrows, and commissioned on 21 February 1911.Prior to World War I, Burrows was attached to the Torpedo Flotilla , Atlantic Fleet , and operated along the east coast and in Cuban waters, performing tactical maneuvers, war games, torpedo practice, and gunnery. Early in 1916, Burrows was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol in the Staten Island \u2013 Long Island area of New York. When the United States entered World War I, Burrows patrolled the Lower Harbor, New York. On 7 April 1917, she reported to Commander, Squadron 2, Patrol Force , and carried out an unfruitful search for a German raider reported in the vicinity of Nantucket, Massachusetts . On 10 April, she was detached from Squadron 2 and reported to Philadelphia Navy Yard , where she was fitted out for distant service.In June, she sailed from New York with Group 2, Cruiser and Transport Force , to escort the convoy which carried the first American Expeditionary Force to reach France . She arrived in the Loire River on 27 June 1917, and was assigned to patrol the south coast of Ireland , operating out of Queenstown, Ireland . Burrows patrolled; escorted convoys; answered Allied distress calls; landed survivors; and fought enemy submarines that hunted in the English Channel . On one occasion, she was in trouble with a broken oil line, which caused a fire on board. Four other destroyers assisted her in putting it out, but two crew members lost their lives. With the cessation of hostilities, she performed various duties at Brest, France , and was present at the reception of President Woodrow Wilson on 13 December 1918, when George Washington and escort arrived.Burrows arrived at Philadelphia on 2 January 1919. She operated along the eastern seaboard for several months, and in June reported to Philadelphia Navy Yard. Burrows was decommissioned on 12 December 1919.In June 1924, she was transferred to the Treasury Department for use by the Coast Guard. She was based in New London, Connecticut as part of the Rum Patrol .Burrows was returned to the Navy on 2 May 1931. Burrows was later scrapped in accordance with the London Naval Treaty .", ["2_768"]] [20769, "The East Lancs OmniTown was a low-floor midibus body sold in the United Kingdom by East Lancs and Scania . It used the Scania N94UB chassis, which is the single-decker version of the N94UD double-decker chassis, with East Lancashire Coachbuilders bodywork. It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as the OmniTown chassis. [ by whom? ] The confusion concerning the chassis, and indeed the buses, arises due to the complexity of the OmniTown's and other Scania products' histories. A batch of N94UB chassis were bodied by East Lancs . In early 2002, receiving the Myllennium style of bodywork, as fitted to DAF SB220 and Dennis Dart SLF chassis. These were delivered to London Easylink , then were transferred to East Thames Buses as the ELS class, and were, in essence, OmniTowns, but lacked the Scania identity, the Scania badges were added the following year. [ citation needed ]Mayne of Manchester also bought two Scania N94UBs with East Lancs Myllennium bodies in 2004. After the acquisition of its bus business by Stagecoach , they were renumbered 28506 (YN53GFJ) and 28507 (YN53PCV). [ citation needed ]The first batch of OmniTowns with a different bodywork style to appear in the United Kingdom were delivered to Nottingham City Transport in 2004 for use on tram feeder services. [ better\u00a0source\u00a0needed ] The bodywork, in common with the OmniDekka , was built by East Lancs but received front and rear panels from Scania, to match the OmniCity / OmniDekka . The body only differed from the East Lancs Myllennium in terms of the front and rear panels.In 2006 [ when? ] , the OmniTown could temporarily be ordered with modified Esteem front and rear panels. This version is currently operating with Metrobus and Plymouth Citybus . The central part of the bodywork was the same as the OmniTown. [ citation needed ]", ["2_769"]] [20770, "Kingfisher Country Park is a country park situated in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in England, straddling the historic border of Warwickshire and Worcestershire , mostly within the former. Initially designated as Project Kingfisher by Birmingham City Council , the park was formally declared a country park in July 2004. The country park is located along an 11\u00a0km (6.8\u00a0mi) stretch of the River Cole from Small Heath in Birmingham to Chelmsley Wood at the M6 motorway . It is a Local Nature Reserve . The overall aim of the project was to preserve and care for the River Cole valley. The project was inaugurated in 1985.Both the Birmingham City Council and the Solihull MBC sponsored the project in a joint venture. Charities and organisations that funded the project were:The country park has an area of around 1,000 acres (4.0\u00a0km 2 ) and crosses the border between Birmingham and the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull . Within the original project, and now surrounding the country park, are several local nature reserves. These include Yorks Wood which was declared a local nature reserve by Solihull MBC in the 1990s after purchasing it in the 1980s. Other nature reserves include Babbs Mill Lake and Alcott Wood. Cole Bank, Smiths Wood, Elmdon Nature Park and Elmdon Coppice are proposed local nature reserves. Flowing through the country park is the River Cole which forms the River Cole Valley. The valley is home to different wildlife habitats and different types of landscape . The area contains a number of artificial lakes surrounded by plants ranging from grassland , wetland and woodland which dates back hundreds of years. Babbs Mill Lake in Kingshurst was dug to be a balancing feature in times of flooding at the river. Shard End Lake was created as a result of an old quarry being filled with water. The area is open to cyclists and walkers who can walk along the river towards other nearby country parks such as Shire Country Park and also walk to other places such as the Grand Union Canal , Coleshill , Kingshurst Brook, Meriden Park and Sheldon Country Park .Animals seen along the river include herons , kingfishers (note the project name), water voles and mink . In the ponds created in Shard End , many invertebrates have nested as well as many amphibians . Skylarks have been seen around the course grassland and they have bred successfully for a number of years.", ["2_770"]] [20771, "Rashepses was a vizier from the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt . Rashepses was vizier under Djedkare Isesi . A letter directed to Rashepses has been preserved. This decree is inscribed in his tomb in Saqqara . As vizier he was one of the most important Ancient Egyptian officials. In his tomb are many titles recorded. It seems that he was first overseer of the scribes of the royal documents , overseer of the two granaries and overseer of all royal works . These are all very important titles, making him an influential official at the royal court. At the final stage of his career he became vizier. The vizier title is only preserved in two letters that are copied on the decoration of the tomb. It seems that most of his tomb was finished and after all that, he was promoted. Rashepses was buried in Saqqara. It received the number LG16 from the expedition under Karl Richard Lepsius , that recorded the tomb in the middle of the 19th century. His mastaba is located north of funerary complex of Djoser among a group of tombs of the Fifth Dynasty, along with his contemporaries Perneb and Raemka .The tomb is decorated with classic images of the presentation of offerings and a set of scenes related to the funerary cult of the vizier. The underground burial chamber is decorated with paintings. Decorated burial chambers are common at the end of the Fifth Dynasty and in the Sixth Dynasty. The burial chamber of Rashepses might be the earliest decorated one. In the serdab , a head of a wooden statue was discovered with the type of headdress which became very popular in the Sixth dynasty . This head is now in the Imhotep Museum .This Ancient Egypt biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_771"]] [20773, "Pieter Alex \"Lex\" van Kreuningen (born 29 September 1937) is a retired Dutch road cyclist who was active between 1959 and 1964. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 100\u00a0km team time trial and individual road race and finished in fourth place in the time trial. He also won the Ronde van Limburg (1960) and Ronde van Nederland (1963), as well as two stages of the Tour de l'Avenir (1962 and 1963). This biographical article related to Dutch cycling is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_773"]] [20774, "Gullstein Church ( Norwegian : Gullstein kirke ) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Aure Municipality in M\u00f8re og Romsdal county, Norway . It is located in the village of Gullstein , on the western coast of the island of Tustna . It is the main church for the Tustna parish which is part of the Ytre Nordm\u00f8re prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of M\u00f8re . The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1869 by the architect Christian Christie . The church seats about 300 people. Historically, the island of Tustna was part of the Ed\u00f8y Church parish. The church was located across the 5-kilometre (3.1\u00a0mi) wide Ed\u00f8yfjorden . This was sometimes a very difficult journey for the people of Tustna to get to church. During the 1850s, it is said that a total of 20 people died while crossing the fjord to go to church. In 1860, the people of the island of Tustna petitioned for their own church on the island. The formalities of approvals, planning, and construction took nearly ten years to complete, but the church was finally completed in 1869. It was designed by Christian Christie and built in the village of Gullstein on the east coast of the island. The new church was consecrated on 21 November 1869. The wooden long church has a tower on the west end and a sacristy on the north side of the chancel which sits on the east end. ", ["2_774"]] [20775, "Die Goldenen Zitronen (\"The Golden Lemons\") are a German punk rock band from Hamburg , formed in 1984. They are considered a forerunner to the \" Hamburger Schule \" and are noted for their left-wing politics. Formed by Schorsch Kamerun (vocals), Ale Sexfeind (drums), Ted Gaier (bass, guitar), and Aldo Moro (guitar, bass), the band have released thirteen albums to date. Of the original line-up only Kamerun and Gaier remain, who both developed a number of side-projects. Initially they combined hard rock with 1970s-era punk and lyrics that were both angry, yet comedic and pop -like. The band rejected the traditional music industry, seeing themselves as a symbol of artistic independence not wanting to \"serve the structures of rock\" (Ted Gaier). Of the founding members, only Schorsch Kamerun and Ted Gaier remain. The new members are Thomas Wenzel ( Die Sterne ) under the pseudonym Julius Block, keyboarder and drummer Mense Reents (Egoexpress, Stella), and Enno Paluca.In 1986, Die Goldenen Zitronen courted initial attention with their single \"Am Tag als Thomas Anders starb\" (\"on the day Thomas Anders died\"). Their subsequent release, \"F\u00fcr Immer Punk\", was a cult hit in the German punk scene, inspiring comparisons with bands such as Abw\u00e4rts , Die Toten Hosen , and Die \u00c4rzte .The band developed their style further with 1990s Fuck You , in which they mock popular rock groups and protest against the tedium of daily life.1994's Das Bisschen Totschlag saw a major musical transition, in which Zitronen mixed their usual power-rock style with elements of garage-trash, electro-beat, hip-hop and noise-pop. This trend of experimentation continued with 1996's Economy Class which was influenced by improvisational jazz.With 1998's Dead School Hamburg (a jab at the Hamburger Schule trend of music), the band further altered their style, pursuing a greater emphasis on electronic instrumentation. Their album Schafott zum Fahrstuhl , takes a more avant-garde direction.Die Goldenen Zitronen have had a diverse number of collaborators, ranging from the poet Franz Josef Degenhardt to new acts such as Chicks on Speed or Peaches .", ["2_775"]] [20778, "Banda del R\u00edo Sal\u00ed is a city in the Tucum\u00e1n Province , Argentina. It is the department seat and the largest and most populated city in the Cruz Alta Department. The 2010 Census counted a population of 63,226. The city is part of the Greater San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n area and its largest employer is the Concepci\u00f3n Sugar Mill, the only remaining such facility after Pres. Juan Carlos Ongan\u00eda had the state-owned Lastenia Mill closed in 1966.This article about a place in Tucum\u00e1n Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_778"]] [20779, "Call Field is a former World War I military airfield, located 4.6 miles (7.4\u00a0km) southwest of Wichita Falls , Texas. It operated as a training field for the United States Army Air Service between 1917 until 1919. The airfield was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established in 1918 after the United States entry into World War I. Call Field was named for 1st Lieutenant Loren H. Call who reported for aeronautical duty at College Park, Maryland on 19 October 1912. In the winter of 1912\u20131913, he and Lieutenant E. L. Ellington were sent to Palm Beach , Florida, in charge of the Signal Corps Aviation Station. From Palm Beach, Lieutenant Call was ordered to Texas City, Texas , and it was there that he was killed in an airplane accident on 8 July 1913. In April 1917 after the United States' entry into World War I, the Army announced its intention of establishing a series of camps to train prospective pilots. Frank Kell of Wichita Falls organized an effort to attract the army to the city. In June 1917, the Department of War sent a cadre of officers to the Wichita Falls, Texas, area to survey sites for an aviation school. The group decided on a location about 5 miles southwest of Wichita Falls. By 17 August 1917, Kell and others successfully raised $35,000 and had a commitment from the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad to extend tracks to the proposed site of the camp. On 27 August construction began of the training field began. Call Field had forty-six buildings, which included twelve hangars that housed four to eight planes each, a hospital, and six barracks that held 175 men each. In May 1918 four additional hangars and a row of lofts to hold carrier pigeons were built. It covered over 700 acres and could accommodate up to 1,000 personnel. Dozens of wooden buildings served as headquarters, maintenance, and officers\u2019 quarters. Enlisted men had to bivouac in tents. In May 1918 four additional hangars and a row of lofts to hold carrier pigeons were built. In November, when 85 percent of the work was completed, Maj. J. B. Brooks arrived to inspect the facilities. On 10 November he was named commander. On 29 November the 163d Aero Squadron, equipped with six Curtiss JN-4 Jenny trainers arrived from Kelly Field, and the field had 600 pilots by late December. Most of the JN-4 Jennys to be used for flight training, however, were shipped in wooden crates by railcar. On 15 January 1918 the army gave final approval of Call Field. Call Field served as a base for advanced observer training. It offered a five-week course for observers and a four-week course for pilots. Its student capacity was 300. It also operated a Reserve Military Aviator's Concentration School with one squadron. Training units assigned to Call Field: Service units trained at Call Field: During its operation 3,000 officers, cadets, and enlisted men were stationed at Call Field, and 500 officers received their wings there. Two squadrons left the training facility for overseas duty. Thirty-four men lost their lives during training exercises, the smallest number of fatalities of any training center. With the sudden end of World War I in November 1918, the future operational status of Call Field was unknown. Many local officials speculated that the U.S. government would keep the field open because of the outstanding combat record established by Call-trained pilots in Europe. Locals also pointed to the optimal weather conditions in the North Texas area for flight training. Cadets in flight training on 11 November 1918 were allowed to complete their training, however no new cadets were assigned to the base. Also the separate training squadrons were consolidated into a single Flying School detachment, as many of the personnel assigned were being demobilized. Finally, flight training activities ceased on November 8, 1919. In December 1919 Call Field was deactivated as an active duty airfield, however, and a small caretaker unit was assigned to the facility. The War Department had ordered the small caretaker force to dismantle all remaining structures and to sell them as surplus. In 1920 Ernest Hall, a former instructor at Call Field, operated a flying school at the facility. The Wichita Polo Club briefly used a portion of the land for its polo field. In 1937 the Wichita Falls Junior Chamber of Commerce and American Legion erected a small marker near the gates of the old field in memory of the thirty-four men who were killed during training. For a number of years the site was the scene of memorial services by the Call Field Veterans Association.Today, the name is perpetuated by a street in Wichita Falls named Call Field Road.This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency", ["2_779"]] [20780, "Reculver Towers 51\u00b022\u203245\u2033N 1\u00b011\u203253\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 51.3792\u00b0N 1.1981\u00b0E \ufeff / 51.3792; 1.1981 \ufeff ( Viking Coastal Trail ) Margate 51\u00b023\u203214\u2033N 1\u00b022\u203241\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 51.3871\u00b0N 1.378\u00b0E \ufeff / 51.3871; 1.378 \ufeff ( Viking Coastal Trail ) Broadstairs 51\u00b021\u203230\u2033N 1\u00b026\u203233\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 51.3582\u00b0N 1.4426\u00b0E \ufeff / 51.3582; 1.4426 \ufeff ( Viking Coastal Trail ) Ramsgate 51\u00b019\u203256\u2033N 1\u00b025\u203215\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 51.3323\u00b0N 1.4209\u00b0E \ufeff / 51.3323; 1.4209 \ufeff ( Viking Coastal Trail ) Pegwell Bay 51\u00b019\u203233\u2033N 1\u00b021\u203258\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 51.3258\u00b0N 1.3661\u00b0E \ufeff / 51.3258; 1.3661 \ufeff ( Viking Coastal Trail ) The Viking Coastal Trail is a 25-mile multi-user route around the Isle of Thanet , keeping as close as is possible to the coast. It is also Regional Route 15 of the National Cycle Network . From Reculver (going clock-wise), the trail passes through Margate , Broadstairs and Ramsgate to reach Pegwell Bay , where Vikings first landed in Kent. The Trail then, uses an inland route on quiet lanes (except the short section beside the A299 ), passing through a couple of villages with ancient churches including Minster-in-Thanet Abbey and St Nicholas at Wade , to return to Reculver.The trail was devised by a collaboration of Douglas Bush (the Thanet representative for cycling tour club Right To Cycle, the local secretary of the Thanet Cycle Forum and a member of the East Kent cycle campaign group Spokes), Sustrans (British charity to promote sustainable transport) and Thanet District Council . Olympic athlete Kelly Holmes MBE opened the Trail, on Sunday 10 June 2001. Total cost of the trail (including design, construction and marketing) is about \u00a3500,000 divided roughly equally between Kent County Council and Thanet District Council. It is largely traffic free (especially along the coast). On-road 46% - Off-road 54% . The coastal route also follows (in most sections) the route of the Saxon Shore Way (long distance footpath). But the inland section of the trail is still being upgraded and improved, such as the section between the A299 Thanet Way and Reculver. At Sandwich it connects to National Cycle Route 1 to head to Canterbury . At Reculver, the trail links to Wantsum Walk to Upstreet (following an old river route) and Oyster Bay Trail (leading to Whitstable, along the coastline).The Trail forms the route for many charity local cycle rides, including Thanet Road Runner mountain bike duathlon, which starts as a short 2.4-mile road run from Minnis Bay and continues with nine miles of cycling before another run of 4.5 miles. It is also used by the British Heart Foundation for its annual Viking Bike Ride. Canterbury Christ Church University College studied the economic impact of the Viking Coastal Trail in 2003. 364 cyclists were interviewed between May and August. \nThey concluded that the overall economic impact of the Trail equates to around \u00a3293,297 per year. \nThe Trail is Kent\u2019s No. 1 cycle route. Used by at Ramsgate \u2013 27,965, Westgate \u2013 39,616 cyclists in 2003 during June and August. ", ["2_780"]] [20782, "Beinn nan Eun (743 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It is located in Easter Ross , several miles northwest of Dingwall . A very remote peak, it is located on the wild moorland above Loch Glass . Ben Wyvis lies to its south. 57\u00b044\u203249\u2033N 4\u00b036\u203240\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 57.747\u00b0N 4.611\u00b0W \ufeff / 57.747; -4.611This Highland location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_782"]] [20783, "Ventos-Dubysos kanalas ( Lithuanian : Ventos\u2013Dubysos kanalas ; Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b , Vindavsky channel) is an abandoned canal connecting the Dubysa River near Bazilionai , \u0160iauliai district to the Venta River near Tolu\u010diai \u0160auk\u0117n\u0173 , Kelm\u0117 District of Lithuania . The canal was designed and built in the early 19th century as part of canal system to connect the Vistula River at the center of the Kingdom of Poland with the Baltic seaport of Ventspils . The first section (the August\u00f3w Canal ) was completed, but work was halted on the Windawski Canal due to the unrest caused by the Uprising of 1831 against Russia .In 1821 Prussia introduced repressively high customs duties for transit of Polish and Lithuanian goods through its territory, practically blocking the access to the sea for Polish traders operating outside of Prussian territory. The idea of Polish Minister of Economy, Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki , was to make the new trade route independent of the Prussian seaports of Danzig (Gda\u0144sk) on the Vistula River and Memel (Klaip\u0117da) on the Neman River , and link the center of the Kingdom of Poland with the Baltic seaport of Ventspils ( Polish : Windawa ). The canal was designed and built in two sections, the first being the August\u00f3w Canal , located in then the August\u00f3w Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland , providing a direct link between the Vistula River , through the Biebrza River \u2013 a tributary of the Narew River , and the Neman River , through its tributary \u2013 the Czarna Hancza River . The final \"Windawski\" section of the waterway (Windawski Canal), which was to connect the Neman River , through its tributary \u2013 the Dubysa River , with the Venta River located in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire . The canal was based on the Kartuva rivulet.In 1822 Duke Alexander of W\u00fcrttemberg became the Head of Communications Department and commenced several river channel projects in western Russia. Stanis\u0142aw Kierbed\u017a , a noted bridge engineer, built a bridge across the canal in 1830. Work on the canal was interrupted by unrest caused by the Uprising of 1831 against Russia and trade agreements with Prussia. A battle occurred during World War I along the banks of the canal. The work resumed only at the beginning of the 20th century but was interrupted again by World War I. After the war there was no purpose for the canal as Lithuania gained control over the Klaip\u0117da Region and lower reaches of Neman River.On 19 April 2005, the Canal was listed as engineering monument S1073 on the Republic of Lithuania's cultural heritage register. The canal is 15\u00a0km in length and was designed to have 20 locks .55\u00b047\u203240\u2033N 23\u00b008\u203220\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 55.79444\u00b0N 23.13889\u00b0E \ufeff / 55.79444; 23.13889", ["2_783"]] [20784, "3 Volvo diesel generators RMV Scillonian III is a passenger ship based at Penzance in Cornwall , England, United Kingdom, run by the Isles of Scilly Steamship Company . She operates the principal ferry service to the Isles of Scilly and is one of only three ships in the world still carrying the status of Royal Mail Ship (hence RMV \u2013 Royal Mail Vessel).RMV Scillonian III was purpose built for the Steamship Company by Appledore Shipbuilders Ltd of Appledore in Devon and was christened by H.R.H. Prince Charles, Duke of Cornwall on 17 May 1977 and entered service later in the same month. She is the third passenger ship to carry the Scillonian name and made her first trip to Scilly on 19 May 1977, sailing from Bideford to St Mary's . On the arrival of the new ship, critics found it \"too big, they will never hold her, not suitable or not as good a sea boat as the old boat\" (the same had happened when the first Scillonian went into service in 1926 and again with her replacement in 1956). Scillonian III has a length of 68 m, a beam of 11.85 m, a draft of 2.89 m, a gross tonnage of 1255.25, and a service speed of 15.15 knots (28.06\u00a0km/h). Due to the number of tidal currents which meet off Land's End, and the need for a shallow draught to allow access to the Islands, the sea journey can be rough, causing sea sickness . For this reason the ship is fitted with a \"flume\" antiroll stabiliser system. The ship is also designed to have a shallow draft and can sit on the seabed when there is insufficient water. Scillonian III is currently in service for passengers and cargo eight months of the year, carrying up to 485 passengers (the current licensed limit) for day trips or longer holidays to the Islands. As a preferred means of transport between Scilly and the mainland, she is a familiar sight in Penzance and St Mary's , often photographed by tourists and also featured in the BBC series, An Island Parish .In 1998, faced with the cost of building a new ship, the company decided to give Scillonian III a major refit, during which over 50 tons of steel were used to increase the standard of the ship. The ship also had three new generators and a new bow thruster fitted. The cost was \u00a31.7 million. In early 2007, press reports indicated that Cornwall County Council was expected to approve plans for the construction of a new ro-ro ferry at a cost of \u00a317.5 million. This vessel would be leased to the Isles of Scilly Steamship Company and would replace both Scillonian III and Gry Maritha . The scheme subsequently collapsed. During the winter of 2012\u201313 the ship underwent a \u00a32\u00a0million overhaul which refurbished the passenger accommodation and also extended the ship's service life to 2018. The ship's 40th anniversary was in May 2017 and during that time she has made more than 9,000 return journeys, travelled more than 648,000 nautical miles (1,200,000\u00a0km) and carried more than 1,458,000 passengers. From new in 1977 Scillonian III operated a year-round route through all weather conditions to service the cargo and passenger transport to and from Penzance and the island of St. Mary's, in the Isles of Scilly. At that time she would run a regular single daily service on weekdays leaving at 0915 from Penzance and then returning to Penzance from St. Mary's leaving at 1530. On Saturdays she was scheduled to run a double service leaving earlier in the morning and making a quick turnaround at lunchtime in St. Mary's and then performing a second return voyage in the afternoon. In 1990 it was decided to change the service and only run a seasonal operation. The Isles of Scilly Steamship Company Ltd. later purchased a smaller cargo vessel purely for freight and Scillonian III was put into maintenance and repair during the winter months.Scillonian III now runs between Penzance and Hugh Town, St. Mary's for about eight months only, from early spring (March/April) until autumn (October/November). Through the winter months, she is laid up in Penzance harbour and a cargo-only service to the Isles of Scilly is then provided by Gry Maritha . The annual winter period is used to carry out a maintenance programme, during which Scillonian III is painted and undergoes technical inspections as well as surveys for passenger vessel certification by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency . The ferry's season thus largely coincides with the tourist season on the Isles of Scilly, which normally runs from Easter to the first weekend in October. The ferry is in fact so closely associated with the summer season on Scilly that for many people, \"the sight of the ship Scillonian III [arriving in the Isles of Scilly] is a celebrated indication that spring has sprung.\" During her months of operation, Scillonian III follows a regular schedule. The ferry normally sails six days a week from Monday to Saturday, typically leaving Penzance at 09:15 am and arriving in Hugh Town around 12:00 noon, which means a sailing time of approximately 2 hours 40 minutes. This is the vessel's standard schedule, which only sees occasional variations on Saturdays. On most days, when Scillonian III sails from the UK mainland at 09:15, she will stay in Hugh Town until 16:30. On some occasions, when changing tides or weather forecasts affect her sailings so that she has to leave Penzance at about 10:30, she will leave Hugh Town again around 15:00, and on the few days when she needs to sail from Penzance at about 08:30, she will depart Hugh Town at about 11:15. Times and dates may also change due to school holidays, special occasions and unexpected events. Two sailings a day, Sunday or night sailings are rare and usually only arranged by the Steamship Company when an exceptionally high number of passengers depend on the ferry service. This may be the case on busy weekends at the start of the summer season, around the World Pilot Gig Championships , and more regularly during the year when the air services between the Isles of Scilly and the mainland are grounded due to poor visibility (see \"Notable events\" below).Scillonian III is part of the emergency response and civil contingency for incidents occurring on the Isles of Scilly.On 26 March 1997, when the 300-ft container vessel Cita hit rocks off the south coast of the Isles of Scilly, the crew of the stricken vessel were rescued by St Mary's Lifeboat with the support of a helicopter from RNAS Culdrose . They returned to the UK mainland on board Scillonian III later that afternoon. As air traffic to Scilly was suspended for the day due to poor visibility on the mainland, the government authorities chartered the Scillonian III to make a night sailing from Penzance to bring officials, shipwreck specialists and police reinforcements to St Mary's. [ citation needed ]On Monday 12 August 2002, Scillonian III could not sail because of a technical fault, leaving hundreds of tourists temporarily stranded on St Mary's. The ferry had to remain docked in Penzance while engineers worked on the fault. Travellers booked in for the sailing were advised to make alternative arrangements; however British International and Skybus services struggled to cope with the massive extra demand for seats, the problem made worse by one of British International's two helicopters being grounded. Cancellation of Scillonian III 's sailing mainly affected day trip passengers to Scilly and visitors staying in guesthouses , as in many cases they could not be re-accommodated in the same guesthouse. Freight services to St Mary's were also disrupted by the cancellation, so Gry Maritha had to make a rescheduled Monday night sailing to deliver fruit and vegetables to the Isles of Scilly. On 17 June 2010, a Scilly shrew made headlines on BBC Cornwall when it stowed away from the Isles of Scilly on Scillonian III . The small 2 in (5\u00a0cm) mammal was discovered in a corner of the Upper Deck as the ferry was about to arrive in Penzance and staff were clearing the area near the gangway. Paul Semmens, the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust 's onboard marine guide, identified the animal as a shrew about two months old and looked after it for the night. The next day, the shrew was flown back from Penzance to Scilly on a Skybus plane and released back into its natural environment. Managers at the Isles of Scilly Steamship Company said they thought it could have been the smallest passenger ever to travel on Scillonian III and the Skybus. On 21 April 2011, Scillonian III was issued with her new certificate by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency so her carrying capacity of 600 passengers could be reinstated. This came in time for the start of the summer season on the Isles of Scilly and the World Pilot Gig Championships . On 2 May 2011, the cancellation of a Scillonian III sailing on the bank holiday after the World Pilot Gig Championships weekend left visitors stranded on St Mary's. Two sailings were scheduled that day to take gig rowers home. Scillonian III departed for the first sailing as planned, but with weather conditions worsening in the strong Easterlies and waves crashing onto the pier in Penzance it became unsafe to berth and she had to spend three hours circling in Mount's Bay , waiting until high tide with 450 passengers on board. When the second sailing was then cancelled, council staff opened up emergency accommodation at their Carn Thomas offices and Town Hall to provide shelter for visitors stranded on St Mary's. On 29 June 2011, a passenger had to be airlifted from Scillonian III by a rescue helicopter from RNAS Culdrose after complaining about severe chest pains. The day trip visitor had become unwell around 30 minutes out of Penzance, so a doctor travelling on board asked for the helicopter. The ferry retreated to a more sheltered part of the coast, near Mousehole , so the patient could be winched up without having to cope with the strong winds. On 24 May 2013, Scillonian III ran aground in St Mary's Harbour after being caught by a gust of wind, while attempting to berth by normal approach at low tide . The captain was intending to retreat and wait for the tide to rise when wind blew her shoreward and she made contact with the bottom, stranding 203 passengers for more than an hour. Two moorings were lost as a result and a smaller boat received superficial damage, but nobody was hurt and a later inspection by divers revealed that there was no damage to the Scillonian III . She left as scheduled at 4.30pm that afternoon. On Wednesday 28 August 2019, Scillonian III had to return to Penzance after she suffered a technical fault mid-crossing which caused the ship to be out of service for four days, leading to significant travel disruption between the islands and mainland. The mechanical issue related to a pump serving both engines' hydraulics and lubrication systems. Engineering teams in Penzance undertook a complex strip down and rebuild process to access and carry out repairs, complicated and further delayed when one of the replacement parts delivered was found to have a hairline fracture and had to be reordered.The Isles of Scilly Steamship Company sought to relieve the situation by using its Skybus service. A total of 52 additional Skybus flights were put on between Thursday 28 August 2019 and Sunday 1 September 2019, moving approx. 1,100 passengers due to have sailed. However, air capacity was insufficient to move all affected passengers and several hundred people remained on the islands awaiting the resumption of the ferry service. The story of 'stranded passengers' attracted local and national news coverage. The Isles of Scilly Steamship Company issued a statement praising residents and businesses on the islands and its own team members, \u2033for the way they have pulled together in what have been unprecedented circumstances to deal with the issue, support passengers and ensure no one on the islands has been left without proper accommodation.\u2033The Scillonian III returned to service on Sunday 1 September 2019 and completed a double sailing on Monday 2 September 2019, clearing the backlog of affected passengers. Normal scheduled sailings resumed on Tuesday 3 September 2019.Scillonian III is to be replaced by a new vessel, to be named Scillonian IV. The new vessel, designed by BMT , will be 72m long and carry 600 passengers. It will be able to travel at 18 knots and is designed specifically to improve passenger comfort.The Isles of Scilly Steamship Group signed contracts with French shipbuilding company Piriou in January 2024 for the construction of both the Scillonian IV and a new freight vessel. The new vessels are expected to enter service in 2026. In 1977 Scillonian III went into service with her hull and superstructure painted white, her crane , funnel davits and masts were buff (yellow) without further markings. Some time after Gry Maritha was acquired, Scillonian III ' s funnel and crane were painted blue to closer match the colours of the other ship, despite the Gry Maritha being a lighter colour blue with a white superstructure. For two seasons after the change of schedule post 1990, the lower half of her hull was painted dark blue with the upper half and superstructure, remaining white. The funnel was painted blue and white striped with a house flag, painted on the sides in the white stripe. The crane, davits and masts were painted blue.Thereafter the hull was returned to its original white colour with the flag on the side of the funnel becoming a stylized fluttering company house flag without the red lettering. Following customer feedback and comments about the change of colour, the colour scheme was returned to the original white and buff, but with the addition of the fluttering house flag, complete with the red lettering. For much of the first decade of the 21st century, Scillonian III remained in this appearance.Shortly before the start of the 2010 season, the colours of the ferry's funnel were again changed, this time to white and a black soot ring around the top with a smaller emblem from the marketing material, of the Steamship Company consists of a stylized, flag like, overall shape made up of four quadrant shapes that are not parallel, the left being blue and the right being red. The crane, masts and davits remained in the buff colour.", ["2_784"]] [20786, "Gabriele Ferzetti (born Pasquale Ferzetti ; 17 March 1925 \u2013 2 December 2015) was an Italian actor. He has appeared in over 160 movies and television programs. His career was at its peak in the 1950s and 1960s. He was known for his roles in Lo Zappatore , Puccini , Casa Ricordi , The Bible: In the Beginning , On Her Majesty's Secret Service , and in Once Upon a Time in the West . Ferzetti was born on 17 March 1925 in Rome , Italy . He died in Rome on 2 December 2015 at the age of 90.", ["2_786"]] [20787, "The University of Bristol Botanic Garden is a botanical garden in Bristol , England. The garden moved to its current site in Stoke Bishop in 2005, having previously been at two other sites in the city. The 4,500 species of plants are displayed in collections relating to evolution, Mediterranean, local flora and rare natives and finally useful plants. The University of Bristol established a botanic garden in 1882 at Royal Fort House adjacent to Tyndall Avenue. It was laid out by Adolf Leipner. This site was later known as the Hiatt Baker Garden.In 1959 the site of the Botanic Garden was used to build the university's Senate House. The botanic collection was moved to the spacious gardens of Bracken Hill beside North Road, Leigh Woods, near the Clifton Suspension Bridge . The Bracken Hill house and gardens had been established in 1886 by Melville Wills , a noted benefactor to Bristol University.Bracken Hill house and some of the gardens continued to be used by the plant pathology and other services of the government's National Agricultural Advisory Service (NAAS), advising farmers and growers from Herefordshire and Dorset to Lands End during and after World War II when UK-grown crops were vital to minimise rationing . See, for instance, the cereal and vegetable diseases work of Lawrence Ogilvie at Bracken Hill. The NAAS staff, laboratories and offices had moved there from the Long Ashton Research Station also to the west of Bristol. In 2005 a new garden was created in the grounds of 'The Holmes', a site in Stoke Bishop opposite Churchill Hall , and a number of the botanic collections, which supported the new themes, were transplanted. The new garden designed by Land Use Consultants advised by Peter Crane , was the first University Botanic Garden built in the UK in the 21st century. The Holmes had been built in 1879 and had a 1.77 hectares (4.4 acres) ornamental garden. It had been used by United States Army staff during the preparations for the Normandy landings during World War II . Various organised tours and visits are available along with some horticultural talks and courses. The garden has 640 square metres (6,900\u00a0sq\u00a0ft) of greenhouses divided into cool, warm-temperate, sub-tropic and tropical zones which house plants from the evolution collection. The tropical zone includes a raised pool with aquatic plants including the water lily Victoria cruziana . The displays include 4500 plant species. These are divided into collections of evolution, Mediterranean, local-flora, rare-native, and finally useful plants. The useful-plant displays include herb gardens with western, Chinese and herbal medicine, including species used in Ayurvedic and Southern African medicine. Displays of plants from the Mediterranean climate region include those from several continents. Plant evolution is illustrated by several displays. The local-flora and rare-native collection includes the unusual species found in the Avon Gorge , Mendip Hills , Somerset Levels and surrounding areas. These plants include the Bristol Onion , Cheddar Pink and various species of Whitebeam . ", ["2_787"]] [20790, "Li Jianrou ( Chinese : \u674e\u575a\u67d4 ; pinyin : L\u01d0 Ji\u0101nr\u00f3u ; Mandarin pronunciation: [li\u0300\u00a0t\u0255j\u025b\u0301n\u00a0\u027bo\u030c\u028a] ; born 15 August 1986 in Jilin City , Jilin Province) is a Chinese Short track Speed skater . She won a gold medal in the 500 m event of the 2014 Winter Olympics . She is the 2012 Overall World Champion . She represented China in the 2014 Winter Olympic's Ladies' 500 m event, 1000 m event and 1500 m event. She competed with China's women's relay team in the Ladies' 3000 m relay Finals and Semifinals. Li took up the sport at the age of 10 in her hometown, Jilin, China . Educated at the Northeast Normal University in Changchun , she joined the national team in 2007 under the coaching of Li Yan . Li made her debut at the 2010 Speed Skating World Cup for China and in 2011, she was given the Sports Honour medal. In 2014, she finally achieved her ambition of participating in the Sochi Winter Olympics .This biographical article on a speed skater from the People's Republic of China is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_790"]] [20791, "Hatsuo Hidaka ( \u65e5\u9ad8 \u521d\u7537 , Hidaka Hatsuo , May 7, 1915 \u2013 July 15, 2010) was an officer and ace fighter pilot in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific theater of World War II . Graduating from Kasumigaura Naval Air Group in November 1934, Hidaka joined the first division, the 15th Air Group bound to Hankou as a Petty Officer, 3rd Class on November 1, 1937 bound to Hankou with the flight time of 1,040 hours. During May and July 1943, Hidaka was stationed at Truk Island and often flew to Rabaul airfield on New Britain . In aerial combat over China and the Pacific, [ notes 1 ] he was officially credited with destroying 11 enemy aircraft. Hidaka survived World War II.This biographical article related to the military of Japan is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_791"]] [20792, "Venantius of Camerino ( Italian : San Venanzio , also known as Saint Wigand ) (died 18 May 251 or 253) is the patron saint of Camerino , Italy and Raiano, Italy. Christian tradition holds that he was a 15-year-old who was tortured, and martyred by decapitation at Camerino during the persecutions of Decius . Martyred with him were 10 other Christians, including the priest Porphyrius, Venantius' tutor; and Leontius, bishop of Camerino. Before Venantius was killed, he was scourged, burned with flaming torches, hanged upside-down over a fire, had his teeth knocked out and his jaw broken, thrown to the lions , and tossed over a high cliff . His 11th century Acts state additionally that he managed to briefly escape from Camerino and hide at Raiano, where a church was later dedicated to him. Venantius was buried outside the city walls of Camerino, where a basilica was built in the fifth century, and later rebuilt many times in succeeding centuries. The cult of Venantius became popular: his image appeared on coins and his name in litanies ; springs near the basilica, which were associated with the saint, were used by lepers and people with peptic ulcers to cure their afflictions. Venantius subsequently replaced Saint Ansovinus as the city's patron saint.In 1259, during the destruction and sacking of Camerino by the troops of Manfred of Sicily , the relics of Venantius were transported to safety to the Castel dell'Ovo at Naples . They were restored to Camerino in 1269 by order of Pope Clement IV , an opponent of Manfred.In the 17th century, Pope Clement X , who was a former bishop of Camerino , further contributed to the spread of his cult: he raised the saint's feast to the level of a double rite and composed hymns for Venantius' office.In the General Roman Calendar of 1670\u20131969 he has a third-class feast on 18 May.", ["2_792"]] [20793, "The Waterloo Helmet (also known as the Waterloo Bridge Helmet ) is a pre-Roman Celtic bronze ceremonial horned helmet with repouss\u00e9 decoration in the La T\u00e8ne style , dating to circa 150\u201350 BC, that was found in 1868 in the River Thames by Waterloo Bridge in London , England . It is now on display at the British Museum in London. The helmet was dredged from the bed of the River Thames close to Waterloo Bridge in 1868, and in March of the same year it was given on loan to the British Museum by Thames Conservancy . In 1988 its successor body, the Port of London Authority , donated the helmet to the British Museum. The main part of the helmet is constructed from two sheets of bronze, one forming the front and one the back of the helmet, that are riveted together at the sides and top. A separate crescent-shaped bronze piece is riveted to the bottom of the front sheet, and two conical bronze horns with terminal knobs are riveted to the top of the helmet. A decorative strip with a row of rivets overlays the join between the front and back sheets, and goes around the base of the horns. At the end of the strip, on both sides of the helmet, is a ring fitting for a chin-strap or cheekpiece. There are a number of small holes around the bottom edge, which may have been used to attach a lining. The helmet was decorated with six bronze studs, one of which is now missing, three on the front and three on the back. These have cross scores on them that suggest they were designed to hold red glass enamel studs, but these are no longer present. There is also a repouss\u00e9 decoration in the La T\u00e8ne style on the front and back of the helmet. The design is similar to that on the Snettisham Great Torc . Being made from thin bronze sheets, the helmet would have been too fragile for use in battle, and so it was probably intended to be used for ceremonial or parade purposes. In this respect it is similar to Iron Age bronze shields that have been found, which would not have been effective against contemporary weapons and could only have been used for display purposes. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the helmet is in any case too small for most adult males, and may have been worn by a wooden statue of a Celtic deity. It is thought that the reason why the Waterloo Helmet and ceremonial bronze shields such as the Battersea Shield and Witham Shield were all found in rivers is that they were thrown into the river as votive offerings to the gods. The Waterloo Helmet is one of only three Iron Age helmets found in England and also the only horned helmet dating to the Iron Age to have been found anywhere in Europe. However, there are several Iron Age depictions of people wearing horned helmets from elsewhere in Europe. There are some carvings of Gauls wearing horned helmets on the triumphal arch at Orange, France , dating to c.55 BC, but these are very different from the Waterloo Helmet. Whereas the Waterloo Helmet has straight, conical horns with a broad base that are stylised representations of animal horns, the helmets depicted on the carvings at Orange show realistic, curved bull's horns between which is placed an upright wheel. Similar to the depictions on the triumphal arch of Orange is the image of a leaping figure wearing a horned helmet and holding a wheel on the Gundestrup cauldron from Denmark, dating to the 1st century BC. This helmet is of a different shape from the Waterloo Helmet, and the horns are curved like those at Orange, but like the Waterloo Helmet the horns of the helmet are not sharply pointed, but are fitted with terminal knobs. An Iron Age bas-relief at Brague , near Antibes in France, also shows representations of people wearing horned helmets. Despite the depictions of horned helmets on the triumphal arch of Orange and elsewhere, the Waterloo Helmet remains the only known example of an actual horned helmet from this period, and other Iron Age helmets that have been found, such as the Canterbury helmet and the Meyrick Helmet from northern Britain, are hornless. Nevertheless, influenced by the iconic features of the Waterloo Helmet, modern artistic interpretations of Iron Age people tend to show them wearing horned helmets, which has led Miranda Aldhouse-Green , professor of archaeology at Cardiff University , to comment that it is \"unfortunate that it has found such a firm place in many popular reconstructions of British warriors\". ", ["2_793"]] [20794, "Merchants Manor Hotel is a hotel set on a hill above the town of Falmouth in Cornwall . Originally a mansion built in 1913 for the Carne family of merchants and brewers who developed the screw\u2013cap bottle, in 1958, it became known as the Green Lawns Hotel . It became the Merchants Manor Hotel in 2012. This article about a hotel or resort in the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a building or structure in Cornwall is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_794"]] [20795, "The Leather District is a neighborhood of Boston near South Street, between the Financial District and Chinatown . The Leather District (occasionally referred to as the \"LD\") is a tightly defined area bounded by Kneeland Street to the south, Essex Street to the north, Atlantic Avenue to the east and Lincoln Street to the west. It is so named due to the dominance of the leather industry in the late 19th century. The district did not exist until Boston's land-making expansions filled in the former South Cove during the 1830s, making way for the development of this area as well as Chinatown. It was at first developed as a residential area, but became the center of the city's leather industry after the Great Boston Fire of 1872 , which devastated the city's business district and led to the introduction of stringent commercial fire codes. The buildings constructed in this district between the 1880s and 1920 reflect these constraints, and the needs of the leather manufacturers to efficiently use their spaces. Ground floors were designed to showcase merchandise, and the second floors housed offices. Upper floors were used for storage, the top floors being reserved for the slowest-moving merchandise.Many of the buildings were designed by architects, notably including Peabody and Stearns and Willard T. Sears, with a significant influence of the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The district is the most homogeneous 19th-century commercial district in the city, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. 42\u00b021\u203202\u2033N 71\u00b003\u203227\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 42.3506\u00b0N 71.0574\u00b0W \ufeff / 42.3506; -71.0574", ["2_795"]] [20797, "Richmond Hill Law School is a historic home and law school building located near Richmond Hill , Yadkin County, North Carolina . It was built in 1848, and is a two-story, three-bay, \"T\"-plan, brick building. It has a low hipped roof and deep overhang. It was built as the home and law school of jurist Richmond Mumford Pearson . Among those who studied at the school were Secretary of the Interior Jacob Thompson , State Chief Justices William A. Hoke and David Furches , U.S. District Judge Thomas Settle , Congressman William H. H. Cowles , Governors John W. Ellis , Daniel Gould Fowle and Robert B. Glenn , and two-term Mayor of Charlotte, NC, William Johnston. The property is owned by the Yadkin County Historical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. This article about a property in Yadkin County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_797"]] [20798, "Michael Hodges is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, executive music producer and music executive best known for his work in music for film and television most notably on The Garfield Movie (2024), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), Point Break (2015), The Expanse (2015\u20132020) and Pete the Cat (2017\u2013present). He has received three Grammy nominations for his work as a songwriter and producer. In 2017, Hodges was an executive music producer on Blade Runner 2049 , produced the Blade Runner 2049 soundtrack and co-wrote and produced the only original song on the album \"Almost Human\" performed by Lauren Daigle . In October 2017, Hodges signed on as executive music producer and co-composer of the Amazon Original Series Pete the Cat . In 2018, The Blade Runner 2049 Soundtrack , co-produced by Hodges, was nominated for a Grammy for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. The album debuted at No. 1 in the \"Billboard\" Soundtrack Sales Charts and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music at the 71st British Academy Film Awards . In 2023, it was announced that Hodges would be an Executive Producer of \"Hey AJ\", a new Disney series expected to release in 2025. In 2023-2024, Hodges was the Executive Music Producer for The Garfield Movie . He co-wrote and produced the 10 song soundtrack album which include his works with Jon Batiste , Keith Urban , Snoop Dogg and Calum Scott . Born Michael E. Hodges in Little Rock, Arkansas USA, Michael began his love for music at an early age. At the age of 12 he performed his first solo concert and by 22 had his first No. 1 song. Hodges continued his music career touring, writing songs and singing background vocals for several notable bands. In 2013, he was approached by Ken Caillat and Kayla Morrison about starting a unique record label focused on film and television. In 2013 Hodges assisted in building Sleeping Giant Media, an artist friendly publishing catalog with a network of writers, artists, producers and composers credited with numerous Grammy , Emmy and Oscar nominations and awards. In 2014, Hodges assisted in the development of an integrated business model for film, television, and music and became Co-CEO of ASG Music Group, LLC (Alcon Sleeping Giant) a joint venture between Alcon Entertainment and Sleeping Giant Media. ", ["2_798"]] [20799, "Qantas House is an Australian heritage-listed office building at 68\u201396 Hunter Street, Sydney . It was designed by Rudder, Littlemore & Rudder and built from 1955 to 1957 by Concrete Constructions Pty Ltd . It is also known as No. 1 Chifley Square . The site was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 25 May 2001. The airline Qantas saw a surge in activity in the years following World War II , and the company had achieved stature as a major world airline. Qantas House symbolised Australia's progress in aviation generally and the aeronautic future of Qantas Airways in particular. The construction of the building during this period reflected the increasing importance of international travel to the increasingly affluent middle class in Australia. The building was opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 28 October 1957. In its new company headquarters, Qantas wished to project a progressive image with the use of the latest imported curtain wall technology combined with Australian materials such as granite, marble and a variety of timbers. Qantas House was the first office building to use Australian black granite from Adelong and Bookharn green granite from the Yass area. Marble was sourced in the country town of Mudgee and the Wombeyan Caves area. Queensland maple was used extensively throughout the building and other timbers featured included walnut, mahogany and sycamore. As well as being chosen for aesthetic and patriotic reasons, there were economies to be achieved through the use of materials which could be found close at hand. The desire to reflect a specifically Australian character was rare in office interiors of the 1950s. In keeping with the prevailing International style, the Australian theme in Qantas House was reflected more in the choice of materials than in the way they were used. In her report Post World War II Multistoried Office Buildings in Australia (1945\u20131967) , Jennifer Taylor states that the 'aesthetic ideas informing the design of multistoried office buildings in the '50s and '60s in Australia essentially belonged to architectural traditions developed in the Bauhaus, Germany in the late 1920s and early '30s and transported to America after the closure of that school by the Nazi government, where they blended with America's own traditions associated with multistoried building design. These ideas form the mainstream of architectural modernism, and are characterised by a value placed upon clarity, rationality, honesty, efficiency, functionality and technology. The external skin of the building was often the vehicle for a potent expression of such values. The glass curtain wall was prized as representing the complete release of the external fabric from its structural role'. :\u200a4Buildings demonstrating the new curtain wall technology began to appear in Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne, from 1955. Qantas House (completed 1957), with its sweeping curtain wall attached to a reinforced concrete frame, is therefore an early example of the influence of this contemporary American technology and aesthetic in Australia. The building is significant in that it embraced this construction and aesthetic within the constraints of the 150' height limit which remained in place in Sydney until 1963. As might be expected during a period of expansion, investment in office buildings had been growing during the late 1950s. In general, however, the buildings themselves were of low budget and limited dimension. They were usually infill structures of limited height, were built right to the building line and provided minimal pedestrian amenity. Context was generally seen as inconsequential and plazas associated with these buildings tended to divorce rather than unite the building with the city. Within this context, the curved form of Qantas House, which addresses and shapes Chifley Square, is rare. Its form broke from the standard flat facade of most contemporary office buildings with its sweeping glass wall and dramatic cantilevered entry awning (now lost). Its curved fagade and more three-dimensional aesthetic distinguish it from the other buildings in the area. Taylor also states that, at their most progressive, \"the new office blocks principally were ree-standing or virtually so, and by 1957 Australia could boast designs as aesthetically and technologically advanced as any outside America, and not far behind developments there. An interesting hybrid of infill and freestanding solutions occurred in response to certain sites, notably corner locations, where innovative buildings appear to strive to break free of the constraints of the physical restrictions. The curving forms of the Qantas Building ... provide the most exuberant example.\" :\u200a7Australia's affair with these early curtain walls was short-lived, and they reached their peak of development and prestige in the early 1960s. Qantas House was judged the best new building in the British Commonwealth by the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1959, and was awarded the Bronze medal. Qantas House is distinguished by its graceful, segmented, curved facade which consists of a 46m high, double glazed curtain wall of green glass with enamelled blue-green steel spandrel panels. It is located on the western side of Chifley Square which itself is located at the intersection of Elizabeth, Hunter and Phillip Streets in Sydney. In following the curve of Chifley Square, the building's plan respects the semi-circular form which was proposed for the northern side of the square in its original design of 1908. Qantas House is still a distinctive feature of Chifley Square and its curved form provides a welcome pedestrian area at the front of the building. The building was designed in the post war International Style. The base, middle and top of the building are differentiated by changes in the facade treatment. The base consists of a double height foyer which incorporates a mezzanine level. On the facade, the volume of this space is differentiated from the upper levels of the building by the use of dark green and black polished granite cladding and by the large, uninterrupted panels of glazing set in bronze frames. The eleven storeys of the middle section of the facade are characterised by the repetitive pattern of the smaller aluminium-framed curtain wall panels. The curtain wall is composed of vertical standard sections which include awning windows at their tops, central panels of fixed glazing and enamelled steel spandrel panels at their bases. At the northern end of the building is a full height sandstone faced wall on which a vertical \"Qantas Airways\" sign was originally located. The sandstone facing returns in a long band to form the top of the fagade composition, providing an exciting demarcation of the building against the sky. Above this band, a recessed roofline contains staff facilities and a rooftop recreation area. The reinforced concrete structure of the building is relatively conventional. However, the planning is noteworthy in that the service cores are assymmetrically placed adjacent to the boundaries with the adjoining buildings. This allows for the inclusion of a light well at the rear of the building, ensuring the penetration of light deep into the interior. It also means that the curved line of the building against the sky is not interrupted by vertical projections of centrally located service cores. The planning may also have resulted from a desire to maximise the available building envelope - the building appears to have reached the maximum floor space ratio and maximum height which were allowable under the planning codes at the time. At its south eastern corner, the building joins Emil Sodersten's 1936 City Mutual Life Building in a carefully considered and sensitive manner. The polished granite base course below the foyer windows respects the line and material of the base of Sodersten's granite clad building. In addition, the proportions of the fenestration of Qantas House's curtain wall panels and the steel framed windows of the WL building are similar. In successfully taking advantage of its corner site, Qantas House also forms an elegant termination to the long view northwards along Elizabeth Street. The exterior of the building is in near original condition, the only notable changes having been the loss of the original cantilevered entrance awning and original exterior signage and the formation of a new entrance to the lift lobby at the northern end of the building. Internally, the double height volume of the foyer is intact although the current recent fitout has resulted in some partitioning of the space. The original curtains to the office and foyer levels have been removed or replaced with vertical drapes. Originally, the building interior featured Australian grown timbers such as sycamore, mahogany and walnut. The exterior of the building generally retained its original appearance as of 2001, except that the original cantilevered entrance awning and external signage had been lost. The archaeological potential of the building is low. Qantas House, No. 1 Chifley Square, Sydney, designed in 1950 by Felix Tavener of Rudder Littlemore & Rudder, Architects and completed in 1957 represents the highest standard of architectural response to its urban setting and client needs through its form, composition and construction. A variant of the Post-War International style of architecture, Qantas House represents transitional aspects of \"moderate\" 1930s European modernism, combined with the latest in post-war curtain wall technologies and materials and is the best design response to its setting in Australia from this period. Although altered internally, its external facade remains largely intact. The graceful double-curved facade is coherently ordered and its shape reflects and visually reinforces the implementation of a long-planned extension to Elizabeth Street . It became the inspiration for the eventual completion of the ironically named, but no less significant, Chifley Square, modelled on a town planned scheme of some eighty years before. Qantas House is a key defining element in this important, planned, urban space; it provides an appropriate visual termination to important vistas and it visually links to adjoining important buildings and streets. Historically significant as the first planned world headquarters for Qantas Empire Airways, at the time Australia's only, and Government-owned, international airline, the building, and in particular the aerofoil-shaped aluminium mullions of its curtain wall, gives form to Qantas' forward looking and expansive image at a time when air travel was taking off. Qantas Airways remained as its sole occupant for twenty-five years. The building is highly regarded by the people of Sydney for its inherent aesthetic qualities and its association with Qantas, an Australian corporate icon. Qantas House is a fine example in the Australian context of intact, post-war, multi-storeyed office buildings from the first phase in the 1950s, and is from the small group in Sydney of this group designed prior to the amendments to the Heights of Buildings Act in 1957 that heralded the subsequent \"high-rise\" phase. It has particular rarity within Australia for its unique shape, the outstanding quality of its curtain wall facade and its contribution to its urban setting. As such, it is considered to have heritage significance at a national level. A well known and much loved city landmark, Qantas House is an icon of its time; a quintessential Sydney building that represents a brave future and a strong sense of history and of place. Qantas House was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 25 May 2001 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.Qantas House is an important landmark in the development of the modern office building in Australia. Significant for its use of early curtain wall technology and as one of the last multi-storey buildings designed prior to amendments to the Heights of Buildings Act in 1957 in NSW, it is from the first phase of curtain wall buildings that provided a transition to the mature high-rise buildings of the 1960s. Qantas House is significant as the first purpose-built world headquarters office building for Qantas Empire Airways, at that time Australia's only, and Government-owned, international airline. It is important evidence of the rapid post-War growth in Qantas Empire Airways' international operations and in air travel generally. Alterations to Qantas House to allow for the construction by Qantas of the adjacent Wentworth Hotel are important evidence of changes in the nature of air travel and the growth of international tourism in Australia. Qantas House is a statement of the confidence and progressive spirit which was characteristic of Australia during the 1950s. The international status and progressive nature of Qantas' operations when combined with the exuberant form and imagery, the use of innovative and local materials, and innovative techniques and services in the building itself, provides an exemplar of the positive, forward-looking aspects of Australian society during this period. The construction of Qantas House marked the partial implementation of a significant town planning scheme for the betterment of Sydney and provided the pattern for the eventual completion of Chifley Square as a significant urban space some eighty years after it was first envisaged. The fulfilment of this town planning vision provides important evidence of the complex nature of such activity and the interaction between various levels of Government, professionals and land owners. Qantas House shows the continuity of use from the time of construction to the present as a commercial office building and the continuous use of the ground floor for a publicly accessible use associated with travel. It provides evidence of the period during which air travel originated at city terminals for departure to Sydney Airport . It also provides evidence of the nature of changes in the nature of office use and fitout since the time of construction, including those resulting form the change from a single owner occupier to multiple tenancies on its upper levels. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.Qantas House has a strong association with Qantas Airways, a prominent Australian company of international renown. Qantas Empire Airways constructed the building as its first purpose-designed world headquarters, as an identifiable icon for its modern image, and was its sole occupant for twenty-five years. This association is continued through its lease of the ground and mezzanine floors and naming rights to the building. Qantas House is important for its public use associations with air travellers since its time of construction, as a booking and information venue for Qantas and other airlines that occupied the ground floor including TAA and Australian Airlines. Qantas House was designed by the noted architectural firm Rudder Littlemore & Rudder, with Felix Tavener as the design architect, and is arguably their most significant building achievement. The State Heritage Register inclusion criteria satisfied is associated with a significant event, person or groups of persons. