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It is essential that families understand why aggression in people with dementia arises and what to do to reduce frustration. UCLA psychologist Linda Ercoli, PhD empowers CAREgivers with a thorough explanation of the common causes of verbal and physically aggressive behavior in people with advancing dementia.
Dr. Ercoli explains that aggression in people with dementia is a range of behaviors. Self-harm, catastrophic reactions, violence toward others, vulgar language, throwing things, spitting on others, and obscene sexual gestures are all forms of aggression that are prevalent in people with dementia. According to Dr. Ercoli, 98% of dementia CAREgivers will observe some form of aggression, with the likelihood increasing in the latter stages of the disease’s progression.
Dr. Ercoli stresses the importance of understanding the primary sources of aggression, including communication barriers, internal factors, and environmental factors. She explains the ways well-intentioned loved ones can reinforce aggression and increase the likelihood of it repeating or escalating. She then explains the best ways to resolve aggression and decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence. We encourage you the investment an hour to view her informative discourse below.
OPICA has long understood the resolves for aggression in people with dementia. Our skilled staff employs all the techniques Dr. Ercoli stresses to nurture an environment of compassion, support, and joy for our members. To learn more about OPICA’s Adult Day Program click HERE. Help other KNOW MORE, share this information with your social media networks below. | <urn:uuid:cd2ecc54-aed1-4493-8cda-f5dd1b7d4a6e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.opica.org/3279-2/ | 2024-02-22T17:56:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.921833 | 305 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Browser extensions can improve the way a web browser works. Users can choose from extensions that block ads, improve security, organize bookmarks, and help maintain users' focus on tasks. However, hackers can use some extensions to get into a device and take advantage of its weaknesses.
Choose your extensions with care. Make sure they come from a reliable source and use the best practices below to keep your information safe.
What Are Extensions?
Extensions are web apps or software products that change how a web browser works. Most of the time, these changes are good. Some extensions let browser users customize the way they browse, which makes it easier to store information.
However, some extension developers use their goods for bad purposes. Many app stores, like Google Web Store, make sure that extensions that haven't been tested or could be dangerous don't end up on their shelves. But this doesn't help people who have already downloaded them.
Be Careful When Choosing Extensions
Most of the Google Chrome extensions in Google's store are likely safe to use. But people who use the internet could still run into bad applications made by hackers who want to steal personal information. Once these extensions change your software and integrate into your browser, you might need help to remove them.
Some Extensions Steal Sensitive Information
Be careful about which extensions you choose because they could identify, collect, and share your personal information with people you don't know.
Particularly vulnerable information includes:
- Log-in details like usernames, passwords, and email addresses
- Financial information such as credit card digits, routing numbers, and account numbers
- Purchasing accounts like Amazon
- Biometric identifiers
Some web extensions and apps show what information they collect and share with third parties. Choose extensions that take as little information as possible about how you use the web. Otherwise, choose extensions with clear descriptions to prevent hackers from accessing your data.
Some Extensions Serve Adware
Adware is also known as advertising-supporting software. This type of malware gets your data and sends you ads that are tailored to you. When you download an extension containing adware, you'll get ads tailored to how you browse.
But adware can also harm your devices and web browsers in other ways. Some adware variations do the following:
- Slow down how fast your device responds
- Installing unwanted files like spyware or viruses
- Controlling how you navigate your browser without your permission
People often have trouble removing adware and unwanted downloads because the files are often deep in the device's storage.
Avoiding and Removing Malicious Extensions
Malicious extensions can be avoided by downloading them from a trusted web store's page. For instance, a Chrome extension for web browsing from the Chrome Web Store is safe. If you use a password manager, you should be careful because this type of extension stores the most sensitive information.
Keep track of your current extension collection's whereabouts because even trusted extensions can go wrong or fall victim to bad developers. Be careful whenever you choose an extension. | <urn:uuid:c6ec8e2f-7396-45fb-9da9-778e0fab956a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.packetlogix.com/2023/10/07/why-business-owners-should-be-careful-when-choosing-extensions/ | 2024-02-22T18:05:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.923888 | 620 | 2.890625 | 3 |
In the U.S., seven Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) and Independent System Operators (ISOs) are responsible for running the high voltage electric transmission grid in North America and Canada. With a territory that spans all or parts of 13 states and the District of Columbia, PJM is among the largest of these organizations.
You’ve no doubt heard the name, but do you know what PJM stands for and what it does? Read on to learn more about PJM’s meaning and why it’s a key player in the U.S. energy market.
What does PJM stand for?
In 1927, three utilities in New Jersey and Pennsylvania formed an integrated power pool to maximize the benefits and efficiencies that come from sharing generating resources via interconnected high voltage power lines.
In 1956, additional utilities in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, as well as utilities in Maryland, joined the power pool and PJM (which stands for Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) was born.
Today, PJM has evolved into a regional transmission organization (RTO) that includes more than 1,100 member utilities serving more than 65 million people. An independent nonprofit organization, PJM’s territory spans nearly 369,000 square miles and includes all or parts of Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, and of course, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland.
Headquartered northwest of Philadelphia in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, the PJM market has over 183,000 megawatts of generation capacity and 88,000 miles of transmission lines.
What does PJM do?
As noted above, PJM is a regional transmission organization. Per its mandate from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the government regulatory agency that oversees the country’s electricity transmission, PJM is a nonprofit entity that does not sell electricity to end users, nor does it own any equipment such as generators or power lines. Rather, PJM is responsible for the safety, reliability, and security of the bulk power transmission system in its footprint.
Wholesale electricity market
Like other ISO/RTOs, PJM carries out its mission in a number of ways. First, it coordinates the movement of electricity across its service territory with the management of a wholesale electricity market. PJM offers both a day-ahead and real-time energy market energy market.
As the market coordinator, PJM is responsible for balancing the needs and equitable access of all market participants, as well as ensuring the reliability of the grid at the lowest cost possible.
In addition to its wholesale market, PJM runs a capacity market that takes a longer-term view on electricity supply and demand. Each year, PJM holds an auction to secure enough power to meet the peak demand it expects to see in three years.
Ancillary services market
The final market that PJM oversees is an ancillary services market, which helps to balance the grid through regulation and reserves markets. The regulation market manages short-term supply and demand shortfalls, while the reserves market includes generation resources that can be quickly brought online in case of an unexpected generator outage.
In summary, PJM is a keystone entity that oversees critical electricity markets and operations across 13 states and D.C. With PJM’s integral role, in-depth knowledge of its complex systems is invaluable for market participants.
PCI Energy Solutions provides optimized tools to help manage your organization’s participation across PJM’s wholesale, capacity, and ancillary service markets. Learn more about how we can support your PJM engagement through superior analytics and timely insight into the key drivers of profitability. | <urn:uuid:92c1ad52-14af-4581-bc85-ea14c45250b1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.pcienergysolutions.com/2024/01/03/what-is-pjm-and-what-does-it-do/ | 2024-02-22T17:40:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.935848 | 765 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Growing Organically — a choice to bring sanity, science and sweetness back to our world — brings the good life to your door. Come see what we can offer your garden, your yard and your family.
Or.gan.ic – adjective
1. Of living things: relating to, derived from, or characteristic of living things
2. Developing naturally: occurring or developing naturally without being forced or contrived
3. AGRICULTURE: avoiding synthetic chemicals; relating to or employing agricultural practices that avoid the use of chemicals in favor of naturally occurring pesticides, fertilizers and other growing aids.
The benefits of organic food are endless (see 12 Top Reasons to Go Organic – PDF). For starters, it has been shown that organically grown food is significantly higher in the essential vitamins and nutrients that your body uses in it’s defense against cancer. Organic food also greatly reduces the intake of harmful chemicals in the human body, as organic food production does not use any pesticides, growth hormones, fertilizers or toxic artificial additives like flavoring, coloring or preservatives. Studies at the University of Washington concluded, that children who eat a diet of organic food show a level of pesticide six times lower than compared to children who eat a diet of inorganically grown food. Organic food arrives at the market in its natural state with its nutrient content intact. It tastes better, stores better and is better for you, your family and the environment. Visit the Organic Consumers Association to learn more.
Not only do you get good eats devoid of nasty chemicals when you garden organically, but it’s a form of relaxation and exercise. Something you can do your whole life. There’s actually something called “horticultural therapy,” which uses gardening to help people become physically and emotionally fit. Like any other regular physical activity, gardening can help reduce your risk of heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, adult-onset diabetes, osteoporosis and stroke.
Organic gardening also rejuvenates the spirit. It’s relaxing to feel the sun on your back as you plant, weed or water. Just the feeling of mud wiggling happily between your toes is enough to bring out your inner child. Gardening can connect you to the natural rhythm of the earth and its cycles in a way that nothing else really can. Watching the seedlings you plant grow to adulthood and finally seeing them on your own kitchen table nourishing your family is one of the easiest and most positive ways to become more self sufficient and personally responsible (see Self Sufficient ‘ish’.com – The urban guide to almost self sufficiency).
And organic doesn’t have to mean more expensive. Chemical fertilizers tend to cost the same or more as natural ones, not to mention that much of your typical gardening expenses can be replaced by doing things like composting kitchen scraps thus eliminating the need for store bought compost and reducing your need for fertilizer. Pesticides and herbicides, another major expense of gardening, can be reduced or eliminated with some careful thought and planning. Simply by choosing plants that thrive in the environment you’re growing in, will boost the plants ability to fend off predators. You can also introduce beneficial insects into your garden to provide long-term control of pest populations, or use things that they have a natural aversion to (for example ants hate cucumber peels) to keep them away.
There are a multitude of growing techniques out there. All do not have to involve using harsh chemical products or synthetic fertilizers. We believe a common sense approach to gardening involves working with the environment as opposed to combatting it. The choice is really yours!
Contains diatomaceous earth, a fine powder made from tiny fossilized algae-like plants.
$14.95Read moreAll-Purpose (5-5-5)
Granulated and easy to use, Happy Frog All-Purpose is one of the best!
$12.95Read moreLiquid Calcium
An easy-to-use concentrate that plays many important roles in plant growth. | <urn:uuid:ba764595-7441-42f2-ad29-19ae160794ae> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.planetnatural.com/organic-gardening-guru/benefits-of-organic/ | 2024-02-22T18:17:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.940296 | 837 | 2.578125 | 3 |
At 48-hours, Nova Scotia has one of the longest workweeks in the country. Before a worker is legally entitled to earn an overtime rate of pay (one-and-a half times their regular wage), they generally have to have worked 48-hours over a one-week span.
The Canadian labour movement began advocating for a 9-hour work day during the late 1800s. By the 1950s, a 40-hour work week became standard across the country. This shortened work week was won by labour groups who believed that reduced working hours would prevent abuse and worker exhaustion.
The nation achieved a 40-hour workweek so long ago it may seem surprising to hear that the Nova Scotian workweek is still 8-hours longer. “When hosting our know-your-rights workshops, one of the topics that confuses workers most is the abnormally long working hours in this province,” says Katrin MacPhee, labour lawyer and volunteer for Halifax Workers Action Centre. “It is a subject that often requires some explaining. People assume that work weeks are just 40-hours in length.”
Compared with most other Canadian provinces, a 48-hour work week is exceptionally long. Five Canadian provinces and all three territories have achieved 40-hour work weeks. Under the Canada Labour Code, federally regulated workers also operate under this standard.
In addition to guaranteeing a weekly overtime rate after 40-hours of work, several provincial jurisdictions specify that employees are eligible to receive overtime pay if they work more than eight hours in a day. Nova Scotia, however, has yet to implement a daily overtime rate for employees who exceed an 8-hour work day.
The cost long hours
For workers, the consequences of long hours are their physical and mental wellbeing. Multiple health risks are associated with overtime work, including excessive alcohol consumption, depression, anxiety, physical pain, and even workplace injury.
By eroding time available for friends and family, long work weeks can come with emotional and personal consequences as well. “When people aren’t able to spend time with their friends and family, feelings of isolation can set in,” says Sakura Saunders, another organizer with the Halifax Workers’ Action Centre.
This can be especially destructive to families with small children, including single mothers. As Saunders says, “making ends meet is already challenging given the low wages in this province. When parents have so little free-time, strain is put on vulnerable families who could benefit from the presence of a parent”.
Even from an employer standpoint, imposing long working hours on employees may come with its own set of consequences. Studies prove that when people are unhealthy, stressed, and exhausted, they are less engaged at work. On the other hand, when employees are well-rested, they tend to perform better, and worker retention is improved.
The effects of a 48-hour work week can come with added financial consequences, particularly for low-income workers in Nova Scotia. Rebecca Casey, Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Acadia University and author of a recent CCPA report “A Rising Tide Lifts all Boats”, calculates a potential $140 weekly earnings loss for minimum wage workers in the province. “$140 can make an enormous difference to a low-income household,” says MacPhee. For workers who are paid more than minimum wage, earnings losses are even greater.
Some workers in Nova Scotia are only entitled to an overtime rate of pay after 110 hours of work over a 2-week period, which is especially concerning. Farm workers, apprentices, live-in health care professionals, and janitors are all examples of people who may be exempt from the standard legislation regarding overtime pay.
Reduce the work week
“These workers could work 60 hours one week and 50 hours the next week, and still be ineligible for overtime pay simply because the combined hours do not exceed 110,” says MacPhee. “This renders some workers excessively vulnerable, and exposes them to increased risk.”
A 48-hour work week is excessive and harmful. When long working hours come without the financial reward of overtime pay, the implications can be even more severe. “The Fight for $15 and Fairness campaign, along with the Halifax Workers’ Action Centre, is pushing for a reduction in the long hours imposed on workers in the province,” says Saunders. “Nova Scotians simply deserve better.” | <urn:uuid:3908bcc7-60ff-4e0d-9b70-39bf4f688b94> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.rankandfile.ca/reduce-nova-scotias-work-week/ | 2024-02-22T16:45:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.968756 | 920 | 3 | 3 |
The William Wilson Story
On 10 September 1816, a young Scot named William Wilson entered the world in the small town of Cupar in Scotland’s Fife Shire. William’s love of nature started young and his affinity with the earth saw him appointed as a gardener to a nearby estate.
He later enlisted in the 42nd Regiment of the Black Watch Highlanders, spending six years serving in Ireland and the Mediterranean, where he was stationed on the Greek Islands of Zephalonia, Zante and Corfu. It was here he would learn about viticulture and horticulture.
Like many Scots, William and his family dreamt of adventure and opportunity in a faraway land. In 1849 they left everything to emigrate to South Australia. William was 33 when he landed at Port Adelaide (known then as ‘Port Misery’) and from there the family boarded the 18-tonne Cutter Resource to Robe.
They then travelled to Killanoola, 26 kilometres north of Coonawarra, the journey taking two weeks longer than expected because the kegs of beer on the bullock wagon were frequently quaffed by the thirsty bullockies, rendering them too drunk to travel.
After arriving in Penola, William sought his luck on the Victorian goldfields returning with £300. He then purchased Lot 133 in Petticoat Lane, Penola and built a four-bedroom home for his wife Agnes, using Mount Gambier stone.
William soon established a productive orchard and market garden, generously sharing his horticultural knowledge with other settlers, among them fellow Scot and pastoralist John Riddoch.
Riddoch owned a vast sheep and cattle station called Yallum Park but had a philanthropic dream to establish a fruit-growing colony populated by small independent farmers or “blockers”.
He sought advice from William Wilson about the best location of the settlement and the experienced horticulturist recommended he settle north of Penola due to its free draining, fertile terra rossa, rather than the black soils of Yallum Park.
In 1890 Riddoch took Wilson’s advice, founding the 1150 acre Penola Fruit Colony (later the Coonawarra Fruit Colony). He oversaw the planting of Cabernet and Shiraz vines and fruit orchards and built a large and imposing winery (now Wynns Coonawarra).
William Wilson died in 1891 before the Great Bank Crash of 1893 that ended Riddoch’s dream.
However, while most of the small fruit growers returned to dairy farming or laboring some saw the future in wine – among them William’s grandson Bill Redman. Bill purchased 40 acres of vineyard in 1908 and made his first wine in 1909. For the next 30 years Bill sold his bulk wine to other Australian wineries including Yalumba, Woodleys and Tolleys.
He was joined by his son Owen in 1937 and after years of hard work and patient investment, Redman Wines was able to capitalize on the Coonawarra boom of the 1970s.
Meanwhile, Bill’s sister in law Jessie had married local farmer William Balnaves, starting a lineage that would lead to the establishment of Balnaves of Coonawarra in 1974. Doug and Annette made their first wine in a concrete vat with the help of Bill Redman and went on to become one of the region’s most respected brands.
Today, William Wilson’s great-great-great-grandchildren Kirsty Balnaves, Pete Balnaves, Dan Redman and Michael Redman continue to produce some of the most famous wines from the Coonawarra terra rossa strip that their descendant discovered.
William Wilson Shiraz Cabernet
The William Wilson Shiraz Cabernet is unique blend of families and varieties, this limited edition “traditional claret” is a tribute to the sire of two great Coonawarra dynasties.
The two families conceived of a tribute wine in 2016, the 200th anniversary of William Wilson’s birth. The Redmans set aside a small parcel from their 85 year old North End Shiraz vineyard and the Balnaves reciprocated with a parcel of Cabernet from their 43 year old Paulownia vineyard.
The 2016 William Wilson Shiraz Cabernet has been produced in the traditional “claret style” with medium body, fine grained tannins and a great balance of fruit and structure.
Just 250 dozen of this limited release wine have been produced, a symbol of the sense of community in Coonawarra. | <urn:uuid:6b665e9d-c078-47d1-b6b9-d97ad85b7a69> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.redman.com.au/blog/The-William-Wilson-Story | 2024-02-22T18:08:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.96081 | 970 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Hydrogen peroxide readily breaks down into water and oxygen after administration. Any part of the body that may be oxygen deprived will benefit from this increased oxygen and can be very helpful in circulatory disorders.
The released oxygen also performs many helpful actions within the body including the inhibition and/or destruction of harmful parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Our immune system makes its own hydrogen peroxide and requires it to function properly.
Hydrogen peroxide stimulates the body’s production of white blood cells, which helps to break down calcium deposits within blood vessels, dissolves cholesterol, and converts toxins that are the by-products of cellular processes into a form that is easily eliminated. Hydrogen Peroxide can also help form ATP, also known as energy.
Hydrogen Peroxide therapy can be used to combatting the common cold, the flu and sinusitis and can be used in cases of respiratory illnesses such as:
Upper respiratory tract infection | <urn:uuid:140e7817-4dd1-42c0-b74a-bd1acba36316> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.rootcause.ca/hydrogen-peroxide-h202 | 2024-02-22T16:52:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.935872 | 204 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Why We Should Consider Safer Products, Not Just What We Ingest but What We Put on Our Skin:
When it comes to our health and well-being, we often focus on what we eat and drink. However, it's just as important to consider what we put on our skin. Personal care products like soaps, shampoos, and lotions can contain a variety of chemicals that can have negative effects on our health. Here's why we should consider using safer products, not just what we ingest but what we put on our skin.
Your skin is like a sponge, it's the largest organ in the body and is capable of absorbing substances that come into contact with it. This means that the chemicals in personal care products can be absorbed into our bloodstream and affect our overall health. Some studies have even found that the absorption of chemicals through the skin can be more harmful than ingesting them.
Many personal care products contain chemicals that can have negative effects on our health. For example, parabens, which are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products, have been linked to hormonal disruption and breast cancer. Phthalates, which are often used in fragrances, have been linked to reproductive problems and developmental issues in children.
Additionally, many personal care products contain ingredients that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions, such as fragrances, dyes, and preservatives. These chemicals can be particularly harmful for individuals with sensitive skin or conditions like eczema.
The chemicals in personal care products can also have negative effects on the environment. Many of these chemicals are not biodegradable and can end up polluting our waterways and harming wildlife. Additionally, the production and disposal of personal care products can have negative environmental impacts, such as greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation.
Choosing Safer Products
Fortunately, there are safer alternatives to conventional personal care products. Look for products that are free from harmful chemicals like parabens, phthalates, and sulfates. Additionally, consider using products that are certified organic or contain natural ingredients.
It's important to consider the safety of the personal care products we use, not just what we ingest. The chemicals in these products can have negative effects on our health and the environment. By choosing safer products, we can protect our health and reduce our environmental impact. | <urn:uuid:946c34f6-45a9-43ac-8eb0-bdaf37111aed> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sabaorganics.com/blogs/wellness-hub/why-we-should-consider-safer-products-not-just-what-we-ingest-but-what-we-put-on-our-skin | 2024-02-22T18:22:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.961475 | 475 | 3 | 3 |
The Scottish Parliament’s Environment Committee report this week on the impact salmon-farming has had on marine ecosystems found an industry for which “The status quo is not an option.”
“Scotland is at a critical point in considering how salmon farming develops in a sustainable way in relation to the environment,” the Committee, which recruited leading scientists, said.
“The Committee is supportive of aquaculture, but further development and expansion must be on the basis of a precautionary approach and must be based on resolving the environmental problems,” it said.
The planned expansion of the industry over the next 10 to 15 years will place “huge pressures on the environment”, members said in a joint statement.
“Industry growth targets of 300,000 to 400,000 tonnes by 2030 do not take into account the capacity of the environment to farm that quantity of salmon. If the current issues are not addressed, this expansion will be unsustainable and may cause irrecoverable damage to the environment.”
There were many specifics: from increasing salmon mortality to licenses issued despite glaring environmental concerns (like siting grow-outs meters from seal colonies or near wild-salmon migrations). Committee members who had gathered evidence were put off, the said, by the large numbers of fish slaughtered under the threat of disease.
“The Committee is concerned that the industry and regulators appear to be incapable of reducing the level of mortality. These levels would not be considered acceptable in other livestock sectors.”
The Report pointed the way to permitting procedures Parliament might now insist on — like punitive action for escapees, although this wasn’t explored.
Industry to pay
Fish-farm mortality was a regular theme in the 81-page Environmental Report, and government — if it abides by the recommendations — will want licenses based on Environmental Management Plans linked to a company’s record on dead fish, including their transport.
“There has been a lack of progress in tackling many of the key issues previously identified (in 2002) and unacceptable levels of mortality persist,” the report said, adding that it wanted caution to be ingrained in new licensing. For the research into what to be cautious about, the committee recommended industry pay.
In an unusual aside, the Committee recommended more research into “the full cost-benefit analysis” of recirculating aquaculture systems, or RAS,
Meanwhile, it was agreed that the 2,500-t farm biomass limit recently abandoned not be reintroduced, as the science on effluent was weak but noteworthy. “The new depositional model has now resulted in a removal of that limit and the result has been more interest in much larger farms,” Committee members observed. | <urn:uuid:6c020a65-7d7c-4dcb-ac7a-086460edab2f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.salmonbusiness.com/big-changes-coming-to-scottish-rules-report/ | 2024-02-22T18:32:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.962244 | 567 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Education has become an inevitable part of an individual’s life. The educational institutions are very important as they deliver education, a possessed asset in today’s time. In our country, there is a dearth of quality educational institutions. This means, that there are regions where standardized institutions do not exist. Hence, it becomes imperative to look into this matter and find a solution to it. The only way out is to set up more educational institutions to keep the country on the path of steady growth. Amongst other parts of the country, Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat has the highest education level i.e. 87.11% in the state of Gujarat. The capital city has many educational institutions but still, there is a scope for more. So, anyone who wants to set up his own school in Gandhinagar must follow the step-wise procedure given below.
The first and foremost thing to consider while starting a school is the amount of capital investment. The investment will largely depend on the type of school you are planning to open i.e. playschool, primary school or secondary school. For instance, a playschool can be started with Rs. 5-6 lakhs, a primary school with Rs. 12-15 lakhs and for a secondary school the amount of investment will be at least Rs. I crore.
After you determine the amount of investment and the type of school you want to open, the next step is to search for a location in Gandhinagar, to establish your school. Ensure that the location you choose has a calm and peaceful environment. Also, there should be easy transport accessibility.
Once you decide the location, the next step is to acquire land. Again, the land requirements would vary according to the type of school you want to open. To set up a primary school anywhere in Gandhinagar, 4,000-5,000 sq. ft. of area is sufficient. On the other hand for a formal school I-2 acres of land will suffice the essential facilities.
Now, you will have to obtain an Essentiality Certificate (EC) from the State Department of Education, without which you cannot commence the construction procedure. So, make sure you obtain the certificate within the stipulated period of time.
After obtaining the EC, you can start constructing the school building. The school infrastructure should be designed in such a way that it stimulates a learning environment. Spacious classrooms, well-equipped library, play area, activity rooms etc. are some of the basic facilities that your school must possess.
Once your school is ready for launch, you can start recruiting the teaching and non-teaching staff. Appoint well-qualified and experienced staff who is competent enough to handle the children.
Further, you have to publicise your school to make it known to the prospective parents in Gandhinagar. You can put up banners and hoardings in the area and along the busy roads of the city, to declare the pre-launch of your school. Apart from this, you can distribute flyers and pamphlets to promote your school.
At last, the most important step is to get you school affiliated to a recognized board of education. Schools in Gandhinagar are affiliated with the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board and Central Board. Hence, make sure that you seek affiliation for your school from any of these two boards.
If you think that the process of starting your own school is tedious, then, become a franchisee with one of the leading brands in the education sector-SHEMFORD. SHEMFORD Futuristic Schools runs a chain of formal schools with 50+ branches in India and Abroad. So, fill the Franchise Application Form and enjoy the benefits of a SHEMFORD franchise. | <urn:uuid:36973d6c-d463-44b7-bcfb-32df78b61e14> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.shemford.com/want-to-start-a-school-in-gandhinagar/ | 2024-02-22T17:44:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.968275 | 766 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Flossing is an essential part of maintaining good oral hygiene and overall health. By removing plaque and debris that can build up between teeth, flossing helps to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. In addition, flossing can also help to freshen breath and improve overall oral hygiene.
One of the main reasons to floss is to remove plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. Plaque can lead to tooth decay and gum disease if not removed regularly. When plaque is not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a professional cleaning at the dentist's office. Flossing can help to remove plaque and prevent the buildup of tartar, which can lead to cavities and gum disease.
Another reason to floss is to improve overall oral hygiene. Flossing can help to remove food particles and debris that can get lodged between teeth, causing bad breath and a less than desirable taste in the mouth. In addition, flossing can also help to massage the gums, which can promote blood flow and improve overall oral health.
Flossing is also an important preventative measure for overall health. Studies have shown that there is a link between gum disease and other health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. By keeping the gums healthy through regular flossing, the risk of developing these conditions may be reduced.
In conclusion, flossing is an essential part of maintaining good oral hygiene. It helps to remove plaque, improve overall oral hygiene, and may also promote overall health. It's important to make flossing a regular part of your daily routine in order to maintain a healthy mouth and a healthy body. | <urn:uuid:1745ca8c-0af4-48ba-84d5-221a15b1802e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.smileshop.co.za/blogs/news/why-do-we-need-to-floss-regularly | 2024-02-22T18:11:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.96379 | 347 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's original kernel (the central part of the operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete the operating system, Torvalds and other team members made use of system components developed by members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project.
Unlike Windows and other proprietary systems, Linux is publicly open and extendible by contributors. Because it conforms to the Portable Operating System Interface standard user and programming interfaces, developers can write programs that can be ported to other operating systems. Linux comes in versions for all the major microprocessor platforms including the Intel, PowerPC, Sparc, and Alpha platforms. It's also available on IBM's S/390.
SOLDIERX officially supports GNU Debian Linux. Please see http://www.debian.org for more information. | <urn:uuid:476c8156-7446-4a77-9479-ecab5bbb8ebb> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.soldierx.com/faq/What-Linux | 2024-02-22T18:36:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.934384 | 218 | 2.734375 | 3 |
History of Valencia
The Foundation of the Romans 138 BC
Roman legionaries founded “Valentia” on the banks of the Rio Turia in 138 BC. At this time they were the first to develop irrigation for the neighbouring regions.
Muslim Era AD 711 - 1238
When Rome collapsed, the Visigoths then settled, only to be banished by Muslim cohorts in AD 711. The Arabs produced rich agriculture and made Valencia an industrial centre. They established ceramics, paper, silk and leather industries and extended irrigation canals in the rich agricultural hinterland.
In 1010 the Cordoba Caliphate (empire) crumbled and was replaced by copious autonomous kingdoms including that of Valencia. A new wall was erected during the reign of King Abd al-Aziz, remains of which have survived to this day in the historical centre of El Carmen.
There was a short disturbance in 1094 by the triumphant rampage of the celebrated Castilian Knight El Cid.
Then in 1238, Christians then reclaimed the city, when Jamie I made Valencia part of the Catalan Kingdom andended five centuries of Muslim society, yet, even today we can see its trails in the city and the region of Valencia as a whole.
The Lucrative15th – 16th Century
In the 15th and 16th centuries Valencia was at its most lucrative. It was one of the Mediterranean’s strongest trading centres. Valencia embarked on a new period and created a social setup that still influences the region today.There was an economic boom, which was evident through the culture and art of the time. Several of the city’s renowned buildings were constructed, such asthe Torres dels Serrans, the bell tower known as "El Micalet" and the church of Los Reyes del Convento de Santo Domingo. The arts also flourished the city influenced by Flemish and Italian painters, and sculptors such as, Lluís Dalmau, Gonçal Peris or Damian Forment. Also the writers, Ausias March, Roiç de Corella or Sor Isabel de Villena began to thrive under the patronage of Alfonso the Magnanimous.
The 17th Century
The long reign of Felipe IV in the seventeenth century was characterised by the enforcing of absolutist ideals. The king had eliminated the privileges the city had once enjoyed, via his growing control of civic posts and his meddling, through the viceroy, in districts where the city had been granted powers by the charters. This meant there was progressing social tension and led to protests. This turbulence was aggravated by a serious of unfortunate events; the plague epidemics and the catastrophic flood of the Turia River in 1651, which slashed the population by one third.Valencia then made political decisions that would also cost them; one was joining the wrong side in the War in the Spanish Succession. In 1701 Valencia remained loyal to the new king, Bourbon Felipe V. During the eighteenth century Valencia had an economic spurt based on the manufacture of silk fabrics and industries such as tile making.
The 18th century Enlightenment
The eighteenth century was named the century of Enlightenment.Valencia found itself on the forefront as one of the outposts of modern philosophy, which influencedand enthused by the people of Valencia. This proceeded to the establishing of the Royal Economic Society of Friends in 1776. An organisation that brought a number of enhancements in the agricultural industry. It also supplemented and promoted a variety of financial, civic and cultural institutions.
Spanish Civil War
Then again in the Spanish Civil War, Valencia sided with the Republican government, and consequently obtained a seat in the party from November 1936 until October 1937. This did not do the city any favours when Franco rose to power.The city suffered from the blockade and siege by Franco's forces and the postwar period was hard for Valencians. Their culture was depressed; speaking or teaching Valencian was forbidden.
Valencia enjoyed autonomy that benefited from the decentralisation that occurred after Franco’s deathin 1975. In the last two decades Valencia has undergone many transformationsgeographically and socially. In a significant reversal it is now compulsory for every child to study Valencian, giving society a chance to gain the identy that they lost in the years Franco ruled.Schemes such as, the gardens, Jardín del Turia; the IVAM (Valencia Institute of Modern Art); the concert hall, Palau de la Música, and the conference centre, Palau de Congresos; the metro; the Ciudad de las Artes y de las Ciencias (City of the Arts and Sciences), and the park, Parque de Cabecera, have made Valencia an international cultural haven. | <urn:uuid:d1096663-840c-41c0-ac12-b879f4fb8650> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.spanish-town-guides.com/Valencia_History.htm | 2024-02-22T18:49:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.944887 | 985 | 3.578125 | 4 |
A new statistical method for linking genes to a disorder analyzes both rare and common variants of a gene at the same time, according to a study published 14 May in the American Journal of Human Genetics. This makes it possible to confirm associations that other techniques might overlook.
Spectrum: Autism Research News
Emerging tools and techniques that may advance autism research.
A new microscopy technique, published in the May issue of Nature Methods, can show the activity of more than 80 percent of the brain’s neurons at one time.
Using high-resolution microscopy, researchers can watch as signaling complexes assemble at neuronal junctions in zebrafish embryos, according to a study published 17 April in Cell Reports.
Researchers can use light to activate certain proteins that receive signals at the junctions between neurons and that are key targets for fragile X syndrome therapies, according to a study published in the April issue of Nature Neuroscience.
Researchers have adapted a motion-sensing video game controller to detect repetitive movements that are characteristic of autism, according to a preliminary study published in the 2012 Conference Proceedings – IEEE Engineering Medical Biological Society.
To define appropriate social behavior for mice, which are often used as laboratory models of human social disorders, it may be best to ask the mice. This is the basis of a new assay for mouse social deficits, published 21 February in Autism Research.
Browse Articles by Topic
Signs & Symptoms
Science & Society | <urn:uuid:bb651fe6-f9b0-4898-93c0-d83699d8e4fb> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/toolbox/page/46/ | 2024-02-22T16:45:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.933039 | 291 | 2.90625 | 3 |
At St. George’s we cultivate a love of learning and nurture the development of foundational skills across cognitive, social, emotional and physical domains. Our Early Childhood program, inclusive of preschool and pre-kindergarten, offers a secure and exciting environment for children to develop their imaginations and grow confident in their abilities.
Children participate in daily discovery-based, hands-on learning experiences that expose them to the foundational concepts of literacy, math, writing, science and social studies. Through whole group, small group and individual activities, our teachers facilitate the educational journey. By engaging and challenging students, they develop creativity and problem-solving abilities. The collaborative nature of our projects encourages peer relationships, cooperation and language development. At St. George’s, children are active contributors to their ongoing development and learning.
We believe children's work is play, and through play comes significant learning.
PreschoolOne-Year-Old Program: By building a positive and trusting relationship with each child, we provide a gentle and nurturing introduction to school while facilitating their emerging independence. As the children become comfortable in the environment and with their peers, we incorporate increasingly complex learning experiences and opportunities to develop oral and receptive language skills. The children also participate in a range of sensory experiences through play and small group work.
Two-Year-Old Program: We emphasize the discovery process of learning. By providing hands-on and open-ended activities, we foster the students' creativity and imagination. Over time, they play in increasingly complex ways, developing their cooperative communication and problem-solving abilities. Our small group approach is designed to encourage independence skills and collaboration while supporting the social-emotional needs of toddlers.
Pre-K3 Program: While upholding the importance of play, we capitalize on the natural curiosity of our students to incorporate academics in a meaningful way. They develop confidence, expand their imagination and form strong social connections with their peers. Through this balanced approach, we foster both social and academic problem solving in our classrooms.
Pre-K4 Program: Our Pre-K4 program is organized to provide a seamless transition for the students into the Lower School Division, balancing the age-appropriate need for play with a thoughtful introduction to structured learning and the continuation of the Project Approach. It's the best of Early Childhood with foundational skills for the future. | <urn:uuid:00e489a9-2604-4bcb-9adf-d1a7bbf1fd9f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.stgnola.org/academics/early-childhood | 2024-02-22T17:23:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.941987 | 474 | 2.859375 | 3 |
cbm Canada, with collaboration from University of Toronto, is moving ahead with a stunning innovation that attracted the attention of Grand Challenges Canada last year to develop prototype prosthetic limbs in Uganda through 3D printing.
Technology already makes this possible, but what is not yet secure is a business model to drive this innovation forward by making it more widely available to hospitals and clinics in the developing world. This Stronger Together grant will allow cbm Canada to hire experts to contribute to the development of this plan.
Project Name: | 3D Printing of Prosthetics for Children |
Grant Amount: | $100,000.00 |
Purpose of Investment: | To research and propose a business model to manufacture prosthetic sockets made on a 3D printer for some of the world’s poorest children in developing countries. |
Participating Grantmakers: | Acts of Grace Foundation, Bridgeway Foundation, John & Rebecca Horwood, Mitchell Family Foundation |
- By June 2016, deliver a researched business model that will bring cutting edge technology – starting with a prosthetic socket made on a 3D printer – to some of the world’s poorest children in developing countries in the best and most sustainable way.
Read the latest update: | <urn:uuid:eda8bdd0-ef35-4632-afdb-381467a59760> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.strongerphilanthropy.ca/portfolio-item/scaling-up-3d-printed-prosthetic-innovation-2/ | 2024-02-22T16:39:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.911227 | 252 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Everyone experiences moments of anxiety from time to time, with one in every ten people believed to be experiencing varying levels of anxiety-related conditions at any one time. It is natural to feel anxious in certain situations or when faced with a problem. However, when anxiety symptoms become more frequent and start affecting your daily life, it's important to recognise the signs so that you can take steps towards reducing them. This article will help you identify different levels of anxiety, how to recognise the signs early on, and the steps you can take to help reduce your anxiety.
Anxiety is a common mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can have a major impact on your day-to-day life. It is important to understand the signs of anxiety so you can recognise them in yourself or in others, and take steps to reduce the effect anxiety and depression has on your life. Let’s discuss some of the different levels of anxiety and their respective warning signs.
Different Levels of Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety can be experienced in different ways, and the effects are different for everybody. Being able to recognise when your anxiety is increasing empowers you to take steps towards reducing your anxiety levels. The following are some common symptoms associated with anxiety:
Mild Anxiety: Feeling restless or on edge, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping and irritability.
Moderate Anxiety: Increased heart rate, sweating, feeling overwhelmed or out of control.
Severe Anxiety: Panic attacks, fear or dread, physical symptoms such as chest pain or dizziness.
Different Types of Anxiety Disorder
The most commonly experienced anxiety is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This condition is characterised by feeling anxious or worried about everyday activities and events. People with GAD often feel like they are “on edge” all the time, which can usually lead to mild symptoms of difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability and restlessness.
Social Anxiety Disorder affects many people around the world. People with this disorder experience extreme fear or worry in social situations, such as parties or work functions, where they may feel like they are being judged or scrutinised by others. Symptoms include feeling overly self-conscious, having difficulty talking to people, avoiding eye contact and physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling or blushing.
Separation anxiety disorder can be a profoundly challenging experience. Individuals with this condition feel an extreme fear of being separated from people or places that provide security, such as family or home. This fear can be so distracting and overwhelming that it negatively impacts their daily functioning and relationships. For example, someone with a separation anxiety disorder may not be able to attend school or go on a vacation because of their intense dread of being away from home. Along with supportive people in their lives, individuals living with this condition often benefit from professional counselling to help them find effective coping mechanisms for the symptoms of their disorder.
Panic Disorder is a type of anxiety that can cause intense physical symptoms such as rapid heart rate, chest pain and shortness of breath. These episodes are usually accompanied by a fear that something bad will happen if you don't escape the situation quickly. People who suffer from Panic Disorder often dread having another panic attack so much that they start avoiding certain places or situations altogether.
Recognising the Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety Early On
It is important to be aware of anxiety signs and symptoms early on in order to prevent them from getting worse over time. Many seemingly normal situations can trigger anxiety. Some warning signs include increased irritability, restlessness and trouble sleeping, unexplained changes in appetite, avoidance behaviour, frequent worrying, difficulty focusing, racing thoughts, sudden mood swings, feeling overwhelmed or powerless, nausea or upset stomach or feeling excessively tired or fatigued. If you notice any combination of these symptoms persisting for more than two weeks it could be a sign of an underlying anxiety disorder and should be taken seriously.
People with anxiety can often be unaware that they may have an anxiety disorder. It is not uncommon for individuals with anxiety to have a hard time acknowledging their symptoms, or not recognising them even when they are present. If you or someone you know is experiencing physical symptoms of anxiety, feelings of fear, worry, fatigue or restlessness, then it might be worth speaking to a healthcare professional about whether they may have an anxiety disorder. There is no shame in seeking outside help; reaching out to a medical professional is the first step towards taking back control over your mental well-being.
Recognising Mild Anxiety
Recognising the symptoms of mild anxiety can be challenging, however, even mild symptoms can lead to more severe problems if left unaddressed. Common symptoms of mild anxiety include difficulty concentrating, restlessness or feeling on edge, increased body tension, difficulty sleeping, irritability, and uneasy stomach sensations. When these occur regularly or in conjunction with one another it is recommended that a person seek professional guidance from a qualified counsellor or therapist to help manage the symptoms and prevent them from becoming more severe. If you are feeling overwhelmed or completely taken over by your emotions you might consider reaching out to trusted family members and friends for support and advice. Mild anxiety is a normal response to many stressful situations and can usually be self-managed through simple relaxation and breathing techniques. However, if you feel overwhelmed by feelings of mild anxiety, there are treatment options available, you may find it beneficial to talk with a support group or counsellor who can help you reduce the risk of developing an anxiety disorder that is more severe.
Recognising Moderate Anxiety
Moderate anxiety can present itself in a range of different ways, both physical and mental. Common physical signs may include stomach aches or headaches, chest tightness, increased heart rate and sweaty hands. Mental symptoms of moderate feelings of anxiety may come as restlessness or nervousness, trouble concentrating and difficulty sleeping. It is also possible to experience a range of negative emotions such as fearfulness and feeling overwhelmed. If you are feeling any form of these symptoms it is beneficial to reach out to a professional for support in managing your anxiety.
Recognising Severe Anxiety
Recognising the symptoms of severe anxiety is a crucial part of understanding how to manage it. Generally speaking, people may experience intense anxiety, including panic attacks, extreme apprehensions or intense fear, feelings of disconnectedness from reality and intense physical sensations such as nausea or sweating. Additionally, those with severe anxiety will often experience specific phobias or compulsive behaviours that are more pronounced in comparison to milder cases. Knowledge about understanding these signs early can lead to receiving help to both manage and treat serious levels of anxiety over time. With this warning system in place, sufferers can work on controlling their most debilitating reactions before they get out of hand. If you think that you or someone you know may be suffering from severe anxiety, it is important to seek help from a qualified medical professional.
Steps for Reducing Anxiety
Feelings of anxiousness can make it extremely difficult to function in life, yet there are steps you can take to reduce your anxiety. The most important initial step is to identify and challenge negative thinking patterns as they occur. Setting small achievable goals can help create a feeling of accomplishment and direction. Daily exercise and proper nutrition are essential for reducing stress and improving physical health, which in turn can help lower overall levels of anxiety. Taking time out for relaxation downregulates the body's stress responses by releasing feel-good hormones such as endorphins and serotonin. If these strategies prove unsuccessful or it feels like anxiety is affecting your everyday life, it may be beneficial to seek professional help from a mental health care provider. They can provide more tailored treatments framed around individualised needs and specific mental health concerns.
If you have successfully identified the signs of anxiety early on, it’s important to take action in order to prevent your symptoms from escalating further. Here are some steps you can take towards reducing your anxiety levels:
Seek professional help if needed - talking through your concerns with a therapist can really help manage excess worry and stress levels.
Try relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation - these techniques can help bring down your heart rate and relax tense muscles which will make it easier for you to think clearly again.
Exercise regularly - exercise releases endorphins which help boost moods naturally without any additional effort on your part.
Make sure you get enough sleep - lack of sleep increases stress hormones which can lead to heightened anxiety levels.
Getting Help with Managing your Anxiety
Anxiety affects everyone differently and recognising the signs early on can empower you to take action before things get worse over time. From recognising different levels of intensity in your own individual experiences with anxiety all the way through taking actionable steps towards reducing your symptoms. With proper diagnosis and treatment, anxiety can be something that you take control over.
When it comes to managing your anxiety, you don't have to do it alone. Talens Health Support Services provides online counselling with qualified counsellors who have extensive experience in helping those living with anxiety. Through our secure video conferencing software and experienced team, you can get the help and support that you need in an affordable way and in the comfort of your own home. Our online sessions make reaching out for much-needed support easier than ever before, making help accessible to you exactly when you need it. Suffering from anxiety is often an isolating feeling - but know that you don’t have to go through this alone.
Disclaimer: At Talens Health Support Services, we strive to provide knowledge and support related to mental health support. However, it's important to understand that this article is not intended as medical advice or mental health treatment. Anxiety has many causes and can be the symptom of another underlying condition, so it's important to speak with a qualified medical professional about any concerns you may have. The information here should not replace any medical advice you receive from your doctor or therapist and should only be used in conjunction with professional guidance. | <urn:uuid:0264a419-6d52-4318-b1a2-fd5509081979> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.talenshealth.co.uk/post/anxiety-disorder-a-guide-to-recognising-the-signs-and-symptoms | 2024-02-22T17:51:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.953656 | 2,023 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Hotelier André Balazs, in partnership with the Design Museum and Tate Modern, brings a house designed by architectural visionary Jean Prouvé to Britain for the first time.
The prototype house, designed by the French architect Jean Prouvé (1901–84), for 1950s colonial West Africa, is erected outside Tate Modern. Maison Tropicale for Design Museum at Tate Modern is an extension of the Design Museum’s exhibition Jean Prouvé – The Poetics of the Technical Object and the house demonstrates the full scale and vision of Prouvé’s economy of design.
Visitors are be able to walk around this ‘flat pack’ house which was originally erected in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, in 1951. In 2000 the house was found in Brazzaville, in a dilapidated state and riddled with bullet holes. The house was dismantled, returned to France and restored.
Jean Prouvé designed and manufactured three prototype Maisons Tropicales for West Africa between 1949 and 1951. The Brazzaville house is made from folded sheet steel and aluminium. For ease of transport all the parts were flat, lightweight and could be neatly packed into a cargo plane.
The Maisons Tropicales were designed to address the shortage of housing and civic buildings in France’s African colonies. Prouvé aimed to design for the demands of the climate and included a veranda with an adjustable aluminium sun-screen. The inner walls are made of fixed and sliding metal panels with blue glass portholes to protect against UV rays. A double roof structure was designed to produce natural ventilation.
Although designed for mass production, the prototype proved no less expensive than locally built buildings and with their industrial aesthetic did not appeal to the conservative expatriate French bureaucrats. So the house exists as a unique expression of a radical architectural vision. | <urn:uuid:078bc873-598e-4732-89d5-0fc63b4a3b7d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/maison-tropicale-design-museum-tate-modern | 2024-02-22T17:52:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.957494 | 389 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Computer systems are utilized to work well facts among a number of destinations because the 1950s. The particular ought. Ohydrates Military’s SAGE technique was the very first large-scale illustration regarding this kind of technique that triggered many special-purpose professional techniques including Saber.
From the 1970s, computer system designers on study companies all through America started to hyperlink their own desktops in concert using telecommunications technologies. The time and effort was financed simply by ARPA (now DARPA), and also the computer system Network that come was known as the particular ARPANET. The particular technological know-how that produced the particular Arpanet probable spread in addition to evolved.
In time, the particular Network spread past educational in addition to army companies in addition to started to be called the particular Internet. The particular introduction regarding Networking engaged some sort of redefinition on the Mother Nature in addition to boundaries on the computer system. Computer systems in addition to apps have been altered to feature to be able to establish in addition to access the particular resources regarding other desktops for the Network, including peripheral equipment, stashed facts, and so on, seeing that extension cords on the resources of your person computer system. To begin with these facilities have been obtainable primarily to men and women getting work done in high-tech situations, but in the particular 1990s the particular spread regarding apps like e-mail in addition to the world wide web, with the progress regarding affordable, quick Networking technological know-how like Ethernet in addition to ADSL found computer system Networking become practically huge. In fact, the quantity of desktops which can be networked keeps growing phenomenally. An extremely big amount regarding computers regularly hook up with the particular Internet to connect in addition to receive facts. “Wireless” Networking, often using cellular phone Networks, features designed Networking is now progressively huge even within traveling with a laptop situations.
Many desktops are made to distribute their own do the job around various CPUs in the multiprocessing settings, a method after employed merely within big in addition to potent models including supercomputers, mainframe desktops in addition to hosting space. Multiprocessor in addition to multi-core (multiple CPUs using one integrated circuit) personalized in addition to notebook computers are acquirable, and so are currently being progressively employed in lower-end areas as a result.