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.Qantas House is a masterpiece of architectural form, composition and construction. It represents the highest standards of architectural design response its urban setting and its client's needs. Its unique graceful double curved from strikes a chord with the public and professionals alike. The composition of its fa\u00e7ade elements is coherently ordered, as is its curtain wall construction featuring aerofoil-shaped mullions, symbolically linking building and client, lustrous teal coloured spandrels and green-tinted glazing. Qantas House is an important early and innovative example of post-War multi-storeyed office building in Australia. It was one of the first uses of curtain-walled technology in Australia and was designed as a showcase for Australian materials. It also featured an innovative internal fitout and use of air conditioning services. It was critically acclaimed in the architectural press at the time and it was the recipient of the 1959 Royal Institute of British Architects Bronze Medal. Qantas House is significant as a variation within the Post-War International style of architecture, representing some aspects of transition from interwar European modernism. Characteristics of earlier styles can be identified in both the building (a humanist/organic form, a traditional composition and symbolic use of elemental forms) and in the influences identified by its designer, while its materials, such as aluminium, and its curtain wall construction arrived as post-War construction technologies. As a landmark building in such a prominent location, Qantas House demonstrates an excellent urban design response. Its relationship with Chifley Square, which it helps to define, reflects earlier twentieth-century schemes for the space and has itself been respected by the recent developments around this important urban space. The generous footpath space n front of Qantas House provides an appropriate forecourt to the public ground-floor booking hall. Qantas House was designed as and forms an aesthetically distinctive termination of the northern view along Elizabeth Street, while at the same time the building leads the eye around the Chifley Square space and onto the extension of Elizabeth Street as Philip Street. The external form of Qantas House retains its integrity with only minor alteration, and its key internal ground-floor/mezzanine space is retained along with its key internal circulation spaces. Although much of the building's internal fabric has been altered, the external fabric remains largely intact. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.It is likely that Qantas House is viewed as culturally significant within the community of NSW generally, not just for its association with Qantas, an Australian corporate icon, but also for its readily appreciated aesthetic and townscape qualities. This level of esteem was evident at the time of construction and there is evidence, through media coverage in recent years when it was perceived as being under threat, that it remains. Qantas House is also held in a high level of esteem by the architectural profession and other conservation groups in NSW. The building is included on the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Register of Twentieth Century Buildings of Significance and they recently nominated the building for inclusion on the State Heritage Register. Qantas House is likely to have a strong association for current and former employees of Qantas Airways because of its former headquarters role for twenty-five years and its current role as the Qantas city-based booking office. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.Although the building interior has been considerably altered, it is likely that some internet fabric of the interior would be able to reveal further information about spatial arrangements, materials and finishes from the original construction period. Qantas House has the potential to yield important information on aspects of mid-twentieth-century architectural history and other technical aspects of its construction, such as the detail of the internal fitout, the provision of air conditioning services, the first phases of curtain wall construction and office functional arrangements in the 1950s and 1960s. Qantas House is an important reference site for its early use of high-quality, curtain-walled technology and as a showcase for Australian building materials, including the granite and sandstone facing of the fa\u00e7ade. Because of the depth of excavation for the construction of the basement levels for Qantas House across most of the site, there is little potential for archaeological remains that predate the existing building to remain intact. There is some potential for intact subsurface deposits to survive in the northwestern corner of the site (currently lightwell) as the amount of disturbance that has occurred in these areas is uncertain. The northwestern corner of the site may contain the northern extension of an early brick-barrel drain, dating to the 1820s. (This drain previously ran diagonally across the site but was removed during the construction of Qantas House and replaced by a modern ceramic drainpipe. It is also likely to adjoin the southeastern boundary of the site). Although not part of the Qantas House site itself, the area adjoining the front of Qantas House (Philip Street and Chifley Square) has high potential to contain intact subsurface deposits related to the previous street alignment and associated development. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.Qantas House is a rare and outstanding example of architectural design of the highest quality in the Australian context from the first phase of post-War, multi-storey commercial building construction in Australia in the period up to 1960. Qantas House is a unique example in the Australian context of a curved, curtain wall building of this type and period. The facade of Qantas House retains its original, aluminium-framed, curtain wall construction, with distinctive aerofoil-shaped mullions. This early technology is becoming increasingly rare with continual upgrading of buildings and the Qantas House facade is an excellent example of this type. Qantas House is one of the five heritage listed \"non-high-rise\" multi-storeyed buildings within Sydney (four in the city of Sydney and one in North Sydney ) to remain that were constructed prior to 1960. Qantas House and the MLC building in North Sydney represent the finest examples from this period, and both represent distinctive and different forms of Post-War International style architecture. Qantas House is part of a small group of multi-storey buildings constructed by the last generation of Post-War corporate clients whose buildings were specifically designed to reflect that corporation's public image. Qantas House is a rare example of Post-War International Style architecture with an expressionist form. Qantas House illustrates a high quality consideration for its context and for urban design, forming a key element in the Chifley Square urban area that was part of this long-standing town planning scheme for the betterment of this area of Sydney that dated to the early twentieth century. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.Qantas House is representative of the intact Post-War International style, multi-storeyed office buildings from the 1950s. It is one of only a handful of similar intact buildings in Sydney from that period and only a small numbering Australia. Qantas House is a fine example of early curtain-walled building technology in Australia, with an unconventional curved design. Qantas House is one of the small group of post-War, multi-storeyed office buildings remaining intact in NSW whose design preceded the amendments to the Heights of Buildings Act in 1957. Qantas House is representative of the group of commercial buildings in Sydney associated with travel and is representative of the group of buildings with ground-floor public booking hall spaces. Qantas House is a good example of the work of the architectural firm Rudder Littlemore and Rudder. Qantas House is associated with the group of planned and implemented proposals for the betterment of Sydney's streets. This Wikipedia article was originally based on Qantas House (No. 1 Chifley Square) , entry number 1512 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence , accessed on 14 October 2018.", ["2_799"]] [20800, "Sg\u00f9rr na h-Ulaidh (also Sg\u00f2r na h-Ulaidh ) (\"Peak of the Treasure\") is a mountain lying to the south of the village of Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands . The mountain cannot be seen from the main A82 road as it is hidden behind Aonach Dubh a'Ghlinne. The usual route of ascent is from Glen Coe , approximately 2\u00a0km west of Loch Achtriochtan. A track on the west of Allt na Muidhe is followed and after 1\u00a0km the burn is crossed. The east side of the burn is then followed for about 3\u00a0km until a turn east is made to climb to the ridge just north of the top of Stob an Fhuarain. This peak is climbed, then the steep, rocky ridge is followed trending south-west to the summit of Sg\u00f9rr na h-Ulaidh. A route that avoids the steep ground on the north side of the mountain can be made from the southern Glen Etive side. 56\u00b037\u203200\u2033N 5\u00b004\u203200\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 56.61667\u00b0N 5.06667\u00b0W \ufeff / 56.61667; -5.06667", ["2_800"]] [20801, "Carl Gustav Fleischer KCB (28 December 1883 \u2013 19 December 1942 ) was a Norwegian general and the first land commander to win a major victory against the Germans in the Second World War . Having followed the Norwegian government into exile at the end of the Norwegian Campaign, Fleischer committed suicide after being bypassed for appointment as commander-in-chief of the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile and being sent to the insignificant post as commander of Norwegian forces in Canada. Fleischer was born in the rectory in Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8r Municipality (now part of \u00c5fjord Municipality in Tr\u00f8ndelag county) as the son of the Church of Norway pastor Carl Edvard Fleischer (1843\u20131885) and Johanne Sophie Fergstad (1850\u20131926). After his father died, Fleischer moved with his mother to grow up in Trondheim . His childhood home was one characterized by Christianity , simplicity and frugality . His ancestors had migrated from Elbing in East Prussia to Norway, first with Tobias Fleischer (1630\u20131690) who found a position in Kongsberg . The current lineage is descended from Tobias' nephew Herman Reinhold Fleischer (1656\u20131712), who also had notable children in Denmark. Carl Gustav Fleischer was a descendant of Herman's son Philip Johan Fleischer (1699\u20131763). Notable relatives include Philip's brother Baltzer Fleischer and grandnephew Palle R\u00f8mer Fleischer , and Carl Gustav's brother, bishop Andreas Fleischer . Carl Gustav Fleischer was also a more distant relative of Carl August Fleischer , Nanna Fleischer , Agnes Fleischer and August Fleischer . Carl Gustav Fleischer married Antonie \"Toni\" Charlotte Hygen (1888\u20131947) in 1919 in Kristiania . In his spare time Fleischer enjoyed watercolor painting and trout fishing. Motivated by economic uncertainties, Fleischer joined the Norwegian Military Academy and graduated as the second best student in 1905. The academy instilled in young Fleischer a strong belief in that the first task of a military officer was to defend his country and that regulations were to be considered standing orders in critical situations. In 1917 Fleischer made the rank of captain. In 1919-1923 he was the staff officer of the Norwegian 6th Division before becoming Commanding Officer of the 14th Infantry Regiment (IR 14) in Mosj\u00f8en . While serving in North Norway Fleischer became an avid writer of military manuals and worked continually on developing the Norwegian Armed Forces in line with the special prerequisites caused by the Norwegian nature and society. From 1909 to 1933 he held various positions in the Norwegian General Staff. In addition he served as a captain and commanded Company 4 of the Norwegian Royal Guards in 1926\u20131929, chief of the Commanding General's staff of adjutants in 1933-1934 and as a teacher at the Norwegian Defence Staff College in 1928\u20131934. He also edited the military journal Norsk Milit\u00e6rt Tidsskrift . During his time at the General Staff Fleischer warned of the possibility of a surprise attack on central areas of Norway. He also stated that the best way of confronting such an attack was a combination of defending coastal outposts while the main forces mobilised in rear areas in the interior of the country. In 1930 he was promoted to the rank of major, and in 1934 became a colonel, assuming command of the S\u00f8r-H\u00e5logaland Regiment (Infantry Regiment 14). On 16 January 1939 Fleischer was made Major General ( generalmajor ) and Commanding Officer of the Norwegian 6th Division, the position that would lead him to become the first allied general to defeat the Wehrmacht in a head-on land confrontation. January 1940 saw Fleischer appointed by royal resolution as commander-in-chief of North Norway in case of war. After the Winter War between Finland and Russia broke out in November 1939, the 6th Division was mobilised and Fleischer repeatedly took the initiative to encourage the Norwegian government to increase the country's military readiness in North Norway. Included amongst these initiatives were wide-ranging measures against the region's communists . Fleischer's distrust of the Soviet Union continued to show itself throughout the following Norwegian Campaign in 1940, when he kept substantial forces at the Soviet border in eastern Finnmark despite a desperate need of reinforcements at the front line at Narvik against Maj. Gen. Eduard Dietl 's Gebirgsj\u00e4ger forces. In 1940, following the German invasion of Norway General Fleischer was appointed commander-in-chief of the Norwegian armed forces in North Norway. At the time of the attack on 9 April 1940 Fleischer was at Vads\u00f8 in Finnmark as part of an inspection journey together with his chief of staff, Major Odd Lindb\u00e4ck-Larsen . When message of the invasion reached him the area was in the middle of a ferocious blizzard. Due to the extreme weather Fleischer could not leave Vads\u00f8 either by Hurtigruten ship or naval aircraft , and had to stay overnight. County Governor of Finnmark Hans Gabrielsen invited Fleischer to stay at the governor's mansion. After discussing the situation with Gabrielsen, Fleischer managed to set off for Troms\u00f8 the next day, arriving there by M.F.11 naval aircraft after flying in terrible conditions. From Troms\u00f8 he issued orders for a total civilian and military mobilization and declared Northern Norway a theatre of war . He handed over most of the civilian powers to the respective County Governors in Troms and Finnmark, Hans Gabrielsen taking all civilian power in Northern Norway after the death of the County Governor of Troms a few days after the invasion. Fleischer's strategic plan was to first wipe out the German forces at Narvik and then transfer his division to Nordland to meet a German advance from Tr\u00f8ndelag . Fleischer valued offensive actions against enemy forces, using the unique nature of the Norwegian terrain to carry out attacks against an enemy's flanks and rear. General Fleischer had already in 1934 opposed the concept of fighting delaying actions while waiting for Allied reinforcements, a tactic on which General Otto Ruge relied during his defence of the vital Eastern Norway region. As commander of the 6th Division, Maj. Gen. Carl Gustav Fleischer coordinated Norwegian, French, Polish and British forces in the recapturing of Narvik on 28 May from Maj. Gen. Eduard Dietl's Austro-German 3rd Mountain Division . The victory was accomplished despite shifting allied strategies and leadership. Following the evacuation of southern Norway Fleischer was embroiled in conflicts with the political and military leadership arriving from the abandoned southern parts of the country. The General's hard-headed and uncompromising style did not help in this regard. Narvik was the first major allied infantry victory in the Second World War. Unfortunately for the Norwegians, following the German invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940, the Allied task force was withdrawn in early June. Without the support from the Allies, the Norwegian Army alone would not be able to defend its positions and a capitulation agreement for mainland Norway was signed. The Germans reoccupied Narvik on 9 June.As the Norwegian forces in mainland Norway were about to surrender, General Fleischer was ordered to follow King Haakon VII and the Cabinet Nygaardsvold into exile in the United Kingdom, having been made commander of the Norwegian army in exile on 7 June 1940. In the company of his wife he left Norway on 8 June, on board the patrol vessel Fridtjof Nansen . During his exile in the United Kingdom , General Fleischer quickly built up a Norwegian infantry brigade based in Dumfries , Scotland , from June 1940. However, he soon got at odds with the Norwegian political leadership in exile due to his strong headed attitudes and unwillingness to compromise. He also became controversial in factions of the cabinet due to his support of British commando raids on the Norwegian coast, even stating his willingness to personally participate in the attacks on the German occupying forces in Norway . While stationed in the UK, he received a number of allied awards. Among these were the Polish Virtuti Militari for bravery, the French Croix de Guerre , and appointment by the British as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath . Most likely because of a personal antagonism due to this fact, General Fleischer was bypassed when the exile government of prime minister Johan Nygaardsvold in 1942 decided to recreate the post of commander-in-chief of the Norwegian Armed Forces . This post had existed temporarily during the 1940 campaign, but General Otto Ruge , who had been commander-in-chief during the campaign, stayed in Norway and surrendered with his troops. Instead of Fleischer, the cabinet promoted Major Wilhelm von Tangen Hansteen , the young defence attach\u00e9 in Helsinki , Finland directly to general and gave him the post. In response to this act Fleischer delivered his resignation. The cabinet ordered General Fleischer to take up a new post as commander of Norwegian forces in Canada . Apart from the Royal Norwegian Air Force 's training base Little Norway near Toronto , which was already headed by Ole Reistad , and a school for merchant marine gunners at Lunenburg near Halifax , Nova Scotia , there were no Norwegian forces in Canada. A plan to create a Norwegian Army in Canada of expatriate Norwegian Americans came to nothing. Before leaving for Canada Fleischer inspected the Norwegian garrison on the distant Norwegian island Jan Mayen in the Atlantic Ocean . The General concluded that the garrison was too small to defend anything more than the midsection of the island, leaving several landing beaches open to the Germans during the relatively calm summer months. Based on his observations Fleischer reported that the garrison should be reinforced during the summer, a small garrison being sufficient during winter. He also inspected the Norwegian forces based on Iceland . On 1 December 1942, General Fleischer was ordered to the position of military attach\u00e9 to Washington, D.C. This was another obvious humiliation, since usually officers of the ranks of major or lieutenant-colonel served in this role. Being too much for him to swallow, he shot himself with his own gun through the heart on 19 December 1942. He was found by his adjutant Lieutenant Richard Brinck-Johnsen, who brought the urn with the General's ashes to London in a Liberator aircraft. In London Brinck-Johnsen was ordered to keep the circumstances of Fleischer's death secret. Only in 1995 did Brinck-Johnsen speak out, stating that in his opinion Fleischer had taken his own life in sorrow of being set aside and not being needed by anyone. Still disputed today, it is thought that one of the reasons for sending him to Canada was that he favoured a series of coastal raids against Norway to hamper German use of the occupied nation. Fleischer also wanted to build substantial army forces abroad and employ them in active operations against the German occupying forces in Norway, something that was in direct conflict with the more passive strategy favoured by Cabinet Nygaardsvold. The prevailing view in the rest of the Cabinet was to build air and naval forces that could be used directly with Allied forces, as they feared such raids would provoke the Germans into severe punitive actions against the local populace, such as they did after the Telav\u00e5g incident.Harstad (Gen. Fleischers gate), Bod\u00f8 (General Fleischers gate), Bardufoss (General Fleischers veg) and Eiksmarka (General Fleischers vei) all have streets named after the general.", ["2_801"]] [20804, "Jenne Block is a two-story brick commercial building in downtown Douglas, Wyoming . It is described as the most ornate commercial building in Douglas, with extensive terra cotta detailing. It was built for rancher and businessman Jacob Jenne by contractor Edward A. Reavill in 1916. The building housed a bank and the local Douglas Enterprise newspaper, as well as professional offices. The rectangular building measures 100 feet (30\u00a0m) long by 26 feet (7.9\u00a0m) wide. The corner entrance is set at an angle to face the Center and South Third Streets intersection and is topped by a terra cotta crest with a JJ monogram. A raised entry at the middle of the long side provides access to the upper floors, with a basement stair set underneath. The elevations that do not face the street are blank expanses of brick. Jenne Block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 6, 1998. Morton Mansion (Douglas, Wyoming) , built for Jacob Jenne's brother John (Jenne) Morton in Douglas", ["2_804"]] [20806, "The Balch House is a historic house in Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . Located along Greendale Avenue in that city's Clifton neighborhood, it is a two-and-a-half- story building constructed primarily in the Queen Anne style of architecture. :\u200a5 In 1892, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad executive George Balch moved to Clifton. Four years later, deciding to construct a house for himself, he chose renowned Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford . Balch was one of many Clifton residents to commission designs from Hannaford: having built a reputation as one of Cincinnati's premier Gilded Age architects, Hannaford had designed large numbers of houses for the residents of upscale neighborhoods such as Clifton. :\u200a10 The Balch House was one of Hannaford's last residences in the area, for he retired in 1897. :\u200a11Built of brick and stucco on a stone foundation , the Balch House is covered by a slate roof. Among its distinctive architectural features is the large gable on the front, which rises above a large frame porch that rests on brick pedestals . Individuals can enter the house through an ornate entrance located under a decorated smaller gable, while a large gable similar to that of the front crowns the house's western side. The overall floor plan of the house is the shape of an \"L.\" In 1980, the Balch House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. Dozens of other Cincinnati buildings were added to the Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission of buildings designed by Hannaford. :\u200a3", ["2_806"]] [20807, "Sin Piedad (2006) ( Spanish for \"No Mercy\") was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which took place on December 15, 2006 in Arena M\u00e9xico , Mexico City, Mexico . The 2006 Sin Piedad was the fifth event under that name that CMLL promoted as their last major show of the year, always held in December. The main event was tag team Lucha de Apuestas , hair vs. hair match with the team of Kenzo Suzuki and Marco Corleone going up against Universo 2000 and Shocker . The show also featured a six-man \"Lucha Libre rules\" tag team match for the CMLL World Trios Championship where champions Los Guerreros del Infierno ( Atlantis , Tarzan Boy and \u00daltimo Guerrero defended against Los Perros del Mal ( Dami\u00e1n 666 , Halloween and H\u00e9ctor Garza ). The show featured three additional trios matches and a tag team match. The Mexican wrestling company Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (Spanish for \"World Wrestling Council\"; CMLL) has held a number of major shows over the years using the moniker Sin Piedad (\"No Pity\" or \"No Mercy\"). CMLL has intermittently held a show billed specifically as Sin Piedad since 2000, primarily using the name for their \"end of the year\" show in December, although once they held a Sin Piedad show in August as well. CMLL has on occasion used a different name for the end-of-year show but Sin Piedad is the most commonly used name. All Sin Piedad shows have been held in Arena M\u00e9xico in Mexico City, Mexico which is CMLL's main venue, its \"home\". Traditionally CMLL holds their major events on Friday Nights, which means the Sin Piedad shows replace their regularly scheduled Super Viernes show. The 2006 Sin Piedad show was the sixth show to use the name.The event featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines . Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the \"bad guys\") or faces ( t\u00e9cnicos in Mexico, the \"good guy\" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.The main event of the 2006 Sin Piedad event went through various possibilities before settling on the final match announced only weeks before the show. The first hinted main event was a Lucha de Apuestas (bet match) between the tecnico enmascarado ( masked ) Dos Caras Jr. and the rudo Marco Corleone . The first hints of a rivalry that would warrant a Luchas de Apuesta between the two came at the CMLL 73rd Anniversary Show on September 29, 2006 where Dos Caras Jr. teamed up with Blue Panther and Rey Bucanero to defeat Corleone, his regular tag team partner Kenzo Suzuki and Ol\u00edmpico . Several matches following the 73rd Anniversary show had Dos Caras and Corleone on opposite sides, but the rivalry never really escalated between the two. Following the 73rd Anniversary show Shocker turned tecnico and began teaming with Rey Bucanero on a regular basis, with a storyline against Marco Corleone and Kenzo Suzuki being developed for CMLL's December pay-per-view event. In October problems between Suzuki and fellow rudo Universo 2000 after Suzuki cost his team the win by disqualification, causing Universo 2000 to attack Suzuki after the match. Following the turn Universo would frequently team with both Shocker and Rey Bucanero against Corleone, Suzuki and various partners. At one point Shocker and Bucanero even made a Luchas de Apuesta challenge, but Corleone and Suzuki both pretended to not understand a single work of Spanish and thus ignored the challenge, further enraging CMLL's fans. A few weeks later Suzuki and Corleone attacked Universo with Suzuki applying the \"Black Hammer\" (a Piledriver ), a move that Universo 2000 himself has used on several occasions to hurt his opponents. In Lucha Libre the Piledriver move is considered both illegal and very damaging, with the recipient usually \"selling\" the move as if it had injured his neck. Following the attack it became more and more clear that the actual main event for Sin Piedad would be Universo 2000 and Shocker taking on Marco Corleone and Kenzo Suzuki with both teams betting their hair on the outcome of the match. The Sin Piedad was originally scheduled for December 1, 2006 but during a CMLL Super Viernes event Universo 2000 hit Marco Corleone in the head with a steel chair as Corleone was executing a dive out of the ring. The blow cut Corleone open, causing him to be taken to the back and given several stitches. Following the attack it was announced that due to the \"heinous attack\" the match between the two teams had to be postponed until December 15 to allow Corleone to recover. Since the attack and the injury were both only storylines the real reason for the postponement is not clear, although it could have been another storyline device to underline the animosity between the two teams.The semi-final match of the night was a continuation of the storyline between the two rudo factions (also called stables ) Los Perros del Mal (\"The Bad Dogs\") and Los Guerreros del Infierno (\"The Soldiers from the Inferno\") that had been going on since the inception of Los Perros a couple of years prior. The Los Guerreros team of Atlantis , Tarzan Boy and \u00daltimo Guerrero faced and defeated the Los Perros team of Perro Aguayo Jr. , H\u00e9ctor Garza and Shocker at the CMLL 73rd Anniversary Show to win the vacant CMLL World Trios Championship . Part of the reason Los Guerreros del Infierno won the tournament final was due to Shocker turning on Los Perros , causing Los Perros to demand a rematch for the championship. CMLL agreed and booked the champions to face Los Perros representatives H\u00e9ctor Garza, Dami\u00e1n 666 and Halloween at the Sin Piedad event. The fourth match of the night would be the in-ring debut of the ring character Ephesto , who would team up with Averno and Mephisto to form a trio called La Triada del Terror (\"The Triangle of Terror\"). While Ephesto was a new character in CMLL the man under the mask had been with CMLL in the early 1990s under the ring name Pantera del Ring, and later on as Safari and Hombre Sin Nombre (\"Man with no name\") until CMLL decided to given him a new ring character and mask to team him up with Averno and Mephisto. Their opponents for the match were the then reigning CMLL World Tag Team Champion M\u00edstico , who along with co-champion Negro Casas had defended the title against Averno and Mephisto at least once before. M\u00edstico would be joined by \u00daltimo Drag\u00f3n and Volador Jr. for the match. Both wrestlers had worked extensively with Averno and Mephisto and both had aspirations for Averno's CMLL World Middleweight Championship . The second match of the night featured no active storylines between the members of each team, although tecnico Dr. Wagner Jr. and rudo L.A. Park had a long running on-again-off-again storyline that actually continued for years after the Sin Pidad event. Dr. Wagner Jr. would team up with Dos Caras Jr. and Rey Bucanero to take on L.A. Park and Los Guerreros del Infierno representatives Eclipse and Ol\u00edmpico in a traditional Six-man \"Lucha Libre rules\" tag team match . The driving storyline behind the second match centered around the CMLL World Women's Championship that had seen champion Hiroka wart off challenger Dark Angel 's advances several times over the last couple of months. Curiously the match did not include Lady Apache who had already been announced as challenging for the title only 10 days after Sin Piedad . The rudo champion Hiroka would team up with La Amapola and the masked Princesa Sujei to take on Dark Angel, Marcela , and Sahori in the second match of the night. The opening match of the show featured the Arena M\u00e9xico debut of Flash as he teamed up with fellow tecnico and Super Nova to face the tag team of Artillero and S\u00faper Comando, collectively known as Los Hombres del Camoflaje (\"Men in Camouflage). For CMLL wrestlers working in Arena Mexico means that they are working on at the highest level of CMLL, especially if they work on Friday nights, where CMLL holds their most important shows CMLL Super Viernes or their major annual shows. The Sin Piedad show would be Flash's first opportunity to showcase his wrestling skills in front of CMLL's \"hometown crowd\". The Sin Piedad event drew about a half full Arena Mexico, with the official attendance of 10,500, which caused CMLL to darken out the upper portion of the balcony section, something they had not had to do for a major event in several months. In the opening match of the show young technico Flash made his Arena Mexico debut, teaming with fellow young technico Super Nova to face off against Los Hombres del Camoflaje , Artillero and S\u00faper Comando, two masked rudos who both have military themed masks and ring characters. The third and final fall went to the tecnico team, winning by disqualification when Artillero pulled Flash's mask off after brutalizing the young rookie for several minutes. The action of the second match suffered from La Amapola hurting her hip during the match and had to be removed from the ring, forcing the officials to shorten the match to a single fall. In the end the tecnico team of Dark Angel, Marcela and Sahori won the fall in 12 minutes and six seconds. The third match of the night was also the first proper best two-out-of-three falls six-man tag team match, the most common match type in CMLL. The match saw team captain Dr. Wagner Jr. team up with Dos Caras Jr. and Rey Bucanero defeating the team of L.A. Park and Los Guerreros team members Eclipse and Ol\u00edmpico in three falls, ending the match after 13 minutes and five seconds when Dr. Wagner pinned Eclipse after using his \"Dr. Wagner Driver\" ( Sitout scoop slam piledriver ) finishing move and moments later Rey Bucanero pinned Ol\u00edmpico to take the match for their side. The fourth match of the night featured one of the most well known Luchadors, Japanese \u00daltimo Drag\u00f3n teaming with a wrestler who was quickly becoming one of the most popular tecnicos in M\u00edstico as well as the high-flying Volador Jr. The team took on the newly formed La Triada del Terror where Averno and Mephisto teamed up with Ephesto, a character who made his wrestling debut that night. The first fall went to the rudo Triadas when Mephisto pinned \u00daltimo Drag\u00f3n and Ephesto pinned M\u00edstico after six minutes and nine seconds of wrestling. The second fall belonged to the tecnico team as M\u00edstico pinned team captain Averno to win the match at the 11:52 mark. The third and final fall went to the tecnico team as M\u00edstico pinned Mephisto after nineteen-and-a-half minutes, winning the match two to one. Following the match Volador Jr. made a challenge to Averno, wanting him to put the CMLL World Middleweight Championship on the line against him. In the fifth match of the night Los Guerreros del Infierno defended the CMLL World Trios Championship against Los Perros del Mal as Atlantis, Tarzan Boy and \u00daltimo Guerrero took on Dami\u00e1n 666, Halloween and H\u00e9ctor Garza. In the first fall Tarzan Boy and Atlantis applied a double submission hold on Dami\u00e1n 666 and Halloween, forcing them to submit only two minutes and eleven seconds into the match. In the second fall all three Los Perros suplexed their opponents into pinning predicaments, pinning all three of their opponents after an additional two minutes and forty seconds of wrestling. In the third fall, after just under ten minutes of total action Atlantis forced Garza to submit, following by \u00daltimo Guerrero applied a submission hold on Dami\u00e1n 666, forcing him to give up as well for a successful title defense. The match was the shortest match of the night. The \"Imperial Eagle\" (Kenzo Suzuki) and the \"Italian Eagle\" (Marco Corleone) were accompanied by CMLL Luchadora Mima Shimoda to the right for the main event match. During the early parts of the match the crowd would actually cheer for the rudo team at times, especially Marco Corleone, choosing to side with him instead of the recently turned Universo 2000 and Shocker who had not done a lot to earn the crowd's respect leading up to the match. Shocker pinned Corleone after just over four minutes of wrestling, putting his team up by a point. The second fall is about the length of the first one, approximately four minutes and saw the rudo team of Corleone and Suzuki win after Corleone executed a \"Superman Flight\", one of his signature high flying moves off the top rope, and pinned Unverso 2000. With the match tied the third fall, both teams took more chances, including Corleone getting caught up on the ropes during one of his leaps out of the ring. The match saw Universo 2000 pin Kenzo Suzuki, followed by Marco Corleone pinning Universo 2000, leaving only himself and Shocker as the legal men in the match. When the referee turned his back Universo 2000 landed a low-blow on Marco Corleone, making it easy for Shocker to pin him for the third and deciding fall. After the match both Corleone and Suzuki stood in the middle of the ring while the designated barber cut their hair off and then shaved them completely bald to fulfill the Luchas de Apuestas stipulation.Kenzo Suzuki only wrestled one more match for CMLL after losing his hair, showing off his bald head two weeks later on the December 29, 2006 Super Viernes where he teamed with El Terrible and Pierroth Jr. as the team lost to Dos Caras Jr., Lizmark Jr. and Rey Bucanero. While Suzuki left the promotion Corleone would continue to work for CMLL for a while, turning tecnico later on, partially due to the positive response of the Arena Mexico crowd. Shocker and Universo 2000 did not team up after the Sin Piedad victory. Los Guerreros del Infierno would hold the CMLL World Trios Championship to the Los Perros del Mal team of Perro Aguayo Jr. , Mr. \u00c1guila and H\u00e9ctor Garza. The Hiroka/Dark Angel storyline was ended without a proper resolution as Hiroka lost the CMLL World Women's Championship to Lady Apache only 10 days after the event. ", ["2_807"]] [20808, "Giovanni Dolfin , also known as Giovanni Delfino or Delfin ( c. 1303\u00a0\u2013 12 July 1361), was the 57th Doge of Venice from his appointment on 13 August 1356 to his death in 1361. Despite his value as a general, during his reign Venice lost Dalmatia . He was blinded in one eye after a wound received in battle. He was born in Venice into one of the most ancient, noble and wealthy families of the city, as the son of Gregorio Delfin. The Dolfin family was allied with the Gradenigo , with whom they shared a common origin. Since the aristocratic coup of 1297, the Dolfin and the Gradenigo where among the favourites to occupy the ducal throne, and so they did, one after the other (Giovanni Dolfin's brother in law, Giovanni Gradenigo was doge before him). Dolfin was elected while defending Treviso , then besieged by Hungarian troops; being denied safe passage by his enemies, he broke the encirclement and reached Venice to be enthroned.In the war which had broken out under Dolfin's predecessor, Hungary under King Louis I had conquered Dalmatia and was pushing other Venetian colonies to revolt. The Venetian defeat at Nervesa in February 1358 forced the Republic to sue for peace. In the resulting Treaty of Zadar the Venetians lost Dalmatia, Zara and Split , but maintained their naval predominance in the Adriatic Sea as the King of Hungary accepted not to build a fleet of his own. Also in 1358\u20131359 Padua started to menace the Venetian trades on the Brenta River and forced the city to stop trading with Egypt . These events triggered an economical crisis in Venice, which ended only after the War of Chioggia , in 1382.Doge Giovanni Dolfin died in 1361 and was buried in the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo , a traditional burial place of the doges. His funerary monument is still visible today, showing the coat of arms of the noble Dolfin family.The plot of Donna Leon 's 2000 Detective Mystery novel Friends in High Places , set in contemporary Venice, involves present-day (fictional) descendants of the Dolfin family, who are inordinately proud of their descent from the 14th-century doge (and who have little else to be proud of).", ["2_808"]] [20809, "Apenheul Primate Park is a zoo in Apeldoorn , Netherlands . It specializes in apes and monkeys . It opened in 1971 and was the first zoo in the world where monkeys could walk around freely in the forest and between the visitors. It started with just a few species, now it displays more than 30 different primates , among them bonobo , gorilla and orangutan . Apenheul Primate Park was conceptualised by photographer Wim Mager in the 1960s, when it was legal for private citizens to own monkeys . Mager, who himself had several monkeys as pets, believed both humans and primates would benefit from housing the animals in a more natural forest-like environment. He created the apen-heul (from apen meaning monkeys, and heul, an old Dutch word for a safe haven).Apenheul Primate Park opened in 1971 as a small but revolutionary park housing wool-monkeys and other species. It is located in the nature park of Berg en Bos (Mountain and Wood) and proved popular with visitors and primatologists alike, leading to subsequent expansions. In 1976, gorillas were introduced to Apenheul Primate Park, with the first gorilla baby being born three years later. This was only the second healthy baby that was born in captivity in the Netherlands and the third in the entire world. The baby was raised by its own mother, which remains a rare event.A major setback occurred in 1981 when the cabin in which Apenheul Primate Park burned to the ground, killing 46 monkeys. The building was subsequently replaced.Apenheul is home to about 70 species of animals, 35 of which are primates. The park houses lemurs from Madagascar , monkeys from Central and South America, and monkeys and apes from Asia and Africa. Primates include black-capped squirrel monkeys , yellow-breasted capuchins , black howlers , Lac Alaotra bamboo lemurs , crowned sifakas , ring-tailed lemurs , red ruffed lemurs , black-and-white ruffed lemurs , red bellied lemurs , crowned lemurs , blue-eyed black lemurs , bonobos , Bornean orangutans , East Javan langurs , collared mangabeys , lion-tailed macaques , barbary macaques , western lowland gorillas , patas monkeys , L'Hoest's monkeys , white-faced saki monkeys , golden-headed lion tamarins , northern white-cheeked gibbons , emperor tamarins , silvery marmosets , Goeldi's monkeys , Venezuelan red howlers , grey-legged night monkeys , pygmy marmosets , Colombian white-headed capuchins , Colombian spider monkeys , Hanuman langurs , pied tamarins , red titi monkeys , golden lion tamarins , black-tufted marmosets , black bearded sakis , and woolly monkeys .In summer 2011, three adult male proboscis monkeys (9-year-old twin brothers Julau and Bagik, and 10-year-old half-brother Bena) joined the collection from Singapore Zoo to commemorate the zoo's fortieth anniversary. In 2012 Bena died due to heart failure. In 2013 Julau died due to liver failure. Later that year two males (Goalie, 3, and Jeff, 4) joined Bagik. However, Goalie died a few months after he arrived due to a blood protein deficiency. Two remained in Apenheul until early 2015 when Bagik, the last of the three original males, died due to a twisted large intestine. In 2015, Jeff left the collection to return to Singapore.The zoo obtained collared mangabeys in 2016, who live on the old proboscis monkey island. The mangabeys will at some point live with the gorillas together with the L'Hoest's monkeys and potentially the patas monkeys .", ["2_809"]] [20810, "Marie de Brimeu (born ca. 1550, Megen , North Brabant , died Li\u00e8ge , 18 April 1605), was a Flemish noblewoman known for her knowledge of botany and horticulture . She inherited her titles from her uncle, Charles de Brimeu , Count of Meghem, when he died in 1572, becoming the Countess of Meghem. Her second marriage in 1580 to Charles III, Prince of Chimay , elevated her to the rank of princess. Princess Marie de Brimeu of Chimay was the niece of Charles de Brimeu , Count of Meghem (1556\u20131572). He was her paternal uncle and she inherited his titles when he died without direct descendants. She thus became, among other titles, Countess of Meghem. She was born in 1550 in Megen (Meghem), a small town on the river Meuse , in the Duchy of Brabant , Habsburg Netherlands (it is now in the province of North Brabant , the Netherlands). She was the younger daughter of George de Brimeu, Lord of Quierieu (d. c. 1572), Charles' younger brother, by his second wife, Anna van Walthausen; her older sister was Marguerite de Brimeu. [ a ] She spent much of her early life in Mechelen , where her family had a large house behind the cloth hall. From her early life she developed an interest in gardens and plants, and in February 1571 sent a letter and plant material from Antwerp to the botanist Carolus Clusius in Mechelen, whom she had recently met there, suggesting that she had already established a garden in Antwerp. Another botanist, Matthaeus Lobelius , also refers to her Antwerp garden. Her first marriage, shortly before the end of January 1572, in Megen, was to Lancelot de Berlaymont, Lord of Beauraing (c.1550\u20131578), second son of Charles de Berlaymont , [ b ] who styled himself Count of Meghem in his wife's right. His father was an important public figure in the Netherlands, being a counsellor of Margaret of Parma , Governor of the Netherlands (1559\u20131567). As a fellow Catholic, he supported the Spanish Habsburgs in their struggle against the northern insurgents following the Dutch revolt of 1568. From 1570 he fought as a captain in a number of campaigns, and he was made governor of the fortress of Charlemont at Givet . In 1578 both he and his father died during the siege of Philippeville . She had two children from this marriage, both of whom died in infancy.Following her first husband's death, she adopted Calvinism , but remarried into another Catholic noble family , this time of higher rank. On 3 September 1580, in Aachen , she married Charles III de Cro\u00ff (1560\u20131612), Prince of Chimay, at 20 years old ten years her junior. She persuaded her husband to convert to Protestantism. On 12 June 1582, the couple were forced to flee from Li\u00e8ge, due to persecution of Protestants, eventually reaching the Protestant stronghold of Sedan , where they found refuge with Fran\u00e7oise de Bourbon , sister of Charlotte de Bourbon , William I of Orange 's wife. It was at Sedan that Charles formally adopted Protestantism. From there the couple moved to Calais , Vlissingen and finally Antwerp , where they joined William I. Marie de Brimeu separated from her husband in 1584, when he returned to Catholicism. When they separated the States General on 13 September 1584 ruled that she had the rights to all her possessions, but this led to lengthy legal proceedings. From 1584 she resided in a number of Dutch cities, including Middelburg , Delft , Utrecht , Leiden and The Hague . She led a very independent life as a wealthy woman, even though her estranged husband unsuccessfully attempted to poison her in 1586. She found herself in good standing with the Earl of Leicester , whom Elizabeth I appointed as Governor General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1585\u20131587), and his followers, including Anna Walburgis van Nieuwenaer . She spent much of her time on hunting and cultivated her gardens and special plants. Her family position placed her in the highest circle of the nobility of Southern Netherlands, but spent much of her life in the Northern Netherlands. In 1593, the States General requested that she move to The Hague to be closer to the court. Efforts continued to achieve a reconciliation between her and her husband, and an agreement was reached in 1600, by which she returned to the south, settling in Li\u00e8ge , where she also established a garden. Her last years were spent in ill health, and despite frequenting spas she died in Li\u00e8ge in 1605 at the age of 55, and was buried at the church in Megen. Marie de Brumeu was born into a French-speaking aristocratic Catholic family, the house of Meghem, in the Duchy of Brabant, which was one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands. Her family had been faithful adherents of the Dukes of Burgundy who had been the rulers of the Duchy, and at the time of her birth, the Duke was Charles II (Emperor Charles V ). Before she reached adulthood, Philip II had succeeded his father and the Netherlands had become plunged into turmoil in the Dutch Revolt . Calvinism was gaining ground, and the authorities were becoming increasingly repressive, introducing a local inquisition . Shortly after her second marriage, the northern provinces declared independence as the Dutch Republic (1581\u20131795) and the Duchy of Brabant was split between the two sides, with Megen in the new Protestant republic.Her life and work took place during a tumultuous time in the Low Countries , the Eighty Years' War (1568\u20131648), but also a time of great intellectual development in the world of botany, referred to as a botanical Renaissance . Botany also provided one of the few areas at the time where men and women could both participate, and women could be acknowledged as experts. She was known for her contributions to botany and horticulture , and was a member of the scientific network of Carolus Clusius from her acquaintance with him in Mechelen in the 1570s. Their correspondence, of which 27 letters to him have been preserved, forms a valuable source of information concerning the knowledge of botany at that time. Despite the difference in their social status, Marie de Brimeu was Clusius' closest and almost lifelong woman friend, and she reminded him that Justus Lipsius had called him \"the father of all the beautiful gardens in this country\". She developed an expertise in horticulture and creating gardens that attracted great interest throughout both the Southern and Northern Netherlands, and was an example of the intellectual and humanist philosophies in the Dutch Republic at that time, in which beauty could be appreciated for its own sake. In 1590, when she moved to Leiden, she lived in a house next to the Hortus Botanicus of Leiden University , where Clusius would take up his position as prefect and professor in 1593. In addition to Clusius, she formed associations with other scholars such as Lipsius and many likeminded noblewomen, including her sister, Louise de Coligny (widow of William I), Madame Brederode , Madame Matenesse, Madame DeFresne and Anne de Lalaing, widow of Willem de Hertaing, Seigneur de Marquette. Several of these women were also correspondents of Clusius, sharing an interest in botany regardless of religious difference. She used her influence at the court and in Leiden University circles, among other things, to provide Clusius with an appointment in Leiden. In her Leiden garden, she cultivated different types of tulips and other exotic plants. After she moved away from Leiden, she continued her correspondence with Clusius and they exchanged plants. Her work was noted by other botanists, such as Matthaeus Lobelius , who refers to her in his Cruydtboeck (1581) as one of the more important Flemish tulip growers. Lobelius provided her with a catalogue from which she could order plants from Britain. Her diplomatic and political life involved her in the Dutch revolt after her first marriage. The flower genus Brimeura was named after her by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1866. [ c ]", ["2_810"]] [20811, "In molecular biology , Small nucleolar RNA snoR60 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.\nsnoRNA snoR60 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O- methylation of substrate RNAs. Plant snoRNA snoR60 was identified in a screen of Arabidopsis thaliana . This molecular or cell biology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_811"]] [20812, "The Humboldt was a wooden steamer built in Eureka , CA in 1896. She sailed on the Alaska route for many years, and operated between San Francisco and Los Angeles between 1919 and 1932, when she was withdrawn from service. She was purchased by the White Flyer Line in 1919, and by the Los Angeles San Francisco Navigation Company in 1927. This article about transportation in Alaska is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a specific civilian ship or boat is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_812"]] [20813, "RMS Ophir was an Orient Steam Navigation Company (Orient Line) steam ocean liner that was built in 1891 and scrapped in 1922. Her regular route was between London and Sydney via the Suez Canal , Colombo and Melbourne . In 1901 she was the royal yacht HMS Ophir , taking the then Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York on a tour of the British Empire . From 1915 to 1919 she again served in the Royal Navy , this time as an armed merchant cruiser . After the First World War she was laid up, and in 1922 she was scrapped.Robert Napier and Sons built Ophir in Govan , Glasgow , as yard number 421. She was launched on 11 April 1891 and completed that October. Her registered length was 465.0\u00a0ft (141.7\u00a0m), her beam was 53.4\u00a0ft (16.3\u00a0m) and her depth was 34.1\u00a0ft (10.4\u00a0m). Her tonnages were 6,910 GRT and 3,323 NRT . She had berths for 892 passengers. Her cargo holds included three refrigerated chambers, with a combined capacity of 52,400 cubic feet (1,480\u00a0m 3 ). Ophir had twin screws , each driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine . The combined power of her twin engines was rated at 1,398 NHP or 9,500 ihp , and gave her a speed of 18 knots (33\u00a0km/h). Orient Line registered Ophir at Glasgow . Her United Kingdom official number was 98673 and her code letters were MJGD. By 1918 her wireless telegraph call sign was GYB. One appreciative passenger was \"the Welsh Swagman\" Joseph Jenkins who embarked at Melbourne on 24 November 1894, bound for Tilbury in a second-class cabin at the fare of \u00a326 15s 6d. When he first saw the ship, he thought it so huge that he wrote \"it is a wonder to me that it would move\". Jenkins, a noted diarist, detailed the 103-day voyage passing through the new Suez Canal . In 1901, as HMS Ophir , she took the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (the future King George V and Queen Mary ) on their tour of the British Empire . The visit was scheduled to open the new Federal Parliament in Melbourne , Australia , and also visited Gibraltar , Malta , Ceylon , the Straits Settlements , New Zealand , South Africa , Canada , and Newfoundland . The Royal Navy provided deck crew for the tour, and the engine room staff were from the Orient Line. [ citation needed ]A petty officer Harry Price was with the tour from February to November 1901. He wrote a record, which was later published. A chief petty officer McGregor, working for Alfred John West 's \"Our Navy\" company, filmed the cruise. Cinema film and lantern slides of the cruise were shown to the British Royal Family and staff at Sandringham House on 9 November 1901. [ citation needed ] (Ref: Personal diary of the Prince of Wales (later King George V), 10 November 1901: \"Afterwards West and McGregor showed the cinematograph photographs, taken by the latter, during our tour in the Colonies in the ball room, all the tenants & servants came, they were interesting but not very successful.\" Diary Extract reproduced by the permission of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. )On the completion of the royal tour, Ophir was paid off at Tilbury 6 November 1901. After the UK entered the First World War, the Admiralty requisitioned Ophir for conversion into an armed merchant cruiser. She was armed with six 6-inch (150\u00a0mm) guns. She entered service on 26 January 1915 as HMS Ophir , with the pennant number M 92. On 26 February the Admiralty bought her from Orient Line. Ophir joined the 9th Cruiser Squadron . On 21 March 1915 she left Tilbury, and by 25 March she was off the coast of Portugal . She patrolled between Gibraltar , the Canary Islands , Madeira and the Azores . In March 1916 she extended her patrol to the Cape Verde islands. She was dry docked in Gibraltar in July 1915, and a second time in March and April 1916, after which she lay at Gibraltar until June. She then patrolled to Cape Verde, Madeira and Dakar until September 1916, when she returned to Devonport . From Devonport, Ophir returned to patrolling between Cape Verde, Dakar and Sierra Leone . She was at Gibraltar from 22 December 1916, and dry docked there from 19 January to 1 February 1917. On 15 February she left Gibraltar, and patrolled to Sierra Leone. On 28 February she left Sierra Leone, and on 13 March she reached Plymouth . There is a gap in her surviving logbooks from 31 March 1917 until 1 April 1918. In January 1918 Ophir ' s pennant number was changed to MI 82. From 5 to 11 April 1918 she was anchored off Sierra Leone. She then steamed to Cape Town , where she was in port from 23 April to 1 May. From 9 to 12 May she was at Mauritius , and from 23 to 27 May she was in Singapore . From 1 to 26 June she was in Hong Kong , and from 2 to 5 July she was in Singapore again. She patrolled the north coast of Borneo until 5 August, and then was in Hong Kong from 10 to 27 August. Ophir then crossed the Pacific via Hawaii to Peru . She was in Honolulu Harbor from 14 to 19 September, Paita from 7 to 10 October, and Callao from 13 to 28 October. She then patrolled south to Mollendo , and then ports along the coast of Chile to Valpara\u00edso , where she was in port from 14 to 24 November. She then patrolled south to Talcahuano and Coronel , and back to Valpara\u00edso, where she was in port again from 29 November to 3 December. She then headed north, called at ports in northern Chile, and on 26 December passed through the Panama Canal . She remained at Crist\u00f3bal, Col\u00f3n until at least 31 December 1918, when her surviving logbooks end. In 1919 Ophir was laid up in the River Clyde , and then on 29 July she was paid off. In August 1921 she was sold for scrap, and in 1922 she was broken up at Troon . Media related to Ophir (ship, 1891) at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_813"]] [20814, "Gunungkidul ( Javanese : \ua9cb \ua992\ua9b8\ua9a4\ua9b8\ua981\ua98f\ua9b6\ua9a2\ua9b8\ua9ad\ua9c0 \ua9c9 ) is a regency area located in the Special Province of the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta , Indonesia . The administrative centre is the town of Wonosari . The name \"Gunungkidul\" comes from the Javanese language mountains in the south of Java Land , whose area is located in the Thousand Mountains range of the province. The Regency covers an area of 1,475.15\u00a0km 2 , about 46.5% of the provincial area. It had a population of 675,382 at the 2010 Census and 747,161 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 751,011 - comprising 371,220 males and 379,800 females - and so the population density in this regency is relatively low compared to other regencies of the province.This regency is bordered by Klaten Regency and Sukoharjo Regency in the north and northeast, Wonogiri Regency in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, and Bantul Regency and Sleman Regency in the west and northwest. Gunungkidul Regency has 18 District (Kapanewon). Most of the district is in the form of hills and limestone mountains, which are part of the Thousand Mountains. Gunungkidul is known as a barren area and often experiences drought in the dry season, but it has a unique historical feature, in addition to its tourism, cultural and culinary potential.The traditional snacks and meals from Gunungkidul include \"Gathot\" and \"Thiwul\". They are made from Fermentation Cassava and Dry Cassava.The southern coast of Gunungkidul has several beaches: Baron, Kukup, Krakal, Drini, Sepanjang, Sundak, Siung , Wediombo , Jungwok, Greweng, Sedahan and Sadeng. Some of these beaches provide fresh fish and other sea product supplied by local fisherman. The most notable is Baron Beach. There is a park next to the beach surrounded by seafood restaurants and hostels. There is a fresh fish market on the east side of the beach. On the west side, a river flows out from an almost sea-level cave on the side of the western ridge. The beach itself is khaki-colored and sprawled with traditional fishermen's boats. Beside the main beach, there is a kilometer of white sand beach lying beyond its eastern ridge. It can be reached by a small hike.As the name implies, Gunungkidul Regency is dominated by mountains which are the western part of the Sewu Mountains or the South Limestone Mountains (from this nickname, the name \"Gunungkidul\" is derived), which stretches across the southern part of Java Island starting from the area eastward to Tulungagung Regency .The Mountains are formed from limestone , indicating that in the past it was a seabed. The findings of ancient marine animal fossils support this assumption. This area began to become land as a result of tectonic and volcanic uplifts since the Miocene .Gunungkidul Regency is one of the regencies in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Special Province, with Wonosari as the capital city. The total area of Gunungkidul Regency is 1,475.15 km2 or about 46.5% of the total area of the Special Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The city of Wonosari is located southeast of the Yogyakarta City (the capital of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Special Province), with a distance of \u00b1 39\u00a0km. The Gunungkidul Regency area is divided into 18 Districts (Kapanewon) and 144 villages.Gunungkidul Regency is divided into eighteen administrative districts ( Indonesian : kapanewon ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages within each district (all classed as kalurahan ), and its post codes.\ua9a5\ua981\ua992\ua981\ua9a5\ua9b8\ua982\ua9ae\ua9b1\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua9a5\ua9ad\ua9b6\ua9aa\ua9a4\ua9c0\ua9b1\ua9a5\ua9c0\ua9a0\ua9b1\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua9a0\ua9bc\ua9a5\ua9b8\ua9b1\ua9c0\ua9a0\ua99a\ua9c0\ua997\ua9b8\ua981\ua9b1\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua9ab\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua981\ua98f\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua9a5\ua9c0\ua992\ua9b6\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua9b1\ua9b8\ua9a7\ua9b1\ua9bc\ua9a9\ua9a4\ua9b8\ua9a5\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua99a\ua9c0\ua997\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua981\ua98f\ua9ab\ua981\ua9a9\ua997\ua9ae\ua9a4\ua9b1\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua9a5\ua9c0\ua9ad\ua9aa\ua9ba\ua9a4\ua9c0\ua9a5\ua99b\ua9b8\ua98f\ua9c0\ua992\ua9bc\ua9a3\ua981\ua9b1\ua9ab\ua9b6\ua994\ua9c0\ua9ad\ua9b6\ua9a5\ua982\ua994\ua9ae\ua9ba\ua9a4\ua9c0\ua9b1\ua9bc\ua9a9\ua9b6\ua9a4\ua9c0Note: (a) except the villages of Baleharjo (which has a post code of 55811) and Kepek (which has a post code of 55813).Gunungkidul Regency is in a karst region. This leads to difficult geography for farmers and contributes to considerable poverty in the area because of water shortages. Much of the Regency is included in the Mount Sewu (literally \"thousand mountains\") collection of limestone hills which stretches across parts of southern Java from parts of Kebumen Regency in the west near the border with West Java across to close to the city of Malang in East Java . The Menoreh Hills in the area south of Yogyakarta in Kulonprogo Regency, for example, are part of this series of limestone hills. The limestone hills are reported to contain hundreds of caves. These are classified locally as vertical luweng (known as \" luweng\" in Javanese) and horizontal caves. Jomblang Cave ( Luweng Jomblang ) and Kalisuci Cave ( Luweng Kalisuci) located in the Semanu District in Gunungkidul Regency, as well as other caves in the area, are well-known to local caving (speleological) groups. Some of the caves are quite long; Cerme cave, for example, has an entrance in Bantul Regency and stretches for quite a distance eastward into Panggang subdistrict in Gunungkidul Regency. From archaeological findings, the area of Gunungkidul Regency is thought to have been inhabited by humans (Homo Sapiens) from 700,000 years ago. Many find the instructions of human existence found in caves and niches in karst of Gunungkidul, especially in Ponjong District. The human propensity Gunung occupy the time it caused most of the lowland in Yogyakarta is still flooded. The arrival of the first humans in Gunungkidul occurred at the end of the Pleistocene epoch . At that time, the human race Australoid migrated from the Pegunungan Sewu in Pacitan , East Java passing Wonogiri karst valleys, Central Java until it reaches the southern coast of Gunungkidul through ancient, Bengawan Solo .Gunungkidul Regency is located in the limestone uplands of Java, thus soils are not very good for growing rice. Cassava replaced rice in this area. Some famous Gunungkidul cuisine includes thiwul , gathot (both are cassava-based food), [ citation needed ] and a delicacy called walang goreng (fried grasshoppers ). The northern zone is called Agung Batur region, with an altitude of 200\u2013700 m above sea level. The situation is hilly, there are sources of groundwater depth of 6m - 12m from the ground. Latosol soil types dominated by volcanic and sedimentary parent hurricane stones. This area includes the districts of Patuk, Gedangsari, Nglipar, Ngawen, Semin, and the northern part of the district of Ponjong.The Central Zone is called Ledok Wonosari development, with an altitude of 150\u2013200 m above sea level. The soil type is dominated by Mediterranean association with the red and black grumusol limestone. So despite its long dry season, the water particles are still able to survive. There is a river on the land. Groundwater depth ranges between 60\u2013120\u00a0m below the ground surface. This area includes the districts of Playen, Wonosari, Karangmojo and Ponjong, and the central and northern parts of Semanu.The Southern Zone is called Pegunungan Sewu development area ( Duizon gebergton or Zuider gebergton ), with an altitude of 0\u2013300 m above sea level. Constituent bedrock is limestone with characteristic conical hills ( Conical limestone ) and the karst area. Underground rivers are often found in this region. The southern zone includes the districts of Saptosari, Paliyan, Girisubo, Tanjungsari, Tepus , Rongkop, Purwosari and Panggang, and the southern parts of Ponjong and Semanu.Gunungkidul regency including tropical area, the topography of a region dominated by karst region area. The southern region is dominated by karst region, that are numerous natural caves and underground rivers flowing. Under these conditions cause the condition of the land in the southern area which resulted in less fertile agricultural cultivation in this region is less than optimal.\nGunungkidul climatological conditions generally exhibit the following conditions:Tombak Kyai Marga Salurung is one of heirloom gift from the King of Yogyakarta , Hamengkubuwono X on Sunday, May 27, 2001, when the Celebration of 170th Anniversary of Gunungkidul Regency. Spear heirloom that has a new dhapur cekel , warangka kajeng sanakeling symbolize that the district government of Gunungkidul still has a major commitment to achieve lofty ideals are deeply rooted and always siding with the people. The leaders and the people have the attitude or the direction salurung approval, accord, saiyeg - saeka- kapti in the corridors of democracy, which means heavy hands make light work, conscious of their rights, but also respect the rights of others and known for certain obligations.Gunungkidul Regency and the nearby Imogiri area (in Bantul Regency ) and Pacitan Regency (East Java Province) is being promoted by the Indonesia government to be a UNESCO Geopark, due to their unique and scenic karst landscape. An accessor from UNESCO has visited 4 areas in July 2014. These include: As a karst region, Gunungkidul Regency has many caves, some of which have underground rivers. At least two of them ( Pindul Cave in the Bejiharjo area and Kalisuci Cave in the Semanu area) are regarded as tourist sites where tubing activities can be carried on. Nglanggeran primeval volcano in the Patuk area is only 600 meters high but there are excellent views from the peak to the north towards Mount Merapi and to the south across to the coast of Java. Scattered giant granite and andesite rock formations called \"watu wayang\" (puppet rocks) are found at the Mt Nglanggeran area as well as a nearby man-made lake. It takes around 3 hours to hike from the Pendopo Kali Song entrance point to the peak. Siung Beach Bay is about 300 meters in length, but swimming is prohibited because of dangerous rocks and severe waves. The cliff surrounding the beach, with over 200 tracks, is suitable for rock climbing. 200 meters east of Siung Beach there is a 10-meter Jogan Tide Fall in Tepus district which is 70 kilometers from Yogyakarta in 2 hours drive. Rainy season is the best time to see the Jogan Tide Fall, because in the dry season, the water level is low. 7\u00b058\u203200\u2033S 110\u00b036\u203209\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 7.966680\u00b0S 110.602561\u00b0E \ufeff / -7.966680; 110.602561", ["2_814"]] [20815, "The 8th Jagran Film Festival is organized in 16 cities of India namely, Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Dehradun, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal, Indore, Hisar, Ludhiana, Meerut, Raipur, and Mumbai. This edition of the festival will showcase 185 films from all around the world. The festival is an initiative of Jagran Prakashan Group , a publishing house listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India , aimed at promoting the appreciation of the cinematic art beyond the major metropolitan cities of India to smaller towns. The 8th Jagran Film Festival was held from July 1 to September 24, 2017. The first edition of Jagran Film Festival was held in the year 2010. The following people were on the jury for the Indian Features section: The following people were on the jury for Jagran shorts section:The following people were on the jury for Cinema of the Sellers section:The following people were on the jury for International Features section:This section is dedicated to the Indian Feature Films from all the regions of the country. The following films are under the Indian Feature section:This section is dedicated to Foreign Feature Films. It includes feature films from different countries. The following films are under World Panorama section:The following films are under the Special Screening section:The 8th edition of Jagran film festival pays homage to some of the veteran actors by screening their popular films. The following films were screened under the Homage section:The following prizes were awarded: ", ["2_815"]] [20816, "Leonid Genrikhovich Zorin ( Russian : \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d ; 3 November 1924 \u2013 31 March 2020) was a Russian playwright. He was born in Baku , Soviet Union , and studied at Azerbaijan University and at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. He is author of plays and screenplays. His most performed work is A Warsaw Melody (1967). This Soviet biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_816"]] [20817, "Nordbotn is a village in the municipality of Hitra in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway . It is located on the east side of the island of Fjellv\u00e6rs\u00f8ya . Nordbotn Church is located in this village which was once a trading post with a post office , bakery , and store . This Tr\u00f8ndelag location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_817"]] [20818, "Mill Road is a two-lane road in southeast Cambridge , England . It runs southeast from near to Parker's Piece , at the junction with Gonville Place , East Road , and Parkside . It crosses the main railway line and links to the city's ring road (the A1134 ). It passes through the wards of Petersfield and Romsey , which are divided by the railway line. It is a busy road containing many independent businesses, churches, hospital and Cambridge Central Mosque . Near the northwestern end to the south in Mortimer Road off Mill Road is Hughes Hall . Behind Hughes Hall is Fenner's , the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge , which has hosted first-class cricket since 1848. To the north is Anglia Ruskin University , formerly Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT).Mill Road was originally a quiet country lane leading to the southeast out of the city of Cambridge, named after the windmill that stood at what is now the corner of Covent Garden. The coming of the railways in the mid-19th century brought about a rapid development of the eastern part of the city after the University of Cambridge repeatedly blocked attempts to build a more central station . The population of the Mill Road area was listed as 252 in 1801, 6,651 in 1831, 11,848 in 1861 and 25,091 in 1891. Petersfield and Romsey Town , the areas of Mill Road to either side of the railway bridge, developed in markedly different ways.Petersfield , to the west of the railway, was originally developed by Gonville and Caius and Corpus Christi colleges (a fact reflected in the naming of the area's streets after college fellows ). In 1838 the Cambridge Union Workhouse was opened, a building subsequently to become the Mill Road Maternity Hospital and finally Ditchburn Place, a sheltered housing scheme. Mill Road Cemetery adjoins the Petersfield part of Mill Road to the north and David Parr House , a preserved terraced house decorated in the Arts and Crafts style, is close to the junction of Mill Road and Gwydir Street.Romsey Town , east of the railway, started to be developed after the inclosure acts of the middle 19th century. Expansion of the railway network drove the building of housing for railway workers and the majority of the houses were built in the ten years after 1885. Historically Petersfield has always been thought of by local residents as being on the 'Gown' side of the town and gown divide, with many of the residents having been employed by the University. Romsey , on the other hand, remained predominantly working class with a socialist tradition in its local politics, becoming known locally as 'Red Romsey' or 'Little Russia'. The Mill Road Winter Fair is an annual fair on the first Saturday in December. Attendance grew from 10,000 at the first fair in 2005 to at least 20,000 in 2009. Since 2009 part of Mill Road, including the bridge, has been closed to traffic for the duration of the fair. Regular activities include a shop window display competition, live music, folk dancing, a local history walk and open days at the road's churches, temple and mosque. The fair was founded by Suzy Oakes. The Gateway from India is an intricate temple archway that was carved by hand in Rajasthan , over a period of five years. In 2006, it was installed in the Bharat Bhavan Hindu temple, inside the library building on Mill Road. Following repossession of the temple by Cambridgeshire County Council in 2020, the archway was bought by hairdresser Piero D'Angelico, a member of Mill Road Traders' Association for \u00a31. Subsequently installed in public gardens in Ditchburn Place. It was opened in September 2023 in the presence of local dignitaries. The following live or have lived in the Mill Road area:", ["2_818"]] [20819, "The 2011 Tour of Britain was the eighth running of the latest incarnation of the Tour of Britain and the 72nd British tour in total. The race started on 11 September in Peebles , Scotland and finished on 18 September in London, England, with the race also visiting Wales for one stage. The race consisted of eight stages \u2013 down from the original itinerary of nine stages due to bad weather \u2013 and included the Tour's first individual time trial since 2007 , as part of two stages on the race's final day, with a criterium to finish the race. The race was held as part of the 2010\u20132011 UCI Europe Tour , and was categorised by the UCI as a 2.1 category race. The race was won by Rabobank rider Lars Boom , who claimed the leader's gold jersey after two stage victories, as well as a strong finish on the individual time trial stage. Boom maintained his advantage to the end of the race, with a winning margin over runner-up Team Sky 's Steve Cummings of 36 seconds, and Team NetApp 's Jan B\u00e1rta completed the podium, 19 seconds behind Cummings and 55 seconds down on Boom.In the race's other classifications, Team Sky's Geraint Thomas won the points classification, An Post\u2013Sean Kelly rider Pieter Ghyllebert led the sprints classification from start to finish and Jonathan Tiernan-Locke took home the polka-dot jersey for Rapha Condor\u2013Sharp , as he finished at the top of the mountains classification. As well as Thomas' points victory, Team Sky finished on top of the teams classification.A pair of riders \u2013 An Post\u2013Sean Kelly 's Pieter Ghyllebert and Sigma Sport\u2013Specialized 's Russell Hampton \u2013 made the early breakaway from the field, locking out the top two placings at each of the three intermediate sprint points and the three categorised climbs during the stage. Ghyllebert finished first at the sprints, and thus took the race's first sprints jersey, while Hampton earned the polka-dot jersey for heading the mountains classification, and also earned the award for the day's most combative rider. The breakaway, which had an advantage of six minutes over the field at one point during the stage, was caught with around 10\u00a0km (6.2\u00a0mi) remaining, which would ultimately set up a sprint finish in Dumfries. HTC\u2013Highroad , Rabobank and Team Sky moved their riders towards the front of the field, to win the sprint for the line and the ten-second time bonus available for the first rider to complete the stage. As it was, HTC\u2013Highroad were the strongest in the closing stages and Mark Renshaw led Mark Cavendish \u2013 only racing in the Tour with special dispensation from the Union Cycliste Internationale after his stage 4 exit from the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a \u2013 out to claim the stage victory, his first in the race since 2007 . The stage victory gave Cavendish the lead in the general classification, and also the points classification, from points gained at the finish. Renshaw finished just behind Cavendish, with Rabobank's Theo Bos completing the top three placings.Prior to the start of the stage, race organisers cancelled the stage on police advice due to high winds in Northern England, as Hurricane Katia, now a post-tropical cyclone hit the country. Remained the General Classification after Stage 2Although not as prominent as the previous day, windy conditions caused problems for the riders during the stage, with the field being split into several groups, behind a trio of breakaway riders. UnitedHealthcare 's Boy Van Poppel, An Post\u2013Sean Kelly 's Andrew Fenn , and the mountains classification leader Russell Hampton of Sigma Sport\u2013Specialized formed the day's breakaway, and they accelerated away from the field to a maximum advantage of over three minutes. The lead trio also took the maximum points from the first two intermediate sprints and the second category climb at Ramshorn . They stayed ahead of the field \u2013 and were later joined by Rapha Condor\u2013Sharp rider Jonathan Tiernan-Locke \u2013 until just after Gun Hill , where Team Sky , HTC\u2013Highroad and Rabobank advanced some of their riders into an echelon of 27 riders. After advancing all six of their riders into the echelon, Team Sky sent one of their riders on the attack with around 15\u00a0km (9.3\u00a0mi) remaining on the stage.The newly crowned British time trial champion Alex Dowsett attempted to take a solo victory for the second time in a few weeks, after a similar performance at the Tour du Poitou-Charentes a couple weeks prior to the Tour of Britain. Dowsett was caught within the final 2\u00a0km (1.2\u00a0mi) of the stage, which allowed several teams to launch mini-attacks on their rivals, in an attempt to break them. Ultimately, it was the Rabobank duo Michael Matthews and Lars Boom that set up the sprint akin to the sprint that Mark Renshaw and Mark Cavendish accomplished for HTC\u2013Highroad in Dumfries in Stage 1. Boom won the stage ahead of Matthews, with Geraint Thomas best of the rest in third for Team Sky, ahead of team-mate Steve Cummings and Cavendish. Boom's win \u2013 coupled with bonus seconds on the finish and intermediate sprints \u2013 enabled him to take the general classification lead from Cavendish by three seconds. Just like the previous day's stage, a trio of riders went away from the field to form the day's breakaway. Rapha Condor\u2013Sharp 's Kristian House , Endura Racing 's Jack Bauer , and the sprints classification leader Pieter Ghyllebert of An Post\u2013Sean Kelly formed the breakaway, and they accelerated away from the field to a maximum advantage of almost six minutes. The lead trio also took the maximum points from all three intermediate sprints \u2013 a result that boosted Ghyllebert's lead in the sprints classification \u2013 and the first two categorised climbs of the day, at Llyswen Hill and over the first category climb at the Brecon Beacons .The field steadily brought back the breakaway, and by the foot of the final climb of the day coming at Caerphilly mountain with just 5\u00a0km (3.1\u00a0mi) remaining, the field was all back together again. The climb split the field apart so much so, that only 22 riders were in contention of winning the stage at Caerphilly Castle . The world road race champion, Thor Hushovd , was set up for the sprint by Garmin\u2013Cerv\u00e9lo team-mate Julian Dean , and proceeded to take the stage victory. Lars Boom , the race leader, finished behind Hushovd, and ahead of Cesare Benedetti, Ian Bibby and Boy Van Poppel. Boom extended his lead in the general classification, thanks to his time bonus of six seconds on the finish line, and also assumed the lead of the points classification from Mark Cavendish . After several mini-attacks in the early running of the stage, it was not until around 40\u00a0km (24.9\u00a0mi) into the stage that the breakaway developed. The breakaway had been instigated by Rapha Condor\u2013Sharp rider Jonathan Tiernan-Locke at the foot of the first climb at Haytor Rocks, and would eventually swell to a total of thirteen riders, who held a maximum advantage of almost six minutes. Tiernan-Locke, as well as winning maximum points at Haytor Rocks, claimed both of the second category climbs that were held later on the stage. As a result of his points on the day, he assumed the lead of the mountains classification from Sigma Sport\u2013Specialized 's Russell Hampton, who had held the lead of the classification since the opening stage in Scotland.The field brought back the breakaway quickly, although there was a counter-attack from the break, with Damien Gaudin of Team Europcar going off the front with 25\u00a0km (15.5\u00a0mi) remaining. Gaudin's bid for victory was eventually stunted within the closing 3\u00a0km (1.9\u00a0mi) of the stage. HTC\u2013Highroad made their presence at the front of the field, in a bid to repeat their victory on Stage 1 with Mark Cavendish . However, Cavendish decided not to fully sprint for the line to allow Mark Renshaw \u2013 a rider who has led out Cavendish to many of his victories over their time at the team \u2013 to take the stage victory. Cavendish led the rest of the field over the line, ahead of Robert F\u00f6rster , Geraint Thomas and Andrew Fenn . Rabobank 's Lars Boom maintained his twelve-second lead in the general classification over Thomas, who took the lead of the points classification from Boom. Four riders made up the day's breakaway \u2013 Team Sky 's Ben Swift , An Post\u2013Sean Kelly 's Mark McNally , Paul Voss of Endura Racing and Lars Bak for the HTC\u2013Highroad team \u2013 but none of the quartet were in great contention to take any of the jerseys during the stage. The day's first intermediate sprint, coming at 20\u00a0km (12.4\u00a0mi) into the stage, saw several riders fall while contesting the sprint; most notably points classification leader Geraint Thomas and Ian Bibby of Motorpoint Pro\u2013Cycling Team , with the latter forced to abandon the race due to a broken collarbone. The sprint itself was won by race leader Lars Boom , putting another three seconds onto his overall lead, prior to the breakaway move, who held station off the front until the closing 25\u00a0km (15.5\u00a0mi) of the stage, when 17 other riders bridged the gap to them, and provided for a reduced field sprint finish. Boom was the strongest rider in the remaining riders, and comfortably took the stage win, extending his general classification lead to 28 seconds over Team NetApp 's Leopold K\u00f6nig , who finished third on the stage. Boom also regained the points classification lead from the delayed Thomas.The breakaway was the key to the day's stage, having made an escape from the field after just 5.5\u00a0km (3.4\u00a0mi), and ultimately held an advantage of almost 90 seconds all the way to the end of the stage. Six riders from six different teams \u2013 Gediminas Bagdonas of An Post\u2013Sean Kelly , Ian Wilkinson of Endura Racing , Team Europcar 's Mathieu Claude , Topsport Vlaanderen\u2013Mercator 's Stijn Neirynck, and riding for British continental teams Team Raleigh and Sigma Sport\u2013Specialized , Richard Handley and Wouter Sybrandy \u2013 were left to fight for the victory themselves, with Rabobank ending a pursuit to catch them with around 30\u00a0km (18.6\u00a0mi) remaining, instead deciding to protect their leader Lars Boom and his lead overall. Bagdonas ultimately took the stage win ahead of Wilkinson, Claude and Neirynck, as Boom maintained his lead of 28 seconds in the general classification over Team NetApp 's Leopold K\u00f6nig , ahead of the final day's split-stages. Boom and K\u00f6nig both finished in the pack led home by Mark Cavendish , 83 seconds behind Bagdonas. The first of the final day's pair of stages was a short circuit through London, around Whitehall and the Thames Embankment , measuring 8.8\u00a0km (5.5\u00a0mi). The early benchmark was set by the second rider out on the course, Rick Flens of Rabobank , with a time of 10' 41\" that stood well against the majority of the early runners, and was not bettered until Endura Racing 's Alexander Wetterhall, the former Swedish national time trial champion, broke the timing beam with a time of 10' 33\". Just like Flens before him, Wetterhall's time also managed to give him the best time for a while, and it was not until Lieuwe Westra of Vacansoleil\u2013DCM that Wetterhall was displaced from the top spot. Westra's time of 10' 19\" remained unchallenged for another fifteen minutes \u2013 riders outside the top ten in the general classification left the start at one-minute intervals \u2013 until Team Sky 's Alex Dowsett went round the course some five seconds quicker than Westra did. Dowsett's time was ultimately good enough for the stage victory, for his first victory in the race. As the top ten took to the course in two-minute intervals, it was Dowsett's team-mate Steve Cummings that made up the most ground on time, as he finished nine seconds off Dowsett's time, a result that would lift him from fifth place to second place in the general classification. Despite Cummings' position gain, he lost four seconds to race leader Lars Boom , as he finished the course marginally quicker than Westra, to claim second place on the stage. The race's final stage was held over the same circuit as the individual time trial that had taken place hours before, with ten laps of the circuit making up the stage distance of 88\u00a0km (54.7\u00a0mi). As had been the case in many of the week's stage, a rider from the An Post\u2013Sean Kelly team made their way into the stage breakaway, with Ronan McLaughlin latterly joined by Rapha Condor\u2013Sharp rider Kristian House towards the end of the first lap of the circuit, but their advantage never exceeded more than 40 seconds as Rabobank and HTC\u2013Highroad looked to keep the gap at a minimum in preparation for the finish.After starting the stage in dry conditions, rain started to fall towards the end of the eighth lap of the race, providing the race's 79 remaining riders with an added danger in the closing stages. House attacked off McLaughlin on the final lap, but was eventually swallowed up by the main field prior to the bunch sprint at the finish. Robert F\u00f6rster of UnitedHealthcare led the sprint out ahead of Mark Renshaw and Geraint Thomas , but it was Mark Cavendish , who turned into the final straight in fifth position, who took the stage victory ahead of Renshaw \u2013 HTC\u2013Highroad 's third one-two finish of the Tour \u2013 and allowed Cavendish to head to the UCI Road World Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark on a high. Lars Boom finished in the main field to seal the race victory, and he became the first Dutch rider to win the Tour of Britain. Despite his overall victory, Boom surrendered the victory in the points classification on the finish to Thomas, after his fourth place on the stage behind Cavendish, Renshaw and F\u00f6rster. ", ["2_819"]] [20820, "Drongan railway station (NS445190) was a railway station serving the village of Drongan , East Ayrshire , Scotland . The station was originally part of the Ayr and Cumnock Branch on the Glasgow and South Western Railway . The station opened on 1 July 1872, and closed on 10 September 1951. A line left the station heading east to serve the Killoch Ironworks. The line is still operational today, now serving the Killoch Washery.55\u00b026\u203225\u2033N 4\u00b027\u203232\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 55.4402\u00b0N 4.4589\u00b0W \ufeff / 55.4402; -4.4589This Scotland railway station-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_820"]] [20822, "Drowse is the musical project of American musician and producer Kyle Bates. Based in Portland , Oregon , Bates founded the project in 2013 and released the debut album, Soon Asleep , in 2015. Bates collaborates with other musicians during his home recordings and live shows and creates interrelated audiovisual and installation artwork and writings under his own name. Before forming Drowse, Bates played in local bands and recorded music on his laptop. In 2011 Bates experienced a dissociative mental breakdown that would inform the first few Drowse releases. In 2013 he released an EP, Songs to Sleep On through Television Records and began performing live with help from various Portland musicians. Drowse released its debut album Soon Asleep through Apneic Void Sounds in 2015. The album featured Portland based singer Tuesday Faust. Following the release of Soon Asleep , Drowse recorded music that was contributed to Miserable's 2016 album, Uncontrollable . In 2016 Drowse released an EP titled Memory Bed through New York based label The Native Sound . Memory Bed featured vocal and lyrical collaborations with Maya Stoner. Drowse signed to The Flenser to release sophomore album Cold Air in 2018. Directly after the release Bates became an artist in residence in Skagastr\u00f6nd, Iceland, resulting in new work including Fog Storm pts. 1-4 , released as a split with Planning For Burial . Light Mirror , Drowse's second album for The Flenser , was released in 2019\u2013it features material recorded in Iceland and at home. Later that year Drowse released the mini-LP, Second Self , in collaboration with Lane Shi Otayonii (Elizabeth Colour Wheel, Otay:onii) as an exclusive work for The Flenser 's label subscription series. Drowse's final release of 2019 was a split with Amulets put out by Whited Sepulchre Records, it featured sounds recorded at the same time as material for Light Mirror . In 2020 Drowse contributed the acousmatic piece \"Screen (Hyperreal)\" to the multimedia collection Medicine for a Nightmare: Part One. Bates then composed and recorded a new audiovisual work, Failing Memory Theatre (Prologue) , which features repurposed sounds sourced from throughout the Drowse's discography as well as versions of forthcoming material for an upcoming, as-yet-untitled, full length\u2013 Failing Memory Theatre (Prologue) was created for and premiered at Roadburn Redux in 2021. In July 2021 the project released Room Impression as part of Glowing Window Recordings' Cold Fronts , a cohesive album length collection of works by Drowse, Planning for Burial , Jonathan Tuite ( The Flenser ), and Bryan Manning ( Bosse-de-Nage ). Wane into It , the project's third proper full length for The Flenser , was self-recorded in Oakland, Portland, and LA from 2019 to 2022. It was released on November 11, 2022. Drowse has shared the stage with a wide range of musical acts, including Planning for Burial and King Woman. Pitchfork summed up the project's sound as \"blending slowcore, ambient, and folk with lo-fi musings on memory and entropy, [part of] a grand tradition of Pacific Northwestern gloom.\" Drowse derives influence from multiple genres and has been also been labeled \"drone-pop\", \"shoegaze/drone\", and \"dream pop.\" Vice described the project's sound as \"the aural equivalent of blood rushing back to a sleeping limb\" and likened it to a \"post- black metal take on\" English shoegazing band Slowdive and Texas post-rock band Explosions in the Sky . Spin writer Matt Malone noted that \"Drowse prioritizes music over lyrics, using vocals not to tell a story as much as add an instrumental layer to the music's soothing fog.\" A.V. Club critic Brian Shultz characterized the project's sound as \"breathy, entrancing, and certainly a little bit eerie.\" Cris Lankenau, writing for Willamette Week , compared Drowse to other Pacific Northwest musical acts Mount Eerie and Grouper . Lars Gotrich from NPR reinforced the comparison, saying \"Drowse [...] sounds like an intimate Mount Eerie home recording overdubbed with a worn-out cassette of The Cure 's Disintegration .\" ", ["2_822"]] [20827, "Billy Pierre Bakker ( Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u026ali \u02c8b\u0251k\u0259r] ; born 23 November 1988) is a Dutch former field hockey player who played as a midfielder or forward for the Netherlands national team . Bakker scored a total of 65 goals in 236 appearances for the national team from 2009 until 2021. Bakker started playing hockey at age six at Randwijck. When he was 10 years old he moved to Amsterdam , where he made his debut in the first senior team in 2007. In 2012 he became the captain of the team. He won the Dutch national title in 2010\u201311 and 2011\u201312. In 2017 he played a season in the Hockey India League for the Kalinga Lancers , helping them win the title. Bakker made his debut for the national team on 28 November 2009 at the 2009 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , he competed for the national team in the men's tournament , winning a silver medal. He was the captain of the Netherlands national team at the 2018 World Cup , where they won the silver medal. In 2017 and 2018, Bakker was nominated for the FIH Player of the Year Award. After the 2020 Summer Olympics , he announced his retirement from the national team. This biographical article relating to a Dutch field hockey figure is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a Dutch Olympic medalist is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_827"]] [20830, "The 22nd Marine Regiment (22nd Marines) is an inactive United States Marine Corps infantry regiment. The regiment was commissioned in 1942 and was placed under the command of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in 1944, and the 6th Marine Division in 1945. It took part in fighting at the battles of Eniwetok , Guam , and Okinawa . The regiment also participated in the occupation of northern China following the war. 22d Marines was decommissioned in March 1946. The 22nd Marines was reactivated at Marine Corps Base Quantico , Virginia in 1947 and but was again decommissioned in October 1949.The 22nd Marine Regiment was composed of three infantry battalions and one headquarters battalion. The 22nd Marines initially also had a 2nd Separate Howitzer Battalion which would eventually become a battalion within the 15th Marine Regiment of the 6th Marine Division upon its formation.The 22nd Marine Regiment was commissioned on June 1, 1942, at Camp Elliot in San Diego, California ( Linda Vista tent area). The first infantry regiment (regimental combat team) was designated as an \"independent\" unit after the start of World War II. Its first commanding officer was Colonel John T. Walker . On June 18, the 22nd Marines embarked for the Pacific theater , where the 1st and 2nd battalions were used for island defense. On Bora Bora the 1st Seabees Detachment (aka Bobcats) and a detachment of A Company 3rd CB had completed their construction projects and were en route to rejoin the Construction Battalion at Noumea when they were diverted and made 3/22. The balance of A Co. 3rd CB joined them. The 22nd put the Seabees through bootcamp in the jungles of western Samoa . In November 1943, the Regiment went to Maui, Hawaii and Wallis Island for amphibious warfare training before seeing combat in February 1944. After the Marshalls 3rd Battalion was returned to Naval Construction Battalion 3 and was reformed with Marines.It was discovered on Guadalcanal that some 1800+ members of the 22nd Marines had been infected while they were training in Samoa in 1942 and 1943 with the slow manifesting tropical disease Filariasis , which causes Elephantiasis . The Marine regiment was replaced with 500 Marines and Navy corpsmen that were excess with the 3rd Marine Division and replacements from the United States. This greatly reduced the number of experienced Marines, corpsmen, and leaders within the regiment just prior to the Battle of Guam in July. For the invasion of the island of Guam , the 4th Marine Regiment, 22nd Marine Regiment, and the Army's 305th Infantry Regiment , formed the core of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade which was reactivated on April 18, 1944, on Guadalcanal. Colonel Walker was replaced with regiment's Executive officer, Colonel Merlin F. Schneider .( 22nd Marines: Navy Unit Commendation , February 17 to 22, 1944 )\nOn February 18, 1944, the 22nd Marines under the command of Colonel John T. Walker , participated in the Battle of Eniwetok , in the northwest area of the Marshall Islands , capturing the islands of Engebi in 6 hours, Eniwetok Atoll on February 21 with the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 106th Infantry Regiment of the 27th Infantry Division , and Parry on February 22. The 22nd Marine proceeded to take Kwajalein and Roi-Namur from March 7 to April 5. This was the first Marine Corps unit to formally employ fire team tactics in combat. On April 6, the Marine regiment was sent to Guadalcanal for rest, replacements, and further training. ( 1st Provisional Marine Brigade: Navy Unit Commendation, July 21 to August 10, 1944 )On July 21, 1944, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade assaulted and landed south of the Orote Peninsula on Guam, the largest island of the Mariana Islands . The 3rd Marine Division landed north of the peninsula. The 1st Battalion, 22nd Marines landed on Beach Yellow 1 which was just north of the City of Agat , 2nd Battalion, 22nd Marines came ashore on Yellow 2, and the 3rd Battalion, 22nd Marines held in reserve landed on Yellow 1. In about 20 days of fighting the island was declared free of organized resistance. On August 23, the 4th and 22nd Marine Regiments sailed back to Guadalcanal. The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was disbanded in September 1944 on Guadalcanal. The 4th Marines, 22nd Marines, and the 1st Battalion, 29th Marines along with supporting units and the 2nd and 3rd Battalions, 29th Marines from the United States were joined in September to form the 6th Marine Division on Guadalcanal which was activated on September 25. ( 6th Marine Division: Presidential Unit Citation , April 1 to June 21, 1945 )On April 1, 1945, during the invasion of Okinawa, the 22nd Marines landed on Green Beach where they secured the left flank of the landing force. Following the landing they pushed north with the rest of the 6th Marine Division and secured the northern portion of the island. On 13 April, the 2nd Battalion, 22nd Marines reached Hedo-Misaki at the northernmost tip of the island. They were eventually pulled down south and placed in the line to the right of the 1st Marine Division where they would eventually secure the city of Naha while taking very heavy casualties. On May 16, the 22nd Marines was ordered to capture Sugar Loaf Hill which was captured with the 29th Marines in two days. Commanding officer, Harold C. Roberts , was killed by Japanese sniper on the last day of attack on Sugar Loaf Hill. After the fighting on Okinawa on June 21, the 22nd Marines was moved to Guam to rest and refit.While recuperating on Guam, the war ended on September 2, 1945. The 22nd Marines received a warning order for it to prepare to move to China. The entire 6th Marine Division was sent to Northern China as elements of Operation Beleaguer . It was a two prong mission: one to accept the surrender of Japanese forces and two to repatriate those troops and other Japanese nationals back to Japan. The 22nd Marines landed in Qingdao on October 11, 1945, and were still there on March 26, 1946, when the 6th division was officially inactivated.The 22nd Marines was reactivated as School Demonstration Troops at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, on 1 September 1947. Among its duties was training new Marine Corps Officers at The Basic School, Quantico, VA. The regiment was fully inactivated on 17 October 1949. During this period, 22nd Marines were commanded by Colonels Joseph C. Burger and Henry W. Buse Jr.Three Marines and one Navy corpsman who was assigned to the 22nd Marines were awarded the Medal of Honor:PosthumousA unit citation or unit commendation are unit decorations bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear the appropriate unit award ribbon on their uniforms. Members of the 22nd Marine Regiment are entitled to the following service ribbons in the order of precedence:", ["2_830"]] [20832, "Thomas Brigham Bishop (June 29, 1835 - May 15, 1905) (usually referred to as T. Brigham Bishop ) is best known as an American composer of popular music. Various disputed claims have been made by Bishop and others that he authored, or at least contributed to the authorship of, a number of popular 19th-century songs, including John Brown's Body , When Johnny Comes Marching Home , and Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me . Bishop later had an infamous career as a bucket shop proprietor, among other schemes. Bishop was born in Wayne, Maine in 1835, and began studying music in Providence, Rhode Island when he was 16. In 1864, he founded a minstrel show in Chattanooga, which lasted until Lincoln's assassination. While Bishop did publish a number of songs beginning in the 1850s, disputes have arisen over his authorship claims as to some of the most famous of those compositions. In some cases, it is fairly clear that Bishop was not the original author of the works in dispute. In other cases the facts are not clear. Bishop has often been attributed with authorship of the popular Civil War marching song \" John Brown's Body \", though that claim is widely disputed. The melody of the song was famously also used for The Battle Hymn of the Republic . In 1916, Bishop's friend John J. MacIntyre published a short book promoting Bishop's authorship of John Brown's Body and other songs, boldly called The Composer of the Battle Hymn of the Republic . MacIntyre also promoted Bishop's authorship claims in 1935, for the 100th anniversary of Bishop's birth, which was featured in an article in Time magazine . Bishop's story of the genesis of the song is that it grew out of a conversation with his brother-in-law around 1858, who \"took me to task, remarking that my songs were all written for the devil. Then he said 'I am bound to be a soldier in the army of the Lord.' Glory, Glory, Hallelujah!'\" This, according to Bishop, inspired him to the melody and lyrics, and he later modified the lyrics after John Brown 's death at Harper's Ferry in 1859. Bishop claimed he first published the song with John Church of Cincinnati in 1861. The Civil-War tune \" When Johnny Comes Marching Home \" is usually attributed to composer and bandmaster Patrick Gilmore (though from a melody derived from the older Irish song Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye ), but other attributions to Bishop have also been made. According to Bishop, he wrote the melody for the song in 1850, as \"Johnny, Fill Up the Bowl,\" Gilmore wrote new lyrics for it in 1863, and both brought the song to their publisher, who reportedly suggested that the Lambert pseudonym be used on the sheet music. According to Bishop's account, he wrote \" Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me \" during the Civil War while assigned to command a company of black soldiers. One of the soldiers, dismissing some remarks of his fellow soldiers, exclaimed \"Shoo fly, don't bother me,\" which inspired Bishop to write the song. The company, we are told, generated the line \"I belong to Company G\". Yet, the song was reportedly \"pirated\" from Bishop and he made little money from it. Bishop did publish a sheet music version of the song in 1869, which includes the caption, \"Original Copy and Only Authorized Edition.\" Other sources, however, have credited Billy Reeves (lyrics) and Frank Campbell, or Rollin Howard , with the song. The first group to popularize the song was Bryant's Minstrels in 1869\u201370. Writer John J. MacIntyre's 1916 short book, The Composer of the Battle Hymn of the Republic , about Bishop's songs, appears to be written largely based on Bishop's self-reporting to MacIntyre many years after the fact. MacIntrye reports therein that he first met Bishop in 1897 in New York.Perhaps the most amazing of the claims in the book is that Bishop had a small part in the writing of one of the Stephen Foster 's best known songs, Old Folks at Home (\"Swanee River\"). Bishop claims that he ran into Foster in a music publishing house, where Foster had already composed the lyrics and basic melody, and whistled it to Bishop, who \"put it down\" on paper for him, and arranged it for piano by adding basic chords. Then, according to Bishop, famed blackface performer E.P. Christy walked in, heard the song, and paid Foster $30 for it on the spot. Thus, the song was attributed to E.P. Christy when it was published (which, at the very least, is true; the original sheet music, dated 1851, attributes authorship to Christy). If any of this story was true, Bishop would have been only about 16 years old at the time of this event, and it contradicts other sources which make no mention of Bishop. By the 1880s, Bishop became engaged in the \" bucket shop \" business\u2014essentially a betting business based on the stock market. Bishop reportedly became the \"leader\" of the shady (and eventually illegal) trade in New York City, and also specialized in female customers. Bishop was arrested in mid-1890 for charges arising out of legal proceedings brought against him for taking $2,000 from a Julie E. Hetsch in 1885, but was able to skip town once bond was posted. He was again arrested in Jersey City, New Jersey in November 1891 and placed in Ludlow Street Jail , where the New York Times critique of Bishop's financial career was withering: \"Bishop has had a long career as a confidence man , bunko steerer, and general crook. He has made Massachusetts, Ohio, and Florida too hot to hold him.\" In 1881, Bishop built a 200-room hotel near Silver Springs, Florida . After fires in 1894/95, he rebuilt on the site as the \"Brown House.\" Also in Florida, he helped found the Palatka National Bank, which failed after a few years. In 1901, Bishop was embroiled in yet another scheme, this time promoting the \"New England Wireless Telephone Company\", which was one of a number of companies formed as a supposed competitor to Marconi , which were later exposed as a fraud. In 1867, Bishop married \"Sarah A.\", who was possibly a former actress. From 1886 to 1894, they had a house in Dundee Park , New Jersey . Bishop died in Philadelphia on May 15, 1905, suffering from locomotor ataxia . As one Florida obituary of Bishop noted (while detailing Bishop's various exploits), \"by the death in Philadelphia last week of Thomas Brigham Bishop, a curiously picturesque and extraordinary career extending more than half a century was closed.\" Bishop was buried in Mount Peace Cemetery in Philadelphia. His widow Sarah died in 1924 and was interred with him.", ["2_832"]] [20833, "Clive James Charles Betts (born 13 January 1950) is a British Labour Party politician and former economist who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield South East , previously Sheffield Attercliffe since 1992 . Clive Betts was born on 13 January 1950 in Sheffield . He was state educated at the Longley School in Sheffield, King Edward VII School, Sheffield , before studying at Pembroke College, Cambridge , where he received a BA in Economics and Politics .He joined the Labour Party in 1969 and joined the Trades Union Congress in 1971 as an economist . In 1973, he was appointed as an economist with Derbyshire County Council, and moved to the South Yorkshire County Council in 1974 where he was an economist until 1986. In 1986, he was appointed as an economist with Rotherham Borough Council .Betts stood unsuccessfully as the Labour Party candidate in the Burngreave Ward in the 1975 city council election . He was subsequently elected in the Firth Park ward in the 1976 city council election and re-elected in 1980 , 1984 and 1988 . As a Sheffield City councillor, he was chair of the Housing Committee for six years, deputy leader and chair of the Finance Committee for one year and the chief whip of the Labour Group for three years. He was also formerly the group secretary. Betts became deputy leader of Sheffield City Council under David Blunkett in 1986. He succeeded Blunkett as leader in 1987 following the latter's election as MP for Sheffield Brightside. As leader of the council, Betts presided over the council's controversial decision to fund the 1991 World Student Games . At the October 1974 general election , Betts stood as the Labour candidate in Sheffield Hallam , coming second with 29% of the vote behind the incumbent Conservative MP John Osborn . Betts stood in Louth at the 1979 general election , coming third with 21.5% of the vote behind the incumbent Conservative MP Michael Brotherton and the Liberal candidate. Betts was elected to Parliament at the 1992 general election as MP for Sheffield Attercliffe with 57.5% of the vote and a majority of 15,480. At the 1997 general election , Betts was re-elected as MP for Sheffield Attercliffe with an increased vote share of 65.3% and an increased majority of 21,818. He was again re-elected at the 2001 general election , with an increased vote share of 67.8% and a decreased majority of 18,844. In 2003, Betts was suspended from the House of Commons for seven days for irregularities involving the employment and visa of Jose Gasparo, a Brazilian student with previous experience as a male escort . The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported on 10 July 2010 that Betts' partner and parliamentary assistant, James Thomas, had tried to edit this fact from Betts' English Wikipedia page in an attempt to cover it up. Betts was found guilty of breaching the MPs' code of conduct, with the Standards and Privileges Committee stating that he had acted \"extremely foolishly\" and had risked damaging public confidence in the integrity of Parliament. Particular concerns involved his failure to disclose Gasparo's background to parliamentary authorities and the fact that Betts had knowingly photocopied an altered document on Gasparo's behalf. Betts gave an \"unreserved apology\" in a personal statement to MPs when the report was published. Also in 2003, Betts was subject to criticism for his accommodation expenses after he had previously campaigned for an increase in MPs' entitlements on the ground of \"hardship\". It was reported by The Times that Betts had \"flipped\" his designated second home to Yorkshire before buying a \"country estate\" there, before \"flipping it\" back to London and taking out a larger mortgage on his flat there. Betts denied wrongdoing, arguing the Yorkshire property had been \"two dilapidated listed buildings\" and that when he became a whip he had to declare his main residence as his London flat. In 2004, he was criticised by the British Medical Association for going to Portugal with 15 fellow MPs on an all-expenses trip paid for by the fast food chain McDonald's. Betts responded that if MPs had a \"puritanical\" attitude about food then people would ignore what they said. He faced further criticism in 2010 after it was reported that he was one of eight MPs who were renting out a \"second home\" in London while claiming for the cost of renting a '\"third home\" in the city at taxpayers' expense. Although legal, critics argued the \"loophole\" was allowing MPs to increase their income after the rules on parliamentary expenses were tightened. Betts was again re-elected at the 2005 general election , with a decreased vote share of 60.1% and a decreased majority of 15,967. Prior to the 2010 general election , Betts' constituency of Sheffield Attercliffe was abolished, and replaced with Sheffield South East . At the election, Betts was elected to Parliament as MP for Sheffield South East with 48.7% of the vote and a majority of 10,505. Since 10 June 2010, he has been chairman of the Communities and Local Government Committee and, on 19 June 2015, was returned unopposed as its chairman. At the 2015 general election , Betts was re-elected as MP for Sheffield South East with an increased vote share of 51.4% and an increased majority of 12,311. Betts backed remain in the 2016 Brexit referendum . He supported Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour leadership election . At the snap 2017 general election , Betts was again re-elected, with an increased vote share of 58.5% and a decreased majority of 11,798. He was again re-elected at the 2019 general election , with a decreased vote share of 46.1% and a decreased majority of 4,289. Betts was again re-elected at the 2024 general election , with an increased vote share of 52.3% and an increased majority of 12,458. Betts lives in a farmhouse on the Derbyshire border with his partner James Thomas, who is also employed as his parliamentary assistant . He plays cricket , supports Sheffield Wednesday F.C. and, in the past, has played squash and football and used to be a regular Sheffield Marathon runner. In March 2021, Betts became a trustee of the green space charity Fields in Trust . Betts employs his partner as his Senior Parliamentary Assistant on a salary up to \u00a345,000. He was listed in articles in The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian which criticised the practice of MPs employing family members, on the lines that it promotes nepotism . Although MPs who were first elected in 2017 have been banned from employing family members, the restriction is not retrospective \u2013 meaning that Betts' employment of his partner is lawful. ", ["2_833"]] [20835, "Saint Maurus and Saint Placidus Abbey , Waegwan , Chilgok , North Gyeongsang , South Korea is a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien . Established in 1952 by Korean monks who had survived the dissolution of the Territorial Abbey of Tokwon and Holy Cross Abbey in Yanji , the monastery is currently home to 131 monks. Fr Blasio Park is the current abbot . With the rise of Communism in China and North Korea , the monasteries of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien in Tokwon and Yanji were dissolved. A number of the monks \u2014 Germans , Koreans , and Swiss \u2014 were interned in labour camps, where some were executed. Twenty-six surviving Korean monks fled to South Korea . Upon hearing that they had formed a nascent monastic community in Busan , Archabbot Chrysostomus Schmid of St Ottilien ordered Fr Timothy Bitterli, a Swiss Missionary Benedictine who at the time resided at St Paul's Abbey near Newton, New Jersey , to relocate to South Korea in order to assist the community of Korean monks.Bitterli arrived in 1952, and met the Korean monks in Daegu . Soon after, the community purchased property in Waegwan , where a monastery was completed in 1955. By this time, several German and Swiss monks who had been served at St Benedict's Abbey , Tokwon, and Holy Cross Abbey , Yanji , returned to East Asia to continue their missionary apostolate. By 1956, the monastery had been raised to a simple priory under Bitterli's leadership. On February 17, 1964, the monastery became an abbey. At this time, Fr Odo Haas was elected the community's first abbot. During Haas' reign, dependent houses were established in Busan and in Daegu . In 1971, Haas was succeeded by Fr Placidus Ri, who thus became the first ethnically Asian superior of a Missionary Benedictine monastery. Under Abbot Placidus, a new abbey church was constructed in 1975, and the monastery's printing and publishing endeavors were expanded and modernized. Additionally, Abbot Placidus oversaw the expansion of Waegwan Abbey's foundation in Seoul , which was enlarged from a study house for clerics to include a retreat center and a branch for the Waegwan Publishing House. In 1985, monks from Waegwan were sent to the Philippines to assist the fledgling monastic community in Digos . Many of the monks of the Abbey of Waegwan are occupied at a number of dependent monastic foundations . One of these, St Joseph's Monastery, Namyangju, was elevated to a simple priory in 1998. Another, the \"Newton II\" community at St Paul's Abbey , Newton , succeeded the dwindling population of the original monastery, and was elevated to a simple priory in 2004. As of May 18, 2011, 111 solemnly professed monks (46 of them priests ) were members of the monastic community at Waegwan. At this time, the abbey also included 17 temporally professed monks, two novices, one oblate, and ten postulants. Abbot Fr Simon Petro Ri is the current superior of the monastic community. He was elected and confirmed on August 23, 2001, and received the abbatial blessing on September 11, 2001. Abbot Simon is the fourth Abbot of Waegwan. Abbot Simon is assisted in his duties by Fr Polycarp Kim, prior, and Bro Andrea Jeon, subprior. ", ["2_835"]] [20837, "USS Biddle / Claude V. Ricketts (DD-995/DDG-5) , was a Charles F. Adams-class guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy . She was the third US Naval ship named after Nicholas Biddle , one of the first five captains of the Continental Navy . Originally to be designated as DD-955 , the ship was laid down as DDG-5 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden, New Jersey on 18 May 1959, launched on 4 June 1960 and commissioned as USS Biddle on 5 May 1962, at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard . Biddle was renamed to Claude V. Ricketts on 28 July 1964 in honor of Admiral Claude V. Ricketts , who had died on 6 July 1964.Biddle operated in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea as part of the Second Fleet until the end of 1963. Biddle participated in naval activity near Cuba in weeks before the Cuban Missile Crisis . A Navy Expeditionary Medal was awarded for service from 19 August 1962 to 28 September 1962. Biddle made her first deployment to the Mediterranean Sea at the close of 1963 returning to Norfolk in March 1964. From June 1964 to end of 1965 Claude V. Ricketts was part of a mixed-manning experiment for a proposed Multilateral Force (MLF). Its crew consisted of 10 officers and 164 crew from the US Navy with the remainder filled by sailors from West Germany , Italy , Greece , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , and Turkey . Though the MLF never was created, Secretary of the Navy Paul Nitze stated that the project on Claude V. Ricketts was successful. The ship's crest includes the NATO insignia. A Navy Unit Commendation was awarded for the 18-month period. According to Secretary of the Navy Paul Nitze, Admiral Claude V. Ricketts had made great contributions to the concept of mixed manning and a Multilateral Force. Because of this, he thought it appropriate to rename USS Biddle in Ricketts' honor while the ship was conducting a mixed-manning experiment on 28 July 1964. Her visit to Washington, D.C. in October 1964, was memorialized by painter, Gerard Richardson . After the manning experiment, Claude V. Ricketts made deployments to the Mediterranean Sea from 1966 to 1973. She also made a northern European cruise in July 1972. Claude V. Ricketts deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in August 1973 and returned to Norfolk in January 1974. Shortly after her return, the ship entered the Norfolk Naval Shipyard for a ten-month overhaul returning to service in January 1975. She completed refresher training and ship trials in the Caribbean Sea from March to May 1975. In July 1975, Claude V. Ricketts deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. Claude V. Ricketts served as the rescue unit and tied up alongside USS Belknap (CG-26) after her collision with USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) on the night of 22 November 1975. Belknap was ablaze with exploding ammunition from the storage lockers for her two 3-inch guns, but the crew of the Claude V. Ricketts battled the conflagration for 7 hours and limited the damage, evacuating the injured while fragments from exploding ammunition showered down upon her decks. In the end, CG-26 was knocked and melted nearly to her main deck. Seven crew members aboard Belknap and one aboard John F. Kennedy were killed. A Navy Unit Commendation was awarded for service during the time period. Claude V. Ricketts returned to Norfolk in January 1976. On October 4, 1976, Claude V. Ricketts deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. There was also a trip to Kenya to commemorate the 13th anniversary of their independence. Just six weeks after returning to Norfolk, the ship deployed for a six-week operation with the Brazilian Navy . A Navy Expeditionary Medal was awarded for service from 1 October 1976 to 30 September 1977. From September 1977 to October 1978, Claude V. Ricketts was in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for an overhaul. She returned to Norfolk in April 1979 after refresher training and trials. Claude V. Ricketts deployed for seven months to the US Middle East Force and Sixth fleet at the start of September 1979. During the first part of the cruise, the ship made ports of call to Djibouti , Kenya, and Karachi, Pakistan On 4 November 1979, Claude V. Ricketts was making a port visit to Karachi , Pakistan [ citation needed ] when radical students invaded and occupied the US Embassy in Tehran , Iran and took the embassy staff hostage initiating the Iran hostage crisis . Claude V. Ricketts was immediately tasked to proceed to the Persian Gulf area of operations to join with USS La Salle (AGF-3) and remained continuously at sea for more than 10 weeks over the Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years Holidays.Finally after 72 days of being at sea, ended with a two day visit in Sitra, Bahrain Claude V. Ricketts was back in the Mediterranean Sea in February 1980 and returned to Norfolk in April 1980. A Navy Expeditionary Medal was awarded for service relating to the crisis from 21 November 1979 to 2 February 1980. Claude V. Ricketts deployed to Northern Europe in January 1981 and operated with the Standing Naval Force Atlantic . The ship visited 8 countries and 15 different cities and conducted exercises from Gibraltar to Norway , north of the Arctic Circle and west to Halifax, Nova Scotia . She returned to Norfolk in June 1981. A Meritorious Unit Commendation was awarded for service from 7 January 1981 to 24 June 1981. During late 1983 and early 1984, Claude V. Ricketts deployed in support of operations of the coast of Lebanon in the months after the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing . The Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal was awarded for three time periods relating to Lebanon during this deployment. Claude V. Ricketts deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in late 1987 and returned to Norfolk, 29 March 1988. Claude V. Ricketts was decommissioned on 31 October 1989 at Norfolk Naval Station, Norfolk, VA, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1990 and sold for scrap on 15 April 1994, to NR Acquisitions of NYC and towed to Bethlehem Steel's old Fairfield yard in Baltimore, MD for scrapping by Wilmington Resources, Inc. of Wilmington, NC. Sale price $184,550.66. [ citation needed ] The scrap contract was terminated on 1 October 1996, and the Navy repossessed the ship on 18 October, and returned to NISMF Philadelphia and the ship was resold to Metro Machine, Incorporated , of Philadelphia Pennsylvania on 5 December 2001 . Scrapping was completed on 8 November 2002.According to the Navy Unit awards list, Claude V. Ricketts and her crew received the following awards:For other ships named Biddle , see USS Biddle . As of 2015, there have been no other ships named for Claude V. Ricketts.", ["2_837"]] [20838, "Sycamore is an unincorporated community in eastern Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri , United States. It is located on Route 181 , approximately fourteen miles northeast of Gainesville . The old townsite is located on a ridge on the west side of Bryant Creek , a major tributary of the North Fork River . The old Hodgson Mill and spring lie on Bryant Creek 0.8\u00a0mi (1.3\u00a0km) to the northeast. The mill was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as Aid-Hodgson Mill in 2001. The community was founded in 1891 and named for a grove of American sycamore trees near the original town site. The community post office was originally located in Hodgson Mill in 1891. The post office was later moved to the Sycamore store and remained active until 1973. This Ozark County, Missouri state location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_838"]] [20840, "The Utsunomiya Line ( \u5b87\u90fd\u5bae\u7dda , Utsunomiya-sen ) is a 159.9-kilometre (99.4\u00a0mi) railway line in Japan . It runs from Ueno station in Tokyo Prefecture to Utsunomiya Station in Tochigi Prefecture . It runs diagonally from south to north in Saitama Prefecture . It is owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East Japan). The colors of the cars are green and orange. It looks similar to the Takasaki line.\nThe maximum speed of this train is 120 kilometres per hour (75\u00a0mph). It is possible to go to Kuroiso from Ueno in about an hour and a half.The Takasaki line including local trains and rapid trains has about six standard-runs per hour in daytime. Sometimes the trains are crowded with students and company employees in major cities, for example Akabane , Urawa , Saitama-Shintoshin , Omiya , Hasuda , Kuki , Koga , Oyama , Utsunomiya , Nasu-Shiobara , Kuroiso .", ["2_840"]] [20841, "The Whitelaw Reid House is a historic residence near the village of Cedarville in Greene County , Ohio , United States . Built in the early nineteenth century, it was home to a prominent American journalist, and it has been named a historic site . The Reid House is a weatherboarded structure with a tiled roof. The present form of the house makes it an example of the Queen Anne style , although it has been substantially remodeled since its original construction in 1823. More ornate than the exterior is the interior of the house: the main stairway and some of the rooms feature decorative panelling and numerous other handcrafted wooden elements, and various types of wood can be found throughout the house. Due to their location on a small country road, southwest of Cedarville, the house and surrounding farm appear to be little changed from their appearance in the nineteenth century. The house was the birthplace and longtime home of Whitelaw Reid , a nationally known journalist, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom , and Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States under Benjamin Harrison in the 1892 presidential election . During his years of living in the house, Reid greatly modified the house, and as a result it has been deemed a fine example of changing tastes in architectural styles. In 1973, the Reid House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . While it qualified for the Register simply because of its architecture, its importance was largely derived from its close association with Whitelaw Reid. Since 1974, the Reid House is the home of Mike DeWine , who is currently the Ohio Governor , as well as a former Ohio Attorney General and former US Senator. ", ["2_841"]] [20844, "The Winterthur\u2013Etzwilen railway line is a railway line in Switzerland . It links Winterthur in the canton of Zurich with Etzwilen in the canton of Thurgau . The line is 31.81 kilometres (19.77\u00a0mi) long, standard gauge , single track and electrified at 15\u00a0kV \u200a16.7\u00a0Hz AC supplied by overhead line . The line was opened on 17 July 1875 between Winterthur and Etzwilen by the Swiss National Railway (SNB) company. By 1878 the railway company was in bankruptcy, and the line was taken over by the Swiss Northeastern Railway (NOB). Since 1902 the line has been part of the network of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB). The line was electrified between Oberwinterthur and Etzwilen in 1946, the section from Winterthur Hbf to Oberwinterthur having been electrified since 1928.The principal civil engineering structure on the line is the Thurbr\u00fccke Ossingen , a 332 metres (1,089\u00a0ft) long and 42 metres (138\u00a0ft) high five-span truss bridge over the River Thur . A 63 metres (207\u00a0ft) long two-span prestressed concrete bridge carries the line over the A1 motorway , built in 1967.The line is served throughout by hourly passenger trains of Zurich S-Bahn line S29 , which links Winterthur and Stein am Rhein . Additionally, alternate trains of line S11 provide an hourly service to Seuzach from Zurich. ", ["2_844"]] [20846, "The Toyota Raum is 5-seater mini MPV that first appeared in May 1997. The second generation was released in May 2003. It was sold only in Japan at Toyota Netz retail sales channels. The vehicle's name is German for chamber, berth, room, space, expanse, scope, area, or sphere and attempts to emphasize the vast amount of space it contains relative to its size. This is because the front doors on both the driver and passenger sides open conventionally, but the rear doors slide open rearward and attach to the top and bottom of the door openings and interlock to the front doors. The Raum uses a similar door approach also used on the first-generation Mitsubishi RVR/Space Runner .There is no doorjamb between the front and rear doors that the doors attach to on the passenger side, and the passenger front seat folds flat upon itself and then can be folded forward while still being attached to the floor at the front bottom of the seat. The rear seats can be folded flat with a 60:40 split or can also be folded forward individually for a rear flat cargo floor.The automatic transmission gear selector is dashboard mounted, thereby freeing up the flat floor space between the front seats, allowing movement to the back seat from inside the vehicle.The development for the first generation Raum was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. The Raum was equipped with EBD brakes on top level G and E packages, with a later addition to the C package. A minor facelift was released in August 1999.It had a distinctive tall and boxy design, providing ample interior space while maintaining a small footprint suitable for city driving. Its unique styling included large windows, a high roofline , and a rear-mounted spare tire , giving it a practical and modern appearance. In addition, it was equipped with fuel-efficient inline-four cylinder engines, offering decent performance for urban driving conditions. While not very powerful, these engines are well suited to the purpose of the car for city travel and occasional highway driving. A complete body change was released on May 12, 2003, and shared the platform with the Toyota Vitz . Side impact protection was further enhanced. The passenger side rear door can be opened electronically and by remote control key fob. The engine used in the second-generation model is shared with the Toyota Prius .On October 20, 2003, the vehicle won the Japan Good Design Award with a special mention for people with physical disabilities. A new trim level was added in 2004, called the C Package NEO Edition, ( N EW E RA O PENING). The DVD navigational system was upgraded to HDD on December 5, 2006. On January 7, 2009, a in-car cabin air filter was added and HID headlamps.For model year 2007 on Japanese models only, G-BOOK , a subscription telematics service, is offered as an option.Prices for the 2009 model start at \u00a51,596,000 with the top level starting at \u00a51,984,500 .The front passenger seats on a Toyota Raum can be folded forward to allow passengers easier access to back seats, or can be used for rear passengers foot rest. To fold front passenger seat forward, the seat must slide back as far as possible to allow maximum leg room. Then simply lifting up the latch on the side of the seat should allow for the seat to be folded all the way forward.", ["2_846"]] [20850, "Sardegna was the third of three Re Umberto -class ironclad battleships built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy). The ship, named for the island of Sardinia , was laid down in La Spezia in October 1885, launched in September 1890, and completed in February 1895. She was armed with a main battery of four 340\u00a0mm (13.5\u00a0in) guns and had a top speed of 20.3 knots (37.6\u00a0km/h; 23.4\u00a0mph)\u2014albeit at the cost of armor protection\u2014and she was one of the first warships to be equipped with a wireless telegraph . Sardegna spent the first decade of her career in the Active Squadron of the Italian fleet. Thereafter, she was transferred to the Reserve Squadron, and by 1911, she was part of the Training Division. She took part in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911\u20131912, where she escorted convoys to North Africa and supported Italian forces ashore by bombarding Ottoman troops. During World War I , Sardegna served as the flagship of the naval forces defending Venice against a possible attack from the Austro-Hungarian Navy , which did not materialize. After the city became threatened following the Battle of Caporetto in November 1917, the ship was withdrawn to Brindisi and later Taranto , where she continued to serve as a guard ship . She took part in Allied operations in Turkey in 1919\u20131922, and after returning to Italy in 1923, she was broken up for scrap.Sardegna was 130.73 meters (428.9\u00a0ft) long overall ; she had a beam of 23.44\u00a0m (76.9\u00a0ft) and an average draft of 8.84\u00a0m (29.0\u00a0ft). She displaced 13,641 long tons (13,860 t ) normally and up to 15,426 long tons (15,674\u00a0t) at full load . The ship had an inverted bow with a ram below the waterline . She was fitted with a single military mast located amidships , which had fighting tops for some of the light guns. The ship's superstructure included a conning tower forward and a secondary conning tower further aft. She had a crew of 794\u00a0officers and men. Sardegna was one of the first warships equipped with Guglielmo Marconi 's new wireless telegraph . Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of triple-expansion steam engines , each driving a single screw propeller , with steam supplied by eighteen coal-fired, cylindrical fire-tube boilers . The boilers were vented through three funnels , two placed side by side just aft of the conning tower and the third much further aft. She was the first Italian warship to be equipped with triple expansion engines. Her propulsion system produced a top speed of 20.3 knots (37.6\u00a0km/h; 23.4\u00a0mph) at 22,800 indicated horsepower (17,000\u00a0kW). Specific figures for her cruising radius have not survived, but the ships of her class could steam for 4,000 to 6,000 nautical miles (7,400 to 11,100\u00a0km; 4,600 to 6,900\u00a0mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19\u00a0km/h; 12\u00a0mph). Sardegna was armed with a main battery of four 343\u00a0mm (13.5\u00a0in) 30- caliber guns, mounted in two twin- gun turrets , one on either end of the ship. She carried a secondary battery of eight 152\u00a0mm (6\u00a0in) 40-cal. guns placed singly in shielded mounts atop the upper deck, with four on each broadside . Close-range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a battery of sixteen 120\u00a0mm (4.7\u00a0in) guns in casemates in the upper deck, eight on each broadside. These were supported by twenty 57\u00a0mm (2.2\u00a0in) 43-cal. guns and ten 37\u00a0mm (1.5\u00a0in) guns. As was customary for capital ships of the period, she carried five 450\u00a0mm (17.7\u00a0in) torpedo tubes in above-water launchers. The ship was lightly armored for her size. She was protected by belt armor that was 102\u00a0mm (4\u00a0in) thick; the belt was fairly narrow and only covered the central portion of the hull, from the forward to the aft main battery gun. She had an armored deck that was 76\u00a0mm (3\u00a0in) thick, and her conning tower was armored with 300\u00a0mm (11.8\u00a0in) of steel plate. The turrets had 102\u00a0mm thick faces and the supporting barbettes had 349\u00a0mm (13.75\u00a0in) thick steel. Sardegna was named after the island of Sardinia . She was built by the Arsenale di La Spezia in La Spezia , with her keel being laid down on 24 October 1885. She was launched on 20 September 1890, and completed on 16 February 1895. After entering service, Sardegna was assigned to the 2nd Division of the Reserve Squadron as its flagship , along with the older ironclad Ruggiero di Lauria and the torpedo cruiser Aretusa . At the time, the ships of the Reserve Squadron were based in La Spezia. Sardegna joined the ironclads Re Umberto , Ruggiero di Lauria , and Andrea Doria and the cruisers Stromboli , Etruria , and Partenope for a visit to Spithead in the United Kingdom in July 1895. Later that year, the squadron stopped in Germany for the celebration held to mark the opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal . While there, Sardegna accidentally ran aground in front of the canal, blocking the entrance for several days. For 1903, the Active Squadron was on active service for seven months, with the rest of the year spent with reduced crews. In 1904\u20131905, Sardegna and her sisters were in service with the Active Squadron, which was kept in service for nine months of the year, with three months in reduced commission. The following year, the ships were transferred to the Reserve Squadron, along with the three Ruggiero di Lauria -class ironclads and the ironclad Enrico Dandolo , three cruisers, and sixteen torpedo boats. This squadron only entered active service for two months of the year for training maneuvers, and the rest of the year was spent with reduced crews. Sardegna was still in the Reserve Squadron in 1908, along with her two sisters and the two Ammiraglio di Saint Bon -class battleships . By this time, the Reserve Squadron was kept in service for seven months of the year. On 29 September 1911, Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in order to seize Libya . At the time, Sardegna and her two sisters were assigned to the Training Division, along with the old armored cruiser Carlo Alberto , under the command of Rear Admiral Raffaele Borea Ricci D'Olmo . On 3\u20134 October, Sardegna and her sisters were tasked with bombarding Fort Sultanje , which was protecting the western approach to Tripoli . The ships used their 6-inch guns to attack the fort to preserve their stock of 13.5-inch shells. By the morning of the 4th, the ships' gunfire had silenced the guns in the fort, allowing landing forces to go ashore and capture the city. The ships of the Training Division thereafter alternated between Tripoli and Khoms to support the Italian garrisons in the two cities; this included repulsing a major Ottoman attack on Tripoli over 23\u201326 October, where Sardegna and Sicilia supported the Italian left flank against concerted Ottoman assaults. During this engagement, Sardegna used a spotter aircraft to help direct the fire of her guns, the first time aircraft had been used in that role. By December, the three ships were stationed in Tripoli, where they were replaced by the old ironclads Italia and Lepanto . Sardenga and her sisters arrived back in La Spezia, where they had their ammunition and supplies replenished. In May 1912, the Training Division patrolled the coast, but saw no action. The following month, Sardegna and her sisters, along with six torpedo boats, escorted a convoy carrying an infantry brigade to Buscheifa , one of the last ports in Libya still under Ottoman control. The Italian force arrived off the town on 14 June and made a landing; after taking the city, the Italian forces then moved on to Misrata . Sardegna and the rest of the ships continued supporting the advance until the Italians had secured the city on 20 July. The Training Division then returned to Italy, where they joined the escort for another convoy on 3 August, this time to Zuara , the last port in Ottoman hands. The ships covered the landing two miles east of Zuara two days later, which was joined by supporting attacks from the west and south. With the capture of the city, Italy now controlled the entire Libyan coast. On 14 October the Ottomans agreed to sign a peace treaty to end the war. Italy had declared neutrality at the start of World War I, but by July 1915, the Triple Entente had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the Central Powers . Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel , the Italian naval chief of staff, believed that the threat from Austro-Hungarian submarines and naval mines in the narrow waters of the Adriatic was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way. Instead, Revel decided to implement a blockade at the relatively safer southern end of the Adriatic with the main fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the MAS boats , conducted raids on Austro-Hungarian ships and installations. For their part, the Austro-Hungarians adopted a similar strategy, as they too were unwilling to risk the heavy units of their fleet. She was the flagship for the Northern Adriatic Naval Forces after Italy entered the war. The Northern Adriatic Naval Forces also included the two old Ammiraglio di Saint Bon -class battleships, two cruisers, and several smaller craft. The ships were tasked with defending Venice from Austro-Hungarian attacks; this service lasted until 15 November 1917. Since neither the Italians or Austro-Hungarians were willing to risk the main units of their fleets, Sardegna had an uneventful career during the war. The ship was thereafter transferred to Brindisi for use as a harbor defense ship. The reason for her withdrawal was the major Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto ; the German and Austro-Hungarian advance threatened to continue to Venice. Here, all of her secondary and light guns were removed, leaving her with only her main battery guns. She was equipped with a small battery of anti-aircraft guns , consisting of four 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm) /40 guns and two machine guns . On 10 June 1918, Sardegna was moved to Taranto , where she continued serving as a guard ship. She took part in Allied operations in Constantinople after the end of the war, from 7 November 1919 to 5 April 1922. The ship did not remain in service long after returning to Italy. She was stricken on 4 January 1923 and subsequently broken up for scrap. ", ["2_850"]] [20853, "Perfect Records was a United States \u2013based record label , founded in 1922 by Path\u00e9 Records to produce cheap 78 rpm discs . From the start, Perfect Records sold well. The Path\u00e9 and Perfect labels were part of the merger that created the American Record Corporation (ARC) in July 1929. After the merger, ARC weeded out some of their poorer-selling labels (Path\u00e9, for example), and Perfect continued to be a successful label through the 1930s until ARC dropped their entire group of cheaper labels in late 1938. The label was revived in 1993 by Dean Blackwood and issued recordings pressed on 78 r.p.m. vinyl by Sun City Girls , Charlie Feathers , Junior Kimbrough , The Balfa Brothers , and John Fahey . ", ["2_853"]] [20854, "Fountains Fell is a mountain in the Yorkshire Dales , England . The main summit ( SD864716 ) has a height of 668 metres (2,192\u00a0ft) and a relative height or topographic prominence of 243 metres (797\u00a0ft) and thus qualifies as a Marilyn . Its subsidiary, Fountains Fell South Top ( SD868708 ) reaches 662 metres (2,172\u00a0ft) and qualifies as a Nuttall . A third summit, further south at SD868697 , reaches 610 metres (2,001\u00a0ft) and is the most southerly 2,000\u00a0ft summit in the Pennines . The eastern slopes of the fell form part of the National Trust 's Malham Tarn and Moor estate. The name Fountains derives from ownership of the land in the 13th century by the Cistercian monks of Fountains Abbey (25 miles (40\u00a0km) to the east, near Ripon ), who used it for sheep grazing. Coal was mined on the summit from 1790 to 1860, and was used for lead smelting in the area. There are various pits and shafts on and near the summit, and the remains of a coke oven building. The Pennine Way crosses Fountains Fell about a third of a mile north of the summit. For the northbound walker this is 85 miles (137\u00a0km) from the start of the way at Edale , and is the first point where the way climbs higher than Kinder Scout 's 636 metres (2,087\u00a0ft) which was reached soon after the start. It is 8 miles (13\u00a0km) along the Pennine Way from Malham village to the summit of Fountains Fell, the route climbing up beside the dramatic cliffs of Malham Cove and passing Malham Tarn before climbing up the east side of the fell. The route continues down the western slopes of the fell and ascends the southern ridge of Pen-y-ghent , reached after 3.5 miles (6\u00a0km): this summit of 694 metres (2,277\u00a0ft) then supplants Fountains Fell as the highest point yet reached on the Pennine Way. There are several caves of interest to cavers on Fountains Fell, including Antler Hole, Dalehead Pot, Echo Hole , Fornagh Gill, Gingling Pot, Hammer Pot and Magnetometer Pot . Media related to Fountains Fell, North Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_854"]] [20855, "Ludborough is a heritage railway station in Ludborough , Lincolnshire , England, which is the base of the Lincolnshire Wolds Railway . The station, which was previously part of the East Lincolnshire Railway , closed in 1961 to passengers and 1964 to freight, but was taken over by the preservation society in 1984. The first trains from the station to North Thoresby , to the north, ran in August 2009, the first for 47 years. There are proposals to extend the line further in both directions towards Holton-le-Clay and Louth . The station was opened on 28 March 1848 and was originally named Ludborough for Fulstow although the for Fulstow was later dropped. Although its name is taken from the Lincolnshire village of Ludborough , the station is in fact situated halfway between that village and Fulstow . It was constructed by contractor John Waring and Sons of Rotherham who, in December 1846, had agreed to construct the line between Grimsby Town and Louth for the sum of \u00a346,102 (equivalent to \u00a35,640,000 in 2023 ). The architects of the station buildings were John Grey Weightman and Matthew Ellison Hadfield of Sheffield. Ludborough, some 5 miles (8\u00a0km) from Louth , was provided with staggered platforms either side of a level crossing ; the up platform to the south of the crossing and the up to the north. A third lower platform was later added in connection with the rail motor service introduced from 1905. Situated opposite the up platform, the rail motor platform is adjacent to a brick stationmaster's house which also comprised the booking office and passenger waiting room. The architectural style of the house and the station layout is similar to the stations at North Thoresby , Holton-le-Clay and Waltham . A signal box on the up platform which contained a 20 lever frame controlled the crossing gates as well as access to the small goods yard with two sidings on the opposite side. Ludborough had the most comprehensive goods facilities on the line between Louth and Grimsby, having cattle pens and a large brick goods shed ; one siding ran into a loading dock behind the down platform. The design of the shed is based on the warehouse built by the Louth Navigation at Austen Fen . The station closed to passengers on 11 September 1961, the same day as Fotherby Halt and Utterby Halt to the south and Holton-le-Clay and Waltham to the north. This made North Thoresby the only intermediate station open between Louth and Grimsby . It closed completely on 25 May 1964 when goods facilities were withdrawn. After the closure of the line to passengers in 1970, the down line was removed between Louth and Hainton Street leaving only the up line through Ludborough to remain open until December 1980. In 1978, the Grimsby-Louth Rail Group was formed with the aim of reintroducing a service between Grimsby and Louth. They were unsuccessful in saving the line intact. After BR ripped up the track and destroyed all the buildings the group decided to rename themselves the Grimsby-Louth Railway preservation society. The society focussed their efforts into restoring the two sole remaining signalboxes on the line: Hainton street in Grimsby and Louth North. Both these boxes were left behind by BR as they had gate wheels in them which made it easier to operate the crossing gates for the last few years. Both the boxes suffered severe vandalism. In 1984, the Society took a lease from British Rail of Ludborough station site which became its base. A new company was formed with the intention of buying the remains of the track bed as BR would not sell to a society at that time. The new company was called the Great Northern and East Lincolnshire railway company plc. On 28 September 1991, the company Great Northern and East Lincolnshire Railway co plc obtained a Light Railway Order authorising the reinstatement of the East Lincolnshire Railway between Waltham and the former Keddington Road level crossing near Louth, which would include the line through Ludborough. The signal box at Hainton street was destroyed by fire in the early 1990s. The frame and the gate wheel were removed and placed into storage at Ludborough ready for re-use. The frame is now in use as Ludborough's frame. The wheel is also in Ludborough box but will never be used in this location. Louth North was restored by the society but suffered continual vandalism. The box is a grade II listed structure and has been converted into a house but still retains its signal box look.With the order in place, this allowed the company to acquire track, locos and rolling stock with the society supporting the company as much as it can. The company (now trading as the Lincolnshire Wolds Railway) have had to rebuild all of the station's facilities, including a replica Great Northern signal box in its original position, a two-road locomotive shed and a passenger waiting room which houses a museum and shop. In 1997 the level crossing was relaid and allowed access over the road for the railway to bring rolling stock that had been stored on the north side of the crossing. Between 2001 and 2004, the north (down) platform was developed with a toilet block, garden and running in board . By this point, the track extended north for a distance of \u00be of a mile. A major step for the LWR came in 2004 when HMRI approved the signalling for use. This then enabled the railway to run trains in the dark for the first time at Hallow'een. Tracklaying reached North Thoresby in 2008 and the first train for 47 years between the two stations ran on 26 August 2009. The Lincolnshire Wolds Railway plans to extend the line in both directions to Louth via Utterby and Fotherby and via Grainsby to the former Holton-le-Clay station, recreating 8 miles between Holton Le Clay and Louth. The trackbed through to Waltham has been built over at Waltham and Holton Village halt and thus making it impossible to rebuild the railway to Waltham. The stationmaster's house has survived and is available as a holiday let. The goods shed also remains, but is in private ownership. ", ["2_855"]] [20857, "The Sacred Heart Cathedral (formally the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , sometimes also known as the Polish Church ) is a religious building belonging to the Roman Catholic Church, located atthe street Sadiq Asimov, Tashkent , the capital of Uzbekistan . It is a relatively new structure that was built in the early twentieth century. It is decorated with stained glass windows, small towers on the roof and an arched doorway. It has a living room and a library, named in honor of Pope John Paul II . 41\u00b018\u203220\u2033N 69\u00b017\u203245\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 41.3056\u00b0N 69.2958\u00b0E \ufeff / 41.3056; 69.2958", ["2_857"]] [20859, "USS Aggressor (AMc-64) was an Accentor -class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing. Aggressor was laid down at Greenport , Long Island, New York , on 15 April 1941 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company as Alliance (AMc-64); renamed Aggressor on 23 May 1941; launched on 19 July 1941; sponsored by Mrs. Arthur M. Van De Water; and placed in service at the New York Navy Yard on 24 October 1941.The coastal minesweeper completed fitting out at Brooklyn, New York , and, at the end of the first week in November, moved south to Norfolk, Virginia . For the next 31 months, Aggressor served with the minesweeping and patrol forces attached to the 5th Naval District .Near the middle of May 1944, she was reassigned to the 1st Naval District and operated from the naval frontier base located at Portland, Maine . In June 1945, Aggressor returned south to Norfolk but remained there only until late July at which time she moved farther south to Charleston, South Carolina . Aggressor remained at that port until placed out of service on 28 December 1945.Aggressor\u2019s name was struck from the Navy list on 21 January 1946, and she was sold on 3 March 1947 to Mr. Lloyd Lambert, of Baltimore, Maryland , for scrapping.This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . The entry can be found here .", ["2_859"]] [20862, "Tullibody Old Kirk is a ruined 12th-century church in Tullibody , Clackmannanshire , Scotland . It was rebuilt in the 16th century, and restored again in 1760. The roofless building is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . In 1904, St Serf's Parish Church was built to the north of the Old Kirk, which was afterwards disused. The church measures 19 by 6.7 metres (62 by 22\u00a0ft). The bellcote on the western gable dates from 1772, while the western windows and the south porch are 19th-century additions. Two doorways survive from the 16th century, including one dated 1539.Significant monuments include that of George Abercromby (d.1699), and the Haig memorial on the north wall. The surrounding burial ground is a Category B listed building. During the Scottish Reformation , William Kirkcaldy destroyed the bridge at Tullibody in an attempt to prevent French troops from retreating to the Siege of Leith at the end of January 1560. However, the French removed the roof of Tullibody Kirk and used it to bridge the Devon . ", ["2_862"]] [20863, "The Ware Center is a performing arts center located in Lancaster , Pennsylvania . First opened in 2008, it has been a satellite campus of Millersville University since 2010. Along with the Winter Center , The Ware Center is a venue for Millersville University\u2019s Department of Visual & Performing Arts. Originally designed by architect Philip Johnson and noted acoustician Cyril M. Harris , the $32 million building opened in 2008 as the home of the now defunct Pennsylvania Academy of Music . The building became available due to the bankruptcy of the PA Academy of Music at the same time Millersville University was planning an extensive renovation of its main campus arts center. Millersville University began leasing the building in June 2010, shortly after the PA Academy of Music left the building. The Pennsylvania Department of General Services then bought the building from Union Community Bank on Millersville's behalf for $10.9 million in March 2011. $14.5 million was originally allocated by the state of Pennsylvania for purchasing the 63,000-square-foot building on Millersville's behalf, as well as equipping, furnishing and renovating it. At that point, the building was known as \u201cMillersville University-Lancaster\u201d, as it wasn\u2019t until September 12, 2011 that it was renamed \u201cThe Ware Center\u201d in honor of philanthropists Paul W. and Judy S. Ware at a dedication ceremony in the building\u2019s main theater, Steinman Hall. In 2012, The Ware Center underwent a $2.4 million renovation to better adapt it to Millersville University's needs; among the renovations was the creation of larger classroom space and lighting and acoustic improvements to Steinman Hall. The building plays host to various musical, theatrical, dance, poetry, lecture, and other artistic events throughout the year, including on Lancaster city\u2019s First Fridays. It is also rented out as a private event venue and banquet hall for meetings, conferences, and weddings. Lancaster\u2019s local newspaper LNP has referred to The Ware Center as \u201cthe busiest exhibit, performance, classroom and event space in Lancaster County\u201d. The Ware Center features several state-of-the-art venues for live theater and concerts, as well as conferences, meetings, and art exhibits. Since 2010, The Ware Center has been used as a Lancaster City campus of Millersville University . With over 20 classrooms, The Ware Center hosts classes for nearly 1,000 Millersville University students during Fall and Spring semesters. Due to its close proximity to Gallery Row in downtown Lancaster , The Ware Center has taken a lead in promoting arts within the city. The Community Arts Advisory Council gathers together business leaders and benefactors of the arts to promote events and seek community partnerships. The Arts Smarts summer camp provides children with the opportunity to explore building through visual and performing arts. The Regitz Art Gallery features a local artist exhibition the first Friday evening of the month during Lancaster's First Friday event. In 2014, The Ware Center received the Building the Community Award from Central Penn Business Journal . ", ["2_863"]] [20864, "The Harold Lloyd Estate , also known as Greenacres , is a large mansion and landscaped estate located in the Benedict Canyon section of Beverly Hills, California . Built in the late 1920s by silent film star Harold Lloyd , it remained Lloyd's home until his death in 1971. The estate originally consisted of a 44-room mansion, golf course, outbuildings, and 900-foot (270\u00a0m) canoe run on 15 acres (61,000\u00a0m 2 ). Greenacres has been called \"the most impressive movie star's estate ever created.\" After Lloyd died, the acreage in the lower part of the estate along Benedict Canyon was subdivided into approximately 15 large home lots. The mansion, on top of its own hill, retained approximately 5 original acres of flat land. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.In May 1923, Lloyd purchased land located at the mouth of Benedict Canyon in Beverly Hills from P.E. Benedict. The property had been owned by the Benedict family for more than 60 years. Lloyd paid $100,000 for the property. The site was close to the spot where Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks had built their famed Pickfair estate. In August 1925, Lloyd announced plans to build a $1 million estate on the 15-acre site, including a three-story French-Italian Renaissance home, a nine-acre golf course, a 50' x 150' swimming pool (the largest in southern California), an open-air theater, dance pavilion, tennis courts, and bridle path. Walter Weber and Sumner Spaulding (Weber, Staunton and Spalding) was hired as the architect. Lloyd also hired landscape engineer A.E. Hanson to execute plans for the \"largest initial private landscaping project ever attempted\" in the Los Angeles area. The plans included extensive gardens, a children's playground, and a stream fed by a well with water pumped to the top of a hill and then cascading through the property and creating water hazards in the golf course. Final plans for the house were published in the Los Angeles Times in July 1927. The home was described as French-Italian Renaissance design with interiors inspired by the Villa Palmieri near Florence . Construction of the mansion began in July 1927 and was completed in 1928.The 44-room, 45,000-square-foot (4,200\u00a0m 2 ) house and estate was said to have cost $2\u00a0million. A.E. Hanson , Lloyd's landscape architect, transformed the 15-acre (61,000\u00a0m 2 ) site with the Villa Lante and Villa Medici as inspiration in Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Revival style motifs. The Los Angeles Times published a full-page illustrated article describing it as a \"gorgeous fairyland playground\" and a \"Modern Eden of groves and gardens.\" The elaborate design of the grounds' landscape and gardens included the following elements:The landscaping project was so large that 3,500 tons of sandstone were taken from quarries in Chatsworth and trucked to the site for use in building the steps, terraces, and waterfalls. An unusual feature was the separate fairyland estate that Lloyd and A.E. Hanson designed for Lloyd's four-year-old daughter, Mildred Gloria. The play village had its own private gate with a sign reading, \"Come into my garden and play.\" The fairyland estate included a four-room miniature old English house, a miniature old English stable with a pony and cart, Great Dane dogs, a wishing well with water for the daughter's garden, a slide, acrobatic devices and a swing. The miniature house had electricity and a kitchen and bath with running water, where the Lloyds' daughter played with friends, including Shirley Temple .Lloyd named his estate Greenacres, and it became a gathering place for the Lloyds' family and friends. Sundays were known as \"at home\" day at Greenacres:The 'at home' day at Greenacres was Sunday when 30 or 40 friends would gather in the afternoon, amuse themselves with golf, tennis or handball, swimming, or with leisurely strolls through the gardens. A buffet would be set in the formal dining room and in the evening Lloyd would show a movie. Then he would wave everyone goodnight. In 1937, Mrs. Lloyd hosted a bridal shower at the estate for Jeanette MacDonald attended by Hollywood's elite, including Ginger Rogers , Mary Pickford , Irene Dunne , Fay Wray , Norma Shearer , Dolores del R\u00edo , Loretta Young , Mervyn LeRoy , Ernst Lubitsch , Hal Roach , and Darryl Zanuck . Greenacres was built in the 1920s in Beverly Hills, one of Los Angeles's all-white planned communities. The area had restrictive covenants prohibiting non-whites (this also included Jews ) from living there unless they were in the employment of a white resident (typically as a domestic servant). :\u200a57 Several published accounts have described Lloyd as a leader or participant in neighborhood organizations around his estate that wanted to enforce restrictive covenants in the area. With the demise of his movie career and loss of income, Lloyd had difficulty maintaining the estate. In 1943, he petitioned the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to reduce his property taxes because, although he and his family wanted to continue living there, he said the taxes were \"eating them out of house and home.\" The Board agreed to reduce the valuation of the improvements to $100,000. Lloyd was forced to reduce the estate's staff, and parts of the estate began to deteriorate from neglect. In August 1943, an explosion and fire at the home destroyed original negatives of his silent film comedies. Lloyd valued the damage to the films at $2 million. Lloyd rushed to the film vault on hearing the explosion and was rescued by his wife, Mildred Davis Lloyd, who caught him as he collapsed in a doorway to the vault and dragged him to safety. Seven firefighters and the estate's head gardener were hospitalized after being overcome by fumes from the burning films and chlorine gas from the pool's water treatment plant. The fire also damaged Lloyd's gymnasium and four-wall handball court. In his later years, Lloyd lived a private life on his estate. He would start each day with a jog around the grounds, followed by a swim in the pool. He also developed an \"addiction to stereo that shook the mansion at 3 am with the force of 10 speakers in unison\"; the decibel levels caused the gold leaf to fall from the ornate living room ceiling. Lloyd lived at the estate until he died of cancer in 1971, aged 77. A long-time member of staff noted that he had a superstitious fear of being driven around the Italian fountain in the estate's front court, always making his chauffeur back up rather than circle the fountain. However, \"the only time he ever went around that fountain was the night he died.\" Lloyd left his Benedict Canyon estate to the \"benefit of the public at large\" with instructions that it be used \"as an educational facility and museum for research into the history of the motion picture in the United States.\" For a few years the home was open to public tours, but financial and legal obstacles prevented the estate from creating the motion picture museum that Lloyd had intended. Among other things, neighboring homeowners in the wealthy community were opposed to the creation of a museum hosting parties and attracting busloads of tourists. In October 1972, the Los Angeles Times visited the property and noted that it had \"the feel of Sunset Boulevard ,\" bringing to mind the line spoken by the young writer when he first visits Norma Desmond's home: \"It was the kind of place that crazy movie people built in the crazy 20s.\" The house appeared to visitors in the 1970s to be frozen in time at 1929. One writer noted that nothing had been moved or replaced, changed, or modernized, from the books in the library to the appliances in the kitchen and the fixtures in the bathrooms. Columnist Jack Smith visited the estate in 1973 and wrote that \"time stood still\", as Lloyd's clothes still hung in his closet, and the master bedroom and living room \"looked like a set for a movie of the 1930s.\" A Renaissance tapestry presented to Lloyd as a housewarming gift by Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks was still hanging in the hallway. The house also had Lloyd's permanent Christmas tree loaded with ornaments at the end of a long sitting room. Jack Smith described the tree as follows:[A]t the end of the room, dominating it like some great Athena in a Greek temple, stood the most fantastic Christmas tree I had ever seen. It reached the ceiling, a great, bulbous mass of colored glass baubles, some of them as big as pumpkins, clustered together like gaudy jewels in some monstrous piece of costume jewelry. Unable to establish a museum, the estate was sold at auction in 1975. The entire property, including grounds and furnishings, was purchased by a retired Iranian businessman, Nasrollah Afshani, for $1.6 million. Afshani subdivided the estate into approximately 15 lots in addition to the mansion, with individual lots selling for as much as $1.2 million. The mansion was preserved on a smaller 5-acre (20,000\u00a0m 2 ) parcel and sold for $3 million in 1979 to Bernard C. Solomon, the president of Everest Record Group. In 1986, Ted Field , heir to the Marshall Field department store chain and head of Interscope Films, bought the property for $6.5 million and lived there with his wife and their three children. The Fields extensively updated and renovated the entire home and grounds and added a pool back to the site. (The original pool located down closer to Benedict Canyon had been lost in the 1975 subdividing of the property.) Restoring everything except the original theater-size forty-rank pipe organ (which remains today behind the walls of the 80-foot (24\u00a0m) living room), the Field family replaced all the electrical wiring and plumbing and modernized the kitchens and bathrooms before moving into the estate. An 80-year-old carousel with hand-carved horses was added to the children's play yard. In 1993, billionaire Ron Burkle bought the home for $20 million \u2013 $19 million less than the $39 million asking price (which had included a valuable art collection of old masters ' paintings in the original asking price) but still among the highest prices paid for a home in the United States in the previous three years. As of May 1997, the estate was being occupied by film actress Barbara Rush .In 2001, the mansion was estimated to be worth $50\u201360 million. The main house and the estate's principal gardens are frequently used for civic fundraising events and as a filming location, appearing in films such as Commando and Westworld . California Historical Landmark Marker No. 961 designation for the site states: ", ["2_864"]] [20867, "Rodney Deane Davies CBE FRS (8 January 1930 \u2013 8 November 2015) was a Professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Manchester . He was the President of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1987\u20131989, and the Director of Jodrell Bank Observatory in 1988\u201397. He is best known for his research on the Cosmic microwave background and the 21cm line . Davies was born on 8 January 1930 into a family of farmers in Balaklava , a village north of Adelaide , South Australia. His parents were Holbin and Rena Davies. He had three brothers. He met Beth, his wife, at the Student Christian Movement at the University of Adelaide. They married in 1953, and later that same year they moved to Cheshire , United Kingdom . They had four children: Rosalyn, Claire, Stewart and Warwick (who predeceased him), and eleven grandchildren: Luke, Josh (m. Cat), Dom, Hannah, Nyasha, Laura, Eleanor, Hettie, Annie, Leo, and Jemima. He became a Methodist preacher at the age of 16 at his church in South Australia, and regularly attended his Methodist chapel in Manchester. He also had an extensive knowledge of trees . He suffered from cancer , but carried on working regardless. His health declined in the last two months of his life, and he died on 8 November 2015. He went to Adelaide High School . In 1946 he was awarded a scholarship to study Physics at the University of Adelaide , receiving an Honours degree in 1951. He then became a Research Officer in the Radiophysics Division of CSIRO in Sydney, observing radio bursts from the Sun. When he was 23 he sent an airmail letter to Bernard Lovell , a friend of his then-boss Joe Pawsey , asking for a position at Jodrell Bank Observatory , and he was subsequently appointed Assistant Lecturer at the University of Manchester in 1953. He was awarded a PhD in 1956 on his work measuring the distance of galaxies using the 21cm line , examined by Jan Oort . He was the Director of Jodrell Bank Observatory from 1988 until 1997. He was the President of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1987\u201389. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1992. He received a CBE in 1995. He retired in 1997, but he continued to actively work at Jodrell Bank until his death. Over the course of his career, he published over 500 scientific papers. His research focused on the large-scale structure of the Universe. He studied emission from the Hydrogen line in galaxies, providing insight into the Hubble flow . He observed OH emission using interferometers. He was best known for his work measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background emission, providing upper limits on the CMB anisotropies, which began with observations on cold winter nights at Jodrell Bank Observatory in the late 1970s, before relocating his telescopes 2,400 metres (7,900\u00a0ft) up the mountain on Tenerife in the early 1980s to take advantage of the clearer atmosphere at that location. By the early 1990s his instruments had detected the anisotropies of the CMB, however the publication of his results came after the results of the Cosmic Background Explorer had been announced; the COBE team went on to win the Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery. He also led research on the emission of the Milky Way as measured by CMB experiments. He worked on the Planck satellite , co-coordinating the Planck projects on Galactic and Solar System science. He continued his research over 18 years after his retirement, with his final paper due to be published several months after his death. ", ["2_867"]] [20868, "Madonna Buder , S.F.C.C. (born Marie Dorothy Buder ; July 24, 1930), also known as the Iron Nun , is a Roman Catholic religious sister and Senior Olympian triathlete . Buder has the current world record for the oldest woman to ever finish an Ironman Triathlon , which she obtained at age 82 by finishing the Subaru Ironman Canada on August 26, 2012. ", ["2_868"]] [20869, "The enzyme diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase (EC 3.1.8.2) catalyzes the reaction This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on ester bonds phosphoric-triester hydrolases. The systematic name is diisopropyl-fluorophosphate fluorohydrolase . Other names in common use include DFPase , tabunase , somanase , organophosphorus acid anhydrolase , organophosphate acid anhydrase , OPA anhydrase , diisopropylphosphofluoridase , dialkylfluorophosphatase , diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate hydrolase , isopropylphosphorofluoridase , and diisopropylfluorophosphonate dehalogenase . It employs one cofactor , divalent cation . At least one compound, chelating agent is known to inhibit this enzyme .As of late 2007, 16 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1E1A , 1PJX , 2GVU , 2GVV , 2GVW , 2GVX , 2IAO , 2IAP , 2IAQ , 2IAR , 2IAS , 2IAT , 2IAU , 2IAV , 2IAW , and 2IAX .This EC 3.1 enzyme -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_869"]] [20870, "Hospitalfield House is an arts centre and historic house in Arbroath , Angus , Scotland, regarded as \"one of the finest country houses in Scotland\". It is believed to be \"Scotland's first school of fine art\" and the first art college in Britain. It is a registered charity under Scottish law. A range of prominent Scottish artists have worked there, including Joan Eardley , Peter Howson , Will Maclean , Robert Colquhoun , Robert MacBryde , William Gear , Alasdair Gray , Wendy McMurdo , and Callum Innes . A hospital was founded on the site in the 13th century by monks from nearby Arbroath Abbey as a leprosy and plague hospice called the Hospital of St John the Baptist . The property was purchased by the Reverend James Fraser around 1664 and was subsequently owned by successive generations of the Fraser family. Walter Scott visited the house in 1813, and he used it as the model for \"Monkbarns\" in his novel The Antiquary (1816). The last Fraser to own the property was the wealthy heiress Elizabeth Fraser (1805\u20131873). In 1843, she married Scottish artist Patrick Allan, who later added the Fraser surname to his and became known as Patrick Allan-Fraser . The son of an Arbroath weaving merchant, he had studied art in Edinburgh and became a painter. In 1842, he had been commissioned to do a series of illustrations for an edition of Scott's The Antiquary . While carrying out this work, he had visited Hospitalfield House that year and met Elizabeth Fraser, who was a widow eight years his senior, and they were married the following year.Together, they embarked on substantial remodelling of Hospitalfield House. The renovations used mainly local craftsmen and converted an 18th-century barn into a gallery, added a five-storey bartizan and a large wing. He had a keen interest in the arts and set up the Patrick Allan-Fraser of Hospitalfield Trust to support young artists. Hospitalfield House was bequeathed \"for the promotion of Education in the Arts\" upon the death of Allan-Fraser in 1890, there being no heirs to his estate. The building is now a residential art centre, music and conference venue. It is open to the public for four open weekends per year and for other events, including afternoon tours on the first Wednesday of each month. In 2008, it was used as a film location for the docu-drama \"Children of the Dead End\", starring Stephen Rea . In 2015, Hospitalfield curated and organised Graham Fagen 's exhibition for Scotland + Venice, a collateral event of the 56th International Art Exhibition \u2013 La Biennale di Venezia .The red sandstone building is in the Gothic style and draws on medieval domestic architecture. Allan-Fraser was heavily indebted to the Arts and Crafts movement ; this is evident in the design of the building, which features crenellated parapets , crow-stepped gables and oriel windows . In 1901, a new studio block was added with north-west facing windows. A smaller room contains a skylight, and there are yards for outdoor sculpture. Allan-Fraser wanted to create an inspiring space for young artists, and the interior displays a large collection of Victorian sculpture, paintings, and wood-carvings which are of \"international importance\". The interior design features include Romanesque dado arcading and a hammerbeam roof . The main public rooms in the house are the dining room, picture gallery and adjoining cedar room and anteroom . Two 17th-century tapestries were obtained in the 1870s for the first floor drawing room to reflect a passage in The Antiquary . Chandeliers inside the house were obtained from the Guildhall in Birmingham. The gallery contains armorial references to the Fraser family, who owned the estate from 1664, and the Parrott family of Hawkesbury Hall, who joined the Fraser estate in the 19th century. Allan-Fraser commissioned self-portraits from members of The Clique , an art group he had known as a young man. These included John Phillip , Augustus Egg , William Powell Frith , Henry O'Neil , and Edward Matthew Ward . The Trial of Effie Deans (1840) by Robert Scott Lauder hangs on the main landing. A painting of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon by James Peter Quinn hung in Hospitalfield's gallery during the Second World War. The library contains books dating from 16th to 19th centuries. ", ["2_870"]] [20871, "L\u00e9on Kengo wa Dondo (born Leon Lubicz , 22 May 1935) is a Congolese politician. He served as the \"first state commissioner\" (prime minister) several times under Mobutu Sese Seko in Za\u00efre . Since 2007, he has been President of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . ", ["2_871"]] [20872, "Sabugal ( European Portuguese pronunciation: [s\u0250\u03b2u\u02c8\u0263al] \u24d8 ) is a city and a municipality in the District of Guarda , Portugal . A border municipality with Spain , the population of the municipality in 2011 was 12,544, in an area of 822.70\u00a0km 2 . The city proper, located along the C\u00f4a river , has a population of about 3,000 inhabitants. There is a castle in the city of Sabugal proper as well as other castles outside the urban centre in a number of places around the entire municipality of Sabugal. Those are the castles of Sortelha , Alfaiates , Vilar Maior and Vila do Touro . The municipal holiday is the Monday after Octave of Easter . It is also place for the Sabugal Dam built in 2000 and the river beach of Devesa , both located in the C\u00f4a river. At an elevation of roughly 750\u00a0m (2460\u00a0ft) above sea level, Sabugal is among the highest cities in Portugal. It is famed for its Gothic castle with a pentagonal outer wall and an inner wall with five square towers overlooking the C\u00f4a river . Besides its ancient castle, Sabugal was the location of the 1811 Battle of Sabugal , a Peninsular War engagement of British troops under Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) and French troops under the command of Marshal Andr\u00e9 Mass\u00e9na , from which the British and their Portuguese allies emerged victorious. Sabugal has a Jewish heritage since at least the 16th century. In memory of the presence of Jewish communities in Sabugal, there is today an interpretation centre of the Jewish heritage, next to the castle.The economy of Sabugal includes agriculture ; animal husbandry ; freshwater aquaculture (i.e. trout fish farming); forestry ; mining ; building materials industry (including plaster industry); and food industry (including dairy industry , chestnut processing, honey production and bread making ). Sabugal has made cheeses for centuries and nowadays it still is a cheese making center with both modern industrial and traditional hand made production of several types of cheeses, from goat milk cheese to cow milk cheese. Lactibar is among the main dairies of Sabugal, its cheese brand Queijo Torre is among the most sold in several local markets in Portugal. Tourism is also important in Sabugal. Thanks to the old spas in its vicinities, which date back to the Roman times although its earliest written reference goes back to the 18th century, Sabugal has become a thermal spa destination displaying in the 21st century a modern spa hotel infrastructure (i.e. Cr\u00f3 Hotel & Thermal Spa ). The city of Sabugal has all types of schools from kindergarten to the 12th grade Archived 2018-10-23 at the Wayback Machine . Higher education is available in the neighboring city of Guarda , located about 35\u00a0km away by road, which is the capital of the district .Sabugal is home to Sporting Clube do Sabugal , a multisports club founded on March 25, 1939. It has football and futsal teams as well as a judo department. The main men's football team plays in the Sabugal Municipality Stadium ( Est\u00e1dio Municipal do Sabugal ) whose the owner is the Sabugal City Council.Administratively, the municipality ( concelho ) is divided into 30 civil parishes ( freguesias ): ", ["2_872"]] [20873, "Ay\u015fe \u00d6nal is a Turkish women's football forward currently playing in the First League for Kar\u015f\u0131yaka BESEM Spor with jersey number 7. She played in the Turkey girls' U-17 national team before joining the Turkey women's national U-19 team.", ["2_873"]] [20874, "Musashi ( \u6b66\u8535 ) was the third and final vessel in the Katsuragi class of composite hulled , sail-and- steam corvettes of the early Imperial Japanese Navy . It was named for Musashi province , a former province of Japan located in the Kant\u014d region . The name was used again for the more famous World War II battleship Musashi . Katsuragi was designed as an iron-ribbed, wooden-hulled, three-masted barque-rigged sloop-of-war with a coal-fired double-expansion reciprocating steam engine with six cylindrical boilers driving a double screw. Her basic design was based on experience gained in building Kaimon and Tenry\u016b sloops, but was already somewhat obsolescent in comparison to contemporary European warships when completed.Musashi was laid down at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 1 October 1884 under the direction of British-educated Japanese naval architect Sas\u014d Sach\u016b . She was launched on 30 March 1886 and commissioned on 9 February 1887. He first captain was Lieutenant Commander Arima Shin'ichi .Musashi saw combat service in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, patrolling between Korea , Dairen and Weihaiwei . She was also at the Battle of Yalu River in a reserve capacity in the Western Sea Fleet .On 21 March 1898, Musashi was re-designated a third-class gunboat , and was used for coastal survey and patrol duties. On 1 May 1902, she was driven onto a sandbar at the mouth of Nemuro Bay because of strong winds, and required three months of repairs after she was refloated. The cruiser Yaeyama was also grounded in Nemuro Bay by the same storm.During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Musashi served as a guard ship in Hakodate harbor under the command of Lieutenant Commander Tochinai Sojir\u014d .Musashi was refitted again in 1907, when her guns were replaced with four 3-inch and two 2.5-inch guns, and she was reclassified as a second-class coastal patrol vessel on 28 August 1912, but was used primarily for training duties. She was reclassified again on 1 April 1922 as a survey ship . She was removed from the navy list on 1 April 1928. and was designated \u201cHulk No.5\u201d on 6 July. The hulk was obtained by the Ministry of Justice on 3 October and towed to Odawara, Kanagawa , where it was anchored in the harbor and used as a prison for juvenile convicts. The hulk was broken up for scrap in 1935. ", ["2_874"]] [20875, "Maxwell is a crater on the far side of the Moon named after the physicist James C. Maxwell . It lies in the southwestern part of the larger crater Richardson . The southern part of Maxwell is overlain in turn by the partly flooded Lomonosov . Less than one crater diameter to the southwest is the larger Joliot . The surviving outer rim of Maxwell is generally uneven and ill-defined where it overlies Richardson. Only along the western edge is it fairly well organized, but even there it is worn and eroded. The interior floor is relatively level and displays patches of low- albedo material, usually an indication of basaltic lava , possibly from impact melt. However the floor is dusted with material from the ray system of Giordano Bruno , located to the north-northeast, which has lightened the surface. The southern part of the interior floor is overlain by the outer rampart of Lomonosov.Prior to formal naming in 1961 by the IAU , this crater was known as Crater 112 . ", ["2_875"]] [20876, "Max Brenner ( Hebrew : \u05de\u05e7\u05e1 \u05d1\u05e8\u05e0\u05e8 ) is an Israeli multinational chocolate restaurant and retail brand. The company operates 36 locations internationally, the majority (24) of which are in Australia. Other locations include ten in Israel and two in the United States ( New York City ). It specializes in chocolate-based desserts such as fondue , crepes , milkshakes , waffles , and hot chocolate , many of which it serves in signature utensils. Max Brenner is owned by Yaniv Shtanger and Dudu Vaknin. Max Brenner chocolates are certified kosher by the Nof HaGalil Rabbinate. The firm was founded in 1996 in Ra'anana , Israel , by Max Fichtman and Oded Brenner ( Hebrew : \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e8\u05e0\u05e8 ) who combined their names. The business began as a small shop selling handmade chocolates. Working as an apprentice in Paris, Brenner met chocolatier Michel Chaudun and convinced the maestro to take him on. He spent the following six years learning the art of chocolate-making in Paris.Upon his return to Israel, he opened the first shop, with a workshop in the back, named \"Handmade Chocolate by Max Brenner\", in Ra\u2019anana. By 1999, Fichtman and Brenner had opened ten chocolate shops. A chance meeting with an Israeli entrepreneur in 1999 sparked the idea of expanding his business, and the first of the Max Brenner-branded cafes opened in Australia, in Sydney's hip suburb of Paddington , in 2000. This newly opened \u201cMax Brenner Chocolate Bar\u201d was to be the centre of Max's new chocolate culture, combining a chocolate bar and a chocolate shop. This allowed people to enjoy a \u201cholistic\u201d chocolate adventure, experiencing their shopping in the bar section and shopping their experience in the shop section. In 2001, the chain became part of the Strauss , Israel's second-largest food and beverage company. In the period from 2002 to 2005, Max Brenner opened locations in Israel, Singapore, and the Philippines, while continuing to open new locations in Australia. In 2006, Max Brenner opened their first chocolate bar in the United States in New York City.In 2010, a new Max Brenner restaurant and chocolate store opened in the U.S. at Caesars Palace , Las Vegas , followed by another store opening in Boston and Philadelphia during the next year, offering both sweet and savory menu options. In 2013, the company unveiled a new strategy, under which it started to move away from full-service restaurants and adopted a fast-casual concept named a Chocolate Bar. The first of these opened in Bethesda , Maryland in June 2013, with three more opening in Tokyo, Japan, and Moscow, Russia via franchise agreements. The company opened its second US Chocolate Bar in Paramus, NJ in April 2014. In Australia, Max Brenner had expanded to 37 restaurants across Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , the Northern Territory, and the Australian Capital Territory .In May 2017, Strauss group sold Max Brenner brand to Israeli franchisees Yaniv Shtanger and Dudu Vaknin for 18 million NIS (US$5 million).On 1 October 2018, Max Brenner's Australian business went into voluntary administration, citing rising costs and sluggish retail trade. On 8 October 2018, 20 of the 37 Australian Max Brenner locations were permanently closed. In November 2018 the Australian cinema owner and singer Roy Mustaca bought the 17 remaining Australian Max Brenner franchises out of receivership. Max Brenner was introduced to Australia in 2000 and has operated for over 20 years, with its first Chocolate Bar opening in Paddington, Sydney. Its menu includes chocolate and desserts including its own-recipe chocolate, hot chocolates, chocolate fondue, tutti frutti waffles and decadent pizzas as well as crockery such as the 'hug mug'. In 2018, the business went into administration and Max Brenner\u2019s Asia Pacific (APAC) arm was acquired by an Australian owned and operated family business, Vitocco Enterprises. Under new leadership, the company had national and international expansion plans, including its first international Chocolate Bar which opened in late 2021 in Queenstown, New Zealand.The Australian business is independent of the Israel and US businesses with its head office located in Sydney, Australia. In 2021, 3 new Chocolate Bars opened in Ed Square , World Square and Southland , Cheltenham . There are currently 25 Chocolate Bars in Australia. The Strauss Group states on their website that they provide care packages to soldiers in the IDF's Golani Brigade , leading to activists targeting Max Brenner stores for boycotts Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign.\nIn 2011, pro-Palestinian activist group Students for Palestine organized a series of protests outside Max Brenner outlets in Australia. The protest in Melbourne led to 19 arrests. The protests have drawn condemnation from then Foreign Minister of Australia (and former Prime Minister ) Kevin Rudd , who remarked \u201cI don't think in 21st-century Australia there is a place for the attempted boycott of a Jewish business.\u201d In September 2011, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission said that \"the protesters had not broken federal competition law because the protests did not cause substantial loss or damage to the Max Brenner chocolate stores.\" Some pro-Palestinian organizations including Australians for Palestine have distanced themselves from the protests but have publicly defended the choice of Max Brenner as a boycott target. In October 2011, Izzat Abdulhadi, head of the General Delegation of Palestine to Australia said that he is against the \"full-scale\" BDS campaign, and in particular expressed his anger over the occasionally violent protests at the Max Brenner stores, saying, \"BDS is a non-violent process and I don't think it's the right of anybody to use BDS as a violent action or to prevent people from buying from any place.\" Protest organizers consistently denied that the protests were violent, and instead accused the police of acting with brutality. Julia Gillard denounced the planned protest against the Max Brenner shop on the Kensington campus of University of New South Wales , accusing the organizers of engaging in an ugly attempt to spread anti-Semitism and Holocaust-denial. In a survey conducted by the university to ascertain which new stores students and faculty wanted on campus, a Max Brenner chocolate shop was the second most popular choice. Max Brenner Australia spokespersons stated that the sole shareholders of the franchise operation in Australia are a young Australian couple who have no direct connection to the Strauss Group. The franchise employs over 1,100 Australian residents across four states. In May 2013, The Australian newspaper reported on a YouTube video segment featuring an interview with Palestine Action Group Sydney spokesperson Patrick Harrison at a protest outside the Parramatta Max Brenner store. Harrison stated in the interview: \"financially speaking there isn't really any connection between this Max Brenner store in particular and Israel,\" and that the retail outlet has become a \"cultural ambassador for Israel\", which the newspaper used to argue that protests were unjustified. In response, the Palestine Action Group pointed out earlier reports by the Australian acknowledging that Max Brenner is a brand of the Strauss Group. Harrison responded by pointing out that Max Brenner's Australian franchise operations are referenced in the Strauss Group's annual report, and argued that the Australian franchisees should hand back their licenses to Strauss to signal their opposition to Strauss's support for the Israeli occupation. In the early 2010s, BDS activists protested outside the Clarendon St, South Melbourne, store handing leaflets to people passing by. In October 2014, this store closed.In April 2014, Max Brenner won the 2014 Webby Awards in the food and drink category, for the best website by both the public and the academy's panel of experts. ", ["2_876"]] [20877, "The Monreal Stones ( Filipino : Mga Batong Monreal ), also referred to as the Ticao stones , are two limestone tablets that contain Baybayin characters. Found by pupils of Rizal Elementary School on Ticao Island in Monreal, Masbate , who had scraped the mud off their shoes and slippers on an irregular-shaped limestone tablet before entering their classroom, these are now housed in a section of the National Museum of Anthropology . The large, triangular stone weighs 30 kilos, is 11 centimeters thick, 54 cm. long and 44 cm. wide. The smaller stone is oval-shaped and is 6 cm. thick, 20 cm. long and 18 cm. wide. The National Museum held a Baybayin conference to present the Monreal Stones to the public on 13 December 2013. The dating and authenticity of the stones are still under discussion, however initial examination has revealed that the inscriptions could not have been made earlier than the 17th century due to the usage of the Baybayin vowel deleter introduced in 1621 by the Spanish friars. This article relating to archaeology in Asia is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_877"]] [20878, "Mount Lefroy is a mountain on the Continental Divide , at the border of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada . The mountain is located on the eastern side of Abbot Pass which separates Lake Louise in Banff National Park from Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park . Mount Victoria lies immediately on the western side of the pass. The mountain was named by George M. Dawson in 1894 for Sir John Henry Lefroy (1817\u20131890), an astronomer who had travelled over 8,800 kilometres (5,470\u00a0mi) in Canada's north between 1842 and 1844 making meteorological and magnetic observations. The mountain is the site of the first fatal accident in modern mountaineering in Canada. In 1896 during a failed summit bid, Philip Stanley Abbot slipped on rocks after just coming off an icy section and plummeted down the rock face to his death. The first successful ascent was made in 1897 by J. Norman Collie , Arthur Michael , H. Dixon; Charles Fay , Peter Sarbach , R. Vanderlip, C. Noyes, Charles Thompson, and H. Parker. A prominent painting by Canadian Group of 7 artist Lawren Harris , was painted at this site. Mount Lefroy is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny . Based on the K\u00f6ppen climate classification , Mount Lefroy is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below \u221220\u00a0\u00b0C with wind chill factors below \u221230\u00a0\u00b0C.", ["2_878"]] [20879, "Ruthrieston railway station or Ruthrieston Halt was opened in January 1856 by the GNSR and served Ruthrieston, now a suburb of Aberdeen . The halt was one of several victims of the 1937 closure of stations on the Aberdeen suburban service. The Deeside Railway itself eventually ran from Aberdeen (Joint) to Ballater . Ruthrieston is located in the parish of Peterculter , Aberdeenshire , Scotland. The station was first opened in January 1856 and closed in April 1876. It was reopened in June 1885 and was part of a new Aberdeen suburban service on a section of the Deeside branch. At first the branch services had been operated by the Deeside Railway . The line had become part of the GNoSR who opened Ruthrieston on both occasions and at grouping the company merged with the London and North Eastern Railway .Ruthrieston became an unstaffed halt in June 1927 due to low passenger usage. and was closed to passengers on 5 April 1937 as a part of the withdrawal of the Aberdeen suburban service that had been the victim of increasing competition from bus services. After its closure in 1937 the line itself remained open to Ballater until 1966. Pitfodels and Holburn Street stations were only a short distance away. The line has been lifted and this sections forms part of the Deeside Way long-distance footpath.The 1867 OS map shows a rural area with a single track line and the station on the north side of the line with a very short platform and a single building. By 1900 the track here had been doubled and the station consisted of two platforms with a stationmaster's house, a small station building on the northern side of the line and a simple wooden shelter on the southern side with the two connected by a pedestrian bridge. Signals were present but no signalbox is indicated. By 1953 the line was singled with the westbound or southern track lifted. The station buildings had been demolished apart from the stationmaster's house. A line ran to the East Pitmuxton Siding from near the station, approached from the east.In 1928 the suburban railway service, with stations at Holburn Street , Ruthrieston, Pitfodels , Cults , West Cults , Murtle , Milltimber and Culter , locally called the 'subbies' started additionally operating Sunday, services however due to competition with the buses it was announced on 28 January 1937 that the service would cease altogether in April 1937, Sunday services having ceased in 1936. It had once been very popular, the journey taking around twenty minutes to go the seven or so miles. The 1894 service of eight trains had doubled in 1900. Suburban stations were only able to issue passengers tickets to stations served by the suburban train service. The old platform on the north side of the trackbed remains with the trackbed in use as part of the Deeside Way . The Royal Deeside Railway is located at Milton of Crathes some distance down the line towards Ballater .", ["2_879"]] [20880, "The Kreuzspitze (2,185 m) is the highest mountain in the Bavarian section of the Ammergau Alps and is the 21st highest mountain in Germany. The mountain is located southeast of the Ammer Saddle . The easiest route to the summit is along the normal path from the north through the Hochgrie\u00df Cirque ( Hochgrie\u00dfkar ). A more scenic and varied route, however, is over the Kreuzspitzl to the south and then along the scenic ridge (UIAA climbing grade I to II) to the main peak. The mountain also offers a challenging ski tour through the Hochgrie\u00df Cirque. The surrounding peaks of Frieder , Geierk\u00f6pfe and Schellschlicht are also popular tour destinations.This Bavaria location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_880"]] [20881, "Kirovske Raion ( Russian : \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d ; Ukrainian : \u041a\u0456\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d ) was one of the 25 regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea until 2020. The raion's administrative centre is the urban-type settlement of Kirovske (also known as Isliam-Terek). Population: 50,834\u00a0( 2014 Census ) . The area of the raion has been occupied by Russia since 2014, who continue using it as an administrative unit of their Republic of Crimea .The raion is located in eastern Crimea. The geography of the raion is divided between the foothills in the south, while the north forms part of the Crimean steppe. The main waterway of the northern peninsula, the North Crimean Canal supplying water from the Dnieper river , passes through the raion.The raion is famous for the historical town of Stary Krym .In 2014, Russia unilaterally and illegally annexed the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine. it has occupied it continuously since then, and since then has also used Kirovske Raion as an administrative unit of their Republic of Crimea . [ citation needed ]In 2016, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed a law that would rename Kirovske Raion to Isliam-Terek Raion ( Ukrainian : \u0406\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d , Crimean Tatar : \u0130sl\u00e2m Terek rayon\u0131 ); however, the law had a clause that it would only come into effect when Ukraine re-established control over Crimea, which has not occurred since.In July 2020, Ukraine conducted an administrative reform throughout its de jure territory. This included the Administrative divisions of Crimea , which were reorganized from 14 raions and 11 municipalities into 10 raions, with municipalities abolished altogether. In this re-organization, Kirovske Raion was set to be officially abolished, with its territories merged into Feodosia Raion . This law, too, was scheduled to come into effect when Crimea was back under Ukrainian control. In September 2023, the Verkhovna Rada enacted a law amending the previous laws to remove the clause about them coming into effect upon recapture, instead changing it so that they came into effect immediately upon the amendment. Thus, the Kirovske Raion of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea was simultaneously renamed and abolished on 7 September 2023. 45\u00b013\u203225\u2033N 35\u00b012\u203219\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 45.22361\u00b0N 35.20528\u00b0E \ufeff / 45.22361; 35.20528This article about a location in Crimea is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_881"]] [20883, "Dorothy Dalton (September 22, 1893 \u2013 April 13, 1972) was an American silent film actress and stage personality who worked her way from a stock company to a movie career. Beginning in 1910, Dalton was a player in stock companies in Chicago; Terre Haute, Indiana; and Holyoke, Massachusetts. She joined the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation vaudeville circuits. By 1914 she was working in Hollywood. Born in Chicago, Dalton made her movie debut in 1914 in Pierre of the Plains , co-starring Edgar Selwyn , followed by the lead role in Across the Pacific that same year. In 1915, she appeared with William S. Hart in The Disciple . This production came before she left Triangle Film Corporation and was signed to Thomas Harper Ince Studios. While Ince meant to cast her in mature roles, she had preferred to play ing\u00e9nues. Her role in The Disciple, however, in which she attracts a man who is not her husband, led to her being cast as a vamp . Her vamp, however, was untraditional in that she vamped unconsciously; in the words of Kay Anthony, \"Not because she wanted people to think she was a full-fledged shatterer of hearts before the camera did she make pulses beat hard and fast, but because she couldn't help it: 'I guess I just must have been born that way!'\" Ince's company was operative from 1919 until his death in 1924. With Ince, she played in The Price Mark and Love Letters , both co-starring William Conklin . Dalton also performed with Rudolph Valentino in Moran of the Lady Letty (1922), and with H.B. Warner in The Flame of the Yukon (1917) and The Vagabond Prince (1916). Dalton's stage career included performances as Chrysis in Aphrodite by Morris Gest in 1920. Dalton was first married to actor Lew Cody (lead actor in the Broadway version of Pierre of the Plains ) in 1913, divorcing him then remarrying him in 1914 and divorcing him again. In 1924 she married theatrical producer Arthur Hammerstein , uncle of lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and son of impresario Oscar Hammerstein I . They had a daughter, Carol Hammerstein. After this marriage, Dalton retired. Arthur Hammerstein died in 1955.Dorothy Dalton died in 1972, age 78, at her home in Scarsdale, New York. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Dorothy Dalton has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1560 Vine Street. ", ["2_883"]] [20887, "Buxach is a river of Bavaria , Germany . The Buxbach is a right tributary of the Iller and about 16.7 kilometres (10.4\u00a0mi) long. Its source is southeast of the municipality of Kronburg , near the Ein\u00f6de [ de ] Hei\u00dfenschwende. The Buxach is straightened only few places in Hart and Buxach (two districts of Memmingen ), most of its course it flows freely. The river banks are surrounded by forests and villages as well as meadows. The Buxach feeds the Buxheimer Weiher [ de ] , a reservoir north of Buxheim . The water of the Buxheimer Weiher does not flow back into the Buxach, but into the Reutenbach. The Buxach itself flows west from Buxheim on the Illerstadion into the Iller.In former times, the Buxach also fed the Memminger municipal pond southward of Hart. The pond was drained around 1900, today still the name of the street \"Am Stadtweiher\" (\"at the municipal pond\") is a reminder. Especially in Hart and Buxach, the river was used for industry. In Hart, there was a copper hammer, and several mills and copper hammers existed in Buxach. At the east of Kronburg, an oil mill was operated.At Buxheim, west of the pond Buxheimer Weiher , the river Reutenbach diverges from the Buxach. Only very little water flows through that direct connection; the Reutenbach is mostly fed by the outflow of the Buxheimer Weiher, which is 200 meters (660\u00a0ft) away. The Reutenbach flows northwards through Buxheim and feeds a fish pond near Egelsee (district of Memmingen), then also flows into the river Iller. The mouth of the Reutenbach in the Iller is about 2.3 kilometres (1.4\u00a0mi) north from the mouth of the Buxach.", ["2_887"]] [20888, "Clara \"Clare\" Dennis (7 March 1916 \u2013 5 June 1971), later known by her married name Clare Golding , was an Australian breaststroke swimmer of the 1930s who won the gold medal in the 200-metre breaststroke at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Born in Burwood, New South Wales (a suburb of Sydney) as one of six children of Alec Dennis, a policeman who acted as a police prosecutor, Clare and her siblings were taught to swim by their father, himself an amateur swimmer, after their family relocated from Burwood to Clovelly Beach . Dennis' sister Thora developed quickly into a competent competitive swimmer, and joined the Sydney Ladies' Swimming Club and was later selected for the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, but was prevented from going on the grounds of being too young to travel alone overseas. Dennis pleaded with her father to let her join, which he agreed to on the condition that she first swim the 33 yards (approximately 30 metres) across Clovelly Bay. She managed this by pushing off the bottom of the ocean, disguising this with extravagant stroking. Her first lesson and race at the club ended in her having to be fished out of the pool after her endurance failed and the bottom of the pool was too deep to push off.Dennis attended Randwick Primary School, where she acquired a reputation for being interested in sport rather than schoolwork. She spent large amounts of time playing cricket against the male students. Dennis initially swam as a freestyler, but converted to breaststroke at the age of 13. At her first New South Wales Championships in 1930, held at the Ramsgate Baths, she was disqualified after drifting out of her unmarked lane. The freestyle race was held four times due to multiple lane crossing. It was later discovered that the taps regulating the water flow had been accidentally left on. This created a current strong enough to push the swimmers towards one another. In the breaststroke event, held later, she set a State record, but was disqualified for a one-handed touch.In 1931 she won her first state and national title in the 220-yard breaststroke. She repeated this in 1933, 1934 and 1935, with the championships not being held in 1932, remaining unbeaten until her retirement in 1936. After her 1931 victory, her father died from a leaking heart valve. Dennis considered retiring, but her mother convinced her to continue.In January 1932, Dennis broke the 110-yard Australian record and then the 200-metre world record, gaining automatic selection for the Olympic team at the age of 15. Due to financial difficulties caused by the Great Depression , Dennis managed to attend the Olympics only after assistance was rendered by the Police Department for travel and uniform costs. On arrival, Dennis was hit by illness and then contracted a toe infection after gashing it on the starting platform. Her chances took a boost when Lisa Rocke , who had claimed her 200 m breaststroke world record, was not sent to represent Germany.Dennis won her heat of the 200-metre breaststroke, setting an Olympic record. She narrowly escaped disqualification when a protest was lodged against her \"inappropriate\" costume on the grounds that it exposed too much of her shoulder blade. Dennis changed her swimming style after the heats on the advice of American swimmer Buster Crabbe , who recommended she swim three strokes underwater after her starting dive before surfacing. Using her new technique, she touched in first place at every turn to claim the gold medal, 0.1 of a second faster than Japan's Hideko Maehata , improving on her previous Olympic record.In 1933, Dennis beat her own Australian 220-yard breaststroke record, and in 1934 she captured gold in the 220-yard breaststroke at the 1934 British Empire Games in London. Though she successfully defended her national title in 1935, she was controversially omitted from the team for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, and subsequently retired.Dennis met her future husband, George Golding , an Australian track and field athlete at the Olympics. He won gold at the 1930 British Empire Games and was the Australian 440-yard champion in 1934 and the 440-yard hurdles champion in 1932 and 1934. They were married in 1941. Dennis became a swimming coach and hairdresser, owning two salons.She died in 1971 in Manly, New South Wales at the age of 55 from cancer , and was posthumously inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1982. ", ["2_888"]] [20890, "Tagarapuvalasa is a neighbourhood on the banks of River Gosthani is a part of Bheemunipatnam Municipality (BMC) in Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the Kolkata \u2013 Chennai National Highway 16 . National Highway 43 diverts from Maharajupeta village north of Tagarapuvalasa. [ citation needed ] Traces of habitation and early trade in and around Tagarapuvalasa may be dated back to 3rd century BC or more as many Early Buddhist sites such as Pavurallakonda , Gudiwada Dibba , Cherukupalli Gutta and Pellikonda, are explored, documented and excavated near to this town along the River Gosthani . This area once flourished as Madhyama Kalinga region.Tagarapuvalasa and Chittivalasa are twin towns and located at 17\u00b055\u203252\u2033N 83\u00b025\u203244\u2033E. ", ["2_890"]] [20892, "Ettu Nombu ( Malayalam : \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d) or the Eight Day Lent of St Mary , is a solemn remembrance of virgin-mother of Jesus Christ , for the St Thomas Christians in Kerala , India. The custom is observed in the Oriental Orthodox ( Jacobite and Indian Orthodox ) and Eastern Catholic ( Syro-Malabar and Syro Malankara Catholic ) churches in Kerala. Believers participate in fasting and praying for the eight days. During this time churches celebrate the feast in remembrance of the birth of St Mary ( Nativity of Mary ) and the eight days of lent is rigorously observed from the 1st day to 8th day of September with charitable activities, evangelical conventions and special prayers to honor St Mary. For Syrian Catholics , praying the rosary in groups is an important custom during these days. The eight days of lent is not a canonical one for the Church but is observed by the Syrian Christians of India and also of the Near Eastern countries.It appears that this practice originated in connection with the Islamic invasion and the subsequent fall of Kodungallur , a Christian centre in Kerala. There are different versions about the origin of the lent.In the seventh century, there was a town called Heera near Basra , which was predominantly a Christian township. The Caliph of Baghdad captured this town and appointed a fanatic Muslim governor, who implemented the caliph's every dictum with fervor. The caliph was known to be cruel and had a weakness for beautiful women. He was enamored by the beauty and charm of the women of Heera and decided to reach there in three days. The chastity and modesty of the women of Heera were at stake. They sought refuge in the church of St. Mary. The priest declared an uncompromising lent for three days invoking the intercession of mother Mary. On the 3rd day, in the middle of the Holy Qurbana , a golden beam of light flashed down from above, then spread to illuminate the whole church. It is said that the priest had a vision of Mother Mary and also heard her saying, \u201cDo not be afraid; peace be to you \u2013 Rejoice. The Caliph is no more. Tribulations are over\u201d. The priest then turned to the people and they could see an aura around the priests face as he relayed the message. The whole congregation praised the Lord and thanked Mary for her intercessory prayers. The women then decided to observe a lent for eight days (i.e. from the 1st to the 8th of September in commemoration of this event). They believed that Mother Mary helped safeguard their chastity, modesty and dignity. By the 3rd century St. David (an Episcoppa) came to India from Basra and evangelized people. This was followed by the Knanaya Migration from \u015eanl\u0131urfa in the 4th century. Iraqi migrants of the 8th century further spread this tradition. As it is not a canonical event of the Church calendar its popularity is somewhat limited. St. Mary's Cathedral, Manarcaud , under the jurisdiction of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church , is believed to be the first church to have reestablished the lent in a wide manner. It remains the largest church where the 8-Day lent is a popular tradition. The stone inscriptions found at the church reveal that the church was built more than a thousand years ago. Archeologists have found out that these stone inscriptions were memorial stones set up at the tombs in 910 A.D. and 920 A.D. The writing on them are in Malayalam and Tamil scripts prevalent 600 years ago. St. Mary's Church, Meenangadi is the first church to adopt the 8 day lent in the Malabar region. Many churches in the name of St. Mary have subsequently begun recognition of the 8 day lent. The Holy Girdle is taken out for the public at the eighth day.", ["2_892"]] [20893, "The Old University Library in Lincoln, Nebraska is a historic three-and-a-half story building on the campus of the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln . It was built with red bricks in 1891, and designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by Mendelssohn, Fisher & Lawrie . When it was dedicated in 1895, it housed the university library, an art gallery, and the Nebraska State Historical Society. By the 1970s, it housed the Department of Architecture. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 6, 1975. This article about a property in Nebraska on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_893"]] [20894, "The walaycho (hispanicized spelling hualaycho , also walaychu ) is a small lute -like fretted stringed instrument, the smallest member of the charango family. It is the same or similar to the maulincho . The walaychu along with the charango and its variations were born in the 16th century among the Ayacucho regions Peru and Potos\u00ed located in Bolivia . The word walaychu is Quechua meaning 'a lazy man, someone who always lays on the ground everywhere. In addition to this, an evil man'. It's a colloquial word in Viceroyalty of Peru for a small charango variant. [ citation needed ]This article relating to lutes is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_894"]] [20895, "North Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park , California . It is the southernmost summit of Indian Ridge , 0.6 miles (1.0\u00a0km) north of Washington Column and the Royal Arches on the northeastern wall of Yosemite Valley . It can be reached by trail from the Tioga Pass Road , or by going up the Yosemite Falls trail and heading east. It can also be reached from Mirror Lakes by the Snow Creek Falls trail going north around Indian Rock and then south again on the Tioga Pass Road trail. The South Face is precipitous. This Yosemite -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This Mariposa County, California \u2013related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_895"]] [20897, "Chin Kaw , also known as Ah Kaw or Ah Caw (17 July 1865\u00a0\u2013 11 April 1922), was a prominent Chinese Australian storekeeper, philanthropist, and mining entrepreneur in Launceston , Tasmania , Australia, who recruited workers from China for the Tasmanian tin-mining industry and thereby helped Chinese immigrants settle in Australia. Ah Kaw was born in Shui-hu village, Kaiping district, Taishan county, Guangdong province, China. His father, Chin Lang Lan, was a merchant. He came to Australia in 1877. Around 1879, he arrived at the Chinese tin-mining community of Thomas's Plains, near Weldborough in north-eastern Tasmania, where his uncle Chin Ah Heang owned a general grocery and herb store. He worked in his uncle's store and later took up mineral leases in the area. As Tasmania had far less stringent restrictions upon Chinese immigration than other Australian colonies and had less discriminatory attitudes than other colonies, Chin Kaw organised the passage of Chinese labourers who then worked under the tribute system on the tin fields to repay their debts, and those who were naturalised as British subjects in Tasmania were then free to move to other colonies. Ah Kaw moved to Launceston around 1890. He was a co-founder in the early 1890s (and eventually sole proprietor) of Sun Hung Ack & Co. in Launceston, which served as a meeting point for the local Chinese community, and pioneered the sale of Tasmanian-grown tobacco. Ah Kaw was also a participant in many mining ventures in Tasmania as an investor, and was a founding shareholder of the National Bank of Tasmania. Along with future Senator Thomas Bakhap and several other prominent Launceston Chinese merchants, Chin Kaw was in the welcome committee which welcomed the Imperial Chinese Commissioner to Launceston in 1906. Chin Kaw had numerous interactions with the legal system in Tasmania. While many of these cases were due to him launching civil actions to recover bad debts, and several burglaries of his shop, he was himself prosecuted several times.In 1884, a police officer witnessed him selling sly gin whilst working in his uncle's store. Despite the policeman's seizure of the liquor being thwarted by a group of angry Chinese, Chin Kaw was convicted and fined \u00a320 in lieu of three months imprisonment. Chin Kaw paid the fine, which was about six months' salary. Another attempt to prosecute him and three others in 1889 for selling sly grog came to naught when the charge against him was withdrawn and Gee Ah Gouie, the Crown's main witness, proved so unconvincing that he was arrested for perjury at the end of the trial, and was subsequently convicted.In 1894, Chin Kaw, along with his employee Chin Kit, was prosecuted for passing counterfeit shilling coins, and possessing the same in the till of his Launceston store, but both were acquitted as there was no evidence Chin Kaw or Chin Kit knowingly sought to pass counterfeit coins. In 1902, Chin Kaw's store was raided by police, who found a group of 25 Chinese sitting at tables with dominoes and money on them, and observed Chin Kaw attempting to sweep the money onto the ground. Despite one of his co-accused suggesting to the court that their activities were more desirable than English larrikinism, Chin Kaw was subsequently convicted and fined \u00a310 for allowing his premises to be used for unlawful gambling. In 1907, the police raided Chin Kaw's store again and arrested 16 Chinese including Chin Kaw, again charging him with allowing his premises to be used for unlawful gambling. The raid was based on a tip-off made from within the Chinese community. The defence argued that the nature of the gathering was no different to the private bridge parties held by white residents of Launceston. The police did not find evidence of gambling on the tables, so the prosecution case relied on three Chinese witnesses, who by the time of the trial were, respectively, dead, missing, or confined to a mental asylum, and so the case was withdrawn. Chin Kaw subsequently sued fellow Launceston tobacco merchant Charles Ah Ying for the sum of \u00a3300 for malicious prosecution connected with the case, although the case was withdrawn by mutual consent.In 1914, his shop was raided yet again by the police, who arrested Chin Kaw and others. The prosecution appeared to have a strong case as the police found money and gambling chips on the tables, but the charges were dropped without explanation at the start of the trial. Chin Kaw returned to China in 1886 and married Luei Fong, eventually bringing her out to Tasmania in 1890, making him one of only four former Weldborough miners who was able to bring out a wife from China in the restrictive immigration conditions of the time. With the winding down of the Tasmanian tin-mining industry and the consequent reduction in size of the Chinese community, Chin Kaw moved from Launceston to Melbourne in 1916. He died in Melbourne in 1922 after a short illness, leaving an estate of several thousand pounds. He was survived by his wife Luei, his six sons (Alexander, Edward, Leslie, Victor, Julian and Herbert), his four daughters (Sybil Ethel, Edith Margaret, Ruby and Elsmene), his brother Chin Ah Lin, and his brother's daughter Irene Lin.Ah Kaw's son Alexander took over the family store in Launceston and took an interest in commerce between Australia and China, founded the Chinese Club in Sydney , and served as Commercial and Political Advisor to the Chinese Consul-General in Australia in the 1930s. Ah Kaw's son Victor operated his own retail business in Devonport from 1932 until 1947, and distinguished himself as a badminton player, as well as by serving as Honorary Chinese Consul in Tasmania from 1931. In 1936, Ah Kaw's son Herbert became the second person of Chinese descent to be admitted as a barrister in Victoria. Many of Ah Kaw's children played prominent roles in organising war relief for China during the 1930s and 1940s. The contents of the long-closed Kaw family shop in Launceston were eventually donated by Ah Kaw's descendants to the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston. ", ["2_897"]] [20898, "2VPI , 2VXO 8833229363ENSG00000163655ENSMUSG00000027823P49915Q3THK7NM_003875NM_001033300NP_003866NP_001028472Guanosine monophosphate synthetase , ( EC 6.3.5.2 ) also known as GMPS is an enzyme that converts xanthosine monophosphate to guanosine monophosphate . In the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, IMP is the branch point metabolite at which point the pathway diverges to the synthesis of either guanine or adenine nucleotides. In the guanine nucleotide pathway, there are 2 enzymes involved in converting IMP to GMP, namely IMP dehydrogenase (IMPD1), which catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP, and GMP synthetase, which catalyzes the amination of XMP to GMP. In enzymology , a GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) ( EC 6.3.5.2 ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are ATP , xanthosine 5'-phosphate , L -glutamine , and H 2 O , whereas its 4 products are AMP , diphosphate , GMP , and L -glutamate .This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases , specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthosine-5'-phosphate: L -glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) . This enzyme participates in purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism . At least one compound, Psicofuranin is known to inhibit this enzyme .As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1GPM , 1WL8 , 2A9V , 2D7J , and 2DPL .GMP synthase is the second step in the generation of GMP from IMP; the first step occurs when IMP dehydrogenase generates XMP, and then GMP synthetase is able to react with glutamine and ATP to generate GMP. IMP may also be generated into AMP by adenylosuccinate synthetase and then adenylosuccinate lyase. GMP synthase is also involved in amino acid metabolism because it generates L-glutamate from L-glutamine. This enzyme is widely distributed and a number of crystal structures have been solved, including in Escherichia coli , Pyrococcus Horikoshii , Thermoplasma acidophil , Homo sapiens , Thermus thermophilus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The most extensive structural studies have been done in E. coli . GMP synthase forms a tetramer in an open box shape, which is a dimer of dimers. The R interfaces are held together with a hydrophobic core and a beta sheet , while the P dimer interfaces do not have a hydrophobic core and are more variable than the R interfaces. This enzyme also binds several ligands , including phosphate , pyrophosphate , AMP , citrate and Magnesium . The amidotransferase domain is responsible for removal of the amide nitrogen from the glutamine substrate. The class I amidotransferase domain is made of the N terminal 206 residues of the enzyme, and consists of 12 beta strands and 5 alpha helices ; the core of this domain is an open 7-stranded mixed beta sheet. Its catalytic triad includes Cys 86, His 181 and Glu 183. His181 is a base and Glu183 is a Hydrogen bond acceptor from the Histidine imidazole ring. Cys86 is the catalytic residue and is conserved. It falls into a nucleophile elbow, where it is at the end of a beta strand and the beginning of an alpha helix, and has little flexibility in its phi and psi angles; thus, Gly84 and Gly88 are conserved and allow for the tight packing of amino acids surrounding the catalytic residue. The synthetase domain is responsible for the addition of the abstracted Nitrogen to the acceptor substrate. The ATP Pyrophosphatase domain consists of a beta sheet containing 5 parallel strands with several alpha helices on each side. The P loop is the nucleotide binding motif; residues 235-241 make up the P loop which specifically binds to pyrophosphate. The structure of this domain is what creates the specificity of this enzyme for ATP. The binding pocket forms hydrophobic interactions with the adenine ring, and the backbone of Val260 forms H bonds with multiple Nitrogens in the ring of AMP, which excludes substituents on the C2 purine ring. This creates extreme specificity for adenine and ATP binding. ", ["2_898"]] [20901, "Nicole , Erica , and Jaclyn Dahm , commonly known as the Dahm triplets (born in that order on December 12, 1977), are identical triplets from Minnesota . The Dahm triplets have appeared on many TV shows and movies and have been in magazines such as Teen and Playboy . They are best known as being only the second set of triplets to be featured in the US edition of Playboy ; the first was a set of Brazilian triplets who were featured in November 1993. The triplets grew up in Jordan, Minnesota , and attended Jordan's public schools . Originally intending to become nurses, they enrolled at the University of Minnesota after high school. They are the Playmates centerfold for the Girls of the Big Ten December 1998 issue of Playboy magazine. According to their Playboy interview, Nicole and Erica have tiny black ink dots (one and two dots, respectively and Jaclyn has no mark) tattooed onto their buttocks , which their parents used to distinguish the three girls when they were babies. [ citation needed ] They tried out for Playboy' s \"Girls of the Big Ten \" issue on the suggestion of their father. They are the second set of triplets to be featured in the United States edition of Playboy , after \"The Trio from Rio , The Amazing Brazilian Triplets\" who were featured in the November 1993 issue. The Dahm sisters were featured in several issues of Playboy , but appeared on only one cover, that of Playboy Australia for June 1999. [ citation needed ]The trio appeared on the show Boy Meets World in 1999. The trio was also on the Fox reality show Renovate My Family , where Jay McGraw was the host. All three appeared on Family Feud with their older sister Lisa, and father Bob. Along with their father and an assigned interior decorator , they also competed in and won the reality competition show House Wars ; their prize for winning was to keep the house which they had renovated. [ citation needed ]The triplets more recently [ when? ] appeared as regular members of the mob on the final weeks of NBC 's game show 1 vs. 100 . The triplets played as one mob member.The triplets have appeared on episodes of The Doctors , where Jay McGraw is a producer, discussing a variety of topics, principally around their pregnancies, which all happened about the same time. [ citation needed ]The triplets had their own website, www.dahmgirls.com, which was active until late 2004. The members' area of the site featured photo galleries similar to those produced by Playboy . Toward the end of 2004, that site was replaced with www.jenx3.com (j, e, and n being their initials), which remained active only briefly and contained no nude pictorials. Both sites are no longer online. Other appearances on the internet include a pictorial in the Playboy Cyber Club's celebrity photographer feature, shot by NASCAR racer Dale Earnhardt Jr. [ citation needed ]The Dahm Triplets started their own cooking website called \"Triplets Gourmet\", which is no longer functioning. In addition, the triplets have opened up an account on YouTube also called \"TripletsGourmet.\" Their first video is their collection of recipes and the usefulness of freezing gourmet food. Only one video was made and posted, in 2008.Erica married Jay McGraw , son of Dr. Phil McGraw from Dr. Phil . She gave birth to a daughter on March 18, 2010, and a son on August 31, 2011. ", ["2_901"]] [20904, "In molecular biology , Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Am2589 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.\nsnoRNA Me28S-Am2589 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O- methylation of substrate RNAs. It is predicted that this family directs 2'-O-methylation of 28S A-2589. This molecular or cell biology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_904"]] [20908, "The Old Prince Edward County Clerk's Office is a historic clerk's office located at Worsham , Prince Edward County, Virginia . It was built in 1855, and is a one-story, brick building in the Roman Revival style. It features a one-story front portico with original Tuscan order columns and pilasters. It served as the clerk's office until the county seat moved to Farmville in 1872. It stands across the road from the Debtors' Prison . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. This article about a property in Prince Edward County, Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_908"]] [20909, "Vittorio Luciano Rossi (born April 16, 1961) is a playwright , actor and screenwriter born in Montreal , Quebec , Canada. He grew up in the district of Ville Emard . Graduating from Concordia University in 1985 with a B.F.A. specializing in theatre performance, Rossi has earned the respect of the national theatre community with his award-winning plays. Mr. Rossi received two consecutive Best New Play Awards at the Quebec Drama Festival in 1986 and 1987 with Little Blood Brother and Backstreets . His plays have been produced in Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa, Vancouver, New York City, Boston, Syracuse and The Stratford Festival in Ontario. In 1987 Rossi became playwright-in-residence at Montreal's prestigious Centaur Theatre , during which time he wrote his first full-length play, The Chain , which opened Centaur's 20th anniversary season in October 1988. The show was then produced at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa. Other plays include: Scarpone , In Pursuit Of A Cow , The Last Adam , (winner of the Canadian Authors Association Literary Award for Drama in 1996), Love and Other Games , Filumena (Translation), Paradise By The River . In 2006 Vittorio debuted the beginning of what may be his most ambitious work to date, a collection of three plays inspired by the life of his late father entitled A Carpenter\u2019s Trilogy . The three plays include Hellfire Pass (winner of the MECCA Award for Best New Text in 2006), Carmela\u2019s Table (winner of the MECCA Award for Best New Text in 2007), and The Carpenter . His play The Envelope had its World Premiere in March 2015, a production which he also directed. This marked his landmark 10th production at The Centaur Theatre. His latest play Legacy had its World Premiere at The Leonardo Da Vinci Centre in Montreal in June 2022, and was produced by MAGJUSJEN Entertainment, a production he also starred in.Rossi was Writer-in-Residence at Concordia University in 1990-91 where he also taught playwriting. He is also the recipient of the 1994 Premio Award given by CIBPA (Canadian Italian Business Professionals Association) in the field of Creativity for bringing honour and distinction to the Italian-Canadian community with his body of work. In 2003 Mr. Rossi taught screenwriting at the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke .As an actor, Rossi appeared as a regular as Dino Marrone on Urban Angel and as Detective Tom Celano in the award-winning French-language television series Omert\u00e1 . His film credits include performances in the CBS Emmy Award-winning Day One , and the critically acclaimed feature Malarek . Rossi was also a co-star in Le Sphinx and acted the lead in the film Canvas starring opposite Gary Busey and John Rhys-Davies. He also co-starred in the feature film The Timekeeper . In his most recent work, he appeared in The Walk directed by Robert Zemeckis. He has written several screenplays and has directed film versions of both Little Blood Brother and The Chain . His plays are published by Talonbooks .A Montreal based entertainment company founded on June 28, 2018 by Barry F. Lorenzetti and Vittorio Rossi. The name comes from the first three letters of Mr. Lorenzetti\u2019s three children, Maggie, Justin, and Jenna. Barry is the Executive Producer of the company, and Vittorio is the Artistic Director.Reid, Gregory J. (2000) \u201cWorlds Within Worlds of Vittorio Rossi.\u201d 104: 16 - 23.", ["2_909"]] [20911, "Toke Atoll or Taka Atoll ( Marshallese : T\u014dk\u0101 , [t\u02e0\u028c\u0261\u00e6] ) is a small, uninhabited coral atoll in the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands . It is one of the smaller atolls in the Marshalls and located at 11\u00b017\u2032N 169\u00b037\u2032E \ufeff / \ufeff 11.283\u00b0N 169.617\u00b0E \ufeff / 11.283; 169.617 . It is visited regularly by the residents of nearby Utirik Atoll . The atoll is 160 kilometers (100\u00a0mi) north of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Marshall Islands, and 10 kilometers (6.2\u00a0mi) southwest of Utirik Atoll . It comprises six islands with a combined land area of 0.57 square kilometers (0.22\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) and a lagoon area of 93.1 square kilometers (35.96\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). The atoll is roughly triangular in shape, its length and width approximately 9 miles (14 kilometers). The highest point is 15 feet (4.6 meters) above sea level . The small land area is the second smallest in the Marshalls, besting only Bikar . Among its islets, only Toke, Eluk, and Lojrong are large enough to support permanent vegetation. The other sand islets have shown considerable shifting in size and location over the years. Ground water sampled from the midsection of Toke islet is brackish, with chloride levels of 440 to 840 ppm (compared to 19400 ppm for sea water) With a moderately shallow lagoon and single, deep, narrow western passage through the reef, Toke and its neighbor Utirik are an intermediate atoll type between the shallow, perched lagoons of Bokak and Bikar, and the deep lagoons and many reef passages of the central Marshall atolls. Based on the results of drilling operations on Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll, in the nearby Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands, Toke may include as much as 1,400 meters (4,600\u00a0ft) of reef material atop a basalt rock base. As most local coral growth stops at about 46 meters (150\u00a0ft) below the ocean surface, such a massive stony coral base suggests a gradual isostatic subsidence of the underlying extinct volcano, which itself rises 3,000 meters (10,000\u00a0ft) from the surrounding ocean floor. Shallow water fossils taken from just above Enewetak's basalt base are dated to about 55 mya . Soils are ultimately based on storm-driven ridges of coral rubble, standing 0.61 to 1.22 meters (2 to 4\u00a0ft) high. Away from the shorelines, soils are primarily sandy. A thick layer of humus with a phosphate hardpan lies under the Pisonia forests. Toke is moderately dry, with annual precipitation in the range of 1,500\u20131,800 millimeters (60\u201370\u00a0in). Air temperature is usually near 28\u00a0\u00b0C (82\u00a0\u00b0F). The prevailing trade winds are from the northeast. Rainfall in the Marshalls is primarily influenced by the equatorial front, which expands seasonally to 11 degrees north. To the north of that zone, rainfall quickly falls off. A quarter degree further north of Toke, annual rainfall at Enewetak Atoll is 1,200 millimeters (49\u00a0in) per year. Facing the lagoon shore, about a quarter of Toke islet is planted in coconuts with a thick ground cover of Microsorum scolopendria . There is a small grove of Pisonia grandis , while the rest of the islet is covered with brushy woods of Heliotropium foertherianum , Portulaca oleracea , and Pandanus tectorius , fringed by Lepturus repens grasses, Laportea ruderalis shrubs, Boerhavia diffusa , B. tetrandra and other typical Marshallese species. There is also a tiny grove of Pisonia on Lojiron. Toke supports a healthy coral reef, with over 93 coral types identified. Evidence of green sea turtle nesting has been found on the three largest islets, and hawksbill sea turtles have been seen along the outer reef. The lagoon is home to the rare giant clam Tridacna gigas , as well as smaller giant clam varieties. The number of specimens is lower than that seen at Bokak and Bikar, perhaps because of poaching by foreign fishermen. Nineteen bird species are presently known on Toke Atoll. These include the reef heron , the migratory pectoral sandpiper and accidental examples of the spotted sandpiper and skua , for which Toke is their only sighting in Marshall Islands. Others include the resident crested tern , sooty tern , brown noddy , black noddy , white tern , black-naped tern , and the migrant wedge-tailed shearwater , red-tailed tropicbird , red-footed booby , brown booby , great frigatebird , golden plover , bristle-thighed curlew , wandering tattler , and ruddy turnstone . Although humans migrated to the Marshall Islands about 2000 years ago, there appear to be no traditional Marshallese artifacts present that would indicate any long-term settlement. The lack of potable water and tiny lot of arable land compared to nearby Utirik has discouraged settlement. The atoll is traditionally occupied for brief periods for seasonal harvesting of copra, fish, turtles, coconut crabs, and other resources. Along with the other uninhabited northern Ratak atolls of Bikar and Bokak, Toke was traditionally the hereditary property of the Ratak atoll chain Iroji Lablab . The exploitation of resources was regulated by custom, and overseen by the Iroji. The first sighting recorded by Europeans of Toke Atoll was by the Spanish navigator \u00c1lvaro de Saavedra on 29 December 1527 commanding the carrack Florida , and sailing from Zihuatanejo in New Spain . Together with Utirik , Rongelap and Ailinginae atolls they were charted as Islas de los Reyes (Islands of the Three Wise Kings in Spanish ) due to the proximity of Epiphany . A number of Western ships recorded landfall on or passage by Toke during the 1800s, but no attempt at settlement or establishment of food animals was noted, likely due to the convenience of the settlement on nearby Utirik. The Russian brig Rurik , Captain Otto von Kotzebue , visited in the summer, 1817 during a search for a north passage between western Russia and its North American territories. The German Empire annexed the Marshall Islands in 1885 and added to the protectorate of German New Guinea in 1906. Using the justification that uninhabited atolls were unclaimed, the Germans seized Toke as government property, despite the protests of the Iroji. In 1914, the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, and transferred German government properties to their own, including Toke. Like the Germans before them, the Japanese colonial administration (the South Seas Mandate ) did not attempt to exploit the atoll, and the Northern Radak Marshallese continued to hunt and fish unmolested. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsWhile en route from the US to Asia in April 1953, LST 1138, later commissioned as USS Steuben County , dropped anchor at Toke to search for rumored Japanese WWII-era stragglers . The landing party found no signs of any current occupants. Toke Atoll was within the fallout zone of the Castle Bravo nuclear test. The degree of contamination in coconuts and coconut crabs is unknown, but levels are monitored on nearby Utirik. A 1981 study of fish and invertebrates within the lagoon found that the level of radio-nucleotides in muscle tissue was within the range found in fish products imported to the US and Japanese markets. The worldwide source of seafood-borne radio-nucleotides is a result of atmospheric nuclear testing since 1945, and therefore any residual activity from the 1950s Castle series of tests contributes only a small fraction of the contamination within the lagoon's sea life. ", ["2_911"]] [20912, "Southworth Library may refer to: ", ["2_912"]] [20913, "Kevin Sundher (born January 18, 1992) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played in the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Czech Extraliga . Sundher was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres in the third round of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft . On December 15, 2011, Sundher was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Buffalo Sabres. He was assigned to their AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans for the duration of his contract.As a free agent and with little NHL interest, Sundher opted to sign a one-year contract in the ECHL with the Reading Royals on September 22, 2015. His season was ultimately shortened by a leg injury he suffered while playing for the AHL's Lehigh Valley Phantoms on a professional tryout . He signed an AHL contract with the Phantoms on August 16, 2016, but spent most of the season in Reading before being released from his contract so he could sign for the remainder of the season with HC Olomouc of the Czech Extraliga . Sundher signed an extension to remain with HC Olomouc for the 2017\u201318 season. He again made a midseason team change, being released by HC Olomouc and signing with the Sparta Warriors of the Norwegian GET-ligaen on January 15, 2018. In the off-season he opted to return to North America by signing a contract with the ECHL's Allen Americans for the 2018\u201319 season. ", ["2_913"]] [20915, "The Vale of York Hoard , also known as the Harrogate Hoard and the Vale of York Viking Hoard , is a 10th-century Viking hoard of 617 silver coins and 65 other items. It was found undisturbed in 2007 near the town of Harrogate in North Yorkshire , England . The hoard was the largest Viking one discovered in Britain since 1840, when the Cuerdale hoard was found in Lancashire , though the Anglo-Saxon Staffordshire Hoard , found in 2009, is larger. On 6 January 2007, David Whelan, a semi-retired businessman from Leeds , and his son Andrew, a surveyor , discovered the Harrogate hoard using metal detectors . The Whelans told BBC News they have been metal detecting as a hobby for about five years. They found the hoard in an empty field that had not yet been ploughed for spring sowing. Later the field was searched but no evidence of a settlement or structure was found. About 30\u00a0cm (1\u00a0ft) underneath the soil, after parts of a lead chest that had been discovered were excavated, a silver bowl fell from the side of the dig. When it was examined on the ground, coins and scraps of silver were visible. The Whelans reported the find to Amy Cooper, Finds Liaison Officer of the Portable Antiquities Scheme : this was one of the first finds reported to Cooper. The pair were commended for displaying \"exemplary behaviour in not unpacking all the objects from the bowl, but keeping the find intact.\" The Whelans also made note of the exact location of the find before filling in the hole. This proved to be a valuable step as rains washed away evidence of the find when archaeologists returned only four days later. The hoard was transferred to the British Museum , where conservators excavated each find to preserve the objects and \"contextual information.\" The discovery was announced on 19 July 2007. The British Museum press release stated, \"The size and quality of the hoard is remarkable, making it the most important find of its type in Britain for over 150 years,\" and also said, \"The find is of global importance, as well as having huge significance for the history of North Yorkshire\". The hoard consists of 617 silver coins and 65 other items, including ornaments, ingots and precious metal . These items were hidden in a gilt silver vessel lined with gold (variously identified as a cup, bowl, or pot) which is thought to possibly be an ecclesiastical vessel from Northern France either plundered or given as tribute . Vines, leaves, and six running animals (two lions and four beasts of prey) decorate the cup. The cup is so closely paralleled by the Halton Moor cup, conserved in the British Museum, that both must be from the same Carolingian workshop and were produced in the mid-ninth century. The vessel was buried in a lead chest . A rare gold arm ring (possibly from Ireland ), and hacksilver (fragments of cut metal sometimes used as currency ) were also found. Reports indicate that the coins bear Islamic , Christian , and pre-Christian Norse pagan symbols: \"some of the coins mixed Christian and pagan imagery , shedding light on the beliefs of newly- Christianized Vikings .\" The hoard had been protected by lead sheeting of some kind. The coins date from the late 9th and early 10th centuries, providing a terminus post quem for dating the hoard. The first theory as to a likely 10th-century occasion for such a careful burying was that it had belonged to a wealthy Viking leader during the unrest that followed the conquest of the Viking kingdom of Northumbria in the year 927 by the Anglo-Saxon king of a unified England, Athelstan (924\u2013939). Another brief period of Viking rule in Northumbria also followed Athelstan's death in 939; it lasted until the expulsion and murder of the Viking king of J\u00f3rv\u00edk (modern-day York ), Eric Bloodaxe , in 954.The hoard included objects from many diverse locations, including Samarkand in present-day Uzbekistan , North Africa , Afghanistan , Russia , Ireland , Scandinavia , and continental Europe , \"illustrating the breadth of the Vikings' travels and trade connections.\" Gareth Williams, curator of early medieval coins at the British Museum, examined the artifacts.At a court hearing in Harrogate on 19 July 2007, the hoard was classified as a Treasure by North Yorkshire coroner Geoff Fell under the Treasure Act 1996 , which requires the find to be offered for sale to museums, with the proceeds divided by agreement between the discoverers and the landowner. The find was valued by the Independent Treasure Valuation Committee for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport .The independent Treasure Valuation Committee valued the hoard at \u00a31,082,000. The hoard was purchased jointly by York Museums Trust , and the British Museum with funding from the National Heritage Memorial Fund , The Art Fund and The British Museum Friends . From 17 September 2009 items from the hoard were on display in the Yorkshire Museum , York, for a period of six weeks before the museum closed for refurbishment in November 2009. The hoard was then taken to the British Museum for further conservation work and was returned to the Yorkshire Museum for its reopening following a major refurbishment on 1 August 2010 ( Yorkshire Day ). In 2012 it formed part of a temporary exhibition at Harrogate's Mercer Gallery before touring to Copenhagen, Berlin and London. The hoard was used in the British Museum 's Vikings exhibition from 6 March to 22 June 2014, the first at the British Museum in 30 years. The hoard was redisplayed in the Yorkshire Museum in 2015. From 2017 it formed part of a touring exhibition titled 'Viking: Rediscover the Legend' and is displayed alongside the Bedale Hoard and the Cuerdale Hoard , with the tour starting at the Yorkshire Museum and subsequently including Atkinson Art Gallery and Library in Southport, Aberdeen Art Gallery , Norwich Castle Museum , and the University of Nottingham . Media related to Vale of York Hoard at Wikimedia Commons53\u00b059\u203231\u2033N 1\u00b031\u203237\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 53.992\u00b0N 1.527\u00b0W \ufeff / 53.992; -1.527", ["2_915"]] [20916, "Grand Rapids is a town in Manitoba , Canada, on the northwestern shore of Lake Winnipeg where the Saskatchewan River enters the lake. As the name implies, the river had a significant drop at this point (more than 75\u00a0ft (23\u00a0m) in less than 3\u00a0mi (4.8\u00a0km)). In modern days, a large hydroelectric plant has been built there. Cedar Lake , a short distance upriver, provides a natural water source for the plant. Provincial Trunk Highway 6 , the region's primary roadway, crosses the Saskatchewan River at the Grand Rapids Bridge. Grand Rapids was on the main canoe route toward the West, where Fort Bourbon once stood. It is also across the river from the Misipawistik Cree Nation .In 1894 fire destroyed a number of buildings in the Grand Rapids docks. The steamboat Colvile also caught fire and was destroyed. The first Fort Bourbon was built here in 1741 but was soon moved. Grand Rapids was the only significant obstacle on the Saskatchewan-North Saskatchewan between the Rocky Mountains and Lake Winnipeg. Going downstream the rapids were usually run demi-charg\u00e9 using the south channel. Upstream the boats were pulled by towlines. In the 1780s the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) began to use York boats on the river. A log road was constructed so that these large boats could be hauled on rollers. Here in June 1819, in retaliation for the Battle of Seven Oaks HBC governor William Williams captured a number of North West Company men. The next year the Nor'Westers captured some HBC men at the same spot. See Pemmican War In the 1870s the railroad reached Lake Winnipeg and steamboats appeared on the lake and river. In 1877 a 4.8-kilometre-long (3\u00a0mi) narrow-gauge railway using horse-drawn tramcars was built around the rapids. The spread of railways made the tramway obsolete and the HBC closed it in 1909. It was used for tourist excursions for the next forty years. By the 1980s remains were still visible and parts of the trail were still in use.From 1882 to 1905, Grand Rapids was located in the District of Saskatchewan , a subdivision of the North-West Territories (NWT). After Saskatchewan was established as province in 1905, the portion of the old district east of the new provincial border, including Grand Rapids, became part of the Keewatin District of the NWT. In 1912, Grand Rapids became part of Manitoba because of the Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act .In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Grand Rapids had a population of 213 living in 92 of its 150 total private dwellings, a change of -20.5% from its 2016 population of 268. With a land area of 74.27\u00a0km 2 (28.68\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), it had a population density of 2.9/km 2 (7.4/sq\u00a0mi) in 2021. Grand Rapids has a humid continental climate ( Koppen : Dfb) with vast seasonal differences. Summers are warm with occasional heat waves, although moderated by its relatively high latitude and proximity to the lake areas of Manitoba, resulting in seasonal lag in spring. In winter any moderation is eliminated because of lake freezing and its vast distance to oceans. As a result, winters are cold to severely cold. January has colder than \u221218\u00a0\u00b0C (0\u00a0\u00b0F) daily means.", ["2_916"]] [20917, "Lepanto was an Azio -class minelayer of the Italian Navy . She was reclassified as gunboat in 1934 and remained in Italian service in the far east from 1933 to 1943, when she was scuttled in China , during World War II . She was then recovered by the Imperial Japanese Navy and taken into service as Okitsu , spending the remainder of the war escorting convoys. She was surrendered to the Republic of China after the end of the war and served for a further ten years with its navy as the Hsien Ning . After remaining inactive at the Italian naval base in Tianjin since 1940, Lepanto was scuttled at her moorings by her own crew on 9 September 1943, after Italy's surrender to the Allies . On 8 November 1943, Lepanto was refloated by Naval 1st Construction Department ( \u6d77\u8ecd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u90e8 , Kaigun Dai-1 K\u014dsaku-Bu ) of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). By 1 March 1944 repairs were completed, and she was registered in the IJN, and renamed Okitsu . She was sent to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to have her armament fitted, which was finished by 14 May.Starting 5 June, she started escorting convoys in the Shanghai area. She was fitted with radar at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal in April the following year. On 17 July 1945, she shot down three North American P-51 Mustangs and one North American B-25 Mitchell at Shanghai.On 15 September 1945, her crew surrendered to the Republic of China , being decommissioned on 30 September.In 1946, the vessel was renamed Hsien Ning ( \u54b8\u5be7 ). Her known career in the Republic of China Navy from that point was fairly uneventful, except for the capture of a British merchant ship in July 1950. Some time in 1956, she was decommissioned.", ["2_917"]] [20918, "The Glasgow Flyer was a branded airport bus service in Glasgow , Scotland . It connected Glasgow Airport to central Glasgow , operating as a shuttle bus via the M8 motorway . In Glasgow city centre it operated from the Buchanan bus station , also calling at Glasgow's two mainline railway termini. It was formerly operated under contract to airport operator BAA until 31 December 2010, but the ongoing contract to operate the service was given to First Glasgow from 1 January 2011 and operated as a scheduled Arriva service. The Glasgow Flyer service was discontinued on 31 July 2011. The original bus service to Glasgow Airport was route 905, which was operated by Fairline Coaches under contract to Scottish Citylink , and ran a similar route. Arriva also ran extra buses on this route. All buses were in the Scottish Citylink yellow and blue colours, although the timetable stated buses in Fairline's livery may be used on the service at times. In February 2007, the 905 was re-launched with increased frequency and a new livery. The Glasgow Flyer was announced on 1 June 2007, with a start date of 9 July, and subsequently route 905 was withdrawn. Fairline Coaches instead started a competing independently run service, Glasgow Airport Link , using route number 905. In July 2008, Fairline Coaches sold its Glasgow City Centre - Glasgow Airport route 905 to First Glasgow; this service no longer runs.In late 2009, two of the vehicles used on the service were painted in Arriva's standard livery, to be used on other routes, mainly the X23 run in competition with McGill's Bus Services . In January 2010 the service ceased to be operated under contract to BAA as the tender was awarded to First Glasgow to continue the BAA branded airport express service under the new name Glasgow Shuttle. However, Arriva continued to operate the Glasgow Flyer in competition with the official provider without BAA support, albeit with a revised livery.In 2011, Arriva announced the Glasgow Flyer would terminate service on 31 July 2011, citing a lack of access to the Public Transport Zone at Glasgow International Airport . Arriva invested \u00a31.5 million on 11 new buses for the service. The vehicles are Volvo B7RLE / Wright Eclipses , in a lime green, black and white livery. Each vehicle emits 13% less carbon emissions than the previous buses used on the service. They were expected in service in November 2007, but the first was launched on 4 December 2007 at Glasgow Airport. Between the new buses arriving and service starting, a fleet of Plaxton Centros was used, alongside conventional Arriva buses with branding for the service. The Centros are now on standard Arriva routes. An Optare MetroRider had been painted into the Glasgow Flyer livery for staff transport duties. The service operated at 24-hour service, 7 days a week and all year, with prices lower than the equivalent taxi fare. The service ran every 10 minutes at daytime. Each vehicle had WiFi equipment fitted, offered to passengers free of charge, enabling them to access the internet as they traveled.The vehicles had leather seats, and each had a 3-tier luggage rack. Each bus also had a journey information system, which announced the bus stop the vehicle was due to arrive at shortly before it arrived. It also notified of train and subway stations, hotels and shopping streets.The bus followed a different route in each direction in Glasgow City Centre, due to the one-way traffic system there. The service took approximately 20 minutes in either direction. ", ["2_918"]] [20919, "The White Mountains of California and Nevada are a triangular fault-block mountain range facing the Sierra Nevada across the upper Owens Valley . They extend for approximately 60\u00a0mi (97\u00a0km) as a greatly elevated plateau about 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km) wide on the south, narrowing to a point at the north, with elevations generally increasing south to north. The range's broad southern end is near the community of Big Pine , where Westgard Pass and Deep Springs Valley separate it from the Inyo Mountains . The narrow northern end is at Montgomery Pass , where U.S. Route 6 crosses. The Fish Lake Valley lies east of the range; the southeast part of the mountains are separated from the Silver Peak Range by block faulting across the Furnace Creek Fault Zone , forming a feeder valley to Fish Lake Valley. The range lies within the eastern section of the Inyo National Forest . Ecologically, the White Mountains are like the other ranges in the Basin and Range Province ; they are dry, but the upper slopes from 9,200 to 11,500\u00a0ft (2,800 to 3,500\u00a0m) hold open subalpine forests of Great Basin bristlecone pine on permeable dolomite and certain granite substrates and limber pine on less permeable rocky substrates. Middle slopes from 6,500 to 8,200\u00a0ft (2,000 to 2,500\u00a0m) have somewhat denser stands of pi\u00f1on pine and Utah juniper . These upper and lower conifer zones are often separated by a zone of mountain mahogany brush. Various subspecies of sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ) extend from surrounding valleys to the lower alpine zone .A bristlecone pine , named Methuselah , located within the mountain range is the oldest known, verified living tree in the world, at 4,856 years old. Pine nuts from pi\u00f1on pine stands were harvested as a winter staple food by Paiute Indians whose descendants still live in adjacent valleys.The White Mountains also have small remnant groves of lodgepole pine , Jeffrey pine , ponderosa pine , Sierra juniper and aspen including an unusual dwarf variety. These species are common in the nearby and wetter Sierra Nevada range west of the Owens Valley and must have been more widespread in the White Mountains until Holocene droughts extirpated them in most of this drier range. A number of plant species are endemic to the White Mountains, including the White Mountains horkelia, Horkelia hispidula .Fauna include two herds of bighorn sheep , mule deer , marmots and feral horses . Permanent streams have no native fish, but there are naturalized populations of trout including rare Paiute cutthroat trout which is protected from angling. Birds include Clark's nutcracker and other Corvidae which eat and cache pine nuts.Cattle from ranches in surrounding valleys are still grazed under permit as high as the alpine zone . Historically sheep were also grazed in large numbers, introducing diseases from which the native Bighorn Sheep populations are still slowly recovering. Before European colonization of surrounding valleys in the mid 19th century, Paiute Indians occupied summer hunting camps up to about 13,100\u00a0ft (4,000\u00a0m), leaving ruins of archeological interest.The highest point in the range is White Mountain Peak , which at 14,252\u00a0ft (4,344\u00a0m) is the third-highest summit in California. This peak is actually an extinct volcano rising about 1,600\u00a0ft (490\u00a0m) above the plateau surface. The summit is composed of Mesozoic metavolcanic rock \u2013 lava lifted and melted by rising granite. The volcano itself is long since gone.\nThe White Mountains are the highest range completely inside the Great Basin , although the adjacent Sierra Nevada Range along the basin's western edge has two higher summits.\nThe entire range is within the Inyo National Forest .Mount Barcroft is a mountain peak about 3.5 miles (5.6\u00a0km) south of White Mountain Peak .A four-wheel drive road reaches the summit of White Mountain Peak from the south to service the summit laboratory of the White Mountain Research Center . The road is normally gated seven miles from the summit at an elevation of 11,680\u00a0ft (3,560\u00a0m), making this California's easiest 14,000\u00a0ft (4,300\u00a0m) summit.North of White Mountain Peak, two sharp ar\u00eates alternate along the crest with the broad \"whalebacks\" plateau of Pellisier Flats with about six more summits over 13,000\u00a0ft (4,000\u00a0m). Pellisier Flats is a wide sloping bench at the 13000 foot level with rocky fields and short alpine vegetation. The bench includes Mt. Hogue at 12,743\u00a0ft. and further north Mt. Dubois at 13,559\u00a0ft., the high point on the plateau. Pellisier Flats is the broad spine of the White Mountains. The crest crosses the California\u2013Nevada state line just south of a final high summit at Boundary Peak 13,147\u00a0ft (4,007\u00a0m), Nevada's high point. Boundary Peak is the \"prow\" of the triangular fault block. It has views directly down into valleys to the west, north and east that are hidden by the increasing width of the high plateau to the south. North of Boundary Peak the range rapidly loses altitude and ends at Montgomery Pass.The west face of the White Mountains rises steeply out of Owens Valley. Climbing to any summit from this direction is a scramble with about 8,000\u00a0ft (2,400\u00a0m) elevation gain. Eastern slopes are somewhat gentler and have numerous cirques left by Pleistocene glaciers and even a few snowfields persisting through most summers. Most of these cirques are entered or approached by jeep roads and offer scenic yet non-technical routes to the crest.", ["2_919"]] [20920, "The Crewe and Nantwich Circular Walk is a 29-mile (47\u00a0km) long-distance walkers' path in the Cheshire East area of Cheshire , England. As the name suggests, the walk forms a circuit around the towns of Crewe and Nantwich . It is one of two circular walks in the county of Cheshire, the other being the Vale Royal Round . The walk is waymarked with a circle with symbols of a leaf, cartwheel and crossed swords. Although mainly on level terrain, the many stiles make the walk unsuitable for people with mobility problems.The walk is divided into three sections, with sights of interest as follows:10 miles (16\u00a0km)10.5 miles (17\u00a0km)8.5 miles (14\u00a0km)", ["2_920"]] [20921, "Vesuvius National Park ( Italian : Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio ) is an Italian national park centered on the active volcano Vesuvius , southeast from Naples . The park was founded on June 5, 1995, and covers an area of around 135 square kilometers all located within the Province of Naples . It is centered on the active volcano and its most ancient (now inactive) crater, Monte Somma. It houses 612 vegetable species and 227 wildlife ones.This Campanian location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article related to a protected area in Europe is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_921"]] [20922, "LG Optimus L7 is a touchscreen Android smartphone designed and manufactured by LG Electronics . First announced at the Mobile World Congress in March 2012, it is available since July. The Optimus L7 runs Android 4.1.2 Jelly bean . LG Optimus L7 has a 4.3-inch IPS LCD display with 480\u00d7800 pixel resolution. It has a Corning Gorilla Glass protection and has capability of multitouch.", ["2_922"]] [20923, "Mossyrock Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Cowlitz River near Mossyrock in Lewis County , Washington , United States. The reservoir created by the dam is called Riffe Lake . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric production while flood control is a secondary function. The dam is the tallest in Washington state and its hydroelectric power station supplies 40% of Tacoma Power 's electricity. Planning for the Mossyrock Dam began in the 1940s but opposition from local fishers and Washington State's Fish and Wildlife Department delayed construction. During World War II , the city of Tacoma, Washington , purchased its electricity from the Bonneville Power Administration and from Seattle , with costs of up to $1 million/year. To generate its own electricity, Tacoma City Light (now Tacoma Power) built several dams, including the Mossyrock Dam. Plans for the Mossyrock Dam were announced in 1948 but met stiff opposition. The Washington State Legislature enacted a fish sanctuary on the Cowlitz River that initially blocked the project. Tacoma City sued, with its suit being raised to the US Supreme Court a total of three times. After that, construction of the dam was approved. Construction began in 1965 and ended in 1968. On October 13, 1968, the dam's power plant generated its first electricity. Several towns were forced to evacuate ahead of the rising dam waters including Riffe, Nesika , and Kosmos . Tacoma City Light originally proposed naming the facility the \"Homer T. Bone Dam\", in honor of Senator Homer Bone of Tacoma. The community was first known as Baugh when the town was located 2.5 miles (4.0\u00a0km) farther up the Cowlitz River. Eventually moved to the area which was flooded due to the dam, it was renamed in honor of Floyd Riffe approximately in 1897. The Mossyrock Dam's power plant contains two Francis turbine hydroelectric generators , Unit #51 is rated at 210MW and Unit #52 at 185mw. MW , or 395 MW total capacity. They are fed by two of the three installed penstocks ranging from 248 \u2013 285 feet in overall length. [ citation needed ] The third penstock is presently unused, awaiting possible future installation of a third turbine. In 2006, GE Energy was selected to upgrade the two units. [ citation needed ] The $50 million project included replacing the turbines , stators , wicket gates and transformers . GE sold off their rebuild contract to Andritz AG removing themselves from their contract. Hydro Installation of the first generator began in 2008; it began operation in 2009. Replacement of the second generator was completed in late 2010. The power plant upgrade increased the total capacity by 70 MW, with an expected overall energy conversion efficiency of near 95 percent. ", ["2_923"]] [20925, "Wariri ( Aymara wari vicu\u00f1a , -(i)ri a suffix , Hispanicized spelling Huarire , also Huairire ) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru , about 4,800 metres (15,748\u00a0ft) high. It is located in the Tacna Region , Tarata Province , Susapaya District . Wariri lies between the lake Wilaquta in the north and \u00d1iq'i Quta (\"mud lake\") in the south. This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_925"]] [20927, "The Adam and Johanna Feldman House , located in the greater Portland , Oregon , area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It is located in an unincorporated part of Washington County , in the Garden Home\u2013Whitford area. ", ["2_927"]] [20928, "Keeler Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania , in the United States. It is approximately 2.0 miles (3.2\u00a0km) long and flows through Falls Township . The watershed of the creek has an area of 1.86 square miles (4.8\u00a0km 2 ). The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody. Its drainage basin is a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. Keeler Creek begins in a valley in Falls Township. It flows southwest for a few tenths of a mile before turning west-southwest. After a few tenths of a mile, the creek's valley narrows and it turns southwest for a few tenths of a mile. It then leaves its valley and turns south for a few tenths of a mile before turning southwest. A few tenths of a mile further downstream, the creek reaches its confluence with the Susquehanna River. Keeler Creek joins the Susquehanna River 206.56 miles (332.43\u00a0km) upriver of its mouth. Keeler Creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody. The elevation near the mouth of Keeler Creek is 554 feet (169\u00a0m) above sea level . The elevation of the creek's source is between 980 and 1,000 feet (299 and 305\u00a0m) above sea level. The surficial geology in the vicinity of the lower reaches of Keeler Creek mainly consist of alluvium (containing stratified sand , silt , and gravel ), Wisconsinan Outwash , and sand and gravel pits with steep sides that can be dozens of feet deep. Further upstream, the surficial geology mainly consists of a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till. However, a small patch of alluvium is also present in this reach. Keeler Creek is a small stream that in 1827 was described as being able to support mills . The watershed of Keeler Creek has an area of 1.86 square miles (4.8\u00a0km 2 ). The stream is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Ransom. Its designated use is for aquatic life . Most of the creek's watershed is in Falls Township, Wyoming County. However, part of the watershed is in Newton Township, Lackawanna County . Major roads in the watershed of Keeler Creek include State Route 2013 and State Route 2029. Keeler Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1198964. The North Branch Canal historically had an aqueduct that crossed Keeler Creek. It was 34 feet (10\u00a0m) long and had two spans. The drainage basin of Keeler Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. ", ["2_928"]] [20929, "Saeed Mortazavi ( Persian : \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0648\u06cc , born 26 November 1967 ) is an Iranian conservative politician, former judge and former prosecutor . He was the prosecutor of the Islamic Revolutionary Court , and Prosecutor General of Tehran , a position he held from 2003 to 2009. He has been called as \"butcher of the press\" and a \"torturer of Tehran\" by some observers. Mortazavi has been accused of the torture and death in custody of Iranian- Canadian photographer Zahra Kazemi by the Canadian government and was named by 2010 Iranian parliamentary report as the man responsible for the abuse of dozens and death of three political prisoners at Kahrizak detention center in 2009. He was put on trial in February 2013 after a parliamentary committee blamed him for the torture and deaths of at least three detainees who participated in the protests against President Mahmud Ahmadinejad 's reelection. On 15 November 2014, he was banned from all political and legal positions for life. Before his prosecutorial appointment, Mortazavi was a judge.On 18 May 2003, he became prosecutor general of Tehran , a position he held until 29 August 2009. The post had been unfilled for eight years since Iran abolished prosecutors in 1995. In the intervening years, judges performed the prosecutor's role. Mortazavi is notable for his involvement in the case of Zahra Kazemi , an Iranian - Canadian photographer who died in the custody of Iranian officials in 2003. As a judge, Mortazevi was involved in some unknown capacity in Kazemi's interrogation. He was later assigned to investigate the disputed circumstances of her death. However, it was subsequently reported that Mortazevi had decided to let a military court perform the investigation. In late 2003, the Iranian Parliament issued a report accusing Mortazavi of trying to cover up Kazemi's death and forcing witnesses to the event to change their stories. Murtazevi strongly denied the accusations, although the government of Canada continues to claim that not only did Mortazavi order Kazemi's arrest, but he also supervised her torture and was present when she was killed. Mortazavi is often portrayed in the Western media as a symbol of problems within the judicial system of Iran . It has been reported that Iranians call him the \"butcher of the press\". As a judge, he shut down 60 pro-reform newspapers. In 2004 he was behind the detention of more than 20 bloggers and journalists who were held for long periods and forced to sign \"confessions\" of their \"illicit activities\". In 2005, journalists reported receiving death threats after testifying about their alleged torture at the command of Mortazevi. In a press conference, Mortazevi denied the journalists had been mistreated. At the same time, in state custody. Also in 2005, Murtazevi ordered Iran's major ISPs to block access to Orkut and other blogging and social networking websites. On 15 February 2008, it was announced that Mortazavi had banned five Iranian websites that comment on politics and current events. Mortazevi said they were \"poisoning the electoral sphere\" before Iran's mid-March parliamentary elections. In 2006, Mortazavi was sent to Geneva as part of the Iranian delegation to the United Nations Human Rights Council , a decision that was met with some criticism at home and abroad due to Mortazavi's controversial human rights record. Human Rights Watch urged Iran to remove him from the delegation and other countries to decline to meet with the Iranian delegation until his removal. Mortazevi's first official meeting was with the also-controversial Zimbabwe a minister of justice Patrick Chinamasa . Mortazavi took advantage of his position on the delegation to advocate the right of access to high technology, including nuclear power, for all nations. He also warned the council that it should avoid being manipulated into doing the bidding of powerful states and that it should investigate human rights abuses perpetrated by Western powers, notably human rights abuses in the War on Terror , extraordinary rendition , Islamophobia , criticism of the Islamic dress code and veil , and the suppression of the freedom of speech of Holocaust deniers . In 2009, it was reported that Mortazavi had detained students due to a protest against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 's government; the students alleged abuse while in jail. He has been involved in more contentious cases since then as well. Mortazavi was a prosecutor on the cases of Roxana Saberi , an American-Iranian journalist accused of spying, and Iranian-Canadian blogger Hossein Derakhshan , whose posts were critical of the establishment. During the 2009 election dispute across Iran, Mortazavi actively suppressed the demonstrations. He has signed arrest warrants for reformers, such as Saeed Hajjarian , and is believed to be instrumental in the more than 600 arrests nationwide. In early 2010 the Iranian parliament released a report identifying Saeed Mortazavi as \"the main culprit in the scandal\" over the Kahrizak detention center . The report stated that 147 prisoners arrested for participating in demonstrations against irregularities in the 2009 election of President Ahmadinejad had been \"held in a 70-square-meter room for four days without proper ventilation, heating and food on Mortazavi's orders\". Three of the inmates died, including Mohsen Rouhalamini , the son of a \"distinguished government scientist.\" Mortazavi maintained that the prisoners had \"died from meningitis\" and that \"inoculation kits had been sent to detention centers\" to prevent the condition from spreading. This claim was dismissed by an examining doctor, Ramin Pourandarjani , who refused to certify it as the cause of death until he was arrested and forced to do so. Pourandarjani later died mysteriously after being charged with failing to treat the prisoners properly. The report rejected Mortazavi's claim. The report, however, also \"strongly rejected\" reports that rape or sexual assault had occurred in prison. Opposition websites have reported rapes at the prison, including the rape of a pro-government photographer, Saeed Sadeghi, which allegedly led to the prison's closing. Sadeghi is said to have been accidentally swept up in the mass arrests and held at Kahrizak, after which he complained to Supreme Leader Khamenei of his treatment. Khamenei later closed the prison. On 31 August 2009, Mortazavi was demoted to deputy prosecutor-general \u2013 \"one of six deputies for prosecutor-general Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i \" \u2013 by the new judiciary chief Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani . Do observers disagree over whether the post was a promotion to \"deputy to the nation's top prosecutor,\" with \"a fancy title and protection from future legal action,\" or \"a demotion\" that strips him of powers he had enjoyed, such as the ability to order an arrest or halt to political activities. Saeed Mortazavi is facing a potential investigation into his conduct of post-vote trials. [ citation needed ]In 2010 Mortazavi was appointed head of Iran's Task Force Against Smuggling, shortly after he was discredited by the release of a report by the Iranian parliament naming him as the man largely responsible for the abuse of political prisoners committed in July 2009 by state security forces at the Kahrizak detention center . Some saw the appointment as an example of President Ahmadinejad 's loyalty to his \"dwindling\" band of core supporters. Mortazavi was \"head of Iran's Social Security Organization\", a presidentially-appointed post. In January 2013, Iran's parliament successfully \"lobbied to have him removed\" from this position, but following that, Ahmadinejad reappointed him as head of the organization in a \"caretaker role\". In late August 2010, Saeed Mortazavi and two judges were suspended from office after a judicial investigation into the deaths of three men from torture detained on his orders following the controversial June 2009 presidential election. This stripped him of his immunity as a member of the judiciary. On 5 February 2013 a statement posted on the Tehran prosecutor's website announced Mortazavi's arrest. Two days later he was released. No explanation was given for the detention or his release at the time. The trial of Mortazavi and two co-defendants began on 26 February 2013. Charges against Mortazavi and his former deputy Ali Akbar Heydarifar and former Judge Hassan Zare Dehnavi include unlawful arrest, filing a false report, and assisting in the filing of a false report. \"There are conflicting reports on whether the three also face murder charges.\" On the opening day of proceedings, the presiding Judge\u2014Siamak Modir Khorasani\u2014announced the trial would be held behind closed doors. The lack of transparency in the trial has been criticized by Shirin Ebadi and others. According to Ebadi,The accused in this case, particularly former prosecutor Said Mortazavi, received direct orders from officials above him \u2013 including the Leader . Therefore, [the authorities] would never dare publicly put him on trial. According to journalists Golnaz Esfandiari and Mohammad Zarghami and other sources, the trial is \"widely seen as an indirect move against Ahmadinejad\", since he had \"used Mortazavi to bring corruption charges against his political rivals\" in the past. The arrest came a day after Ahmadinejad \"released a secret video in parliament where Mortazavi allegedly discussed a fraudulent business deal, implicating Iran's highly influential Larijani family\". ", ["2_929"]] [20931, "Pozna\u0144 Staro\u0142\u0119ka railway station is a railway station serving Staro\u0142\u0119ka in the city of Pozna\u0144 , in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , Poland . The station is located on the Kluczbork\u2013Pozna\u0144 railway and Swarz\u0119dz-Pozna\u0144 Staro\u0142\u0119ka railway . The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne . The station was known as Posen Luisenhain during German control.On 15 September 1943 there two trains collided at the station.During 2015 and 2016 the platform and tracks around the station were modernised and replaced.The station is served by the following service(s):", ["2_931"]] [20932, "Alfonso P\u00e9rez de Vivero ( Valladolid , 1603 \u2013 Cambrai , 21 November 1661), Count of Fuensalda\u00f1a , was a Spanish soldier, nobleman and officeholder. In 1632, when in his late twenties, he went to Flanders with a commission as captain of a company in the Army of Flanders . In 1635 he became governor of the citadel of Cambrai, and in 1636 maestre de campo . He was general of artillery on the French front in 1640\u20131641, general of cavalry on the Dutch front in 1643, general of infantry on the French front 1644\u20131646, and governor of arms (second-in-command of the whole army) 1648\u20131656. He was Governor of Milan from 1656 to 1660. In 1660 he retired from public life, withdrawing to Cambrai, where he died.", ["2_932"]] [20933, "37\u00b026\u20323.17\u2033N 127\u00b01\u203211.91\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 37.4342139\u00b0N 127.0199750\u00b0E \ufeff / 37.4342139; 127.0199750 Seoul Land ( Korean : \uc11c\uc6b8\ub79c\ub4dc ) is an amusement park opened in 1988, in Gwacheon , a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea . It is located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. It opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics . It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland , but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown. Approximately 3\u20133.5 million people visit the park each a year. Roughly a third of its 300,000 m 2 is green space , the rest being packed with attractions. Seoul Land, Seoul Grand Park, and the main branch of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art are all located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. Visitors may buy general admission tickets or one-day unlimited passes. General admission allows free entry to most rides. The unlimited passes allow almost all rides to be taken for free, but exhibitions, performances, and certain other attractions have additional charges despite the unlimited pass. Children aged 2 and under are allowed in for free. Prices for other ages are as follows: Seoul Land has five themed areas containing rides, arcades, obstacle courses, and other attractions. Many of the rides are themed with popular animation characters, such as Larva . Seoul Land hosts a variety of temporary exhibits. These have included:", ["2_933"]] [20935, "Nancy A. Thornberry is the founding CEO and current chair, R&D at Kallyope Inc. in New York City. She previously worked with Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), joining the company in 1979 as a biochemist and retiring from the position of senior vice president and franchise head, diabetes and endocrinology in 2013. In 1992, Thornberry identified the first caspase , Caspase-1/Interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE). In 1999, Thornberry initiated Merck's research into dipeptidyl peptidase-4 , leading to the development of FDA-approved treatments for Type 2 diabetes . \nShe has received a number of awards, including the 2011 PhRMA Discoverer\u2019s Award. Thornberry grew up in South Bend, Indiana . As of 1979, she earned a B.Sc. in Natural Science from Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania . Thornberry joined Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) in Rahway, New Jersey , as a biochemist in 1979. In 1999 she was appointed the director of enzymology, and in 2001 the director of metabolic disorders, with further promotions in 2007, 2009 and 2011. While an independent consultant to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, Thornberry joined the boards of directors of Intarcia Therapeutics and Abide Therapeutics She subsequently joined the boards of directors of Schrodinger Therapeutics in 2019 and Denali Therapeutics in 2021. As of November 1, 2015, Thornberry became CEO of Kallyope Inc. in New York City. In October, 2021, Thornberry assumed the post of Chair, R&D while also maintaining her seat on the company\u2019s Board of Directors (succeeded by colleague from Merck, Jay Galeota, who became CEO of Kallyope.) In 2022, she joined the board of the New York Genome Center . Thornberry's research areas include obesity , diabetes and protease biology . Her work has led to the development of drug candidates including FDA-approved treatments for Type 2 diabetes . Thornberry was involved in early enzymology research on Lisinopril , an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension . Thornberry also helped to identify Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 ( NPC1L1 ) as the target of ezetimibe , an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. In 1992, her work on proteases led to the identification of the first caspase , caspase-1/Interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE). She determined that ICE was the cysteine protease responsible for IL-1\u03b2 processing in monocytes . Thornberry also developed a novel method for analyzing protease specificities in combinatorial libraries of positional scanning substrates. Her work has led to the broader study of proteases in apoptosis . Beginning in 1999, Thornberry led the biology team for the development of Januvia\u2122 (generic: sitagliptin ), a once-a-day oral medication that inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme and improves glucose tolerance to treat Type 2 diabetes . Ann E. Weber led the corresponding chemistry team for the project. The drug was approved by the FDA in October 2006. Janumet\u2122, a drug combining sitagliptin and metformin was also approved, in April 2007. In 2007, the research team at Merck received the Prix Galien USA award for their work on Januvia\u2122. The Januvia\u2122 project was the first project at Merck to be co-led solely by women and the first project co-led solely by women to win the Discoverers Award. \"Discovering an important new medicine is the goal of every person who works in pharmaceutical research. Until it actually happens, though, there is no way to know how absolutely thrilling it is, and how incredibly and deeply satisfying it feels.