Supercomputers in particular usually have very special architectures that differ substantially in the standard stored-program architectural mastery in addition to from standard function desktops. Sometimes they attribute a large number of CPUs; tailored high-speed interconnects, in addition to specialized processing equipment. This sort of models usually are valuable limited to specialized tasks as a result of big size regarding software organization required to effectively employ almost all of the obtainable resources at a time. Supercomputers normally discover use within large-scale simulation, images render, in addition to cryptography apps, together with other so-called “embarrassingly parallel” tasks. | <urn:uuid:3162a086-e4f9-4bf9-8045-b2d018a73c2c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.techwacky.com/2012/06/13/the-best-knowledge-about-computer-networking-and-internet/ | 2024-02-22T16:42:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.957874 | 613 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Wikimedia, Gordana Adamovic-MladenovicThe neuroscience of unconsciousness just became a little clearer. Recording brainwaves via electrodes embedded in the brains of human patients at the precise moment that a common, general anesthetic knocked them unconscious, researchers found that neuron activity switched from rapid, cross-brain chatter to slow, uncoordinated waves of firing.
The study, published today (November 5) in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, supports a link between consciousness and coordinated communication in the brain, said Mélanie Boly of the Belgian National Fund of Scientific Research, who was not involved in the study. “When you really look at the fine-grain dynamics of the [neural] networks, you can see that the slow oscillation”—which appears at the moment consciousness is lost—“is disrupting brain connectivity,” she said, and those oscillations could one day be used in the clinic to monitor the unconsciousness of patients under anesthetics.
In the study, a team...
As the patients prepared for surgery to have the electrodes removed, the team monitored the brain activity detected by the electrodes as the patients were put under using a common general anesthetic, called propofol. At the same time, the researchers had the patients listen through headphones to a series of words, like chair and telephone. The recordings also played the patients’ own names every few seconds. When the patients heard their names, they pushed a button, signaling that they were still awake and allowing the researchers to pinpoint when the patients lost consciousness.
“We know there’s a lot of differences between an awake and an unconscious brain, but we were wondering which change was the important one,” said lead author Laura Lewis, a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “The slow oscillation was coming on immediately with the loss of consciousness, and it meant that the neurons were starting to fire at a very different pattern: they would fire normally for a few hundred milliseconds, but then they would become completely silent for several more milliseconds.” Usually, she added, neurons fire so quickly that no patterns are distinguishable.
The results also indicated that nearby neurons fired simultaneously in these slow wave patterns, while neurons in disparate regions of the brain fired at different times.
“We observed that slow oscillations at different areas of the brain were sort of out of synch with one another,” said neuroscientist and senior author on the study Patrick Purdon, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “When one area of the brain has neuronal firing, the other one is basically being silenced,” he explained. “[This] implies that the brain as a whole can’t have long-range communication, and that is a state that would basically make consciousness highly unlikely, if not impossible.”
Indeed, conscious experiences—including sensory, visual, and auditory information—are processed as a unified whole, despite the involvement of several different brain areas, said neuroscientist and anesthesiologist George Mashour of the University of Michigan Medical School. “We know that primary sensory processing is relatively unperturbed by anesthetics, which tells us that information is getting to the brain but we’re not experiencing it,” he said. “The current study helps explain why this might be the case and the conditions that might prevent the large scale integration of information in the brain.”
Neuroscientist Giulio Tononi, of the University of Wisconsin, agrees, but he cautions that their experiment only used one anesthetic and in one condition. “To me, this [study] suggests a mechanism by which propofol can block inter-cortical communication.” In fact, rat studies using different anesthetics have also found slow oscillation, but found that some longer-range brain communication is still possible during unconsciousness, noted neuroscientist Nanyin Zhang, of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, who was not involved in the study.
That said, “the slow oscillation correlated well with the loss of consciousness,” Zhang said, suggesting the pattern could be used as a marker of unconsciousness induced by propofol.
L. Lewis et al., “Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210907109, 2012. | <urn:uuid:9ce9ba27-9de6-4955-a8c1-ce2a10084532> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.the-scientist.com/the-brain-on-anesthetics-40236 | 2024-02-22T18:41:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.9612 | 928 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Musgrave Harbour, NL, incorporated as a town in 1954, population 1053 (2011c), 1085 (2006c). First incorporated as the Rural District Council of Musgrave Harbour and Doting Cove, the Town of Musgrave Harbour is located on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland at the mouth of Hamilton Sound, 100 km east of Gander. First known as Muddy Hole, the name of the shallow cove on which the community is situated, its name was changed in 1866 in honour of Sir Anthony Musgrave, the reigning governor of Newfoundland. Musgrave Harbour was primarily a fishing community with the in-shore fishery being the mainstay due to the lack of a good harbour for use by bigger boats.
Attempts to improve the harbour in 1906 were dashed when the newly constructed breakwater was destroyed in 1907. Logging and agriculture were also important economic activities for its inhabitants. The road reached Musgrave Harbour in 1958. Attractions include several historic buildings in the town; the many offshore islands, from which one may view icebergs, whales and sea birds; and sport fishing for salmon and trout in the nearby rivers. | <urn:uuid:e69d239c-8f2b-44c3-a72e-cdae125a29bf> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/musgrave-harbour | 2024-02-22T17:03:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.982825 | 227 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Forestiere Underground Gardens
Backstory and Context
A Sicilian immigrant, Baldasare Forestiere arrived in Fresno and purchased 80 acres of land which he hoped to use for farming. He soon found that the land was not arable because of several inches of hardpan beneath the topsoil, with a layer of clay beneath that.
As a child, Forestiere was fascinated by ancient Roman catacombs, and after his arrival in the United States he supported himself by digging some of Boston’s first subway tunnels. Realizing that the land he purchased would never be good farmland, he decided to dig underground rooms where plants could be cultivated in large planters. Forestiere’s subterranean rooms would also provide an escape from the heat aboveground.
Forestiere’s design—which he implemented without blueprints—is a clever one. His underground landscape includes naturally lit rooms and courtyards. At one point, there was even an elevated, glass-bottomed aquarium, under which Forestiere could sit and observe the marine life. He did all of this with simple hand tools and two mules; no modern excavation machinery was used.
Forestiere filled his underground world with a variety of fruit trees and wine grapes, some of which were hybrids created by Forestiere.
Forestiere worked on the underground garden until his death in 1946. Since that time, the gardens have been open to the public. The site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. | <urn:uuid:1f2c281a-7e96-400f-b6a9-3df3e0ee7b84> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.theclio.com/entry/45473 | 2024-02-22T18:13:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.970086 | 302 | 3.125 | 3 |
Location: Puyallup, Washington
Years Active: 1900 – Active
The Washington State Fair, nestled in the picturesque city of Puyallup, Washington, stands as a beacon of excitement and entertainment in the Pacific Northwest. Located just south of Seattle, this annual extravaganza has been a beloved tradition for generations, drawing crowds from near and far to partake in its diverse array of attractions. Established in 1900, the fairgrounds have since evolved into a sprawling showcase of the region’s agricultural heritage and cultural diversity.
This grand celebration typically opens its gates in early September, marking the transition from summer to autumn with an explosion of color, sound, and flavor. Each year, the fair adopts a captivating theme that permeates every facet of the event, captivating the imagination of attendees. From thrilling carnival rides and indulgent culinary delights to a vibrant marketplace and live entertainment, there is something to delight visitors of all ages. The Washington State Fair is also renowned for its eclectic mix of festivals, featuring everything from concerts and rodeos to craft beer tastings and agricultural competitions.
What is Washington State Fair known for?
The Washington State Fair, often referred to as the “Puyallup Fair,” is renowned for its long-standing tradition of showcasing agricultural excellence, entertainment, and cultural diversity. It is one of the largest state fairs in the United States and is particularly celebrated for its impressive livestock exhibitions, thrilling rides, live musical performances featuring renowned artists, and a wide array of food vendors offering unique and delectable treats. The fair also serves as an important platform for promoting Washington’s agricultural products, arts, and crafts, making it a significant cultural and economic event in the region.
How old is Washington State Fair?
The Washington State Fair, originally known as the Western Washington Fair, has a rich history dating back to its inception in 1900. As of the most recent information available, it is over a century old, making it more than 120 years since its establishment. Over the years, it has evolved and expanded into a major annual event that continues to attract millions of visitors, preserving its status as a time-honored tradition in Washington State. | <urn:uuid:657eda6f-514d-4bc1-93ec-918167368a43> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.themeparkbrochures.net/washington-state-fair-map-and-brochure/ | 2024-02-22T18:49:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.952311 | 453 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Wash your hands with soap and stay healthy
What you need to know and do
Our hands constantly touch dirt as we work or interact with other people. You and your family members need to wash hands with soap frequently to prevent diseases such as diarrhea.
The flyer has information on when you and your family members need to wash their hands with water and soap to stay healthy. | <urn:uuid:86af2db0-ee04-4020-babc-686f12dde879> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.unicef.org/uganda/reports/wash-your-hands-soap-and-stay-healthy | 2024-02-22T19:10:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.985727 | 76 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Nursing is an art as well as a science. Nurses have an instinctual way of knowing their patients’ status. Currently, healthcare providers are discovering a distinct smell associated with the sputum and stool of patients with the novel coronavirus disease. Some people even claimed to know that they were infected solely based upon the smell of their stool. This is not something that should be immediately ruled out.
Anyone with experience working in a medical facility, myself included, can tell you that certain bacteria and viruses have very distinctive smells. I remember walking onto a unit and instantly knowing that we had a case, if not more, of Clostridium Difficile (CDI) based on the sickly odor that hit me in the face when I opened the door. These scents are so strong that they simply cannot be ignored and tend to leave a lasting impression!
Some medical professionals, and patients alike, have been finding similarities in their experiences with patients suffering from COVID-19.
“The mask has a smell, so it tends to block stuff out. I did notice that patients complain of a bitter metallic taste in their mouths. And that was my experience when I had it,” a resident doctor in Montreal described their experience with COVID-19.
“I think people should look for that too,” they added.
Several nurses on messaging boards expressed the awful taste that they experienced when infected with the exact same description.
“So I don't remember smelling anything on the ward but I got COVID and I remember the loss of sense of smell hit about 7 days in. What tipped me off was I found myself wanting to add salt to Campbell's soup. Things tasted metallic and strange, really hard to describe. I have a pumpkin spice candle that I could feel the spices in my nose but couldn't smell it at all,” recounts Dr. Laura Sang, local family health resident.
“What's challenging, at least in my case, is that I got the symptoms in a random order. The loss of smell was in the middle and would gradually improve over the day, and then by morning was gone again - this went on for 2 weeks,” she recalls. Reports of strong, nausea-inducing chalky, moldy, musty, grainy smells are circulating on nursing message boards as well. Medical providers who have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease themselves report experiencing loss of taste and smell - yet can still sense a moldy scent in some cases. What if nurses’ noses are the tools that we’ve been looking for the entire time? Maybe not exactly their noses, but considering taste and scent as another means of diagnostic criteria could open the door to a new realm of discoveries.
In 2012, 18 Nurses participated in a study published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. “It is a common ‘urban legend’ among nursing staff that they can identify patients with CDI by the odor of their stool alone. Based on studies that used gas chromatography, this is biologically plausible—in 2004, Probert et al demonstrated the presence of unique volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in stool from patients with CDI . Similarly, Garner et al demonstrated in 2007 that derived discriminant scores from VOC data had 100% predictive accuracy in distinguishing stool from patients who were asymptomatic, had ulcerative colitis, had Campylobacter jejuni infection, or had CDI .”
We all know that nurses are real-life superheroes, but do they have a sixth sense? Nursing is a career that changes you as a person. The more experience that one has, the more they start to notice patterns that will eventually be recognized sub-consciously by the supercomputers in our skulls. We may not even sense that the change is happening. It’s gradual, but we adapt to our surroundings and what we’re subject to most often. These days, the majority of working nurses are exposed to people infected with SARS-CoV-2 daily on the frontlines.
Many nurses, myself included when I rounded in hospice facilities, have had the experience of an innate knowing when a patient is near death. Some say it’s a smell, others a feeling. For me, it was both. This is something that’s developed over time.
It’ll be interesting to see what else medical professionals will begin to naturally pick up on as more time passes where we’re faced with coronavirus. It’s only natural that healthcare professionals evolve to better meet the needs of their patients and become more efficient in treating them.
What if these frontline workers have picked up on another way to discover if someone who is otherwise asymptomatic could be a carrier for this volatile virus? While taste and smell alone are not diagnostic factors, it may lead to a reduction in the spread of this pandemic. Imagine if someone were to recognize said taste or smell and decided to stay home and get a COVID-19 test rather than taking that extra shift at the long-term care facility.
Seasoned medical professionals are some of the most innovative people around. They’re used to working with limited supplies, support staff, and time as well as overflowing beds and unsafe staffing ratios. It would come as no surprise to me if these selfless souls were onto something noteworthy here. Could this be the breakthrough we’ve been waiting for? Stay tuned for the next article discussing how we can put this theory to work!
This article is purely speculative based on discussions between nurses and healthcare providers. It should not be used as a factor for diagnosing COVID-19. This article is not intended as advice or to replace the information and instructions provided by a licensed healthcare provider. This piece aims to get people thinking and to start a dialogue.
Sources: Oxford University Press. | <urn:uuid:22568835-7098-4a5b-bf0f-22c2c2f368e4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.westislandtoday.com/post/the-scent-of-covid-can-a-nurse-s-nose-know | 2024-02-22T18:19:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.974175 | 1,222 | 3.109375 | 3 |
PICTURED: Aerial view of the landscape around Halimun Salak National Park in West Java, Indonesia. Swidden farming dominates in this region, but the practice of agroforestry is catching on. PC: Kate Evans CIFOR.
A new and inventive look at modern food systems in developing nations can be found lately on the USAID and UK Foreign/Development Office-backed Center for International Forestry Research. The report links food, nutrition, and environment in Indonesia, and queries why in one of the most diverse countries for biomes and traditional cultures, are people consuming so much rice, sugar, noodles, and other empty carbs?
The problem is not limited to Indonesia, and a summary by Alpha Food Labs, who specialize in bringing packaged food products of extensive biodiversity to markets in the U.S., reveals that 75% of all food made and eaten by humans are represented by 12 plants, and 5 animals.
In the report, the authors note well-researched biodiversity concepts like the greater number of species a population consumes, the generally-better-protected they are from negative health outcomes, such as micronutrient deficiencies or child stunting. 46% of Indonesian children, they note, fail to attain adequate diversity in their diet, according to government statistics, while the UN Food and Agriculture Organization tracks obesity rates on the rise towards 35% of the population with accompanied rates of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, et al.
The story is well-understood in western society, not only in ourselves, but among the First Nations. As soon as a population begins consumption of refined grains, grown in mono-cropped fields, accompanied with less physical activity and sugary foods and drinks, their health declines.
In stark contrast to this is the biodiversity of the country and its diets. With more than 16,000 islands, as dry as Komodo and as wet as Borneo, Indonesia contains a startling variety of species and biomes. 300 different cultivars of bananas, and another 208 varieties of mango, highlight this. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry records that community diets across the nation contain 100 types of carbohydrate and another 100 legumes, 250 species of vegetable and double that number of fruits.
The oceans around the islands contribute 80% of the nation’s fish for consumption. In contrast the U.S. imports 90% of the fish it consumes. Indonesian waters create fish richer in calcium, zinc, and iron, than fish found elsewhere. Even rice, the crop that now threatens to wipe out traditional food supplies, used to number in the eight-thousands in terms of varieties. There are now just 6 grown at scale, with only 2 of those being local species.
“We argue that policies supporting the re-localization of food systems in Indonesia merit particular attention, as such policies would encourage local people to regain power over their food systems at regional, provincial, regency and even community level,” write the authors.
If this were pursued, despite the government’s strong commitment to rice production, there would not need to be a discussion of the environmental impacts of agriculture, as many of these local agronomic systems rely on an intact tropical rainforest.
The authors note that bananas, pineapple, mango and mangosteen, illipe nut, sago—a kind of pulp made from palm hearts that has a lower glycemic index score than rice, and nypa palm fruit, all grow in even the wildest and most natural forests, and are often tied in with local community knowledge and cooking tradition.
All of these foods are far more nutrient dense than rice or sugary sweets.
Growing native food in native forests would preserve biodiversity, create more potentially-livable conditions for endangered wildlife, avoid contaminating areas with invasive species, or ones less-tolerant of Indonesian conditions. | <urn:uuid:72d8b83f-8ec7-4670-9b8a-cb4633e09032> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.worldatlarge.news/2021/07/15/indonesian-agroforestry-and-biodiversity-vs-rice/ | 2024-02-22T18:49:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.937015 | 791 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Children Braces: Things You Need To Know
Children are getting braces at a young age due to various kinds of oral health issues such as crooked teeth. Sometimes, when a child’s teeth are too small to fit in their jaw bone that may create wider space between the teeth. When these teeth gaps are too wide leading to gum various kinds of gum issues. It becomes a concerning problem for children, therefore visit a fun kids dentist to diagnose the severity and cause of the oral issue to determine the suitable treatment option.
Being parents, you won’t be sure whether your child needs braces or not. Therefore, you should visit a pediatric dentist and orthodontist near me to clear your doubts regarding this. Most children use braces as their parents are aware of the importance of oral health. When kids get their permanent teeth, they may not get straight teeth. Since they are children and are still growing, the correction of smiles can be done easily. Visit an orthodontist in Miami shores to diagnose the issue and get the treatment.
What Problems Do Braces Fix?
Braces are used to fix a variety of oral problems that may include; Teeth alignment.
Severe bite issues like overbite, underbite, or crossbite. Actually, your bite totally depends on the fitting of both jaws’ teeth when you are biting. When the teeth don’t fit together properly, your children may suffer from speech, eating, and jaw function. Such oral issues are handled efficiently using braces as they can correct these underlying bite issues efficiently. Therefore, it is a misconception that braces are designed specifically for straightening teeth.
When Should Your Child Get Braces?
You might be wondering when is the best time to get braces for your child. Unfortunately, the answer to this question may be a little complicated since it can change drastically between each individual. Surprisingly, there is no age limit to getting braces. It used to be very common among teenagers that had braces. Now, it’s common to see adults, teenagers, and children alike have braces.
Apart from thinking about what age your child should get braces, consider the underlying reasons why someone would need them. Keep an eye on your child’s teeth growing and shifting so that the issues can be identified in time and you can get them resolved perfectly before they cause any further serious issues.
- Difficulty with biting or chewing food
- Teeth that don’t meet properly or don’t meet at all
- Constant cheek biting
- Crowded teeth
- Irregular baby teeth loss
These indications show that there is something unusual happening in your child’s mouth and maybe your child needs braces to fix them. Pay a visit to Miami fl orthodontists, if you want the best treatment for your children.
How Long Will My Child Wear Braces?
The average length of orthodontic treatment by a pediatric orthodontist in Miami like braces can range from 18 months to two years. The length of the treatment may differ depending on the age group of the child and what treatment plan the orthodontist puts in place.
What’s the Cost?
Earlier people had to think a lot about having braces as they were simply very expensive and they had to think a lot before getting them.
Since then, braces’ costs have become much more manageable for people. The actual price you pay can vary depending on the orthodontist you choose and your location, but most people pay between $3,000 and $6,000 for two years’ worth of braces. | <urn:uuid:77109626-2a7f-487f-aa50-3f8171cccce4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.worldofarticles.com/children-braces-things-you-need-to-know/ | 2024-02-22T17:47:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.955794 | 738 | 2.53125 | 3 |
What are Infrared Sensor Faucets?
Infrared sensor faucets, also known as touchless faucets or electronic faucets, are plumbing fixtures that use an infrared sensor to detect the presence of a user's hands or objects and activate the water flow. They are commonly found in public restrooms and commercial kitchens as they offer a hygienic and convenient solution for hand washing.
The infrared sensor is typically located at the base of the faucet and emits a beam of infrared light. When an object, such as a hand, enters the sensor's range, the beam is reflected back to the sensor, triggering the valve to open and allow water to flow. Once the object is removed from the sensor's range, the valve closes, stopping the flow of water.
Infrared sensor faucets can be powered by batteries or an electrical outlet, and they usually feature adjustable settings for water temperature and flow rate. They are also designed to conserve water by shutting off automatically when not in use, which can result in significant water and energy savings over time.
How to use Infrared Sensor Faucets?
Infrared sensor faucets are designed to automatically detect the presence of a person's hands or an object beneath the spout, triggering the water flow without requiring any physical contact. Here are the steps to use an infrared sensor faucet:Approach the sink and position your hands or the object you want to wash underneath the spout of the infrared sensor faucet.
The infrared sensor will detect the presence of your hands or the object and automatically turn on the water flow.Adjust the temperature and flow rate of the water as desired. Some faucets have manual controls on the side that can be used to adjust the water temperature and flow rate.When you are done washing your hands or the object, remove them from underneath the spout of the faucet.
The infrared sensor will detect that there is no longer anything underneath the spout and automatically turn off the water flow.Note that the specific instructions for using an infrared sensor faucet may vary depending on the manufacturer and model of the faucet. It is always a good idea to read the user manual or consult the manufacturer's website for detailed instructions on how to use a particular infrared sensor faucet. | <urn:uuid:e3ca8e40-6c67-4842-bebe-7ce9bb3d1948> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.yaxing-sanitary.com/product/sensor-faucet/ | 2024-02-22T16:49:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.931005 | 470 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Anne Frank once wrote, "No one has ever become poor by giving." Not only was she correct, but the data reveals that people that give get richer. Studies have shown time and time again that when people give money often, they tend to experience financial growth and abundance. It may seem hard to believe, it may even seem counterintuitive. How can giving money away get you more money?
Psychologist from the University of Oregon found that charity stimulates parts of the brain which are associated with meeting basic needs like food and shelter, suggesting that our brains know that giving is good for us. Not only that, in the 1980’s a study looked at how people’s brains reacted to the endorphins their brains released when being charitable. The psychologist showed that when people volunteer or help others, the giver got what they called, “the helper’s high.” In other words, charitable acts can give you a mild sense of euphoria and happy people are more productive. Productive people, generally, are more successful, which translates into more earning power.
That’s all good and well, but how does that make you richer? One way is when others see an individual behaving in a charitable way, they elevate those people in their minds to positions of leadership. A study from University of Kent showed that 82% of the leaders elected from the experiment group were the biggest givers. In real life this translates to those that are charitable are often more likely to receive promotions because they have already been viewed as worthy leaders.
Our nation is a generous nation. In 2022 Americans gave $499.33 billion to charity, and the largest source of giving (64% of that total) came from regular people like you and me. The amazing multiplicity of charity can be seen at a national level. Giving effects our countries GDP! What’s remarkable is U.S. government data show that GDP per person in American has risen about 150% over the last 50 years, but the donated dollar amount per person has risen by about 190%. Donating, then, may not be just an act of charity, but also one of patriotism.
Whether neurochemistry or something greater, years of studies and experiments, myriad analysts’ data, and the day-to-day evidence we see with our own eyes proves: when we give we prosper. Many successful people in the world attribute their success to investing their time and money in the people around them.
"We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give."- Winston Churchill
Photo by Markus Winkler | <urn:uuid:42146d8d-dfca-4b54-b8ed-80e2736fd969> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.yieldfa.com/post/give-a-little-get-a-lot | 2024-02-22T17:50:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.972621 | 534 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Chiropractic is an alternative form of medicine. It aligns your nervous system with your spinal cord. Chiropractors use their hands for spinal manipulation. And do not take any assistance from any surgical instruments or conventional medicines. You have to spend at least eight years in studying this therapy and to obtain license for practicing. And most of the organization will compensate you for your chiropractic treatment.
If you are looking for an alternative medical therapy which is different from traditional and conventional treatment, you can go for chiropractic therapy. It is existing for last 100 years or so. It has got its name from the Greek words cheir and praxis. These words mean hand and action, or done by hand. These days it…show more content… And do not take any assistance from any surgical instruments or conventional medicines. They basically adjust your nervous system with your musculoskeletal system and improve the condition of surrounding soft tissue structure. However, licensed chiropractors use various different methods to treat your ailments. These methods are divided as per today's chiropractic approach. They are named as Straight, Objective Straight, Mixer, Reform and Traditional. These approaches do not use any invasive, surgical way and follow strict standard of precise adjustment of your musculoskeletal system. These days it is very popular globally and you can found a chiropractor in your neighborhood if you are living in USA or…show more content… Before you start as a chiropractor, you need to study for four years of Chiropractic or Medical Program in college. And it will follow another four years of study as a resident fellow in one of the 17 accredited college of Chiropractic across the United States. Only after completing this rigorous study, you can obtain a license to start your practice. Chiropractors yet don't have any association like other medical practitioners. They are regulated individually by the US | <urn:uuid:7a9a7757-0168-4dbe-8a89-6328c917ad0c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www2.bartleby.com/essay/Informative-Essay-On-Chiropractic-Therapy-415C2223BF6E4D94 | 2024-02-22T17:09:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.942202 | 388 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was speculation on social media and mainstream medical sites that people with high blood pressure should stop taking drugs such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. (ARBs). Based on a theory that SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, uses the angiotensin enzyme to enter cells. Theoretically, people on these drugs more susceptible and more likely to become severely ill. Like any theory, “the proof is in the pudding” and when scientists examined people on these medications, they found that theory did not hold. Given that these medications have been proven; to improve and indeed prolong life, the consensus is DO NOT STOP these medications. Common drugs of these classes include, but not limited to:
The question is, what do we know about the relationship between high blood pressure (hypertension) and Covid-19? Studies from early ‘hot spots’ such as Wuhan and New York pointed to a higher hypertension rate among severely ill, hospitalized patients. Larger studies in the U.S. showed similar findings. The problem is since we know that the risk of severe disease is linked to age, and the prevalence of hypertension also increases as we get older, does high blood pressure put us at higher risk or is it simply a coincidence? For now, the answer is unclear. One certain thing, we can and should take precautions to limit the transmission of the virus. Physical distancing and enhanced sanitizing, and a properly fitted mask can help us to reduce our risks. | <urn:uuid:1afb8b21-8655-41d5-a5e8-a035c31d4155> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://yurekpharmacy.com/there-covid-19-hypertension-connection-steve-bond/ | 2024-02-22T17:03:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.956444 | 342 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Stroke can have many causes. An atherothrombotic stroke is caused by a clot that forms from plaques that build up within blood vessels in the brain. A new study suggests that people who have this type of stroke who also have higher levels of triglycerides, a type of fat, in their blood may have a higher risk of having another stroke or other cardiovascular problems one year later, compared to people who had a stroke but have lower triglyceride levels. The research is published in the March 16, 2022, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study found an association even when people were taking statin drugs meant to lower triglycerides and protect against heart attack and stroke. | <urn:uuid:2919f99f-c564-42a5-a771-e923ee9a0509> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://zonamedica.expedientevirtual.com/even-with-statins-high-triglycerides-may-increase-risk-of-second-stroke/ | 2024-02-22T16:25:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.97629 | 150 | 2.859375 | 3 |
NSI-189 is an investigational drug currently undergoing clinical trials to treat depression. Read articles such as “A Better Pill to Swallow” and “The Pill That Could Cure Depression by Growing Your Brain” to see this is not just another drug to treat depression but an entirely new beast altogether. NeuralStem, the company sponsoring research for NSI-189, is hoping that this molecule can not only treat depression, but conditions ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to traumatic brain injury as well as reversing the natural aging process.
During preclinical research involving animals, it was found that NSI-189 can grow the hippocampus by up to 20%. Even the rats that were not stressed grew larger hippocampi. This begs the question, “If the hippocampus is related to memory and cognitive function, and NSI-189 can increase hippocampal size, can it also increase intelligence?”
There are some other issues specifically regarding attention and learning that I would like to bring up. Dr. Barkley has said that children with SCT have difficulties with selective attention and are possibly more likely to have math disorders. Indeed, I struggled with math since early childhood and wonder if there is a solution to math difficulties. Interestingly enough, math ability has been liked to hippocampal size.
A Stanford study found that the size of the hippocampus predicted math learning ability in children. A popular science article worded it best:
“When it comes to math, MRIs may be better than IQs — and even past math scores — at showing whether a tutor can help a child master everything from trapezoids to trigonometry. A new study from the Stanford University School of Medicine says that the size and circuitry of certain parts of children’s brains are excellent predictors of how well they’ll respond to intensive math tutoring.
The researchers’ most surprising finding was that children’s IQ and math scores had no effect on tutoring outcomes, yet brain scan images “predicted how much a child would learn,” said Vinod Menon, a Stanford professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences who was the study’s senior author.”
I find this so fascinating because it is one scientific validation of what I had an intuitive hunch about all along – that some people who excel at math do so because of some innate architecture in the brain and not necessarily because of extraordinary amounts of effort. I know this because of careful observance of people I know such as my brother who are good at math and seem to do so naturally and effortlessly but are actually quite lazy otherwise– but I digress.
This makes me wonder, “Can taking NSI-189 increase math abilities?” It is a curious question, but it may be a while, possibly decades or more, before such issues can be studied. The above study found that it wasn’t just size of the hippocampus, but the hippocampus’ connections to other brain regions that predicted math abilities.
There are other numerous studies linking hippocampal size to various other human abilities such as “Hippocampal size positively correlates with verbal IQ in male children”, “Hippocampal size predicts rapid learning of a cognitive map in humans” and “Size does matter: Hippocampal and cortical volume predict recall across weeks.” Again, these are all correlations and a causal link between hippocampal size and function has yet to be determined.
In late 2013, Richard Garr CEO of NeuralStem, predicted that it would take at least five years before NSI-189 would make it to market for general availability. That’s right, NSI-189 is a drug that will come out closer to the year 2020 than not. But if there is a will, there’s a way and all it takes is a small group of determined people to find a workaround to get what they want – and that is exactly what happened with NSI-189. (See the enormous 99+ page NSI-189 Longecity thread.)
“After all, who doesn’t want to grow their HIPPOCAMPUS?!” writes Longecity member ScienceGuy who is a respected member of online community known for his in-depth discussions and previous experience with custom synthesized research chemicals.
Headed by ScienceGuy’s expertise, a group of about 40 – 50 people scattered all over the globe from Australia to China to Canada participated in a group buy to obtain a small sample of NSI-189 for personal research purposes. Usually, purchasing large custom quantities of research chemicals is an act reserved for businesses and may cost upwards of $10,000 or more per batch. However it is possible, as is the case with Longecity group buys as they are called, for an organized team to split the costs making it affordable for individuals to purchase research chemicals.
I know what you are thinking. For outsiders reading in on “group buys,” it may seem insanely preposterous for individuals to purchase and then ingest mysterious research chemicals that may have little to no toxicology reports on humans and then put it all under the guise of “research.” Essentially, such people are self-appointed guinea pigs as one member put it.
There are different angles of approaching this issue though. For one, if a person is autonomous, he or she is able to make informed decisions after an analysis of the information at hand. This analysis includes reviewing what information is available and doing a mental checks and balances to see whether the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived risks.
While some may have strong prejudgments, some people really do not have a choice. When I say “really do not have a choice,” what I mean is that some people’s difficult circumstances make it so that by not acting on an opportunity, they may be making their situation worse.
Xenix, one member who was part of the NSI-189 group buy, discusses his low quality of life:
“I had a brilliant future ahead of me — all ripped apart from chronic carbon monoxide poisoning; everywhere I look about getting treatment from my situation I hear and read the words “irreversible brain damage” again and again. This substance is the ONLY thing in the whole world that MAY provide me some hope with dealing with the endless headaches, NO short-term memory, infinite fatigue, nausea and all the other loveliness I experience every waking moment caused my HIPPOCAMPAL ATROPHY and anoxia from CO poisoning. My plan B is suicide, what is yours?”
A dire tragedy is someone in the United States commits suicide every 30 minutes so if some “mysterious” powder such as NSI-189 or another research chemical can reverse these tragedies –even if it’s all speculation – then it’s obvious, at least to me, whether such gray-area lengths are justified.
Aside from the nootropics community who obviously are a small unique online niche with their own biases, another more mainstream group of people who knew about the NSI-189 Longecity trials were business investors discussing Neuralstem’s stock as the company is publicly traded as CUR.
So as such the regular mainstream business folks are skeptical and are scratching their heads. On the Yahoo Finance forums, one user named omeg4 asks, “So who’s running this lab… Walter White?” Other users say downright “scam.”
Here’s what user imamisanthrope has to say:
“The Longecity “trial” has no control, no defined endpoints, and no credibility. It’s nothing more than a group of idiots taking an unapproved drug and posting anecdotal evidence. You shouldn’t pay attention to it one way or the other.”
Another user alex1444:
“I realize that a bunch of people taking “bootleg NSI-189” in an uncontrolled “trial” is nearly worthless from a scientific perspective. However, it is mildly interesting that many of those posting on the Longecity website seem to love whatever it is they have taken. This might or might not bode well for CUR as the owner of NSI-189, but if future trials of the real deal are anywhere close to what the Longecity people have claimed, I think we are looking at a multi-billion dollar drug.”
What may not be immediately apparent was that unlike purchasing substances from “cheap Viagra” websites where you could be taking “who knows what” this was a joint non-profit community effort to receive a genuine, high quality product. Every step of the process, from logistics to synthesis stages, was made completely transparent. ScienceGuy would chime in with posts from the supplier such as “We are very busy purifying the PIPERAZINE intermediate – the one with two N atoms on opposite sides of ring.” On top of knowing the supplier ScienceGuy even independently did a third party analysis test confirming the quality and purity our batch and posting the technical documents online in post 953. I have no doubts in my mind about the nature of what I was consuming. Having said that, NSI-189 itself is indeed investigational.
My experiences with NSI-189
I started taking NSI-189 in August 2013 making me perhaps one of the first 100 people or so to try it; of course, there are risks and unknowns involved in this but I was educated and informed. Yes, I fully accept being a lab rat. When you have chronic, treatment resistant depression as well as untreated ADD making hard to work and support yourself and even to think and communicate, then the benefits seem so bright and obvious and the drawbacks seem so dim and insignificant.
I am going to quote myself as user h2o discussing my initial reaction to NSI-189. In summary, I did experience acute anti-depressant effects on day one, but ultimately it was not a “cure.”
Here is my write-up on September 20th, 2013:
“Today is my 30th day on NSI-189 and this is my first real update since starting my trial. I originally was *very* interested in NSI because I have chronic treatment resistant depression. I pretty much have had dysthymia with some occurrences of major depression all of my adult life. But why I really wanted to try NSI is because of the worsening memory/concentration that occurs with long term depression and so the mechanism of action of NSI seemed spot on. Actually, I can relate to a lot of what OpaqueMind has experienced (which he describes wonderfully) about how early onset, long term depression destroys autobiographical memories.
I am female and in my mid 20s. I remember MizTen saying that she was surprised that people half her age are experiencing positive effects, but I don’t think it has anything to do with age but more to do with onset and duration of symptoms (among other issues). In fact researchers have found hippocampal shrinkage in depressed kids as young as five.
For the first week on NSI, I noticed a clear reaction right away. I started being aware of small environmental details that I usually would not notice. I especially was keen on noticing nuanced facial expressions. Some of my experiences were similar to taking Noopept at least at first. NSI also gave me a mild stimulating effect that was not quite like a stimulant. I also have ADD so that effect was welcome. In general I was just more focused and felt some sort of inner peace.
Overall, I would say that the strongest effects for me were the first week and then the effects tapered a bit and then strengthened after the third week. For the first week, I was taking 40mg once a day and that was more than enough, but I did notice an obvious come down effect about 12 hours later. The second week I dosed 30 mg 2 x a day but strangely I felt less of an effect even though I was dosing more overall. The following weeks I have been doing 40mg x twice a day which is the standard middle range dose.
As my trial went on, my emotions became reminiscent of how I felt like when I was younger so it felt like I was going back in time a bit. Also I am a very withdrawn person and keep to myself almost to the extreme and I found myself having small talk with store clerk which was interesting. I also wasn’t as self-conscious. I noticed that some people here have had opposite effects though and started becoming more withdrawn. Perhaps NSI is turning on a switch of some sort with regards to social interactions.
One remarkable feat of NSI is that it comes with little to no side effects, at least for me. I experienced no headaches which seem to be the number one common side effect. Occasionally, I experienced a mild, transient head pressure or tingling but it was not really bothersome to me and I have a low tolerance for pain and discomfort. People take anti-depressants to feel better not worse, right? On a scale from 0 (none) to 5 (severe) I would rate the side effect profile of NSI of being a 1 for being mild and infrequent.
Thirty days into I would say that NSI is promising and can help many people, especially those who do not respond to other treatments like SSRIs. Having said that, I still have a long way to go before I can be completely relieved of depression. No, I am not “cured” just yet of depression despite the hype that NSI can “cure” depression. No matter how good a drug is, one still needs to develop good habits over the long term. That is why I think at least 3 – 6 months of NSI is needed before real life changes happen instead of just subjective feelings of well-being.
Also, I want to add that I really appreciate everything ScienceGuy has done and am thankful that he gave me the opportunity to try NSI as well as setting the precedent for future group buys. I would also like to acknowledge VLK for his generosity in setting up the second group buy so many will actually be able to try NSI for longer periods of time. Last but definitely not least, let’s not forget NeuralStem (and Darpa) who funded and developed the compound.”
I later posted another update on June 23, 2014:
“My NSI update: I have been cycling NSI-189 for 10 months now and have only continued to see steady improvements. Approximately how much NSI have I taken so far? About 18 grams over 1-2 month on/off cycles with the NSI cycle that I’m currently on being a full 3 months by the end of this week. As a comparison, the highest dose from the 1B clinical trial was 40mg three times a day for 28 days or 3.36 grams total for the entire trial.
I will always remember my initial reaction to the drug back when I took it August of last year. What I will say is this: I was a very strong responder to NSI and felt the anti-depressant effects within the first two hours. I took 40mg orally the first week. Within a certain population, NSI-189 can have a very quick onset just like ketamine is reported to have. I am fully certain that the initial effects were not at all placebo, because placebo effects are vague and abstract while I felt a clear physical uplifting reaction to NSI-189 somewhat similar to how stimulants are fast-acting and energy boosting. Also, if placebo effects do occur, they are usually short lived. My improvements have been stable and I never reverted back to my original pre-NSI depression even during off cycles.
No doubt I still have better days and “less better” days but this is simply within the normal range of human behaviors and my symptoms are very manageable. Before I have had some cognitive and memory symptoms that were very severe/problematic such as forgetting where I parked my car and difficulty reading in such a way that by time I finished reading a single long sentence I would have forgotten the beginning of the sentence and therefore losing grasp of the entire meaning (disastrous working memory). Keep in mind I am in my 20s, not 80s and I have always had ADD since childhood, but these symptoms associated with depression only compounded these problems further. I personally think I have much more room for improvement so I plan on continuing to take NSI-189 to see how the effects max out.
There is also so much I more I want to talk about such as how I am much more improved socially and more optimistic about the future. I am in the early stages of starting an online business and I’m currently learning a foreign language. I may provide further updates in the future about these subjects.
Other notes: For the first 6 months of my trial, it was NSI-189 which was the only pharmaceutical I was taking along with some general health supplements and vitamins that I had always taken previously with only modest improvements. I wanted to see the effects of NSI-189 i.e. “untested experimental drug” at the time, without conflicting factors. Once I was comfortable with my NSI reaction, more recently (last 2 months) I was on low dose selegiline (2.5mg) and then TA-65. Intriguingly enough, TA-65’s effects, at least for me, were similar (though not exactly the same) to the same effects as taking NSI-189 the first time including improved motivation, energy, and mild head pressure in the beginning. TA-65 might actually be a potent anti-depressant for some people even though it’s marketed as an anti-aging supplement. There are other anecdotal reports and research (shortened telomeres relating to very chronic depression) that point in this direction as well.
Also shout out to MizTen and paul because to my knowledge, we three have been the first human lab rats to have taken such a large amount of NSI over the long term. So here you go, although NSI-189 has been officially proven safe in humans in 28 days, it has “unofficially” been proven safe and effective over a course of nearly a year. (Wow, has it already been this long?) What a journey this has been!
I will end with a very interesting study (actually one of my favorite studies ever). I can’t believe no one has ever mentioned this study in these 70+ pages!” | <urn:uuid:50fed24b-3df8-4d07-9451-237f7f441858> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://adifferentdrum.org/my-experiences-with-nsi-189-can-this-investigational-drug-be-the-miracle-pill-of-the-future/ | 2024-02-24T00:19:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.976049 | 3,886 | 2.84375 | 3 |
MEMORY АМD THINКING
Human memory and learning are intimately related since the development of
an association between а stimulus and response requires some sort of retention. Some of our
associations, such as conditioned reflexes, are hot at the conscious, but at
the spinal level of association, although possibly they are 'remembered' there
also. For most of the behaviour which distinguishes humans from animals (that
is thinking and communicating through language) memory is located in the centre
of the nervous system on cortex of the brain. We can think of memory as, analogous to some sort of filing cabinet system. Information
received through the senses is stored and utilized as needed, within the limits
of storage capacity and the personal efficiency for 'searching
the files'. (Without this retention process there could be no learned
behaviour). Our storage capacity seems to be an inflexible individual
characteristic, but the efficiency with which the information is retrieved is а function of а number of influences. Three of
these influences, which are general features in memory, are frequency, recency,
74 Frequency refers, everything else
being equal, to the tendency to remember those experiences which have happened
most often. Experiences or events that occur infrequently are not remembered
well. It is also clear that, everything else being equal, we remember the тоге recent events in contrast to those
that occurred in earlier times.
Learning also influences our ability to recall
our past experiences. When the learning takes place, how well is the material
mastered? How frequently do the lessons occur, and what are the personal
priorities we attach to the lessons? All these factors affect the extent to
which we can" demonstrate our retention of information.
Thinking must, like memory, be inferred from
public behaviour. Thinking is another so-called 'mental' activity, involving
the manipulation of symbols, signs, concepts, or ideas, which are symbolically
represented. Thinking is а process which is closely bound up with language.
То continue with the filing analogy, thinking is
the term used to describe the various ways in which the information in storage
is retrieved, scanned, examined, combined, and rearranged. We do not actually examine the objects
(memories) on 'file', but we may sometimes refer to the verbal description of
the remembered events. Memory, learning, thinking, and language are all
intimately related processes. So far is this the сазе that а word may remind you of other words and conjure
up images, whereas а perception may conjure up images and also remind you of а linguistic description.
Two types of thinking, i.e. convergent and
divergent thinking, are processes of association between stimuli and responses
which are acceptable according to different criteria. We may also make
associations among ideas or experiences. When we are faced with а problem that we wish to solve we
usually resort to convergent thinking, depending on our memory to bring forth
the best answer that can serve as а'solution. If this effort is unrewarding we may resort to
trial-and-error or perhaps use а hypothesis as а result of insight, i.e. we may be able to assemble our previous experiences
in а' new way so that
we understand the relationships required to solve the task. Our thinking process
like many of the actions we perform, is very likely to become habitual and
standardized. Most people find it very difficult to change their pattern of
thinking, especially if their methods have previously been rewarding.
Through language we understand and communicate
the symbols and concepts that we learn. The words in our language are learned
initially by association with the objects or events they represent (extension),
but we also acquire meaning of words through their relationship to other words
and symbols. They are usually clear-cut labels and have only one meaning. The
second class of symbols are connotive symbols, and they mark the way we intend
to make people think about these things. Words like 'good', 'happy', 'worthwhile',
are some of the connotive-type words used valuatively.
The essential link between thinking and
language, we must repeat, comes about because we learn а great deal by description. We read
about the experiences of others, of their verbal representations of other
objects and ideas. We think by internal manipulation of language, and the very
fact that we are able to associate а пате successfully with
an object is clear evidence that our memory stores both the пате and а symbolic representation of the thing.
Let us look at just one piece of experiment on
linguistic behaviour. Our vocabulary is composed of tens of thousands of words,
including а great number
of adjectives. We can use adjectives to qualify objects with such words
as 'good'„'clean', 'large' and so on. Research has shown that our basic
connotive vocabulary can be reduced to the three broad types of adjectives that
most people use to describe their environment. The fundamental adjective types
Evaluation: i.e. good... bad
Potency: i.e. strong... weak
Activity: i.e. active... passive
These three pairs of adjectives are the basic
meanings that we seem to apply to many of the objects we perceive, learn, and
think about. The whole field of relationship of symbols and language is the
communication process by which human knowledge is recorded and developed.
Language makes it possible for each generation
to learn for itself what other generations had learned earlier. Knowledge is
cumulative, otherwise each generation would have to learn for itself, for
example, all of the principles of science. Cognition is the mental process by
which we learn, think, and remember, and we use language to describe and
understand the world around us.
(L.S. Skurnik, F. Reorge. «Psychology for
Everyman». Penguin Books, 1972, рр. 46 — 49)
the following sentences and word combinations into Russian. (The exercise is to
be done orally):
to retain information; to retain knowledge; to retain the exciting news; the
mechanism of retention; to store facts; to store data; the brain
is the place where а great deal of information is stored; storage capacity;
have good intellectual capacities; our memory has а great storage capacity';
efficiency in performance;
efficiency in memorizing facts and figures;
recent events; а recent trial; а recent experiment;
to value one' s views; to value one' s opinion; valuable facts; valuable
data; valuable information; information value;
historical events; recent events; to remember better frequent and recent events;
to involve new data; to involve one' s consciousness, to involve one' s memory; to
the image of the world around us; the image of а concept; image memory; а visual image;
study the pattern of one' s behaviour; to influence one' s pattern of
thinking; to depend on the pattern of memorizing new data; the pattern of
younger generation; the older generation; several generations of
Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active
1. Мы удерживаем в памяти только часть получаемой
информации. 2. Сохранение в памяти многочисленной информации — чрезвычайно
сложный процесс. 3. В его памяти хранится самая разнообразная информация. 4. В
памяти хранятся наиболее важные сведения. 5. У разных людей различный объем
памяти. 6. Как правило, у детей хорошая восприимчивость к учению. 7. Он —
человек больших способностей. 8. Новые эффективные методы обучения нашли
широкое применение в нашей школе. 9. Много квалифицированных преподавателей
работает в нашем университете. 10. Лечение оказалось эффективным.
Indigo Children is a helpful and informative book. I highly recommend
HAROLD H. BLOOMFIELD, M.D. - Bestselling author of Healing
- The Indigo Children
As you begin to read this, you
might be thinking, "What now, another 'doom and gloom' book about how
society is changing our kids?" No. This is perhaps the most exciting,
albeit odd, change in basic human nature that has ever been observed and
documented in a society which has the tools to do so. We ask you to discern for
yourselves as you read on.
Jan and I are national
self-help lecturers and authors. In the last six years we have traveled the world
speaking in front of large and small groups alike We have dealt with all ages and many cultures representing many languages. My boys
are grown and left the nest. Jan never had children, but somehow felt that
someday she would be working with them (she was right). Of the six published
books, none are about children because our work does not focus there. How is
it, therefore, that we are authoring a book on this very subject?
When you are counsellors, and you spend close personal time with people,
you cannot help but notice emerging patterns of human behavior, which then
become staples of your work. Our work, like that of Louise Hay who published
this book, is about self empowerment and the raising of self esteem. It enables
people to hope, giving them the power to lift themselves above the level of who
they "thought" they were. It also involves spiritual healing (not
religion), and encourages self examination for the purpose of finding the
"God within" first, before searching for any outside source. It speaks
of self-healing, as well as independence from worry, in a changing and
worry-prone world. It's tremendously rewarding work - but it makes us notice
Some years ago, people started
to talk about specific troubles with their kids. So what else is new? Children
are often the greatest blessing in a life, and also the greatest challenge.