\" At Kallyope Inc., drug discovery focuses on the study of hormonal and neural communication between the gut and the brain to better understand and improve health and nutrition. Kallyope currently has two programs in clinical trials, one targeting metabolic circuits for diabetes and obesity, while the other targets gut barrier function with potential relevance for inflammatory bowel disease and several other diseases. The company also has programs aimed at gastrointestinal, CNS and inflammatory disorders. Thornberry also serves on the Boards of Directors of Kallyope Inc, Schrodinger Therapeutics, which employs computational biology for the identification of small molecules therapeutics, and Denali Therapeutics, a biotechnology company focused on neurodegeneration . She is also on the board of the New York Genome Center , and a member of the NYC Mayor\u2019s Life Science Advisory Council. ", ["2_935"]] [20936, "Mid-State Regional Airport ( ICAO : KPSB , FAA LID : PSB ) (Mid-State Airport) is a small airport in Rush Township , Centre County in Pennsylvania , between Black Moshannon State Park to the east and Moshannon State Forest . The airport is 9 miles (14\u00a0km) east of Philipsburg , 5 miles (8.0\u00a0km) from U.S. Route 322 and 10 miles (16\u00a0km) from Interstate 80 . \"Black Moshannon Airport\" was built on land taken from Black Moshannon State Park and Moshannon State Forest just before the Second World War, and was operational by 1942, hosting a Civil Air Patrol training exercise for nearly 300 planes on May 30, 1942. It was renamed \"Mid-State Airport\" in 1962. The March 1951 diagram shows the 163/343 runway 3400 feet long and the 056/236 runway 3000 feet. In May 1962 both runways were 5000 feet; in September 1968 16/34 was 5710 feet.In 1949-53 All American Airways DC-3s stopped at Albert airport north of Philipsburg 40\u00b058\u203218\u2033N 78\u00b014\u203235\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 40.9717\u00b0N 78.243\u00b0W \ufeff / 40.9717; -78.243 . Allegheny Airlines moved to PSB in 1953\u201354; Allegheny Commuter took over from 1973 to 1981. The airport is 20 miles (32\u00a0km) from State College and Pennsylvania State University ; over 75% of the passengers were from the State College and Bellefonte area. In 1978 Allegheny Commuter began shifting to University Park Airport , owned by Penn State; Mid-State Regional Airport now has no scheduled airline. In 2008 the name is \"Mid-State Regional Airport\" and it has been designated a Keystone Opportunity Zone (KOZ). The KOZ portion of the airport is on 484 acres (1.96\u00a0km 2 ) to encourage business growth and is designated a KOZ through December 31, 2010. However, there are limitations in state law that prohibit any further development on park or forest lands. Mid-State Airport covers 500 acres (2.0\u00a0km 2 ) and has two asphalt runways: 16/34 is 5,711 x 100\u00a0ft (1,741 x 30 m) and 6/24 is 5,006 x 100\u00a0ft (1,526 x 30 m). In the year ending June 30, 2007 the airport had 2,550 aircraft operations: 98% general aviation and 2% military. Two aircraft are based at the airport. Runway 16/34 is connected to the airport ramp by 69-foot (21\u00a0m) wide taxiway A and 50-foot (15\u00a0m) wide taxiways D and E. D and E connect to the east side of the runway, with D leading to the large hangar and E to the smaller T-hangar. Runway 6/24 is connected to the airport ramp by 96-foot (29\u00a0m) wide taxiway B, and 50-foot (15\u00a0m) wide taxiway C at the 24-end of the runway. All of the taxiways are asphalt except for E, which is turf for the last 240 feet (73\u00a0m) before the runway. Based at Mid-State Regional Airport is the Civil Air Patrol Mid-State Composite Squadron 239 . The Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry bases a fire fighting aircraft at the airport during forest fire season.The Central Pennsylvania Region Sports Car Club of America holds autocross races at the airport. The airport remains active during the races; when an aircraft wishes to land, the race will be suspended, the aircraft will land, and racing will resume. This is possible due to the nature of autocross racing, where one car is on the course at a time.", ["2_936"]] [20939, "Mighty Servant 1 is a 29,000-ton heavy-lift ship capable of carrying very large vessels and offshore platforms . Built for Dutch shipping firm Wijsmuller Transport , which merged in 1993 with Dock Express Shipping to become Breda -based offshore heavy lifting group, Dockwise Shipping B.V. Mighty Servant 1 carried structures such as oil rigs and floating drydocks . Originally 40\u00a0m (130\u00a0ft) wide, she was increased to 50\u00a0m (160\u00a0ft) in 1999 to lift the production rig Petrobras 36 or P36 . Mighty Servant 1 can carry the heaviest semi-submersible drilling units, harsh-environment deep-water jack-up rigs and large floating production platforms like tension-leg platforms , oil platforms and spars with drafts of up to 14\u00a0m (46\u00a0ft). ", ["2_939"]] [20940, "The Jones Memorial Library is a specialized genealogy and history research library located at 2311 Memorial Avenue in Lynchburg, Virginia . The original historic library building is located at 434 Rivermont Avenue in Lynchburg, Virginia. It was designed by the local architectural firm of Frye & Chesterman and was erected in 1906\u201307 in the Neoclassical style. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The library was founded by Mary Frances Watts Jones in memory of her husband George Morgan Jones; it opened in June 1908 as the second oldest public library in Virginia. The library had been the dream of George Morgan Jones, philanthropist and industrialist of Lynchburg, but he died before it could be built. As a memorial to her husband, Mary Frances Watts Jones financed the construction and equipping of the library. The deed to establish the library was the direct result of a settlement disputing the terms of George Jones' will, after a lengthy trial ended with a hung jury. In exchange for legal recognition of the couple's adopted daughter, Mary Watts Jones entered into agreement to J. Gordon Payne, Walker Pettyjohn, O. B. Barker. and W. B. Hatcher to donate $50,000 for the purpose of establishing an Association for \"The said Library shall be called 'The George M. Jones Memorial Library', and shall be for the free use of the white people of this community without respect to religious or sectarian distinctions, but subject to such reasonable restrictions and limitations as the governing body of the Association shall prescribe.\" During the Jim Crow era, Jones Memorial Library operated segregated public library services. In 1924, under the leadership of Jane Maud Campbell , the library opened the Dunbar Branch at the former Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. [ citation needed ] The Dunbar Branch served black residents in the city; Anne Spencer was the branch's first permanent librarian. In 1966, the Lynchburg Public Library opened as the first taxpayer funded, racially integrated public library in the city. [ citation needed ] Jones Memorial Library then donated its fiction collection to the Lynchburg Public Library and the Lynchburg City Schools, becoming an integrated specialized research library.In 1987, Jones Memorial Library sold the Rivermont Avenue property and moved its services to 2311 Memorial Avenue in a shared building with the Lynchburg Public Library.The Jones Memorial Library collection in genealogy and central Virginia is one of the largest in the state. Although the library's primary focus is on the central Virginia area, collections include a wide variety of materials covering the State of Virginia as well as the surrounding states, including county histories and court records, family histories and genealogies, general works on the Civil War, county land tax and personal property tax records, and census records. The library is located at 2311 Memorial Avenue on the second floor above the Lynchburg Public Library's main branch. The library is open Tuesday-Saturday for genealogical and archival research.This article about a property in Lynchburg, Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_940"]] [20943, "The 7.35\u00d751mm Carcano is a rifle cartridge used by the Italian military during World War II. It was designed during the 1930s to replace the 6.5\u00d752mm Carcano used by the Italian military. Unlike the 6.5\u00a0mm, the 7.35\u00a0mm cartridge featured a Spitzer -style bullet to minimize air resistance in flight.After reports of inadequate performance of the 6.5\u00d752mm Carcano at both short and long ranges during the campaigns in Italian North Africa (1924\u20131934) and the Second Italo-Abyssinian War (1935/36), the Italian army introduced a new short rifle in 1938, the Modello 1938, together with a new cartridge in 7.35\u00d751mm caliber. In addition to the slightly larger caliber, Italian ordnance designers introduced a spitzer -type bullet for the new cartridge, with the tip filled with aluminum to produce an unstable (tumbling) projectile upon impact with soft tissue (a design most likely copied from the .303 British Mk VII bullet). Although the intention was to create a more powerful and precise rifle cartridge, the decision to adopt a lighter bullet than in the 6.5\u00a0mm Carcano, and various design problems of the 91/38 rifle, did not permit the cartridge to achieve the intended success.This ammunition -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about the military of Italy is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_943"]] [20944, "The Grosser Diamantstock is a mountain of the Bernese Alps , located west of Handegg in the Bernese Oberland . Its summit has an elevation of 3,162 metres (10,374\u00a0ft) above sea level and is the tripoint between the glacier valleys of Hiendertelltigletscher, B\u00e4chligletscher and Gruebengletscher. This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in the canton of Bern is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_944"]] [20945, "Hillbilly Days is an annual festival that takes place in Pikeville, Kentucky . The festival is hosted by Pikeville it can be as early as the 11th of April and as late as the 21st of April. Each year it brings in over 100,000 people, from all across the continent of North America, who line the streets of the City of Pikeville. Each year this festival raises money for the local Shriners Children's Hospital. According to WYMT Mountain News in Hazard, Kentucky , this event, \"gives hillbillies of all ages a chance to have a little fun.....And it lets them embrace the hillbilly lifestyle.\" This event continuously grows and according to the Southeast Kentucky Chamber of Commerce, \"Hillbilly Days 2013 will be bigger and better than ever.\". Hillbilly Days was first founded in 1977 by a group of Shriners as a means to raise money for the Shriners Hospital . Two shriners from the Hillbilly Clan Outhouse No. 2, Howard \"Dirty Ear\" Stratton and \"Shady\" Grady Kinney, decided to start the festival in 1976 after visiting a festival in Portsmouth, Ohio . They got a group of shriners together and they began the festival in 1977. It has continued ever since. In 2011 this festival was able to raise $72,000 for the Shriners Hospital . Over 100,000 people come once a year experience the event and culture of Appalachia. Participants wear overalls and other rural attire while roaming the streets of Pikeville to help raise money for a cause. The planning committee for this festival usually starts meeting around September and then work on their plans each workday up until the festival begins in mid-April. April 2020 was the first cancellation of its 44-year career; the hiatus was extended the next year.37\u00b028\u203243\u2033N 82\u00b031\u203205\u2033W \ufeff / \ufeff 37.47861\u00b0N 82.51806\u00b0W \ufeff / 37.47861; -82.51806(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority , (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies", ["2_945"]] [20949, "Sanation ( Polish : Sanacja , pronounced [sa\u02c8nat\u0361sja] ) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period , prior to J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski 's May 1926 Coup d'\u00c9tat , and came to power in the wake of that coup . In 1928 its political activists would go on to form a Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government ( BBWR ). The Sanation movement took its name from Pi\u0142sudski's aspirations for a moral \" sanation \" (healing) of the Polish body politic . The movement functioned integrally until his death in 1935. Following his death, Sanation split into several competing factions, including \"the Castle\" (President Ignacy Mo\u015bcicki and his partisans). Sanation, which advocated authoritarian rule , rested on a circle of Pi\u0142sudski's close associates, including Walery S\u0142awek , Aleksander Prystor , Kazimierz \u015awitalski , Janusz J\u0119drzejewicz , Adam Koc , J\u00f3zef Beck , Tadeusz Ho\u0142\u00f3wko , Bogus\u0142aw Miedzi\u0144ski , and Edward \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz . It preached the primacy of the national interest in governance, and contended against the system of parliamentary democracy . Named after the Latin word for \"healing\" (\" sanatio \"), the Sanation movement mainly comprised former military officers who were disgusted with the perceived corruption in Polish politics. Sanation was a coalition of rightists, leftists, and centrists whose main focus was the elimination of corruption and the reduction of inflation. Sanation appeared prior to the May 1926 Coup d'\u00c9tat and lasted until World War II but was never formalized. Pi\u0142sudski, though he had been the former leader of the Polish Socialist Party , had grown to disapprove of political parties , which he saw as promoting their own interests rather than supporting the state and the people. For this reason, the Sanation movement never led to the creation of a political party. Instead, in 1928 Sanation members created a Bezpartyjny Blok Wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z Rz\u0105dem ( BBWR , \" Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government \"), a pro-government grouping that denied being a political party.Although Pi\u0142sudski never claimed personal power, he exercised extensive influence over Polish politics after Sanation took power in 1926. For the next decade, he dominated Polish affairs as strongman of a generally popular centrist regime. Kazimierz Bartel 's government and all subsequent governments were first unofficially approved by Pi\u0142sudski before they could be confirmed by the President. In the course of pursuing sanation , Pi\u0142sudski mixed democratic and authoritarian elements. Poland's internal stability was enhanced, while economic stagnation was ended by Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski 's economic reforms. At the same time, the Sanation regime prosecuted communist parties (on the ostensible formal grounds that they had failed to legally register as political parties) and sought to limit the influence of opposition parties by splitting their forces. [ citation needed ] A distinguishing feature of the regime was that, unlike the situation in most of non-democratic Europe, it never transformed itself into a full-blown dictatorship. Freedom of press, speech, and political parties was never legally abolished, and opponents were usually dealt with via \"unidentified perpetrators\" rather than court sentences. [ citation needed ]Sanation allowed the 1928 election to be relatively free, but was dealt a setback when its BBWR supporters came up far short of a majority. Before the 1930 election some opposition parties united in a Centrolew (Center-Left) coalition calling for the overthrow of the government; Sanation reacted by arresting more than 20 prominent opposition-leader Centrolew participants. Subsequently BBWR won over 46 percent of the vote and a large majority in both houses of parliament [ citation needed ] . The personality cult of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski stemmed from his general popularity among the nation rather than from top-down propaganda; this is notable, considering Pi\u0142sudski's disdain for democracy. Sanation's ideology never went beyond populist calls to clean up the country's politics and economy; it did not occupy itself with society, as was the case with contemporary fascist regimes. From 1929, the semi-official newspaper of Sanation, and thus of the Polish government, was Gazeta Polska (the Polish Gazette ) [ citation needed ] .The Sanation government invalidated the May 1930 election results by disbanding the parliament in August. New elections were scheduled for November 1930. Using anti-government demonstrations as a pretext, 20 opposition-party members, including most of the leaders of the Centrolew alliance (Socialist, Polish People's Party \"Piast\" , and Polish People's Party \"Wyzwolenie\" leaders) were arrested in September 1930 without warrants , on the mere order of Pi\u0142sudski and the Minister of Internal Security, Felicjan S\u0142awoj Sk\u0142adkowski , and accused of plotting an anti-government coup . The opposition leaders (including the former prime minister Wincenty Witos , and Wojciech Korfanty ) were imprisoned and tried in the Brest Fortress (hence the popular name for the November 1930 election: \"the Brest election\"). A number of less-known political activists across the country were also arrested; they were released after the election. The Brest trial ended in January 1932, with ten of the accused sentenced to up to three years' imprisonment; appeals in 1933 confirmed the sentences. The government gave those sentenced a choice of emigrating abroad; five took that choice, while the other five decided to serve the prison term. A crucial turning point for the Pi\u0142sudskiites came in 1935 with Pi\u0142sudski's death. The April 1935 Constitution , adopted a few weeks earlier, had been tailored for Marshal Pi\u0142sudski. In the absence of a successor with equal authority, a reinterpretation of the new Constitution was in order. In the words of Ignacy Matuszewski , \"We must replace the Great Man with an organization.\"Pi\u0142sudski's death triggered Sanation's splintering, driven by two processes: competition for power and influence among Pi\u0142sudski's heirs (the wars among the diadochi \u2013 \"the heirs\" \u2013 as Adam Pragier termed it); and a search for a more suitable ideology which Pi\u0142sudski's supporters might accept. The intersection of personal competition and ideological differences led to discord and splintering. Eventually, Sanation devolved into three major factions:Walery Slawek's supporters lost ground after his resignation from the post of prime minister at the end of 1935, after the dissolution of the BBWR as well as the appointment of the Marian Zyndram-Ko\u015bcia\u0142kowski cabinet on October 13, 1935, which ousted the orthodox Pi\u0142sudskiites, so-called Colonels , from power. The other two emerging groups in December 1935 reached an agreement and shared power, resulting in the formation of the Felicjan Slawoj-Sk\u0142adkowski's cabinet on 15 May 1936, consisting of representatives of the President and the General Inspector of the Armed Forces. Another consequence of the agreement was a declaration by the Prime Minister in agreement with the President on July 16, 1936, declaring \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz \u201cthe first person in Poland after Mr. President.\u201d\"In accordance with the will of Mr. President of the Republic Ignacy Mo\u015bcicki, I order the following: General \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz, appointed by Mr. Marshal J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski as the First Defender of the Fatherland and the first co-cooperator of the President of the Republic in governing the state, is to be regarded and respected as the first person in Poland after Mr. President of the Republic. All state functionaries headed by the Prime Minister are to show him signs of honor and obedience.\"The document violated the state order established by the April Constitution .Another result of the Mo\u015bcicki-\u015amig\u0142y agreement was the promotion of the general to Marshal of Poland. On November 10, 1936, President Moscicki appointed him General of the branch and at the same time Marshal of Poland and decorated him with the Order of the White Eagle . Also, the creation of the Camp of National Unity (OZN) on \u015amig\u0142y's order and working under his auspices increased his influence, as a result of which it was he who decided the ideological direction of Sanation in 1937-1939.Pi\u0142sudski's death triggered a power struggle, typical in such circumstances. There were also growing differences in political thought among the Pi\u0142sudskiites . The Colonels' group and S\u0142awek lost, and with him the concepts of a socialized state and the Constitution as the sole regulator of state life. A new authority was created in the person of \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz , by the way, mainly by some former Colonels. The new group centered around the General Inspector steered in a nationalistic , sometimes clearly pro-totalitarian direction. The Castle Group and the \u201c Naprawa \u201d group, centered around the president, attempted to restrain these tendencies. Weak among the Pi\u0142sudskiites, the Sanation left practically broke with the camp. During the 1939 invasion of Poland , many Sanationists evacuated to Romania or Hungary , whence they were able to go on to France or French-mandated Syria and, after the fall of France, to Britain . Though France insisted on excluding Sanationists from the Polish Government in Exile , many continued influential. During the war, Sanationists created several resistance organizations, including in 1942 the Polish Fighting Movement ( Ob\u00f3z Polski Walcz\u0105cej ), which in 1943 became subordinate to the Home Army and in 1944 merged along with the Council of Independence Organizations ( Konwent Organizacji Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowych ) into the Union of Independence Organizations ( Zjednoczenie Organizacji Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bciowych ). After World War II , Poland's Soviet-installed communist autocracy branded Sanationists as enemies of the state and executed or forced many into exile.The following is a list of Sanation's political parties and their successors: [ citation needed ]", ["2_949"]] [20950, "Mount Alice is a 5,318-foot (1,621\u00a0m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska . Mount Alice is located 6.2\u00a0mi (10\u00a0km) northeast of Seward, Alaska , from where it appears as the most prominent peak on the east skyline across Resurrection Bay . It is set in the Kenai Mountains on land managed by Chugach National Forest . Although modest in elevation, topographic relief is significant as the summit rises one vertical mile above the bay and Resurrection River in four miles (6.4\u00a0km). The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1983 by the United States Board on Geographic Names to honor Alice Lowell Scheffler (1879\u20131965), the daughter of Franklin G. Lowell, who with his family were the first homesteaders to settle the Seward area in 1883. Alice was the daughter of Mary Lowell ( Mount Mary ) and sister to Eva ( Mount Eva ). The first ascent of the peak was made in 1963 by John Vincent Hoeman, David Johnston, and D. Hilt. The standard route is via the southwest face which entails steep snow and traditional class\u00a05.0 rock climbing. Based on the K\u00f6ppen climate classification , Mount Alice is located in a tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Kenai Mountains ( orographic lift ), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below 0\u00a0\u00b0F with wind chill factors below \u221210\u00a0\u00b0F. This climate supports a spruce and hemlock forest on the lower western slopes, and the massive Godwin Glacier on the eastern side of the mountain. May and June are the best months for climbing in terms of favorable weather.", ["2_950"]] [20951, "Choreveco (possibly from Aymara churi dull yellow, wiqu a corner in a house, a mountain cove) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru , about 5,000 metres (16,404\u00a0ft) high. It is located in the Tacna Region , Candarave Province , Candarave District , and in the Tarata Province , Susapaya District . Choreveco lies northeast of the volcano Yucamane . It is situated between the mountain Chiarjaque in the west and the lake Vilacota in the east. This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_951"]] [20952, "The Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture is a Unesco World Heritage Site on Pico Island , part of the archipelago of the Azores , Portugal . The landscape, with 987 ha, and the surrounding buffer zone with 1,924 ha, extend through most of the island's western, northwestern and southwestern coasts, with the majority on the municipality of Madalena and the rest on S\u00e3o Roque do Pico , at the foothills of Mount Pico . The landscape is characterized by an extensive network of long, spaced apart black basalt stone walls that run parallel to the coast and penetrate towards the interior of the island. These walls were erected to protect the vines from the wind and the salty sea spray , which are planted in thousands of small rectangular enclosures locally called currais . Also part of the landscape are the buildings (manor houses, wine cellars, warehouses, conventional houses, and churches), pathways and wells, ports and ramps, that were produced by generations of farmers enabling the production of wine. This landscape has evolved over 500 years and is exceptionally well-preserved and fully authentic in its setting, materials, continued use, function, traditions, techniques, and management systems. ", ["2_952"]] [20953, "Brace Mountain is the peak of a ridge in the southern Taconic Mountains , near the tripoint of the U.S. states of New York , Connecticut and Massachusetts . Its 2,311-foot (704\u00a0m) main summit is located in New York; it is the highest point in that state's Dutchess County . The New York and Massachusetts portions of the mountain are within protected areas ; Taconic State Park and Mount Washington State Forest respectively. The Connecticut portions are privately owned and conserved .It is a challenging yet popular hike since its summit, along with 2,304-foot (702\u00a0m) subpeak South Brace Mountain, are along the 15.7\u00a0mi (25.3\u00a0km) South Taconic Trail . Hikers approach the mountain either from the New York side on the west via the South Taconic or from another trail following the Connecticut-Massachusetts state line on the east, a route that allows them to visit both the tristate marker and the highest point in Connecticut, near the summit of Mount Frissell , along the way. Brace's bald summit, marked by a large cairn , offers views in all directions, particularly to the Hudson Valley and Catskills to the west. It has become a popular site for launching hang gliders and paragliders .Brace is near the south end of an escarpment roughly paralleling the Connecticut and Massachusetts state lines, which runs north\u2013south east of the summit, in North East, New York , at the northeast corner of a narrow northward extension of Dutchess County. To its east is the largely undeveloped, privately owned Riga Plateau, with Riga Lake , Connecticut's highest at 1,749\u00a0ft (533\u00a0m), to the south in the town of Salisbury, Connecticut . Due east, on the other escarpment, is 2,316-foot (706\u00a0m) Bear Mountain , Connecticut's highest summit. There is a 100-foot (30\u00a0m) drop into the col between Brace and South Brace, a quarter-mile (250 m) to the south. The ridge continues to the south for several miles past the lower Mount Riga and Thorpe Mountain before ending where U.S. Route 44 crosses the state line. One mile (1.6\u00a0km) to the northeast is the nearest other summit, 2,453-foot (748\u00a0m) Mount Frissell , located just over Connecticut's northern border in Mount Washington, Massachusetts . A short distance from the summit, the state line reaches 2,370 feet (720\u00a0m), the highest elevation in Connecticut. To its east is 2,296-foot (700\u00a0m) Round Mountain , in Connecticut. Approximately 0.3 miles (0.48\u00a0km) north-northeast of Brace's summit is the tripoint where New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts meet. The ridge continues north-northwest to 2,250-foot (690\u00a0m) Alander Mountain , in the western corner of Massachusetts, where the highest point in New York's Columbia County is located at the state line below the summit. Beyond that it continues to Catamount Ski Area , straddling the state line. The west slope of the ridge drops steeply 1,300 feet (400\u00a0m) to the narrow floor of the north end of the Harlem Valley, also known as the Oblong, the region of Dutchess County within a short distance of the state line, claimed by both New York and Connecticut during the colonial era. Here there are some farms and houses, with New York State Route 22 and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail running through. Across the valley, in the town of Ancram , rises 1,346-foot (410\u00a0m) Fox Hill. Four miles (6.4\u00a0km) to the south is the village of Millerton, New York , the nearest large settlement. The small hamlet of Copake, New York , is three miles (4.8\u00a0km) to the north-northwest. In Connecticut, Lakeville is to the southwest of the Riga Plateau area. The west side of Brace Mountain drains into the Noster Kill, then into Bash Bish Brook, the Roeliff Jansen Kill , thence the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean. The southwest side drains into Webatuck Creek, Ten Mile River , thence the Housatonic River and Long Island Sound. The southeast side drains into Riga Lake and South Pond, then into Wachocostinook Brook, Salmon Creek, and the Housatonic River. The north side drains into Ashley Hill Brook, thence Bash Bish Brook, and the Roeliff Jansen Kill. The white- blazed South Taconic Trail traverses the summit. It provides for both access from the west, via its southern terminus, and the east via the connecting Mt. Frissell trail along the Connecticut-Massachusetts state line. An old, unmarked dirt road also connects to the South Taconic north of the summit from more directly east of the mountain. Other access routes that once approached from the Riga Lake area at the southeast have been closed in Connecticut by the landowner, their blazes removed in New York. Approaching via the South Taconic from the west, entirely within New York, is a common route to the summit but also entails the greatest vertical ascent. The trailhead for the South Taconic is located on Quarry Hill Road, a long dead-end street in the northern section of North East, at an elevation just under 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m). After passing along the edge of an old meadow, it enters the woods, crosses into Taconic State Park and then climbs steeply past a series of cascades on the south side, at some points requiring that hikers scramble. It levels off at 1,700 feet (520\u00a0m), where the first of many views over Dutchess and Columbia counties to the Catskill Escarpment on the other side of the Hudson River open up. At that point it turns north and goes through some private lands over South Brace to Brace. The total distance from the trailhead is 1.9 miles (3.1\u00a0km) with a 1,300-foot (400\u00a0m) vertical gain. On the west the Mount Frissell Trail starts following red blazes at a trailhead on the state line, on an unpaved road known as East Street in Mount Washington and Mt. Washington Road in Salisbury. From an elevation of 1,830 feet (560\u00a0m) It first bends into Massachusetts, then returns to Connecticut where it climbs to the open summit of Round Mountain , where Frissell and Brace can be seen ahead. Descending into the woods, it re-enters Massachusetts and makes a short but steep climb to the summit of Frissell. A register for visitors to the Connecticut high point hangs from a tree; the highpoint itself is marked by a small survey stake a short distance further along the trail, after it descends slightly and follows the state line. From the highpoint it drops gently to pass the tri-state marker. Its western terminus, 2.2 miles (3.5\u00a0km) from the trailhead, is on the South Taconic approximately 0.3 miles (480\u00a0m) north of Brace's summit. It is thus 2.5 miles (4.0\u00a0km) via this approach, with a vertical gain of roughly 1,000\u00a0ft (300\u00a0m) due to the ascents of Round and Frissell required by the route. The approach via the unofficial Brace Mountain Trail is the gentlest and shortest, but less used due to the limited parking and minimal maintenance of the trail, entirely on private land in Connecticut. The unblazed, gated road starts from a small parking area on Mount Washington Road two miles (3.2\u00a0km) north of the dam at South Pond in Lakeville, just south of where the road, the highest in Connecticut, crosses the shoulder of Gridley Mountain. From this 1,900-foot (580\u00a0m) elevation it descends slightly to cross an unnamed tributary of Monument Brook, after which an overgrown ascends gently to the state line marker, 1.3 miles (2.1\u00a0km) from the parking area. From there it is a more sustained climb 0.2 miles (320\u00a0m) to the South Taconic and an equivalent distance to the summit. The total distance for this approach is 1.7 miles (2.7\u00a0km) with a 460-foot (140\u00a0m) vertical gain from the brook crossing. There are also two long approaches from the north. On the New York side, the red-blazed Robert Brook Trail leaves the blue-blazed Alander Brook Trail 450 feet (140\u00a0m) from that trail's head along Under Mountain Road in Ancram. From there it climbs 1,050 feet (320\u00a0m) in 1.1 miles (1.8\u00a0km) to the South Taconic Trail just west of the state line, 2.6 miles (4.2\u00a0km) north of Brace's summit. In Massachusetts, the blue-blazed Ashley Hill Trail leaves the Alander Mountain Trail west of the Mount Washington State Forest headquarters at the junction of East and West streets. Two possible forks allow for a 4-mile (6.4\u00a0km) route to Brace via the Mount Frissell Trail. The summit of Brace is an open area with scrubby forest on the slopes. A cairn several feet high, with a small windsock attached, sits on the highest ground. There are views available in all directions.To the west are the highest mountains visible from Brace, the Catskills . The dominant visible feature is the long Escarpment to the north, with 4,040-foot (1,230\u00a0m) Hunter Mountain , the highest point of Greene County , high above the peaks of the Devil's Path beyond it. Further south are the peaks of Ulster County , including Slide , the highest in that county and the Catskills at 4,180 feet (1,270\u00a0m). Northwest the Helderberg Escarpment is visible, south of Albany . Closer to the mountain, the lower hills of Columbia and Dutchess counties are below. In the latter, Stissing Mountain and its fire tower, south of Pine Plains stand out. The Hudson Highlands are in the distant southwest. To the east the landscape falls away into the Riga Plateau, with Gridley and Bear rising across it. Riga Lake can be seen to the south of them. The higher peaks of the vicinity, Frissell and Round, are visible on the northeast, although the former blocks the view of Mount Everett , the 2,602-foot-high (793\u00a0m) peak of the south Taconics. Next to Frissell, in the distance on clear days, Mount Greylock , Massachusetts' 3,491-foot (1,064\u00a0m) highest peak, can be seen. Due north is Alander. The Mount Brace Outdoor Club, based in the valley below the mountain, operates the landing zone for hang gliding and paragliding from the summit. All such foot-launched aircraft pilots must sign in at the club, whether or not they are members. This is done under permit with the state Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation ; pilots who do not check in with the club can be cited and fined. Pilots must obey some other rules as well. They must be current United States Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) members with a rating of at least P3/H2 to fly without instructor supervision; P2/H2-rated pilots must have a minimum of 10 mountain flights from more than a thousand feet (300 m) above ground level , witnessed by an instructor, in their logbooks in order to fly unsupervised, since the launch area at the summit is steep and narrow. No flights are permitted on days with winds of more than 26 miles per hour (42\u00a0km/h). The windsock on the summit cairn was placed to allow the pilots to judge conditions. They hike in either from the east via the old road or up the South Taconic from its southern trailhead. There are some other lower launch areas lower on the mountain, on private land. It is one of the more popular locations for hang gliding and paragliding in the Northeast due to the gradual geography of the area and the thermals allowing smooth flight down the 1,600 feet (490\u00a0m) to the LZ at the club facilities. ", ["2_953"]] [20955, "The 2002 Sanex WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2002 tennis season. The WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Tier I-V Events, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships. New tournaments created for the 2002 season included the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Belgium; a new green clay event, the Sarasota Clay Court Classic , in Sarasota, U.S.; and the Nordea Nordic Light Open held in Espoo, Finland. Another new tournament was created to be held in Aarhus, Denmark, but was later cancelled. Also, the French Community Championships moved cities from Knokke-Heist to Brussels, and the Kroger St. Jude Championship was moved from Oklahoma City, U.S. to a new location in Memphis.Serena Williams was the outright player of the year, ascending to No. 1 for the first time in July and holding it for the rest of that season. She missed the Australian Open due to injury, having won her second, third and fourth Grand Slam singles titles at the French Open , Wimbledon , and the US Open , beating her sister Venus in all three finals. This would lead to her non-calendar Grand Slam (dubbed the \"Serena Slam\") which she would complete at the Australian Open the following year. Her win\u2013loss record for the year was 56\u20135. Venus also ascended to the No. 1 ranking in February, and finished the season at No. 2. Jennifer Capriati defended her Australian Open title to win her third Grand Slam title, after the two she won in 2001.Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Su\u00e1rez were the doubles team of the year, and finished the season as the top 2 on the individual rankings. Their titles at the French Open and the U.S. Open represented their second and third Slam titles together. The Williams sisters won their fifth Grand Slam doubles title together at Wimbledon, and Martina Hingis and Anna Kournikova won their second doubles title together at the Australian Open, with it being Hingis' 9th overall.Former No. 1 Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario announced her retirement at the end of the season, although she returned in 2004 to play doubles tournaments.The table below shows the 2002 WTA Tour schedule.Below are the 2002 WTA year-end rankings in both singles and doubles competition:List of players and titles won, last name alphabetically:The following players won their first title:Titles won by nation:", ["2_955"]] [20957, "Brittany Boyd-Jones ( n\u00e9e Boyd ; born June 11, 1993) is an American former professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She previously played for the Chicago Sky . She played college basketball for the California Golden Bears . She was selected by New York in the first round of the 2015 WNBA draft with the ninth overall pick. Boyd grew up in Richmond, California , and attended high school in Berkeley at Berkeley High . As a senior in college, she helped Cal advance to the second round of the 2015 NCAA Tournament . Boyd averaged 13.4 points , 7.7 rebounds , 6.8 assists and 2.9 steals per game for the season, and was a semifinalist for the Naismith College Player of the Year . She was the first player in the history of the Pac-12 Conference to reach career totals of 1,400 points, 700 rebounds, 600 assists and 300 steals. Boyd played five seasons with New York. In 2019 , she tied a career high with 33 games played while starting in a career-high 17 contests. The Liberty waived her after the season. She was picked up by the Sky in 2021, but waved by the team in May 2021. Source ", ["2_957"]] [20958, "Jackie Larson Bread is a Native American beadwork artist from the Blackfeet Reservation in Browning, Montana . Her interest in bead work was sparked from looking at her late-grandmother's beaded pieces. In awe of these objects, Bread self-taught herself how to bead when she was younger and now, she has been beading for more than 20 years. Continuing through trial and error, Bread has received numerous awards for her beading. In 1978, Bread enrolled at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico . Upon completion, Bread earned associate degrees in two-dimensional art and museum studies. Afterwards, Bread continued her education at Santa Fe University of Art and Design . In 1986, Bread graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting. When beading, Bread uses the applique stitch method which requires the use of two needles, as the first needle holds a row of beads and the second needle pins down one bead at a time to receive a precise placement. Bread uses a limited color palette that reflects Native American traditional beading colors, such as blue, black, red, yellow, and white. Growing up, Bread mainly used a limited number of colors because they were cheaper but as years progressed, Bread began to incorporate more diverse colors. Through illusionary beadwork, Larson mixes two different styles, traditional and contemporary imagery to create pictorial depth through different shades of beads. Within Bread's imagery beadwork, she integrates her culturally rich heritage and images of members of her community on bags, leather boxes, parasols, and other traditional items. After graduating from the Institute of American Indian Art, Bread returned to her reservation in Browning, Montana. Applying her newly received degrees, Bread began working for the Museum of the Plains Indians. Bread took this job opportunity to further her education as she studied beadwork from previous artists. While working for museum, Bread also hosts workshops in the relatively close states to Montana, such as Idaho and California. Through her workshops, she teaches and shares her knowledge of traditional style beading. Working with the C.M. Russell Museum , Bread regularly teaches classes on beading. ", ["2_958"]] [20959, "3\u00b06\u203256.99\u2033N 101\u00b039\u203258.00\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 3.1158306\u00b0N 101.6661111\u00b0E \ufeff / 3.1158306; 101.6661111 Telekom Tower ( Malay : Menara Telekom ), also known as TM Tower is a 55-storey, 310-meter-tall supertall skyscraper in Lembah Pantai in western Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and was the former headquarters of Malaysian telecommunications company, Telekom Malaysia until 2023. It is the world's 4th tallest twisted building . It is Malaysia 's 5th tallest building , and is shaped to represent a sprouting \" bamboo shoot\". It is regarded as the first twisted skyscraper in the world. It was designed by Hijjas Kasturi Associates and was constructed between 1998 and 2001 by Daewoo Construction . The building was officially opened on 11 February 2003 by the fourth Malaysian Prime Minister , Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad .\nIt resembles the Bitexco Financial Tower of Ho Chi Minh City (finished in 2010) and the Telecommunications Tower (finished in 2002) in Montevideo .With a series of hanging gardens climbing it, the structure cost over $160 million. The tower has been designed to benefit from its surrounding environment, using its windows, orientation, and air condition system to encourage energy saving. The complex also includes a theatre able to seat a 2,500 audience, a large prayer hall ( surau ), and a sports facility. A unique feature of the tower is its 22 open sky gardens alternating every three floors. The office floors are separated into north and south wings served by express double-deck elevators .Near the building is Kerinchi Pylon , the tallest electricity pylon in Southeast Asia .Menara Telekom houses several well-known tenants, namely Mercedes-Benz , BASF , DHL , Hapag-Lloyd , Unilever , Henkel Malaysia, Malaysia Airlines , Takaful Nasional and the IT Department of Tenaga Nasional .The building resembles Stark Tower (later Avengers Tower) as depicted in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films, starting with The Avengers . As part of the collaboration between TM and Marvel Malaysia in a tie-in for Avengers: Infinity War , the Avengers logo was projected on the Telekom Tower. TM Tower is within walking distance from KJ18 Kerinchi LRT station on the Kelana Jaya line.TM Tower is located along the Kuala Lumpur-Klang Highway . The Sprint toll road empties into the Federal Highway nearby.", ["2_959"]] [20960, "Hell Station ( Norwegian : Hell stasjon ) is a railway station located in the village of Hell in the Municipality of Stj\u00f8rdal in the Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway . It is located at the intersection of the Nordland Line and the Mer\u00e5ker Line . Hell Station serves:Both services [ clarification needed ] are operated by Class 92 units by SJ Norge . Planned by architect Paul Armin Due , the present station building at Hell Station was opened in 1902. It replaced an older building of 1881, whose architect was Peter Andreas Blix .The restaurant [ which? ] was taken over by Norsk Spisevognselskap on 1 October 1922, but returned to private operation in 1934. Due to its name, Hell Station has become a tourist attraction. While associated with the religious concept Hell by English-speakers, the name Hell derives from Old Norse hellir , which means cave. The Norwegian equivalent to English hell is hel or, more commonly, helvete (compare with Old English hellew\u012bte ). The station's freight building still bears the old sign saying Hell Gods-Expedition . In Norwegian, Gods-Expedition (archaic) or godsekspedisjon (modern) means freight service or cargo handling . This sign is a popular photo opportunity for foreign English-speaking tourists. Especially in the summer months, it is not unusual for foreigners, when discovering the sign, to disembark the train in order to get a photo. The building is not used for freight anymore. All light freight is handled through post offices or competing companies.", ["2_960"]] [20964, "The Owen-Primm House was originally a log cabin built by Jabez Owen c. 1806, and later expanded with wood framing by Thomas Perkins Primm c. 1845. This property in Brentwood, Tennessee was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Dr. Jabez Owen was a prominent physician and planter in Brentwood who owned hundreds of acres around Moores Lane, Wilson Pike, and Concord Road. Dr. Owen was one of the wealthiest men in Williamson County, and at his death in 1850 he owned 58 slaves. Some of these antebellum slave cabins still stand on the property today. It was built or has other significance in c.1806, c.1845, and c.1900. It includes Central passage plan and other architecture. When listed the property included four contributing buildings and two contributing structures on an area of 1.8 acres (0.73\u00a0ha). The outbuildings include a pair of c.1845 log slave cabins with a shared stone chimney, square notching and original vertical board doors; a\nc. 1920 stone springhouse, a frame barn with weatherboard siding from c.1920, a frame garage from c.1930; a frame shed from c.1930. The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources. The Primm farm's former slave cabins were potentially to be preserved, but one plan failed in 2018. This article about a property in Williamson County, Tennessee on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_964"]] [20965, "Fairbank's Gold Dust washing products was a line of all-purpose cleaning agents researched and developed by the N. K. Fairbank Manufacturing Company. First introduced to the American consumer in 1889, Gold Dust Washing Powder became a success due in large part to its low selling price and bright, eye-catching packaging. The most easily recognized members of the soap line were Gold Dust Washing Powder and Gold Dust Scouring Soap. They were marketed in boxes and containers prominently featuring the brand's well known trademark , the Gold Dust Twins . \"Let the Twins Do Your Work\" was the product's long lasting and ubiquitous slogan. The Fairbanks Company, founded in 1864, was part of a changing landscape in American businesses' drive to give consumers more freedom in the timely completion of daily chores. The task of doing laundry began to change with the introduction of washing powders in the 1880s. Until that time, laundry was done using hard bar soap, washboards, and the repeated beating and wringing of the clothing items. The success of several new laundry washing products introduced late in the 19th century had proven that there was a ready market for what the consumer believed to be better and more economical cleaning agents. Many of these new products, however, were simply pulverized soap and fell short of having any significant improvement in doing the laundry. Following its 1875 acquisition by the American Cotton Oil Company, Fairbanks was renamed N.K. Fairbanks & Co. In the next quarter century the New York-based company introduced several soaps and soap powders to America, including Gold Dust washing powder and Gold Dust scouring soap. Powdered soap proved to be a substantial improvement over the use of simple, pulverized bar soaps. Introduced in 1889 by the N.K. Fairbank Company, Gold Dust washing powder was the first all-purpose laundry powder made possible by employing hydrogenated vegetable oils in its processing, a procedure the company pioneered, and industry quickly embraced. The formula for Gold Dust washing powder was developed and refined by industrial chemist James Boyce working at the Chicago, Illinois research lab of the company. While working at the research facility, Boyce developed an industrial hydrogenation procedure, which, when applied to cottonseed (and other plant materials), was a scientific breakthrough in cottonseed processing. The incidental discovery that the process also rendered the modified, extracted cottonseed oil as edible led to a revolution in food processing that was quickly exploited by the French chemist Paul Sabatier and manufacturing giants such as Procter & Gamble . The development and manufacture of oleomargarine and other oil-based consumer products was a direct result of Boyce's discovery. Initially a regional success in the Midwestern United States , Gold Dust Washing Powder rose to national prominence after the brand was licensed for distribution in America by the Lever Brothers Company, headquartered at the time in Cambridge, Massachusetts . By 1903 it was the top-selling brand of powdered soap in America, and was being marketed under license in Canada and Great Britain by Lever Brothers. By 1892, the product's advertising and attention-grabbing packaging\u2014black and white graphics on a bright orange background\u2014became more focused on the iconic Gold Dust Twins. The Gold Dust Twin characters of Goldie and Dustie were the 'faces' of Gold Dust products through most of their production, becoming one of the earliest brand-driven trademarks in American advertising. They were often comically depicted, along with a huge stack of dishes in a washtub, with one twin cleaning, the other drying. The Gold Dust Twins Radio Show\u2014first broadcast in 1929 and created around the twins (and sponsored jointly by Gold Dust and Lever Brothers)\u2014was one of the first of its kind in marketing history. The back of the box depicted the twins tackling several household chores and a list of jobs made easier by using Gold Dust washing powder. \"Let the Twins Do Your Work\" was the product's slogan. Lever Brothers purchased the Gold Dust brand outright, in the 1930s. Gold Dust washing powder, found in many U.S. homes during the first half of the twentieth century, had a strong presence in the marketplace for more than sixty-five years. However, changing national sensibilities over the brand's mascots, combined with increased marketing pressure from newer competing lines (especially Procter & Gamble's \" Tide \"), caused the post-war demise of the Gold Dust product lines. ", ["2_965"]] [20966, "Pissuthnes , also known as Pissouthnes , ( Old Persian : *Pi\u0161i\u0161yau\u03b8na\u02b0 ; Ancient Greek : \u03a0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 Pisso\u00fathn\u0113s ) was an Achaemenid satrap of Lydia , which included Ionia , circa 440\u2013415 BCE. His capital was Sardis . He was the son of Hystaspes , probably himself the son of Darius I , which shows his Persian origin and his membership of the Achaemenid dynasty . He held the satrapy for over twenty years, and became extremely rich as a consequence. He helped the Samians in the Samian Revolt against Athens , and supported various oligarchical movements against Athens along the coast of Asia Minor . He revolted against the Persian king Darius II Nothus between 420-415 BCE. He recruited Greek mercenaries under the generalship of Lycon for his campaigns. Tissaphernes , who was sent by the King to suppress the revolt of Pissuthnes, managed to bribe Lycon, and then brought Pissuthnes to Susa where he was executed. Tissaphernes became his successor as Satrap of Lydia. Pissuthnes had a natural son named Amorges , who continued the rebellion against the Persian king. ", ["2_966"]] [20968, "Dan Milano is an American voice actor, puppeteer , writer and director. He was one of the creators of the Fox sitcom Greg the Bunny and performed the title character Greg. He is also one of the voice actors and writers of Robot Chicken , and was nominated for an Emmy for writing on Robot Chicken: Star Wars 2 . Milano also starred in Adult Swim 's television series, Titan Maximum . He has also co-written and co-produced the MTV's series Warren the Ape , where he again played the title character Warren. In 2013, Milano began work at DreamWorks Television as part of their content development deal with Netflix . [ citation needed ]Milano attended New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts and SUNY Buffalo 's summer arts program. While at NYU, Milano wrote for the student-run comedy magazine, The Plague . His first industry job was co-creating a series of shorts for the Independent Film Channel based on Greg the Bunny, a puppet character Milano also performs. Based on the main character from their public access series called Junktape , Milano and friends took Greg The Bunny to 20th Century Fox as a 13-episode primetime series, produced by Neil Moritz and run by Steve Levitan. Milano exec-produced, wrote and performed on the series as characters Greg the Bunny and Warren the Ape, alongside co-stars Sarah Silverman, Seth Green, and Eugene Levy. [ citation needed ]The relationship with Seth Green led to Milano's involvement as a writer and voice actor on Robot Chicken , Titan Maximum and Star Wars: Detours . Meanwhile, Milano and then-writing partner sold a spec feature to Laura Ziskin and Sony Pictures , called Me & My Monster . Developed with effects wizard Stan Winston , the movie was in development with such directors as Neil Jordan , McG , and Jon Favreau (the latter having also appeared on an IFC Greg the Bunny Reunion Special).After the Fox series was canceled, Greg returned to IFC and eventually the spin-off series, Warren the Ape was created for MTV Networks. This 12-episode \"reality show\" about Warren's fallout in the post-Fox years co-starred Josh Sussman and Dr. Drew Pinsky.Milano's film career had him working with his partner on development assignments for The Jim Henson Company , Flower Films, The Donner's Company and more. Milano's solo credit on Short Circuit was written for the producer of the original film David Foster and Dimension's Bob Weinstein.Milano has sold pilots including The Spaces , Dad Monster Hunter (also known as Shadowchasers ), and worked on shows such as Crash & Bernstein (Director), and Star Wars: Detours (Writer/Actor).In 2014, Milano and Eric Robles created Glitch Techs , an anime-inspired adventure comedy about a team of consumer electronic technicians that wrangle creatures and other phenomena caused by faulty video game technology. Twenty episodes have been fully produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio , with an additional ten scripts/storyboards that were developed in 2018. Originally slated for a 2019 release on Nickelodeon , the series premiered on Netflix on February 21, 2020 with the first nine episodes.Milano was never trained in puppetry but was obsessed with the art form as a child and built a talent for it. He has focused primarily on writing, developing for features and television but does occasionally work as a voice actor.", ["2_968"]] [20971, "Zeil am Main is a town in the Ha\u00dfberge district in Lower Franconia , an area in the federal state of Bavaria , Germany . It is situated on the right bank of the Main , 7\u00a0km east of Ha\u00dffurt , 24\u00a0km northwest of Bamberg , and 25\u00a0km east of Schweinfurt . Zeil is a historic Franconian town known for its old churches, romantic houses, medieval walls and towers, the hill church of \"Zeiler K\u00e4pelle\", and the castle ruins of the Schmachtenburg. Zeil am Main is located in an area of the River Main valley where, since the 11th century, the dioceses of W\u00fcrzburg and Bamberg overlapped and vied for domain of the region. Zeil's strategic location between the dioceses, situated on the River Main trade route and military road between Nuremberg and Schweinfurt , ensured that Zeil was worthy of possession by regional powers.The earliest evidence of Zeil am Main as a city is in a 1018 AD deed of donation signed by Henry II , King of the Romans. Bishop Lamprecht of Prun granted municipal law to the city in 1379 and allowed citizens of Zeil to build protective fortifications. As a result, the city wall was constructed with numerous towers, and Schmachtenberg castle was built. King Wenceslaus of Bohemia entitled the community with special laws to use the river Main commercially in 1397. The prince bishops of Bamberg used Zeil's strategic location as a northern enclave to provide a buffer against their W\u00fcrzburg rivals, and 1695 saw the construction of a hunting lodge for the prince bishop. In the early 19th century, church lands were secularized, and Zeil am Main became a municipality within Bavaria by edict in 1818.Bella Katz Oberbrunner, the mother of Goldman Sachs 's founder Marcus Goldman , was born in Zeil Am Main. Viticulture is still practised in Zeil. Vines are grown on mountain slopes around the city. The summer wine celebration in the old part of town is the high point of the year. In addition, the G\u00f6ller brewery's Zeiler beer bears the name of the city.", ["2_971"]] [20973, "On the morning of January 27, 2019, two bombs exploded at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo, Sulu , in the Philippines . Twenty people were killed and 82 injured in the bombings. The Islamic State (IS) took responsibility for the bombings. ", ["2_973"]] [20975, "Solomon Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania , in the United States. It is approximately 8.8 miles (14.2\u00a0km) long and flows through Fairview Township , Hanover Township , and Wilkes-Barre . The creek is affected by acid mine drainage and has significant loads of iron, aluminum, and manganese. The creek's named tributaries are Spring Run, Sugar Notch Run, and Pine Creek. The Solomon Creek watershed is located in the Anthracite Valley section of the ridge-and-valley geographical province. Major rock formations in the watershed include the Mauch Chunk Formation, the Spechty Kopf Formation, and the Catskill Formation. Solomon Creek was first settled by Native Americans around 8000 to 6000 B.C.E. A settler arrived at the confluence of the creek with the Susquehanna River by 1774. In the 1800s, more people began arriving in the watershed to exploit its natural resources. Anthracite mining was especially prevalent in the watershed in the 19th and 20th centuries, to the point that numerous streams were altered or destroyed and the Laurel Run mine fire started.Solomon Creek was devoid of fish in the 1970s. However, since then several fish species, including brook trout, have inhabited the creek and its tributaries. A number of varieties of aquatic insects are also present.Solomon Creek starts on western Penobscot Mountain in northern Fairview Township and flows west down the mountain for a short distance before turning northwards, paralleling Pennsylvania Route 309 and briefly Pennsylvania Route 437 . The creek then enters Hanover Township . It picks up Pine Creek and cuts a gap through Wilkes-Barre Mountain and then through Ashley . Upon leaving Ashley, it heads into Wilkes-Barre , picking up Sugar Notch Run and Spring Run. The creek soon turns west into Hanover Township again, having flowed 6 miles (9.7\u00a0km) by this point. It enters the Susquehanna River at Hanover Green . Sugar Notch Run, Pine Creek and Spring Run are two tributaries of Solomon Creek. Sugar Notch Run is 3.46 miles (5.57\u00a0km) long, Pine Creek is 7.68 miles (12.36\u00a0km) long, and Spring Run is 2.93 miles (4.72\u00a0km) long. Spring Run is an intermittent stream . There are two other ephemeral tributaries that are not officially named, but are known locally as Sulfur Run and the Lee Park tributary. Historically, Solomon Creek had at least seven tributaries, including one named Buttonwood Creek. However, several tributaries largely disappeared by the late 1890s due to mining in the watershed. Solomon Creek has an orange color as it flows past Wilkes-Barre, due to acid mine drainage . The tributaries Sugar Notch Run and Spring Run lose most of their discharge (75% in the case of Spring Run) when passing over subterranean mine pools. The discharge of the creek is 3.39 cubic feet per second. Between 1938 and 1989, the highest recorded discharge of the creek was 2450 cubic feet per second. This occurred on August 18, 1955. The discharge was not higher than 1610 cubic feet per second on any other year during that time period. The daily load of aluminum [ note 1 ] in Solomon Creek ranges from 8.8 pounds (4.0\u00a0kg) at a site below Pine Creek to 87.9 pounds (39.9\u00a0kg) at the Buttonwood Tunnel. The average load is 29.6 pounds (13.4\u00a0kg) per day. The lowest load of iron is 0 pounds (0\u00a0kg) per day at the site below Pine Creek and Solomon Creek at Sugar Notch Run and the highest is 9,624 pounds (4,365\u00a0kg) per day at the Buttonwood Tunnel. The average is 2,305.5 pounds (1,045.8\u00a0kg) per day. The Solomon Creek boreholes and the Nottingham-Buttonwood Airshaft are the second-largest and third-largest sources of iron discharge in the Coal Region , contributing 9.07% and 7.85% of the iron load in the region, respectively. The daily load of manganese ranges between 0.7 pounds (0.32\u00a0kg) above Pine Creek and 1,086 pounds (493\u00a0kg) at the Buttonwood Tunnel and the average daily load is 260.1 pounds (118.0\u00a0kg). The load of acidity in the creek ranges from 0 at site SR to 1,506.1 pounds (683.2\u00a0kg) per day at the Buttonwood Tunnel. The average load of acidity per day is 628.9 pounds (285.3\u00a0kg). The alkalinity load ranges from 288.4 pounds (130.8\u00a0kg) on Sugar Notch Run to 135,660.8 pounds (61,534.7\u00a0kg) at the Buttonwood Tunnel. The average daily load of alkalinity is 23,716 pounds (10,757\u00a0kg). At a large number of sites within the Solomon Creek watershed in 2011, the water temperature ranged from 34\u00a0\u00b0F (1\u00a0\u00b0C) at site SC12 to 70\u00a0\u00b0C (158\u00a0\u00b0F) at sites above, below, and on Sugar Notch Run. At these same sites, the pH ranged from 4.5 at a site on Sugar Notch Run to 7.5 two sites on an unnamed tributary, one site below Sugar Notch Run, and a site on another unnamed tributary. The iron concentration ranged from 0 at over 20 sites to 36 milligrams per liter at an acid mine drainage discharge in the watershed. The concentration of dissolved oxygen ranged from 0 at eight sites to 13 milligrams per liter at SU01, and on Pine Creek northeast of Pennsylvania Route 309 and below Unnamed Tributary 4. There are six locations in the Solomon Creek watershed where mine drainage is discharged. Ten miles (sixteen kilometers) of the streams on the creek's watershed are rendered devoid of life by mine drainage. According to Robert Hughes, the Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation's executive director, the water level of Solomon Creek has risen since the middle of the 19th century. There are large amounts of sediment along the creek. Sediment piles are over 2 feet (0.61\u00a0m) on the creek at Division Street and 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) or 4 feet (1.2\u00a0m) in the Brookside area. Sewage is discharged into the creek at several locations. It has been discharged into the creek since at least 1909. Additionally, there are debris dams in various areas on the creek. Solomon Creek is located at the edge of the ridge and valley geographic province, in the Anthracite Valley section. There is a ridge in the creek's watershed called the Wilkes-Barre Mountain. On the ridge, the Mauch Chunk Formation exists, with red shale , sandstone , and siltstone . Other significant rock formations in the watershed include the Pocono Formation with olive and gray rocks and the Spechty Kopf formation. Under the Spechty Kopf formation lie rocks of the Catskill Formation . The watershed is located in the Wyoming Coal Basin , the southwestern sub-basin of the Coal Region . The creek's headwaters have glacial deposition from the Wisconsonian glacial period . At the headwaters of the tributary Spring Creek, there is a rock formation of light gray conglomerate called Prospect Rock. It is 1,394 feet (425\u00a0m) above sea level and 2.25 miles (3.62\u00a0km) southeast of Wilkes-Barre's Public Square. An unconformity lies between the Catskill Formation and the Spechty Kopf Formation. The sandstone in the latter formation are mostly cross-bedded , although some areas have planar bedding . The Llewellyn Formation , containing conglomerate and sandstone is found in the Spring Run and Sugar Notch Run sub-watersheds. The upper part of Solomon Creek is located in the Pocono Plateau . The lowest elevation in the watershed is 560 feet (170\u00a0m) on the western side of the creek's floodplain. The highest elevation is 2,148 feet (655\u00a0m) on Haystack Mountain . The elevation of the creek's mouth is 594 feet (181\u00a0m) above sea level . The creek's source is just under 1,840 feet (560\u00a0m) above sea level. There are 14 coal seams in the Solomon Creek watershed. The deepest seam is the Bottom Red Ash. Other seams included the Middle Red Ash, the Top Red Ash, the Checker Bed, the Pittston Bed, the Ross Bed, the Skidmore Bed, the Kidney Bed, the Snake Island Bed, the Hillman Bed, and the Abbott Bed. There are also three numbered beds called the #2, #3, and #4 beds. Historically, parts of the seams were within 50 feet (15\u00a0m) of the surface, but they were completely mined. Areas along the banks of the creek are covered in coal ash , coal silt , sand, and gravel. There are gravel bars and point bars in the lower reaches of the creek. The lower reaches of Solomon Creek have a 0.2% grade. In the Solomon Gap, there are piles coal ash that is pink and orange due to oxidation. These piles rise as high as 60 feet (18\u00a0m) to 100 feet (30\u00a0m). Similarly-colored coal is found in sediment and gravel bars in the creek. Soils in the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 207, in the Solomon Creek watershed, include the Arnot Rock outcrop complex. On hills with a grade higher than 25%, the steep variety of this soil appears. It is a dark brown silt loam with a bedrock depth of 12 inches (30\u00a0cm). It has fast runoff and 3% to 40% of the surface is covered with boulders . The regular variety of this soil, which occurs on slopes with a grade of 8% to 25%, is the same, but has a bedrock depth of 18 inches (46\u00a0cm) and slower runoff. The area of Solomon Creek's watershed is 18.2 square miles. The watershed area is 60% forested land and 26% developed land. Nearly 7% of the land is considered disturbed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . This includes abandoned coal mines and quarries . In specific, 6748 acres are forest, 1839 acres are considered \"low-intensity development\" by the Environmental Protection Agency, 1174 acres are considered \"high-intensity development\" by the Environmental Protection Agency 509 acres are devoted to hay or pastureland, and 492 acres are considered \"transition\" by the Environmental Protection Agency. Crops are grown on 336 acres, quarries occupy 215 acres, wetland makes up 77 acres, coal mines make up 64 acres, and grass occupies 22 acres. There are a total of 26.66 miles (42.91\u00a0km) stream miles in the watershed. Deciduous forest occupies much of the southern part of the watershed. Most of the agricultural land is located on a floodplain at the mouth of the creek. There are nine municipalities in the Solomon Creek watershed. Most of the watershed is in Ashley, Laurel Run, Wilkes-Barre Township , and Hanover Township. Smaller parts of the watershed are in Wilkes-Barre, Bear Creek Township, Fairview Township, Rice Township , and Sugar Notch . In the 2000 United States Census , there were 928 households in the Solomon Creek area and an average household size of 4.6 people. This indicates a population of 4269 for the Solomon Creek watershed. There is a higher-than-average concentration of people over 65 years of age in the watershed. Major roads in the watershed include Interstate 81 and Pennsylvania Route 309. There are five designated sub-watersheds of the Solomon Creek watershed. They are the upper and lower Solomon Creek watershed, the Pine Creek watershed, the Spring Run watershed, and the Sugar Notch Run watershed. Neighboring watersheds include those of Little Wapwallopen Creek and Big Wapwallopen Creek . Native Americans settled in the Solomon Creek watershed by approximately 8000 B.C. to 6000 B.C. Ebenezer Hibbard was an early European settler on the creek, living there by 1772. The creek is named after a person with the surname of Solomon, who settled at the mouth of the creek in 1774. In the early 1800s, Europeans first realized the natural resources of the watershed. In the early 1800s, there was a tavern called Inman's Tavern and several cabins in the Solomon Gap. In the mid-1800s, the population of the watershed increased significantly due to coal mining and timbering opportunities. The first road in Fairview Township, the Wilkes-Barre and Hazleton Turnpike , started at Solomon Creek. There are waterfalls called Solomon's Falls on Solomon Creek. They were called a \"beautiful cascade\" by Philadelphia's Portfolio in 1809, although a 1909 book stated that the waterfalls were no longer \"picturesque\" or \"delightful\". The falls were between 50 feet (15\u00a0m) and 60 feet (18\u00a0m). In 1809, Richard and Israel Inman constructed a gristmill at the foot of Solomon's Falls. It was converted to a house in 1833 and destroyed in 1850. A gristmill on the creek in Hanover Township had been built by 1812 and was run by George Mesinger. It was destroyed in 1840. In 1845, William Petty constructed the gristmill called Petty Mill in Hanover Township. This mill burned down in 1887. The Wyoming Division Canal , which was constructed in the 1830s, started at Solomon Creek. Construction of the Ashley Planes in the Solomon Creek gap began in 1837. They were used until 1848. An iron-producing forge operated on the creek in Ashley until 1839. There was also a sawmill on it until 1839. A powder mill operated on Solomon Creek, but was replaced with a brewery by 1885. A slaughterhouse discharged its waste into the creek in the early 20th century. The creek was used as the water supply for the Huber Breaker from the 1930s to the 1970s. The Wilkes-Barre and Hazleton Railway passed over Solomon Creek. Mining has been done in the Solomon Creek watershed in the past, causing considerable environmental damage. The mining began in the beginning of the 1800s and continued until the 1970s. However, there was one strip mining permit in the watershed in the late 1990s. Starting in 1967, the mine pools under the creek stopped having water pumped out of them. This led to them flooding and damaging buildings in the watershed in 1972 during Hurricane Agnes . To remedy the problem of the flooding, the Buttonwood Tunnel and three boreholes known as the South Wilkes-Barre Boreholes were created. The water quality of the creek was assessed in 1970 as part of Operation Scarlift . A 1977 study by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission observed brook trout inhabiting the watershed, although the stream was listed as impaired on account of the mining. A plan called the Solomon Creek Cold Water Conservation Plan was initiated in the summer of 2011 and continued into 2012. A mine fire known as the Laurel Run mine fire started burning in the watershed of Solomon Creek since 1915, when a miner accidentally left a carbide lamp hanging from a timber support in the Red Ash Coal Mine. The lamp caused the support to catch fire. The fire may continue into the 22nd century. The fire was contained in 1973, but was not extinguished. Had the fire not been contained, it would have eventually spread under the entirety of the Wyoming Valley . The fire burns between 200 feet (61\u00a0m) and 300 feet (91\u00a0m) underground at a temperature of approximately 1,000\u00a0\u00b0F (538\u00a0\u00b0C). The creek flooded in September 1850. It was the most severe flood of the creek up to that time. In January 1996, 400 buildings along Solomon Creek flooded by it due to melting snow. This was one of numerous floods on that area of the creek. Solomon Creek has also been called Chester Creek and Solomon Creek by locals. It was called Moses Creek on maps of Pennsylvania created by William Scull in the 1770s. This last name may be named after an Indian, although it is not known for sure. In 1975, a study found no fish species on the creek. However, brook trout have been observed at seven locations on Solomon Creek. Brook trout are especially common on the tributary Sugar Notch Run. Trout reproduce everywhere in the tributary Pine Creek and reproduce in the main stem as far downstream as southern Wilkes-Barre. Above of the South Wilkes-Barre borehole , a number of other fish species have been observed. These include eastern blacknose dace , bluegill , creek chub , fallfish , minnows , northern hog sucker , and white sucker . However, there are no species of fish downstream of the borehole. Out of 46 sites on the creek, 30 had sufficient macroinvertebrate concentrations to support trout. 