Many books have been written about good parenting and child psychology, but
what we noticed was different.
We started hearing more and
more about a new kind of child, or at least a new kind of problem for the
parent. The difficulties were odd in nature, in that they represented an
interchange between adult and child that was unexpected and seemingly atypical
of what our generation had experienced. We ignored it until we started hearing
it from the professionals who deal specifically with children. They also were
reporting similar challenges. Many were exasperated and at their wit's end. Day-care workers all over the nation, some of
whom had worked in their profession for over thirty years, were also telling us
the same kind of stories about how things were somehow different with the kids.
Then we saw something that was horrifying. When these "new" problems
became acute, there was an overwhelming propensity to solve the issue by
legally drugging the child!
At first, we assumed that this
was a cultural attribute, reflecting a changing
Jan and I work with individual issues and stay away from
politics or even environmental "causes." It's not that we aren't
interested, but rather that our focus as councilors and lecturers is truly
about helping men and women personally (even though we often speak to them in
large groups). Our premise has always been that each balanced human who has a
positive outlook and exudes well-being is able to make whatever changes
necessary in a very powerful way. In other words, even vast sweeping social
change has to start inside the mind and heart of one person at a time.
Additionally, we assumed that
even if there were great changes going on with the kids, professionals and
researchers would communicate about this within their industry - that the
"pros" would also be observing this event. Years ago we expected to
see reports and articles on "attributes of the new kids" in
elementary educational and day-care periodicals. It didn't happen - at least
not on a scale that would draw much attention, and not in a way for parents to be
helped or informed.
Because it didn't happen, we
were reinforced in our original notion that our own observations were probably
not as wide spread as we had thought, and again, children are not our focus. It
took several years for us to change our minds and decide that someone had to at
least assemble the information and report it, no matter how strange it seemed.
It was there!
As you can see, a number of
factors brought about this book, which you should know about before you blindly
take our word for something that is going to fall into the category of
"happening all around us - but unexplainable."
We have now realized the
For all these reasons, we are stepping out on a limb and giving you the best
information we can about what we have observed on a subject that is undoubtedly
controversial for many reasons. As far as we know, this is the first book that
is entirely dedicated to the Indigo Child. While reading this, many will relate
to what is presented, and we fully expect the subject to be explored more fully
in the future by those more qualified.
Psychology evolved out of
both philosophy and biology. Such discussions of the two subjects date as far
back as the early Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Socrates. The word
psychology is derived from the Greek word psyche, meaning 'soul' or 'mind.'
The field and study of
psychology was truly born when Wilhelm Wundt established the
first psychology lab in
history, a number of different school of thought have
thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of
thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of
thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each perspective has
contributed to our understanding of psychology. The following are some of the
major schools of thought in psychology.
Today, psychologists prefer to
use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human
behavior. Psychological studies are highly structured, beginning with a
hypothesis that is then empirically tested. Psychology has two major areas of
focus: academic psychology and applied psychology. Academic psychology focuses
on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality
psychology, social psychology, and developmental psychology.
These psychologists conduct basic research that seeks to expand our
theoretical knowledge, while other researchers conduct applied research that seeks to solve everyday
problems. Applied psychology focuses on the use of different psychological
principles to solve real world problems. Examples of applied areas of
psychology include forensic psychology, ergonomics, and industrial-organizational psychology. Many other
psychologists work as therapists, helping people overcome mental, behavioral,
and emotional disorders.
As psychology moved away from
its philosophical roots, psychologists began to employ more and more scientific
methods to study human behavior. Today, researchers employ a variety of
scientific methods, including experiments, correlational studies, longitudinal studies, and
others to test, explain, and predict behavior.
Psychology is a broad and
diverse field. A number of different subfields and specialty areas have
emerged. The following are some of the major areas of research and application
Abnormal Psychology is the study of
abnormal behavior and psychopathology. This specialty area is focused on research
and treatment of a variety of mental disorders and is linked to psychotherapy and clinical psychology. Mental health
professional typically utilize the Diagnosistic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to diagnose mental
Biological Psychology, also known as biopsychology, studies how biological
processes influence the mind and behavior. This area is closely linked to
neuroscience and utilizes tools such as MRI and PET scans to look at brain
injury or brain abnormalities.
Clinical Psychology is focused on the
assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders.
Cognitive Psychology is the study of
human thought processes and cognitions. Cognitive psychologists study topics
such as attention, memory, perception, decision-making, problem solving, and
Comparative Psychology is the branch of
psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior. The study of animal
behavior can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology.
Developmental Psychology is the branch of
psychology that looks at human growth and development over the lifespan.
Theories often focus on the development of cognitive abilities, morality,
social functioning, identity, and other life areas.
Forensic Psychology is an applied
field focused on using psychological research and principles in the legal and
criminal justice system.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology is the area of
psychology that uses psychological research to enhance work performance, select
employee, improve product design, and enhance usability.
Personality Psychology looks at the
various elements that make up individual personalities. Well-known personality
theories include Freud’s structural model of personality and the "Big Five" theory of personality.
School Psychology is the branch of psychology
that works within the educational system to help children with emotional,
social, and academic issues.
Social Psychology is a discipline that uses
scientific methods to study social influence, social perception, and social
interaction. Social psychology studies diverse subjects including group
behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity,
aggression, and prejudice.
The study and practice of
psychology encompasses a vast range of topics and a large number of subfields
and specialty areas have developed as a result. Because human behavior is so
varied, the number of subfields in psychology is constantly growing and
Psychology can be roughly divided into two major sections: research, which seeks to increase our
knowledge base, and practice,
through which our knowledge is applied to solving problems in the real world.
Because psychology touches on a number of other subjects including biology,
philosophy, anthropology, and sociology, new areas of research and practice are
continually forming. Some of these subfields have been firmly established as
areas of interest, and many colleges and universities offer courses and degree
programs in these topics.
This area of psychology is known by a number of titles
including behavioral neuroscience, psychobiology, and neuropsychology.
Biopsychologists study the
relationship between the brain and behavior, such as how the brain and nervous
system impact our thoughts, feeling, and moods.
This field can be thought of as a combination of basic
psychology and neuroscience.
Clinical psychology is the largest specialty area in
These psychologists apply psychological principles and
research to assess, diagnose, and treat patients with mental and emotional
Clinicians often work in private practices, but many
also work in community centers or at universities and colleges.
Developmental psychologists study the physical and
cognitive development that occurs over the course of the lifespan.
These psychologists generally specialize in an area
such as infant, child, adolescent, or geriatric development, while others may
study the effects of developmental delays.
Forensic psychologists apply psychological principles
to legal issues.
This may involve studying
criminal behavior and treatments, or working directly in the court system.
Forensic psychologists often conduct evaluations,
screen witnesses, or provide testimony in court cases.
Psychologists in this field apply psychological
principles to research on workplace issues such as productivity and behavior.
Some psychologists in this field work in areas such as
human factors, ergonomics, and human-computer interaction.
Research in this field is known as applied research because it seeks to solve
real world problems.
Personality psychologists study the characteristic
patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make each person unique.
These psychologists often work in academic settings as
instructors or researchers.
Social psychologists study social behaviors, including
how individual self-image and behavior is impacted by interactions with others.
These psychologists often conduct research in academic
setting, but others work in such areas such as advertising and government.
School psychologists work within the educational
system to help children with emotional, social, and academic issues.
These psychologists collaborate with teachers,
parents, and students to find solutions to academic, social, and emotional
Most school psychologists work in elementary and
secondary schools, but others work in private clinics, hospitals, state
agencies, and universities. Some go into private practice and serve as
consultants, especially those with a doctoral degree in school psychology.
When most people think of
scientific experimentation, research on cause
and effect is most often brought to mind. Experiments on causal
relationships investigate the effect of one or more variables on one or more
outcome variables. This type of research also determines if one variable causes
another variable to occur or change. An example of this type of research would
be altering the amount of a treatment and measuring the effect on study
research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or population. An example of
this type of research would be an opinion poll to determine which Presidential
candidate people plan to vote for in the next election. Descriptive studies do
not seek to measure the effect of a variable; they seek only to describe.
A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to
explain some aspect of the natural word. A theory arises from repeated
observation and testing and incorporates facts, laws, predictions, and tested
hypotheses that are widely accepted.
A hypothesis is a specific,
testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. For example,
a study designed to look at the relationship between study habits and test
anxiety might have a hypothesis that states, “This study is designed to assess
the hypothesis that students with better study habits will suffer less test
anxiety.” Unless your study is exploratory in nature, your hypothesis should
always explain what you expect to happen during the course of your experiment or research.
While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in general practice, the
difference between a theory and a hypothesis is important when studying
distinctions to note include:
A theory predicts events in general terms, while a
hypothesis makes a specific prediction about a specified set of circumstances.
A theory is has been extensively tested and is
generally accepted, while a hypothesis is a speculative guess that has yet to
Contemporary psychology is
interested in an enormous range of topics, looking a human behavior and mental
process from the neural level to the cultural level. Psychologists study human
issues that begin before birth and continue until death. By understanding the
history of psychology, you can gain a better understanding of how these topics
are studied and what we have learned thus far.
From its earliest beginnings,
psychology has been faced with a number of different questions. The initial
question of how to define psychology helped establish it as a science separate
from physiology and philosophy. Additional questions that psychologists have faced throughout history include:
What topics and issues should psychology be concerned with?
What research methods should be used to study
Should psychologists use research to influence public
policy, education, and other aspects of human behavior?
Is psychology really a science? Should psychology
focus on observable behaviors, or on internal mental processes?
While psychology did not
emerge as a separate discipline until the late 1800s, its earliest history can
be traced back to the time of the early Greeks. During the 17th-century, the
French philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the idea of dualism, which
asserted that the mind and body were two separate entities that interact to
form the human experience. Many other issues still debated by psychologists
today, such as the relative contributions of nature vs. nurture, are rooted in
these early philosophical traditions.
So what makes psychology different from philosophy? While early philosophers
relied on methods such as observation and logic, today’s psychologists utilize
scientific methodologies to study and draw conclusions about human thought and
behavior. Physiology also contributed to psychology’s eventual emergence as a
scientific discipline. Early physiology research on brain and behavior had a
dramatic impact on psychology, ultimately contributing to the application of
scientific methodologies to the study of human thought and behavior.
During the mid-1800s, a German
physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt was using
scientific research methods to investigate reaction times. His book published
in 1874, Principles of Physiological
Psychology, outlined many of the major connections between the science
of physiology and the study of human thought and behavior. He later opened the
first world’s first psychology lab in 1879 at the
How did Wundt view psychology? He perceived the
subject as the study of human consciousness and sought to apply experimental
methods to studying internal mental processes. While his use of a process known
as introspection is seen as
unreliable and unscientific today, his early work in psychology helped set the
stage for future experimental methods. An estimated 17,000 students attended Wundt’s psychology lectures, and hundreds more pursued
degrees in psychology and studied in his psychology lab. While his influence
dwindled in the years to come, his impact on psychology is unquestionable.
Edward B. Titchener,
one of Wundt’s most famous students, would go on to
found psychology’s first major school of thought. According to the structuralists, human consciousness could be broken down
into much smaller parts. Using a process known as introspection, trained
subjects would attempt to break down their responses and reactions to the most
basic sensation and perceptions.
While structuralism is notable for its emphasis on scientific research, its
methods were unreliable, limiting, and subjective. When Titchener died in 1927, structuralism essentially died with him.
Psychology flourished in
American during the mid- to late-1800s. William James emerged as one of the major
American psychologists during this period and the publication of his classic
textbook, The Principles of Psychology,
established him as the father of American psychology. His book soon became the
standard text in psychology and his ideas eventually served as the basis for a
new school of thought known as functionalism.
The focus of functionalism was on how behavior actually works to help people
live in their environment. Functionalists utilized methods such as direct
observation. While both of these early schools of thought emphasized human consciousness,
their conceptions of it were significantly different. While the structuralists sought to break down mental processes into
their smallest parts, the functionalists believed that consciousness existed as
a more continuous and changing process. While functionalism is no longer a
separate school of thought, it would go on to influence later psychologists and
theories of human thought and behavior.
Up to this point, early
psychology stressed conscious human experience. An Austrian physician named Sigmund Freud changed the face of
psychology in a dramatic way, proposing a theory of personality that emphasized
the importance of the unconscious mind. Freud’s clinical work with patients
suffering from hysteria and other ailments led him to believe that early
childhood experiences and unconscious impulses contributed to the development
of adult personality and behavior.
In his book The Psychopathology of
Everyday Life, Freud detailed how these unconscious thoughts and
impulses are expressed, often through slips of the tongue and dreams. According
to Freud, psychological disorders are the result of these unconscious conflicts
becoming extreme or unbalanced.
The psychoanalytic theory
proposed by Sigmund Freud had a tremendous impact on 20th-century thought,
influencing the mental health field as well as other areas including art,
literature, and popular culture. While many of his ideas are viewed with
skepticism today, his influence on psychology is undeniable.
dramatically during the early 20th-century as another school of thought known
as behaviorism rose to dominance.
Behaviorism was a major change from previous theoretical perspectives,
rejecting the emphasis on both the conscious and unconscious mind. Instead,
behaviorism strove to make psychology a more scientific discipline by focusing
purely on observable behavior.
Behaviorism had it’s earliest start with the work of a
Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov’s research on the
digestive systems of dogs led to his discovery of the classical conditioning process, which
demonstrated that behaviors could be learned via conditioned associations.
Pavlov demonstrated that this
learning process could be used to make and association between and environmental
stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
An American psychologist named John B. Watson soon became one of the strongest
advocates of behaviorism. Initially outlining the basics principles of this new
school of thought in his 1913 paper Psychology
as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson later went on to offer a definition
in his classic book Behaviorism (1924), writing:
“Behaviorism…holds that the
subject matter of human psychology is
the behavior of the human being. Behaviorism claims that consciousness
is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been
trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the
existence of consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and
The impact of behaviorism was
enormous, and this school of thought continued to dominate for the next 50
years. Psychologist B.F. Skinner furthered the behaviorist
perspective with his concept of operant conditioning, which
demonstrated the effect of punishment and reinforcement on behavior.
While behaviorism eventually lost its hold on psychology, the basic principles
of behavioral psychology are still widely in use today. Therapeutic techniques
such as behavioral modification and token economies are often utilized to help
children learn new skills and overcome maladaptive behaviors, while conditioning
is used in many situations ranging from parenting to education.
While the first half of the
twentieth-century was dominated by psychoanalysis and behaviorism, a new school
of thought known as humanistic psychology emerged during the
second half of the century. Often referred to as the “third force” in
psychology, this theoretical perspective emphasized conscious experiences.
American psychologist Carl Rogers is often considered the
founding father of this school of thought. While psychoanalysts looked at
unconscious impulses and behaviorists focused purely on environmental causes,
As you have seen in this brief
overview of psychology’s history, this discipline has seen dramatic growth and
change since its official beginnings in Wundt’s lab.
The story certainly does not end here. Psychology has continued to evolve since
1960 and new ideas and perspectives have been introduced. Recent research in
psychology looks at many aspects of the human experience, from the biological
influences on behavior to the impact of social and cultural factors.
Today, the majority of psychologists do not identify themselves with a single
school of thought. Instead, they often focus on a particular specialty area or
perspective, often drawing on ideas from a range of theoretical backgrounds.
This eclectic approach has contributed new ideas and theories that will
continue to shape psychology for years to come.
Psychology is a
broad and varied subject. This breadth and diversity of thought can be seen by
looking as some of the best known thinkers in psychology. While each theorist
may have been part of an overriding school of thought, each brought a unique
and individual voice and perspective to the field of psychology.
A study that appeared in the July 2002 issue of the Review of General Psychology created
a ranking of the 99 most influential psychologists. The rankings were mostly
based on three factors: the frequency of journal citations, introductory
textbook citations, and the survey responses of 1,725 members of the American
The following list provides an overview of 10 psychologists from this
ranking survey. These individuals are not only some of the best-known thinkers
in psychology, they also played an important role in
psychology’s history and made important contributions to our understanding of
1. B. F. Skinner:
the 2002 study ranking the 99 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century,
B.F. Skinner topped the list. Skinner’s staunch behaviorism made him a
dominating force in psychology and therapy techniques based on his theories are
still used extensively today, including behavior modification and token
2. Sigmund Freud:
When people think of psychology, many tend to think of Freud. His work
supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes
and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on
psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding
of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and abnormal
3. Albert Bandura :
Bandura’s work is considered part of the
cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His social
learning theory stressed the importance of observational learning, imitation,
and modeling. "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention
hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to
inform them what to do,” Bandura explained in his
1977 book Social Learning Theory.
4. Jean Piaget:
Piaget's work had a profound influence on psychology, especially our
understanding children's intellectual development. His research contributed to
the growth of developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, genetic
epistemology, and education reform. Albert Einstein once described Piaget's
observations on children's intellectual growth and thought processes as a
discovery "so simple that only a genius could have thought of it."
5. Carl Rogers:
Carl Rogers’s emphasis on human potential had an enormous influence on both
psychology and education. He became one of the major humanist thinkers and an
eponymous influence in therapy with his ‘Rogerian therapy.’ As described by his daughter Natalie Rogers, he was “a model for
compassion and democratic ideals in his own life, and in his work as an
educator, writer, and therapist.”
6. William James:
Psychologist and philosopher William James is often referred to as the
father of American psychology. His 1200-page text, The Principles of Psychology, became a classic on the subject
and his teachings and writings helped establish psychology as a science. In
addition, James contributed to functionalism, pragmatism, and influenced many
students of psychology during his 35-year teaching career.
7. Erik Erikson:
Erik Erikson's stage theory of psychosocial development helped create interest and research on
human development through the lifespan. An ego psychologist who studied with
Anna Freud, Erikson expanded psychoanalytic theory by
exploring development throughout the life, including events of childhood,
adulthood, and old age.
8. Ivan Pavlov:
Ivan Pavlov was a Russian
physiologist whose research on conditioned reflexes influenced the rise of
behaviorism in psychology. Pavlov's experimental methods helped move psychology
away from introspection and subjective assessments to objective measurement of
9. Kurt Lewin:
There are two types of time
dimensions that can be used in designing a research study.
Cross-sectional research takes place at a
single point in time.
All tests, measures, or variables are administered to
participants on one occasion.
This type of research seeks to gather data on present
conditions instead of looking at the effects of a variable over a period of
Longitudinal research is a study that
takes place over a period of time.
Data is first collected at the outset of the study,
and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study.
Some longitudinal studies may occur over a short
period of time, such as a few days, while others may take place over a period
The effects of aging are often investigated using
What do we mean when we talk
about a “relationship” between variables? In psychological research, we are
referring to a connection between two or more factors that we can measure or
One of the most important distinctions to make when discussing the relationship
between variables is the meaning of causation.
relationship is when one variable causes a change in another variable. These types of relationships are investigated by
experimental research in order to determine if changes in one variable truly
causes changes in another variable.
A correlation is the measurement of the relationship between two
variables. These variables already occur in the group or population and are not
controlled by the experimenter.
correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one variable
increases, the amount of a second variable also increases.
In a negative
correlation, as the amount of one variable goes up, the levels of
another variable go down.
In both types of correlation, there is no evidence or
proof that changes in one variable cause changes in the other variable. A correlation simply indicates that there is a
relationship between the two variables.
The most important concept to
take from this is that correlation does
not equal causation.
Many popular media sources
make the mistake of assuming that simply because two variables are related that
there a causal relationship exists.
Psychologists study the human
mind and human behavior. Research psychologists investigate the physical,
cognitive, emotional, or social aspects of human behavior. Psychologists in
health service provider fields provide mental health care in hospitals,
clinics, schools, or private settings. Psychologists employed in applied
settings, such as business, industry, government, or nonprofits, provide
training, conduct research, design systems, and act as advocates for
Like other social scientists, psychologists formulate hypotheses and collect
data to test their validity. Research methods vary with the topic under
Psychologists sometimes gather
information through controlled laboratory experiments or by administering
personality, performance, aptitude, or intelligence tests. Other methods
include observation, interviews, questionnaires, clinical studies, and surveys.
Psychologists apply their knowledge to a wide range of endeavors, including
health and human services, management, education, law, and sports. In addition
to working in a variety of settings, psychologists usually specialize in one of
a number of different areas.
Clinical psychologists--who constitute the largest specialty—work most often
in counseling centers, independent or group practices, hospitals, or clinics.
They help mentally and emotionally disturbed clients adjust to life and may
assist medical and surgical patients in dealing with illnesses or injuries.
Some clinical psychologists work in physical rehabilitation settings, treating
patients with spinal cord injuries, chronic pain or illness, stroke, arthritis,
and neurological conditions. Others help people deal with times of personal
crisis, such as divorce or the death of a loved one.
Clinical psychologists often interview patients and give diagnostic tests.
They may provide individual, family, or group psychotherapy and may
design and implement behavior modification programs. Some clinical
psychologists collaborate with physicians and other specialists to develop and
implement treatment and intervention programs that patients can understand and
comply with. Other clinical psychologists work in universities and medical
schools, where they train graduate students in the delivery of mental health
and behavioral medicine services. Some administer community mental health
Areas of specialization within clinical psychology include health psychology, neuropsychology, and geropsychology. Health psychologists promote
good health through health maintenance counseling programs designed to help
people achieve goals, such as stopping smoking or losing weight. Neuropsychologists study the relation between the brain and behavior. They often work in stroke
and head injury programs. Geropsychologists deal with the special problems faced by
the elderly. The emergence and growth of these specialties reflects the
increasing participation of psychologists in providing direct services to
special patient populations.
Often, clinical psychologists will consult with other medical personnel
regarding the best treatment for patients, especially treatment that includes
medication. Clinical psychologists generally are not permitted to prescribe
medication to treat patients; only psychiatrists and other medical doctors may
prescribe certain medications. However, two States—
Counseling psychologists use various techniques, including interviewing and
testing, to advise people on how to deal with problems of everyday living. They
work in settings such as university counseling centers, hospitals, and
individual or group practices.
School psychologists work with
students in elementary and secondary schools. They collaborate with teachers,
parents, and school personnel to create safe, healthy, and supportive learning
environments for all students; address students’ learning and behavior
problems; improve classroom management strategies or parenting skills; counter
substance abuse; assess students with learning disabilities and gifted and
talented students to help determine the best way to educate them; and improve
teaching, learning, and socialization strategies.
They also may evaluate the
effectiveness of academic programs, prevention programs, behavior management
procedures, and other services provided in the school setting.
Industrial-organizational psychologists apply psychological principles and research methods to the workplace in the
interest of improving productivity and the quality of worklife.
They also are involved in research on management and marketing problems. They
screen, train and counsel applicants for jobs, as well as perform
organizational development and analysis. An industrial psychologist might work
with management to reorganize the work setting in order to improve productivity
or quality of life in the workplace. Industrial psychologists frequently act as
consultants, brought in by management to solve a particular problem.
Developmental psychologists study the physiological, cognitive, and social development that takes place
throughout life. Some specialize in behavior during infancy, childhood, and
adolescence, or changes that occur during maturity or old age. Developmental
psychologists also may study developmental disabilities and their effects.
Increasingly, research is developing ways to help elderly people remain
independent as long as possible.
Social psychologists examine
people’s interactions with others and with the social environment. They work in
organizational consultation, marketing research, systems design, or other
applied psychology fields. Prominent areas of study include group behavior,
leadership, attitudes, and perception.
Experimental or research psychologists work in university and private research centers and in business, nonprofit, and
governmental organizations. They study the behavior of both human beings and
animals, such as rats, monkeys, and pigeons. Prominent areas of study in
experimental research include motivation, thought, attention, learning and
memory, sensory and perceptual processes, effects of substance abuse, and
genetic and neurological factors affecting behavior.
Behavioral psychology, also
known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all
behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through
interaction with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be
studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal
There are two major types of conditioning:
Classical conditioning is a technique used
in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a
response. Next, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally
occurring stimulus. Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke
the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus.
Operant conditioning Operant
conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method
of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through
operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a
consequence for that behavior.
1863 - Ivan Sechenov's Reflexes of the Brain was published. Sechenov introduced
the concept of inhibitory responses in the central nervous system.
1900 - Ivan Pavlov began studying the salivary
response and other reflexes.
1913 - John Watson's Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It was published. The article
outlined the many of the main points of behaviorism.
1920 - Watson and assistant Rosalie Rayner conducted the famous "Little Albert"
1943 - Clark Hull's Principles of Behavior was published.
1948 - B.F. Skinner published Walden II in which he described a utopian society founded upon
1959 - Noam Chomsky
published his criticism of Skinner's behaviorism, "Review of Verbal
1971 - B.F. Skinner published his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, where he
argues that free will is an illusion.
Many critics argue that behaviorism is a
one-dimensional approach to behavior and that behavioral
theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as
moods, thoughts, and feelings.
Behaviorism does not account for other types of
learning, especially learning that occurs without the use of reinforcements or
People and animals are able to adapt their behavior
when new information is introduced, even if a previous behavior pattern has
been established through reinforcement.
Behaviorism is based upon observable behaviors, so it is easier to quantify and collect
data and information when conducting research.
Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive
behavioral intervention, token economies, and discrete trial training are all
rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very useful in changing
maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and adults.
Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behavior that make a person unique. Personality arises from
within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. You can
learn more about the basic components of personality in the following article: What is Personality?
Theories of Personality:
number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of
personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while
others are concerned with individual differences in personality. The following
are just a few of the major theories of personality proposed by different
psychologists: Trait Theories
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Learn more about Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial
Development. According to Erikson, each stage plays a
major role in the development of personality and psychological skills.
Horney’s Theory of Neurotic Needs
Theorist Karen Horney developed a list of neurotic
needs that arise from overusing coping strategies to deal with basic anxiety.
Learn more about these neurotic needs described by Horney.
An estimated 10 to 15% of adults in the
You can find a number of personality tests here on the About Psychology site.
These tests and quizzes are designed to give readers an idea of how formal
assessments are used. However, these personality tests are not intended for use
in assessment or diagnosis.
Almost everyday we describe and assess the personalities of the people around
us. Whether we realize it or not, these daily musings on how and why people
behave as they do are similar to what personality psychologists do.
While our informal assessments of personality tend to focus more on
individuals, personality psychologists instead use conceptions of personality
that can apply to everyone. Personality research has led to the development of
a number of theories that help explain how and why certain personality traits
While there are many different
theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant
by the term personality. A
brief definition would be that personality is made up the characteristic
patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique.
In addition to this,
personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent
Some of the fundamental characteristics of personality include:
Consistency - There is
generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people
act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations.
physiological - Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that
it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.
Impact behaviors and actions - Personality does
not just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also causes us to act in certain ways.
Multiple expressions - Personality is
displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in out thoughts,
feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.
There are a number of
different theories about how personality develops. Different schools of thought
in psychology influence many of these theories. Some of these major perspectives on personality include:
Type theories are the early
perspectives on personality. These theories suggested that there are a limited
number of "personality types" which are related to biological
Trait theories viewed personality
as the result of internal characteristics that are genetically based.
Psychodynamic theories of personality are
heavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud, and emphasize the influence
of the unconscious on personality. Psychodynamic
theories include Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stage theory and Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a
result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Behavioral
theorists study observable and measurable behaviors, rejecting theories that
take internal thoughts and feelings into account. Behavioral theorists include B. F. Skinner and John Watson.
The developmental changes that
occur from birth to adulthood were largely ignored throughout much of history.
Children were often viewed simply as small versions of adults and little
attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage,
and physical growth. Interest in the field of child development began early in
the 20th-century and tended to focus on abnormal behavior.
The following are just a few of the many theories of child development that
have been proposed by theorists and researchers. More recent theories outline
the developmental stages of children and identify the typical ages at which
these growth milestones occur.
The theories proposed by Sigmund Freud stressed the importance of
childhood events and experiences, but almost exclusively focus on mental
disorders rather that normal functioning.
According to Freud, child development is described as a series of 'psychosexual
stages.' In "Three Essays on Sexuality" (1915), Freud outlined these
stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency period, and genital. Each stage involves
the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in adult
personality. Learn more in this article on Freud’s stages of psychosexual development.
Theorist Erik Erikson also proposed a
stage theory of development, but his theory encompassed development throughout
the human lifespan. Erikson believed that each stage
of development is focused on overcoming a conflict. Success or failure in
dealing with conflicts can impact overall functioning. Learn more about this
theory in this article on Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
Theorist Jean Piaget suggested that children think
differently than adults and proposed a stage theory of cognitive development.
He was the first to note that children play an active role in gaining knowledge
of the world. Learn more in this article on Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
Behavioral theories of
development focus on how environmental interaction influences behavior and are
based upon the theories of theorists such as Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner. These theories deal only
with observable behaviors. Development is considered a reaction to rewards,
punishments, stimuli, and reinforcement. Learn more about these behavioral
theories in these articles on classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
There is a great deal of
research on the social development of children. John Bowbly proposed one of the earliest theories of social development. Bowlby believed that early relationships with caregivers
play a major role in child development and continue to influence social
relationships throughout life. Learn more in this overview of attachment theory.
According to psychologist
Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline
that uses scientific methods “to understand and explain how the thought,
feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or
implied presence of other human beings” (1985).
Social psychology looks at a wide range of social topics, including group
behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity,
aggression, and prejudice. It is important to note that social psychology is
not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social
interaction are also vital to understanding social behavior.
While Plato referred to the
idea of the “crowd mind” and concepts such as social loafing and social facilitation
were introduced in the late-1800s, it wasn’t until after World War II that
research on social psychology would begin in earnest.
The horrors of the Holocaust
led researchers to study the effects of social influence, conformity, and
It is important to understand how social psychology differs from other
disciplines. Social psychology is often confused with folk wisdom, personality
psychology, and sociology. What makes social psychology different? Unlike folk
wisdom, which relies on anecdotal observations and subjective interpretation,
social psychology employs scientific methods and empirical study of social
While personality psychology focuses on individual traits, characteristics, and
thoughts, social psychology is focused on situations. Social psychologists are
interested in the impact that social environment and interaction has on
attitudes and behaviors.
Finally, it is important to distinguish between social psychology and
sociology. While there are many similarities between the two, sociology tends
to looks at social behavior and influences at a very broad-based level.
Sociologists are interested in the institutions and culture that influence
social psychology. Psychologists instead focus on situational variables that
affect social behavior. While psychology and sociology both study similar
topics, they are looking at these topics from different perspectives.
Allport, G. W. (1985). The
historical background of social psychology. In G. Lindzey,
Our perception of ourselves in relation to the rest of the world plays an
important role in our choices, behaviors, and beliefs. Conversely, the opinions
of others also impact our behavior and the way we view ourselves. Social
psychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how social phenomena
influence us and how people interact with others. There are some basic aspects
of social behavior that play a large role in our actions and how we see
Social behavior is goal-oriented. Our interactions
function to serve a goal or fulfill a need. Some common goals or needs include
the need for social ties, the desire to understand ourselves and others, the
wish to gain or maintain status or protection, and to attract companions.
The interaction between the individual and the
situation determines the outcome.
In many instances, people
behavior very differently in various situations. The situation plays an
important role and has a strong influence on our behavior.
People spend a great deal of time considering social
situations. Our social interactions help form our self-concept and perception.
One method of forming self-concept is through a reflected appraisal process in which we
imagine how other people see us. Another method is through a social comparison process whereby we
consider how we compare to other people in our peer group.
We also analyze and explain the behavior of those
around us. One common phenomenon is expectation confirmation, where we tend to
ignore unexpected attributes and look for evidence that confirms our
preexisting beliefs about others. This helps simplify our worldview, but it
also skews our perception and can contribute to stereotyping.
Another influence on our perceptions of other people
can be explained by the theory of correspondent inferences. This occurs when
we infer that the actions and behaviors of others correspond to their
intentions and personalities. While behavior can be informative in some
instances, especially when the person's actions are intentional, it can also be
misleading. If we have limited interaction with someone, the behavior we see
may be atypical or caused by the specific situation rather than by the persons
overriding dispositional characteristics.
Studying social psychology can enrich our understanding of ourselves and of the
world around us. Explore other links in this section to enrich your
understanding of social behavior.
Stresses the importance of social norms and culture.
Proposes that children learn behavior through
problem-solving interactions with other children and adults. Through these
interactions, they learn the values and norms of their society.
Argues that social behaviors developed through
genetics and inheritance.
Emphasizes the role of biology and gene transmission
across generations to explain current behavior.
Stresses the importance of unique experiences in
family, school, community, etc.
According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors
through observing and mimicking the behavior of others.
Supports an information processing model of social
behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others.
By understanding how information is processed, we can
better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior.
researchers have proposed a number of different theories of love. The following
are four of the major theories proposed to explain liking, love, and emotional
Psychologist Zick Rubin proposed that romantic love is made up of three
elements: attachment, caring, and intimacy. Attachment is the need to receive
care, approval, and physical contact with the other person. Caring involves
valuing the other persons needs and happiness as much
as your own. Intimacy refers to the sharing of thoughts, desires, and feelings
with the other person.
Based upon this definition, Rubin devised a questionnaire to assess attitudes
about others and found that these scales of liking and loving provided support
for his conception of love.
According to psychologist
Elaine Hatfield and her colleagues, there are two basic types of love:
compassionate love and passionate love. Compassionate love is characterized by
mutual respect, attachment, affection, and trust. Compassionate love usually
develops out of feelings of mutual understanding and shared respect for each
Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions, sexual attraction,
anxiety, and affection. When these intense emotions are reciprocated, people
feel elated and fulfilled. Unreciprocated love leads to feelings of despondence
and despair. Hatfield suggests that passionate love is transitory, usually
lasting between 6 and 30 months.
According to Hatfield, passionate love arises when cultural expectations
encourage falling in love, when the person meets your preconceived ideas of an
ideal lover, and when you experience heightened physiological arousal in the
presence of the other person.
Ideally passionate love then leads to compassionate love, which is far more
enduring. While most people desire relationships that combine the security and
stability of compassionate with the intensity of passionate love, Hatfield
suggests that this is rare.
In his 1973 book The Colors of Love, John Lee compared
styles of love to the color wheel. Just as there are three primary colors, Lee
suggested that there are three primary styles of love. These three styles of
love are: (1) Eros, (2) Ludos, and (3) Storge.
Continuing the color wheel analogy, Lee proposed that just as the primary
colors can be combined to create complementary colors, these three primary
styles of love could be combined to create nine different secondary love
styles. For example, a combination of Eros and Ludos results in Mania, or obsessive love.
Lee’s 6 Styles of Loving
Three primary styles:
1. Eros – Loving an ideal person
2. Ludos – Love as a game
3. Storge – Love as friendship
Three secondary styles:
1. Mania (Eros + Ludos) – Obsessive love
2. Pragma (Ludos + Storge) – Realistic and practical love
3. Agape (Eros + Storge) – Selfless love
Psychologist Robert Sternberg
proposed a triangular theory of love that suggests that there are three
components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Different combinations
of these three components result in different types of love. For example, a
combination of intimacy and commitment results in compassionate love, while a
combination of passion and intimacy leads to passionate love.
According to Sternberg, relationships built on two or more elements are more
enduring that those based upon a single component. Sternberg uses the term consummate love to describe a
combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment. While this type of love is
the strongest and most enduring, Sternberg suggests that this type of love is
A. Cognitive psychology is the
branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think,
perceive, remember, and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science,
this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including
neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.
The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process, and
store information. There are numerous practical applications for cognitive
research, such as ways to improve memory, how to increase decision-making
accuracy, and how to structure educational curriculums to enhance learning.
Until the 1950s, behaviorism was the dominant school of thought in psychology.
Between 1950 and 1970, the tide began to shift against behavioral psychology to
focus on topics such as attention, memory, and problem solving.
Often referred to
as the cognitive revolution, this period generated considerable research
including processing models, cognitive research methods, and the first use of
the term “cognitive psychology.”
Unlike behaviorism, which focuses only on observable
behaviors, cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental states.
Unlike psychoanalysis, which relies heavily on
subjective perceptions, cognitive psychology uses scientific research methods
to study mental processes.
Because cognitive psychology
touches on many other disciplines, people in a number of different disciplines
often study this branch of psychology. Who should study cognitive psychology?
The following are just a few of those who may benefit from studying cognitive
Students interested in behavioral neuroscience, linguistics,
industrial-organizational psychology, artificial intelligence, and other
Teachers, educators, and curriculum designers can
benefit by learning more about how people process, learn, and remember
Engineers, scientists, artists, architects, and
designers can all benefit from understanding internal mental states and
Decision Making and Judgment
Edward B. Titchner | <urn:uuid:938e03e5-6d86-48d8-9620-12ebbaacf1a9> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://amazon-kat1.narod.ru/English/translate.htm | 2024-02-24T00:27:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.951572 | 13,693 | 3.5 | 4 |
New study details biomechanical changes in foot
associated with high-heel height
ROSEMONT, IL, Dec. 3, -- For years orthopaedic surgeons specializing in foot and ankle care have been warning women about the perils of wearing high heels. High heel wearers risk foot injury, muscle imbalance, bone deformities, knee and ankle joint problems, bunions, hammer toes and more. Now a new study featured in the November issue of Foot & Ankle International (FAI), the official scientific journal of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) details the biomechanical changes that occur in feet during high heel wear and the correlation between the heel height and amount of pain, pressure and strain it puts on your feet.
The study measured plantar pressure and soft-tissue thickness simultaneously using a load cell, a device which detects foot pressure, and a linear-array ultrasound transducer. Twenty one healthy men and women participated in the study. Measurements were taken with each participant standing barefoot on wooden blocks of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm in height placed below the heel. The study results revealed a significant increase in pressure on the metatarsal heads (the ends of the metatarsal bones that connect to the toes) as the heel height was raised. This increased pressure contributes to pain, callous and bony deformities. The study authors suggest limiting heel height to no greater than 2 cm (.8 inches) as well as the use of padding at the ball of the foot can significantly reduce discomfort and risk of injury to the metatarsal heads.
Chung-Li Wang, MD, PhD, an AOFAS member and co-author of the study adds, “This study demonstrates the close association between heel height, plantar pressure and soft tissue compressibility. This is helpful in the prevention of pain and damage to your feet from inadequate heel height.” For those who like to wear high heel shoes, Dr. Wang offers the following advice, “Frequent removal of the shoe, unloading her/his foot, choosing a shoe with wide toe box, and adding a pad under the metatarsal head could be helpful in reducing discomfort.”
The AOFAS website www.aofas.org contains public education resources on the care and treatment of the foot and ankle, including a section titled: Smart Tips for Wearing High Heels. Tips include:
Wear a shorter heel. A 2-inch heel causes fewer problems than a 4-inch heel. A shorter heel will give an elongated appearance if it is a thin stiletto type rather than a thick or chunky heel.
Try to save the use of high heeled shoes for functions where you will not be on your feet for extended periods of time; treat them as a limited privilege accessory.
Take your designer shoes to a pedorthist to have them custom fit to your feet. They may be able to stretch the toe box to better accommodate your feet.
Try wearing a larger size than usual and insert heel cups into the backs for a better comfortable fit.
Wear open toe shoes instead of a similarly styled shoe that causes discomfort in your toes. Partially open toe shoes have become more acceptable in many work environments, allowing you to further customize your shoes to your feet.
Remember that however appealing high heel, high fashion shoes are, your feet need to carry you around for a lifetime. Treat them kindly!
Following the above tips as well as the study data which suggests limiting heel height to no greater than 2 cm (.8 inches) will go a long way in reducing foot discomfort. | <urn:uuid:66f83db1-45f5-4aeb-bd2b-dff762da6ddc> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://blog.thinktri.com/2009/12/height-of-heel-matters-in-prevention-of.html | 2024-02-24T00:08:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.933884 | 753 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Dental Emergencies And What To Do When One Occurs
Emergency dentistry is a branch of dentistry that provides immediate and effective treatment for various dental problems that require urgent attention. Whether it is a toothache, a broken tooth, an infection, or a lost filling, emergency dentistry can help you restore your oral health and prevent further complications.
Here is some information about dental emergencies and what you should do when one occurs.
What Is a Dental Emergency?
A dental emergency is any situation that involves severe pain, bleeding, infection, or damage to your teeth, gums, or other oral tissues. Some examples of dental emergencies are:
- Uncontrolled bleeding from the mouth due to trauma, accident, or health condition.
- Swelling of the face or neck that affects your breathing or swallowing.
- Fracture or dislocation of the jawbone that compromises your airway.
- Severe tooth pain from decay, infection, or nerve damage,
- Abscess or pus-filled pocket in the gums or jawbone that causes fever, swelling, and pain.
- Tooth loss or displacement due to injury or disease.
- Cracked, chipped, or broken tooth that exposes the nerve or causes sharp edges.
- Loose or missing filling, crown, bridge, or implant that affects your bite or causes pain.
- Damaged or broken denture, partial, or orthodontic appliance that causes discomfort or injury.
- Object stuck between the teeth or under the gums that causes pain or irritation.
How to Handle a Dental Emergency?
If you experience any of the above situations, you should seek emergency dental care as soon as possible. Depending on the severity and type of your dental emergency, you may need to visit an emergency dentist, an emergency dental clinic, or a hospital emergency room.
Here are some tips on how to handle common dental emergencies until you get professional help:
- To stop any bleeding, swish a bit of warm water around your mouth and apply gauze with gentle pressure.
- To lessen swelling, apply a cold pack to the affected area.
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen but avoid aspirin as it can increase bleeding.
- If a tooth is knocked out, try to find it and rinse it gently with water. Do not touch the root or remove any attached tissue. If possible, place the tooth back in its socket and hold it gently with your tongue or finger. If not, store the tooth in a container of milk, saliva, or water with a pinch of salt and bring it with you to the dentist.
- If a tooth is cracked, chipped, or broken, save any pieces and rinse them with water. Cover the exposed area with sugarless gum or dental wax to protect it from further damage.
- If a filling, crown, bridge, or implant is loose or missing, try to find it and bring it with you to the dentist. Do not try to reattach it yourself as it may cause more harm than good.
If you are having a dental emergency, contact the office of an emergency dentist in your local area. | <urn:uuid:fc288b4f-87bf-47fd-86d8-01b31cb82c2a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://cviewinc.com/2023/07/21/dental-emergencies-and-what-to-do-when-one-occurs/ | 2024-02-23T23:19:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.910477 | 658 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Justin Reich said:
In the [past] forty years … educational technologists have made progress in teaching parts of the curriculum that can be most easily reduced to routines, but we have made very little progress in expanding the range of what these programs can do. During those same forty years, in nearly every other sector of society, computers have reduced the necessity of performing tasks that can be reduced to a routine. Computers, therefore, are best at assessing human performance in the sorts of tasks in which humans have already been replaced by computers.
Perhaps the most concerning part of these developments is that our technology for high-stakes testing mirrors our technology for intelligent tutors. We use machine learning in a limited way for grading essays on tests, but for the most part those tests are dominated by assessment methods – multiple choice and quantitative input – in which computers can quickly compare student responses to an answer bank. We’re pretty good at testing the kinds of things that intelligent tutors can teach, but we’re not nearly as good at testing the kinds of things that the labor market increasingly rewards. In ‘Dancing with Robots,’ an excellent paper on contemporary education, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane argue that the pressing challenge of the educational system is to ‘educate many more young people for the jobs computers cannot do.’ Schooling that trains students to efficiently conduct routine tasks is training students for jobs that pay minimum wage – or jobs that simply no longer exist. | <urn:uuid:6547aa82-d636-433c-b278-24d8deb0c482> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://dangerouslyirrelevant.org/2014/07/computers-can-help-you-get-schooled-for-minimum-wage-jobs.html | 2024-02-23T22:44:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.96427 | 301 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Twin cities are settlements that have existed near one another for long periods of time while retaining separate identities — and yet, their cultures and histories are inextricably intertwined. Sometimes their borders are physical, sometimes political, and sometimes they are historical. These five sets of famous twin cities from around the world demonstrate a range of those characteristics and beyond.
Saigon & Cholon, Vietnam
The twin cities of Saigon and Cholon both have ancient histories that stretch back centuries. Saigon was once a part of ancient Cambodia until the late 1600s when it was absorbed by a growing Vietnam. The cities remained distinct under Vietnamese rule and even after they were captured by the French in 1859.
However, in 1931, the two cities were merged to form the largest and most famous city in Vietnam, Saigon-Cholon. The city was referred to by both names until 1956, when Cholon was dropped. Saigon was the Republic of Vietnam’s capital city until 1975, when it was renamed Ho Chi Minh City by the conquering North Vietnamese forces.
El Paso, Texas & Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
These two cities are divided by both the Rio Grande and the United States-Mexican border. They are so close that they were founded by the same event and then were made distinct by border disputes between the United States and Mexico. Today, the division between the two metropolis areas remains distinct, although there is active trade of goods and services over the border.
Buda & Pest, Hungary
Budapest feels like an ancient city, with structures and monuments that have been around for centuries. However, in terms of European history, Budapest is a recent addition; the city was founded only about 150 years ago, in 1873.
Budapest was formed by the merger of two ancient twin cities, Buda and Pest, which for centuries remained distinct. They developed their own unique characteristics because they were separated by the Danube River. The first bridge to connect the two cities wasn’t built until 1849, just a few decades before Buda and Pest merged.
Minneapolis & Saint Paul, Minnesota
The area occupied by Saint Paul, the capital of Minnesota, and the state’s largest city, Minneapolis, is in fact known as the Twin Cities and is the most famous twin-city pair in the United States.
While the cities share a comfortable familiarity today, they have had a history of rivalry. The construction of the Saint Paul Cathedral in 1915 led to the construction of the even more elaborate Basilica of St. Mary in 1926. Baseball games between the St. Paul Saints and the Minneapolis Millers were known to end in violence.
However, these tensions were eased by the arrival of both the Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Twins in 1961, whose identity was tied to both cities. Today, the two cities share resources and have developed a vibrant art and culinary scene.
Cairo & Giza, Egypt
Perhaps the most famous twin cities in history are those that sit across from one another on the Nile. Cairo has been a dominant center of trade, government and population for Egypt for centuries, but Giza has a resource that no place in the world does – the Pyramids.
Both cities are some of the most important tourist destinations in the world, and both have existed for thousands of years, with Giza being the older of the two. A trip to either necessitates a stop into the other, but they remain their own distinct cityscapes with an unbelievable amount of history. | <urn:uuid:33761e51-0461-4919-b4c7-8261375b22b2> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://editorialstage.triptrivia.com/5-sets-of-famous-twin-cities/ | 2024-02-23T22:21:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.980206 | 723 | 2.953125 | 3 |
On the shores of Lake Tiberias, with a temperature of 39 degrees in the sunlight, the feast of Mary Magdalene was celebrated.
On the shores of Lake Tiberias, with a temperature of 39 degrees in the sunlight, the feast of Mary Magdalene was celebrated, by Christians who came from all over Galilee, but also from Jerusalem. A feast, which for the first time is commemorating Jesus’ faithful follower on the very day dedicated to her, and in the same place that—as confirmed by archaeologists—is part of the ancient town of Magdala.
And it was also here in 2009 that the priests of the Notre Dame Institute of Jerusalem began working on the construction of a retreat center. But during the excavation work for the foundations, a first-century synagogue was uncovered. Inside of it, the so-called “stone of Magdala” was also uncovered—one of the most important archaeological finds in Israel in 50 years, according to experts. It is considered a crossroads between Jewish and Christian history. | <urn:uuid:a6d5e47c-b75a-43a6-b43c-f5d4969a2f3c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://holylandfranciscanssingapore.org/news-from-the-holy-land/the-feast-of-mary-magdalene-in-magdala/ | 2024-02-23T22:22:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.973118 | 216 | 3.125 | 3 |
The complexity of our gastrointestinal system is second to only the complexity of our brain and nervous system. The amount of research coming out about how our gastrointestinal tract can affect the overall health of our body is being released at an exponential rate. To add a layer of complexity, our body is home to trillions and trillions of bacteria with the majority of these bacteria located in our GI-tract. In fact, we have so much bacteria living on us (and in us) recent papers have reported to have (1) as high as 10 times the amount of bacterial cells on us than we do human cells (2). We are finding out every day new ways our unique bacterial fingerprint can positively or negatively affect our body’s physiology and how they can play an important role in various disease processes(3).
Although there has been studies showing the effect that microbiota transplantation or supplementation has on various diseases in humans, not much has been done for thyroid related issues. We know from certain animal studies that gastrointestinal bacteria can significantly affect selenium absorption (4). Selenium is really important for enzymes called “selenoproteins” with some of the major enzymes being iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases. These serve in various functions in the body that are important for not only proper thyroid hormone levels, but help aid immune function as well as prevent oxidative damage. Selenium has also been shown to help minimize the autoimmune tendencies iodine causes for our thyroid gland.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and your thyroid
One of the ways bacteria can compete for nutrients with us is if they reside in the area in which we allow for absorption. Our small intestine is a 20 foot runway in which around 90% of our absorption of nutrients occurs. This area of our body should be relatively sterile from bacteria and if some migrate from the large intestine (where they belong) to the small intestine they can decrease some of our absorption of nutrients. A staple with people with SIBO is their very little capacity to tolerate or absorb certain carbohydrates. One recent study done in 2016, found that 73% of patients with hypothyroid had a harder time absorbing certain carbohydrates (fructose and lactose) (5). This is a common finding in people with SIBO. Not surprisingly another paper (6) showed that around 54% of people with hypothyroidism tested positive on a breath test for SIBO.
Lipopolysaccharides and your thyroid
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are compounds found in the walls of some gram negative bacteria. These lipopolysaccharides are huge triggers of inflammation. If these LPS are released from the bacteria cell walls and make their way into the bloodstream they can affect many different systems in the body, one of them being your thyroid. LPS has been shown to induce autoimmune conditions in animal studies (7), which can destroy more of your thyroid gland if you are one of the many people with autoimmune thyroid. Other studies showed that LPS can affect the conversion of your inactive thyroid hormone (T4) to the active form (T3), particularly in the liver (8). It in in the liver that roughly 60% of active T3 comes from. LPS can effect not only the T4 to T3 conversion, but also the number of thyroid receptors in the liver(9). Also, an increase in the inflammatory LPS showed a decrease in DIO1 enzyme activity, while the DIO3 enzyme activity stayed the same. More DIO3 enzyme activity correlates with an increase in reverse T3. Reverse T3 is inactive and can lower circulating levels of active T3. The same paper also showed the LPS can effect thyroid hormone receptors specifically in our frontal lobes of our brain (10).
Bacteria can possibly effect 20% of all thyroid hormone
If you remember in our Thyroid Physiology overview video, one of the places inactive T4 needs to be converted into active T3 is in the gut. Some experts say this accounts for roughly 20% of all of our active T3. This is because some T4 and T3 is converted into certain inactive forms of T3 in the liver called T3 Sulfate (T3S) and T3 acetic acid (T3AC). Certain intestinal bacteria contain an enzyme that can help convert T3S and T3AC into the active form of T3 (11). So the intestinal environment is an important player in the production of thyroid hormones.
A healthy stomach is the first step in having a healthy intestinal environment
Bacteria can enter our GI tract primarily through ingestion. Whether we like it or not, bacteria is all around us. It is on: the food we eat, the things we touch, the people we kiss – it is everywhere. In fact many of us have pathogenic bacteria on us right now. When we eat food with bacteria on it our biggest first line of defense (besides a certain enzyme called lysozyme in our saliva) is this big acid bag we call our stomach. Our stomach should be so acidic that it should kill the good majority of the bacteria we ingest. T4 has a major role in the production of stomach acidity. In animal studies, they showed that by removing T4 you also can significantly inhibit the stomach’s ability to produce acid(12). It is no surprise then that researchers found that 1/3 of people with thyroid autoimmunity had atrophic body gastritis (a smaller inflamed stomach) (13). If we lose the ability to produce stomach acid we lose not only the ability to break down and absorb our food, but the ability to kill the bacteria we ingest. Then if these bacteria make their way through the stomach they can set up camp and colonize in our intestines. This is the basis for all hidden GI infections. The good majority of our patients have some coexisting GI infections that are contributing to their problem. One of the first steps to creating a healthy intestinal environment is to make sure your stomach is nice and acidic; sometimes certain digestive enzymes can help with this. We also do a lot of work with stress management and making sure our patients have proper nervous system control over there GI tract which can help with long-term results.
Intestinal Permeability and your Thyroid Gland
Intestinal permeability, also known as Leaky Gut, can perpetuate immune dysfunction and is also found in people with autoimmune diseases (14). One paper has found that 40% of patients with Hashimoto’s have findings of intestinal inflammation consistent to lymphocytic colitis (15). Another paper proposed that those with Hashimoto’s have alterations in their intestinal cells, particularly in the space between the gut cells and the height of the cells. (16) Though there are several nutrients that can help with a leaky gut (like: glutamine, zinc, glucosamine, and many others), the best thing you can do as a first line of defense is an elimination diet. What I usually recommend is either a Paleo style diet or a Paleo Autoimmune approach until symptoms resolve, then gradually introduce new foods one at a time. Diet is absolutely essential. You will never be able to supplement your way out of a poor diet and lifestyle. The biggest food to remove is gluten containing foods (16), as well as other grains, dairy, nightshades, and nuts and seeds. | <urn:uuid:8c2bb53a-fc7b-4866-9841-91089056449d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://ibrainandbody.com/gut-microbes-gut-inflammation-and-your-thyroid | 2024-02-23T23:10:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.941467 | 1,520 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Cucumber is one of the most popular tools for behavior driven development testing. Cucumber enables the creation of automated behavior driven development acceptance tests leveraging the Gherkin framework. Cucumber is open-source so you don’t need to worry about paying expensive licensing fees. Cucumber testing tool is written in the Ruby programming language.
What is Behavior Driven Development?
- Open communication and collaboration across roles
- Work in small iterations increasing feedback and creating business value
- Producing documentation that enables automation of user acceptance tests
BDD does not replace the Agile process but rather enhances the overall process.
Cucumber Testing Tool Benefits
- Testers will be able to write automated tests without needing in depth understanding of a programming language
- Cucumber supports multiple programming languages
- There is a high degree of reusable code
- Cucumber is quick and easy to setup
- Cucumber allows integration with Selenium, Watir, Spring, Ruby on Rails and many more
If you are looking for information on how to install Cucumber you can go to the main website located here. Cucumber is widely used so there are many programming languages across multiple platforms. It is always a good idea to install the one that closely matches your application. Some of the most common programming languages used with Cucumber are: Java, Ruby, PHP, Python, and Perl. | <urn:uuid:6a075410-fdf9-4e6b-bf7d-7e440b23d9b1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://qarevolution.com/what-is-the-cucumber-testing-tool/ | 2024-02-23T22:56:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.90473 | 288 | 2.875 | 3 |
But while swimming pools are high on the fun meter, they are also an environment where adults and children should exercise caution. According to the Pool Safety Foundation, swimming pool dangers can include injuries from slips and falls or malfunctioning equipment. Drowning is, of course, another concern. To keep yourself and your family safe, get the facts about swimming pool safety to help minimize risks and still have a splashing good time.
Essential Swimming Pool Safety Tips
Summer fun and swimming pools go hand-in-hand, especially if you are safe in the water and take proper precautions. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission notes (CPSC) that fatal and nonfatal swimming-related injuries remain high as of 2022, so “water safety vigilance is as important as ever” to keep yourself and your children safe and happy.
When you think of dangers in the water, drowning is probably the first to come to your mind, with an average of 389 drowning incidents a year, according to the CPSC. But drowning can be very preventable with proper precautions. You can minimize the risk of drowning by following a few tips from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- Always supervise children while the pool is being used.
- Arrange swimming lessons for everyone who will use the pool.
- Be aware of the pool depth and follow “no diving” restrictions in shallow pools.
- Install pool safety fences and covers to limit pool access.
- Keep lifesaving equipment, and floatation devices, close to the pool at all times.
- Learn CPR and other life-saving techniques.
- Make children wear life jackets.
- Stress proper pool behavior and limit horseplay.
- Use the buddy system.
Watch for Water Quality
Germs are everywhere. While you can try to get rid of the microscopic dangers with proper chemicals and filtering, sometimes they can cause issues. Many types of bacteria can survive in swimming pools, circulating among the swimmers. So the CDC offers a few tips to keep swimming-related illnesses from affecting you, your family, and others who are using the pool.
- Do not allow children to wear diapers when using the pool unless they are wearing swim diapers.
- Keep pets out of the pool.
- Keep the pool water properly filtered and chemically treated at all times.
- Keep water out of your mouth and dry ears.
- Refrain from using a pool if you are sick or have an open wound.
- Rinse off before and after entering the pool.
Remember, if in doubt, just stay out of the swimming pool. Pools that look questionable might not be worth it.
Avoid High Concentration Chemical Exposure
Pool chemicals are a must, right? It’s one of the key factors for keeping those nasty bacteria at bay. However, chemicals in high concentrations can pose a safety issue to swimmers. So, it’s all about balance.
Chlorine, for example, can dry and irritate the skin and aggravate asthma. These chemicals can also kill the body’s naturally beneficial bacteria if water is swallowed, potentially causing digestive problems and lowered immunity. To avoid the chemical contamination dangers of swimming pools, the National Capital Poison Center offers a few tips.
- Always wear safety equipment when handling chemicals.
- Do not increase chemical treatments to compensate for a dirty pool.
- Ensure proper ventilation.
- Follow instructions carefully when treating a pool.
- Keep chemical treatments at the proper level using testing kits.
- Keep pool chemicals properly stored and out of reach of children to avoid accidental poisonings.
- Store chemicals in a cool, dry place to avoid landscape contamination or risk of fire.
Eliminate Electric Shock Dangers
Electricity is a hidden danger of pools that you might not consider. And in truth, the risk is very low. The CPSC only notes 33 fatalities from 2002 to 2018 due to pools and electricity. But it’s still important to take necessary precautions. To avoid the risk of electrical shock in swimming pools, the CPSC provided a few important tips.
- Do not keep ungrounded electrical equipment – stereos, grills, lawn equipment, etc. – near the pool.
- Use only ground circuit fault interrupter (GCFI) outlets in the pool area.
- Stay out of the pool during lightning storms.
- Do not install pools near power lines.
- Make use of battery-operated products.
- Check underwater lights regularly.
- Don’t touch electrical products when wet.
Take Care With Food and Drinks
Pools are a central entertainment area of summer get-togethers. Snacks by the pool is as much of a summer tradition as swimming itself. Keep these points in mind when having a summer get-together that includes food or drinks.
- Do not drink alcohol or do drugs when swimming because it can impair the ability to judge distances as well as the physical coordination necessary to swim, states the CDC.
- Do not use glass containers or sharp utensils in the pool area, according to DC Parks and Recreation.
- Keep food out of the pool to avoid overtaxing the filtration system.
On a nice sunny day, there is nothing better than throwing on your suit and hitting the pool. But you don’t want to forget about the sun when it comes to your pool fun.
Individuals who spend a lot of time at the swimming pool frequently develop golden tans, but at the same time, overexposure to the sun’s radiation increases the risks of skin cancer. Furthermore, sunburns can be painful and can create open sores and blisters that can become infected. If you don’t want to get out of the pool, you can reduce the sun’s risks with a few precautions listed by the Skin Cancer Foundation.
- Apply water-resistant sunscreen every two hours while using the pool.
- Avoid staying in the sun in the late morning and afternoon hours when the sun’s rays are strongest.
- Stay in shaded lounging areas when not in the pool.
- Wear a swimsuit cover-up to limit the amount of exposed skin.
Use Care With Pool Toys
From water guns and inflatable lounges to buoys and basketball hoops, pool toys offer hours of fun entertainment for swimmers. Everyone loves to join in a good water gun fight!
Pool toy and floaties risks are one of those hidden dangers you don’t want to forget when spending the day in the pool. To keep your water gun fun safe, check out a few of the tips offered by The Children’s Hospital at Westmead.
- Check for damage and recalls.
- Check weight recommendations.
- Ensure proper fit of floaties or water wings.
- Follow assembly instructions.
- Pool toys, including water wings, are not meant to be used as lifesaving devices and are not substitutes for life jackets.
- Store toys away from the pool area when not in use.
- Supervise children with toys at all times.
- Use only toys designed for use in swimming pools.
Safety Tips for Inflatable Pools and Fun Centers
Inflatables are on the rise. You just blow them up, and you have slides, bouncing, and swimming fun. Inflatable pools, fun centers, and plastic pools are also great for little ones that aren’t perfect swimmers.
But small inflatable and plastic pools have their own set of risks that parents should be aware of. These inflatable pools can become lopsided and unbalanced. They can also become contaminated because they are filled with hose water. Furthermore, inflatable pools can collapse or blow away in severe weather. Keep any potential risks with floaties and inflatables at bay by trying out these tips from the CDC.
- Anchor the pool securely in a flat, stable location to prevent tips.
- Disinfect pools as needed.
- Do not exceed the recommended weight and other use tolerances for the pool.
- Drain the pool daily to avoid contamination from standing water.
- Inspect the pool regularly for weak points, tears, or punctures.
- Remove debris and allow the pool to air dry.
There are many different swimming pool dangers that swimmers face regularly, but with proper precautions and common sense, many risks can be minimized while still maximizing the enjoyment of a fun day at the pool. | <urn:uuid:d7b55bf7-a404-4b00-bf52-10b40f8b0dcd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://totalpoolsafetyinspections.com.au/category/pool-safety/ | 2024-02-23T23:46:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.943188 | 1,760 | 3.03125 | 3 |
- Senior Executive Lead Coaches: Drs. Harvey W. Perkins, Laurie Fanello, Kathy Kubic, Patricia Leary
- Grade Bands: All
- Delivery: In-Person (preferred), Hybrid, Virtual
- Specialized to a Population: No
- Audience: Teachers, Principals, Other School- and District-Level Administrators
The Six Steps To Success
The route to success will take you through the six critical steps of a Successful School Improvement Plan:
- Data capture and reporting
- Data analysis
- Goal and objective setting
- Action step development
- Monitoring and adjustment
- Communicating the plan
Note that these steps have bullets next to them, not
numbers. That’s because while there is a logical sequence to activities, it is
not simply a matter of working from 1 to 6 and then you’re done.
Consider the last item in the list: communicating the plan. Certainly,
you must devise an action plan before you can broadcast it to the world. The
process of developing and implementing plans that result in transformational
change, however, can’t be done in a principal’s office. It must be done in meeting
rooms, with people from all parts of the school around the table. Stakeholders must
be right there from the data gathering and analysis to the goal setting and
plan development, and of course for the monitoring and adjustment the plans. In
other words, staff are not the recipients
of a fully hatched plan communicated to them as the final step in a process.
They are active and essential participants
in the design of the plan.
Introduction to the six steps to success
Step 1: Data Capture and Reporting
Begin at the beginning: By looking at where your school is now. The first step is to collect and organize information that provides direction for the development of new strategies and action steps. Two types of data are needed. One is historical data related to academics, the school environment and community collaboration. The second is information about the perceptions, experiences, beliefs, and values of members of the school staff, which will be gathered by way of surveys.
Step 2: Data Analysis
With the data collected and tabulated, the focus shifts to determining what it means. Here you will look at trends over time, indicators of strengths and weaknesses, and evidence of how experiences and outcomes vary for different groups within your school.
Step 3: Goal and Objective Setting
In this step you formulate the goals that will take you from where you are now to where you want to be, as summed up in your vision and in the expectations and targets set for you by your state and school district. Then, you break those goals down into annual objectives that will focus your school’s attention on the next step forward and the year ahead.
Step 4: Action Step/Task Development
This step brings you deep into the “how” of achieving your goals. You lay out the specific actions, activities, programs, and strategies you will undertake to reach your objectives. This is your activity plan.
Step 5: Monitoring and Adjusting the Plan
Simply stated, “What gets measured gets done!” For that reason, one of the key pieces of your improvement plan will be determining how you will monitor that the activity is undertaken and whether it is effective. Under this monitoring component, you spell out what process information the team will collect throughout the year to ensure that the action steps listed are being carried out and when interim reports on the progress of action steps will be reported to the faculty. Remember, less is more, and your plans will focus on your mission-critical needs. The purpose of limiting the action steps to a few well-researched strategies is to increase the likelihood that they will actually be delivered, consistently and conscientiously. If interim data is collected that suggests the strategy should be modified, the team should make adjustments as soon as possible. You certainly do not want to keep following a failing strategy simply because it’s written into a plan.
Step 6: Communicating the Plan
The school improvement plan you develop will be the cornerstone of your school’s communication to both internal and external audiences throughout the year. Daily and weekly communications to staff should include reminders and updates on the plan and its action steps. Grade level, team and department meetings need to focus on the new interventions spelled out in the plan. Monitoring dates and process data should be a part of the regular dialogue that takes place in your building.
The kind of change that transforms the spirit and
performance of an organization can only happen if the day-to-day dialogue keeps
the change strategy alive — and top of mind as people go about their work. Communicating
the plan and its progress in creative and engaging ways can make the difference
between failure and success.
External publics need to be aware of the school’s commitment
to excellence and how it is working to attain its goal. Business and community
partners need to know that the school is on a continuous improvement journey
and specifically what the targets are for each year. Often these partners can
provide incentives and support for strategies in the plan.
Parents can be more supportive of school efforts if they are
aware of specific initiatives to increase student achievement or create a safer
learning environment. Use your school improvement plan as a public relations tool
Critical Notes on School Change:
Reform is not a “once and done” undertaking. It can’t be.
Altering anything as complex as a school is far too complicated a process. It
would be naïve to think that the first intervention could resolve matters once
and for all. Systems are complex. Players change. New demands materialize. A thoughtfully
planned and well-executed intervention will get change off to a good start, but
two things are necessary: to monitor the effects it has, and to take corrective
and additional action as needed.
The approach laid out here is more looping than linear. Consider,
for example, being where you’ll be soon: You have worked through the first
points on the Successful School Action Plan sequence outlined above, you have a
plan in the “live” stage, and you’re monitoring how it is working. You’ll have
to capture and analyze data to gauge its effect, which takes you back to the
first and second bullet points. Depending on what your analysis shows, you may adjust
your objectives (the third point), revise your action plan (the fourth) and
cycle through the process all over again.
The process is a feedback loop,
not a straight line. The decision of what interventions to make is based on detailed
assessment of where the school is now. Those interventions change where you
are. You must continually assess to determine both how well an intervention is
working and what you should do next.
For example, if your
self-diagnosis indicates that there is a lack of alignment between curriculum
and assessment in mathematics, you will work to bring what you teach in line
with what students are assessed on. To see whether the alignment has had the
desired effect, it will be necessary to look at whether there’s a change in the
assessment results. The next round of math tests might indicate, for example,
that after revising what is taught, students are doing better with math
operations but still have trouble with applications. That will point to the
need to go back, figure out whether the problem is with curriculum or
instructional methods, and make the necessary changes — and check to see what
the effect is.
Similarly, you might find in your
initial self assessment (as many schools do) that some teachers have different
expectations of different groups of students. After you have addressed this,
through attention to the moral code and professional development, you will need
to reexamine achievement and behavior data to see if there has been a change.
If there is any group that
understands this iterative, data-driven assessment loop, it’s educators.
Through assignments, questions, quizzes, tests and observation, teachers
continually check whether children are mastering the skills and information being
covered. Where there are problems, teachers circle back and address the need —
at least they do in effective schools.
The process of school reform is
similar. Assess, intervene, reassess, and respond. Repeat as necessary.
That’s how schools move from a chaotic
atmosphere to an orderly environment and on to one that is truly nurturing and
challenging. It’s how schools move from having too many students who barely make
it over the academic bar to having many who soar above the bar at a high level.
It’s how schools move from an environment in which teachers feel demoralized to
one where they are eager to join the team.
Change Takes Time.
Re-assessment does not always reveal the need to keep
fine-tuning an action plan. Sometimes it reveals that an intervention, whether
it focuses on teaching reading or on character development, has been
successful. Then it’s time to move on to the next challenge.
For most schools, becoming truly successful in a
standards-based environment is not a one-round, one-year process. It is a multi-year
The process laid out in this guide will help you decide
where your biggest and most immediate needs area, where to concentrate first.
Once those issues are addressed, you will move on to other needs that weren’t
as pressing but must be addressed if you and your students are to be as
successful as you can be. Because schools’ rhythms are driven by an annual
calendar, it makes sense to set big goals and then break them down into annual
objectives and plans.
Less Is More
With all the demands on schools,
demands that will only heat up as state standards and the accountability they
bring start driving daily life, it’s essential that any tools held out to educators
be efficient as well as effective.
That is one of the key features
of the proven model for school success — the SAME Model, for Social, Academic
and Moral Education — and the process for implanting it. It helps schools concentrate
on their priorities and avoid wasting energy and resources on interventions
that are not mission critical.
Time is a limited resource, and
so are money, staff energy, and the number of things that can really be
priorities. It only makes sense to work in ways that maximize the return on the
investment and involvement of all the stakeholders in school reform.
Getting Your Team On Board
A leader cannot “fix” a school. Only a school can fix a school — although certainly, leadership is essential to their ability to do so.
The secret to developing a plan that will make meaningful and sustained change in your school, and for your students, is working with your teachers and other staff.
That doesn’t mean turning the process over and hoping for the best. Transforming your school, and how it works for the adults and the children in it, is a complex process … and the stakes are high. It is a process that will require both inspiring leadership and attentive, skilled management. It would be nearly impossible to overstate the importance of effective leadership on the part of the principal and other key school-level leaders. Change is not a linear process — but it is a collaborative one.
It also would not be possible to overstate how important it is that that leadership be exercised within a distributed leadership environment. That is one in which the shaping and doing of the work, the accountability and obligations, are shared not just among those in the school office, but by everyone on staff.
Distributed leadership is an essential part of the Social, Academic and Moral Education Model. ULLC coaches will explain the rationale and value for sharing responsibility for a school, providing information about what it looks like when it’s in place, why it’s so rewarding to work in such an environment, and how to bring it to life in your school. Before you can tackle the moral, social and academic aspects of your school, you have to start with a spirit of collaboration and shared responsibility, and you have to develop a team.
You must move from a traditional organization to an empowered organization; the difference is visible in a glance in the accompanying images as the organizational pyramid is turned upside down in and the weight becomes concentrated on front-line, not in the executive office.
Your school’s plan and the strategies for implementing it must be developed, collectively, by staff — in a process guided and facilitated by the principal. They cannot be imposed, top-down, in a dictatorial fashion from the front office. Teachers and other staff must feel that they are an essential part of the process, and they must act like they’re an essential part of the process — they must truly “get it,” where “it” is the necessity of, the opportunity for and the approach to school-wide transformation.
This approach isn’t bottom-up any more than it is top down. It is one in which the bottom and top work together toward a mutually productive middle. That ensures that your plan is informed by the in-depth understanding of students and colleagues that those on the front line of education — the classroom — bring to the process.
It also ensures that they have an investment in making the plan, their creation, work. It means that it has a higher probability of success than a plan that comes down from on high.
The most effective way to think of the school leader’s role is “coach.” That term pulls together all the implications of leadership and management, along with the critical jobs of inspiring the team, developing their skills, getting them working together, keeping them focused — and calling strategy. ULLC coaches will provide you with material to help you present information to your team and lead them through the process of assessing your school’s needs and developing plans and strategies to address them.
As you put together your team, be sure to include:
- People from all corners of your school: classroom and resource teachers from all grades and content areas; and from regular, special and gifted or honors education; guidance counselors and social workers; nurses; and support staff.
- A representative mix across gender, ethnicity, and age.
- Change agents who can help bring their wait-and-see colleagues along.
- Your most effective teachers, as evidenced by the performance of their students and their skilled use of a variety of instructional and assessment methods.
- Teachers who are successful with challenging students, especially disadvantaged and minority students and those who present classroom management problems.
- Teachers who aren’t as successful, so the strategies that are planned can be responsive to their needs.
- Staff members who are committed to the goal of a high-performing school.
- Your school’s opinion leaders. Consider including resistors as well as champions of change. It may be better to have potential naysayers at the table, where they can feel like they have some investment in the change process, then behind closed doors talking against it.
- Representatives of the community served by your school, including the business community.
- In high schools, at least one student representative.
[if !mso][endif]The principal can designate some of the work, but not the title of head coach. The principal’s role is to:
- Communicate a clear and compelling vision of excellence for your school.
- Set clear goals for the process and communicate an unflinching commitment to attaining them.
- Keep the focus on action, so the effort doesn’t stall out or devolve into “process” instead of outcomes.
- Articulate and reinforce a commitment to high standards of all — students, teachers, and administrators.
- Be a facilitator, model, and inspirer of the process of inquiry, of taking a hard look at where your school is now, what it could be and how to get there.
- Ask leading questions instead of prescribing answers.
- Be the chief cheerleader and celebrator of achievements, even small steps toward big goals.
- Be the truth teller and keep people from taking refuge in platitudes and pretences, in excuses and justifications for performance that falls short of what it should be. Ask hard questions and direct attention to hard truths.
- Promote the spirit of collective inquiry, collective responsibility, and collective decision-making. Make the process welcoming and meaningful to participants.
- Model, expect and insist on a process that is inclusive of all school members.
As the team begins work, it can
add people for specific activities, like gathering and analyzing data or
planning academic interventions. With a core team to provide stability, drawing
people in will help increase the number of people who have an investment in the
plan — and its success.
The core team should meet at
least monthly, although more frequent meetings may be needed during times of
intense activity, such as when the mission and vision statements are being
ironed out. Even after the action plans are developed and in place, monthly
meetings will be necessary for monitoring and fine-tuning as the plan goes
Meetings should be held at
various times to accommodate staff, parents and community representatives.
Minutes should be prepared and distributed to all faculty and staff to keep
them in the loop and encourage engagement and dialogue.
ULLC has developed a rubric by which schools can measure
their current effectiveness in school improvement planning. This provides a
yardstick for school leaders to analyze current practices and point to areas where
the ULLC coach can provide direction going forward. | <urn:uuid:7d1741a9-c675-40d0-822d-f3d6db612e05> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://ullcschools.com/leading-school-improvement/ | 2024-02-24T00:44:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.962606 | 3,740 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Preface Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:09 PM
The city of Libreville lies along an estuary just north of the
Equator on central Africa’s Atlantic coast. A charming but sleepy
small town for many years, Libreville grew rapidly in the 1980s as
the Gabonese economy, fueled by petroleum production, expanded. That
growth has slowed in recent years with the steady decrease in
Gabonese petroleum production.
Libreville’s population is an estimated 450,000, including more
than 6,000 Europeans. Colonial-style buildings that once
predominated have given way to multistory offices and apartments.
Residential districts, where modern apartment buildings and houses
abut African huts with corrugated iron roofs, surround the downtown
core of the city. One side of the city is bounded by an estuary with
palm-lined beaches; on the other side, new construction has pushed
back the dense equatorial rain forest which covers 85% of Gabon’s
At a small post like Libreville, you can expect to obtain a
broad, overall view of an Embassy and simultaneously focus on your
own specialty. Because few Gabonese speak English, a posting here
also offers you a chance to learn or perfect your French, the
country’s official language.
The Host Country
Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:08 PM
Gabon straddles the Equator on the west coast of Central Africa,
bordered by Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of Cameroon on the
north, and by the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) on the east
and south. Gabon covers about 102,300 square miles, roughly the size
of Colorado, or half the size of France.
Heavy equatorial rain forests cover nearly 85% of Gabon, with
savanna areas in the southeastern and southwestern sections of the
country covering an additional 10%. The remaining area is composed
of bodies of water and developed areas. The Ogooue River, the
largest river in West Africa between the Niger and the Congo, drains
most of Gabon. Winding in a broad arc from southeastern Gabon to the
country’s Atlantic coast, the Ogooue cuts through three major
geographical regions: the coastal lowlands, the plateau region, and
The coastal lowlands lie along the Atlantic Ocean and extend up
into the river valleys that slice through the broad interior
plateau. The lowlands are lined with beaches and lagoons that are
fringed with mangrove swamps; forests extend from the banks of the
broad, slow-moving rivers and cover most of the lowland areas.
Inland the terrain rises to a plateau, and in some areas to
mountains as high as 5,000 feet. Although dominated by large tracts
of thick forest, the interior of the country offers scenery of great
beauty, including mountains, rolling hills, forests, and scattered
The climate is hot and humid during most of the year and is
typically equatorial. High temperatures range from 75°F to 82°F in
the dry seasons and from 86°F to 93°F in the rainy seasons. Four
distinguishable seasons are evident, although they vary somewhat
each year: the long dry season from late May until mid-September;
the short rainy season from mid-September until mid-December; the
short dry season from mid-December through January; and the long
rainy season from February until late May. Rainfall in Libreville is
about 115 inches a year (the U.S. average is about 40 inches); the
largest amounts fall in October, November, March, and April. The
humidity is always high. The summer months, as in the southern
hemisphere, are the coolest time of the year.
Population Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:09 PM
With an estimated 1.2 million inhabitants, Gabon has one of the
smallest populations in Africa. Its population density (an average
of four persons per square mile) is also among Africa’s lowest. The
people are concentrated along the rivers and roads, while large
areas of the heavily forested interior lie empty. During the past
century, the country’s population actually declined due to disease
and related factors. Increased medical care and social services have
halted this trend, but the population growth rate is still low.
Economic development has been hampered in part by the resulting
labor shortage, which has prompted a large influx of laborers from
other parts of central and West Africa.
The capital city of Libreville, with its estimated 450,000
inhabitants (including over 6,000 Europeans), is a blend of modern,
multi-story structures, one-story houses, and neighborhoods of
concrete and wooden shanties. The city stretches in a long, narrow
belt between the seacoast and the forest on an estuary linking the
Como River with the Atlantic.
Port-Gentil, with an estimated population of 100,000, is on the
Delta of the Ogooue River. It has long been considered the economic
capital of Gabon, since it is the center of the petroleum and
plywood industries and Gabon’s busiest port. Franceville, in the
country’s southeastern corner, is the third largest urban area in
Gabon, with an estimated 30,000 inhabitants.
Almost all Gabonese are members of the Bantu language group. Over
40 ethnic groups have separate languages or dialects and different
cultures. The largest group is the Fang, who comprise about
one-third of the population. The other major groups are the Bapounou
(22%), M’Bete (14%), Bandjabi (11%), Bakota (6%), and Myene (5%).
The remainder of the population is divided among over 30 other
ethnic groups, including some 2,000 Pygmies. French, the official
national language, is a unifying force. Official church statistics
count more than 400,000 Catholics and over 100,000 Protestants.
A small but influential Gabonese Muslim population, which
includes the President and a number of members of the Government, is
augmented by a larger Muslim population made up of Cameroonian and
other non-Gabonese Africans. The remaining 40% of the population is
Outside the major towns and cities the people are grouped in
small or moderate-sized villages and live in square, wooden or
mud-wattle houses surrounded by small plots of manioc and stands of
banana trees. Gabonese men and women throughout the country
generally wear Western clothing. The large numbers of African
expatriates often wear colorful traditional clothing.
Public Institutions Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:10 PM
In the early 1990s, Gabon moved toward a multi-party democracy.
It has a presidential form of government. The President is elected
by universal suffrage for a 7-year term. The President appoints the
Prime Minister and other members of the government. Gabon’s current
President, El-Hadj Omar Bongo, who assumed office in 1967, is one of
the world’s longest-serving heads of state.
Gabon’s bicameral parliament consists of a National Assembly with
120 deputies elected for 5-year terms and a Senate with 91 senators
elected to 6-year terms. The Parti Democratique Gabonais (PDG), once
the sole vehicle for political and social expression, has been
joined by a number of political parties competing for seats in the
legislature. The PDG still dominates the political scene and has
women’s and youth branches at all levels. The other political
parties are at various stages of development and organization.
The country’s constitution established an independent Supreme
Court whose judges are appointed by the President. Administratively,
the country is divided into 9 provinces headed by governors, and
further subdivided into 36 prefectures. The President appoints both
governors and prefects.
Aside from the Chamber of Commerce (closely allied to the
government and French business interests) and the Rotary and Lions
Clubs, few social and/or philanthropic organizations exist.
Independent organizations like Scouts or the Red Cross are
Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:11 PM
Gabon’s intellectual, technological, and artistic life closely
follows French models, although a Gabonese perspective in these
fields is slowly emerging. The Omar Bongo University, founded in
1970, offers a degree to students in faculties of letters and
humanities, sciences, economics, law, and engineering. Other
post-secondary institutions include the Ecole Normale Superieure,
Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forets, Ecole des Cadres Ruraux, Ecole
Nationale d’Administration, Centre Universitaire des Sciences de la
Sante, and Ecole Normale d’Enseignement Technique, while the Ecole
Nationale d’Art et de Manufacture offers secondary school-level
training in various arts and crafts.
Traditional Gabonese art (mainly from the Fang, Bakota, and
Bapounou ethnic groups) is among the finest in Africa, but
unfortunately is largely unobtainable in Gabon. The Fangs and the
Bakotas have for many years ceased to produce their famous reliquary
figures, and almost all of the old pieces have gone abroad. Some
small and isolated tribes, like the Mitsoghos, still produce some
ritual masks and fetishes. Immigrant artisans from neighboring
African countries have begun to emulate traditional Gabonese art
styles for sale in the local markets.
Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:12 PM
Gabon has an abundance of natural resources that contribute to a
relatively prosperous economy, but the country has not been
successful in transforming its economy beyond primary materials
extraction. The extensive forests, which cover 85% of Gabon, were
the original mainstay of the economy. Now, tropical woods constitute
only 13% of exports, having long ago been overtaken by development
of the oil industry. In 2000, oil comprised 81% of exports and 30%
of GDP. Few recent discoveries have been made, however, and annual
oil production is rapidly declining from a peak of 18 million tons
in 1997. The country’s third important extractive industry is
mining, with manganese representing about 2% of total exports. Once
important uranium production has now all but ceased.
Despite decades of significant oil revenues, income distribution
and infrastructure development in Gabon remain poor. The bulk of the
Gabonese economy is oriented toward foreign trade. The value of
Gabonese exports in 2000 was about $2.6 billion, while imports
totaled about $1 billion. France remains by far Gabon’s principal
supplier (about 45 percent of Gabonese imports) while the U.S. is
the largest customer of Gabonese exports (primarily because of oil
purchases). U.S. imports constitute about 11% or Gabon’s total, with
the U.S. commercial presence concentrated primarily in the oil,
banking, and computers/ software sectors. There is continuing
potential for U.S. sales in aviation and telecommunications.
Automobiles Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:13 PM
Due to the limited availability of safe local public
transportation, a private car is a necessity for those assigned to
Libreville, and 4 x 4’s are recommended for those planning to
venture outside of the city. Cars may be shipped from abroad on
travel orders or purchased duty free from local suppliers. The
shipment of foreign-made cars at government expense between posts is
authorized. New cars are expensive in Libreville because the high
shipping costs are included in the sales price. The most inexpensive
way to buy a car locally is to purchase from another diplomat, but
opportunities are limited. No restrictions exist on the sale of
personally owned vehicles, but duty must be paid if the car is sold
to a person not entitled to duty-free entry privileges.
Personnel planning to ship vehicles to Gabon should advise the
Embassy before making final arrangements. Cars belonging to
individuals not on the diplomatic list must be registered as Embassy
official vehicles in order to qualify for duty-free entry.
The Embassy’s Administrative Section will assist Mission
personnel in obtaining a Gabonese driver’s license. The shipping
assistant will assist with car registration, as well as with
obtaining local car insurance. Third-party liability insurance is
mandatory and must be bought locally at a cost of about $200 per
year. Although collision insurance is available locally, it is
usually cheaper to buy it from a U.S. company prior to arrival.
If you bring an American car, consider including commonly
required spare parts such as new tires, spark plugs, light bulbs,
hoses, belts, clutch disk, ignition points, muffler, water pump, oil
pump, wiper blades and shock absorbers, all of which are expensive
locally and may be unavailable.
Service for American-made cars is also available through a local
General Motors dealership that has operated in Libreville since
1995. The full-service dealership offers a fully stocked spare parts
warehouse, vehicle maintenance services, body repair and an advanced
garage with GM diagnostic computers, tools and GM-qualified
mechanics. There is also a Ford dealership, as well as numerous
servicing facilities for European- and Japanese-made cars.
Local Transportation Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:14 PM
Taxis are readily available and inexpensive. Taxi drivers pick up
anyone going in their general direction. The result is often a
lengthy, crowded ride before you reach your destination. If you find
an empty taxi, you can keep it for yourself by paying extra (you
must specify “course”). Car rental is available through Avis, Europe
Car, Hertz, several local independent companies, and different car
Business Infrastructure. Most international travelers arriving in
or leaving Libreville use Air France’s non-stop flight from Paris.
Air Afrique, Air Gabon, Air São Tomé et Principe, Ecuato Guineana de
Aviacion, Lina Congo, Royal Air Maroc, Inter Air, and Cameroon
Airlines provide service to many regional capitals, but often
require an indirect routing. Travel to the U.S. necessarily involves
a change of planes in Europe, Morocco, or South Africa. Libreville
International Airport is not far from downtown. Domestic air service
links Libreville to provincial capitals such as Port-Gentil,
Franceville, and Oyem.
Regional Transportation Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:15 PM
No cruise ships call at Libreville, though accommodations can at
times be arranged on cargo vessels traveling north or south along
the coast. These accommodations require advance booking and
considerable flexibility in travel. Passenger service on the
Transgabon Railroad is available between Libreville and Franceville,
with a stop near La Lope, a game reserve located about 5 hours
Only 700 kilometers of Gabon’s 7,000 kilometers of roadway are
paved. During the dry season, it is possible to travel to some of
the interior by road in two-wheel-drive vehicles, but four-wheel
drive is a necessity once the rains begin in earnest.
Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:16 PM
Local- and long-distance telephone service is available 24 hours
daily with sporadic outages. Long-distance telephone service is good
but expensive; calls to the U.S. cost $3 per minute. AT&T
long-distance calling service is available. Many Mission personnel
subscribe to callback services, which tend to be the most economical
way to call the U.S. Cell phone service has expanded in recent
years. A rechargeable cell phone can be purchased for $100; calling
cards run from $5–$20. Telegraph service is usually available to
most parts of the world during normal working hours at the post
office, and until noon on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, but is
not available at night. The Embassy switchboard telephone number is
country code (241) 76–20–03 or 76–20–04. For emergencies after
hours, dial (241) 74–34–92 to contact the Embassy guard.
Internet Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:16 PM
Internet service is available at home for a one-time charge of
about $15, plus a per-minute connection charge that can add up
quickly. The Internet functions slowly during peak periods (8 a.m.
to 8 p.m.) and has limited downloading capabilities. Internet
service is also sometimes nonfunctional for days on end due to
“maintenance.” The national telephone company asserts that Internet
connection speeds and availability will improve when ongoing
construction of a submarine fiber-optic cable connection is
Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:17 PM
Regular air and sea mail service exists between Libreville and
the U.S. via the diplomatic pouch and the Gabonese postal system.
Transit time for international airmail to the U.S. is erratic, and
the service should not be considered reliable; pouch mail transit
time from the U.S. is 10–20 days. An international airmail letter to
the U.S. costs about $1.20. Packages can also be sent to the U.S.
via courier services such as DHL, for about $8–$10 per pound.
Packages, newspapers, and magazines from the U.S. can be mailed to
the Department for forwarding through pouch facilities. These items
normally arrive in 2–3 weeks. International surface mail takes 3
months or longer. The correct mailing addresses for State Department
official personnel are as follows:
International Mail: Ambassade des Etats-Unis d’Amerique B.P. 4000
Pouch: Department of State 2270 Libreville Place Washington, D.C.
20521–2270 (Use ZIP code 20521–2270 for all pouch mail, including
packages and publications.)
Radio and TV Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:18 PM
Gabonese AM and FM radio stations broadcast around the clock (in
French) and carry Radio France Internationale and some VOA
broadcasts. For additional VOA, BBC, and other services, a
multi-band short-wave radio is needed. Bring radio equipment from
the U.S., as it is expensive locally. Gabonese television broadcasts
from early morning to late evening on four channels. Daily news
programs cover local and international events, and full-length films
(always in French) are shown frequently. Embassy housing includes
free AFRTS hookups. Pay cable-TV and satellite services are also
available providing CNN, TNT, SuperSport, and several French and
South African stations. American TV sets (NTSC mode) are not
compatible with local broadcasts. Multisystem TVs and VCRs that can
receive, play or tape in U.S. and SECAM modes are preferred.
A video club at the American International School carries
American VHS tapes. Libreville also offers a number of commercial
video clubs, but their tapes are VHS–SECAM and are recorded or
dubbed in French. The Embassy participates in the Navy Motion
Picture Program, with a current-run film shown every Friday night.
Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated:
2/12/2004 2:18 PM
L’Union, a multi-page, French-language newspaper, is published
daily with a modicum of international news. Several other newspapers
associated with various local political parties/associations are
also available. The Embassy receives the International Herald
Tribune 1–5 days after the publication date. Time and Newsweek are
available at local newsstands, as are French papers and magazines.
Subscriptions to Time and Newsweek from Europe arrive fairly
regularly each week. Other magazine subscriptions should be sent
through the diplomatic pouch. Local newsstands are well stocked with
French newspapers and periodicals, but English-language publications
are difficult to find locally.
Health and Medicine
Medical Facilities Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:19 PM
The Embassy shares a small Health Unit with the Peace Corps. A
trained English-speaking doctor is available 25 hours a week. The
Regional Medical Officer, located in Lagos, Nigeria, visits
Libreville twice a year. Libreville offers adequate medical
facilities for ordinary problems, though nursing care may be poor.
In addition to a large public hospital, expatriate (usually French
or Moroccan) physicians staff several private clinics, including the
Polyclinique El-Rapha, inaugurated in early 2000. The clinic
includes an MRI, CAT scan, and ICU, and has been used by the Embassy
employees with favorable results. Taken together, these various
facilities include among their medical personnel a number of
specialists (in areas such as obstetrics/ gynecology, dermatology,
and pediatrics) as well as general practitioners and can cope with a
wide variety of routine medical problems. Several private dentists
practice in Libreville. The Department of State still recommends a
medevac for delivery of a child, for surgery, and for other medical
problems for which no specialist is available locally. The nearest
medevac point is Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 hours away by plane.
Very few medical professionals in Libreville speak English.
Community Health Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:20 PM
The level of community sanitation in Libreville is poor compared
to that in the U.S. Garbage, for example, is theoretically picked up
three times per week, but the overflowing trash cans and improvised
garbage dumps found in every residential neighborhood testify to the
inadequacy of garbage collection. Snakes (some of them poisonous)
and rats are present in some parts of the city. Insects are an
irritating problem and can never be completely eliminated, but
screening and the use of insecticides can keep the home relatively
Preventive Measures Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:20 PM
Gabon has all of the diseases common to tropical Africa: malaria,
tuberculosis, leprosy, dengue fever, sleeping sickness, etc. AIDS is
a growing problem. You should be inoculated against hepatitis,
tetanus, yellow fever, typhoid, polio and rabies (optional) prior to
your arrival. Malaria suppressants should be taken for 2–3 weeks
before arrival and regularly thereafter while in Gabon. The English
physician provides malaria suppressants for staff members and can
renew all shots in Libreville. The warm, humid climate itself has a
tiring effect, making ample rest and drinking plenty of fluids
essential. The climate and the lack of specialized medical attention
can also aggravate respiratory, intestinal, or dermatological
ailments. The Ebola virus has caused deaths among humans and
primates, but outbreaks that occurred in 1994, 1996, and 2001 were
generally restricted to remote jungle villages in eastern Gabon.
Water in Libreville is safe but all water outside the city should
be treated prior to drinking. Distillers are provided for all
personnel and, if used, should be cleaned regularly. Many personnel
prefer to peel raw fruits and treat raw vegetables with a bleach
solution before eating them.
Employment for Spouses and Dependents Last Updated: 2/12/2004
The Mission is usually successful in finding employment for
interested family members, four of whom worked for the Embassy in
2001. Other possibilities include the American International School,
Citibank, and the American oil company, Amerada Hess. There are also
three American-run institutes for teaching English in Libreville. A
knowledge of French is extremely useful in seeking employment.
American Embassy - Libreville
Post City Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:22 PM
Libreville is an eclectic city that in the 1970s changed from a
sleepy town reminiscent of the colonial era into a small metropolis.
In the 1980s the entire city underwent a remake, filling the skyline
with new multistory office and apartment buildings. The city’s
international class hotels are the Okoume Palace Inter- Continental,
Meridien Re-Ndama, and Residences Maisha. Libreville is situated
along a protected estuary with about 12 miles of beaches, the
northern reaches of which are considered safest for swimming. The
high annual rainfall encourages the growth of lush tropical
vegetation even in the city, offering a constant reminder of the
There are several large, well-stocked supermarkets as well as a
number of smaller markets and specialty shops, including stores that
sell only American products. Since nearly all of the products in the
stores are imported from Europe and South Africa, prices are high by
The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:22 PM
The Chancery is located in a remodeled bank overlooking the
estuary near the heart of the city. The Administrative, Economic and
Consular Sections are housed in newly renovated offices next to the
Chancery. The Chancery telephone numbers are (country code 241)
76–20–03/04 and 74–34–92.
A Special Embassy Program (SEP) post, Libreville is organized
along traditional Embassy lines. The Ambassador is accredited to
both the Republic of Gabon and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé
and Principe, an island nation about 200 miles to the west of
Libreville in the Gulf of Guinea. In addition to the Ambassador, a
Deputy Chief of Mission, a Consular/Economic Officer, a Political
Officer, and one American Office Management Specialist make up the
State program personnel. The Embassy’s Administrative Section is
headed by the Administrative Officer and consists of a General
Services Officer, two Information Management Officers, and local
employees. The Embassy opened a Defense Attaché Office in the fall
of 2001, with two American military personnel permanently assigned.
An RSO is scheduled for assignment to post in August 2002.
Peace Corps first came to Gabon in 1963. About 60 volunteers
currently work in environmental, agricultural and health programs.
The majority of the volunteers are located in the interior of the
country. Peace Corps Gabon staff includes a country director and two
associate directors. The large Voice of America Relay Station on the
Island of São Tomé‚ includes three American employees and a number
of local employees.
Personal checks can be cashed by the Embassy cashier.
Cashier hours are Monday, Wednesday and Friday: 10:00 a.m. to
noon. Embassy office hours are Monday through Thursday from 8:00
a.m. to 5:15 p.m. and Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:23 PM
Personnel assigned to Libreville normally move directly into
permanent quarters. If this is not possible, new arrivals are lodged
in a local hotel. Notify the Embassy of your arrival date at least 2
weeks in advance so that suitable accommodations can be assured.
Permanent Housing Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:24 PM
All Embassy personnel are assigned to furnished,
Government-leased or -owned quarters. Most U.S. diplomats are placed
in U.S. Government-owned housing at the Sabliere Compound, which is
located 7 miles north of downtown Libreville, close to the airport.
The compound, situated directly on the beach, includes six
attractive townhouses, of which three have three bedrooms and three
have two bedrooms. The residences are air-conditioned and completely
furnished, including rugs and draperies.