2.6 stream miles in the watershed are home to brook trout fisheries . This area is in Hanover Township, Laurel Run , and Bear Creek Township . The most common aquatic insects at the headwaters of unimpaired streams in the watershed of Solomon Creek are alderflies , caddis flies , dragonflies , mayflies , and stoneflies . Three sites in the watershed are considered \"suboptimal\" according to the WVSOS system. 20 sites are considered \"marginal\" and the remainder are \"poor\". The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 207 are located in the southeastern part of the Solomon Creek Watershed. They take up 6.7% of the watershed. Parts of Pinchot State Forest are also in the watershed; the forest occupies 12.6% of it. Two of the trails in the 139-acre Sugar Notch Trail System are located in the sub-watershed of Sugar Notch Run. The creek is stocked with trout in some places. There are ATV trails in the watershed. ", ["2_975"]] [20977, "The BRP Hilario Ruiz (PC-378) is the eighth ship of the Jose Andrada class coastal patrol boats of the Philippine Navy . It is part of the first batch of its class ordered through US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) in 1990, and was commissioned with the Philippine Navy on 1 June 1995. It was initially designated as Fast Patrol Craft, and was numbered \"DF-378\", but later on was re-designated as Patrol Gunboat \"PG-378\". Another round of reclassification was made in April 2016, which redesignated the patrol gunboat as the coastal patrol craft BRP Hilario Ruiz (PC-377). The ship was built to US Coast Guard standards with aluminum hull and superstructure. She is powered by two Detroit Diesel 16V-92TA Diesel Engines with a combined power of around 2,800\u00a0hp driving two propellers for a maximum speed of 28 knots (52\u00a0km/h). Maximum range is 1,200\u00a0nmi (2,200\u00a0km) at 12 knots (22\u00a0km/h), or alternatively 600\u00a0nmi (1,100\u00a0km) at 24 knots (44\u00a0km/h). The ship originally designed to carry one bow Mk.3 40 mm gun , one 81\u00a0mm mortar aft, and four 12.7\u00a0mm/50 caliber machine guns. Instead, she is armed with only four M2HB Browning 12.7 mm/50 caliber machine guns on Mk.26 mounts, with two positioned forward and two aft; and two M60 7.62 mm/30 caliber machine guns , both mounted amidships. The ship can carry 4,000 rounds of 12.7\u00a0mm and 2,000 rounds of 7.62\u00a0mm A large \"Big Eyes\" binocular is also carried on tripod mounts, one on the forecastle and one just above the mast. As part of the first batch (PG-370 to PG-378), it is not equipped with Mk.38 Mod.0 M242 Bushmaster 25mm chain gun that her other sister ships carry. [ N 2 ] It was planned to install either a stabilized or unstabilized M242 25\u00a0mm Bushmaster chain gun on her bow after some minor modifications, but as of to date has not materialized.She is equipped with a Raytheon AN/SPS-64(V)11 surface search and navigation radar but with a smaller antenna as those used in bigger Philippine Navy ships. In February 2009, she was installed with the Philippine Navy Vessel Tracking System (VTS) by the Naval Sea Systems Command, and was tested by the Naval Communications Electronics and Information Systems Center (NCEISC) of the Philippine Navy. A 4-meter rigid inflatable boat powered by a 40-hp outboard motor is stowed amidships. ", ["2_977"]] [20978, "Empire Ranch is a working cattle ranch in southeastern Pima County , Arizona , that was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In its heyday, Empire Ranch was one of the largest in Arizona, with a range spanning over 180 square miles (470\u00a0km 2 ), and its owner, Walter L. Vail, was an important figure in the establishment of southern Arizona's cattle industry. It is currently owned by the Bureau of Land Management with a grazing lease to a private operator. Empire Ranch is located on the eastern slope of the Santa Rita Mountains in Cienega Valley, fifty-two miles southeast of Tucson and about 10 miles (16\u00a0km) north of Sonoita . The property overlooks a shallow depression called Empire Gulch, through which a spring-fed rivulet bordered by cottonwoods courses eastward to Cienega Creek. The surrounding meadows are \"thickly covered\" with sacaton and salt grass . Tucson businessman Edward Nye Fish first occupied the site of the ranch in 1871, but it is uncertain whether or not he built the original four-room adobe house and corral, which may have already been there when he arrived. On August 22, 1876, an Easterner named Walter Vail and his English business partner, Herbert R. Hislop, purchased Empire Ranch and its 612 head of cattle from Fish and his partner, Simon Silverberg, who had acquired the 160-acre tract only two months earlier from Fish's brother-in-law, William Wakefield, at a price of $ 500. Fish and Silverberg wanted $3,800 for the ranch and cattle; but to expedite the sale, they settled on a considerably lower price of $1,174. Vail and Hislop immediately began expanding their holdings in the area by acquiring new lands and improving the ranch's infrastructure. In its heyday, Empire controlled 180 square miles (470\u00a0km 2 ) of rangeland between the Santa Rita, Rincon , Whetstone , and Huachuca Mountains . When Walter's wife, Margaret, arrived from New Jersey in the summer of 1881, Vail undertook a variety of improvements on the ranch house. Up to that time, Walter had added only a kitchen, pantry, cook's room, and business office to the original four-room structure \u2013 just enough to accommodate the cowboys who worked on the ranch. Shortly after Margaret's arrival, Walter built her an eight-room addition to the earlier dwelling, including two bedrooms, a living room, a dining area and a covered porch. The imposing structure boasted 12 feet (3.7\u00a0m) high ceilings, three stone fireplaces for heating, and a fashionable half-hexagon bay window opening off the living room. The Empire Ranch house became a showplace ranch house in southern Arizona. The red-shingled adobe building proved so attractive that, contrary to the common practice among territorial ranch families, Margaret chose to live on the ranch instead of a separate residence in Tucson. More rooms were added as the years went on, resulting in the current twenty-two room house that is preserved today. The origin of the name Empire Ranch remains unclear. Walter's brother, Edward, said that Walter renamed the Fish holdings after acquiring the property in 1876, claiming \"he would make an Empire of it someday.\" However, in writing to his sister on November 25, 1876, Herbert Hislop stated: \" ...it was called the Empire Ranch before we bought it and we have not altered the name.\" Other accounts suggest that either Fish called the quarter-section spread \"the Empire\" in a promotional flurry to make it more attractive, or that William Wakefield named the ranch after the nearby Empire Mountains. The evidence weighs against Edward Vail's romanticized version. Vail and Hislop hoped to increase their herd of cattle to about five thousand head. To underwrite expansion and help meet their debts, they took in a third partner in October 1876. Another Englishman, John H. Harvey, had heard about the ranch through Walter's uncle, Nathan. Nathan Vail had been a friend and one-time business partner of Harvey's uncle in England. Learning that John Harvey had money to invest, Nathan had encouraged him to visit Tucson and the Empire Ranch, which he did in the early weeks of October. The wealthy Englishman, although inexperienced at ranching, saw strong potential for the small ranching venture and joined the partnership. The firm changed its name to Vail, Hislop, and Harvey. The neighboring cattlemen called them the \"English Boys' Outfit.\" To keep pace with its new identity, the Empire changed horse brands from \"V\" to \"VH,\" but kept the familiar heart-shaped brand for the cattle. Indian raids were an ever-present threat, and nearby ranches stopped operation. The Empire, however, remained to fight for their land and their horses (which were considered the prize to the Indians). In the earliest years, hostile Apaches were an ever-present threat to the ranching operations. The Chiricahua Apaches , who had been moved to the San Carlos Indian Reservation in June 1876, became restless and fled south to their old haunts in the Whetstone and Chiricahua Mountains . Roving bands raided ranches throughout the Cienega Valley, escaping to the nearby hills with a prized haul of horses. Ranchers who sought to retrieve their stack often came back empty-handed, or failed to return at all. In the face of increasing raids, several ranchers near the Empire abandoned their holdings and moved to Tucson. Vail and Hislop, however, were willing to \"shoot the renegades on sight.\" The ranch's isolation and its herd of workhorses made it a likely target for attack. The ranch lay a full day's ride by horseback from Tucson. The only major ranch in the vicinity was Don Sanford's Stock Valley Ranch, located 5 miles (8\u00a0km) northeast. Vail and Hislop knew that help would not be forthcoming in the event of a raid. The horses had to be constantly guarded. During the day, the riding stock, which numbered nine saddle horses, twenty brood mares, and twelve colts, grazed in a large fenced-in pasture 600 feet (200\u00a0m) from the ranch house. At night they corralled their stock in an adobe enclosure attached to the house. The possibility of a devastating loss of riding stock remained foremost in their thoughts, as Hislop reflected: \"How long we shall keep them out of Apaches' hands I do not know, as I suspect we being the only owners of any number of horses around here, that they will pay us a visit.\" The Indian activity prompted the United States Army to take action. Writing to his brother, Edward Vail, on January 20, 1876, Walter reported that \"this last outbreak has made so much talk that the Government is going to establish a fort 25 miles (40\u00a0km) south of our place, which I hope will put a stop to Indian trouble in this part of the country.\" As anticipated, the army established Camp Huachuca on March 3, 1877. However, the camp was too distant to provide protection for the Cienega Valley. Vail and his partners refused to be terrorized by the Apaches. They instructed their cowboys to ride the range well-armed and never alone. Even when renegades were reported in the vicinity the cattlemen would not curtail ranch activities. As Edward Vail related: \"... the Indians were supposed to be out, but we never stayed home on that account, as it was necessary to keep working.\" The youthful cattlemen did not suffer greatly from the Apaches. They struck repeatedly in the vicinity but made off with only two horses of the \"VH\" brand. In a series of raids between August 1876 and February 1877, they stole several herds of livestock and killed three cowboys immediately south of the ranch, but each time skirted around the property. Yet not until Geronimo 's renegades surrendered to General Nelson A. Miles on September 4, 1886, did the owners of Empire Ranch completely relax. An opportunity to build the Empire herd came in January 1877. The three cattlemen, hoping to avoid the expense and trouble of driving herds from distant ranges, had made inquiries about other cattle in southern Arizona. In the latter part of January, they learned that S. S. \"Yankee\" Miller, foreman for John Chisum 's ranch on the San Pedro River near St. David , had driven a large herd of Durhams, Herefords, and longhorns from New Mexico to the vicinity of Benson . Vail visited Miller at his Benson encampment and purchased 793 cattle at fourteen dollars per head. In the same exchange, Vail disposed of 620 sheep that he had previously bought from his neighbor, Henry M. Kemp. The flock had been a constant nuisance; and Vail gladly parted with them, even at a loss of forty cents per head. The transaction was not without incident, though. Before Vail could remove the herd, a band of Chiricahua Apaches silently approached Miller's compound and crept away with all their horses under cover of darkness. Vail awoke before dawn to discover the loss. Several of the trail crew set out on foot to pursue the thieves south to the Whetstone Mountains but en route dropped the plan for fear the Apaches might outnumber them in their mountain stronghold. They went back by Empire Ranch and picked up enough horses to enable them to safely drive the cattle from the Chisum range to the ranch. In this incident, the Empire's closest scrape with Apaches, Vail had been fortunate; he had lost only one horse, none of the cattle, and no one had been hurt. In the late spring of 1877, Vail, Hislop, and Harvey decided to introduce better bred beeves into their herd. In April, Walter Vail rode east with Miller and a Chisum trail outfit to John Chisum's Long Rail Ranch on the Pecos River in New Mexico. Here, Vail purchased forty Durham bulls from Chisum, but injured his knee before he could start back to Arizona. Leaving the cattle, he went to a cousin's home in Netawaka, Kansas , and spent five painful months recuperating. In the fall, Vail and several Chisum trailhands drove the blooded bulls through Apache-controlled territory to the Empire Ranch. During Vail's absence, Hislop and Harvey had trouble with a sheepherder settling adjacent to Empire Ranch. The neighbor refused to contain his flock on his own range and arrogantly drove them onto the ranchland to water. When the sheep crowded along Cienega Creek, cattle were forced to scatter and move away from the water. The situation infuriated Hislop, who warned the trespasser to stay clear of their land or they would stampede his sheep. The sheepman ignored Hislop's warnings, and the prospect of range warfare loomed. On February 4, 1878, Hislop wrote the following in a letter to his sister:... it seems to me nothing but trouble the whole time, how things are going to turn out time alone will prove. I only hope that no shooting will occur... but I do not intend to talk to him again on the subject of his sheep. My partner Vail has just returned ... and is very hostile on the subject. I think it needs an American to talk to another American and he means war to the knife. Although the dispute never erupted into conflict, it was a decisive factor in Hislop's decision to give up ranching and return to England. By March 1878, he became annoyed at Vail and Harvey's reluctance to market livestock and recoup their initial investment costs. The partners wanted to delay sales until their herds had produced several calf crops. The troublesome neighbor only reinforced Hislop's distaste for the entire ranching venture. Vail urged him to reconsider, but Hislop would not be swayed. Walter borrowed $6,850 from his Aunt Anna, Nathan's wife, and bought Hislop's interest in the ranch. Upon his departure, Hislop announced that he would never return to \"this bloody country again.\" Within a year of Hislops departure, Vail and Harvey welcomed a new partner, Walter's older brother Edward. Edward \"Ned\" Vail had corresponded with Walter since 1876 and shared his brother's belief that the cattle trade would soon be a large and prosperous industry in Arizona. Ned had been brought up on the family farm in New Jersey and then worked seven years in a ship chandler 's store in New York City . Like Walter, Ned had no experience with cattle when he arrived at Empire Ranch on May 14, 1879. Walter immediately put his brother to work on the range, thereby forcing Edward to acquire a cattleman's skill and \"carry his weight\" at the ranch. While Walter and his partners were readying their first cattle for market, a silver discovery was made near Empire Ranch which vitally affected its destiny. In January 1879, an itinerant prospector named John T. Dillon, located three mining claims on the boulder-strewn eastern slope of the Empire Mountains. \"The whole damned hill is a total wreck,\" Dillon remarked to co-claimants Walter L. Vail and John A. Harvey. Vail and Harvey liked the description and christened one of the three sites the \"Total Wreck.\" Legal entanglements prevented immediate exploitation of the claim; but when the court re-affirmed their title, the owners incorporated the operation as the Total Wreck Mining and Milling Company. In 1881, Walter and Nathan Vail secured full control of the corporation, sold shares of the company in New York City, and launched a large-scale development at the Total Wreck. Two years later, its production rivaled that of the most prosperous mines in Arizona Territory . However, the depression in silver prices in 1884 crippled the operation, and the Vails closed it three years later when ore yields fell too low for profit. Although the Total Wreck prospered for only a brief period, it produced over $500,000 in revenue, which contributed significantly to the expansion and development of Empire Ranch. In 1886, the ranch was incorporated as the Empire Land and Cattle Company, with California entrepreneur Carroll W. Gates buying half-interest in 1889. The Empire management searched out new markets in Kansas City and Los Angeles when the home market collapsed in the mid-1880s. Vail and Gates bought or leased additional grasslands in Texas , Oklahoma , Kansas , and California during drought years of the early nineties. While furthering his own business, Vail argued prominently for cattlemen's interests as a legislator, county supervisor, and president of the Livestock Ranchman's Association. By 1898, the Vails had nearly forty thousand cattle, most of which were Herefords , on their combined ranges. Vail and Gates converted the home ranch fully to \"breeder-feeder\" operations, with Arizona-bred cattle shipped outside the territory to fatten. Beginning in 1902, they siphoned corporate assets into lucrative real estate, horse raising, and resort investments on the West Coast. For a time, California endeavors profited Vail and Gates more so than the Arizona ranch. Although Walter Vail died in 1906, his heirs operated Empire Ranch by the same, successful principles Walter had used, until its final sale to the Boice, Gates and Johnston company in 1928. By 1951, Frank Boice and his family assumed full control of the property. Around the same time, the ranch was featured in several Western films starring many of Hollywood 's most famous actors, such as John Wayne , Gregory Peck and Steve McQueen . In 1969, Empire Ranch was sold to the Gulf American Corporation for a proposed real estate development and later resold to the Anamax Mining Company for mining and water potential. None of these developments materialized, and the ranch continues to work with cattle. In the 1980s, the owners began to restore the buildings to their original state and in 1988 the ranch became public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The Empire Ranch Foundation was established as a private non-profit organization in 1997 to work with the BLM to develop private support to preserve the buildings and enhance the educational and recreational opportunities it offers to the public. In 2000, Congress combined Empire Ranch and the surrounding ranchland with the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area . The Vera Earl Ranch assumed the grazing lease on the Empire Ranch in 2008. On April 25\u201326, 2017, the Sawmill Fire , which had been started two days earlier by a gender reveal party , significantly impacted the Empire Ranch, though fortunately its historic buildings were not damaged by the flames thanks to the efforts of firefighters. During the incident, the fire came as close as 50 feet to the buildings. ", ["2_978"]] [20980, "Lillestr\u00f8m is a town located some 18\u00a0km (11\u00a0mi) east-northeast of Oslo , the capital city of Norway . With a population of 14,379 inhabitants (18,805 including Kjeller), it is the administrative centre of Lillestr\u00f8m Municipality in Akershus County , and lies within the traditional district of Romerike . The name means \"the little [part of] Str\u00f8m\", Str\u00f8m being the name of an old and large farm ( Old Norse : straumr , which also meant \"stream\" as well).Lillestr\u00f8m's history dates back to the times river powered sawmills came into use for the production of building materials. Later Lillestr\u00f8m got its own steam sawmill which laid the base for the development of the area that became the town. The area was, by and large, a moss covered swamp-like area, at the time considered almost uninhabitable. However, the almost non-existent property values were judged to be a fair exchange and so the workers started living and settling in the area around the sawmill, and Lillestr\u00f8m was born. [ citation needed ]On 1 January 1908 Lillestr\u00f8m became a municipality of its own, having been split from Skedsmo. At that time Lillestr\u00f8m municipality had a population of 4,351 [ citation needed ] . On 1 January 1962 the two municipalities were reunited under the name Skedsmo. Before the merger Lillestr\u00f8m municipality had a population of 10,840. In 1997, Skedsmo municipal council declared Lillestr\u00f8m to be a town ( by ) in its own right (an honorary status which has no effect upon the organization of local government). The event is commemorated annually with a 4-day street fair.In 2020, Skedsmo was merged with the neighbouring municipalities S\u00f8rum and Fet to form a new municipality named Lillestr\u00f8m .Norwegian national road 159 is a four-lane motorway connecting central Lillestr\u00f8m and Oslo. The E6 motorway bypasses Lillestr\u00f8m a few kilometres to the west on its way from Oslo to the north of the country. National road 22 , running from northwest to southeast, passes through the north of the town.Lillestr\u00f8m is connected to Oslo by three separate railway lines. The Trunk Line (opened 1854) running south to Oslo via the Grorud valley is used mostly by commuter and freight trains, while the northern part of the line carries frequent local passenger trains as far as Dal as well as freight trains to Eidsvoll , Lillehammer , and Trondheim . Non-stop commuter, airport express, and long-distance express trains use the high-speed Gardermoen Line (opened 1999), which runs mostly through tunnels from Oslo to Lillestr\u00f8m, is used by airport express trains, regional trains to Eidsvoll and Lillehammer , and long-distance passenger services to Trondheim to the north. The Kongsvinger Line (opened 1862), running northeast from Lillestr\u00f8m conveys hourly local trains to Kongsvinger as well as a number of longer-distance passenger and freight trains to and from Sweden .Kjeller , a town contiguous with the north of Lillestr\u00f8m, is the site of Kjeller Airfield , which has a long history of both military and civilian use. Founded in 1912, it is one of the world's oldest airports. Today, the airfield is used mainly by light aircraft, and major air traffic is routed to the international airport at Gardermoen (opened 1998). In November 2016, the Norwegian government decided that they would close the airfield by 2023 and plans to redevelop the land for housing and small businesses. Lillestr\u00f8m is home to three primary schools (Vigernes, Volla and Kjeller), a lower secondary school (Kjellervolla), and two upper secondary schools (Lillestr\u00f8m and Skedsmo). The town also hosts a Folkeuniversitet campus, the Norwegian Correctional Service's college and a satellite campus of Oslo Metropolitan University . The municipality in Lillestr\u00f8m is controlled by the local Labor party . Since 2011, Ole Jacob Fl\u00e6ten has been Lillestr\u00f8m's mayor.The head office of Accident Investigation Board Norway is located in Lillestr\u00f8m. The local football team, Lillestr\u00f8m SK , plays in the Eliteserien . Their home ground is \u00c5r\u00e5sen stadion .The nearby Lillestr\u00f8m stadion is used for training, and was an ice hockey venue at the 1952 Winter Olympics . There are also two indoor arenas, one multi-purpose ( Skedsmohallen ) and one for football ( LSK-Hallen ), and in 2007 a track and field stadium Romerike Friidrettsstadion was built as a cooperation between the municipalities Skedsmo, R\u00e6lingen and L\u00f8renskog . The local track and field club is named Minerva. Athletes such as Hanne Haugland and H\u00e5kon S\u00e4rnblom have represented the club.Rugby league is represented by newly formed rugby league club Lillestr\u00f8m Lions RLK, who are Scandinavia's first ever rugby league club. Nitja Center of contemporary Art is located in Lillestr\u00f8m. 59\u00b057\u2032N 11\u00b005\u2032E \ufeff / \ufeff 59.950\u00b0N 11.083\u00b0E \ufeff / 59.950; 11.083", ["2_980"]] [20981, "Albert Krumm (January 13, 1865 \u2013 June 15, 1937) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in 1889 with the Pittsburgh Alleghenys and had his single major league start on May 17 of that year. Primarily a steelworker, he had a reputation as a \"troublemaker.\" He was in spring training with the Washington Senators in 1895 and pitched in an exhibition game with Varney Anderson but did not make the team. Krumm walked ten batters during his first game with the Alleghenys. He stayed with the team until July but never pitched again. He was born in Pennsylvania and died in San Diego, California .This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1860s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_981"]] [20982, "Sallie Ford and the Sound Outside was an American rock band from Portland, Oregon . The band has been described as \"Rockabilly\", or as having a \"raw soul\" 1950s rock-and-roll energy sound. Sallie Ford describes it as \"Rock n Roll\" and that people find it \"more rockin\u2019 than they expected.\" The group received positive reviews from USA Today's music critic Whitney Matheson and from The Oregonian critic Ryan White. In 2011, they signed a record deal with Partisan Records and released their first full-length CD Dirty Radio in May, began a US tour in June, and in August, performed on the Late Show with David Letterman . Sallie Ford is the daughter of puppeteer Hobey Ford, and grew up in Asheville, North Carolina before moving to Oregon. In Portland, she worked as a waitress, and met Alaskan fisherman Tyler Tornfelt and Ford Tennis and Jeff Munger who were \"scraping by\". With Ford on vocals and guitar, Tennis on drums, Munger on guitar, and Tornfelt on upright bass, they had a band in 2007. They played local clubs in the Portland area.According to singer Seth Avett of The Avett Brothers , Ford's songs have that \"rare quality of somehow combining fun with emotional and artistic integrity\" and she \"fills the room with it\" and reminds him of the \"energy of early rock 'n' roll.\" The group opened for The Avett Brothers and recorded a five-song EP entitled Not an Animal . Ford's voice has been compared to Ella Fitzgerald , Tom Waits , Billie Holiday , with possible influences from Bessie Smith and Snoop Dogg , and used the words \"two-step big beat gospel\" to describe the effect. The group has toured the United States, including cities such as Seattle , and have appeared in Nashville . A reviewer for the Portland Mercury suggested that listeners should dress in 1950s style with a \" trilby hat\", and described the group as \"energetic.\" On December 17, 2013, the band announced that they would separate after 4 final shows. They closed things out with a pair of shows at the Doug Fir Lounge in Portland. As of March 2014, Ford had found a new backing band and was working on new material.", ["2_982"]] [20989, "The Knife Angel (also referred to as the National Monument Against Violence & Aggression ) is a contemporary sculpture formed of 100,000 knives created by artist Alfie Bradley and the British Ironworks Centre , based in Oswestry , England . Completed in 2018, the structure of the angel stands at 27\u00a0ft (8.2\u00a0m) tall. In order to create the sculpture, 200 knife banks were produced by the Ironworks and amnesties held for individuals to anonymously donate their knives. Knives seized by police were also included, some of which arrived in evidence tubes still with bodily fluids on their surface. The sculpture was created in order to highlight knife crime in the United Kingdom and educate young people on the harmful effect violent behaviour can have on their communities. The sculpture was made at a reported cost of \u00a3500,000. Once the knives were delivered to the British Ironworks Centre in Oswestry , Shropshire , each one was disinfected before being blunted. The knives were then welded onto an existing steel frame to form the body of the angel and remaining knives were welded onto steel plates to form the wings, giving a feather-like appearance. Families who lost loved ones as a result of knife crime were invited to have a message engraved onto a blade used in the sculpture. Over 80 families contacted the artist in order to engrave a personal message on a blade used in the wings. In 2014, early design stages of the Knife Angel are shown on the television show Escape to the Country where show host, Jules Hudson was allowed by artist, Alfie Bradley, to weld a WWII bayonet onto a metal plate as part of the project. The project was originally expected to be complete in 2015, as mentioned in the episode. Sketches of Alfie's Knife Angel are shown as well as his previous knife statues. Following the completion of the sculpture in 2018 it began a nationwide tour in order to highlight the anti-violence message behind its construction. The sculpture was on display in Corby Northamptonshire until 29 May 2022, and for the month of June was displayed in Aberystwyth. The sculpture was on display outside the Grand Entrance to Birkenhead Park on the Wirral Peninsula for July 2022. The sculpture was on display at Kirkleatham Museum, Redcar during August 2022. In December 2022 the Knife Angel travelled to Milton Keynes where a variety of educational events created a long lasting legacy.The Knife Angel was situated in Newport, near Friars Walk, for the month of November 2022. The Knife Angel was situated in Slough in January 2023, Gloucester Cathedral for February 2023 and Guildford Cathedral from 1 until 30 March 2023. It was in Crewe, Cheshire during May 2023, and arrived in Nuneaton , Warwickshire on 1 June to spend four weeks in the town's Market Place. It was then displayed in Lichfield , Staffordshire for a month from 1 July. The Knife Angel was taken to Colchester , Essex outside of the Jumbo water tower from 1ST of October until the 31ST of October 2023The Knife Angel was situated in Bolton , Greater Manchester , from 1 November 2023 until 30 November 2023. The Knife Angel then exhibited in Walsall remaining there till 28th of December 2023.On 25 January it was announced the Knife Angel would travel to be displayed at the Royal armouries in Leeds.The Knife Angel has been temporarily installed on The Rock in Bury on 29 February. The Knife Angel is displayed in Taunton, Somerset for the month of April 2024.\nIn May 2024, the Knife Angel was located at the Italian Gardens in Weston-super-Mare. The Knife Angel was displayed in Keel Square in Sunderland for the month of June 2024. For the month of July, The Knife Angel is on display outside the Victoria Centre, Southend-on-Sea.From 28th August 2024 The Knife Angel is displayed in Haverhill, Suffolk.With a similar theme, the Ironworks Centre has also made a 'Knife Bee' from knives and guns, with the bee symbolising industrious Manchester and the construction from weapons representing the city's intolerance of violence. Official website", ["2_989"]] [20991, "Ademir da Guia (born 3 April 1942) is a retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder during the 1960s and 1970s for Palmeiras , a leading association football team in Brazil , where he is still regarded as one of the club's all-time best players. Usually a playmaker , he was known for his fantastic close control and passing ability. He was nicknamed O Divino, which means The Divine One, the same nickname given to his father, Domingos da Guia. Da Guia was born in Rio de Janeiro . His father, Domingos da Guia was a former national team member who played at the 1938 FIFA World Cup . His uncle, Ladislau da Guia, had pursued the same career path at an earlier stage, playing for Bangu Atl\u00e9tico Clube , and becoming their all-time best scorer with 215 goals. In the 16 years Ademir da Guia spent playing for Palmeiras , he holds the record for the most appearances for the club and is the third best goalscorer ever, and won, amongst other titles, both the Campeonato Paulista and the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A five times. Unlike many distinguished football players in his country, Ademir did not have a prolonged and constant participation with the Brazil national team; playing in nine matches for Brazil in the total, the first six in 1965 and the other three in 1974, including at the 1974 FIFA World Cup when he got the chance to play in the match for third place against Poland (in which Brazil was defeated by 1\u20130). His lack of playing time was the result of being contemporary of such players as Pel\u00e9 , Rivellino , G\u00e9rson , Tost\u00e3o , Dirceu Lopes and Paulo C\u00e9sar .Da Guia played his farewell match on 18 September 1977 at Est\u00e1dio do Morumbi , S\u00e3o Paulo in a Campeonato Paulista match between his club Palmeiras and Corinthians , which the latter won 2\u20130. He was elected in 2004 for the legislative period of 2005\u20132008 as councilman for the city of S\u00e3o Paulo as a member of the Communist Party of Brazil , joining the Liberal Party later. ", ["2_991"]] [20992, "Southwest Federal Center is a business district in Southwest Washington, D.C. , nearly entirely occupied by offices for various branches of the U.S. Government , including many of the museums of the Smithsonian Institution . Southwest Federal Center lies between Independence Avenue and the National Mall to the north, the Southeast-Southwest Freeway ( Interstate 395 ) and the Washington Channel to the south, South Capitol Street to the east, and 15th Street SW to the west.Several U.S. Cabinet Departments have headquarters or large office complexes in the area, including the Agriculture (including a separate building dedicated to the Forest Service), Transportation , HUD , Health and Human Services , Education , and Energy Departments. The most prominent are the Department of Agriculture, which is housed in a neoclassical building complex that lines both sides of Independence Avenue, and the arcing high-rise of HUD, which is characterized by a unique installation of illuminated fiberglass rings in its 7th Street plaza. Additionally, NASA Headquarters is located in a large building at the corner of 4th and E Streets. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is also located in the Southwest Federal Center area.The office buildings for the U.S. House of Representatives line Independence Avenue on the south side of the U.S. Capitol ; two of these, the Rayburn and Ford House Office Buildings, are located in Southwest Federal Center (although the Ford building is not actually located on Independence Avenue, but is on 3rd Street between D Street and Virginia Avenue SW).The Smithsonian museums in Southwest Federal Center include the Hirshhorn Museum , the National Air and Space Museum , and the Museum of the American Indian , the Freer and Sackler galleries, the National Museum of African Art , and the Arts and Industries Building , as well as the Smithsonian Castle that forms the main offices for the Institution. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , though not affiliated with the Smithsonian, is also located in the vicinity.The few non-governmental businesses in the neighborhood include five hotels, St. Dominic's Catholic Church, a few restaurants, a power station for the neighborhood, the First District police station, and commercial spaces (e.g., convenience stores, bank branches, coffee shops, etc.) in the lobbies of the hotels and office buildings. Also, L'Enfant Plaza , a multi-building complex and promenade that includes both government and civilian offices (as well as an indoor shopping mall), is located off Independence Avenue.The Southwest Federal Center is served by the Smithsonian and Federal Center SW Metro stations on the Orange , Blue , Silver Lines, and by the L'Enfant Plaza station on the Green , Yellow , Silver , Orange, and Blue Lines.", ["2_992"]] [20993, "Arani Fort bus station , is the city of Arni 's main bus station. Arni is the second largest town in Tiruvannamalai district after Tiruvannamalai city . It is in the central part of Arni town and is near the Arni Fort, hence its name. This bus-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_993"]] [20994, "Kettle Creek Reservoir is a reservoir at Kettle Creek State Park in Leidy Township , Clinton County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is open to some recreational boating, fishing and ice fishing . It was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1961. Gas powered motors are prohibited on the reservoir. Motorized boats must be powered by electric motors only. Sailboats , rowboats , canoes , kayaks , and paddleboats are permitted on the waters of the lake. All boats must be properly registered with any state. The swimming area at the lake is on the northern end of the reservoir. Swim at your own risk. Lifeguards are not provided. The Kettle Creek Reservoir is impounded by the Alvin R. Bush Dam. The dam is an earth and rockfill, flood control dam. It stands at a maximum height of 165 feet (50\u00a0m) above the stream bed and is 1,350 feet (410\u00a0m) across. The reservoir has a capacity of 75,000 acre-feet (93,000,000\u00a0m 3 ) at the spillway crest. It covers 160 acres (0.65\u00a0km 2 ) and is 2.2 miles (3.5\u00a0km) long. Alvin R. Bush Dam controls about 226 square miles (590\u00a0km 2 ) of the Kettle Creek drainage area. This is 92% of the total Kettle Creek drainage area. The dam is named in the honor of former US House Representative for Pennsylvania's 15th District Alvin Ray Bush . ", ["2_994"]] [20997, "Stephen John Shutt (born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and NHL Hall of Famer who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), 12 seasons for the Montreal Canadiens and 1 season for the Los Angeles Kings . He is in the Hockey Hall of Fame. While playing for the Canadiens he captured 5 Stanley Cups in 1973 , 1976 , 1977 , 1978 , and 1979 . As a youth, he played in the 1964 and 1965 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with minor ice hockey teams from Toronto. Partnered with Jacques Lemaire and Guy Lafleur on the Montreal Canadiens , to form the top line in the NHL, Shutt became the first left-winger in NHL history to score 60 goals in a single season, with the historic goal being scored on April 3, 1977, against the Washington Capitals . During his career with Montreal, he was named to the NHL First All-Star team in 1977, and the NHL Second All-Star team in 1978 and 1980.\"They talk a lot about \u2018garbage goals\u2019, but it didn\u2019t come by luck....The timing of Steve Shutt was unbelievable. He was always at the right place, and that\u2019s not luck. You could have ten rebounds and not be there, but Steve Shutt was there ten times. He was always there to put the puck in the net.\"- Serge Savard on Shutt\u2019s positional awareness Despite being of relatively small stature and possessing average skating ability, Shutt had remarkable spatial awareness and was very positionally sound. He was consistently able to get into dead areas of coverage on the ice, either by anticipating where the puck was going to be or by arriving late on a play. He was also a masterful goal scorer, possessing a diverse arsenal of shots. His wrist shot was known for its superior accuracy, and Shutt was noted for his ability to consistently pick corners or hit the five-hole . \u201c Gerry Cheevers was actually in terror of this guy\".- Don Cherry on the accuracy and effectiveness of Shutt\u2019s slapshot Moreover, Shutt was famous for the power and unusual level of accuracy found in his slap shot , which he could get off in full stride while coming down the wing. Shutt was frequently able to let fly one or two steps inside the offensive zone and beat goalies clean. New York Islanders goaltender Billy Smith , who faced the Habs many times in the 70s and 80s, gave credit to the superiority of Shutt's slapshot:\u201cHe had a great shot. Unbelievable shot. He\u2019d come across the blue line and he could tee it up better than anybody. And he was accurate, which is scary for someone with a slap shot. \u201dIn addition to having a superb slap shot on the fly, the precision and consistency of Shutt's one timer also earned him a spot as the point man on the Habs\u2019 power play over many of the defencemen on his team. However, the most noteworthy part of Shutt's game was his ability to collect rebounds and turn them into so-called \u201cgarbage goals\u201d. As Shutt himself claimed, \u201cI\u2019m the only guy that could score goals and make it boring \u201d. This particular element of Shutt's playing style fit him into a long line of \u201cgarbage collectors\u201d who earned a majority of their goals from around the crease \u2013 players like Nels Stewart and Gordie Drillon before him, his contemporary Phil Esposito and skaters of a later generation such as Corey Perry . He had exceptional hand-eye coordination, and a deft knack for converting loose pucks into deflections \u2013 even batting in pucks which had bounced one or two feet off the ice. Noted author and sports columnist Brian McFarlane claimed that Shutt had the fastest set of hands around the net during his time in the NHL , with an ability to corral the puck with his skates as well as protect it with his body and stick. Shutt gave a simple explanation for how he developed his excellent reflexes as a child: \u201cWe always had about fifteen kids on the ice, and so there wasn\u2019t a lot of room. And so you had to be really quick with your hands. \u201dFollowing his playing career, Shutt worked as a television hockey commentator . From 1993 to 1997, he worked on the Canadiens coaching staff as an assistant coach on both the staffs of Jacques Demers and Mario Tremblay .Following his assistant coaching duties with the Montreal Canadiens, Shutt joined Toromont Industries as Manager of Recreational Facilities and Services and has been with them for the past 19 years. On November 22, 2003, Shutt participated with the Canadiens' old-timers against the Edmonton Oilers oldtimers in the Heritage Classic , the first outdoor game in the history of the NHL played at Commonwealth Stadium , in Edmonton, Alberta . Shutt also tours Canada and the U.S. as a playing member of the Oldtimers' Hockey Challenge, raising money for charitable causes.In North York, he was a middle school classmate of rock star and bassist Geddy Lee . The two connected over music, and they both picked up bass guitars, both being influenced by Denny Gerrard, the bassist of Toronto psychedelic rock band The Paupers. Lee credits Shutt with introducing him to his future Rush bandmate, guitarist Alex Lifeson . ", ["2_997"]] [21001, "Foucault is a small lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of Mare Frigoris , to the southeast of the crater Harpalus . In the rugged terrain to the south of Foucault is Sharp . The outer perimeter of Foucault forms a somewhat irregular circle, with slight outward bulges to the south and northeast. The inner wall of the rim is not notably terraced , and slopes down directly to the uneven floor. It is named after physicist L\u00e9on Foucault , most famous for the Foucault pendulum . ", ["2_1001"]] [21002, "\u00d3scar David Suazo Vel\u00e1zquez (born 5 November 1979) is a Honduran retired professional footballer turned coach who played as a striker . Suazo played more than 300 league games and scored over 90 league goals in Italy during a span of 12 seasons. Nicknamed La Pantera (The Panther) or El Rey David (The King David), Suazo was born in San Pedro Sula . In his early career, he developed alongside his cousin, Maynor Suazo , who also went on to play for the Honduras national team . Suazo took his first steps at Olimpia Reserves and later went on to play at the Liga Bancaria . After his participation in 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship , he was acquired by domestic club team Olimpia. He continued to impress playing for Olimpia's youth system under the coaching of the late Angel Ram\u00f3n Paz (\"Mon Paz\") and earned a spot on the top squad before turning 20 years old. \u00d3scar Tab\u00e1rez , then-coach of Italian side Cagliari , was impressed by Suazo's performance and did not hesitate in bringing him to Europe, for US$2 million transfer fee and US$200,000 tax to National Autonomous Federation of Football of Honduras , as well as 15\u201320% of the future capital gain if Cagliari sold the player above the US$2.2 million price tag. Suazo officially joined the club ahead of the 1999\u20132000 Serie A season. In his first year with the team, he scored one goal in 13 league appearances, and at the end of the 1999\u20132000 season, Cagliari were relegated to Serie B where they would remain until the 2003\u201304 seasonOn 13 June 2007, reports arose that Suazo had agreed terms with Serie A champions Internazionale . Six days later, however, crosstown rivals and reigning European champions Milan announced that they themselves had acquired Suazo. While Milan claimed they had successfully negotiated with Cagliari, the deal with Inter was confirmed by Cagliari chairman Massimo Cellino . Meanwhile, one of Suazo's agents, Carlo Pallavicino, added to the confusion by saying, \"Suazo has not had any contact with Milan and he still has not given his consent to the transfer.\" It was later announced that Suazo was confirmed with Inter on 26 June for \u20ac14 million fee (with about US$2.5\u00a0million was required to pay by Cagliari to Olimpia) after Milan officially withdrew their contract offer. Since Suazo himself wanted to keep his initial agreement with Inter. \"It was an issue of respect. The Rossoneri (nickname of Milan) understood that I had a promise with coach Roberto Mancini , Marco Branca and chairman Massimo Moratti .\" He scored his first Inter goal against Genoa and scored a total of eight goals throughout his first season with the Nerazzurri (the nickname of Inter).After a less-than-impressive first season with Inter, Suazo was loaned to Portuguese club Benfica for the 2008\u201309 season . Suazo however, appeared in just 12 league matches and scored just four goals during the season. Following his return to Inter in June 2009, he was given limited squad space and failed to make any starts for his club.On 29 December 2009, it was confirmed that Suazo had been authorized to play friendly match for Genoa, two days before the opening of the winter transfer window. After the opening of the transfer window, Suazo officially joined Genoa on a six-month loan deal, where he replaced Sergio Floccari , who was transferred to Lazio on 4 January. This was part of a deal that completed a three-way, three-man swap in which Inter also received Goran Pandev from Lazio on free transfer.Suazo made his debut for Genoa against Milan in a losing effort, appearing on the scoresheet in the process. He scored the second goal for Genoa and was eventually substituted in the 80th minute for Hern\u00e1n Crespo . His loan with Genoa proved to be highly unsuccessful, as the player scored a mere 2 goals in 16 Serie A appearances.After his Genoa loan expired, Suazo returned to Inter but, in part because of a long-term injury, he was not included in the first-team, thus failing to make a single appearance in the entire 2010\u201311 season . Suazo's contract with Inter expired on 30 June 2011, leaving the player without a contract. Since then, he was linked with a comeback at Cagliari following a trial period. This was a possibility that was later confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino, who, on 13 July 2011, confirmed Suazo's return to Sardinia by the end of the transfer window, and defined his signing as \"a cherry on the pie\". The transfer, however, collapsed after Suazo was asked to leave Cagliari's pre-season camp after Cellino opted against the move and changed his decision about the transfer.On 12 August 2011, Suazo signed for Catania on a one-year deal. He was officially presented on the same day alongside new arrivals Mario Paglialunga and Davide Lanzafame . Suazo was assigned the number 9 jersey , though only would make six appearances during his time in Sicily, which ended upon the expiration of his contract on 30 June 2012. On 27 March 2013, at the age of 33, he announced his retirement from football, due to his persisting struggles with knee injuries. Suazo played for the Honduras national under-20 football team at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship . He made his senior debut for Honduras in a May 1999 friendly match against Haiti and has earned a total of 57 caps, scoring 17 goals. He has represented his country in 30 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and at the 2010 FIFA World Cup . He also played at the 2000 Summer Olympics and at the 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup . He also played a few minutes of Honduras' first match at the 2001 Copa Am\u00e9rica . His final international appearance came on 12 June 2012, in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Canada . Following his retirement as a player, Suazo was hired by his former team Cagliari as a scout. In 2014, he joined the first team coaching staff as an assistant to Ivo Pulga for the final part of the season; he successively was appointed to the same role by the end of the 2014\u201315 season, supporting new head coach Gianluca Festa .For the 2015\u201316 season, he was named new youth team coach for the Giovanissimi Nazionali .On 5 June 2018, he was appointed manager of Serie B side Brescia by Massimo Cellino , former chairman of his while at Cagliari. He was however sacked on 18 September 2018 after a negative start to the new season. On 13 May 2021, Suazo returned into management as the new head coach of struggling Sardinian Serie D side Carbonia. After guiding Carbonia to safety, on 31 July 2021 he agreed a two-year contract extension with the club. On 24 June 2022, Carbonia and Suazo parted ways, following the team's relegation to Eccellenza at the end of the 2021\u201322 Serie D season. A quick and physically strong striker, Suazo is considered to be one of the greatest players Honduras has ever produced. His main characteristic as a forward was his incredible speed, both on and off the ball, which made him arguably one of the fastest Serie A players of his time. His pace and acceleration made him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks and allowed him to create space and provide depth to his team with his runs from behind. In spite of his ability, however, he was often injury prone throughout his career. He also possessed notable determination and great leadership skills on the pitch, serving as Cagliari's captain . Suazo also took several penalties and occasionally scored from free kicks .David's brothers are Nicol\u00e1s and Ruben Suazo. Former internationals Maynor Suazo and Hendry Thomas are his cousins. He holds Italian nationality due to his marriage to an Italian woman, Elisa Secchi, in 2005. They have two sons, David Edoardo and Luis Gabriel, with the latter (born 2008) having followed on his father's footsteps and having been signed by Juventus in 2022, joining the Under-15 team. OlimpiaCagliariInternazionaleBenficaHondurasIndividual", ["2_1002"]] [21003, "Wodonga railway station is located on the North East line in Victoria , Australia . It serves the city of Wodonga , and it opened on 25 June 2011. Opening as part of the Wodonga Rail Bypass project, it replaced the original station that opened on 21 November 1873 and closed on 9 November 2008.Disused station Barnawartha is located between Wodonga and Chiltern .Wodonga station was the original terminus of the Victorian Railways ' North East line, which was built during the 1870s, with Wodonga opening on 21 November 1873. The connection through to the standard gauge system across the Murray River to Albury was not completed until 14 June 1883, partly because the New South Wales Government Railways standard gauge system had not yet extended as far south as Albury. Intercolonial rivalries were settled by the building of lines and bridges of both gauges across the border river flats, with both Albury and Wodonga being transfer stations. Albury later became the passenger interchange station and the major freight transshipment point.In April 1962, the standard gauge line was extended south from Wodonga to Melbourne , and from that time onwards, most interstate haulage was on the standard gauge. Some broad gauge passenger trains still continued to operate to Albury, to provide a local service to north-eastern Victorian towns , but the long distance interstate freight and passenger trains operated via this new continuous standard gauge link between Melbourne and Sydney .Livestock, mostly beef cattle, formed a large part of the freight carried to Melbourne from Wodonga, where large saleyards were established near the station. Meatworks were also one of Wodonga's main industries. After 1980, the saleyard was moved to Bandiana , east of Wodonga. Dual gauge rail access was constructed at this selling centre, which was adjacent to the Victorian Cudgewa branch line . Services on this branch were discontinued beyond Bandiana , and the Victorian rail system soon ceased livestock traffic. Cattle continued to be occasionally railed from northern NSW to Bandiana Saleyards until 1987, when this rail traffic also ceased. In later years, the sidings at Bandiana were used as a rail container terminal by standard gauge trains only, until closure of the line on 1 September 2009. Until November 2008, Pacific National operated broad gauge freight services from the Wodonga Coal Sidings to Geelong , carrying logs for woodchipping . The Wodonga Rail Bypass project moved Wodonga station from the original central location to a position on a new line on the northern edge of the town, along with five kilometres of new track. The release of railway land allowed the redevelopment of Wodonga's commercial area, and eliminated ten level crossings . First conceived in 2000, design work commenced in 2006. In May 2008, it was announced that the project would commence, as part of an upgrade of the North-East line . The last passenger train passed through Wodonga on 8 November 2008, with road coaches operating between Seymour and Albury. The first train passed through the new station site on 15 March 2010: a freight service delivering concrete sleepers. On 23 July 2010, the new rail bypass was opened, and the original line through Wodonga closed. On 25 June 2011, the new station opened. The original station was later redeveloped as a restaurant. Wodonga has one platform. It is serviced by V/Line Albury line services. Platform 1:V/Line operates road coaches from Wodonga station to Canberra , Albury , Seymour , Kerang , Wangaratta and Adelaide .", ["2_1003"]] [21004, "Jim Cootes For more than twenty-five years, he has been studying Philippine orchids, particularly in the wild, as an amateur Orchidologist in Mindoro, Philippines. He is a frequent lecturer and has written numerous articles for major orchid journals and magazines. He resides in Australia, where he works as a mail carrier . Jim Cootes was born on 17 June 1950 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.Cootes was a student of the Australian public school system until he finished high school in 1965. He then went to technical college part-time while he was training as an apprentice machinist. For the majority of his working life, (32 years) he was a civilian employee of the Royal Australian Navy. He now works as a postman for Australia Post, a job he has held for almost 13 years.Cootes's early years was spent in suburban Sydney, near the Georges River, with his family. Much of this area was bushland and it had many native plants. His interest in orchids started when he was very young. When he was 12 years old, his family moved to a more urban area. Je remained interested in nature and orchids, but as he grew older, work began to take up more of his time and he could no longer spend as much time he once did looking at orchids in the wild.In the late 1970s, Jim Cootes attended a combined Sydney Orchid Societies show. This started his interest in orchids again, and he went to a book shop in the mall and purchased a book about growing orchids.In 1977 he made his first trip to the Philippines at the urging of his Filipino workmates. His first trip to the mountains of central Luzon was in 1979 and he was able to get a number of native orchid species, which he was able to import into Australia without any difficulty. The majority of these species could be identified but a few remained without names. He started to collect whatever literature he could find on Philippine orchid species, and in 1984 the most important book, at the time, on Philippine orchid species was published. These books, entitled Orchidiana Philippiniana , contained all the known orchid species in a large two-volume set.Modern taxonomic works on Philippine orchid species are few and far between. Because of this, Cootes decided to create a database on Philippine orchid species. As the database grew he decided that a book could be made from the information that he had gathered. He started to seriously import Philippine orchid species, and his collection grew considerably.Many of his plants remained unidentified and this got him interested in doing the descriptions himself. He purchased numerous books that explained the shapes of leaves, floral segments, and other characteristics. In 1998, he and his friend David Banks described and named Amesiella monticola . He did not name any more species for some considerable time. In fact it was not until 2007 that he co-authored another orchid species, Malleola eburnea , with a Filipino colleague, Wally Suarez. Since then they have named numerous species, and made many new taxonomic combinations.The Orchids of the Philippines (2001) took Jim Cootes over ten years to write. He lived in the Philippines between 1997 and 2000 to do field work and further studies for the book. This book was finally published in 2001 and contained 338 species, all illustrated with colour images and a description of the plant and flower.Jim Cootes continued to add species to the first book, and in 2011, with almost 800 species, Philippine Native Orchid Species was published. Again all the described species are illustrated with a colour image.He has written countless articles over many years about orchids, particularly Asian orchids, and many on Philippine species.", ["2_1004"]] [21006, "Nasa Parqu ( Aymara nasa nose, parqu something twisted, \"twisted nose\", Hispanicized spelling Nazaparco ) is a 4,939-metre-high (16,204\u00a0ft) mountain in the Andes of southern Peru . It is situated in the Tacna Region , Candarave Province , Candarave District . Nasa Parqu lies northwest of the volcano Yukamani and southwest of the mountain Ch'iyar Jaqhi . This Tacna Region geography article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1006"]] [21007, "Claus Hallingdal Bloch (born 12 March 1977) is a Danish orienteering competitor . He received a bronze medal in the sprint event at the 2006 World Orienteering Championships in Aarhus , behind Emil Wingstedt and Daniel Hubmann . He participated on the Danish team that finished 8th at the 2006 World championship. This biographical article about a Danish orienteer is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1007"]] [21008, "Georgy Martynovitch Kert ( Russian : \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0442 ; 1 February 1923 \u2013 26 September 2009, in Petrozavodsk ) was a Russian linguist and Kildin S\u00e1mi specialist. In addition to a reference grammar on Kildin S\u00e1mi written in 1971, and two collections of texts from 1961 and 1988 written together with V. Z. Panfilov and P. M. Zajkov , Kert has also worked with naming questions. Kert has worked at the Institute for Language, Literature and History at the Karelian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Petrozavodsk . ", ["2_1008"]] [21009, "Botsford is a village of Newtown in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States. The town of Newtown has one political body, but consists of multiple geographic subdivisions. It currently contains a fire department and post office. CT 25 runs along the western part of the village. Botsford was listed as a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census . Robert Winkler, naturalist and author of Going Wild: Adventures with Birds in the Suburban Wilderness , is a resident. The Connecticut Green Industries Council , a partner of UConn in the NextGenCT project is headquartered in town. The Council also routinely testifies on agricultural and certain local matters to the Connecticut General Assembly . This Connecticut state location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1009"]] [21011, "Luum\u00e4ki ( Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8lu\u02d0\u02ccm\u00e6ki] ) is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in the Taavetti village. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region . The municipality has a population of 4,377\n(31 August 2024) and covers an area of 859.83 square kilometres (331.98\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) of\nwhich 109.77\u00a0km 2 (42.38\u00a0sq\u00a0mi)\nis water. The population density is\n5.83 inhabitants per square kilometre (15.1/sq\u00a0mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Neighbour municipalities are Hamina , Kouvola , Lappeenranta , Lemi , Miehikk\u00e4l\u00e4 and Savitaipale . Lappeenranta is located 38 kilometres (24\u00a0mi) from Luum\u00e4ki.The president of Finland P. E. Svinhufvud died in Luum\u00e4ki on February 29, 1944. [ citation needed ]The name Luum\u00e4ki means literally \"Bone Hill\". In the Finnish version of the comic strip Bone , the place-name Boneville is translated as Luum\u00e4ki . [ citation needed ]Luum\u00e4ki was separated from Lappee as its own parish in 1642. The first church in the Luum\u00e4ki parish was probably built as soon as the parish became independent. It was destroyed during the Great Wrath ( Isoviha ). The second church, completed in 1731, was damaged during the Lesser Wrath ( Pikkuviha ) and had become small and in poor condition by the turn of the 19th century. The church and the belfry built from 1781 burned down in 1839. The parish had acquired the drawings of the new church even before the fire of the second church, but its construction did not begin until after the fire of the second church due to a dispute over the location. The new church was consecrated in 1845. Anjala, Antikkala, Askola, Ellola (Ellonen), Haimila, Heikkil\u00e4, Heimala, Hietamies, Himottula (Taina), Hirvikallio, Huomola, Huopainen, Husula, Huuhonkyl\u00e4, Hyyryl\u00e4, Iihola, Inkil\u00e4, Junttola, Jurvala, Juurikkala (Juurikas), Kannuskoski, Keskinen, Kiurula, Kiviniemi, Kokkola, Kolppola, Kontula, Koskela, K\u00e4h\u00f6l\u00e4, Lakkala (Lakka), Laukkala (Laukas), Lensula, Luotola, Marttila (Taavetti) , Mentula, Metsola, Multiala, Munne (Munteenkyl\u00e4), Niemi, Nokkala, Nuppola, Nurmiainen, Okkola, Orkola, Parola, Pitk\u00e4p\u00e4\u00e4, Pukkila (Pukki), P\u00e4t\u00e4ril\u00e4, Rantala, Saareks, Saarits, Saksala, Salmi, Sarkalahti, Sarvilahti, Siirop\u00e4\u00e4, Sirkj\u00e4rvi, Suoanttila, Suonpohja, Syd\u00e4nmaanlakka, Taina, Tapavainola, Taukaniemi, Toikkala, Vainonen, Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen, ViuhkolaThe Luum\u00e4ki Live Music Association ( Luum\u00e4en el\u00e4v\u00e4n musiikin yhdistys or Luumu ry ), founded in 1986, organizes light music concerts and rehearsal opportunities for musicians. The annual jazz music event Vallijamit is held in Luum\u00e4ki in July. The first Vallijamit was held in 2002. The former State Agency Building was renovated into a new library during 2013. In the summer of 2018, the Luum\u00e4ki municipal library joined the Heili Libraries. Media related to Luum\u00e4ki at Wikimedia Commons Luum\u00e4ki travel guide from Wikivoyage", ["2_1011"]] [21012, "St Botolph without Aldgate was an ancient parish immediately east of and outside (without) Aldgate , a gate in London's defensive wall . The parish church was St Botolph's Aldgate . The densely populated, and entirely extramural East End parish was split into two parts: the Portsoken ward of the City of London and East Smithfield in the County of Middlesex . Each part operated as a separate parish for civil administration with its own local government, but it was a single parish for ecclesiastical purposes.The section of the parish in the City of London was the Portsoken ward.The City of London section of the parish was abolished in 1907 when the City of London civil parish was created.The part in Middlesex was known as East Smithfield . It was part of the Tower Division (which was also known as the Tower Hamlets) . Its eastern boundary with Wapping ran along Sir Thomas More Street (originally known as Nightingale Lane) and the small brook that ran either side of it.Civil parish administration was in the hands of the vestry until 1855 when the parish was grouped into the Whitechapel District and the parish elected six members to Whitechapel District Board of Works. The parish was transferred from the County of Middlesex to the County of London in 1889.In 1895 it absorbed the civil parishes of St Katherine by the Tower and Old Tower Without . In 1901 it absorbed the civil parish of the Tower of London .It became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney in 1900 and the local authority became Stepney Borough Council. The civil parish then had only nominal existence until 1921 when it was abolished. In common with the neighbouring St Katharine's Precinct (a part of the parish till 1444), the parish has had a diverse population since the medieval period.From 1236, the parish (or at least the south of it) had a Jewish population, settled in the area for the protection of the Tower and its garrison. The Jews had to take refuge in the Tower several times and on at least one of those occasions, in 1267, during the Second Barons' War , formed part of its defensive garrison during a siege. This arrangement lasted until the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290. In 1483 the Portsoken ward is recorded as having more aliens in its population than any ward in the City of London. This pattern of diversity continued, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries the parish as a whole is recorded as having a population of at least 25 people identified as \"blackamoors.\" They appear to have arrived as a result of the war with Spain , being freed from Spanish slave ships, or slavery in Spanish colonies, by English warships. These free black Londoners, some of whom had mixed African and Spanish ancestry, often found work as sailors or interpreters. Many were servants and one appears to have worked at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry . The parish records from that time also reveal the presence of French, Dutch and Indian residents as well as at least one Persian and one East Indian (Bengali). The continuation of the black presence is illustrated from a court record from 1787, which noted that constables trying to make an arrest at the Shovel public house in East Smithfield, were ejected by the landlord and more than forty black drinkers. Since the 1840s, nearly all of the Aldermen of the Portsoken electoral ward have been Jewish. ", ["2_1012"]] [21013, "Victor Mac (born Victor Macoggi on January 31, 1967) who is better known as Little Victor , The Beale Street Blues Bopper, and also DJ Mojo Man, is an Italian-American blues and roots singer, guitarist and harmonica player, as well as a record collector, musicologist, entertainer, disc jockey and record producer. He is best known for his association with Louisiana Red , on the albums Back To The Black Bayou and Memphis Mojo. Son of an Italian mother and an American serviceman who was constantly on the move, Victor also leads a wanderer's life on both sides of the Atlantic. He was born in Rome , Italy. and he grew up in many different places. He lived in West Memphis, Arkansas, Austin, Texas , Memphis , Tennessee , and Louisiana . He also spent several years in Italy, France, Germany, and Spain, before moving to the UK in 2014. He speaks fluent English, French, Italian and Spanish, He started to sing at the age of 14 - in 1981 - hence the nickname of \"Little\" Victor. His first band mostly featured songs from the Sun Records vaults. At 16 he started to play harmonica inspired by Jimmy Reed and the following year first picked up the guitar. He played for tips on Beale Street in Memphis six days a week with Uncle Ben Perry, the \"King of Handy Park.\" This association is why Little Victor is also known as The Beale Street Blues Bopper. He sang, played and recorded with many different roots, rock and blues bands in the 1980s and early 1990s. He also did some recordings with Alex Chilton and Hubert Sumlin , before releasing Cuttin' Out (1994). In 1999, Little Victor was involved in the production of a film documentary on R.L. Burnside entitled, A Day with...R.L. Burnside , a collaboration with Sophie Kay which also spawned two albums together.His association with his blues hero Louisiana Red , produced the albums Back To The Black Bayou (2009) and Memphis Mojo (2011). Victor's own effort, Boogie All Night , was issued by El Toro Records, in between those collaborations, whilst in 2013 he produced and played on Pig Fat's Shadow of the Night . In 2015, Little Victor toured Canada with the harmonica player Harpdog Brown and, in 2016, he produced and played on Brown's Travelin' with the Blues recorded in California with Charlie Musselwhite , Big Jon Atkinson, Rusty Zinn , Carl Sonny Leyland and Jimmy Morello.The music journalist Johnny Whiteside, writing in the LA Times , described Little Victor's style of music:'Little Victor (is) an untamed maverick whose raw, primitive sounds are the utter antithesis of the contemporary blues model. The offbeat singer-guitarist...eschews the genre\u2019s prevalent trend for streamlined six-string virtuosity in favor of wild shouting, stabbing guitar and heavy, almost hypnotic, rhythmic repetition....He can effortlessly switch from shadowy, primitive low blues to the polished, uptown Beale Street-style R&B...to wild, wicked boogies, and all of it is put across with expressive, soul-deep conviction.' In 2017, he started to work as a freelance consultant and producer for the Rockstar Records UK Group. He produced various albums that were released by Rhythm Bomb Records such as The Blues of Little Walter by Mo Al Jaz & Friends and Jelly Roll Shuffle by the Jelly Roll Men. He also worked on a series of anthologies of obscure 1950s blues and rhythm and blues, for the Koko-Mojo label.In 2018, Victor released Deluxe Lo-Fi , recorded over an eight-year period with various musicians, including the Downhome Kings, Kim Wilson , Big Jon Atkinson, Rusty Zinn, Carl Sonny Leyland, Steve Lucky and Harpdog Brown . The songs, mostly Little Victor's original compositions, display a wide range of styles. In an interview with the Good New Music blog, Victor said, 'The whole point here and the \u2018concept\u2019 of this album is about songs captured on old magnetic tape with vintage tube equipment at great vintage studios....the last two songs were recorded at a \u2018modern\u2019 state-of-the-art studio in Hollywood by the great Jeff \u2018Mox\u2019 Moxley but both songs were bounced through a vintage tube desk on magnetic tape, so the outcome sounds just like the other songs and has the same \u2018vibe\u2019 and feel.' Deluxe Lo-Fi was voted 2018 \"Album Of The Year\" in the UK by The Blues Lounge and in Scandinavia by BluesNews magazine.In January 2020, Little Victor formed the Mighty Lo-Fi Kings, a new band with Rob Glazebrook, in which both play guitar and share vocals. Orlando Shearer pays bass and Nick Simonon the drums. The band regularly performed at Peggy Sue's Music Bar in Leigh-on-Sea and the Black Lion in Brighton , until the COVID lockdown, in March 2020, ended live music.", ["2_1013"]] [21014, "DR Byen ( Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8te\u031d\u02c0\u02cc\u025b\u0250\u032f \u02c8py\u02c0\u0259n] ; lit. ' the DR city ' ) is the headquarters of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation, DR , located in Copenhagen , Denmark , in the northwestern part of Amager . The first employees moved into DR Byen in 2006 and 2007, but the entire building, including the Koncerthuset Concert Hall, was not completed until 2010. The construction industry's enormous budget overruns have been widely discussed, and were also one of the main reasons of former CEO Kenneth Plummer's announcement on March 13, 2007, that 521 positions would be cut, and that 300 employees would be dismissed. DR Byen replaced Radiohuset in Frederiksberg and TV-Byen in S\u00f8borg . The complex is approximately 131,000 m\u00b2 large, including a basement divided into four segments, each housing their own departments. All the segments are connected by an \"Indre Gade\" of approximately 5,000 m\u00b2 including the basement, which cuts through DR Byen at the height of the 2nd floor, and is about 180 meters long. DR Byen consists of four segments:The DR Byen Station on the M1 line of Copenhagen Metro is located nearby.Originally, the budget for the construction of DR's new headquarters was DKK 3 billion. DKK in 1999 prices (almost DKK 3.5 billion in 2006 prices). When construction began in 1999, the then culture minister , Elsebeth Gerner Nielsen ( R ) made a margin of uncertainty so that the final price of the construction could be 15 percent higher or 10 percent lower \u2013 that means between 2.7 billion or 3.5 billion DKK.The first budget overrun came to light in 2004, when it was announced that the construction cost 300 million. DKK more expensive. This was due, among other things, to the fact that the construction of DR Byen's concert hall was far more complicated than first assumed. The then chairman of DR's board, J\u00f8rgen Kleener , did not believe that he had been adequately briefed on the construction's development. Christian S. Nissen was dismissed as general manager, and later J\u00f8rgen Kleener also chose to resign from his post.In August 2005, the now former general manager, Kenneth Plummer, takes over. He announces a tighter management of the economy in DR, and shaves off DKK 90 million in a round of savings. DKK of DR's budget.The second budget overrun is published in September 2006. The construction will cost an additional DKK 600 million. DKK more expensive. DR's finance director Bent Fjord resigns as a result of the overrun.TV-Avisen tells on October 10, 2006, that the construction management has been aware at least since September 2005 that there could be budget overruns of over DKK 250 million. DKK. Two days later DR's board asks the National Audit Office to investigate the case. Prior to the board meeting, the person responsible for DR construction, Kjeld Boye M\u00f8ller , is dismissed.February 5, 2007, it was announced that construction is progressing with another 700 million. DKK, so that the total bill in 1999 prices will be DKK 4.7 billion. DKK, corresponding to 5.5 billion DKK in 2007 prices. In other words, construction has become 34 percent more expensive in 1999 prices than the maximum margin of uncertainty allowed.March 13, 2007, CEO Kenneth Plummer announces a comprehensive savings plan, which entails the dismissal of 300 employees and savings of DKK 300 million. DKK per year from 2008. A total of 521 positions were cut.An emergency power system was not included in the original budget. If the emergency power system is included, the excess will be DKK 0.3 billion. DKK greater, cf. the audit study, point 2.2.The building complex's name is an example of s\u00e6rskrivning (cf. TV-Byen and Radiohuset )DR Byen station55\u00b039\u203229\u2033N 12\u00b035\u203226\u2033E \ufeff / \ufeff 55.65806\u00b0N 12.59056\u00b0E \ufeff / 55.65806; 12.59056", ["2_1014"]] [21016, "Roberts Hotel is a historic hotel located at Muncie , Delaware County, Indiana . It was built in 1921, and is a six-story, Colonial Revival style steel-frame building sheathed in red brick with limestone detailing. The basement, first, and mezzanine floors measure 120 feet by 125 feet, where the second through sixth floors above are L-shaped. It has a flat roof behind a parapet . The hotel closed in 1972, but reopened in 1976. :\u200a2,\u200a5 The building has been renovated into loft apartments. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Walnut Street Historic District .George Roberts, the hotel's proprietor, was a Jew who fled from Russia to the United States in the late 1890s, among others from his native village, in order to avoid being drafted into the Russian Czar's army. In Muncie, he also started and owned a dry goods store. George Roberts lost everything in the Depression, entered the oil business, then died of a heart attack in a tent in the oil fields of Tulsa, Oklahoma. His grandson is Henry Kravis . This article about a hotel or resort in the United States is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article about a property in Delaware County, Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1016"]] [21017, "Fanny Elisa Mikey Orlanszky (c. 1930 \u2013 16 August 2008) was an Argentine -born Colombian actress , theatre producer and entrepreneur. She lived and worked in Colombia from 1959 until her death and was the creator and organizer of the Bogot\u00e1 Ibero-American Theatre Festival , known as the biggest theatre festival in the world. In 1976, she moved to Bogot\u00e1 , when she created the Fundaci\u00f3n Teatro Nacional (National Theatre Foundation), an organization to promote the arts in Colombia and that featured adaptations of famous plays ( Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands , The Vagina Monologues , and Closer ) among others.Born to a Lithuanian Jewish family who emigrated to Argentina following czarist anti-Semitism sentiment in the Russian Empire , Fanny Elisa was the eldest of six children of Jos\u00e9 Mikeaj (or Mikey, as the immigration officials changed it to upon arrival to Argentina ) and Celia Orlanszky. She married at a young age to Gast\u00f3n Dijan, a young man with a Sephardic Jewish background, but the fruitless relation soon ended because of their cultural differences, and her husband's inability to accept her acting career. In 1958, she left Argentina to follow the man she loved, Pedro I. Mart\u00ednez, arriving in Buenaventura by ferry and settling in Santiago de Cali ; but once again this relation did not work out given religious differences. In 1976, Mikey and her then love partner Enrique \u00c1lvarez adopted a newborn whom they would call Daniel.At the age of 78, Fanny Mikey died due to complications of renal failure on Saturday 16 August 2008 in Cali, Colombia, where she had travelled to earlier that month to present her latest play, Perfume de arrabal y tango . Her body was transported to Bogot\u00e1 that same day and taken to the National Theatre, where she lay in repose to a gathering of family, friends, and colleagues. The next morning, her casket was transported in a motorcade to the National Capitol and draped with the flag of Colombia ; it was then placed in the Elliptical Chamber of the Capitol where she lay in state for a public viewing. Outside the Capitol, on Bol\u00edvar Square , the Bogot\u00e1 Philharmonic performed Astor Piazzolla 's Tangazo and Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No. 3 as she had requested, followed by a cappella performances by her friends the bass Valeriano Lanchas, and singers C\u00e9sar Mora , Yuri Buenaventura, and Lety Santamar\u00eda. Thousands of people went in droves to say their final goodbyes; the event was attended by many celebrities and had the participation of Bogot\u00e1's Mayor Samuel Moreno Rojas and Minister of the Interior and Justice , Fabio Valencia Cossio , present on behalf of President \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez , who was overseas at the time; President Uribe in turn, upon his arrival passed a Presidential Decree honouring her memory and legacy, exalting her as a model citizen and her great contribution to the country. The next day, her body was taken to Chapinero Cemetery where her remains were cremated ; in fulfilment of her wishes, half were sent to Argentina to be given to her family for safekeeping, the other half was scattered at the Islas del Rosario where she owned an island and had a house. ", ["2_1017"]] [21018, "Western Avenue station is a light rail station on the Metro Green Line in Saint Paul, Minnesota , United States. It is located along University Avenue on both sides of the intersection with Western Avenue. The station has split side platforms, with the westbound platform on the north side of the tracks west of Western and the eastbound platform on the south side of the tracks east of Western. Along with Hamline Avenue Station and Victoria Street Station , this station was originally planned to be an infill station that would be built after the main line was constructed and if there was sufficient demand. However, significant political pressure and changes in the Federal Transit Administration 's rules led to an early 2010 announcement that it would be built at the same time as the rest of the line. Construction in this area began in 2012. The station opened along with the rest of the line in 2014.", ["2_1018"]] [21020, "Shri Shantadurga Temple is a Hindu temple , belonging to the Goud Saraswat Brahman Samaj located 30\u00a0km (19\u00a0mi) from Panaji at the foothill of Kavalem village in Ponda Taluka , Goa , India . Shrimad Swamiji of Shri Kavale Math is spiritual head Of Shree Shantadurga Saunsthan, Kavale (Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gau\u1e0dap\u0101d\u0101ch\u0101rya of Shri Kavale Math is spiritual chief Of Shree Shantadurga Saunsthan). Shree Shantadurga is the Kuldevi (family deity) of many Goud Saraswat Brahman (Saraswat KuldevDevasthan).\nOn 4 December 2016, (Margashirsh Shuddh Panchmi). Shree Shantadurga Devasthan, Kavale has completed its 450th year of existence.The temple is dedicated to Shantadurga , the goddess who mediates between Vishnu and Shiva . The deity is also called 'Santeri' colloquially. \nPurana talks of a battle between Shiva and Vishnu The battle was so fierce that the God Brahma prayed to Goddess Adishakti Parvati to intervene, which she did in the form of Shantadurga. Shantadurga placed Vishnu on her right hand and Shiva on her left hand and settled the fight.Shantadurga is holding two serpents , one in each hand, representing Vishnu and Shiva.The original temple at Quelossim (Keloshi) in Salcete was destroyed by the Portuguese in 1566. The goddess was shifted to Kavalem and worship was continued there. The site on which the original Temple of Shantadurga stood at Quelossim (Keloshi) is known as \"Deoolbhata\" and it is in the possession of the Shree Shantadurga Saunsthan Committee, Kavale.\nThe current temple was constructed during the reign of Maratha Empire Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj of Satara during the period from 1713 AD to 1738 AD. Naroram Mantri (Rege) originally from Kochara village in the Vengurla Taluka,(Konkan) was a Mantri (Minister) in Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj (Grandson of Chh.Shivaji Maharaj & Son of Dharmaveer Chh.Sambhaji Maharaj) Ashtapradhan Mandal at Satara Due to his efforts, the village of Kavalem was bequeathed to the Temple by Shrimant Baji Rao I Peshwa in 1738. The Temple reconstruction started around 1730s. The temple complex is on the slope of the foothills of a mountain chain, surrounded by lush vegetation. There is a main temple and three smaller temples of other deities which have been built on three sides of the temple. The temple consists of a collection of pyramidal roofs with a dome. The pillars and floors are made of Kashmir stone. The temple has a huge tank , a Deep Jyoti Stambh and agrashalas (guest houses).Many renovations have been completed over the years to the main temple and the temples of the other deities as well as to the agrashala . The temple has recently banned entry of foreigners, into the temple citing objectionable dressing and conduct as the reason. This Temple is built in Saraswat Architectural style.\nIts pyramidical shape 'shikaras' rising on the roofs of the facade (entrance hall) and the 'Sabhamandap' (the main hall), its roman-arched windows, some of which have the stained-glass window panes of deep red, yellow, blue, green colours, its chandeliers, its gate posts, balustraded flat dome, the maroon-peach-white colour paint of the temple gives the temple a serene beautiful look.The highlight of the temple is its golden palanquin (palkhi) in which the deity is carried on festive occasions (only 5 Mahapanchmi). [ citation needed ]Traditional", ["2_1020"]] [21021, "Former Thrift Mill is a historic textile mill complex and national historic district located near Charlotte , Mecklenburg County, North Carolina . The complex was built about 1912 and consists of three principal production and warehouse buildings: the Main Building; the Weave Department; and the Warehouse. Other contributing resources are the Storage Structure (c. 1912); the Reservoir (c. 1912); Water Tower No. 1 (c. 1925); Water Tower No. 2 (c. 1925); and Pump House No. 1 (c. 1925). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. This article about a property in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1021"]] [21026, "The Copper Creek Guard Station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935. It is located in a very remote area, near Black Canyon City, Arizona , United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service in Bungalow/Craftsman style . It served historically as a camp and as a government office. The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on 4 acres (1.6\u00a0ha). In the 1920s and 1930s, Forest Service employees often traveled many miles from local ranger stations to forest work sites. Since the forest road networks were not well developed, getting to a job site meant a long trek, carrying all the equipment needed to perform the fieldwork. This made it impractical for employees to make daily round trips. To facilitate work at remote sites, the Forest Service built guard stations at strategic locations throughout the forest to house fire patrols and project crews.After World War II , the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most National Forest areas within a few hours. As a result, guard stations lost their utility. The Forest Service found new uses for some stations, but most were demolished or abandoned.In the 1990s, historic preservation groups, with the support of Forest Service employees, began pressing National Forest managers to preserve the remaining structures. To finance the preservation effort, the Forest Service started renting its guard stations to the public. It later began renting out many unused fire lookout towers as well. Its Bungalow style was of the architecture adopted most widely by the USFS architects of the region . ", ["2_1026"]] [21029, "Duke of Marmalade (12 March 2004 \u2013 5 November 2021) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and sire . He is best known for winning five consecutive Group One races in 2008, for which he was named European Champion Older Horse . Upon retirement at the end of the 2008 racing season he stood as a stallion for Coolmore Stud , being moved between stud farms in Ireland and Australia (a practice known as shuttling). In July 2014 he was sold and relocated to Drakenstein Stud in South Africa. Duke of Marmalade was owned during his racing career by Sue Magnier and Michael Tabor, winning his first two races as a two-year-old in June 2006. He did not win again until the spring of his four-year-old season, almost twenty-two months later. During this winless period he was sometimes regarded as little more than a pacemaker for more celebrated stable companions such as Dylan Thomas . In his final year of racing he recorded wins in the Prix Ganay , the Tattersalls Gold Cup , the Prince of Wales's Stakes , the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and International Stakes . He was retired in October 2008 after running in the Breeders' Cup Classic . Duke of Marmalade sired four European Classic winners in 2015, namely Nutan, Star of Seville, Simple Verse and Sound of Freedom. Duke of Marmalade was a bay horse standing 16 hands high bred in Ireland by Southern Bloodstock. a division of his owners' Coolmore Stud organisation. Duke of Marmalade weighed 540\u00a0kg during his racing career and was trained by Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle . Duke of Marmalade was one of the last crop of foals sired by Danehill one of the most successful stallions of the last twenty years, producing the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/ Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Dylan Thomas , Rock of Gibraltar , George Washington and North Light . Love Me True is a half-sister to Shuailaan ( Winter Hill Stakes ), Madison's Charm ( Comely Stakes ) and Bite The Bullet ( Sanford Stakes ), and, as a granddaughter of Lassie Dear , is closely related to Summer Squall , A.P. Indy and Lemon Drop Kid . The name \"Duke of Marmalade\" is derived from a title created by King Henri Christophe for a member of the new Haitian nobility following the Haitian Revolution . The name had previously been used for an Italian thoroughbred racehorse which won the Premio Roma in 1975 and 1976. Duke of Marmalade began his career with three races in the summer of 2006. In June he made his debut in a six furlong maiden race at Leopardstown . Ridden by Seamie Heffernan and starting at odds of 11/4 (2.75-1) favourite, he was towards the back of the field in the early stages before making progress in the last two furlongs to finish second to Chanting . Nine days later he reappeared in a maiden race over seven furlongs at The Curragh for which he was made 4/6 favourite (approximately 0.67-1). He \"stayed on well\" to record his first win, beating Supposition by a neck (approximately a quarter of a length ), under Kieren Fallon . Duke of Marmalade was then moved directly into Group Two class; he was sent to England for the Vintage Stakes at Goodwood in July, where his opponents included the July Stakes winner Strategic Prince . Ridden by Michael Kinane he raced just behind the leaders before being moved forward to challenge the leaders in the straight. He made ground steadily, but was unable to reach the front and finished second, beaten by a neck by Strategic Prince. Before his run at Goodwood, Duke of Marmalade had been supported in the betting for the following year's 2000 Guineas , but shortly after the race he suffered a pastern injury which required surgery; as a result, he did not race again in 2006. In 2007 Duke of Marmalade did not record a victory in six starts. However, he was never further back than fourth and ran exclusively in Group One races. He was often part of a multiple entry by the Ballydoyle team. Instead of running in a trial race, Duke of Marmalade was sent straight to Newmarket for the 2000 Guineas . The field of twenty-four runners split into two groups, one on either side of the wide Newmarket course. Duke of Marmalade tracked the leaders of the stands side group before staying on to finish fourth to Cockney Rebel . Having returned from an absence of more than nine months, the colt was expected to improve for the run, but later in the same month he finished fourth again to Cockney Rebel in the Irish 2000 Guineas . At Royal Ascot , Duke of Marmalade showed improved form in the St James's Palace Stakes . Michael Kinane tried to lead all the way on the colt-and was still in front inside the final furlong-before being caught and beaten a neck by Jamie Spencer on his stable companion Excellent Art , with another O'Brien-trained runner, Astronomer Royal in third, and Cockney Rebel in fifth. Two months later, Duke of Marmalade was moved up in distance and took on older horses for the first time in the International Stakes at York . He ran up to his best form in a highly competitive race to finish fourth behind the Derby winner Authorized , Dylan Thomas and Notnowcato . Duke of Marmalade raced against his stable companion Dylan Thomas again in the Irish Champion Stakes at Leopardstown in September. He led into the straight before being overtaken by Dylan Thomas, and although he had no chance with the winner he stayed on to take second ahead of notable winners such as Red Rocks ( Breeders' Cup Turf ), Maraahel ( Hardwicke Stakes ) and Finsceal Beo ( 1000 Guineas ). O'Brien was pleased with the run and said that Duke of Marmalade was still improving. On his final start of the year he was brought back to one mile for the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes in which he led until the last quarter mile, setting a strong pace, before finishing third to Ramonti and Excellent Art. During the winter it was discovered that a metal pin used to repair his previous injury had been causing the horse discomfort and was restricting his movement. The pin was removed, allowing Duke of Marmalade to run free of pain as a four-year-old. As a four-year-old Duke of Marmalade had a notable run of success, winning his first five races. In all these races he was ridden by Johnny Murtagh and was usually accompanied by his pacemaker Red Rock Canyon . In April he was sent to Longchamp for the Group One Prix Ganay . He raced behind Spirit One before making his challenge in the straight and running on strongly under pressure to beat Saddex by half a length. It was his first major win, and his first win of any kind for more than twenty-one months. After the race, O'Brien called Duke of Marmalade \"a horse to look forward to\". At the Curragh a month later, he justified odds of 1/3 (0.33-1) in the Tattersalls Gold Cup , being driven out by Murtagh to beat the filly Finsceal Beo by one and a quarter lengths. In the Prince of Wales's Stakes at Royal Ascot he produced what his trainer considered his best performance to date, taking over from Red Rock Canyon in the straight where he \"stormed clear\" to win by four lengths from Phoenix Tower . The Guardian called it a \"brilliant victory\" while Murtagh described the colt as among the best he had ridden. He then stepped up to twelve furlongs for Britain's most prestigious weight-for-age race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes , for which he was made 4/6 (0.67-1) favourite. With no three-year-old in the field, the race did not appear to be up to its usual standard. Duke of Marmalade was settled by Murtagh in the middle of the field before being switched to the outside in the straight and overtaking Red Rock Canyon entering the final furlong. He was immediately challenged and headed by the Michael Stoute -trained Papal Bull but \"rallied gamely\" to regain the lead close to the finish and win by a half a length. Murtagh was keen to praise the horse's speed and attitude, saying \"mine has all that makes a real champion. He looked the other horse in the eye and ate ground. He has that will to win.\" Duke of Marmalade was then brought back in distance from twelve furlongs to ten and a half furlongs for the International Stakes . The race also attracted The Derby winner New Approach , and the meeting of the two champions was much anticipated by the press as a \"clash of the titans\". Bad ground conditions forced the race to be abandoned, and it was rescheduled for Newmarket four days later. Duke of Marmalade took the lead three furlongs out and was driven out by Murtagh to beat Phoenix Tower by three-quarters of a length, with New Approach, who had pulled hard and failed to settle in the early stages, two and a half lengths further back in third. The colt's toughness and strong constitution were singled out for praise, with the press referring to him as the \"Iron Duke\". O'Brien and his jockeys were later found guilty of using unfair tactics in the race and were punished by the British Horseracing Authority. While pacemakers are allowed, it is considered unfair to provide additional assistance, for instance manoeuvring a horse to ensure a clear run for a stable companion. O'Brien defended himself \"fervently\", calling the charges \"fantasy...a load of nonsense.\" It was expected that Duke of Marmalade would meet New Approach again in the Irish Champion Stakes in September, but following heavy rain in the build-up to the race O'Brien withdrew the colt, saying \"we don't want to subject him to soft ground now, with the rest of the year in mind.\" Duke of Marmalade did not appear again until the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe at Longchamp in October, for which he was made 4/1 second favourite despite O'Brien expressing concern over the soft ground. He was settled on the outside, but when Murtagh attempted to have him move forward in the straight, he made no progress and finished seventh of the sixteen runners behind Zarkava . On his final start, he was sent to California for the Breeders' Cup Classic at Santa Anita . Racing on a synthetic track for the first time, he ran in third place for much of the distance and briefly headed the field turning into the straight, but faded in the closing stages to finish ninth of the twelve runners behind Raven's Pass . Murtagh and O'Brien characterised the performance as typifying \"the end of a long, hard season\" and Duke of Marmalade's retirement was announced immediately. .In November 2008, Duke of Marmalade was named European Champion Older Horse at the Cartier Racing Awards . In the World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings for 2007, Duke of Marmalade was assessed on a mark of 120, placing him just outside the world's top thirty horses. In the 2008 Rankings, he was rated the fifth best horse in the world with a mark of 127 Duke of Marmalade was given an end of year rating of 132 by Timeform in 2008. A rating of 130 or above is regarded as the mark of a real \"top-notcher.\" He was retired from racing at the end of 2008 and stood as a stallion for Coolmore Stud where he used to shuttle between their main base in County Tipperary , Ireland during the Northern Hemisphere breeding season and Coolmore's Australian stud farm in the Hunter Region , New South Wales , during the Southern Hemisphere breeding season. His first foals were born in 2010. In 2014 he relocated to Drakenstein Stud in South Africa where his first South African foals were born in 2015. His offspring have included Group 1 winners Nutan ( Deutsches Derby ), Star of Seville ( Prix de Diane ), Simple Verse and Big Orange , as well as G2 winners Big Memory and Italian 1000 Guineas winner Sound of Freedom. On 10 November 2015, Simple Verse was named Cartier Champion Stayer at the 25th edition of the Cartier Racing Awards. In October it was announced that Duke of Marmalade had been pensioned from stud duty due on veterinary advice but would remain at Drakenstein. He died \"peacefully\" in his paddock on 5 November 2021. ", ["2_1029"]] [21030, "Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company Office, also known as Stevens Cottage, is a historic office building located at Shenandoah, Page County, Virginia. It was built in 1891, as an office for the Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company. It is a 1+1\u20442-story, Shingle Style cottage with a projecting front gable, a deeply recessed porch, and inset rectangular stucco panels resembling half-timbering. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is included as a contributing property in the Shenandoah Historic District.", ["2_1030"]] [21034, "Jonathan Lee (born 10 June) is a Creative Director at the advertising network Havas. He is best known, however, for his work as a writer, satirist and humorist. He is best known for his satirical work and in particular his spoof diary accounts of cricket captains Andrew Strauss and Ricky Ponting . He is also the co-founder of the British humour website 7 Reasons. He currently authors the successful blog series 'Responsibilities of an adman' and lives in Fulham, London . Lee is perhaps best known for his work as the author of the spoof diaries of cricket captains Andrew Strauss and Ricky Ponting . The diaries entitled 'Strauss v Ponting: The Captain's Ashes Diaries' were first written during the 2009 Ashes in England. In November 2010, the second set of diaries were started in-line with the 2010/11 Ashes in Australia. After the 2009 Ashes, Lee created the spin-off character Sir Straussy. Based on Andrew Strauss, Sir Straussy writes about his time as England Cricket Captain. In October 2010, Sir Straussy was selected as the second funniest spoof account on Twitter by GQ Australia. In the past Lee has also spoofed Grace Kelly in ShortList magazine and the television and radio presenter Richard Bacon . Lee's spoofing of Bacon became a regular part of the host's BBC Radio 5 Live show in 2009. In October 2009, Lee started the topical humour site 7 Reasons with fellow humorist and writer Marc Fearns. The two met through Richard Bacon having both proved popular guests on Bacon's Radio 5 Live show. 7 Reasons aims to provide users with seven reasons each day for a particular topic. In December 2009 the site was selected as The Best Thing To Read by The Guardian newspaper. In late 2010 the idea was being turned into a column for the UK edition of the men's magazine Esquire.Is This You? is Lee's account of his three-year quest to find his best friend's look-alike. It came about after he took a photo in Sydney in 2006 that featured what Lee believed to be his best friend. His work came to light when he started doing flash-mob book readings. The book was due for release in 2010, but has been postponed while Lee concentrates on other projects.When Lee appeared on Denmark's TV2 in August 2009, he said his next project was to travel across America 25 times in order to find out whether a claim made by iPod manufacturer Apple is correct. The claim states that it is possible to travel between New York and San Francisco 25 times without hearing the same song twice on an 80GB iPod.Lee's most recent body of work is a blog concerning the advertising industry and responsibilities of its members. It is published on the professional networking site LinkedIn and although less satirical than his usual output has been generally well received. The first edition, named 'Chapter A', reached up to 11 likes. His second post however has been less popular so far, containing the word 'nipples' and describing how he stares into people's flats on his commute home.In October 2010, Sir Straussy was voted the second funniest spoof Twitter account by GQ Australia. The 2010/11 Strauss v Ponting Diaries were also voted the seventh funniest sports blog of 2010 by FHM and the twenty-sixth best blog of 2010 by The Sydney Morning Herald.Lee attended Colston's Collegiate School and Bristol Grammar School before studying for a degree in design at Loughborough University. In January 2011 Lee became engaged to his girlfriend who he coincidentally met through Andrew Strauss . He previously dated the Welsh singer-songwriter Duffy , and was a friend of Rachael Hodges of whom he credits as one of the biggest influencers in his career.Former Australian cricketer Michael Slater was reprimanded by Channel 9 after quoting Sir Straussy during the channel's coverage of the Boxing Day Test Match between Australia and Pakistan in 2009. Slater publicised Sir Straussy's Twitter address which is against the code of conduct issued by Channel 9.", ["2_1034"]] [21035, "Elle Macpherson ( Eleanor Nancy Gow on 29 March 1964 in Killara , Australia ) was an Australian supermodel and actress . She first became famous because of her advertisements for Coca-Cola where she wore a string bikini . She became a supermodel and became very famous. She is part owner of a cafe in America . She has been in a movie called Sirens . Macpherson is nicknamed \"the body\" because some people say she has a perfect body. In 2010, she became the host and executive producer of Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model . She is currently the host and an executive producer NBC 's Fashion Star .Macpherson met Gilles Bensimon in 1984 on a photo-session for Elle magazine. They were married in May 1986, and divorced in 1989. Macpherson has two sons, Arpad Flynn Alexander Busson (born 14 February 1998), and Aurelius Cy Andrea Busson (born 4 February 2003). The father is her former partner, French financier Arpad Busson .Macpherson lives most of the time in Britain along with her two sons. She speaks fluent French and conversational Italian and Spanish.From 2010 to early 2012, Macpherson was in a relationship with property developer Jeff Soffer. ", ["2_1035"]] [21036, "St Peter's Church, Tickencote is a Church of England parish church in Tickencote , Rutland . Apart from the chancel arch and the sexpartite vaulting in the chancel, which are Norman and date from the mid 12th century, the building was rebuilt in 1792 at the expense of Miss Eliza Wingfield by the architect Samuel Pepys Cockerell . In 2019 the church passed into the care of the Churches Conservation Trust . While St Peter's underwent significant repair, the church was closed to visitors until June 2022. The church consists of a three bay nave, a chancel, tower of two storeys and a bell-stage on the south side and a transept on the north side which is used as a vestry . The tower also acts as an entrance porch. The church is built of the local limestone with Collyweston slate roofs and coped gables.The church now consists of a chancel with a sexpartite vault . The vaulting with its carving is original but may have been re-constructed in 1792 when the church was rebuilt and the chancel was encased with stonework, decorated in Romanesque revival style . The restored east end of the chancel has blind arcades of intersecting round-headed arches and engaged round shafts. There is a round-headed east window with stylized leaf-mouldings and billet-moulded hood mould continuing as frieze to either side. There are taller, narrower window lights in the priest's chamber which was above the chancel, but which is now blocked and inaccessible. Two orders of blind round-headed arcading above billet frieze. Blind rectangular panels in the east gable. On the north and south sides of chancel are arcade and billet friezes.Inside the chancel, there is, in a recess, a 14th-century wooden effigy and there is a wooden altar table of 1627.The most import and impressive feature of the church is the round-headed chancel arch the mid 12th century. This arch has six elaborately decorated orders on ornamental capitals. The inner order is roll-moulded, the second has beak-heads, the third has zig-zags and continuous crenellation, the fourth various heads including those of a king and queen, figures, animals, a green man and foliage and the fifth with zig-zags and the sixth an abstract version of beak mouldings. The outermost edge of the arch is decorated with billet moulding.The tower has pyramidal roof contains bells which until 1792 hung in a bell-cote at the west end of the chancel. The tower acts as a porch and the round-headed entrance has roll-moulded orders and tympanum with a tablet to Eliza Wingfield, at whose expense the 1792 restoration was undertaken.The nave , which was later medieval, was completely rebuilt in the 1792 restoration. The font which is Romanesque , is slightly later in date than the chancel arch. The font currently is positioned close to the arch, but an eighteenth-century plan shows that it was originally closer to the west end on the north side. The exterior decoration of the nave is a much freer interpretation of the Romanesque style and must be considered one of the earliest examples of Romanesque Revival architecture in the British Isles.Media related to St Peter's Church, Tickencote at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_1036"]] [21040, "Sanford station is a railroad terminal in Sanford, Florida . It is the southern terminus for Amtrak 's Auto Train , which runs between this station and Lorton, Virginia . Amtrak reported in its fiscal years 2021 and 2022 reports that the station is Amtrak's busiest station in Florida. It reported station ridership of 269,381 according to the 2022 report. As of 2022, the Auto Train loads its passengers on two tracks in Sanford, as no single track is long enough for all of the passenger railcars. A railroad crossing runs through the middle of Sanford's rail yard , an unusual situation for a modern station and yard.The station was opened in 1971 by the Auto-Train Corporation , a railroad that operated its rolling stock along tracks owned by other railroads. The station and the service closed when the railroad fell into bankruptcy in 1981.The station was reopened in 1983 when Amtrak revived the Auto Train service. In 2004, hurricanes damaged the station building. The facility was also older and smaller than the terminal at Lorton.On May 18, 2009, Amtrak broke ground on a new $10.5 million station designed by d+A design + Architecture of Yardley, Pennsylvania. The new building, which opened on October 18, 2010, has a waiting room for 600 travelers, a ticket counter, a caf\u00e9, restrooms, and a gift shop. The building incorporates energy-saving features such as energy-efficient HVAC, lighting, and glass coatings that minimize solar gain . A portion of the old station abutting the new structure was reconfigured into administrative offices. A second Amtrak station was located three-tenths of a mile south of the Auto Train terminal, which served the Silver Star , Silver Meteor , and Sunset Limited . The station was built by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1913 and rebuilt in 1953. Like most U.S. passenger stations, it was acquired by Amtrak upon its inception in 1971. Though Amtrak gave the address as 800 Persimmon Avenue, the station was actually located at the end of West 8th Street, about 760 feet (230\u00a0m) west of Persimmon Avenue. Amtrak closed the station on August 1, 2005, and demolished it in 2009.SunRail , the Central Florida commuter rail system, revived local passenger rail service to Sanford when it began operations in 2014. It built a new station on State Road 46 rather than on the site of the former Amtrak station. Media related to Sanford station (Amtrak) at Wikimedia Commons", ["2_1040"]] [21041, "Die Woche ( [d\u026a \u02c8v\u0254x\u0259] , 'The Week') was an illustrated weekly newspaper published in Berlin from 1899 to 1944. Die Woche reported on popular entertainment, including \"sensationalist crime stories\", and covered celebrities in sports and show business. Its publisher was newspaper magnate August Scherl , who also owned the Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger , a Berlin paper. By 1916, Scherl had been bought out by the (politically conservative) Hugenberg Press , and Die Woche came to play a part in the politics of the day, specifically in promoting an image of Paul von Hindenburg as both a military man and a civilian, aiding his appeal across the German population. A Turkish weekly magazine, Yedig\u00fcn , was inspired by Die Woche . Between 1993 and 2002, the title Die Woche was used for a completely different kind of weekly newspaper.This German newspaper-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1041"]] [21042, "The David J. and May Bock Woodward House is a historic house in the Alta Vista district of the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas . It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1994. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas on February 16, 1996. This 2 + 1 \u2044 2 -story Classic revival home was designed 1904\u20131905 by architect Atlee Ayres for businessman David J. Woodward (1864\u20131925) and his wife May Bock Woodward (1866\u20131942). The couple flipped twenty-three homes during their married life. David built the houses, and May decorated them. Each property would eventually be sold for profit when the couple moved upward to a more expensive residence. After David Woodward died, his wife sold the house at 1717 San Pedro in 1926 to the Woman's Club of San Antonio for $47,000. It is currently being used as the organization's clubhouse. The first floor of the house are the interior parlor, library with fireplace, butler's pantry, office, kitchen, powder room and dining room. When Ayres designed the house, the second floor served as living quarters with five bedrooms, bath and sitting room. Alterations made by the club converted three of the bedrooms into a single meeting room. The Woodwards intended the top floor to be a ballroom and had it designed with window box seats. Currently, it serves as storage space. ", ["2_1042"]] [21043, "Heat Wave (1998) was the fifth Heat Wave professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). The event took place on August 2, 1998 from the Hara Arena in Dayton, Ohio . This was the first edition of Heat Wave to be broadcast on pay-per-view. The event also featured talent from Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) due to partnership between ECW and FMW. Six professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. The main event was a Street Fight in which Tommy Dreamer , The Sandman and Spike Dudley defeated The Dudleys ( Buh Buh Ray Dudley , D-Von Dudley and Big Dick Dudley ). On the undercard , Taz successfully defended the FTW Heavyweight Championship against Bam Bam Bigelow in a Falls Count Anywhere match and Masato Tanaka defeated Mike Awesome . The event also featured FMW's Ace Hayabusa 's first and only major wrestling appearance in the United States as he teamed with Jinsei Shinzaki to take on Rob Van Dam and Sabu for the World Tag Team Championship . The event featured wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines . Wrestlers portrayed villains , heroes , or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches played out on ECW's television program Hardcore TV . At Wrestlepalooza , Tommy Dreamer and The Sandman defeated Dudley Boyz ( Buh Buh Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley ) in a tag team match. On the May 13 episode of Hardcore TV , Dudley Boyz threatened to give violence to Sandman and Dreamer. At It Ain't Seinfeld , The Dudleys (Buh Buh Ray, D-Von and Big Dick ) defeated the team of Tommy Dreamer, The Sandman and Spike Dudley in a six-man tag team match . A rematch took place between the two teams on the June 3 episode of Hardcore TV , which ended in a no contest due to outside interference by New Jack and Jack Victory . During the match, Dudley Boyz executed a 3D on Beulah McGillicutty , which infuriated Dreamer and he wanted revenge on Dudleys. The following week on Hardcore TV , Joel Gertner demanded that Dudleys apologize to Beulah for hitting her with a 3D and trying to break her neck and then Dudleys opened an ambulance and insulted McGillicutty by apologizing her in a mock. On the June 17 episode of Hardcore TV , Jack Victory and Dudleys defeated Tommy Dreamer, New Jack, The Sandman and Spike Dudley in a Philadelphia Street Fight . On the June 24 episode of Hardcore TV , Dreamer cut a promo in which he demanded revenge on Dudleys and he was then assaulted by Dudley Boyz until New Jack, Spike Dudley and The Hardcore Chair Swingin' Freaks (Balls Mahoney and Axl Rotten ) made the save. Dudley Boyz continued to insult Beulah McGillicutty on the following week's Hardcore TV , where Dreamer and Sandman brought out FMW's former owner Atsushi Onita as their mystery partner for a match against Dudleys, who eventually turned on Dreamer and Sandman and then New Jack and Spike Dudley made the save for Dreamer and Sandman but Dudleys ended up winning the match, with assistance by Jeff Jones, who made the fast count. On the July 22 episode of Hardcore TV , Buh Buh Ray defeated Dreamer, Sandman defeated D-Von and Big Dick defeated Spike in singles matches, allowing Dudleys to win the singles match series with 2-1 and they were allowed to pick up the stipulation for their scheduled match against Dreamer, Sandman and Spike at Heat Wave. At the end of the show, Dreamer cut an emotional promo on Beulah McGillicutty. Dudleys picked the stipulation to be a Street Fight. At Hostile City Showdown , The Triple Threat ( Shane Douglas , Chris Candido and Lance Storm ) competed against Bam Bam Bigelow and Taz in a handicap match , which ended in a no contest when Bigelow turned on Taz while Candido turned on his World Tag Team Championship partner Storm and then Douglas reformed Triple Threat with Bigelow and Candido. This led to Taz becoming a rival of Triple Threat. At Living Dangerously , Bam Bam Bigelow defeated Taz to win the World Television Championship . Taz continued his feud with Triple Threat primarily Shane Douglas and repeatedly demanded a title shot at Douglas' World Heavyweight Championship but Douglas suffered an injury and Taz was unable to get the title shot. At Wrestlepalooza, Taz attacked Douglas but was arrested and escorted away by the police. At It Ain't Seinfeld, Taz introduced his new FTW World Heavyweight Championship due to his frustration of not getting a title shot against Douglas and then challenged Douglas to a title vs. title match but was interrupted by Bigelow and Taz proclaimed that Bigelow would be his first victim. The following week on Hardcore TV , Douglas was being interviewed by Joey Styles until Taz interrupted him and revealed a Triple Threat T-shirt and offered to be a member of Triple Threat and protect Douglas if Douglas gave him a title shot for the World Heavyweight Championship. He then shook Douglas' hand but then attacked his arm to further injure it. Taz got involved in several brawls with Bigelow over the next few weeks, leading to Douglas announcing on the July 8 episode of Hardcore TV that Bigelow and Taz would compete in a match at Heat Wave. On the July 22 episode of Hardcore TV , Taz issued an open challenge to any wrestler with Bigelow accepting the challenge and both men brawled with each other until Lance Storm and Chris Candido made the rescue for Bigelow. Chris Candido's betrayal of Lance Storm at Hostile City Showdown evolved into a rivalry between the two partners. Storm defeated Candido in a match at CyberSlam and the feud continued between the two. At Living Dangerously, Storm and his chosen partner Al Snow defeated Candido and Shane Douglas in a tag team match. Despite the ongoing feud with each other, Candido and Storm remained World Tag Team Champions but were at odds with each other. On the July 1 episode of Hardcore TV , Candido and Storm lost the World Tag Team Championship to Rob Van Dam and Sabu . The following week on Hardcore TV , there were signs of dissension between the two when Storm blamed Candido for the title loss while confronting Taz during a promo . On the July 15 episode of Hardcore TV , Storm sat at ringside and let Candido on his own for a tag team match against Blue World Order ( Nova and The Blue Meanie ) and helped Candido in winning the match after letting Candido wrestle the entire match against bWo by himself. Candido and Storm received a rematch for the World Tag Team Championship on July 22 Hardcore TV , during which Storm turned on Candido by walking out on him. On the July 29 episode of Hardcore TV , Candido's leader Shane Douglas cut a promo and held Storm responsible for Sabu injuring Candido's ear and vowed that Candido would avenge the injury from Storm, leading to a match between the two at Heat Wave. Masato Tanaka from ECW's Japanese partner Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling competed in his first ECW match at Living Dangerously, defeating Doug Furnas . He then made his full-time debut for ECW on the July 1 episode of Hardcore TV by defeating Balls Mahoney . The following week, on Hardcore TV , Mike Awesome returned to ECW, having wrestled last for the company in a losing effort against Louie Spicolli at Crossing the Line Again in 1997. In his return match, Awesome lost to Tanaka and then decided to execute an Awesome Bomb on him through a table, thus beginning a rivalry between the two and a match was set between the two at Heat Wave. On July 29 episode of Hardcore TV , Tanaka teamed with Jerry Lynn to defeat the team of Awesome and Justin Credible in a tag team match. At It Ain't Seinfeld, Jerry Lynn defeated Justin Credible in a match to begin a feud between the two. At A Matter of Respect , Credible defeated Lynn in a two out of three falls match . The feud continued as Lynn defeated Credible in an \"I Quit\" match on the June 17 episode of Hardcore TV . On the July 15 episode of Hardcore TV , Credible and Jason defeated Lynn and Pablo Marquez in an elimination tag team match . The feud led to a match between the two at Heat Wave, with their final encounter taking place on the July 29 Hardcore TV , where Lynn and Masato Tanaka defeated Credible and Mike Awesome. Before the event aired live on pay-per-view, The Hardcore Chair Swingin' Freaks ( Balls Mahoney and Axl Rotten ) defeated The F.B.I. ( Little Guido and Tracey Smothers ). In the opening match, Justin Credible took on Jerry Lynn . Lynn started the match with a sunset flip and a crossbody for near-falls . Credible attempted to execute an early That\u2019s Incredible on Lynn but Lynn countered with a hurricanrana to toss him out of the ring and then delivered a diving splash . Credible hit a powerbomb onto a steel chair to get a near-fall. Credible then tossed Lynn out of the ring where his bodyguards Jason and Nicole Bass attacked Lynn, allowing Credible to gain advantage. Lynn made a comeback with a double underhook powerbomb and a hurricanrana from the top rope . Lynn then delivered a tornado DDT on a steel chair and covered Credible for the pinfall but Chastity put Credible's foot on the rope. Lynn then delivered a hurricanrana to Credible from the top rope through a table outside the ring. Lynn returned to the ring where Jason hit him with a steel chair but Lynn countered with a double underhook powerbomb and then Bass attacked him but he countered with a low blow . Lynn delivered a kneeling reverse piledriver to an interfering Chastity and then attempted a hurricanrana to Credible from the top rope but Credible countered with a low blow and delivered a That's Incredible from the second rope to win the match. Next, Lance Storm took on Chris Candido and Tammy Lynn Sytch returned to ECW to be in Candido's corner. Candido sported a headgear to cover his surgically repaired ear and Storm removed it in the earlier portion of the match. Candido applied a Surfboard on Storm until Storm dropkicked out of the hold. Sytch tripped Storm, allowing Candido to gain advantage over Storm. Storm hit a superkick to make a comeback but Candido countered with a neckbreaker . Storm then suplexed Candido to the outside and then dived onto Candido out of the ring through the ropes. Storm followed with a Superplex and followed with a flying spinning heel kick . Storm dived through into the ring from the apron and Candido countered by powerslamming Storm. Sytch interfered by crutching Storm into the ropes, allowing Candido to execute a Blonde Bombshell for the victory. A match was scheduled to take place between New Jack and Jack Victory at the event but was cancelled due to a brawl between the two in the parking lot.Later, Masato Tanaka and Mike Awesome competed in a match. Awesome dominated the match by performing a diving back elbow drop and then caught a flying Tanaka with a belly-to-belly suplex and followed with a diving shoulder block . The action then spilled to the outside where both men brawled at the ringside area until returning to the ring where Awesome delivered an Awesome Bomb to Tanaka followed by an Awesome Splash to get near-falls. Awesome hit Tanaka with a chair three times but Tanaka still managed to get up. Awesome executed a running Awesome Bomb and set a table outside the ring and dived onto Tanaka from the top rope with a steel chair and then attempted to drive Tanaka through the table with an Awesome Bomb but Tanaka countered and delivered a Powerbomb to Awesome through the table. Tanaka delivered a Roaring Elbow to Awesome and followed with a tornado DDT onto two steel chairs to win the match. Rob Van Dam and Sabu defended the World Tag Team Championship against the Japanese team of Hayabusa and Jinsei Shinzaki from FMW . Both teams exchanged momentum during the early portion of the match. Hayabusa and Sabu used acrobatic moves against each other as Sabu dropkicked him in the knee and executed an Arabian Press . Sabu then applied a camel clutch on Hayabusa and then RVD dropkicked Hayabusa and then Shinzaki delivered a springboard dropkick to RVD. Hayabusa knocked Sabu outside the ring with a baseball slide and followed with a springboard moonsault . The action then spilled to the audience. Hayabusa and Shinzaki gained the momentum against RVD and Sabu and Hayabusa ultimately hit a Firebird Splash on RVD. RVD and Sabu made a comeback with a tandem Rolling Thunder . Sabu applied a Boston crab on Shinzaki and RVD delivered a diving leg drop to get a near-fall. A table was set up in the ring and then RVD delivered Van Daminators to Hayabusa and Shinzaki. RVD and Sabu set the challengers on the table and delivered diving leg drops to both men to retain the titles. The penultimate match was a Falls Count Anywhere match for Taz 's FTW Heavyweight Championship . Bigelow dominated Taz with a powerbomb and then Taz rose up and began a wild brawl with Bigelow which spilled to the crowd. The two returned to the ring where Bigelow hit another powerbomb and then set a table in the ring and drove Taz through the table. He set up the broken table in the corner and attempted to drive Taz into it again but Taz countered by driving Bigelow through the table with a T-Bone Tazplex . They began brawling in the aisle where Bigelow attempted a T-Bone suplex into the crowd but Taz countered that into a tornado DDT. Bigelow walked towards the ring but Taz applied a Tazmission on Bigelow from behind to make him tap out and retain the FTW Championship. In the main event of the show, Tommy Dreamer , The Sandman and Spike Dudley took on The Dudleys ( Buh Buh Ray Dudley , D-Von Dudley and Big Dick Dudley ) in a Street Fight . Sandman began bleeding by smashing a beer can on his head before the match even began. Both teams exchanged moves until Buh Buh attempted a Bubba Bomb on Spike which he countered into a hurricanrana and then Sandman hit Buh Buh with a beer can. Both teams then used weapons against each other and brawled throughout the match. Near the end of the match, Big Dick put Dreamer on a ladder and Spike attempted an Acid Drop on Big Dick but Big Dick countered by tossing him through a table outside the ring. Sandman knocked Big Dick by hitting him with a Singapore cane in the head and then attempted to knock out Buh Buh with the cane too but he avoided it and hit him with a chair. Buh Buh tried a diving splash on Dreamer onto the ladder but Dreamer moved out of the way and then delivered a Dreamer DDT to Buh Buh through the table for the win. Heat Wave received mixed reviews from critics. Kevin Pantoja of 411Mania rated a score of 8 to the event and called it \"the best ECW Pay-Per-View of all time\", with \"Despite the fact that the last two matches are the worst, they're both entertaining and fun brawls. The undercard featured good wrestling and good brawling. I recommend this as a fun way to spend nearly three hours.\" Scott Keith of Inside Pulse stated \"I liked it \u201clive\u201d (on the big screen) for the most part. I got into it a lot, but the half half really, really ruined my enjoyment because I kept waiting for the big spots instead of enjoying the show. I dislike being manipulated like that, especially when I can watch it later in a more objective (and less alcohol influenced) frame of mind and be as disappointed as I was. Thumbs up on the ECW sliding scale that you have to apply given their horrible efforts since Barely Legal , thumbs down if you compare it to a real PPV.\" David of Wrestling Recaps wrote \"This show is called ECW\u2019s best more often than any other pay-per-view or pre-PPV-era supercard, but I disagree. It\u2019s a fun ride all the way through, everyone on the card was a good worker at the time (except Big Dick Dudley), and there isn\u2019t one throwaway match, but it doesn\u2019t have any real standout matches. Lynn/Credible is awesome but doesn\u2019t quite hold the show on its back. I think it gets a good wrap for RVD/Sabu/Shinzaki/Hayabusa and Tanaka/Awesome, which were both a lot of fun, but not quite the caliber you might expect from these six names. Also, in terms of ECW storylines at the time, there weren\u2019t many surprises. Everyone knew that Taz and Tommy Dreamer were going to get revenge in their respective feuds and everyone knew that RVD and Sabu wouldn\u2019t job to a pair of imports brought in for one night. Thumbs up, one of the best ECW pay-per-views, but just not THE best.\" In 2013, WWE released a list of their \"15 best pay-per-views ever\", with the 1998 Heat Wave ranked at number 14. The event was named as the Best Major Wrestling Show of 1998 by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter .Lance Storm continued his rivalry with Chris Candido at Heat Wave as the two squared off in a rematch on the August 12 episode of Hardcore TV , where Storm defeated Candido after fooling him to believe that Tammy Lynn Sytch was bound under a WWF contract and could not be allowed to be at ECW. However, after the match, Joey Styles revealed that Sytch was freed from her WWF contract. Two weeks later, on Hardcore TV , Sytch appeared along with Candido to tell everyone that she would stay in ECW until Storm interrupted them and Candido cleared him from the ring. On the September 5 episode of Hardcore TV , Storm introduced his new valet Tammy Lynn Bytch as an insult to Sytch and then Candido managed to defeat Storm when Sytch pinned him after Sytch ripped off Bytch's clothes. At UltraClash , Candido and Sytch defeated Storm and Bytch in a tag team match to end the feud. The Triple Threat moved on to a feud with Rob Van Dam and Sabu after the event as Taz defended his unrecognized FTW Heavyweight Championship against Sabu and Bam Bam Bigelow in a triple threat match on the August 12 episode of Hardcore TV with Taz retaining the title due to the match ending in a thirty-minute time limit draw. RVD and Sabu ultimately formed an alliance with Taz called New Triple Threat, which feuded with Triple Threat as Shane Douglas recovered from his injury and made a comeback to in-ring competition. After intensely feuding for the next three months, New Triple Threat defeated Triple Threat at November to Remember to end the feud. ", ["2_1043"]] [21047, "Janette Sadik-Khan (born April 28, 1961) is a former commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation (2007\u20132013) and an advisor on transportation and urban issues. She works for Bloomberg Associates, a philanthropic consultancy established by former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg that advises mayors around the world to improve the quality of life for their residents. She serves as chairperson for the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), a coalition of the transportation departments of 40 large cities nationwide. Sadik-Khan was born in San Francisco , California, and moved to New York City as a child. She is the daughter of Orhan Idris Sadik-Khan (1929-2007), managing director of UBS Paine Webber , and his first wife Jane McCarthy, an environmental pioneer, one of the founders of Citizens for Clean Air in NYC, an urban preservationist, Chief Administrator Officer at the Municipal Art Society, and currently an advocate for criminal justice reform. Orhan Sadik-Khan was born in Finland , and grew up in Berlin and Cairo , son of Afghan ( Tatar ) parents; his father was the imam Alimjan Idris , and his mother a paediatrician. She holds a B.A. in Political Science from Occidental College in Los Angeles, California, and a J.D. from Columbia University School of Law . Sadik-Khan worked in the New York City Department of Transportation during the administration of David Dinkins and became the mayor's transportation advisor. Sadik-Khan subsequently worked as deputy administrator of the Federal Transit Administration at the United States Department of Transportation in Washington, D.C. under President Bill Clinton, and she was a senior vice president at Parsons Brinckerhoff , an international transportation engineering firm.Sadik-Khan was appointed transportation commissioner by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2007 and served in that role until 2013. Her tenure was marked by significant changes to New York City streets and public spaces, including the conversion of road space into bike lanes and into pedestrian plazas, notably along Broadway at Times Square and Herald Square, and the creation of the car-free streets summer program called Summer Streets . Called a \"bicycle visionary\" by the New York Times, \"equal parts Jane Jacobs and Robert Moses ,\" by New York magazine, and one of \"The Most Innovative and Practical Thinkers of Our Time\" by Slate, Sadik-Khan oversaw the building of nearly 400 miles of bike lanes and more than 60 pedestrian plazas in New York City, and she worked with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to create seven rapid bus routes across the city. She led the creation of Citi Bike , a bike share network of 6,000 bikes\u2014the nation's largest\u2014which has since been expanded to 12,000 bikes in three boroughs. Over her six and a half years in office, approximately 180 acres of former New York City road space for motor vehicles was converted to use by bicycles and pedestrians, and another 44 acres designated as bus-only lanes.Sadik-Khan's time in office was also marked by media controversy over her policies, and encountered sometimes vocal opposition. The transportation department was sued over the placement of bike lanes and bike share racks, and some projects were criticized in the news media. Despite the controversy, the bike lane, plaza and bike share programs that Sadik-Khan introduced were consistently supported in citywide polls by majorities of New Yorkers, and all lawsuits were ultimately dismissed or have yet to lead to the removal of any lane.At Bloomberg Associates , she advises city mayors on transportation practices, including in Los Angeles, Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, Oakland and Athens, and she speaks at international forums.She is the author of the book \"Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution,\" based on her experience as commissioner and her new role as global transportation advisor.She is married to Mark Geistfeld, a professor at New York University School of Law , with whom she has one child.", ["2_1047"]] [21048, "Nikolayev was the lead ship of the Kara-class cruisers of the Soviet Navy . She was launched on 19 December 1969 and commissioned on 31 December 1971 at the 61 Communards Shipyard . On 8 February 1972, she became part of the 30th Surface Ship Division of the Black Sea Fleet . Between 26 September\u20131 October 1973, she paid a visit to Split , Yugoslavia, and between 15\u201321 April 1981 to Havana , Cuba. On 9 April 1984 she was reassigned to the Pacific Fleet . On 16 July 1986 at night, she collided with destroyer Strogy (1967) during the exercises in the Sea of Japan . After light repairs at Dalzavod, Vladivostok, she made a transition to Sevastopol, and then Nikolayev. On 1 November 1987, Nikolayev was delivered to Nikolayev for major repairs. In April 1992, the repairs were cancelled and on 29 October 1992, she was decommissioned. On 10 August 1994, she was towed for scrapping in India. ", ["2_1048"]] [21051, "H\u00e9ctor Berra (23 September 1909 \u2013 4 November 1977) was an Argentine track and field athlete. He competed in the 100 metres , long jump and the decathlon at the 1932 Summer Olympics . He reached the finals in long jump and finished in the seventh position with a 6.66 meters jump. Aside from his participation in the Olympic Games , H\u00e9ctor participated in the South American Championships in Athletics representing Argentina in 1929, 1931, 1933 and 1937. He won 3 straight championships with the national team (1929/1931/1933), and 4 gold medals ( decathlon in 1929/1931, and long jump in 1931/1933), one silver medal ( shot put in 1937) and broke three South American records in the process (long jump in 1931/1933, and decathlon in 1931). His South American record in decathlon remained unmatched until the 1975 South American Championships in Athletics when his Argentine compatriot Tito Steiner won his first gold medal. This biographical article relating to Argentine athletics is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1051"]] [21038, "George Sturgess Buck (1875\u20131931) was Mayor of the City of Buffalo, New York , serving 1918\u20131922. He was born in Chicago, Illinois , on February 10, 1875, and moved to Buffalo the following year. He graduated from Buffalo's Central High School in 1892, and received a B. A. from Yale University in 1896. He graduated from the Buffalo Law School in 1898, and was admitted to the bar the same year. He married Ellen Louise Hussey on October 6, 1903. He was elected Mayor on November 6, 1917, as the Republican candidate. During his term, he worked to avert a strike by the International Railway Company (I.R.C.). In addition, he was active throughout World War I in fostering patriotism and aided the various war organizations in any way he could. Buck lost his bid for re-election on November 8, 1921. After his term as mayor was over, he returned to his law practice and became a director of the Buffalo City Planning Association. He died on July 5, 1931, and was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery . This article about a mayor in New York is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .This article related to Buffalo, New York is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .", ["2_1038"]]