Compound residents enjoy a common play area, large garden,
swimming pool, and BBQ/bar area. The compound is nicely landscaped
and ideal for children. The pool area was inaugurated in March 1999
and consists of a lap-size pool, children’s pool, bar, barbecue, and
changing rooms. The grounds are attractively lighted for evening
entertainment and residents often hold parties and barbecues.
The DCM’s 4-bedroom and Administrative Officer’s 5-bedroom
residences are attractive, spacious, short-term leased properties
located between the Sabliere Compound and downtown Libreville.
The Ambassador’s residence, a U.S. Government-owned property, is
an elegant, spacious, two-story house located on the beach near the
airport. The entire property has been landscaped and fenced. A paved
driveway, ample parking space, and a three-car garage are provided.
The main house has six bedrooms, eight baths, two studies, and large
dining and living rooms. A large, well-equipped kitchen and staff
housing complete the floor plan. The garden features a variety of
flowering plants and trees. Spacious patios on the sea side of the
house overlook a swimming pool and adjoining cabana.
Furnishings Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:25 PM
Since furnished quarters are provided for all Government
personnel, furniture need not be brought to post. The allowance for
the shipment of household effects is limited accordingly. All
quarters contain basic furniture, including lamps, area rugs, and
draperies. High chairs are not supplied. Most floors are ceramic
tile. All bedroom and living room areas are air-conditioned, and all
quarters have a freezer, refrigerator, dishwasher, washer, dryer,
dehumidifiers, microwave, and cooking range with oven. Bring linens,
plenty of dishes and glassware, plastic storage containers, ironing
board and ironing board covers, pots and pans, cutlery, ice trays
and kitchen utensils, as well as patio chairs, musical and sports
equipment, books, art objects, pictures, etc. The air-conditioning
and dehumidifiers help to protect most objects from humidity and
mildew, but frequent cleaning and vacuuming are necessary. Household
effects are generally transported in liftvans or, whenever possible,
containers. Liftvans, in particular, should be waterproofed as
thoroughly as possible to avoid moisture or water damage, especially
during the rainy season.
Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:25 PM
All Government quarters have hot and cold running water in
kitchens and bathrooms. All quarters have adequate bathroom
facilities. Electricity has now been standardized at 220/230v; 110v
current can be obtained only with the use of transformers. Some
transformers can be provided by the Embassy for 110v equipment. Tape
recorders, record players, and any other electrical products should
be adjusted to 50 cycles before coming to post. In addition, bring
voltage regulators to protect stereo and computer equipment, since
the current fluctuates wildly during frequent electrical storms, and
local prices for regulators are exorbitant. Bring a good supply of
adapter plugs for electrical appliances and lamps. U.S. TV sets
(NTSC system) are incompatible with local broadcasts (SECAM). TV
sets capable of receiving Gabonese programming are available
locally, but are expensive; alternatively, multisystem TVs can be
purchased through catalogs such as AAFES, or specialized export
stores in the U.S.
Food Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:26 PM
Post currently receives a consumables allowance. Most food in
Libreville is imported from Europe or from other parts of Africa and
is therefore expensive. Tropical and imported fresh fruits and
vegetables are readily available in the stores. Local fresh fruit
and vegetables are sold in the many markets and on fruit stands. The
selection of meat (mostly frozen) is very good. Dairy products,
including processed, long-life milk imported from Europe, are
generally available at all times, but fresh milk is not available.
Baby food is available locally. Some American products such as cake
mixes, chips, and syrup, can be difficult to find. Most food items
are available, if expensive, but ethnic and other specialty foods
should be included in the consumables shipment. Freezers are
provided for all employees, and are commonly used for storing flour
and other staples as well as for frozen goods. Airtight plastic food
containers are highly recommended to protect foodstuffs against
insect spoilage. Plastics purchased locally are expensive and of
Clothing Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:26 PM
Lightweight clothing is worn year round, but bring a few light
sweaters for the evenings during the dry season. Long sleeve shirts
and lightweight long pants are useful to protect against mosquitoes.
Mission personnel often order clothing and shoes via catalog or the
Internet. Many have also purchased material locally and have had
favorable results with local tailors. Bring a sewing machine,
notions, fabrics and patterns if you enjoy sewing. Several stores
sell fabric, including a large selection of African-style prints
sold in 6-meter lengths called “pagnes.” Dress patterns should be
brought with you.
Men Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:27 PM
Officers need at least five or six summer-weight suits, including
at least one or two dark suits for government functions and official
dinners. Much entertaining is informal, with slacks (or even shorts)
and sport shirts the standard dress. Bring an ample supply of dress
and sport shirts, shorts, underwear, shoes, sandals and socks.
Colorful shirts in African cloth are locally available at reasonable
prices. Hats are worn as protection from the equatorial sun,
especially at the beach. Bring a good supply of bathing suits,
rubber sandals, beach towels and sunscreen. Shorts and shirts are
commonly worn for sports activities. White clothing and tennis shoes
are standard for tennis players.
Women Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:28 PM
Women in Gabon are quite fashion-conscious. Dresses and pants of
lightweight fabrics are worn year round, both at the office and for
social occasions. Fabrics that will hold up well under frequent
laundering are strongly recommended. Cocktail dresses are very
popular at formal and informal gatherings; long dresses, skirts,
caftans, and slacks are also popular. Shorts are usually not worn in
public, except in casual settings. Summer dresses and separates are
worn daily. Whatever your preference may be, bring a large supply.
Shoe sizes and quality are limited and prices are high. Women should
bring (or plan to mail order) enough shoes, sandals, and sport shoes
to last a tour. Several swimsuits, beach towels, coverups, hats and
beach footwear are needed. Shorts, tennis dresses, shirts and shorts
are worn for athletics. Bring a large supply of underwear because
the frequent laundering tends to disintegrate the elastic.
Lightweight raincoats are useful during the heavy rains, but due to
the heat and humidity, umbrellas are preferred.
Children Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:28 PM
Bring lots of washable, sturdy clothing, as well as a large
supply of socks and footwear. Orthopedic shoes should be brought if
needed, as they are not available.
Supplies and Services
Supplies Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:29 PM
You may wish to use your consumables allowance for a supply of
toiletries, cosmetics, toilet tissues, facial tissues, contact lens
supplies, soap, toothpaste, razor blades, shaving cream, deodorant,
shampoo and medicines, as they are expensive in Libreville and may
be available only in European and local brands. Although pharmacies
are well stocked, basic medicines, including malaria suppressants,
are available through the Embassy Medical Unit. Other useful items
include sponge mops, adapter plugs, can openers, and wooden or
Although home entertaining is a major source of diversion in
Libreville, good restaurants are plentiful. You may wish to bring an
ample supply of cocktail napkins, ashtrays, hors d’oeuvre trays and
other supplies that add your personal touch to a party. A large
stock of china, glassware and flatware is helpful, as are disposable
picnic plates, cups and cutlery. Thermos jugs, “blue” ice, and
insulated coolers are essential for beach excursions, out-of-town
journeys, and picnics. Barbecuing is also a popular activity.
American propane gas grills can be used with a locally available
adapter and local butane tanks. Stereos, tape recorders, short-wave
radios, musical instruments, games, and as many books as possible
will help compensate for the limited cultural facilities.
Gift-wrapping, stationery, children’s party supplies and gifts, and
Christmas tree ornaments should be brought. Computer supplies
available locally are expensive and less current than in the U.S.
You should bring any general equipment, appliances, or utensils that
are important to your morale. Children’s toys are expensive and less
sturdy. Parents may wish to shop for Christmas and birthday gifts in
advance. Ample beach paraphernalia for small children is a must.
Basic Services Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:29 PM
The few tailors and dressmakers in Libreville can be expensive
for any but the simplest patterns, but some are quite skilled.
Several small shoe-repair shops are good and inexpensive. Laundry is
normally done at home. There are adequate dry cleaning facilities in
Libreville at prices somewhat above the U.S. The city has some good
beauty shops that charge $20 to $50 for a shampoo and set, while
barbers charge from $10 to $15 for a man’s haircut. Household, auto
and radio repairs are available, but generally only for
internationally known brands. The service is undependable, parts are
not always available, and prices are very high. Libreville has many
camera and photo shops, but prices are high; developing a roll of
36-print film costs about $30. Except for GM and Ford, spare parts
for American cars and appliances are generally unavailable locally
and must be brought or ordered from the U.S. Musical instruments and
camcorders are difficult or impossible to have repaired in
Domestic Help Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:30 PM
Although household help is desirable, well-trained domestics
require some effort and patience. Servants’ salaries are among the
highest in sub-Saharan Africa, but their skills are
indistinguishable from others in the region. Well-trained cooks are
also available, but not abundant. Except for the Ambassador’s
residence, servants do not usually live in. A fulltime
housekeeper/cook/nanny can range in salary from $200 to $300 a
month, including transportation allowance and social benefits.
Part-time housekeeping help can be found for $10 to $15 per workday.
Religious Activities Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:30 PM
Libreville has several Roman Catholic churches and two Protestant
churches of the Eglise Evangelique du Gabon (akin to the
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.). American missionaries built one of
these Protestant churches in 1848. Church services generally are in
French, though one missionary group offers a service in English.
Worship services are also offered by numerous other Protestant
churches, including many associated with missionary groups. A number
offer services in English. One international church with Protestant
services in English meets on Sunday evenings. A number of Mosques
serve Libreville’s Muslim community. There are no Synagogues in
At Post Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:32 PM The American
International school (AISL) was accredited in 2001 by the Middle
States Association of Schools and Colleges. The school offers a full
curriculum from pre-kindergarten through grade 8, and can offer a
supervised 9th grade correspondence course through the University of
Nebraska. It is staffed by a director, five full-time and eight
part-time teachers. The students enrolled for the 2000–01 academic
year come from the U.S., Germany, the Netherlands, China, England,
France, India, Korea, Morocco, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
and Spain. Tuition fees for Embassy children in kindergarten through
grade 8 are covered by the State Department allowance.
Several public and parochial schools in Libreville give
instruction in French through the equivalent of high school. The
schools follow the French national curriculum and include athletics,
but teaching standards — especially at the high school level — may
not conform to U.S. standards. The school year in the French schools
runs from the end of September until mid-June, with vacations of two
weeks at Christmas and Easter. Students can leave the first week of
June without loss of credit if they have completed their year-end
examinations. Allowances based on the rate for the American
International School are ample to cover all charges in other local
schools, as well as supplementary tutoring if required.
Away From Post Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:32 PM The Department’s
away-from-post education allowance is based on the cost of attending
secondary school away from post.
Further information on schooling can be obtained by writing
directly to the Director at the American International School of
Libreville or to the Administrative Officer at the Embassy.
Recreation and Social Life
Sports Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:34 PM
Sports and outdoor life are the main diversions in Libreville.
Swimming, fishing, tennis, golf, and sunbathing on the beach are all
popular. There is one horseback riding facility.
Water Sports. Besides our own Sabliere community pool, the ocean
provides a popular diversion. At the edge of town are long
palm-lined beaches, and swimming and sunbathing are possible year
round, though the estuary water may be clouded with silt. Cleaner
water is available north of the city (accessible by car) or at
Pointe Denis (accessible by boat). Fishing or water skiing
enthusiasts may send a motorboat (at your own expense) to Libreville
or buy a boat after arrival, but maintenance costs are high. The
Sabliere compound also has two windsurfers for residents’ use. The
deeper waters offshore abound in many types of game fish: tarpon,
barracuda, sailfish, marlin, sea bass, and occasional sharks.
Protected waters nearer the coast allow for skin-diving, although
waters are often murky. Skin-diving gear is available locally at a
relatively high cost. Sailing and windsurfing are popular. There is
a small informal sailing club in Libreville, but light winds in the
estuary limit activity.
Tennis, Golf, and Other Sports. There are a number of sports
clubs in Libreville. Club Mindoube offers tennis, limited horseback
riding, swimming, and a small bar and restaurant for its members. It
has five lighted tennis courts and stables where horses may be
boarded or rented. Membership can be arranged for Embassy personnel,
but costs are high. The Golf Club de l’Estuaire offers a challenging
18-hole course for golf buffs. The fairways and sand greens are
reasonably maintained, but the rough can be dense during the rainy
season. As a result, balls are frequently lost. Bring a large
supply, as extra balls are sometimes hard to find locally and are
always expensive. The course is relatively uncrowded, even on the
weekends, and offers a regular schedule of friendly competitions. A
membership fee is charged, as are annual dues. Club Saoti is located
closer to the Sabliere townhouses and offers tennis and squash
courts as well as a large swimming pool and exercise facilities.
There is a restaurant and bar area and a variety of other activities
is available. Hotel Atlantique, a hotel near the airport has a
swimming pool, which you can pay to use by the day. The
Intercontinental-Okoume Palace Hotel also offers access to tennis
courts, a pool and a wellequipped health club for a moderate monthly
fee. Several other sports and hobbies are represented by clubs in
Hunting. Governmental controls on firearms and hunting privileges
have made sport hunting increasingly difficult. Outings can be
arranged only through personal intercession with the few expatriates
or Gabonese who still have personal access to preserves. A few
travel agencies organize photo safaris.
Touring and Outdoor Activities Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:35 PM
The internationally renowned hospital founded by Dr. Albert
Schweitzer, 160 miles from Libreville at the town of Lambarene,
offers a pleasant weekend excursion from the capital. It can be
reached by air or by a 3–4 hour drive on a paved road through
forested landscape. With suitable advance notice, accommodations
(including meals) can be obtained in Lambarene at the Sofitel Ogooue
Palace hotel. The hospital staff offers a warm welcome to visitors
and provides guided tours of the facilities, which include both old
and new hospital buildings, and a small museum devoted to Dr.
Schweitzer’s life and work. A trip by motorized pirogue (dugout
canoe) on the Ogooue River and into a series of adjacent lakes can
also be arranged. Such a trip, which can last from one hour to an
entire day, offers an opportunity to see hippopotami, crocodiles,
monkeys, and colorful birds.
The La Lope Reserve is the largest game reserve in Gabon,
encompassing some 5,000 square km. The camp consists of
air-conditioned bungalows with shower facilities, and a restaurant
serves excellent food. The reserve which offers a good chance of
seeing rare forest elephants and many other endangered species, can
be reached by a 5-hour train ride or by car. Another interesting
weekend trip can be made to the Nyonie Camp. The camp is located 70
km south of Libreville, and is reached via a 90-minute motorboat
ride from Libreville. Nyonie is located along wide beaches with an
African jungle in the backdrop. A 2-hour safari ride will take you
into the jungle to see elephants, antelopes, buffalo, and other
All parts of Gabon and São Tomé and Principe can be reached by
air and domestic plane fares are reasonable. Travel by road
generally requires four-wheel-drive vehicles, especially during the
rainy season, but can be accomplished during the dry season in some
areas in two-wheel-drive cars with heavy-duty springs and high
clearance suitable for rough roads. Passenger train service is
available between Libreville and Franceville. Most provincial
capitals have adequate hotel facilities, and several private
companies in the interior will offer hospitality to visitors with
sufficient prior notice. Travel by car requires a pioneering spirit,
but for those willing to make the effort, the countryside is
rewarding. Highlights include extensive mining operations in the
southeast; open savanna country in the southwest (with herds of
buffalo and an occasional elephant); forested mountain ranges
stretching across the central part of the country; agricultural
areas in the north; and miles and miles of unbroken forest nearly
everywhere in Gabon.
Entertainment Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:36 PM
There is no lack of restaurants in Libreville. A large number of
good French restaurants are available as well as those offering
Chinese, Italian, Lebanese, Vietnamese, Moroccan, and African
specialties. Most nightclubs have the latest modern music and some
offer live bands. Organized by the American Embassy and supervised
by the Community Liaison Office, English movies are shown every
Friday evening. The local movie theater provides movies in French
only. The French Cultural Center offers a variety of cultural
activities including movies, theater, occasional concerts, and art
exhibitions in French and Spanish. All U.S. diplomats’ residences
are provided with a satellite connection to the Armed Forces Radio
and Television Service (AFRTS), with six television and a number of
radio channels. Residents also have the option to pay for a
satellite television service that offers a mix of English (including
CNN), French, and other channels as well as 40 music channels.
Short-wave radio reception from Europe and Africa is satisfactory.
Bring cameras and film equipment as well as sports and hobby
equipment. Note, however, that taking pictures of military
establishments or official buildings is strictly prohibited.
Among Americans Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:36 PM The American
community consists of Embassy personnel, Peace Corps staff and
volunteers, missionaries, a few business people, and their families.
They tend to get together for informal picnics, dinners, and
cocktails. An active International English Speaking Group of
Libreville raises money for charity and offers several group
activities, including mah-jongg, bridge, golf, swimming, and
International Contacts Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:37 PM Libreville
hosts 35 resident embassies and consulates and 24 international and
regional organizations. The diplomatic corps meets at numerous
receptions as well as informally at dinners, luncheons, etc. A club
of non-chief-of-mission diplomats also meets regularly and arranges
outings. Social interaction with the expatriate business and
professional community is also part of the life of the international
Nature of Functions Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:37 PM
Entertaining in Libreville follows no set rules and you are free
to entertain in the manner which is most comfortable and convenient.
Outdoor barbecues, buffets, cocktails, and five-course sit-down
dinners have all been used with success by personnel at post. Most
Gabonese Government occasions require business suits for men. Women
wear dressy cottons during the day and cocktail skirts and dresses
at night. The Ambassador presents credentials in a dark suit (tenue
sombre) or appropriate dress. Morning dress or white tie has not
been used in recent years. The Ambassador and DCM may have an
opportunity to wear a tuxedo, but there are no events at which one
Standards of Social Conduct Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:38 PM
Following presentation of credentials, the Ambassador calls on
diplomatic colleagues and on various members of the Gabonese
Government. Other officers call on their counterparts within the
diplomatic corps and on working contacts in the government and
private sector. Business cards are normally left on such occasions,
and are also used as a transmittal when sending printed materials to
official contacts. One should always carry business cards to social
gatherings where new introductions into the community take place.
Printed invitations can be ordered locally, but it may be more
economical to order them in the U.S. The Embassy will also produce
business cards in-house for all American personnel at no cost to the
officer. White embossed seal cards are stocked at the Embassy for
use by the Ambassador and DCM. Engraving services are not locally
available, so engraved invitations and cards should be obtained
before arrival. Ambassadors use engraved invitations (in French) on
gold-seal cards for formal occasions and locally printed invitations
on white-seal cards for other events, including luncheons and
receptions. Colorful invitation cards are also quite useful for
Special Information Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:38 PM
Post Orientation Program
Due to the small size of the post, introductions and orientation
are provided informally to all personnel shortly after arrival. A
sponsorship program assigns an experienced staff member to
newcomers. Knowledge of French is extremely valuable in Libreville,
as few residents speak English. Subject to funding availability, the
Embassy maintains a language-training program and materials for
staff members and their dependents. Instruction books, laptop
computers, CDROMS, and FSI training tapes for the French fast course
For those covering São Tomé issues, Portuguese-language
instruction is offered at the Embassy as well.
Notes For Travelers
Getting to the Post Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:39 PM
Include wash-and-wear and summer clothing in both accompanying
baggage and unaccompanied airfreight. Flights to Libreville from
Paris tend to be strict about the two-bags-per-person limit for
passengers in transit from the U.S. Passengers starting in Europe
are limited to 23 kilograms of luggage, though the airlines will
usually allow up to 30 kilos per person without extra charge.
Travelers exceeding the limits are normally asked to pay high excess
baggage charges (as much as $10 or more per kilogram).
Seafreight shipments require several months to arrive from the
U.S., and 2 or more months from European posts. Airfreight takes 2–4
weeks. The Embassy provides new arrivals with a Welcome Kit that
includes basics such as pots, pans, silverware, and household
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Customs and Duties Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:40 PM
No customs or duties are charged U.S. Government personnel. This
free-entry privilege applies to all items imported for personal use
throughout the tour of duty. Visas are required for all Americans
entering Gabon; persons arriving without visas are held at the
airport and required to leave Gabon on the next flight. Visas can be
obtained from the Gabonese Embassy in Washington, D.C., from the
Gabonese Mission to the United Nations, or from a French Embassy or
Consulate in any part of the world where Gabon has no
representation. U.S. Government personnel turn their passports over
to the Embassy Administrative Section upon arrival in Gabon, and
diplomatic ID cards and 5-year multiple entry visas are requested.
All persons entering Gabon are required to have a valid yellow fever
Pets Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:40 PM
Health regulations for animals are not rigorously enforced and no
quarantine is imposed. You should be prepared, however, to present a
Certificate of Health from a veterinarian stating that your animal
is in good health and indicating that it has been inoculated against
rabies or has been in a rabies-free area for the previous 6 months.
Gabon itself is not a rabies-free area. Make sure to bring heartworm
prophylactic, which may not be available.
Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:40 PM
Gabonese law does not permit the entry of firearms. Anyone
wishing to bring firearms to Gabon must write to the Ambassador
describing the weapon (make, serial number, registration number),
his or her proficiency with the weapon, and the reason for the
request. If the Ambassador approves, an appropriate request will be
made to the Ministries of Interior and Foreign Affairs. When the
Embassy receives approval, the petitioner will be notified in
writing. After the weapons arrive, they must be inspected and
registered with the Gabonese Ministry of Interior.
Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated:
2/12/2004 2:41 PM
Gabon is a member of the Central African franc zone via the Bank
of Central African States (BEAC), which has its headquarters in
Yaounde. The parity of the regional currency, the CFA (Communaute
Financiere Africaine) franc, is tied to the French franc and backed
by the French Treasury. The CFA franc for the six countries of the
Central Zone circulates freely and may be freely converted to other
currencies through the banking system upon presentation of
commercial documentation. The exchange rate varies. In 1994, the
value of the CFA was 540 CFA per dollar and went up to 780 CFA at
the end of November 2000 before falling back into the low 700s by
mid-2001. The BEAC issues the currency and controls liquidity within
the zone through rediscounting facilities and administered money
market. The interest rate structure is common to all member
countries of the zone.
An import license must be presented for all imports entering the
CFA zone that exceed 500,000 CFA francs (about $750) in value.
Private transfers of money to points outside the franc zone are
subject to further documentation required by the Ministry of
Credit is provided through four main commercial banks in Gabon:
the Banque International de Commerce d’Industrie du Gabon (BICIG), a
subsidiary of BNP France; Union Gabonaise de Banque (UGB), a
subsidiary of Credit Lyonnais; the Banque Gabonaise et Francaise
Internationale, (BGFI); and Citibank. In addition to the commercial
banks, the banking sector includes: Credit Foncier du Gabon
(CREFOGA) for housing; the Gabonese Development Bank (BDG); the Fund
for Development and Expansion (FODEX), a parastatal organization
funded by the African Development Bank and intended to provide
financing for small and medium-sized firms (PME) owned by Gabonese
nationals; and the Banque Gabonaise de Credit Rural, which offers
loans for agriculture.
Gabon uses the metric system of weights and measures.
Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property Last Updated: 2/12/2004
There is no limit for Embassy personnel on the amount of foreign
exchange that can be brought into or subsequently carried out of
Gabon. Visa, Mastercard and American Express credit cards are
accepted at hotels, as are dollar traveler’s checks. For all other
purchases, the local CFA franc is used. Mission personnel do not pay
income taxes in Gabon, but do pay an 18% value-added tax (VAT) on
all items purchased in Gabon, which is refundable.
The only legal tender in Gabon is the CFA franc. Currently, the
French Government guarantees convertibility of the CFA franc. The
Embassy Class-B cashier cashes personal dollar checks of U.S.
Government personnel for CFA francs at the daily official USG/FSC
rate. Checking accounts are easily established at several local
banks, but most personnel do not find them necessary. A service
charge is added to such accounts annually, but thereafter dollar
checks can be changed for CFA francs to be deposited in the account
at no cost. All personnel should maintain a dollar checking account
in the U.S. to facilitate the paying of bills outside Gabon. Cash is
used for virtually all purchases, though one large grocery store
will accept Visa with a 4-digit PIN.
Recommended Reading Last Updated: 2/12/2004 2:57 PM
These titles are provided as a general indication of the material
currently available on Gabon. The Department of State does not
endorse unofficial publications.
Few books in print have been written specifically about Gabon,
and there are even fewer full-length works in English. The only
recent book on Gabon in English is The Rainbird: A Central African
Journey by Jan Brokken (Lonely Planet, 1997), an engaging travel
narrative that also provides extensive vignettes of Gabonese
Two other books, though over 30 years old, are still worth
reading: Africa Betrayed by former U.S. Ambassador Charles
Darlington and his wife (McKay: New York, 1967) and
Gabon: Nation-Building on the Ogooue by Brian Weinstein (MIT
Press: Cambridge, 1967).
The book by the Darlingtons is a highly personal narrative of
their experiences during their tour in Gabon (1961–64), while the
Weinstein study offers a comprehensive account of Gabonese political
history and structures.
For a more historical approach, David Patterson’s The Northern
Gabon Coast to 1875 provides an interesting if somewhat arcane
history of the European presence in the region (Oxford: Clarendon
Travels in West Africa by Mary Kingsley, originally published in
1898 and reissued by Virago Press, is a classic of its genre, as she
studies the peoples and fauna of the region. Mary Kingsley was an
intrepid Victorian who left England in her early 30s and visited the
west coast of Central Africa. Caroline Alexander, who set out to
follow in Mary Kingsley’s footsteps in the late 1980s, chronicled
her journeys in One Dry Season: In the Footsteps of Mary Kingsley
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).
Other books include: We Went to Gabon by Carol Kle, about
missionary work in Gabon;
Gabon Today by Mylene Remy (Washington, DC: International
Learning Systems, 1977); and
The Tio Kingdom of the Middle Congo, 1880–1892 by Jan Vansina
(Oxford University Press, 1973), a historical anthropological work
with a readable style.
Additional material is available in French, including a 1970
volume by Jacques Bouquerel titled Le Gabon (Presses Universitaires
de France, Paris).
A few pamphlets on Gabon are also published by the French
Government and the Gabonese Ministry of Tourism. Copies should be
available in Washington from the French and Gabonese Embassies,
respectively. A relatively recent French exposé on Gabon, Les
Affaires Africaines, is banned in Gabon.
For similar exposé style writing, Forages en Eau Profonde: Les
secrets de “I’affaire Elf” by Valerie Lecasble and Airy Routier
(Bernard Grasset: Paris, 1998) describes in detail the Elf oil
scandal of the mid-1990s.
Some other recent publications in French are: Le Memoire du
Fleuve, by Christian Dedet, about a metisse’s childhood life in
Gabon in the first half of the 1900s;
Mythes et legiendes des Myene du Moyen Ogooue, by Annie Merlet,
Centre Culturel Saint Exupery, Libreville; and
Le pays des 3 Estuaires, 1471–1900, also by Annie Merlet.
Dr. Albert Schweitzer detailed his life at Lambarene in two
books: On the Edge of the Primeval Forest, based on letters during
his first stay (1913–17), and
More From the Primeval Forest based on the second period at
George Seaver’s biography, Albert Schweitzer: The Man and His
Mind, covers in some detail the work of Dr. Schweitzer at his
Beyond these, two older works in English, National Unity and
Regionalism in Eight African States edited by Gwendolyn Carter
(Cornell University Press: 1966) and;
The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa by Virginia
Thompson and Richard Adloff (Stanford University Press: 1960) offer
good, if somewhat dated, chapters on Gabon.
Other books available include: Alan Carpenter and James Hugues,
Fernandez, J.W. Mbwiti. An Ethnography of the Religious
Imagination in Africa. Enchantment of Africa Series. (Children’s:
1977. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Gardinier, David. Historical Directory of Gabon. Metuchen, NJ:
Scarecrow Press, 1981.
Local Holidays Last Updated: 12/8/2005 12:14 AM
Currently, the Embassy observes 10 Gabonese holidays, some of
which coincide with American holidays. These include:
New Year’s Day January 1 Aid-el-Fitr Varies Easter Monday Varies
Labor Day May 1 Aid-el-Kebir Varies Whit Monday Varies Assumption
Day August 15 Independence Day August 16 & 17 All Saints' Day
(Toussaint) November 1 Christmas Day December 25 | <urn:uuid:6d61cb70-cafb-49ef-b18f-e688ffc8d942> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.ediplomat.com/np/post_reports/pr_ga.htm | 2024-02-23T23:33:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.944722 | 14,137 | 2.703125 | 3 |
As I contemplated how adults learn, it quickly became clear that learning is a complex process and adult learners are complex beings. Our motivation to learn, which changes during the different stages and needs of life, no doubt add to the complexity of learning. Arguments distinguishing how children and adults learn have existed for decades and it was only after reflecting back on my grade school years up to graduate learning, that I came to the realization and understanding of the academic conversation of the need to distinguish between pedagogy and andragogy.
Today, pedagogy refers to theories and methods used in teaching. However, in the past, pedagogy referred specifically to the methods used to educate children, where teachers were the authoritative figures and student’s passive learners; a way of thinking that froze the educational system. Meanwhile, andragogy is focused on the learning experience of adults and which methods work best in adult education. The andragogy model addresses the distinct needs of adult learners providing a set of assumptions for designing instruction with learners who are more self-directed than teacher directed, making this model of adult learning desirable for teachers and learners. Effective pedagogies focus on developing higher order thinking and metacognition, making good use of dialogue and questioning in order to do so. This blog examines the history of the adult education movement and defines best practices that emerged from theorists who contributed to progress.
Influential Theorists in the Field of Education
Andragogy not only captures the beginning of the adult education movement, but its timeless perspective applies to adult education in a culturally diverse world. Knowles’ writings on andragogy and adult learning transformed and energized the profession contributing to the understanding of how adults learn, in what context, and the process of learning. The decade of the ’70s was a period of self-directed learning led by the efforts of Malcolm Knowles and Allen Tough. Knowles’ definition is that self-directed learning describes a process by which individuals take the initiative, with or without the assistance of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes (Merriam et al., 2007). Tough, building on the work of Houle, provided the first comprehensive description of self-directed learning. In essence, self-directed learning is a learning situation in which the learner knows best and decides the course of action for everything including specific activities of learning such as the location and times that learning takes place.
Building upon the earlier works of Piaget, Dewey, and Lewin; Kolb believed that learning is a process and the adult learner needs to be open to new experiences, observant, reflective, analytical problem solvers, and decision makers. Experimental learning focuses on the connection between life experiences and learning and suggests learning lies within the learner’s control. One example of experiential learning can be illustrated by how nurses learn to insert a Foley catheter. In the concrete experience stage, the nurse physically experiences how to insert a Foley catheter on a patient. Inserting the Foley catheter forms the foundation to observe and reflect, and to consider what is working or failing. This phase of the theory is the reflective observation phase. The student now has the chance to think about ways to improve on the next attempt made at inserting a Foley catheter, which is the abstract conceptualization phase. Every new attempt to place a Foley catheter is informed by a cyclical pattern of previous experience, thought, reflection, or active experimentation. Even though educators have accepted that there is a connection between life experiences and learning, it is still not clear how adults learn (Merriam et al., 2007).
Jack Mezirow‘s theory of transformational learning is defined as a constructivist learning theory. The constructivist philosophy has roots in a number of disciplines including philosophy, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and education. Embedded in learning theories advanced by Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Glasersfeld the essence of constructivism is active construction of new knowledge by the learner based on their lived experiences (Paily, 2013). To put it another way, a constructivist learning situation would allow a learner to use their prior knowledge and beliefs in order to build a new learned experience.
In summary, seminal theorist and their thinking in the development of adult learning asserts that learning is an active process. An array of literature reviews indicates that the days where the teacher played the authority role and poured knowledge into passive students is gone. Instead, learners are urged to be actively involved in their own learning process.
Merriam, S., Caffarella, R., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Paily, M. U. (2013). Creating constructivist learning environment: Role of “web 2.0” technology. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 9(1), 39-50, 52. | <urn:uuid:72e8f978-53d3-49f7-ac1d-a49479f62a76> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.feelgoodnurse.org/part-1-of-3-the-adult-education-movement/ | 2024-02-23T23:15:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.945731 | 1,049 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The Hebrew word for sin in this verse is cheit. According to Rav Hirsch, cheit is related to chatah, which means to “to take something out of the sphere to which it belongs, especially to take burning coals out of a fire” – hence the word machtah, a coal pan. To sin is to remove ourselves from “the glowing rays of the Divine Word, the eish dat, the eish ochelet” which is supposed to “radiate our whole being.”
Rav Hirsch continues: “As long as…the Divine fire burns brightly in us and through us, we are lechem ishe laHashem, food and fuel for godliness on earth. But as soon as anything falls out of this fire, it becomes dull, dark, and evil,” just as glowing coals removed “from a fire burn out and become lifeless.”
A famous New Testament verse instructs people to “render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and unto G-d the things that are G-d’s.” Unfortunately, even some frum Jews operate by this principle. They think that studying general knowledge in school or spending time at work is a “secular” pursuit, and they yearn to return to the beis medrash; only there, they believe, can they serve G-d in an ideal fashion.
Rav Hirsch rejects this bifurcation of existence. All of life, he argues, should be a divine service, and everything we do should be animated by the fire of G-d’s Torah. If we fail in our duty – if we pursue an activity divorced from this fire – we have committed a sin.
Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) – head of the Jewish community in Frankfurt, Germany for over 35 years – was a prolific writer whose ideas, passion, and brilliance helped save German Jewry from the onslaught of modernity.
Elliot Resnick, PhD, is the host of “The Elliot Resnick Show” and the editor of an upcoming work on etymological explanations in Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch’s commentary on Chumash. | <urn:uuid:5ed8faa6-bba4-417a-a9ec-f6798320fdd5> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/381534 | 2024-02-24T00:12:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.947492 | 473 | 2.625 | 3 |
mainstream medical science continues to explore the healing properties of
cannabis, research indicates the plant has several properties that reduce the
risk of cancer in people who smoke it. Some scientists believe cannabis could
even be cancer’s proverbial silver bullet.
cannabis smokers will admit that while cannabis is great for what ails them, it
certainly can’t be good for the insides of their lungs. However, experiments
performed at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) suggest smoking
cannabis might actually prevent lung cancer.
Tashkin is a pulmonologist at the UCLA. He has studied the effects of marijuana
smoking since the 1980’s. Agencies, institutes and think tanks across the
country often reference his work.
performed a study to determine if there was a link between lung cancer and
smoking cannabis. Although marijuana does contain the same chemicals in tobacco
that cause cancer, Dr. Tashkin discovered that chemical compounds in cannabis
protected the human body from tumor growth.
patients who smoked tobacco were twenty times more likely to develop lung
cancer than non-smokers, cannabis smokers showed no increased risk. Dr. Tashkin
believes the THC, one of the psychoactive components within marijuana, kills
aging and unhealthy cells before tumors can form.
another scientific study performed in Spain, research scientists at Madrid's Complutense and
Autonoma Universities separated 30 laboratory rats with brain cancer into two
groups of 15. One group was given infusions of THC to treat their affliction.
The first untreated group died in
two weeks. 9 of the THC-infused rats lived longer than a month, and 3 of the
rats were cured. Scientists believe that THC causes cancerous cells to die
prematurely, leaving healthy cells unharmed.
In October of 2003 the medical
journal Nature Reviews published an article written by world-famous cancer
treatment research scientist Dr. Manuel Guzman that discussed in great detail
the antitumor effects of cannabinoids.
Cannabinoids are one of the principle chemical compounds found in
Dr. Guzman discovered in study after
careful study that cannabinoids selectively target cancerous tumors, destroying
them, and at the same time even protect non-cancerous cells from harm.
Another study conducted by
scientists at the California Pacific Medical Center of San Francisco also found
that THC, in many experiments, destroyed cancerous brain cells without harming
the healthy ones.
The Italians are also part of the
march to cure cancer with cannabis. In July of 1998 research conducted at the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that cannabinoids prevented
tumor growth in cells of patients afflicted with breast cancer.
the 90’s the federal government used $2 million taxpayer dollars to conduct
research on cancer in mice and rats. Conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology
Program, conclusively determined that THC protected cells from cancer.
reaching this conclusion, the federal government hid the results. The report
was leaked to AIDS Treatment News and
the results were later published in the national media, but despite the
positive results, the federal government has yet to conduct further research.
country gets greener with legalization, many people can attest to the
beneficial effects of cannabis for treating their symptoms. If more knew about
the research that indicates cannabis just might cure cancer, the legalization
effort would attract greater numbers. | <urn:uuid:cb9937a1-c46e-47bb-8447-ff1855d932c8> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.jasentdavis.com/2016/11/ | 2024-02-24T00:33:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.960089 | 722 | 3.125 | 3 |
TWO POEMS CONCERNING
A CRADLE SONG
THE faery children laugh in cradles of wrought gold,
And clap their hands together, and half close their eyes,
For winds will bear them gently when the eagle flies,
With heavy whitening wings, and a heart fallen cold :
I kiss my wailing child and press it to my breast,
And hear the narrow graves calling my child and me
Desolate winds that cry over the wandering sea ;
Desolate winds that hover in the flaming West ;
Desolate winds that beat the doors of Heaven, and beat
The doors of Hell, and blow there many a whimpering ghost ;
And heart the winds have shaken ; the unappeasable host
Is comelier than candles before Maurya’s feet.
“THE VALLEY OF THE BLACK PIG”
The Irish peasantry have for generations comforted themselves, in their misfortunes,
visions of a great battle, to be fought in a mysterious valley called, “The Valley
Black Pig,” and to break at last the power of their enemies. A few years ago, in the
barony of Lisadell, in county Sligo, an old man would fall entranced upon the ground
time to time, and rave out a description of the battle ; and I have myself heard said
girths shall rot from the bellies of the horses, because of the few men that shall
out of the valley.
THE dew drops slowly ; the dreams gather : unknown spears
Suddenly hurtle before my dream-awakened eyes ;
And then the clash of fallen horsemen, and the cries
Of unknown perishing armies beat about my ears.
We, who are labouring by the cromlech on the shore,
The gray cairn on the hill, when day sinks drowned in dew,
Being weary of the world’s empires, bow down to you,
Master of the still stars, and of the flaming door.
W. B. YEATS .
Yeats, W. B. “Two Poems Concerning Peasant Visionaries.” The Savoy, volume 2, April 1896, p. 109. Savoy Digital Edition, edited by Christopher Keep and Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, 2018-2020. Yellow Nineties 2.0, Ryerson University Centre for Digital Humanities, 2019. https://1890s.ca/savoyv2-yeats-peasant/ | <urn:uuid:f3631e21-14e5-43fb-a2d3-09c4810b691f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://1890s.ca/savoyv2-yeats-peasant/ | 2024-02-23T22:31:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.883497 | 539 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Have you ever wondered whether it snows in Texas? After all, this state is rather well known for being hot and dry, or near the coast rather hot and steamy. The answer is simple, and yet complicated by factors such as elevation, proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, and more. Yes, it snows in Texas. In fact, Texas got enough ice and snow in February 2021 that the power grid failed and 246 people actually died. Let’s take a closer look at snowfall trends in Texas and learn more.
The Snowiest Part of Texas
The panhandle region of Texas gets the most snow on average each year. Snow sometimes comes as early as September in the panhandle, and sometimes falls as late as May. The average amount of snow in the Texas panhandle ranges from about 9 inches per year to around 21 inches, with the eastern portion, at lower elevations, receiving the least. It can also get extremely cold in the panhandle, with record temperatures dropping more than 50 degrees below freezing. Amarillo, the largest city in the Texas panhandle, receives an average of 17.9 inches of snow each year.
Houston Rarely Gets Snow
Meteorologists can count the number of times it has snowed in Houston, Texas. Since 1881, the white stuff has reached the ground fewer than 100 times. Most years, Houston gets no snow, and when they have had snow, it has often amounted to only a trace. That makes 1895 a real outlier. On Valentine’s Day that year, Houston received a whopping 20 inches of snow! No other snowfall has topped 4.4 inches.
Dallas Snowfall Varies Widely
According to the National Weather Service, the Dallas area has received an average of 2.32 inches of snow each winter since the turn of the century. But if you remove the outlier of 17.1 inches in the winter of 2009 to 2010, the yearly average snowfall around Dallas is just 1.65 inches. Most years since 1898, the amount of snow in Dallas has measured between a trace and 5 inches. Annual snow in this part of Texas has exceeded 5 inches fewer than 20 times since the National Weather Service started tracking, and it has exceeded 10 inches only five times.
Snow in Other Texas Cities
Advisors at Texas Tech advise incoming students that average snowfall in the Lubbock, Texas region can reach up to 9 inches.
Austin, home of the University of Texas, averages just 0.2 inches of snow per year. The largest snowfall recorded in Austin happened in 1937 when 11 inches fell over two days in November.
The National Weather Service data for Waco, home of Baylor University, indicates that since the year 2000, the area has averaged only 1 inch of snow per year. In about half of the years since the turn of the century, Waco has received 0.1 inches or less.
San Antonio, meanwhile, gets practically no snow, averaging only about 0.1 inches per year even with significant outliers.
Monthly Snow Amounts in Texas
Snow amounts vary across Texas, but generally speaking, most of the state’s snowfall occurs in the months of December through February. Snow comes earlier in the western portion of the state and the panhandle than in the eastern and southern sections. This is largely due to higher elevations and proximity to weather systems that approach from the northwest.
Looking at data from the Dallas/Fort Worth region, roughly in the middle of the expansive state, snow rarely comes in October, and then only in trace amounts. With the exception of a few odd occurrences, November likewise barely gets even a trace of snow. The area seldom gets more than a trace of snow in December, but when it does, the amount often reaches 1.5 to 3 inches. Most years central Texas gets at least a trace of snow in January, with some years reaching 3.5 to 12 .1 inches. February returns to mostly trace amounts, but with some years seeing significant outliers and heavy snow events. Central Texas rarely sees snow in March, and almost never in April.
The chances of snow in the southern and eastern parts of Texas are pretty rare every month. Anything more than a trace tends to be an outlier in those regions. The table below summarizes the chances of snow, based on data from the central, western, and panhandle regions of the Lone Star State.
Month | Chances of Snow |
September | At least trace amounts likely in the central region; more in the west and panhandle |
October | Small amounts in the west and panhandle; rare otherwise |
November | Rarely more than trace amounts except in the west and panhandle |
December | At least trace amounts through the central region; some years feature heavier events |
January | Rare in the central region; small amounts still likely in the wet and panhandle |
February | Central region mostly trace amounts with heavy events some years; more in the west |
March | Almost never in the central region; somewhat rare in the west and panhandle |
April | Almost never in central region; somewhat rare in the west and panhandle |
May | Rare in the panhandle region |
The photo featured at the top of this post is © Lea Bouknight/Shutterstock.com
Thank you for reading! Have some feedback for us? Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. | <urn:uuid:01451560-5f7f-46f5-94a4-26601a7e2981> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://a-z-animals.com/blog/does-it-snow-in-texas/ | 2024-02-23T23:13:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.964492 | 1,111 | 2.796875 | 3 |
It’s a good reminder to get probiotics or fermented foods every day.
They are not for everyone, but they can be a great addition to your diet when it comes to fighting off bad bacteria. Probiotics, including Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, work to break down the bad bacteria that are causing you to get sick. For example, probiotics can help you get rid of bad bacteria such as E. coli that are causing you to have a bad time.
The probiotic supplement probofit is available for purchase online, and it contains over 500 different probiotic strains and the most common ones that we should all be getting. It’s important to know that probiotics shouldn’t be taken by mouth.
We’re not sure exactly what probiotics are, but probiotics are usually classified according to the genus they belong to. For example, Lactobacilli are often classified as Lactobacilli bifidus, while Bifidobacteria are usually classified as Bifidobacterium longum. While probiotics can help you have a good time, in most cases it is best to take them in capsule form, as they tend to be slightly more unstable.
Probiotics are not exactly a new thing, and they were actually invented in the 1970s. They don’t have the same name as they used to be called. They are defined by the fact that they are “live bacteria” because they are grown in the intestines of newborn children and are passed to the body through the stool.
It’s been a few years since probiotics were introduced to the market and were popularized by Dr. Paul Offit, who has a number of studies on the subject that show that probiotics are actually quite beneficial to our health. His research has shown that the bacteria in probiotics helps to improve our immune system, which is probably why they are used to treat a variety of ailments.
Since probiotics have not been around for that long, they haven’t really been tested for long-term usage. However, they do have a long history of use in treating a variety of ailments. Just like the rest of our bodies, our immune system is highly susceptible to bacteria and their toxins. The reason we want probiotics in our diet is because we need them to help our immune system function properly.
There are two types of probiotics. One is manufactured to help you with a specific ailment, like preventing yeast infections or treating cystic fibrosis. The other type is manufactured to help boost your immune system. This type of probiotic is called “bacterial”. They are engineered to help your body fight off infection and help boost your immune system.
Probiotics are not a cure for cancer, but they do help it. There are two types of probiotics for that reason. One is to help your immune system fight off infection and help boost your immune system. The other is a synthetic probiotic to fight off bacteria. You can buy probiotics that contain a bacterium called Lactobacillus rhamnosus that is grown in the laboratory. The probiotics are supposed to fight off cancer-causing bacteria.
According to Andrew Weil, the scientist who first discovered Lactobacillus rhamnosus, it’s not the only probiotic that works. He says that you can also get probiotics from foods like yogurt and kefir. You should buy probiotics that are available at stores near you that are supposed to be organic. | <urn:uuid:7a869d8f-55d8-498d-afcc-59d81010f87a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://abavideonews.org/probo-medical-2/ | 2024-02-24T00:11:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.973141 | 740 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Drivers who have ever been behind the wheel of a truck will never forget the feeling of pride, positive emotions and satisfaction when they take control of a powerful vehicle and skillfully and confidently navigate the roads with a massive machine. However, this work can turn into a chore when truck driving becomes stressful and exhausting. This is especially true for long-distance drivers who spend long periods of time on the road. At such a situation, it is very important to understand that you can count on the reliability of your iron horse, which, despite the weather conditions, heavy cargo and the difficulties of a long journey, will allow the driver to do his job with dignity.
Metal extrusion processes – a method for truck reliability
One of the most important factors in the safety of freight transportation is the reliability of the vehicle. That’s why companies operating in the trucking industry use the most efficient and up-to-date technologies to produce trucks.
The extrusion method of metal forming has been known to mankind for over 200 years. Its essence lies in pushing metal through an outlet hole, which is used to form parts with the necessary geometric parameters specified by the design of the truck.
The most commonly used metals in truck construction are steel and aluminum alloys. They are very hard at room temperature, which is very good for use. But for extrusion, they need to be heated to high temperatures, at which the metals acquire the necessary ductility. The plastic mass of heated metal is used to form many of the components of trucks. Therefore, the precision and quality of such products make a significant contribution to the reliability of truck applications.
The extrusion process is best suited for producing elongated metal profiles with a predetermined shape. These profiles can then be used as rails, pillars, frames and tubes for various vehicle constructions. Cutting such profiles provides a way to produce a series of smaller parts with a given shape, which can be further modified by other machining methods, if needed.
Given the advantages of the extrusion process, such as its applicability to automation and conveyor production, the speed and quality of forming, and the cost-effectiveness of the process, it has become very common in the production of commercial vehicles.
Aluminum vs. Steel in the Trucking Industry
Steel is stronger and more durable than aluminum, which is why it is often used in the construction of truck frames, semi-trucks, trailers, and trailers. Steel can withstand more weight and stress without bending or cracking, while aluminum of the same thickness can deform or crack under high pressure. However, aluminum weighs significantly less than steel, which can contribute to increased efficiency and payload capacity. The supporting steel structures of trucks can be replaced with extra-strong aluminum alloys with added wall thickness to compensate for the lower strength of aluminum. In this case, the weight of the structure can be significantly reduced without losing its reliability. This is why aluminum is also often used in the construction of truck bodies and other structural components.
Aluminum is more resistant to corrosion, which can be a significant advantage in the trucking industry, where trucks are often exposed to moisture. On the other hand, steel is prone to rust and requires regular maintenance to prevent corrosion. Steel, in addition, is generally cheaper than aluminum, which may make it more attractive to some transportation companies. However, the cost savings from using steel can be offset by its higher weight, which can lead to higher fuel costs over time.
In summary, both metals have their advantages and disadvantages in the freight transportation industry. Steel is cheaper, stronger and more durable, while aluminum is lighter and more resistant to corrosion. Using aluminum extrusions as an example, let’s take a look at how the quality control of parts for the trucking industry is carried out.
Quality control of automotive aluminum extrusion products
To ensure reliable and reproducible production, aluminum extrusion processes are highly regulated. However, strict adherence to the regulations does not guarantee absolute reliability in terms of extrusion quality. Therefore, to guarantee reliability, in-line inspection of final parts and billets is used. This control becomes the key stage of the entire process, which ultimately ensures the reliability of the entire structure. In turn, tensile testing of aluminum extrusion samples is an important component of quality control.
The essence of tensile testing is that a tensile force is applied along a specimen made in a certain shape and changes in its geometry are observed until the specimen breaks. This is how the strength and elongation of the sample under tension are determined. The process is also highly automated and is carried out using special tensile machines. The loading is controlled by software, and the tensile response of the material is measured using special sensors. The results are stored and analyzed also using computers. This ensures the reliability of the results and the accuracy of the tests.
Another key to reliable tensile test results for aluminum specimens in is the accuracy of the shapes of the specimens. The shape of the specimen strongly influences the results of such tests, so the shapes of the specimens are standardized to allow for comparison.
There are standards for specimens made of different parts depending on their size. They are divided into two groups: so-called dog bone tensile test specimens, flat or round, with different lengths and cross-sectional areas depending on the requirements of the standards. The wider ends of these specimens are designed to fit into the clamps of the tensile sample testing machine. The tensile force is applied along the axis of the specimen, with geometric changes occurring in the thin part of the specimen, where it finally breaks.
A key factor in obtaining reliable mechanical test results is the accuracy of reproducing the geometry of aluminum extrusion samples. Without this, the results will be irrelevant. Aluminum extrusion specimens are typically shaped like a flat dog bone. Many employees who work with aluminum extrusion in the trucking industry prefer the Flat Tensile Sample Preparation system from TensileMill CNC Inc. This system is designed to produce tensile dog bones for tensile testing processes, meeting the high quality requirements of this industry.
These CNC tensile testing equipment are made with an idea to simplify the operator’s work as much as possible and are capable of taking on the vast majority of labor-intensive tasks. The reliability of the service equipment is guaranteed by the many years of experience of TensileMill employees. Therefore, these machines operate reliably in the test laboratories of hundreds of TensileMill CNC Inc. customers.
Visit the store’s website to choose a convenient option of the Flat Tensile Sample Preparation systems series. | <urn:uuid:1c124593-0582-4e1c-9a21-d82bb4eae3f7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://alldailyupdates.com/how-does-the-trucking-industry-benefit-from-metal-extrusion-processes/ | 2024-02-24T00:15:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.950795 | 1,348 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Anyone who’s ever had an interest in exotic pet care has probably dealt with a lot of confusion when it comes to one specific amphibian.
Even though distinguishing salamander species isn’t that difficult, a lot of keepers have difficulties in telling if a water dog is any different than an axolotl.
Are these terms used interchangeably?
How do mudpuppies fit into the mix?
Why are water dogs even called that?
Let’s answer these questions once and for all and clear up the confusion.
Is a water dog different from an axolotl?
There’s a lot of confusion when it comes to the appearance of these creatures, and many mistakenly believe they are one and the same.
Regardless of their physical similarities, however, there are some key differences that set these salamanders apart.
Here’s what makes a water dog different than an axolotl:
Although they do share some similarities, axolotls and water dogs don’t belong to the same species. The term water dog is used to refer to the larval form of salamanders from the Necturus genus. The axolotl, however, is a salamander species belonging to the Ambystoma genus.
Waterdog by JessKB and Axolotl by MarieKarma1311
It’s also worth noting that the names of these salamanders have also contributed to the widespread misconception that they’re both the same.
The name axolotl can be roughly translated into “water dog” where the “a” stands for “atl” or water while “xolotl” refers to the Aztec dog-headed deity of fire and lightning.
However, this has nothing to do with the naming of the water dog salamanders.
Water dogs own their name to the common disbelief that they can bark.
Let’s move on and take a closer look at the differences between these creatures.
Water dogs are found in lakes, rivers, and swamps of eastern Northern America, as well as Canada. They prefer clear waters with a temperature range of 60-75F and hide in vegetation or under stones and debris during the daytime.
At night, they emerge to feed on whatever prey they can catch which is typically fish, worms, and snails.
Author’s note: Water dogs are considered bioindicators because their health status in the environment can tell the effects certain pollutants have on an ecosystem.
Unlike the wide distribution of water dogs, axolotls are critically endangered and can only be found within lake Xochimilco in Mexico City.
Back in 2020 they nearly became extinct as a result of the urbanization of Mexico City and the introduction of invasive species such as tilapia and perch.
Fortunately, the combined efforts of biologists, researchers, and environmentalists managed to prevent this.
The diet of axolotls is nearly identical to that of water dogs, with one key difference – cannibalism.
Due to the sheer lack of food in their environment, axolotls sometimes resort to acts of cannibalism. Some researchers even speculate that this has led to the development of their regenerative ability.
Author’s note: Axolotls have the ability to grow back limbs regardless of the place of injury. The regeneration starts after the formation of an epidermal layer around the wound. The cells in the epidermal layer start to multiply rapidly eventually leading to the complete regeneration of the lost limb.
Both water dogs and axolotls spend their entire life cycle underwater, unlike other salamander species who leave their aquatic environment once they have completed their metamorphosis. Accordingly, mature specimens retain the physical features which help salamander larvae adapt to life underwater.
However, there are a few anatomical differences between water dogs and axolotls.
For one, water dogs have thumb pads on their feet, which help them move upstream by providing a stronger grip with the underwater surface.
Waterdog by Neotenic_Jaymes and Axolotl by JustAQu3st10n
Due to the difference in their habitat, axolotls haven’t developed these nuptial pads and their feet are rather slender and underdeveloped as a result.
Author’s note: Finding a photo to show the difference between the feet of the two species in detail turned out a little too hard.
Anyway, another point of difference between these salamanders is the shape of their tails.
Water dogs have a flattened tail that’s slightly rounded, whereas that of an axolotl is enveloped in a dorsal crest and tapered off at the end.
In albino axolotls, the actual tail can be clearly seen, because of their translucent dorsal crest.
Size-wise, water dogs grow between 8″ to 16″, depending on the environment and the particular species.
The Western water dog (Necturus beyeri), for instance, can grow up to 8.5″, while some larger species like the Neuse River water dog (Necturus lewisi) typically grow to 11″ in size.
The size of an axolotl also varies, but in most cases, a mature specimen reaches 9″ in size.
When it comes to colors, axolotls and water dogs have some slight differences as well. For one, wild axolotls are coated in brown, whereas most water dogs have yellow-speckled, olive skin.
However, you’re unlikely to stumble upon a wild axolotl due to its conservation status.
Chances are you have probably seen one of the selectively bred specimens which come in leucistic, golden albino, xanthic or albino colors.
Even though they seem appealing, such breeds wouldn’t be able to survive out in the wild, because their color would make them an easy target for predators.
SUGGESTED READ: 10+ Axolotl Colors and Their Morphs
As you can see, water dogs are different from axolotls in more ways than one.
Hopefully, this article answered all of your questions and cleared the confusion surrounding these salamanders.
Share your thoughts down below. | <urn:uuid:365e357f-d2cb-48cf-a5c6-0fe844d2785b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://aquanswers.com/water-dog-vs-axolotl-difference/ | 2024-02-23T23:48:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.955065 | 1,327 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The tale of William the Conqueror is written down by numerous contemporaries with various perspectives. It’s a tale that would inspire some while fascinate and even terrify others.
It’s a tale of a man from a seemingly small land rising to rule one of the most powerful, stable kingdoms in all of Europe at the time, a kingdom that would sow the seeds of an empire that would sprout many centuries later.
William’s story is a fascinating yarn full of twists and turns, wins and losses, political intrigue, and good, old-fashioned raw bursts of emotion.
In some ways, William’s life is quite in line with the mores of his time; he would often be no different than any other medieval ruler, be they the Holy Roman emperor, the Angevine count, the Hungarian king, or the prince of Kievan Rus.
But once you delve deeper into the events that occurred during the Norman king’s life, you’ll see just how innovative, atypical, and, for lack of a better term, different William was. From his birth at Falaise to his death at Rouen, he has been through everything that medieval Europe could throw at him, and, as is evident from hundreds of thousands of books on the subject, including this one, he stood the test of time and achieved proverbial immortality.
If you want to learn more about William the Conqueror, get this book now! | <urn:uuid:bdb82ce7-0f4a-49c1-8a9c-ed1112ff362a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://armadilloebooks.com/william-the-conqueror-a-captivating-guide-to-the-first-norman-king-of-england-who-defeated-the-english-army-led-by-the-king-of-the-anglo-saxons-in-the-battle-of-hastings/ | 2024-02-23T23:23:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.970908 | 302 | 2.75 | 3 |
Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on According to the requirement and i am living in the Santa Barbara. It needs to be at least 500 words. The Three Triangles The three triangles is one of the magnificent sculptures in Santa Barbara. This sculpture is located on the East of Santa Barbara College. The three triangles sculpture by Fletcher Benton is one his many sculptures that he created throughout his illustrious career as an artist. This sculpture epitomizes Benton’s journey and development as an artist. Benton used his sculptures to communicate his life experiences and his background. The three triangles sculpture is not different either, as it mirrors heavily Bento’s background especially his upbringing in iron mining areas of southern Ohio. The aesthetic value of the three triangles remains unclear among artists and art lovers. It is necessary to analyze Bento’s background and his experiences in analyzing the aesthetic value of this sculpture. This is because life experiences and childhood background has profound influence on an artist’s work.
The three triangles has some cultural values that Bento follows. He uses iron and steel to manufacture this sculpture. Bento’s background influences his work. His use of iron signifies his connection to his roots in southern Ohio (Ratcliff, Carter, Collette, Jolei & Fletcher 156). In addition to using art to connect with his roots, this sculpture signifies a breakthrough from mainstream artists especially kinetics artists. Most kinetic artists used aluminum, wood or lacquer in their sculptures. The three triangles sculpture highlights Bento’s innovation. In the development of art, it signifies the end of kinetics art and the beginning of a new artistic style.
The three triangles sculpture signifies the importance of constructivism in Bento’s career (Ratcliff, Carter, Collette, Jolei & Fletcher 186). One of the major differences with other mainstream artists was Bento’s belief in creativity. This sculpture is quintessential of constructivism as a style of art. Bento painted the three triangles sculpture red like the Steel Watercolor sculpture in Cologne Germany. The red painting of this sculpture is in tandem with Santa Barbara college color highlighting Bento’s ability to blend his art with the surrounding environment.
The three triangles sculpture cultural impact is on the use of three-dimensional figures in art. The sculpture contains three triangles. Prior to this sculpture, artists hardly used three-dimensional figures in their artworks. Ratcliff, Carter, Collette, Jolei & Fletcher (225) argues that this sculpture, therefore, exemplifies the use of three-dimensional figures such as triangles, rectangles, squares in art. In addition, the three triangles sculpture signifies the use of geometry and demystification of gravity in artwork. The slanting three triangles are in a row held by a flat base and a circular base at the bottom. The cultural significance of this work is that it embodies the use of geometry and defying of gravity in arts.
Some art analysts argue that this sculpture has no cultural value. One argument for this assertion is that Bento’ sculpture does not culturally influence the society, especially the way the society perceives art. The use of iron and steel has no significant cultural impact on the society but indicates Bento’s connection with iron. Nonetheless, Bento’s innovation especially his use of constructivism has cultural influence on art. Bento’s use of geometry and three-dimensional objects undoubtedly influences the perception of art by the audience. The three triangle sculpture has improved the perspectives through which viewers perceives art.
Ratcliff, Carter, Collette Chattopadhyay, Jolei Leisegang, and Fletcher Benton. .Fletcher Benton: An American Artist. Manchester, VT: Hudson Hills Press, 2008. Print. | <urn:uuid:3f0c492f-d2ed-4a8a-b068-c3c64e2ca37c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://assignmentgeeks.org/hello-i-am-looking-for-someone-to-write-an-article-on-according-to-the-requirement-and-i-am-living-in-the-santa-barbara-it-needs-to-be-at-least-500-words/ | 2024-02-24T00:31:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.940144 | 783 | 2.78125 | 3 |
As the world changes, so do the methods we use to educate students. It’s no secret that technological developments have been coming at a rapid pace in the past few decades, and because of this, educational technology is changing. Integrating technology into your lessons can benefit and support not only learning but also teaching. Technology provides a more engaging learning environment.
Furthermore, it prepares students for the future and also helps students better connect with their peers and teachers. Technology is a great way to encourage and facilitate discussion among students and teachers. Another advantage of technology is the fact that students learn better when they have access to technology. Technology offers a vast variety of techniques which can aid teachers convey the lesson material in order to reach as many students as they can.
There are countless ways in which technology can be used in the classroom, ranging from social media to gamification. What are you waiting for, start your new teaching adventure , turn to technology in order to refresh your teaching styles and engage your students more.
Catherine Perri – JUMP Trainer | <urn:uuid:d512269e-726d-4dae-8df7-c13c0bf5cb1c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://associazionejump.it/blog/online-teaching/ | 2024-02-23T22:52:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.959261 | 212 | 3.34375 | 3 |
August 6, 2020, is the 75th anniversary of the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (the first of two atomic weapons used), leading to the end of the bloodiest war in human history.
For most of the last 75 years, western scholars have waged an unremitting campaign to discredit the dropping of the bomb, asserting America unnecessarily slaughtered Japanese civilians when peace was imminent. I challenge that assertion, and the military and political history of the Pacific-Asia campaign of WWII bears it out.
Almost all academic scholarship since 1970 regarding the dropping of the bomb avoids the military realities of the war with Japan, most importantly, the conduct of the Japanese Imperial Military forces and the military dictatorship which governed Japan.
The Hiroshima bomb, the first actual military atomic weapon, was so unstable that it had to be assembled in flight lest an accidental detonation on takeoff resulted in the death of thousands of American airmen. The B-29 Enola Gay executed its mission, dropping the weapon at 8:15 a.m., which detonated at 1870 feet, releasing a fireball hotter than the surface of the sun. At least 64,000 Japanese died instantly. Hiroshima was a legitimate military target, but the civilian casualties were far less than had occurred in the previous six months from conventional bombing. American firebombing of Japanese cities had resulted in over 200,000 civilian deaths in just one prior raid on Japan’s cities without the Japanese military weakening in their resolve to fight-on. The firebombing was adopted as Japan had dispersed its industrial production throughout civilian neighborhoods, making precision-bombing ineffective with high losses of American aircrews. Shot-down aircrews, after brutal interrogations, were universally executed by Japan’s military.
Japanese Imperial forces devastated China between 1937 and America’s entry into the war in December 1941. In 1937 Japanese forces ravaged the Chinese cosmopolitan city of Nanking, raping 40,000 Chinese women and girls as young as five, killing over 200,000 civilians in a month-long orgy of murder. Japan’s barbarism towards indigenous civilians in the conquered territory, along with prisoners-of-war (POWs) and interned civilians, was emblematic of Japanese military conduct throughout the war in every area of occupation. Those they didn’t immediately murder were raped, tortured, subjected to barbaric medical experiments, or starved-to-death. (Unit 731, a Japanese biological weapons unit in China, killed over 200,000 Chinese civilians and POWs in their experiments, including dissecting victims alive without anesthetic).
As Japanese forces were decimated by Allied advances, the Japanese Imperial Headquarters issued orders to execute all prisoners of war. In the Philippines, this was carried out on the island of Cebu, where allied prisoners were burned alive, prompting a major and successful Army Ranger raid to rescue prisoners on the island of Luzon. Unfortunately, many more prisoners did not survive and would not survive longer due to starvation and disease rapidly killing the 150,000 allied POWs still in captivity.
As Allied forces approached Japan, its forces increasingly engaged in suicidal tactics, choosing death over surrender. Allied casualties mounted with each amphibious operation, culminating in the bloodbath at Iwo Jima, where the Marines suffered 7000 dead, followed by Okinawa, where 23,000 Americans lost their lives. Suicide attacks sank 36 American ships, damaging many more: 293,000 Japanese troops and Okinawan civilians lost their lives.
Japan’s military was determined to fight to the death, even at the cost of the entire civilian population. For example, e.g., schoolgirls were given bamboo spears to charge Allied troops on the beaches as the Imperial staff waxed about “the death of 100 million flowers.”
After the dropping of the second atom bomb, the Japanese military refused to surrender; the Imperial War Council was deadlocked. The Emperor broke the tie, but a Palace military coup attempted (unsuccessfully) to prevent the Emperor from broadcasting his order-to-surrender speech to Japan’s military forces, which finally ended the war.
Over 25 million people died in the Asia/Pacific War, and it’s estimated that 20 million or more Japanese and millions of American/Allied troops would have died had the war continued, including the annihilation of the entire U.S. Marine Corps. Hiroshima was tragic, but ironically, the Bomb conceivably saved Japan’s civilian population from merciless destruction at the hands of its military dictators.
References: The Fall of Japan by William Craig, 1967
Japan’s Longest Day by Pacific War Research Society, 1963 (Japanese translation), 1968, English
The Pacific War: World War II and the Japanese, 1931-1945 by Saburo Ienaga, 1978
Al Fonzi is an independent columnist for The Atascadero News and Paso Robles Press; you can email him at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:8f4858b5-ad54-463b-a614-3ba60004900f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://atascaderonews.com/commentary/commentary-75-years-later/ | 2024-02-23T23:29:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.963842 | 1,014 | 2.609375 | 3 |
In today’s technical world there is an increasing need for evidence in organizations. Good digital evidence is becoming a business enabler. Very few organizations have the structures in area to enable them to conduct cost effective, low-impact and efficient digital investigations. When a digital incident occurs there are generally three courses of actions that are taken, generally dependant on the type of organisation within which the incident occurs, or which is responding the event. Digital Investigation is a medium to organizations which are use to provide good and trustworthy evidence and processes. Traditional investigative models follow the general process of: identify the incident, secure the evidence, analyse the evidence, generate a report on the findings and present the outcome. In the case of an organization infrastructure the primary goal becomes one of risk identification and elimination, followed by recovery and possible offensive measures.
The digital revolution has created the need of new laws, digital forensic investigators, forensic methods, forensic tools and techniques to enable the digital evidence presentable in court of law. Digital forensics and cyber crime investigation is bases on the current legal system and supporting laws available. The infrastructure to investigate cyber and electronic crimes is based on the prevailing cyber and electronic laws. So it is very difficult to adopt specific forensic models to carry out forensics and prepare court admissible reports. Many digital forensics practitioners simply follow technical procedures and forget about the actual purpose and core concept of digital forensic investigation.
In IT Security field, there are a lot of technological aspects, as access control, biometrics, encryption, network security, security algorithm, etc. Each of them has its specific methodology and school of thoughts, but they all rely on one set of fundamental principles. That is, the core IT Security fundamentals – Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. AS the growth of number of security incidents and the sophistication of intrusion techniques, it is highly important for business organisations to safeguard, detect and protect from various computer attacks. Among the various security measures employed by organisations, Digital Investigation is able to catch the attention of various organisations for preventing, detecting and responding to various computer security incidents. Every organisation which is making use of Digital Investigation need to have a framework and set of tools for carrying out investigations as well as protecting from security incidents. It is necessary for organisations to recover as early as possible so that they minimise the costs to the organisation which occur during the downtime. So, typically Digital Investigation is used as a way for responding and safeguarding security incidents. So, typically this research focuses on Digital Investigation and its practices in Business organisations.
Traditional investigative models are linear in nature and require the affected systems to be taken offline during the investigation; subsequently the organisation can potentially loose revenue. The system is typically taken offline until the investigation is complete. A digital investigation can take several months to complete, particularly in a law enforcement context. This research mainly focuses on how Digital investigation is practised across the business organisations. The research aims to find out the kind of framework that is required or employed for Digital Investigation across business organisations, which is achieved through studying one or two organisations and understanding how they practice digital investigation and what kind of framework is required. Further, the challenging aspects that business organisations face with respect to the Digital Investigation are studied. And finally, the open source tools that are available to carry out the digital investigation is further explored.
Computer forensics has appeared as a merger of the disciplines of computer science and the laws which is was as “the utilize of methodically imitative and verified methodology towards the protection, compilation, justification, recognition, investigation, explanation, certification, and production of the digital facts that are imitative from digital basis for the principle of facilitation or auxiliary renovation of the events established to be illegal, or ration to expect the unlawful performance exposed to be disruptive to intended operations”(1). This definition covers the broad aspects of digital forensics from data acquisition to legal actions, while the term digital sources in the definition refers to any resource that can be used in modern communication systems including computer systems, networks, communication streams (wireless) and storage media. An investigator should possess sufficient skills and have enough knowledge about the legal framework or the Internal security policies. Unless evidences are collected using procedures that will be court admissible, the term forensic is not used and the response process is simply denoted digital investigation instead of digital forensic investigation.
During investigation, an investigator is challenged to prove the malice of intruder actions, which can be described in terms of properties over system states that intruders want to masquerade or to make their computation more difficult to perform. Moreover, an investigator represents a third party regarding intruders and has only limited observation of their executed attacks. An IDS alerts file, for instance, only gives an idea on the set of remotely executed commands and does not show how the system behaved with the attack. Before we describe the investigation process, we need to define the basic and fundamental concepts. There are few agreed upon definitions in the area of digital forensic research, so we will clearly state the definitions we are using, even the most basic ones. Digital data are data represented in a numerical form. With modern computers, it is common for the data to be internally represented in a binary encoding, but this is not a requirement. A digital object is a discrete collection of digital data, such as a file, a hard disk sector, a network packet, a memory page, or a process.
In addition to its numerical representation, digital data has a physical representation. For example, the bits in a hard disk are magnetic impulses on platters that can be read with analog sensors. Network wires contain electric signals that represent network packets and keyboard cables contain electric signals that represent which keys were pressed. A computer converts the electric signals to a digital representation. Digital photography and video are a digital representation of the light associated with physical objects. Digital data can be stored on many mediums and each has different properties that determine how long the data will reside. For example, data will reside on a keyboard cable for a fraction of a second, but it may reside on a hard disk for a hard disk for years. After the occurrence of security incident, an investigator starts collecting the set of left evidence on the system. We classify the latter in three forms: history-based, actions-based, and predicate based evidences. We suppose within this work that all these collected evidence are trusted, meaning that the intruder has the ability to notice altered evidences before collecting them for analysis.
Some environments have developed policies and laws that forbid certain events from occurring. An incident is an event or sequence of events that violate a policy and more specifically, a crime is an event or sequence or events that violate a law. In particular, a digital incident is one or more digital events that violate a policy. In response to an incident or crime, an investigation may begin. An investigation is a process that develops and tests hypotheses to answer questions about events that occurred. Example questions include “what caused the incident to occur”, “when did the incident occur”, and “where did the incident occur”. For the framework, the following definitions of evidence, which are a little more general and do not focus on the cause and effect relationship, are used. Physical evidence of an incident is any physical object that contains reliable information that supports or refutes a hypothesis about the incident and digital evidence of an incident is any digital data that contain reliable information that supports or refutes a hypothesis about the incident. It is understood that an object has information about the incident because it was a cause or effect in an event related to the incident. Note that because digital data has a physical form, then physical evidence can contain digital evidence.
In framework, the collection of the hard disk is the collection of physical evidence and the collection of a digital object from the hard disk is the collection of digital evidence. Also note that the difference between physical and digital evidence is in their format and has nothing to do with the type of incident. Therefore, we can have digital evidence for a physical incident or crime. For example, a digital video camera will create a digital representation of a physical event and the resulting file will be digital evidence of the event. We can also have physical evidence for a digital crime.
The Digital Forensics Research Working Group (DFRW) developed a framework with the following steps: classification, conservation, compilation, inspection, analysis, production, and conclusion . This framework puts in place an important foundation for future work and includes two crucial stages of the investigation. Components of an investigation stage as well as presentation stage are present. Reith proposed a framework which will include number of mechanisms which are not stated in the above frameworks. The full listed components are: identification, preparation, approach, strategy, preservation, collection, examination, analysis, presentation, and returning evidence . This comprehensive process offers a number of advantages, as listed by the authors. For example, a number of the components can be included in other stages of an investigation, as will be shown later. The model proposed by Ciardhuáin is probably the most complete to date. The steps or phases are also called ‘activities’. The model includes the following activities: awareness, authorization, planning and notification, search for and identify evidence, collection transportation, storage, examination, hypothesis, presentation, proof/ defence, and dissemination .
Cite This Work
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: | <urn:uuid:9c4c520f-019b-4628-a3f8-9e0cf2bf882b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://au.freedissertation.com/literature-reviews/digital-forensic-investigation-in-organisations/ | 2024-02-23T22:53:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.94645 | 1,915 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The power of administrative agencies comes from the executive branch of the government. Congress passes laws to carry out specific directives. The passing of these laws often creates a need for a government agency that will implement and carry out these laws. The government is not able to perform the work itself or manage the employees who will do the work. Instead, it creates agencies to do this. Assigning this authority to agencies is called delegation. The agencies have focus and expertise in their specific area of authority. However, it is important to note that Congress gives these agencies just enough power to fulfill their responsibilities.
Although administrative agencies are created by Congress, most administrative agencies are part of the executive branch of the government. The executive branch of government of the United States is headed by the president of the United States. Administrative agencies are created to enforce and administer laws, and the executive branch was created to oversee administrative agencies. Administrative agencies conduct exams and investigations of the entities they regulate. As a result of being part of the executive branch of government, the leaders of administrative agencies are generally appointed by the executive branch.
Administrative agencies also have responsibilities that mirror the responsibilities of the judicial branch of government. Administrative law judges (ALJ) have two primary duties. First, they oversee procedural aspects, like depositions of witnesses related to a case. They have the ability to review rules and statutes and review decisions related to their agencies. They also determine the facts and then make a judgment related to whether or not the agency’s rules were broken. They act like a trial judge in a court, but their jurisdiction is limited to evaluating if rules established by certain government agencies were violated. They can award money, other benefits, and punish those found guilty of violating the rules.
Well-known federal agencies include the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Federal Election Commission (FEC), and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). These agencies were created to serve specific purposes. For instance, the FBI was created to investigate federal crimes. A federal crime is one that violates federal criminal law, rather than a state’s criminal law. The EPA was created to combine federal functions that were instituted protect the environment. The NLRB was created to carry out the National Labor Relations Act of 1935.
The goal of federal agencies is to protect the public. The EPA was created in response to concerns about the dumping of toxic chemicals in waterways and about air pollution. It began when the Cuyahoga River in Ohio burst into flames without warning. President Richard Nixon presented a plan to reduce pollution from cars, end the dumping of pollutants into waterways, tax businesses for some environmentally unfriendly practices, and reduce pollution in other ways. The EPA was created by Congress in response to these environmental concerns and President Richard Nixon’s plan. It is given the authority and responsibility to protect the environment from businesses, so that the people can enjoy a clean and safe environment.
As mentioned in the previous section, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created to protect the consumer. It investigates and addresses activities that limit competition between businesses. The organization enforces antitrust laws that prevent one organization from restraining competition or seeking to maintain full control over a market. In December of 2006, the FTC ruled on the merger of America Online, Inc. (AOL) and Time Warner, Inc. The FTC decided that the joining of these two companies would limit the ability of other organizations to compete in the cable internet marketplace. The FTC ordered the merged company, AOL Time Warner, to do certain things that permitted competitors to engage, including opening its system to competitors’ internet services and not interfering with the transmission signal being passed through the system. Doing so prevented the large company from shutting out its competitors. These are just a few examples of administrative agencies that were created to protect the community from business activities that could negatively impact the environment or the consumer.
Administrative agencies are made up of experts, and they are trusted by Congress to identify the agency structure that best serves their specific goals. Thus, each agency is structured differently.
The FTC is a well-known agency and is organized into bureaus. Each bureau is focused on an agency goal. The three bureaus are consumer protection, competition, and economics. The Bureau of Consumer Protection focuses on unfair and deceptive business practices by encouraging consumers to voice complaints, investigate, and file lawsuits against companies. It also develops rules to maintain fair practices and educates consumers and businesses about rights and responsibilities. The Bureau of Competition focuses on antitrust laws and, by doing so, supports lower prices and choices for the consumer. And, lastly, the Bureau of Economics concentrates on consumer protection investigation, rulemaking, and the economic impact of government regulations on businesses and consumers.
These agencies are not unrestrained in their operations. First, there are due process requirements created in the Constitution. Rules must be reasonable and based on facts. Second, rules cannot violate anyone’s constitutional rights or civil liberties. Third, there must be an opportunity for the public to voice its support, or lack of support, for a rule. In 1946, the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) was enacted. Under the APA, agencies must follow certain procedures to make their rules enforceable statutes. The Act set up a full system for the execution of administrative law by administrative agencies for the federal government. Although agencies have power, government agencies must still act within the structures in place, including the Constitution, span of authority, statutory limitations, and other restrictions. The APA outlines roles, powers, and procedures of agencies. It organizes administrative functions into rulemaking and adjudication.
The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the creative commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University. For questions regarding this license, please contact [email protected]. Download for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/b...w-i-essentials. | <urn:uuid:8d41cacf-0db3-42e2-9d8a-774d6e02bc8f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Book%3A_Business_Law_I_Essentials_(NWTC__OpenStax)/10%3A_Government_Regulation/10.03%3A_Regulatory_Agencies | 2024-02-24T00:17:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.966701 | 1,259 | 4.3125 | 4 |
The lush natural environment is part of why Portland is so loved by residents and visitors alike. But unfortunately, all the natural beauty doesn’t come without some problems. If you own a home or business in Portland – especially on a slope or near a waterway – you know that contending with issues like heavy rain, erosion, strong winds, and unstable soil can be a real challenge.
Soil health and stability make the foundation of any residential or commercial landscape. Healthy soil provides structural support and nutrition to your plants, acts as a filter to keep waterways clean, and can even help mitigate the impacts of climate change. But maintaining healthy soil and fighting erosion on your property can be complicated if you don’t know where to start.
Our experts at Blessing Landscapes are here to break down how to prevent erosion and give you some tips for improving soil health in Portland’s unique environment.
Understanding Portland’s Soil
Unlike dirt, soil is a complex ecosystem composed of billions of dead and living organisms as well as minerals, water, and air. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a given soil determine its texture, which in turn impacts important things like drainage, moisture content, and erosion potential. But soil composition is different in different cities, and even within Portland, each property has its own unique soil characteristics.
In general, Willamette Valley soils are well-drained and deep, forming in silty glaciolacustrine deposits on level or gently sloped terraces. The high silt content in Portland soils means they contain more nutrients than sandy soils and retain moisture well. However, it can also make them prone to water and wind erosion when they’re not stabilized by plant cover, particularly in sloped areas.
Local Erosion Challenges
Erosion can occur when soil, rock, or sediment is exposed to flowing water, rain, and/or strong winds. It can also be exacerbated by animal or human activity. In Portland’s wet climate, erosion prevention is essential to ensure the safety of people and property, maintain water quality and soil health, and protect fish and wildlife from potential pollutants.
Erosion control and prevention efforts should always be tailored to the specific situation. Soil composition, slope, temperature and moisture conditions, structures, nearby plants, and land use are just a few of the many factors that should be considered when determining how to prevent soil erosion. Erosion-control strategies should also be as sustainable and noninvasive as possible in order to protect the natural environment and all living creatures in the area.
Cultivating Robust Soil Health and Controlling Erosion
Organic Soil Amendments
One of the most effective and simple approaches to improving soil health is the use of organic soil amendments. A soil amendment is a material or substance added to a given soil to improve its physical or nutritional properties (e.g. permeability, fertility, water retention, aeration, structure). Examples of organic amendments include:
- Wood chips
- Grass clippings
It’s important to note that the pH of your soil matters when it comes to the efficacy of soil amendments. Highly alkaline soils need to be brought down to a neutral pH in order to be effective. Understanding the soil on your property or working with landscaping experts who understand soil composition and acidity is essential to improving the health of your soil and your plants.
Cover Cropping Techniques
If you’re wondering how to prevent erosion on a slope in a natural way, without expensive or invasive procedures, cover cropping is often the best place to start. Cover crops increase organic matter within soil and improve soil fertility. They also help prevent soil erosion by protecting the surface from rain and wind, strengthening the soil structure with root systems, and encouraging water infiltration.
The native plant experts at Blessing Landscapes can help you determine the right cover crops for your needs, but options that are generally suitable for Portland’s climate and soil characteristics include:
- Legumes (e.g. hairy vetch or crimson clover)
- Cereals and grasses (e.g. winter wheat or barley)
- Brassicas (oilseed radish or mustard)
Natural Erosion-Control and Soil-Improvement Measures for Your Landscape
Preventing erosion and protecting your soil and plants is just one of the many benefits of landscape design and planning. Planting trees, cover crops, and other plants in your yard without considering the soil and structural conditions on your property is likely to lead to issues down the line, especially if you have a sloped lot or drainage issues.
At Blessing Landscapes, our landscape design process is tailored to the unique characteristics of your Portland property as well as your individual needs, preferences, goals, and concerns. We can help you implement customized soil health principles and use landscaping to prevent erosion in the most effective and long-lasting way possible.
Mulching for Soil Conservation
One of the best and most natural ways to keep your soil and plants healthy, control weeds, prevent erosion, and conserve water is to use mulch in your landscape. Mulch is a protective and insulating ground cover that reduces evaporation and helps soil retain moisture more effectively, and it can be organic or inorganic.
In Portland and the rest of the Willamette Valley region, organic mulches like bark, wood chips, leaves, grass clippings, or pine needles are excellent options if you’re looking to add nutrients to the soil, because these materials compost over time. Inorganic mulches like gravel, landscape fabrics, pebbles, or plastic last longer and may provide more immediate protection against erosion, but may not be as eco-friendly or sustainable.
Sustainable Landscaping Practices
Permeable Hardscaping and Xeriscaping
Fighting erosion and keeping your outdoor spaces looking beautiful doesn’t have to be harmful to the environment. In fact, Blessing Landscapes takes a sustainable approach to these practices.
- Hardscaping your property by installing patios, walkways, pavers, and retaining walls is one of the most effective and long-lasting solutions for erosion; permeable hardscapes offer the same benefits while simultaneously reducing stormwater runoff and filtering harmful pollutants.
- Xeriscaping is a sustainable landscaping strategy used to reduce or completely eliminate the need for traditional irrigation; the practice can be used in both dry and wet climates and can help combat the impact of climate change.
Rain Gardens for Natural Drainage
Increasingly popular in both residential and commercial landscaping, rain gardens help manage stormwater runoff efficiently and sustainably while also adding to the natural beauty of a landscape.
Contaminants accumulate when stormwater flows over impermeable surfaces like roofs, driveways, and streets. The plants, soils, and other materials used in rain gardens help to filter out these toxins by capturing the first inch or so of water runoff, where contaminants tend to concentrate. At Blessing Landscapes, we design, install, and maintain beautiful rain gardens in Portland that improve stormwater management while contributing to a more sustainable city.
Improve Soil Health and Prevent Erosion With Natural, Eco-Friendly Landscaping Solutions in Portland
Maintaining a beautiful landscape and protecting your property and gardens from erosion doesn’t have to be invasive or harmful to the environment. At Blessing Landscapes, our award-winning team of experts is focused on working with the natural environment, not against it. If you need help controlling erosion, improving or maintaining the health of your soil, managing water accumulation, or simply creating beautiful and sustainable outdoor spaces, we’ve got you covered.
Contact us to learn more about how we work, tell us about your needs, and to get started transforming your property today! | <urn:uuid:58d43969-69f0-461f-840a-5c250aaa548e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://blessingland.com/blog/natural-solutions-for-soil-health-and-erosion/ | 2024-02-23T23:31:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.924028 | 1,618 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Preliminary Climate Summary for November 2020:
In contrast to October, this November was very much warmer than normal. Most climate stations report an average monthly temperature that ranges from 4 to 6°F above normal. This means that November of 2020 will likely rank among the top 7 warmest in Minnesota history back to 1895.
The week of November 3-9 was the warmest week in November history here. Within the state climate observation network over 200 daily record maximum temperatures were recorded, along with over 120 record warm daily minimum temperatures. For the first time in history Minnesota recorded 4 days during November when the daily maximum temperature reached 80°F or greater. On the 4th, the 5th, and the 7th, new all-time state temperature records were set with readings of 84°F, 82°F, and 80°F. Extremes for the month ranged from 84°F at Granit Falls (Yellow Medicine County) on the 4th to -2°F at Camp Norris (Lake of the Woods County) on the 13th.
Precipitation for the month was highly variable, ranging from less than 1 inch in some western and northern counties, to over 2.5 inches in some parts of southeastern and northeaster Minnesota. Total snowfall amounts around the state ranged from just a trace in some southern and western areas to over 19 inches at Duluth. Most of the snowfall came over November 10-11 when 23 climate stations reported setting new daily record snowfall amounts, ranging from 4 to 9 inches.
The other weather feature of the month was sunshine. This was one of the sunnier Novembers, as a third of the days brought mostly sunny conditions to the state. November is historically the cloudiest month of the year, so this feature was very welcome.
Weekly Weather Potpourri:
This week’s AGU-EOS bulletin features a short article explaining the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2019-2020 and how its features were regulated in part by the stratospheric polar vortex and the \Arctic Oscillation patterns.
This week the BBC features a film about how the railways in the United Kingdom, Australia and India are tapping into solar arrays for some of their power and moving towards a greener future.
Researchers have been following vegetation trends across the planet's driest areas using satellite imagery from recent decades. They have identified a troubling trend: Too little vegetation is sprouting up from rainwater in developing nations, whereas things are headed in the opposite direction in wealthier ones. As a result, the future could see food shortages and growing numbers of climate refugees. Science Daily reports on this study from the University of Copenhagen.
MPR listener question:
We live in Marshall, MN (Lyon County) and earlier this month recorded three days in a row with a high temperature of 80°F on the 5th, 6th, and 7th of November. Two questions: have we ever recorded 80 degrees F in November before, and is the 7th the latest date to do so?
There is only one other time when Marshall has seen an 80°F temperature in November. That occurred on November 1, 1938 when the afternoon temperature hit 80°F. November 7th is the latest ever autumn date for such a temperature in the Marshall climate record.Twin Cities Almanac for November 27th:
The average MSP high temperature for this date is 34 degrees F (plus or minus 10 degrees F standard deviation), while the average low is 20 degrees F (plus or minus 10 degrees F standard deviation).
MSP Local Records for November 27th:
MSP records for this date include: highest daily maximum temperature of 64 degrees F in 1998; lowest daily maximum temperature of 7 degrees F in 1930; lowest daily minimum temperature of -13 degrees F in 1872; highest daily minimum temperature of 37 degrees F in 1962; record precipitation of 0.90 inches in 1905. Record snowfall is 4.9 inches in 1983.
Average dew point for November 27th is 17°F; the maximum dew point on this date is 44°F in 2005; and the minimum dew point on this date is -14 degrees F in 1996.
All-time state records for November 27th:
The state record high temperature for this date is 71 degrees F at Fairmont (Martin County) in 1998. The state record low temperature for this date is -31 degrees F at Argyle (Marshall County) in 1887. The state record precipitation for this date is 2.75 inches at Pine River (Cass County) in 1988. Record snowfall is 24.0 inches at New London (Kandiyohi County) in 2001.
Past Weather Features:
November 27, 1887 was likely the coldest in state history. Temperatures in the minus twenties prevailed across portions of central and northern Minnesota. It was -12°F as far south as Rochester. The daytime high at Moorhead only reached -4°F.
November 27, 1998 was the warmest in state history with most climate stations reporting afternoon high temperatures in the 60s F. Both Fairmont and Amboy reached 70 degrees F. Many area golf courses were open for business.
A sunny weekend starting out very warm on Saturday with perhaps some highs in the 50s F, may be even 60°F in western Minnesota. Continued sunny on Sunday, but much cooler with temperatures closer to normal. Generally sunny and dry all of next week with temperatures a few degrees above normal. | <urn:uuid:f5d745b3-882e-4b4e-971e-8dbd066e84df> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://blog-weathertalk.extension.umn.edu/2020/11/preliminary-climate-summary-for.html | 2024-02-24T00:02:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.948123 | 1,132 | 3.03125 | 3 |
When J.K. Rowling, author of the famous Harry Potter series, admitted that she wrote The Cuckoo's Calling under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith, the world was in uproar. It should come as no surprise that Rowling would choose to write under a false name, though. After all, she originally hid her identity by writing as J.K. Rowling—rather than using her full name, Joanne Rowling—and she's not the first legendary author to use a pseudonym.On the contrary, Rowling is in terrific company! She used a pseudonym "for the joy of it," but authors' motives are quite varied. Here's a round-up of some famous authors and their better or lesser known pseudonyms.
Samuel Clemens grew up in Hannibal, Missouri. He eventually went to work for his older brother at the local paper, and it was there that he first used a pseudonym. When filling in for the editor, Clemens signed his article "W. Epaminondas Adrastus Perkins." Later he would also write under the names Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass, Quintus Curtis Snodgrass, and others. He wasn't the only one publishing under false names; the self-important steamboat pilot Isaiah Sellers, who was published in the New Orleans paper, used the name "Mark Twain," and Clemens liked the way it sounded. By February 1863, Clemens thought that Sellers had passed away—and decided to appropriate his cognomen! He signed three letters to the Enterprise on the legislative session in Carson City as Mark Twain. He continued to publish under the name, and soon the original pseudonym owner was overshadowed by the new Mark Twain.
Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronte
The Bronte sisters originally published under the respective names Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell. Their first book, which they published in May 1846 at their own expense, was a volume of poetry, and they feared that the book would be received less warmly if it was published by women. The sisters chose more gender-neutral names because they had misgivings about using outright masculine names. Anne wrote in her introduction to Wuthering Heights that "while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because—without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what was called "feminine"—we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice."
The "Inimitable" Charles Dickens launched his career anonymously. His first published piece appeared in The Monthly Magazine in December 1833. Entitled "Mr. Minns and His Cousins," the sketch bore no name. Dickens continued to publish anonymously until August 1834, when "The Boarding House" appeared with the signature "The Inimitable Boz." The epithet was an adaptation of Dickens' nickname for his younger brother Augustus. Dickens called him "Moses," after a character in Oliver Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield. Pronounced through the nose, this name became "Boses," and was easily shortened to "Boz." The pseudonym proved quite the mystery, even inspiring verses in the March 1837 Bentley's Miscellany:
"Who the dickens 'Boz' could be
Puzzled many a learned elf
Till Time unveiled the mystery
And 'Boz' appeared as Dickens' self"
After Dickens was revealed to be "The Inimitable Boz," he dropped the "Boz" but continued to be known as "The Inimitable."
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was a mathematical lecturer at Oxford University. The scholar was also interested in photography, religion, science...and storytelling. Dodgson took particular pleasure in weaving tales and making up puzzles for children. Before he published Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), he decided that he wanted to protect his privacy—a common practice among Victorian authors. He took the first two parts of his name and translated them into Latin, yielding Carolus Ludovicus. He reversed their order and translated them loosely back to English, yielding Lewis Carroll. The nom de guerre was one of several that Dodgson submitted to his publisher as possibilities. It was the publisher who actually selected Lewis Carroll. Dodgson guarded his privacy fiercely, even refusing letters addressed to his home that bore his pseudonym. But occasionally, to smooth introductions to children or members of high society, Dodgson would use his pen name.
Louisa May Alcott
Famous for writing the wholesome novel Little Women, Louisa May Alcott penned a much wider variety of works than most people realize. She started out writing under the pen name Flora Fairfield, largely because she wasn't sure she wanted to pursue a career in writing. In 1862, Alcott began using the name A.M. Barnard, and some of her melodramas were produced on the Boston stage under this name. It was in 1863, with her Hospital Sketches, that Alcott decided to devote herself to writing. Shortly thereafter, she began writing articles for The Atlantic Monthly and Ladies' Companion that bore her own name. But it wasn't until decades later that Alcott's secret identity was revealed. Using the pseudonym A.M. Barnard, Alcott had published a number of "blood and thunder" stories—both lurid and unbefitting to a lady—to pay her family's bills. Scholars Leona Rosenberg and Madeleine B. Stern were poring over Alcott's correspondence at Harvard University's Houghton Library when they encountered five letters from 1865 and 1866. The letters, from Alcott's Boston publisher James R Elliott, stated, "We would like more stories from you...and if you prefer you may use the pseudonym of A.M. Barnard or any other man's name if you will." The letters also outlined the stories Alcott had written under the name and the publications they appeared in.
Stay tuned for the second installment for more famous authors and their sometimes-unexepcted pseudonyms! | <urn:uuid:6e44b31c-c8f6-4652-ba67-575ea8cf7b09> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/bid/317643/Famous-Authors-and-Their-Pseudonyms-Part-One | 2024-02-23T23:21:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.980842 | 1,246 | 2.875 | 3 |
Basic physics is an integral part of every engineering curriculum. However, the sophistication of many areas of engineering, coupled with the staggering rate of technological advance, has created a need for engineers with much stronger backgrounds in math and physics—people who can work in an engineering environment and who are capable of applying advanced physics concepts to bring innovations to the marketplace. For example, the development of the computer closely followed the invention of the transistor. Consider the number of other physical phenomena (lasers, nuclear reactors, semiconductors, nuclear magnetic resonance, particle accelerators, etc.) that have been developed by engineers into modern technologies.
Engineering Physics is particularly attractive to those students who may attend graduate school, even if they have not yet decided on a particular field. An advanced physics and mathematics background, coupled with an engineering curriculum, is excellent preparation for most graduate engineering programs and for traditional physics or applied physics programs. Additionally, for those students that are seeking industry careers after their undergraduate degrees, the Engineering Physics curriculum offers the opportunity to focus in an advanced engineering area while developing a strong fundamental physics foundation.
Engineering Physics meets the stated needs by providing a thorough curriculum in basic and advanced engineering courses combined with sufficient physics and mathematics to be equivalent to a traditional degree in physics. A unique feature of the curriculum is the elective sequence of engineering courses that the student elects in a specialized field of engineering. This sequence of courses is chosen by the student (with the advisor’s input and approval) in any field of interest, such as quantum computing, data science, microprocessor design, plasma science and technology, electro-optics, computational methods or bioengineering, to name just a few. With 42 credit hours of electives in math, engineering and physics, the student has a high degree of flexibility and opportunity for exploring or specializing in fields of their interest. Many Engineering Physics students also take advantage of the extensive research opportunities on campus, both in engineering and in science departments.
The Engineering Physics degree program is administered by the Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Department.
Faculty Program Advisors
2911 Cooley Laboratory
Undergraduate Program Manger
1919 Cooley Laboratory
For more specific information on contacting people – go to our Contacts page. | <urn:uuid:bacb2073-0e8b-45a9-b6bf-3b0a7deac24c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://bulletin.engin.umich.edu/depts/engin-phys/ | 2024-02-24T00:31:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.943134 | 454 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What are bonds is an agreement between two people in which one person agrees to do something for the other person in exchange for money.
What are a lisa pemberton bond?
A lisa pemberton bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay them interest or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity date. lisa pemberton Bond are issued by public authorities, credit institutions, companies, and supranational institutions in the primary markets. The bond is a debt contract between two parties, usually denominated in a foreign currency, and typically with interest-bearing terms.
The different types of bonds
There are many different types of bonds, and the meaning of each one can vary slightly. However, in general, a bond is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to provide financial or other assistance to the other party. The most common type of bonds a debt bond in which one party agrees to loan money to another party. Other types of bond include surety bond, in which one party agrees to indemnify another party against losses incurred due to the latter’s actions; performance bond, in which one party agrees to pay another party if the latter fails to meet certain obligations; and collateral bond, in which one party pledges property as security for the performance of another party.
Debt bonds are often used by governments and corporations to finance large projects. Other types of bonds include surety bonds, performance bonds, and collateral bonds. Surety bonds are used to indemnify one party against losses incurred due to the actions of another party. Performance bonds are used to pay one party if the other party fails to meet certain obligations. Collateral bonds are used when one party pledges property as security for the performance of another party.
The benefits of investing in bond
Bond is a type of debt security in which the investor loans money to an entity (corporate or governmental) that borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to finance projects and operations. The primary benefit of investing in bonds is that they offer relatively low risk compared to stocks and other investments. This is because bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuer, meaning that if the issuer defaults on its payments, bondholders will still be paid. Additionally, bonds typically pay periodic interest payments, known as coupons, which can provide investors with a steady stream of income.
Bond is a type of investment that can offer several benefits, including:
1. Regular income – Bond typically make regular interest payments, which can provide a helpful source of income.
2. Diversification – Adding bonds to your portfolio can help diversify your investments and reduce overall risk.
3. Stability – Bond tends to be less volatile than stocks, so they can provide stability during times of market turbulence.
4. Safety – Although there is no such thing as a guaranteed investment, bonds are generally considered to be safer than stocks.
5. Flexibility – Bond come in a variety of types and lengths, so you can find ones that fit your investment goals and timeline.
If you’re looking for a way to add some stability and income to your portfolio, a bond may be the right choice for you. Talk to your financial advisor about whether investing in bond is right for you.
The risks of investing in bond
When it comes to investing, there are a lot of different options out there. But one option that many people consider is investing in a bond. Bond can be a great way to earn some extra income, but there are also some risks involved.
One of the biggest risks of investing in bonds is that they can lose value. This is because bond are generally issued by companies or governments to raise money. If the company or government gets into financial trouble, the bondholders could lose money.
Another risk of investing in bonds is that interest rates can change. If interest rates go up, the value of a bond will generally go down. This is because when interest rates are high, people are less likely to want to invest in bonds.
Overall, investing in bonds can be a great way to earn some extra income. However, there are also some risks involved. It is important to understand these risks before investing any money.
How to choose the right bonds for you
When it comes to investing in bonds, there are a lot of factors to consider. But with so many options out there, how do you know which bonds are right for you? Here are a few things to keep in mind when choosing bonds:
-Your investment goals: What are you looking to achieve with your investment? Are you trying to generate income or grow your capital?
-Your time frame: How long do you plan on holding the bond? Bond can be short-term or long-term investments.
-Your risk tolerance: Are you willing to accept some risk in exchange for potentially higher returns? Or do you prefer a more conservative approach?
Once you have a better idea of what you’re looking for, you can start researching different bonds. There are many resources available online, or you can speak with a financial advisor for more personalized guidance.
A bond is a financial instrument that represents an agreement between two parties like nicholas cirillo and DGM. The first party, known as the issuer, promises to pay the second party, known as the investor, a certain amount of money over some time. Bonds are typically issued by government bonds and large corporations to raise money for various projects. | <urn:uuid:dca3753b-d5de-492c-b2e0-be6ae8fcb971> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://businessfig.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-bonds/ | 2024-02-23T23:31:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.967759 | 1,154 | 3.34375 | 3 |
“Which side are you on?” That’s the question that every single person in Connecticut, including those here in Canterbury, had to answer in 1775 as the thirteen colonies began a rebellion against British rule. Loyalty was not only a matter of words or opinion. For soldiers and civilians alike, loyalty could mean loss of fortune, friends, and even of life. This presentation reveals stories – some well known, some obscure – of Nutmeggers who risked and sacrificed to support their chosen side during this “tumultuous jarring time of civil war.”
Free and open to the public, please join the Canterbury Historical Society as we welcome the Connecticut Museum of Culture and History for this historical presentation following our regularly scheduled monthly business meeting at 7 PM in the Canterbury Town Hall Community Room, 1 Municipal Drive. | <urn:uuid:50d77142-0c15-4dac-8dba-38158d5f9470> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://canterburyhistorical.org/event/tories-spies-and-traitors-divided-loyalty-in-revolutionary-connecticut/ | 2024-02-23T23:52:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.961367 | 170 | 3.078125 | 3 |
As in other parts of the Catholic world, Christmas and Easter are major feasts in the Church calendar. But in Ethiopia, a different feast, Meskel, competes for top billing in the lives as believers. In interviews for this project, almost all of the interviewees, lay and religious, suggested that this was their favorite religious feast of the year, a long-anticipated and special day. Officially, Meskel is a minor Christian feast. Practically, it is a major national event.
The feast celebrates the finding of the True Cross in the early fourth century by St. Helena, the mother of the Emperor Constantine, and corresponds to the Feast of the Holy Cross in the West. It has been celebrated in its present incarnation for more than 600 years, and in other forms at least since the 13th century, perhaps since the fourth.1
Perhaps just as importantly, it coincides with the predictable end of a long and difficult season of heavy rains, a kind of wintertime when food supplies fall short. The feast is celebrated (on September 27, according to the Western calendar) at a time when the rains end, and a yellow daisy-like flower, also called meskel, blooms all over the hills surrounding Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia.
The main national feast is held in Meskel Square, a huge square in Addis Ababa named and dedicated particularly for the celebration of the feast, with a semi-circular stadium viewing area for tens of thousands of people. The celebration is presided over by bishops and civic leaders. In the 2013 celebration pictured here, the Catholic metropolitan archbishop participated in the celebration. While the celebrations in the capital are large, Meskel is a time when many urbanites return home to villages. Neighborhoods and villages celebrate the Meskel in thousands of local celebrations.
The celebration begins in earnest on September 26, the eve of the feast. That morning, in public squares or at intersections, people prepare the demera, a tall pyramid of branches that looks from a distance like a like a fir tree, topped with a cross of meskel flowers. In the late afternoon, people dance and celebrate in the area around the demera. At Meskel Square, dozens of large dance groups move through the square below the viewing stand. Clergy and public leaders give speeches, and floats with biblical themes parade around the grounds. As darkness begins to set in, the demera is set ablaze. The smoke is said to recall the smoke that supposedly led St. Helena to the site of the True Cross. Celebrants then feast together, whether at the demera site or with their families. The following day, the official day of the Feast of the Finding of the True Cross, Ethiopians attend liturgy and a feast and celebrate with family and friends. Many use the ashes from the demera to mark themselves with a cross.
Ethiopian rite Catholics participate fully in the national and local celebrations, and celebrate it similarly as their own feast. Many Catholic churches have smaller Meskel burnings and feasts later on the eve of Meskel, after the national and local celebrations. At Holy Saviour, a Catholic parish in Addis Ababa, clergy and parishioners burn their own demera following the burning in the square, and then celebrate around the fire with a special meal. At the Catholic cathedral, the archbishop celebrates with a burning Meskel pyre, the demera, on the following day, the day of the feast itself, after the Mass.
Bread & Bulls: Foods of the Feast
One interviewee, who described Meskel as her favorite feast of the year, told how, after Mass and the breaking of the feast, she would return home for feasting and visits with neighbors and friends. The eating of injera, a flatbread considered a national dish in Ethiopia, took on special Eucharistic significance for the family that day, she said. The man of the house would be in charge of breaking the injera, and the day included plenty of eating and sharing. The ways of celebrating Meskel were no different for Catholics compared to Orthodox neighbors, all reported, except that they went to Mass at different churches.
Meskel is said to be particularly valued and well celebrated among Gurage2 people. Adult children, especially those who have moved away from the village in search of their fortunes, are expected to provide a bull or goat for their parents to slaughter for Meskel. Those children who do not honor this responsibility may be cursed for failing their families. The slaughter itself is part of the feast. An elder male blesses the animal with the sign of the cross, a request that God save the people in the coming year and provide prosperity for the children who provided the animal. The men take a shot of local alcohol, and the bull is slaughtered. The bull has to fall to the right side, or at least be turned afterward on that side. The meat is prepared in a variety of ways and shared with celebrants, and can last a week. Celebrations there generally mix Catholic and Orthodox except at liturgies, though in some places Orthodox will only eat the meat if it has been blessed and slaughtered by an Orthodox man, since he will usually hold to a more rigorous fast throughout the year than would be required of a Catholic.
- 1Steven Kaplan, "Finding the True Cross: The Social-Political Dimensions of the Ethiopian Mäsqäl Festival," Journal Of Religion In Africa 38.4 (November 2008): 449. The date was originally during Lent, but changed to the current date, probably turning pre-Christian traditions into a Christian feast.
- 2For a brief introduction to Gurage customs and social structures, see Nahu Senay, "Gurage," in Peripheral People: the excluded minorities of Ethiopia, ed. Deena Freeman and Alula Pankhurst (Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003), 33-45. | <urn:uuid:36d2fc8e-b11d-4cdd-9dc2-874c31d26d02> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://catholicsandcultures.com/ethiopia/meskel | 2024-02-23T22:12:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.956625 | 1,217 | 2.703125 | 3 |
If you’re new to the world of networking and domain management, the term “BIND” might sound a bit mysterious. However, BIND, or Berkeley Internet Name Domain, is a crucial component in the realm of the Domain Name System (DNS). In simpler terms, BIND is a software suite that enables the translation of human-friendly domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. This article aims to provide a beginner-friendly introduction to this software and its significance in the world of networking.
What is BIND?
BIND, developed by the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC), is an open-source DNS server software. DNS is like the phonebook of the internet, translating user-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into the numeric IP addresses (such as 192.168.1.1) that computers use to identify each other on a network.
BIND essentially acts as the middleman in this translation process. When you type a domain name into your web browser, BIND is responsible for finding the corresponding IP address from its database and facilitating the connection between your device and the desired server.
- DNS Resolver: BIND includes a DNS resolver, which is responsible for receiving queries from client devices (like your computer or smartphone) and finding the corresponding IP address. It acts as a mediator between the client and the authoritative DNS server.
- Authoritative DNS Server: BIND can function as an authoritative DNS server, holding the official records for a particular domain. When someone queries a domain managed by this software, it responds with accurate information, directing the client to the correct IP address.
- Primary and Secondary Servers: BIND allows for the configuration of Primary and Secondary servers. The Primary server holds the original DNS records, while the Secondary server copies and mirrors this information. This redundancy enhances the reliability and performance of DNS.
How BIND Works?
When you enter a domain name in your browser, the following steps occur:
- Client Query: Your device sends a DNS query to a DNS resolver, often provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
- DNS Resolver Request: If the resolver doesn’t have the IP address for the requested domain, it sends a request to the authoritative DNS server.
- Authoritative DNS Server Response: The authoritative DNS server, possibly running BIND, responds with the correct IP address.
- Response to the Client: The DNS resolver returns the IP address to your device, allowing your browser to connect to the desired server.
Installing and Configuring
For those eager to set up their BIND server, the process involves installing the BIND software on a server machine and configuring it to manage one or more domains. The ISC provides comprehensive documentation and guides for installation and configuration on various operating systems.
In the intricate web of the internet, BIND plays a vital role in ensuring that when you type a domain name into your browser, you seamlessly reach the intended destination. This DNS server software, with its ability to handle authoritative DNS functions and resolve queries, is a fundamental building block of the Internet infrastructure. As you delve deeper into networking and domain management, understanding it becomes increasingly essential for anyone seeking to navigate the digital landscape effectively. | <urn:uuid:b00c474f-f084-4b6a-8488-eee20e654351> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://cheapwebhosting.review/tag/bind/ | 2024-02-23T22:20:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.893405 | 669 | 3.78125 | 4 |
In this single day of consulting, a CiRCE representative will offer an introduction to reading well, a part of the liberal art of grammar. We will introduce how to “see” things in a story, using good questions, the CiRCE highlighting system, and listening for echoes. Our minds read in layers; our minds ask many questions. By learning to answer the questions the mind is naturally asking and learning to see what the best readers and writers in history have seen, we can become more interested, engaged, and eager readers.
We can also rest in our ability to read. This training reduces reading anxieties and gives teachers skills that continue to guide adult readers. As William Wordsworth shared, “The child is father of the man.” The child we teach to read is the adult reading to his child. | <urn:uuid:d2ec8860-645d-449a-bbad-4becc9825f13> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://circeinstitute.org/blog/jet-popup/lost-tools-of-reading-training/ | 2024-02-23T22:28:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.948458 | 170 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Have you ever had a head injury? You may know that a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause symptoms like memory loss, confusion, and headaches. However, a head injury can affect your hearing and balance as well.
How does a traumatic brain injury affect your hearing and balance?
The force of a traumatic brain injury can damage or dislodge the delicate bones of the inner ear, disrupt parts of the brain responsible for auditory processing, or rupture the eardrum. These issues may result in a persistent ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound in one or both ears. Some head injury patients also report experiencing hyperacusis, which is an extreme sensitivity to sound. Traumatic brain injuries may result in hearing loss or difficulty hearing in one or both ears.
Furthermore, head injuries that affect the inner ear may disrupt the vestibular system, which is made up of tiny fluid-filled canals that send messages to your brain about the head’s position. If the vestibular system is affected, you may experience symptoms like dizziness, spatial disorientation, difficulty finding footing or judging distances, or a feeling that you or your surroundings are in motion.
Is hearing loss caused by a head injury permanent?
Fortunately, most cases of hearing loss caused by a TBI are not permanent. These cases of hearing loss typically resolve themselves within a few months. As the brain heals from the injury, the auditory processing system recovers as well. If the head injury causes a bone fracture or displacement that affects your hearing, corrective surgery usually resolves the issue.
Occasionally, hearing loss caused by a traumatic brain injury is permanent. This may occur when irreparable damage occurs, such as severe damage to the cochlea. Thankfully, this is rare.
How can you treat a traumatic brain injury?
Head injuries should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible. Head injury brings a risk of hematoma (bleeding in the brain), so imaging will be necessary to evaluate the damage. If the injury to the ear is physical, such as a displaced bone, this is usually apparent in a CT or MRI scan. Neurological causes of hearing loss can be more difficult to diagnose, but an audiologist can identify these issues through a critical evaluation.
If you experience a head injury, be sure to see a physician right away for medical treatment. If you notice any changes to your hearing or equilibrium following the TBI, schedule an appointment with an audiologist as soon as possible as well. Hearing professionals are trained to assess situations like this and recommend any treatment options.
How can you prevent hearing loss related to head injury?
To prevent head injury, be sure to wear a helmet when you participate in potentially hazardous sports or recreational activities, such as football, horseback riding, cycling, or skateboarding. Always wear your seatbelt when you are driving or riding in a vehicle. In icy conditions, hold onto railings and step carefully to avoid losing your footing. Be careful when entering or exiting the shower or bathtub; many people fall on slick bathroom tiles every year.
Prevention will always be the best way to avoid hearing loss and balance problems related to head injury.
For more information about how hearing loss is related to head injuries or to schedule an appointment with our hearing professional, we invite you to contact our office today.
How Head Injuries Can Affect Your Hearing and Balance
- May 22, 2022 | <urn:uuid:040d739a-b857-497e-b2e0-281ffcb4ff1a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://commonblog.cdn-pi.com/2022/05/22/how-head-injuries-can-affect-your-hearing-and-balance-7/ | 2024-02-23T22:45:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.945659 | 699 | 3.203125 | 3 |
How to Dispose of Hazardous Waste
If you have a home, you probably wonder how to dispose of household or commercial hazardous waste properly. You can learn more about identifying explosive, chemical, and ignitable waste through the links below. Listed below are the types of hazardous waste you should dispose of safely. Learn more about how to dispose of hazardous waste in your home or business. After reading this article, you’ll be well on reducing your environmental impact and helping the environment.
Please click here for more information and pricing on commercial waste.
Colour coded bins |
Yellow & Black |
Infectious waste to be disposed of immediately |
Anatomical waste (hazardous and non-hazardous) |
Infectious waste which is sent for treatment |
Cytostatic and cytotoxic medicinal products such as sharps |
Dental waste |
Medicinal waste such as part empty containers,out of date medicine etc |
Non-infectious/hazardous hygiene waste |
Dispose of Hazardous Waste: Household Hazardous Waste
Household hazardous waste is a type of waste that contains several potentially harmful materials. It is considered hazardous waste by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Some types of household hazardous waste may include batteries, rechargeable batteries, cleaners, solvents, paint, used motor oil, cooking oil, lighter fluid, gasoline, auto care products, fluorescent light tubes, sharps, pesticides, and poisons.
- Some types of HHW are harmful to people, pets, and the environment and should be appropriately disposed of.
- The typical household produces 15 pounds of HHW per year.
- Proper disposal of HHW is essential to prevent the pollution of local waterways and soil.
- You should always follow product directions on household hazardous waste before disposing of it.
- Some products require specific disposal methods, including incinerating, burning, or pouring them down the drain.
Consider substituting household products with safer ones to avoid hazardous waste from entering the environment.
In some cases, purchasing alternatives that are not toxic or harmful is possible. While some of these alternatives may not be completely non-toxic, they are still significantly less toxic than their commercial counterparts. Check out this list of household items that can be safely substituted for hazardous materials. This can save you a lot of money and the environment. Also, don’t forget to read labels and follow manufacturer directions carefully.
If you have household hazardous waste to dispose of, you can take it to the nearest collection site. If you are unsure where to dispose of it, check out the locations of household hazardous waste programs in your area. Contact a local agency or check the Veolia commercial waste website for more information or if you have any questions or concerns.
Many communities have HHW collection programs. These programs are designed to reduce the environmental harm caused by chemicals. In Tennessee, the Department of Agriculture runs a Mobile Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program for state residents. The service accepts household hazardous waste from farmers but cannot accept explosives, ammunition, radioactive materials, or medical waste.
If you do not know how to dispose of household hazardous waste, consider using homemade cleaning solutions. Mixing warm water with liquid soap, lemon juice, and baking soda will remove 99% of the harmful materials. These cleaners can also be used as a natural alternative to commercial products. If you are unsure how to dispose of them, ask your local agency for advice. Many communities have designated days for household hazardous waste collection. This may be the easiest way to dispose of hazardous waste.
Dispose of Hazardous Waste: Chemical Waste
In the past, people tended to dispose of chemicals in landfills or on their properties, resulting in thousands of uncontrolled chemical waste sites. In the 1970s, the Environmental Protection Agency was created but had no provisions for handling the growing problem. The federal government passed the Clean Water Act and other regulations, such as the Water Pollution Control Act, to protect public health and the environment.
However, these regulations were not enacted until decades after they were created. In general, there are three types of toxic waste products. The first category is comprised of corrosive and flammable chemicals. The second category includes heavy metals and acutely poisonous chemicals. Finally, the third category includes radioactive wastes. These substances emit ionizing radiation or interact with other materials to produce hazardous substances.
In addition, chemical waste may be volatile or flammable. To dispose of chemicals in this way, you should first sort them according to their flammability to know what kind to handle. Usually, chemical liquid waste must be stored in a container that is 75% full. This reduces the risk of spills caused by moving the containers with excess content. Additionally, the container used must be compatible with the hazardous chemicals stored.
Ensuring that any content correctly identifies the substances inside is vital. Disposing of a dangerous substance container may be difficult if it has leaked. In addition to regulated waste, chemical and biological materials may be classified as hazardous. In addition to hazardous commercial waste, they can cause severe health and environmental problems. Listed materials, like batteries, radioactive, and medical waste, must be disposed of properly.
Under the Environmental Protection Agency’s regulations, these materials are also classified as hazardous waste. The guidelines for hazardous waste disposal have been developed to ensure the safety of lab staff and researchers. When determining whether or not a waste is hazardous, it’s best to consult safety data sheets. These data sheets are usually available in workplaces and can help determine the characteristics and properties of waste. Determining if the container will be compatible with the disposed chemical is also essential.
If the container is compatible with the waste, you can store it in an appropriately designated Satellite Accumulation Area. Depending on the chemical, a laboratory may be required to separate and dispose of its waste. During the process, laboratory staff must comply with University protocols. A laboratory safety coordinator serves as a liaison between the laboratories and the EHS and provides written guidance outlining procedures for chemical waste disposal.
The coordinator will monitor the process of collection and removal and manage the hazardous wastes from the initial disposal point to off-site disposal.
Dispose of Hazardous Waste: Ignitable Waste
In the late 1970s, the EPA proposed using an ignitability characteristic to identify hazardous wastes. In the 1980s, the EPA finalized the ignitability test method, ASTM D 3278-78, to assess the fire hazard posed by a given waste. This test method is insufficient to assess the ignitability of wastefulness.
To determine if a waste is ignitable, the substance must be capable of initiating a fire and sustaining combustion. Other testing methods, such as laboratory tests, determine whether a substance is flammable. Hazardous waste can be liquid or solid, depending on its flashpoint. Ignitable wastes have a flashpoint below sixty degrees Celsius, which can cause a fire. Other types of ignitable hazardous waste include used solvents and finely divided metals.
You can review its material safety data sheet to determine if a waste is ignitable. You can get it from the waste, distributor, or product manufacturer. The proposed rule amends the current definition of ignitable hazardous waste to reflect aqueous liquids more accurately. While alcohol remains a hazardous waste, the EPA has raised concerns about the aqueous solution component of the current guidelines.
They determined that the parameters were too broad and that alcohol-based solutions containing less than twenty-four per cent alcohol would still be classified as hazardous waste. Moreover, alcohol-containing wastes may not be ignitable. If you generate ignitable hazardous waste, it is essential to determine if it is ignitable before shipping it to a disposal facility. Once you’ve determined that it is, follow the EPA guidelines and regulations for hazardous waste treatment.
A violation of the regulations can lead to large fines and other penalties. Just keep up with the latest information and avoid any fines. Generators must meet strict safety requirements to avoid fines and other penalties for ignitable hazardous waste. To reduce the risk of ignitable wastes being released, generators must employ a designated emergency coordinator who is always on hand. The emergency coordinator must know how the facility operates and can take the necessary actions to minimize the risk of a hazardous waste release.
As a rule, the safest policy is to keep a clean work area. Some hazardous wastes may not be classified as hazardous. To meet the criteria for ignitable waste, commercial waste must exhibit specific characteristics. For instance, it must have a flashpoint below 140 degrees Fahrenheit, be spontaneously combustible, and have a pH of 12 or less. Besides causing fire, ignitable wastes produce vapours, toxic fumes, and even explosions.
How to Dispose of Hazardous Waste – Learn more about UK business waste statistics here
Other useful links from our Commercial Waste Centre
Is a Waste Service For Small Businesses Right For Your Business?
A Guide to Commercial Food Waste Disposal in the UK
What Products Are Made From Recycled Waste Material?
Remember to Compare Your Business Costs is here to help your business every step of the way from business advice, or saving you time and money on your business purchases such as:
Ally Cox is a dedicated Copywriter and Blogger for CompareYourBusinessCosts.co.uk. In under two years, the platform achieved the esteemed accolade of ‘Website of the Year’. Since its award-winning debut, Ally has been instrumental in fostering organic growth for the website, expanding its offerings to encompass comparisons across a diverse range of over 20 products to help serve all your business needs. | <urn:uuid:246c95f0-e3bd-4cea-8fca-c4892d25b65d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://compareyourbusinesscosts.co.uk/dispose-of-hazardous-waste | 2024-02-24T00:52:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.917055 | 1,972 | 2.921875 | 3 |
You will write an 10-12 pageresearch essay worth 300 points.The essay must be double-spaced, written in 12-point Calibri, Garamond, or Times New Roman font, with margins set at one inch. The essay must be written in your best prose. It must be well-organized and grammatically correct.
You must support your points with specific references and direct quotations. You are required to directly quote and analyze at least one primary source document and at least five scholarly secondary sources (see “Project Planning: Annotated Bibliography” below). However, long block quotes should be used sparingly and only if absolutely necessary. Try to integrate your quotes and references into the logical and rhetorical flow of your essay. The purpose of this paper is to research and explore the life of a notable individual, organization, or movement of your choosing that is associated with the Christian tradition. The figure/movement may come from any time period of Christian history. Your paper should research, discover, and discuss the figure/movement’s historical context, origins/foundations, developments, ideologies, practices/rituals, influence on society, and significance to the Christian tradition. Overall, you will be graded on clear organization (60 pts); clear and persuasive thesis argument throughout (60 pts); supporting points with specific references (120 pts); and, spelling, syntax, and grammar (60 pts).
Make sure proper sources are used: below is access to the Fsu libraries database ..other databases can be used but this is my university.
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Religion in Saudi Arabia is shaped by the Kingdom's geography and the dominance of an austere, conservative interpretation of Islam. The land occupied by the Kingdom marks the epicenter of the Muslim world. It is the birthplace of Islam. Over a billion Muslims face toward Mecca during their daily prayers and millions visit the Kingdom each year for the annual pilgrimage known as the hajj. Saudis--both the government and citizens--feel an obligation not only to maintain the physical state of Muslim shrines like the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Mosque of Prophet's Tomb in Medina, but to outwardly uphold religious values in government and social policies. This sense of responsibility has manifested itself in the imposition of a strict religiously-based social code at home and support for charitable, proselytizing, and sometimes militant causes abroad.
The dominant religious doctrine of the modern Saudi state has its beginnings in the 18th century alliance between the founder of the Al Saud dynasty, Muhammad bin Saud, and a fundamentalist Muslim reformer, Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab. This doctrine, commonly referred to by Saudis as tawhid, or unitarianism, has earned the moniker Wahhabism by many in the West and critics in the Muslim world. It is a creed based on a fundamentalist application of the Sunni Hanbali school of Islam and focuses on the core and most verifiable sources of the religion, the Quran--the Muslim Holy Book--and the Hadith--documented sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. One of the tawhid's most central tenets is the oneness of God. It was this belief that led movement founder Abd al-Wahhab to view many local practices of his time as heretical. These practices included the Shia Muslim practice visiting the graves of popular Imams and perceived animist beliefs by some bedouin.
The Grand Mosque - MeccaFor Muhammad bin Saud, a rising tribal chieftain, Abd al-Wahhab's reformist mission offered a compelling campaign platform with which to recruit bedouin fighters in his quest to extend his family's control over central Arabia. For his part, Abd al-Wahhab saw in Muhammad a charismatic leader with the military and political skills to help him implement his vision of a purer Islamic society. The bond between the two men was strengthened by the marriage of one of Abd al-Wahhab's daughters to Muhammad, a practice of intermarriage between the two families which continues today. During the early twentieth century followers of Abd al-Wahhab's creed helped rally warriors from disparate bedouin tribes-- referred to as the Ikhwan--around the then Al Saud chieftain, Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman bin Faysal Al Saud and his efforts unify the Arabian peninsula. The success of that effort and the long-standing ties between the Al Saud and movement cemented a central role for the religious community in the new Saudi state.
As oil money flowed into the Kingdom during the 1960 and 1970s some religious figures began to clash with the royals over the country's accelerating modernization. The confrontation came to a head in 1979 when religious radicals proclaiming a new Mahdi or Muslim messiah occupied the Grand Mosque. To appease the preachers concerns and keep them out of key policymaking areas like economic development and security issues, the royal family undertook a massive religious infrastructure that included Islamic ministries, advisory councils, research groups and charitable agencies. From early on, the Al Saud had ceded much of the Kingdom's educational system to the religious establishment and now began building Islamic universities like Umm al-Qura University in Mecca, Islamic University in Medina, and Imam Muhammad University in Riyadh. While all educational institutions in the Kingdom institute a core religious curricula, these universities were solely focused on a religious education and the graduation of students to fill roles in the Kingdom's religious bureaucracy.
The 1990s brought a younger generation of Muslim shaykhs into the forefront of Saudi society and sometimes into direct conflict with the royal family. Many of these shaykhs were graduates of the Islamic university system and had become frustrated with their perceived lack of influence over the country's direction. (Most of the Kingdom's key policy making positions were still in the hands of the royal family and Western-trained technocrats.) Others harbored concerns that the royal family was deviating from Islamic principles and relying too heavily on the non-Muslim West for the Kingdom's defense and economic development. These concerns erupted into the open during the 1991 Iraq war, which brought thousands of Western troops into the Kingdom and underscored the Al Saud's dependence on the United States. Called the Sahwah, or "Awakening" this movement expressed open hostility of the West, and by implication, criticism of the Al Saud's relationship to the Washington. A handful of Awakening shaykhs were able to circumvent the government controlled media and build a following through the use of Islamic cassette tapes and lectures at mosques and schools where the religious community exerted considerable day-to-day control.
Tensions between the Awakening shaykhs and the regime escalated during the early 1990s as the shaykhs became increasingly critical of the regime and joined other Saudi intellectuals in a series of petitions calling for government reforms. The confrontation came to a head in September of 1994, when the government imprisoned members of the Awakening, including two of the most prominent members of the movement, Salman al-Awdah and Safar al-Hawali. An accommodation between the Al Saud and the shaykhs was reached in 1999, when the two were released from prison. Awdah and Hawali were allowed to return to public life but appear now to tow the government line on most issues.
Other elements within the Saudi religious community were less inclined toward accommodation. A 2003 attempt by Al Qaeda operatives inside the Kingdom to assassinate a Saudi security officer has lead to an open and ongoing war between the government and Jihadist supporters. In addition to increased security measures, the government has also sought to assert greater control over the Saudi educational system. Several of the country's large Islamic universities have added technical courses and the current King Abdallah has sought to rein in the country's religious police (Mutawwa'iin)--a quasi-government agency accused at times of overzealously enforcing the Kingdom's religious codes. | <urn:uuid:c1b61659-ea06-434d-ab29-61dff2c84ea7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://datarabia.com/islam/history.do;jsessionid=60B79D4BE534188F56AD70DE3BEC784A | 2024-02-24T00:07:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.96342 | 1,282 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Nuclear is a proven clean energy. But it has some lingering issues that must be corrected before wider expansion. These issues include resilience of station during a lost of Off-station Power (LOOP event). In many cases, if cooling water is not put back on a facility before the emergency systems run out of resources (7 days by regulation), the reactors and spent fuel rods will not be able to cool. This could lead to a loss of containment. | <urn:uuid:dffcc16c-58ca-46bb-a2ae-6a712e7ad816> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://davidstuckenberg.com/issues_category/environment/ | 2024-02-23T23:00:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.969478 | 91 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Before we tell you how to prevent cavities, you need to know exactly how they are caused. Cavities are the result of a tooth frequently exposed to acid, causing the enamel to lose minerals. Acidic foods like sugars and starches are a likely cause.
Removing these foods from your teeth promptly is the best way to begin your cavity prevention routine. You can do this by brushing properly. Make sure you spend roughly 30 seconds brushing each quadrant of your mouth and that you brush twice a day. Floss daily to supplement brushing by cleaning every part of your teeth.
If you are still getting cavities even with thorough brushing and flossing, you should consider cutting down your sugar intake. Cutting back on sugar can be a difficult undertaking, so sometimes it is easier to start small. Being more vigilant about brushing after meals or sipping on water after you eat to wash away acidic food particles can help keep your teeth cavity-free.
Visiting your dentist twice a year is also vital in helping keep those cavities at bay. Your teeth will be professionally cleaned and examined, meaning problem areas can be addressed. Problem areas that can become potential cavities can be addressed by your dentist before they become a big problem.
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Halloween, A Poem by Robert Burns
Halloween or, more correctly, Hallowe’en, celebrated on October 31st, marks the last day of the year on the ancient Celtic calendar, its night being the time when all witches and warlocks walked abroad and engaged in wicked revelry. With the coming of Christianity, the feast was transformed into the Eve of All Hallows, or All Saints. The following poem by Robert Burns is a good indication of how pre-Christian Halloween beliefs and traditions survived well into the Christian era.
by Robert Burns
Upon that night, when fairies light
On Cassilis Downans dance,
Or owre the lays, in splendid blaze,
On sprightly coursers prance;
Or for Colean the route is ta’en,
Beneath the moon’s pale beams;
There, up the cove, to stray and rove,
Among the rocks and streams
To sport that night.
Among the bonny winding banks,
Where Doon rins, wimplin’ clear,
Where Bruce ance ruled the martial ranks,
And shook his Carrick spear,
Some merry, friendly, country-folks,
Together did convene,
To burn their nits, and pou their stocks,
And haud their Halloween
Fu’ blithe that night.
The lasses feat, and cleanly neat,
Mair braw than when they’re fine;
Their faces blithe, fu’ sweetly kythe,
Hearts leal, and warm, and kin’;
The lads sae trig, wi’ wooer-babs,
Weel knotted on their garten,
Some unco blate, and some wi’ gabs,
Gar lasses’ hearts gang startin’
Whiles fast at night.
Then, first and foremost, through the kail,
Their stocks maun a’ be sought ance;
They steek their een, and graip and wale,
For muckle anes and straught anes.
Poor hav’rel Will fell aff the drift,
And wander’d through the bow-kail,
And pou’t, for want o’ better shift,
A runt was like a sow-tail,
Sae bow’t that night.
Then, staught or crooked, yird or nane,
They roar and cry a’ throu’ther;
The very wee things, todlin’, rin,
Wi’ stocks out owre their shouther;
And gif the custoc’s sweet or sour.
Wi’ joctelegs they taste them;
Syne cozily, aboon the door,
Wi cannie care, they’ve placed them
To lie that night.
The lasses staw frae ‘mang them a’
To pou their stalks of corn:
But Rab slips out, and jinks about,
Behint the muckle thorn:
He grippet Nelly hard and fast;
Loud skirl’d a’ the lasses;
But her tap-pickle maist was lost,
When kitlin’ in the fause-house
Wi’ him that night.
The auld guidwife’s well-hoordit nits,
Are round and round divided,
And monie lads’ and lasses’ fates
Are there that night decided:
Some kindle coothie, side by side,
And burn thegither trimly;
Some start awa, wi’ saucy pride,
And jump out-owre the chimlie
Fu’ high that night.
Jean slips in twa wi’ tentie ee;
Wha ’twas she wadna tell;
But this is Jock, and this is me,
She says in to hersel:
He bleezed owre her, and she owre him,
As they wad never mair part;
Till, fuff! he started up the lum,
And Jean had e’en a sair heart
To see’t that night.
Poor Willie, wi’ his bow-kail runt,
Was brunt wi’ primsie Mallie;
And Mallie, nae doubt, took the drunt,
To be compared to Willie;
Mall’s nit lap out wi’ pridefu’ fling,
And her ain fit it brunt it;
While Willie lap, and swore by jing,
‘Twas just the way he wanted
To be that night.
Nell had the fause-house in her min’,
She pits hersel and Rob in;
In loving bleeze they sweetly join,
Till white in ase they’re sobbin’;
Nell’s heart was dancin’ at the view,
She whisper’d Rob to leuk for’t:
Rob, stowlins, prie’d her bonny mou’,
Fu’ cozie in the neuk for’t,
Unseen that night.
But Merran sat behint their backs,
Her thoughts on Andrew Bell;
She lea’es them gashin’ at their cracks,
And slips out by hersel:
She through the yard the nearest taks,
And to the kiln goes then,
And darklins graipit for the bauks,
And in the blue-clue throws then,
Right fear’t that night.
And aye she win’t, and aye she swat,
I wat she made nae jaukin’,
Till something held within the pat,
Guid Lord! but she was quakin’!
But whether ‘was the deil himsel,
Or whether ’twas a bauk-en’,
Or whether it was Andrew Bell,
She didna wait on talkin’
To spier that night.
Wee Jennie to her grannie says,
“Will ye go wi’ me, grannie?
I’ll eat the apple at the glass
I gat frae Uncle Johnnie:”
She fuff’t her pipe wi’ sic a lunt,
In wrath she was sae vap’rin’,
She notice’t na, an aizle brunt
Her braw new worset apron
Out through that night.
“Ye little skelpie-limmer’s face!
I daur you try sic sportin’,
As seek the foul thief ony place,
For him to spae your fortune.
Nae doubt but ye may get a sight!
Great cause ye hae to fear it;
For mony a ane has gotten a fright,
And lived and died deleeret
On sic a night.
“Ae hairst afore the Sherramoor, —
I mind’t as weel’s yestreen,
I was a gilpey then, I’m sure
I wasna past fifteen;
The simmer had been cauld and wat,
And stuff was unco green;
And aye a rantin’ kirn we gat,
And just on Halloween
It fell that night.
“Our stibble-rig was Rab M’Graen,
A clever sturdy fallow:
His son gat Eppie Sim wi’ wean,
That lived in Achmacalla:
He gat hemp-seed, I mind it weel,
And he made unco light o’t;
But mony a day was by himsel,
He was sae sairly frighted
That very night.”
Then up gat fechtin’ Jamie Fleck,
And he swore by his conscience,
That he could saw hemp-seed a peck;
For it was a’ but nonsense.
The auld guidman raught down the pock,
And out a hanfu’ gied him;
Syne bade him slip frae ‘mang the folk,
Some time when nae ane see’d him,
And try’t that night.
He marches through amang the stacks,
Though he was something sturtin;
The graip he for a harrow taks.
And haurls it at his curpin;
And every now and then he says,
“Hemp-seed, I saw thee,
And her that is to be my lass,
Come after me, and draw thee
As fast this night.”
He whistled up Lord Lennox’ march
To keep his courage cheery;
Although his hair began to arch,
He was say fley’d and eerie:
Till presently he hears a squeak,
And then a grane and gruntle;
He by his shouther gae a keek,
And tumbled wi’ a wintle
Out-owre that night.
He roar’d a horrid murder-shout,
In dreadfu’ desperation!
And young and auld came runnin’ out
To hear the sad narration;
He swore ’twas hilchin Jean M’Craw,
Or crouchie Merran Humphie,
Till, stop! she trotted through them
And wha was it but grumphie
Asteer that night!
Meg fain wad to the barn hae gaen,
To win three wechts o’ naething;
But for to meet the deil her lane,
She pat but little faith in:
She gies the herd a pickle nits,
And two red-cheekit apples,
To watch, while for the barn she sets,
In hopes to see Tam Kipples
That very nicht.
She turns the key wi cannie thraw,
And owre the threshold ventures;
But first on Sawnie gies a ca’
Syne bauldly in she enters:
A ratton rattled up the wa’,
And she cried, Lord, preserve her!
And ran through midden-hole and a’,
And pray’d wi’ zeal and fervour,
Fu’ fast that night;
They hoy’t out Will wi’ sair advice;
They hecht him some fine braw ane;
It chanced the stack he faddom’d thrice
Was timmer-propt for thrawin’;
He taks a swirlie, auld moss-oak,
For some black grousome carlin;
And loot a winze, and drew a stroke,
Till skin in blypes cam haurlin’
Aff’s nieves that night.
A wanton widow Leezie was,
As canty as a kittlin;
But, och! that night amang the shaws,
She got a fearfu’ settlin’!
She through the whins, and by the cairn,
And owre the hill gaed scrievin,
Whare three lairds’ lands met at a burn
To dip her left sark-sleeve in,
Was bent that night.
Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays,
As through the glen it wimpl’t;
Whyles round a rocky scaur it strays;
Whyles in a wiel it dimpl’t;
Whyles glitter’d to the nightly rays,
Wi’ bickering, dancing dazzle;
Whyles cookit underneath the braes,
Below the spreading hazel,
Unseen that night.
Among the brackens, on the brae,
Between her and the moon,
The deil, or else an outler quey,
Gat up and gae a croon:
Poor Leezie’s heart maist lap the hool!
Near lav’rock-height she jumpit;
but mist a fit, and in the pool
Out-owre the lugs she plumpit,
Wi’ a plunge that night.
In order, on the clean hearth-stane,
The luggies three are ranged,
And every time great care is ta’en’,
To see them duly changed:
Auld Uncle John, wha wedlock joys
Sin’ Mar’s year did desire,
Because he gat the toom dish thrice,
He heaved them on the fire
In wrath that night.
Wi’ merry sangs, and friendly cracks,
I wat they didna weary;
And unco tales, and funny jokes,
Their sports were cheap and cheery;
Till butter’d so’ns, wi’ fragrant lunt,
Set a’ their gabs a-steerin’;
Syne, wi’ a social glass o’ strunt,
They parted aff careerin’
Fu’ blythe that night.
There’s now a translation of the above poem into Belorussian – how cool is that? Go to http://webhostinggeeks.com/science/halloween-be
There is also a translation into French, which works very well for this poem – please visit https://worldliterate.com/translations/halloween.htm
Of Apples and Mirrors
It would take a great deal more space (and a far better Burns scholar than myself) to explain all the references in Burns’ poem that, to us, might seem obscure. One observation I would like to make concerns Jennie’s desire to “eat the apple at the glass,” and her grannie’s stern rejection of the idea. This passage relates to an ancient superstition related to mirror magic, which held that if a young woman ate an apple in front of a looking-glass on Halloween the face of the man whom she was destined to marry would appear. Grannie obviously thought such activity to be the work of the deil – er, devil.
The origins of this belief may relate back to Celtic grail legends, where “apples” were sometimes used to describe (and later confused with) magical crystals. The combination of a crystal and a mirror may have indeed been used for scrying. For a more in-depth discussion of this, see Flavia Anderson’s The Ancient Secret: Fire From the Sun. That some of these customs were carried to the New World is evidenced by this passage from Mary E Blain’s Games for Hallowe’en, first published in New York in 1912:
MIRROR AND APPLE
Stand in front of mirror in dimly lighted room and eat an apple. If your lover reciprocates your love he will appear behind you and look over your right shoulder and ask for a piece of apple.
(For the complete text of this interesting work on Halloween games, click here.)
At any event, the folks in Burns’ poem generally had a good time at Hallowe’en, as we all should. Just remember to stay away from unwrapped candy, and don’t eat any hemp-seed.
While Burns’ poem deals directly with the subject of Halloween, the poem that Americans are most likely to hear read aloud during the Halloween season is probably Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven.
Turnip-head? Mister Potato-head?
Interesting note about Halloween, that has nothing to do with Burns’ poem (or Poe’s, for that matter): folks in England and Ireland used to carve out beets, potatoes and turnips for lanterns on Halloween. | <urn:uuid:6be1ab54-075b-4a22-9731-6dec08cd40e8> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://djmcadam.com/halloween.htm | 2024-02-23T22:22:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.917416 | 3,516 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The flipper tool is used to swap voices between spine splits. The tool is useful for correcting voicing errors when doing data entry. See also the spreadsheet interface for getting similar results, where columns can be swapped by copy and pasted between spreadsheet cells manually. The tool may will be developed further to allow for dealing independently with strophes.
Flipping all spine splits
Using the -a
option will cause all spine splits in the file to be swapped
such that the left subspine will be move to the right, and the right subspine
to the left.
Given this example score:
Here is the result of flipper -a
, where the top voices is moved to the
bottom voice, and the bottom voice to the top voices (the strange orientation
of the stems is a visible manifestation of the flip):
Flipping twice will return the data to the original state:
Flip control using *flip/*Xflip
Without options, the flipper tool will only flip regions of the score
that are found between *flip
interpretations. If there
are no *flip
instructions in the file, flipper will not alter the file
(unless the -a
option is given).
In the following example, only the second and third notes are
flipped, and the notes outside of the *flip
instruction can be placed in either subspine.
Flipping non-kern spines
By default Flipper is only applied to **kern
spines. To run on a different
exclusive interpretation type, use the -i
All subspines will be flipped. Here is an example with three subspines:
For three subspines, the middle one will remain in place while the leftmost and rightmost subspines will be swapped: | <urn:uuid:c5e1c305-ec43-44dd-be42-5aafb3bbc99d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://doc.verovio.humdrum.org/filter/flipper/ | 2024-02-23T23:43:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.873403 | 382 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A broadside reporting a meeting of the people of Boston at Faneuil Hall on November 29, 1773 to prevent the sale of East India Company tea.
This meeting took place immediately following the arrival of the first tea ship, the Dartmouth, in Boston Harbor. The meeting attendees determined that “they would to the utmost of their Power prevent the landing of the Tea.” The meeting continued over two days. Among their resolutions was to appoint a corps of volunteers to watch the ship at all times to make sure the tea was not unloaded and to send copies of the meeting’s proceedings to New York and Philadelphia. | <urn:uuid:bcc07ba5-4cd2-4973-bab7-579bfea7d023> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-boston-tea-party/sources/1186?fbclid=IwAR3YBHy2cPBBawdxF65P8qcwahcCUlusWkjg5LrC7aGs4o5TaAAfRL2cnJU | 2024-02-24T00:20:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.976113 | 128 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Making our health a top priority has never been more critical than it is in today’s fast-paced society, where there is a never-ending demand for both our time and our energy. The maintenance of a healthy lifestyle becomes an essential component of general well-being when one considers the many duties and diversions that one must contend with. The pursuit of health is not limited to the absence of sickness; instead, it comprises a holistic approach that takes into account the physical, mental, and emotional aspects and embraces all of these aspects. Here are twenty health suggestions that go beyond the realm of nutritional guidance and will serve as a guide for you as you embark on your path. In order to provide you with the knowledge and practices essential to creating a robust and healthy body and mind, these suggestions are aimed at empowering you with information and practices ranging from stress management to balanced eating.
Balanced Nutrition for Optimal Health
Maintaining a diet that is both healthy and well-balanced is the foundation of good health. Assuring that your body obtains the vital vitamins, minerals, and other components that are required for healthy functioning may be accomplished by consuming a wide range of foods that are high in nutrients. Antioxidants may be found in fruits and vegetables; fiber can be found in whole grains; lean proteins are beneficial to the health of muscles; and healthy fats are beneficial to the integrity of the heart. To ensure that you are getting a wide variety of nutrients, you should try to have a rainbow of colors on your plate.
Hydration is Key
Water is essential for the continuation of life, and one’s general health needs to ensure that they are well hydrated. The temperature of the body is regulated, digestion is aided, and the transportation of nutrients is facilitated. The consumption of a minimum of eight glasses of water on a daily basis helps to avoid dehydration, promotes renal function, and improves the health of the skin. To ensure that you stay hydrated throughout the day, it is essential to carry a water bottle that can be reused.
Regular Physical Activity
Exercising regularly is an essential component of leading a healthy lifestyle. Participating in regular physical exercise is beneficial to the health of the cardiovascular system, assists in the maintenance of a healthy weight, and may improve mood by generating endorphins. In order to improve your general fitness level, you should strive to do a variety of activities, including aerobic exercises such as walking or running, strength training for the growth of your muscles, and flexibility exercises such as yoga.
A good night’s sleep is essential for both one’s physical and mental health. If you want your body to be able to heal and recuperate, you should try to get between seven and nine hours of sleep every night. Creating a pleasant sleeping environment, establishing a regular sleep schedule, and limiting screen time before bedtime are all ways to increase the quality of sleep you get.
Stress Management Techniques
Over time, prolonged exposure to stress may have negative consequences for both one’s physical and mental health. Methods that may help you reduce stress should be included in your daily routine. Some examples of such methods are yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, and indulging in hobbies. The stress response of the body may be regulated with the aid of these techniques, which also enhance emotional well-being.
Limit Processed Foods and Sugars
In addition to contributing to a variety of health problems, including obesity and chronic illnesses, processed foods and added sugars are also contributors. When it comes to providing your body with the fuel it needs, choose meals that are full and rich in nutrients. Read food labels and be aware of the sugars that are concealed in processed foods so that you may make informed decisions.
Regular Health Checkups
Scheduling regular checkups with your healthcare practitioner is an essential component of proactive healthcare. Your entire health will be monitored, and possible problems will be identified at an earlier stage via the use of these sessions, which include screenings, vaccines, and dental checkups. There is a considerable relationship between early identification and intervention and the results of therapy.
Mindful Eating Practices
Being present and conscious of your eating patterns are both essential components of the practice of mindful eating. Take your time, taste each meal, and pay attention to the number of portions you consume. Overeating can be avoided, good digestion can be promoted, and the pleasure of meals may be increased as a result of this.
The protection of your skin from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation is essential in order to avoid skin damage and lower the likelihood of developing skin cancer. Always seek shade, use sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), and wear protective clothes, particularly during the hours of peak sunshine.
Developing meaningful relationships with other people is critical to one’s mental health and well-being. During difficult times, having family and friends by your side may provide support, help lessen feelings of loneliness, and add to a sense of belonging. Make spending quality time with loved ones a top priority in order to cultivate these critical connections.
Limit Alcohol Intake
A reasonable amount of alcohol consumption may have some positive effects on one’s health; however, drinking an excessive amount of alcohol may result in a variety of adverse health effects, including damage to the liver and mental health concerns. Drink in moderation, and keep your general health in mind if you do decide to consume alcohol.
Regular Eye Checkups
To be able to operate normally during the day, maintaining vital eyesight is essential. Eye exams should be scheduled on a regular basis in order to discover any possible eye diseases at an early stage. When vision difficulties are addressed early, it is possible to avoid future concerns and guarantee that the eye is in the best possible condition.
Practice Good Hygiene
The prevention of the transmission of illnesses is dependent on maintaining a high level of personal cleanliness. In order to protect yourself and others from sickness, it is essential to routinely wash your hands, pay attention to your oral health, and adhere to the suggested hygiene habits.
Posture and Ergonomics
The importance of paying attention to posture and ergonomics cannot be overstated when considering the popularity of desk occupations. If you have good posture, you may avoid experiencing discomfort in your back and neck, lower your chance of developing musculoskeletal problems, and contribute to your general physical well-being.
Maintaining mental activity is essential for maintaining good cognitive health. Engage in activities that enhance cognitive function, such as reading, solving puzzles, and acquiring new abilities. These would be examples of activities. This helps to keep your mind bright and may lessen the likelihood that you may experience cognitive decline as you get older.
Healthy Cooking Methods
It is possible to maintain the nutritional content of food by selecting healthier cooking techniques. Instead of frying, you should choose to cook your food by grilling, steaming, baking, or sautéing it. This will help you limit the amount of bad fat you consume and preserve the vitamins and minerals that are included in your meals.
Stay Informed About Mental Health
Having a healthy mental state is essential to having a healthy body. Be aware of concerns pertaining to mental health, educate yourself on the signs and symptoms, and seek assistance if you feel you need it. Reducing the stigma that is associated with mental health helps to foster a community that is more accepting and supportive.
Limit Screen Time
Especially in the hours leading up to bedtime, excessive screen use may have a detrimental effect on the quality of sleep as well as general health. To encourage improved sleep hygiene, it is essential to set limitations on the amount of time spent in front of electronic devices, particularly those that generate blue light.
Moderate Caffeine Intake
Caffeine has the potential to have both beneficial and detrimental impacts on one’s health. A reasonable amount of consumption may provide alertness and some health advantages; nevertheless, an excessive amount of consumption may lead to sleeplessness and increased anxiety. Keep a close eye on how much caffeine you consume, and drink plenty of water.
Cultivate a Positive Mindset
One of the most critical factors that contribute to one’s overall well-being is cultivating a happy view of life. Focus on finding solutions rather than dwelling on difficulties; develop an attitude of appreciation; and surround yourself with positive people. Resilience may be improved, stress can be reduced, and sound effects on physical health can be generated by adopting a positive mentality. You may build a holistic approach to well-being by including these health suggestions in your daily routine. This method takes into account every area of health, including the physical, mental, and emotional components. Always keep in mind that even little adjustments made on a regular basis over some time may result in considerable enhancements to your overall health and quality of life. | <urn:uuid:9e18bd03-caf2-4e60-87da-ad422b649bb2> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://drhealthytips.com/helpful-top-20-health-tips/ | 2024-02-23T22:54:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.949756 | 1,820 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Statistics show thanks to the pandemic, Americans are now glued to their digital devices an average of 13 hours a day, up from 7 or 8 hours a day before COVID.
Exposure to blue light from screens is taking a toll on our eyes. Blue light is part of the UV spectrum and can damage your retina.
Helen Macias, an optician at Dynamic Eye Care in North Las Vegas, said they are seeing a lot more customers who complain of eye pain in the past year.
“Right now, we’re experiencing a lot of children, teachers and others who are now conducting business online,” Macias explained. “People are now experiencing the strain on the eyes, staring at the screen. It can lead to macular degeneration.”
People with light-colored eyes or a family history of macular degeneration are at higher risk. Blue light is present in sunlight but the bulk of people’s exposure comes through their cell phones, tablets, certain smart TVs and high-end video games.
Dr. Scott Edmonds, chief eye care officer for United HealthCare, recommended people follow the 20-20-20 rule: For every 20 minutes of screen time, take 20 seconds to stare at something in the distance at least 20 feet away.
“That break takes you away from the blue light, lets your pupil go to its normal size, lets your muscles in your eye relax, lets your focusing muscle relax,” Edmonds emphasized. “All that every 20 minutes will really help you be more comfortable with screen time.”
People can purchase lenses for their eyeglasses or certain laptops to filter out blue light, and they can use the “night mode” feature on their cell phones to cut down on exposure. | <urn:uuid:5c229832-1f4b-448f-857b-9dcca57b99ee> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://el-observador.com/2022/01/21/experts-warn-of-health-dangers-of-blue-light-from-digital-devices/ | 2024-02-24T00:20:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.94085 | 370 | 3.03125 | 3 |
That is nowhere truer than in the 125,000 acres and 73 parks that make up the East Bay Regional Parks District (EBRPD) which at the height of the pandemic saw record numbers of visitors.
“As we bring ourselves to these parks, we need to understand the history and the sensitivity of these parks to our presence,” says Dee Rosario, the first Filipino American and first Asian American board member with EBRPD, the nation’s largest urban regional park district. “These are our lands. They belong to everyone. But with that ownership comes responsibility.”
Rosario was part of a panel of speakers during a media briefing co-hosted by EMS and EBRPD on ways to encourage better stewardship of public parks.
His own affinity for nature followed a college visit to Humboldt in far northern California, where Rosario recalls the “awe” he felt at seeing the redwoods for the first time. Thirty-seven years later, Rosario is among a cohort of dedicated individuals at EBRPD working to strike a balance between rising demand for recreational use and the “intricacies and delicacy” of local habitats.
Data show a 400-fold increase along some of the more popular trails that crisscross EBRPD’s parks, with visitors frequently venturing off trail — to the detriment of nesting birds and other wildlife, including a number of endangered species — or violating park regulations on things like drone flying. In one instance, a visitor crashed their drone into the nest of a bald eagle, destroying the nest and likely leading to the demise of the nesting chicks.
According to Rosario, the rise in visitors is accompanied by an increasing mix of people to the parks and changes in how parks are used. Whereas once people flocked to open spaces in search of solitude today many visitors come with family. “This is something parks have to recognize,” says Rosario. “How do we meet the needs of diverse cultures while balancing the needs of the environment.”
Becky Tuden is the Environmental Services Manager with EBRPD. She says climate change, along with a prolonged drought and increased fire risk, are among the stressors already taxing local habitats and threatening biodiversity. Many of EBRPDs parks also abut urban or semi-urban areas. Add to this the steep and sudden increase in the presence of people and it can lead to harmful outcomes for what are already fragile ecosystems.
“Biodiversity is really important… and the added pressure of so many people aggravates the system’s incredible biodiversity.”
Among some of the more harmful activities Tuden and her colleagues have witnessed are increasing amounts of litter, as well as letting dogs off leash in areas where that is prohibited. A dog owner herself, she says individually it isn’t a problem. What dog owners don’t realize is that “there are 25 million other visitors, half of who own dogs.” The damage done by hundreds and even thousands of our beloved canines romping through sensitive habitat is a major challenge, notes Tuden.
Despite the dire warnings, speakers were eager to stress that they welcome the park’s increased popularity while acknowledging “we need to go further” on public facing messaging around how to better care for these treasures.
“What we need is a way of communicating to people to help them better protect the parks,” Tuden noted.
The Western Snowy Plover weighs in at a whopping 1.5 oz. Yet despite its diminutive stature this slight bird has survived along California’s beaches for thousands of years. Today there are fewer than 3,000 in the wild, with loss of habitat a key driver of their decline.
EBRPD Wildlife Program Manager Doug Bell says the plover is one of four critically endangered species that rely on EBRPD’s parklands as important breeding grounds. Signs warning visitors to steer clear of areas where plovers are known to congregate are routinely ignored, he explained. That can cause birds to avoid the areas entirely, further eroding what little habitat they have left.
“Just the mere act of hiking across the terrain can disturb the wildlife,” says Bell, a Bay Area native.
The other critically endangered species include the ridgeways rail and least tern, as well as the salt-marsh harvest mouse, which can swim for over two hours and can drink water saltier than the ocean, among its other talents. Bell says most visitors are likely to dismiss this adorable little super mouse with its tent of piled up twigs as just another “rodent.”
And he adds that aside from the park’s increased number of visitors, the pandemic’s economic toll drove many families to abandon their pets, including a large number of cats that were let loose in the parks. That’s led to an “overpopulation of feral cats, threatening other endangered species.”
Bell also echoes Rosario, noting that as more diverse communities engage with the parks some are bringing with them practices that can be detrimental to the health of the local ecology. That includes religious communities that traditionally release fish, turtles or other animals into local waterways to commemorate an individual’s passing.
Such practices can introduce invasive species, as well as harmful diseases or toxins that can cause significant die-off of native species, explained Joe Sullivan, who manages the EBRPD’s 10 fishing reservoirs and four fishing piers.
“We want people to come out and enjoy these resources, but people release pets — goldfish, turtles, etc. — and these have consequences,” he said, sharing a gruesome image of a river clogged with dead frogs to drive home his point.
Rainbow and steelhead trout along with the California red legged frog are among the federally endangered species that Sullivan and his team are working to protect.
“It is a delicate balance,” said Tuden of the effort to protect habitat while welcoming the increase in recreational visitors. “Imagine you’re a guest,” she urged visitors, “follow the rules and try to be sensitive.” | <urn:uuid:93683678-14e8-46c7-ba32-1195f7e2ee54> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://el-observador.com/2022/10/28/parks-to-people-come-and-enjoy-but-dont-destroy/ | 2024-02-24T00:29:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.959657 | 1,290 | 2.75 | 3 |
Women’s History Month is celebrated every March in the United States and in countries around the world. It’s a time to honor the trailblazers of the past—including suffragists, politicians, inventors, and artists—as well as discuss the pressing issues women face today. To understand more about why we dedicate every March to women’s history, check out the facts below.
1. NATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY STARTED IN NEW YORK.
Theresa Malkiel, an activist who served on the women’s committee of the Socialist Party of America, established the first “National Women’s Day” on February 28, 1909. She was joined by a crowd of more than 2000 at a theater in Manhattan for speeches on equal rights and some spirited singing. The 1910 installment took place at the famed Carnegie Hall.
2. THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY DEBUTED IN EUROPE SOON AFTER.
The need to celebrate women soon spread to Europe, and again, it was the socialists leading the way. At the Second International Socialist Women’s Conference in Copenhagen in 1910, a German activist named Clara Zetkin proposed naming a day to honor working women in Europe. (Current celebrations, she reasoned, were much too focused on the bourgeoisie.) The following year, on March 19, the first International Women’s Day was celebrated. Eventually, March 8 was chosen as the permanent date for the festivities. The date’s selection was far from random: In addition to celebrating women, March 8 also honors the anniversary of a 1917 strike that helped spark the Russian Revolution.
3. WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH GREW OUT OF A CELEBRATION IN CALIFORNIA.
In 1978, the Sonoma, California, school district organized a “Women’s History Week” in an effort to correct the dearth of women-focused material in the existing K-12 curriculum. The week—held in March, to correspond with International Women’s Day—featured talks and an essay contest, and culminated with a parade in downtown Santa Rosa. The idea caught on, and the following year saw similar celebrations across the country.
Encouraged by their success, a group of women in Santa Rosa founded the National Women’s History Project (NWHP) two years later in order to further expand the work they’d started. Among their aims was the goal of elevating the Women’s History Week celebration to the national level. In addition to lobbying federal politicians, activists encouraged other communities to organize local celebrations and educational events. Their work quickly gained steam.
4. JIMMY CARTER WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT TO RECOGNIZE WOMEN’S HISTORY WEEK.
In 1980, President Jimmy Carter declared that Women’s History Week would be recognized during the week of March 8 with a statement that read, in part:
“From the first settlers who came to our shores, from the first American Indian families who befriended them, men and women have worked together to build this nation. Too often the women were unsung and sometimes their contributions went unnoticed. But the achievements, leadership, courage, strength, and love of the women who built America was as vital as that of the men whose names we know so well.”
To read this article in its entirety at MentalFloss.com, click here. | <urn:uuid:883e4981-43c1-4d62-b856-dcbfbf33504b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://eoejournal.com/13-facts-about-womens-history-month/ | 2024-02-23T22:56:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.963613 | 718 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Students have developed this Virtual and Augmented Reality around the Lungs. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. A routine chest X-ray is not always necessary for people who have symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection
Start Creating your own free 360 Lesson today at www.eonreality.com
For the full hands-on immersive learning experience please click here.Launch the link on your mobile device using EON-XR if you want to experience it in life size augmented reality. | <urn:uuid:7d43841a-80a0-430e-8413-1ef72ce8fb9d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://eonreality.com/virtual-and-augmented-reality-about-the-lungs/?lang=it | 2024-02-24T00:09:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.937935 | 146 | 3.125 | 3 |
Equivalently, given length a=BD and b=AB, find c and d so that a/c = c/d = d/b The construction involves Nicomedes Conchoid, and as a last step you need to slide point K so that it lies on the red Conchoid curve.
Look at the ratios BD:DK, DK:AL, AL:AB. You should notice that two stay the same regardless of where K lies. Why? When K lies on the Conchoid the ratios should all be approximately the same. How does the ratio relate to the length BD and AB? You can try different values for BD and AB, but BD needs to be bigger than AB or the construction collapses. | <urn:uuid:e1c895a2-d742-4ec3-9fa5-092f2f05f3d4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://euclidsmuse.com/embedded?id=421 | 2024-02-23T23:51:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.9037 | 149 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A ferocious Viking warship
Roskilde 6 is famous for being the largest Viking warship ever discovered. Excavated alongside ten other warships on the banks of Roskilde fjord in the 1990s, only 20% of the original ship remains. But more than 1,000 years ago, when the Vikings ruled the waves, Roskilde 6 was the pinnacle of seafaring technology. Seeing its sails appear on the horizon struck terror into people. The ship would be carrying a small army of Viking men, hungry for glory, armed and ready to raid.
Now, Roskilde 6 is the centrepiece of the Vikings exhibition at the National Museum of Denmark. It sits as the dividing line between two parts of the exhibition. On the one side, an unparalleled collection of artefacts is placed in context alongside the most recent research. On the other side, a breathtaking film brings a Viking raid to life.
In just 12 months, from competition to opening, we designed and delivered the exhibition, which breathes new life into the story of the Vikings in Denmark.
A portal between two worlds
Roskilde 6 takes its rightful place in the centre of the exhibition hall. Thrust in the middle of the gallery, the length of this fearsome ship slices the space in two: one side of the gallery explores the ship as a physical artefact, the other as a site of imagination. The two sides hold a mirror up to each other and transform the ship into a physical and metaphorical portal between two worlds – the world as we know it today, and the world of the Vikings.
In the Main Gallery, the ship becomes a lens through which can we understand Viking society. Here, the focus is on archaeology and science – how do we know what we know about the Vikings? What can we understand about this civilisation from what they left behind? How can we piece together the past?
Setting the stage for a Viking raid
In the Raid Gallery, Roskilde 6 becomes the backdrop of a dramatic film that immerses you in a Viking raid. Tensile fabrics form the setworks and take inspiration from the sails – the parts of the ship lost to time. These forms occupy the air, sweeping in and out of view to create enclosures for the different scenes in the narrative, all the while backdropping the ship and transforming it into a live vessel once again.
The National Museum of Denmark is on a transformative journey, turning towards a storytelling approach across all of its galleries. The Raid is part of this transformation. Over time, the exhibition will evolve to focus on different aspects of the Viking story, while keeping the core structure of the displays. This hybrid model breaks down the barriers between expensive, short-lived exhibitions and permanent exhibitions that risk becoming obsolete and outdated.
Martin de Thurah | <urn:uuid:02a57352-872c-4c56-b239-1995f8eae449> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://eventcomm.com/projects/national-museum-of-denmark | 2024-02-24T00:09:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.945359 | 570 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Harriet Pullen arrived in Skagway aboard the steamer "Rosali" on September 12, 1897. The wife of fur trader Dan Webster Pullen, she left her husband and 4 young children in Washington State to go north to make her fortune. Harriet Matilda Smith had married Pullen in 1878, when she was 18 years old and he was 36.
Harriet could do two things well - cook and handle horses. She arrived in Skagway with $7.00 in her pocket and took the first job that came along - cooking in a tent for $3,.00 a day for the 18 men who were building Moore's Wharf. At night, Harriet baked apple pies, hammering pie plates from tin cans, and then sold them to the miners longing for a taste of "home".
Soon she had enough money to send for her family and buy a small cabin. When gold was discovered in Atlin in the fall of '98, Harriet joined the rush. However, she fell, broke her arm, and returned to Skagway. Harriet then sent for her horses which she had left in Washington, and began hauling freight over the White Pass Trail. When the stampede subsided, she opened a small boarding house. In 1901, Harriet opened the Pullen House in the large home built by Captain William Moore.
During her fifty years in Skagway, Harriet accumulated a large collection of Alaska memorabilia. She kept Skagway's history alive with her colourful talks in the Pullen House. Harriet met every tourist ship in her horse-drawn Pullen House coach. She had a steadfast belief in the future of Alaska and was a courageous woman with an unquenchable spirit. Her motherly ways earned her the title "Mother of the North", and in her later years she was known as "Ma Pullen".
With the help of her granddaughter, Mary, and her son, Royal, Harriet kept the Pullen House open until her death on August 8, 1947. At her request, she was buried along the White Pass & Yukon Route rail line near the Pullen House (see her grave here). The hotel was demolished in 1991.
The definitive biography of Harriet Pullen appears to be Eleanor Brackbill's The Queen of Heartbreak Trail: The Life and Times of Harriet Smith Pullen, Pioneering Woman, published in 2016. In his review of the book, Steve Haycox says that separating fact from fiction in Pullen's life was a major challenge: "Many writers have examined Pullen, and Brackbill found that many of them gave her story their own twist, some vividly imagining what can't be known, impressed as they doubtless were by her determination and capability. Pullen herself wrote occasionally about her exploits, and wasn't above exaggeration."
Before World War I, round trip excursions to Alaska could cost as little as $66, but the trip was most popular with society's upper classes, and the amenities offered by the Pullen House were significant in getting cruise ships to stop in Skagway. | <urn:uuid:13a7a883-3426-4c9f-a365-9420f8d23f78> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://explorenorth.com/library/bios/pullen-harriet-skagway.html | 2024-02-23T23:57:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.984268 | 626 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Building With Plastic Bottles
What could you do with one and a half million plastic bottles? Arthur Huang built a nine-story building with them! He called it the EcoArk. It’s a special name for a special building in Taiwan, Asia.
The EcoArk is sleek and modern. It really catches the eye. You might think it’s made of glass, with a pattern of white dots along the outer walls. Now look closely. Those dots are actually bottle caps from the plastic bottles that make up the walls.
The walls of the EcoArk are not made of ordinary plastic bottles, however. They are called Polli-Bricks. They are made of recycled plastic. The plastic was chopped up and melted down. Huang and his team invented a way to reshape and strengthen the melted plastic. He made a new type of building block shaped like a bottle.
The Polli-Bricks have grooves. They fit together tightly and lock in place. They are built into panels about the size of large windows. A coating helps protect them against fire and weather. The panels weigh one-fifth as much as glass panels. Yet, they are incredibly strong. This is due to the honeycomb pattern of the interlocking bottles.
The grooved Polli-Bricks lock together to form panels.
These safety features are essential. Why? The EcoArk is in a part of the world that experiences extreme natural forces. Taiwan, an island off the coast of China, is rocked every year by earthquakes. Violent storms, called typhoons, batter Taiwan each summer. EcoArk braves it all with no damage.
The Polli-Brick panels are lightweight but strong. Huang proves this by jumping up and down on them.
Huang designed the EcoArk to be eco-friendly, in other words, to not harm the environment. The Polli-Brick walls use plastic trash that would otherwise end up in landfills or in the ocean.
The Polli-Bricks are eco-friendly in other ways, too. The bottles are filled with air. Heat doesn’t pass through air easily, so the bottles help keep heat from entering the building. That’s key in Taiwan with its long, hot summers.
Huang's Polli-Bricks are made out of plastic bottles.
Most buildings use electricity for air conditioning. This comes from burning oil, coal, or natural gas at a power plant. Burning these fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the air.
The gases trap energy from the sun. This keeps our planet warm. That’s the greenhouse effect. But burning too much fossil fuels has increased the greenhouse effect. Air temperatures have warmed in many places. Huang didn’t want to add to that problem. | <urn:uuid:3c1a708f-687f-4e33-b287-8d522136b787> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://explorer-mag.nationalgeographic.org/pathfinder_september_october_2020/building_with_plastic_bottles_and_eco-friendly | 2024-02-24T00:00:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.961905 | 572 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Pack contains associated resources for the learning experience, typically in the form of articles and videos. There is a teacher Pack (with only teacher information) and a student Pack (which contains only student information). As a teacher, you can toggle between both to see everything.
Here are the teacher pack items for Early Spanish Explorers:
Overview In this experience, students focus on three Spanish explorers who had an impact on Texas history: Pánfilo de Narváez, whose expedition failed; Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, who became a Texas merchant and defender of Native Americans; and Álvarez de Pineda, who in 1519 created the first known map of the Gulf of Mexico. Objectives:
Ancient explorers set out for distant lands with the navigational instruments of their time, such as an hourglass for measuring time, a quadrant for calculating position based on the stars, a compass for determining direction, and a nautical chart. They did not have the benefit of accurate maps, satellite images, or a GPS system to guide them. In this experience, you will learn about several of the early Spanish explorers who contributed to Texas history and some of the difficulties that they encountered.
What geographical region do you think is shown in the map? | <urn:uuid:96086de4-e430-41b7-8753-c123d28d1724> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://exploros.com/Social-Studies/Texas-History-ms/exploration-and-early-colonization/Early-Spanish-Explorers | 2024-02-24T00:23:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.958208 | 266 | 4 | 4 |
At the onset of World War II, the Kingdom of Norway was not allied with the Axis or Allied Powers, leading both factions to consider invading the country due to its strategic position in the North Sea. While the British in particular drew plans to mine Norwegian waters and prevent Axis ships from transiting these waters, Nazi Germany actually invaded and occupied the country in 1940.
With the Scottish archipelago of Shetland being the closest point between the United Kingdom and Norway, it became the centerpiece of British defense efforts in the North Sea. The Norwegian royal family and their inner circle formed a government in exile in London, while their citizens back in Norway started organizing resistance movements.
The Shetland “Bus” was a crucial connection for the resistance, as well as the arrival of Norwegian refugees to Shetland, formed by Norwegian fishing ships that would make trips between Norway and Shetland communities like Kergord and Lunna. Scalloway would go on to become the main base for the Bus from 1942 onwards. It now holds most of the memorials and tributes dedicated to the operation.
The Shetland Bus Memorial is likely the centerpiece of this legacy, consisting of a small metal sculpture representing one of these fishing boats. Other features in the area include a concrete plaque, along with information boards on the windows of nearby buildings.
The memorial itself is located atop a plinth of rocks taken from the birthplaces of 44 Norwegian crewmembers that died during the operation of the Shetland Bus. Their names can be found on the plaque at the base of the sculpture. | <urn:uuid:828c7d5e-ed2d-4e52-a742-56f35e650732> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://fellinis.com.au/2021/03/09/the-shetland-bus-memorial-in-scalloway-scotland/ | 2024-02-23T22:57:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.971722 | 321 | 3.984375 | 4 |
Food Sensitivity Testing
WHAT IS FOOD SENSITIVITY?
Food sensitivity is an immune process that leads to inflammation, which may contribute to symptoms of disease. However, food sensitivity is not a disease.
Symptom relief varies by body system, with digestive symptoms like irritable bowel syndrome and psychological symptoms like anxiety and depression, showing the greatest improvement when reactive foods were removed.
The Food Sensitivity Test is done with a simple blood draw in the clinic, the sample is shipped off to the lab and your results are back within 1-2 weeks.
For more information about Food Sensitivity, go to:
Rocky Mountain Analytical Fact Sheet on Food Sensitivity Testing | <urn:uuid:f41ddf08-de20-45bc-9d5f-12926b177c78> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://fiskcohealth.com/food-sensitivity-testing/ | 2024-02-24T00:08:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.9376 | 141 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Pine Scotch, also known as Scots pine or Pinus sylvestris, is a species of pine tree native to Eurasia. It is widely cultivated for its timber and essential oil, which has a variety of industrial and medicinal uses. In this technical guide, we will provide information about the botanical characteristics, growing locations, and key specifications of Pine Scotch raw materials for those who wish to purchase wholesale quantities.
Synonyms: Pine Scotch is also known by several synonyms, including Scots pine, Norway pine, Riga pine, and Scotch fir. These names may vary by region or industry, so it is important to confirm the botanical name when purchasing Pine Scotch raw materials.
Botanical Names: The botanical name for Pine Scotch is Pinus sylvestris. It belongs to the Pinaceae family, which also includes other conifers such as spruce, fir, and cedar. Pine Scotch is a large tree that can grow up to 35 meters tall and has a distinctive reddish-brown bark and long needles that grow in pairs.
Growing Locations: Pine Scotch is native to Eurasia and is widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. It is commonly found in boreal forests and mountainous regions with cold winters and mild summers. In Europe, major growing regions include Scandinavia, Russia, and the Baltic states. In Asia, it is found in northern China, Mongolia, and Siberia. | <urn:uuid:71673b7b-c02d-4d82-9f3d-5da717f0bf11> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://florasquare.co/dry-extracts/pine-scotch.html | 2024-02-23T22:56:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.951335 | 290 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The Chinese New Year is the most significant festival in China. The people in China spend a week on an official public holiday. The holiday is meant to bring people together and spend more time with the family. The Chinese New Year's date is determined by the lunar calendar and each year it falls on different dates. Next year the Chinese New Year Eve will be on February 1st, 2022. The Chinese New Year is also known as the Spring Festival or Lunar New Year.
How is the Chinese New Year celebrated?
The Chinese celebrate their New Year by putting up decorations, families coming together to share a meal on New Year's Eve, fireworks, giving red envelopes and gifts. Other Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan also celebrate the Chinese New Year.
The Chinese New Year and the flowers?
On the Chinese New Year, people celebrate the coming of spring or the renewal of life. As one of the quintessence of the spring, flowers play an important role in the celebrations of the Spring Festival. Families fill their homes with Chinese New Year flowers and fruits for wealth and good fortune. For sure the Chinese New Year celebration can’t do without flowers.
In the following lines we list the 5 of the most popular flowers used for the celebration of the Lunar New Year.
We can easily say that the most popular Chinese New Year’s flower is the orchid. The orchid is considered as one of the four pivotal flowers in Chinese culture, along with bamboo, plum blossom, and chrysanthemum. This delicate God’s creation symbolises fertility and purity. That makes it the perfect gift for a young family. In the flower shop, you will find a variety of orchids in terms of colours and types. But every one of them will get the job done.
Peonies are considered a national symbol of China and symbolises wealth and prosperity. They are also associated with women’s beauty and charm. You can find peony designs on the red envelopes containing money as a gift for the Chinese New Year. Why not give fresh peonies with the red envelopes for the special eve?
The yellow variety of the Chrysanthemums is another flower representing wealth and prosperity. These flowers are commonly given to older members of the family as they symbolise longevity. Chrysanthemum is another one of the “four gentlemen” in Chinese culture, along with orchids, bamboo, and plum blossoms. The white ones are less used for decoration during the holiday as it means grief and loss.
Narcissus is known as a sacred flower in Chinese culture. As the rest of the listed flowers, it also represents prosperity and wealth. People widely use it in the decorations of their homes for the Chinese New Year because it has an amazing fragrance. These flowers are easy to take care of and grow fast. So they will be in full bloom if you get them a couple of days before New Year's Eve.
The Sword Lily or gladiolus is another flower that can be found among the decorations for the Chinese New Year. It has many blossoms on a single branch which makes it perfect for decorating. It symbolises a rise in career and personal life. That makes it appropriate for wishing good luck to someone starting a new job.
Other lucky plants for Chinese New Year
In Chinese culture, the peach is a symbol of vitality while peach blossoms are believed to drive evil spirits away from the home.
Pussy willows are the harbinger of spring and are highly associated with growth and wealth in Chinese culture. A bundle of pussy willows is a perfect gift for those looking for a long-lasting house plant because it can last for months.
Lucky bamboo is not that bamboo which pandas love eating. It is actually not bamboo at all. As the name suggests, the plant brings luck to the home. It's Interesting to note that its meaning depends on the number of stalks you place. For example, two stalks mean love while three stalks refer to happiness and rise in career.
Posted by The Flower School on 31st Jan 2021 | <urn:uuid:aab6d468-cc46-4a23-b165-596b2cb59654> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://flower-school.co.uk/blog/5-lucky-flowers-to-give-for-chinese-new-year/ | 2024-02-23T23:55:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.954341 | 856 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Are you curious to know what is an underbite? You have come to the right place as I am going to tell you everything about an underbite in a very simple explanation. Without further discussion let’s begin to know what is an underbite?
Your smile is not just a window to your personality; it’s also a reflection of your oral health. One common dental issue that can affect your smile and overall oral well-being is an underbite. In this blog, we’ll explore what an underbite is, its causes, effects, and available treatment options, so you can better understand and address this dental condition.
What Is An Underbite?
An underbite, also known as a Class III malocclusion or prognathism, is a dental condition in which the lower teeth protrude further forward than the upper teeth when the jaws are closed. In simple terms, it’s a misalignment of the upper and lower jaws that causes the lower teeth to jut out in front of the upper teeth, resulting in an irregular bite pattern.
Causes Of An Underbite
Several factors can contribute to the development of an underbite, including:
- Genetics: Heredity plays a significant role in the development of underbites. If your parents or grandparents have or had underbites, you may be more susceptible to this condition.
- Skeletal Growth: Abnormal jaw growth or an imbalance in the size of the upper and lower jaws can lead to an underbite. This growth issue may be due to genetics, injury, or certain medical conditions.
- Childhood Habits: Prolonged thumb-sucking or pacifier use beyond infancy can affect jaw development and contribute to the development of an underbite.
- Tongue Thrusting: If a person has a habit of pushing their tongue against their teeth while swallowing or speaking, it can exert pressure on the lower front teeth, pushing them outward and causing an underbite.
Effects Of An Underbite
An underbite can have several consequences, including:
- Aesthetics: The most visible effect of an underbite is the alteration of facial aesthetics. It can cause the chin to jut out, creating an unbalanced facial appearance.
- Oral Health Issues: Underbites can lead to various dental problems, such as uneven wear and tear on the teeth, increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease, and difficulty in maintaining proper oral hygiene.
- Speech Impediments: Some individuals with underbites may experience speech difficulties, including lisping or slurred speech, due to the misalignment of their teeth and jaws.
- Chewing and Digestion Problems: An underbite can make it challenging to bite and chew food properly, leading to digestive issues and inadequate nutrition absorption.
Treatment Options For Underbites
Fortunately, there are effective treatment options available for correcting underbites, depending on their severity:
- Orthodontic Treatment: For mild to moderate underbites, orthodontic interventions, such as braces or clear aligners, can gradually shift the teeth into their correct positions.
- Surgery: In severe cases of underbites, especially when the misalignment is primarily due to jaw structure, orthognathic surgery may be necessary. This surgical procedure repositions the upper and lower jaws to achieve a proper bite.
- Palatal Expanders: In children with underbites, palatal expanders can help widen the upper jaw, allowing the lower jaw to align correctly over time.
- Retainers: After orthodontic treatment, wearing a retainer can help maintain the corrected bite.
An underbite is a dental condition that can affect both your appearance and oral health. Fortunately, with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it’s possible to correct an underbite and achieve a healthier, more balanced bite pattern and a confident smile. If you suspect you or your child has an underbite, consult with an orthodontist or a dentist for a comprehensive evaluation and treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.
Is It Ok To Have An Underbite?
An underbite can affect your health in several ways. Not only can it take a mental toll on you, but it can even influence the way you sleep. Underbite can also affect you in the following ways. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD).
Does Underbite Cause Problems?
Even though an underbite appears to be a cosmetic issue, the condition can cause several oral health problems, including: difficulty biting and chewing food. challenges with speaking properly or clearly. pain in the mouth and face caused by the misalignment of the jaw.
Do Underbites Get Worse With Age?
As a child ages, the underbite usually becomes worse with age, particularly during the growth spurt that occurs in the early teenage years (9-14). After this growth spurt, the growth of the jaw becomes stable and stops around mid-teenage years for females and late teenage years for males.
Can I Live With My Underbite?
Most people can live with slight underbites. But if you suffer from jaw pain or trouble eating, you should get help. Braces are common among adults. Other options include jaw expanders and underbite headgear.
I Have Covered All The Following Queries And Topics In The Above Article
What Is An Underbite In Teeth
What Is An Overbite And Underbite
What Is An Underbite Look Like
What Is An Underbite In A Dog
What Is Underbite And Overbite
What Causes Underbite
How To Fix Underbite Naturally
What Is An Underbite | <urn:uuid:d29d46e1-5e44-4f6f-bdc7-8075905e931e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://frapto.com/what-is-an-underbite/ | 2024-02-24T00:11:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.921587 | 1,170 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Posted on June 10th, 2023.
Kosher is a Hebrew word that means "fit" or "proper." In the context of food, kosher refers to food that complies with Jewish dietary laws. These laws are set forth in the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
There are many different aspects to kosher law, but some of the most important rules include:
- Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together. This is because meat and dairy are considered to be two separate types of food. The Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, prohibits the mixing of meat and dairy. This is because meat and dairy are seen as representing different aspects of God's creation. Meat is seen as representing the animal kingdom, while dairy is seen as representing the plant kingdom. By keeping meat and dairy separate, Jews are showing respect for both the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom.
- Animals that are not kosher cannot be eaten. This includes pork, shellfish, and animals that do not have cloven hooves and chew their cud. The Torah prohibits the consumption of certain animals, including pork, shellfish, and animals that do not have cloven hooves and chew their cud. These animals are seen as being unclean or unfit for human consumption.
- Meat must be slaughtered in a specific way. This is called shechitah, and it is done to ensure that the animal is humanely killed. Shechitah is a specific method of slaughtering animals that is required by Jewish law. It involves a sharp knife being used to quickly and painlessly sever the animal's carotid arteries and jugular veins. This method of slaughter is seen as being more humane than other methods of slaughter, such as shooting or stunning.
- All food must be prepared in a kosher kitchen. This means that all utensils and cookware must be used for kosher food only. Kosher kitchens are kitchens that are specifically designed to prepare kosher food. They have separate utensils and cookware for meat and dairy, and they have special sinks for washing meat and dairy dishes. This is to prevent cross-contamination of meat and dairy products.
Why is Kosher Food Important?
There are many reasons why kosher food is important to Jews. Some people believe that kosher food is healthier than non-kosher food. Others believe that it is important to follow Jewish dietary laws in order to maintain a strong connection to their religion. Still others believe that kosher food is simply more delicious.
Whatever the reason, kosher food is an important part of Jewish culture. It is a way for Jews to express their faith and to connect with their heritage.
Where Can I Find Kosher Food?
Kosher food can be found in many different places. There are kosher restaurants all over the world, and there are also many kosher grocery stores. In addition, many supermarkets now carry a selection of kosher foods.
If you are not sure where to find kosher food, you can ask your rabbi for recommendations. You can also check online for a list of kosher restaurants and grocery stores in your area.
Kosher Baked Goods
- Challah: Challah is a traditional Jewish bread that is made with eggs and honey. It is often braided and decorated with flowers or other designs. Challah is often served on Shabbat and holidays.
- Bagels: Bagels are a type of bread that is boiled before it is baked. They are often topped with poppy seeds or sesame seeds. Bagels can be eaten plain or filled with a variety of toppings, such as cream cheese, lox, or vegetables.
- Matzo: Matzo is a flatbread that is made without yeast. It is often eaten during Passover, when Jews are not allowed to eat any leavened bread. Matzo can be eaten plain or used to make a variety of dishes, such as matzo ball soup or matzo brie.
- Kreplach: Kreplach are small dumplings that are filled with a variety of fillings, such as meat, cheese, or potatoes. They are often served in a soup or stew.
- Hamantaschen: Hamentaschen are triangular-shaped pastries that are filled with a sweet filling, such as poppy seed or fruit. They are often eaten during Purim, a Jewish holiday that celebrates the defeat of Haman, a Persian official who plotted to destroy the Jewish people.
- Cookies: Cookies are a popular type of baked good that can be found in many different flavors. Kosher cookies are made with kosher ingredients and are often certified by a rabbi.
- Cakes: Cakes are another popular type of baked good that can be found in many different flavors. Kosher cakes are made with kosher ingredients and are often certified by a rabbi.
These are just a few of the many types of kosher food that can be found in bakeries. Kosher bakeries are a great place to find delicious and nutritious food that complies with Jewish dietary laws.
Tips for Eating Kosher
If you are new to eating kosher, there are a few things you should keep in mind:
- Read food labels carefully. Not all foods that are labeled as "vegetarian" or "vegan" are actually kosher.
- Be aware of cross-contamination. When eating at a restaurant, it is important to ask if the food is prepared in a kosher kitchen.
- Be prepared to cook at home. If you cannot find kosher food in your area, you may need to cook at home.
- Eating kosher can be a challenge, but it is also a rewarding experience. By following these tips, you can make it easier to eat kosher and enjoy the many benefits that it has to offer.
Here are some of the benefits of eating kosher:
- Healthier diet. Some studies have shown that people who eat kosher tend to have healthier diets than those who do not. This is likely due to the fact that kosher food is generally lower in fat and calories, and higher in protein and fiber.
- Stronger connection to Judaism. Eating kosher can help people to feel more connected to their Jewish faith. This is because kosher food is an important part of Jewish culture and tradition.
- More delicious food. Many people believe that kosher food is simply more delicious than non-kosher food. This is likely due to the fact that kosher food is often made with fresh, high-quality ingredients.
If you are interested in learning more about kosher food, there are many resources available. You can talk to your rabbi, read books and articles about kosher food, or visit kosher restaurants and grocery stores. If you're looking for delicious kosher baked goods that are made with the finest ingredients and utmost care, look no further than Fred's Bakery and Deli. Our commitment to quality, taste, and tradition is unwavering, and we're proud to serve our community with such exceptional products. So why don't you give us a try? You can contact us at [email protected] to place an order or ask any questions you may have. We'll be more than happy to bring the flavors of our bakery into your home! | <urn:uuid:944bfc0e-9af0-4e48-bc71-69c50dd19cf9> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://fredbakeries.com/blog/a-beginner-s-guide-to-eating-kosher | 2024-02-23T23:43:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.9759 | 1,478 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Unfortunately, the potential consequences of Facebook’s algorithms go beyond just “not having enough fun.” Comparing your life with that of every other person you’ve ever known, arguing with people about politics and social issues, dealing with social drama and bullying, receiving negative comments, not getting enough comments, reading stressful content — if your day-to-day life is full of these kinds of interactions, it’s not really surprising that it can affect your mental health.
There’s no shortage of studies and research into this topic. In young people and adults alike, social media envy is affecting anxiety and depression levels. Facebook content shows you what a perfect life looks like — the extravagant lives of the rich, the fabricated lives of content creators, and the efforts of people you know trying to emulate them. Not having what you want, not looking how you want, feeling inferior to others, feeling ashamed that you haven’t achieved the right level of success — these negative emotions aren’t easy to turn off. They affect your ability to enjoy what you do have and your ability to go out and make more for yourself.
For some people, things can become even more serious. They require medication to help combat their depression, and if they don’t or can’t receive the help they need, their quality of life can severely deteriorate. In extreme cases, suicide is also possible. Of course, if you think Facebook causes you this kind of stress, you should step away from it immediately. | <urn:uuid:cab85364-009a-485f-b0a5-5c56700bd835> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://gaminghouse.info/5-reasons-you-should-stop-using-facebook-right-now/ | 2024-02-23T23:21:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.948922 | 314 | 2.53125 | 3 |
BADAMI (ಬದಾಮಿ or Vatapi as it was known originally) is an ancient temple town located in the Bangalkot district of Nothern Karnataka in India. The place ‘Badiamaioi’ mentioned by Greek Geographer Ptolemy (150 AD) has been identified as Badami.
Badami was the capital of Chalukya dynasty who ruled several parts of Karnataka between 540 to 757 AD. The town of Badami lies 460 Kms from Bangalore, situated at the mouth of a ravine protected by huge red sandstone ridges on either sides with a beautiful lake (Agastya lake) in the middle.
Legend has it that Badami was named after an asura called Vatapi who got killed by sage Agastya. Chalukya rulers had fortified the hills surrounding the town and built several temples in and around the area. The temples and ruins at Badami, Pattadakkal, Aihole and Mahakuta are good examples of Chalukya architecture.
The most famous among this group of temples are the rock-cut cave temples built between 6th and 8th centuries AD.
There is a famous Carnatic recital “Vatapi Ganapatim Bhaje” praising lord Ganesha at Vatapi, composed by Muthuswami Dikshitar. The Chalukyas were defeated by Pallavas in 7th century and the idol of Vatapi Ganapati was transferred to TamilNadu which is now at Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple, near Thanjavur.
Badami Cave Temples were built by King Pulikeshi-I during 600 to 700 AD . The architecture of these temples follow a blend of North Indian Nagara style as well as South Indian Dravidian style. There are 4 caves in total, where Shaivism, Vaishnavism & Jainism were being practiced side by side. This is a fine example of religious tolerance of Chalukya rulers. Cave-1 is dedicated to Lord Shiva, Caves-2&3 to worship Lord Vishnu and Cave-4 was a Jain shrine.
Beware of monkey thieves ! Avoid carrying bags and food items. Those monkeys are experts in snatching your stuff.
Cave-1 is the oldest of them all, carved out of red sandstone in 578 AD . Climb up a flight of steps that leads you to a rectangular sanctum with a number of pillars and fine carvings of Lord Shiva and Parvati in various poses. The walls, pillars & ceiling are highly ornamental and also decorated with murals. The major attraction of the cave is the statue of Shiva in the form of 18 armed Nataraja, known as ‘Lord of Dance’. It has been made in such a way that each combination of a pair of hands represents a mudra of Bharatanatyam dance (a form of Indian classical dance) . A total of 81 such mudras have been depicted in this amazing sculpture. Shiva’s son Ganesh could be found watching the dance or trying to imitate his father. Nandi the bull also stands next to Nataraj in the sculpture. Adjacent to the Nataraja statue is another grand sculpture of goddess Mahishasuramardini .The cave also portrays an idol of Shiva with Lakshmi and Parvathi standing on either sides. The ceiling of the cave is decorated with a Nagaraja motif, the serpent king.
Cave-2, built in the 6th century AD is similar in size & construction to Cave-1. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu in the form of Trivikrama who stands with one foot on Earth and the other pointed towards North. Vishnu has also been depicted in the avatars of Krishna and Varaha in this temple.
The Dwarapalaka or armed guard can be found at the entrance, holding a flower . The ceiling has been decorated with an art-work of a wheel with sixteen fish spokes and another one with swastikas built inside square frames.
Cave-3 is the biggest among all, constructed in 578 AD. This shrine is dedicated to Lord Vishnu in his various avatars. The cave has exquisitely carved interiors with a large number of Vishnu’s reliefs like standing Vishnu, Vishnu holding serpent, avatars like Narasimha, Varaha, Harihara and Trivikrama. The ceiling has been decorated with mural paintings of Lord Brahma with a lotus medallion engraved on the floor beneath it.
Cave-4 is a Jain shrine built later in 6th or 7th century. It contains incredibly beautiful carvings of Bahubali (Mahavir) and several Tirthankaras of Jain religion adorning the sanctum.
Badami Fort is spread across two hills, most of which got ruined as the result of wars between Chalukyas & Pallavas. The Chalukya King Pulakeshi I constructed the fort during his reign between 543-566 AD and made it the capital of Chalukya empire. Rock-cut steps leading to the top of the hill start at the archaeological museum. It is a steep climb and a bit strenuous too. Carry enough water with you and keep a watch for monkey menace. The fort encloses large granaries and two temples viz. the Lower Shivalaya dedicated to Ganesh and the Shiva Shrine Malegitti Shivalaya at a much higher altitude. It is believed that the lower Shivalaya temple is where the Vatapi Ganapathi idol was originally placed. The fort also houses treasuries and a Cannon placed there by Tipu Sultan later during 17th century .
Other major attractions in Badami are the Bhutanatha temple & Mallikarjuna temples situated on the banks of a tank locally called the Agasthya Tirtha.
One should not miss the other sightseeing places like Pattadakal, Aihole and Mahakuta, scattered around Badami . The historical village of Pattadakal lies at a distance of around 20 km from Badami . Aihole is another protected archaeological site situated 14 Kms from Pattadakal . These sites have several picturesque temples dating back to the 6th and 7th century AD. The drive through these village roads is really interesting as it passes through sunflower gardens & green farms. The flora and fauna around the country-side is incredibly beautiful.
Mahakuta is another village that lies 14 Kms from Badami . There are several temples in Mahakuta temple complex, the most important ones are Mahakutesvara temple and the Mallikarjuna temple. A large pond called Vishnu Pushkarni that gets filled by a natural spring is very important for the pilgrims visiting the complex. People believe it is auspicious to take a holy dip in this pond. A small shrine situated in the middle of the tank has a special Shiva Linga (Panchamukha linga or five faced linga).
Best time to visit :
- The temperature could shoot upto 45°C during summer . The best period to visit Badami would be October to February .
How to reach :
By Road :
- Bangalore – Tumakuru – Chitradurga – Hosapete – Kushtagi – Badami : 454 Km.
- Bangalore – Bellary – Hosapete – Kushtagi – Badami : 513 Km.
- Pune – Satara – Kolhapur – Badami : 460 Km.
- Pune – Solapur – Vijayapura – Bangalkote – Badami : 471 Km.
- Hyderabad – MahbubNagar – Raichur – Badami : 424 Km.
- Hampi – Hosapete – Kushtagi – Badami : 150 Km.
- Badami – Pattadakal : 20 Km.
- Badami – Aihole : 34 Km.
- Badami – Mahakuta : 14 Km.
By Air :
- Nearest airports are Hubli (106 km) and Belgaum (150 km)
By Rail :
- Badami Railway Station has good connectivity with Bangalore, Hubli, Bijapur, Gadag, Solapur and other cities. | <urn:uuid:61cb9053-e326-42a0-ac63-a3d7548d2059> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://gops.org/?p=973 | 2024-02-23T23:01:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.96074 | 1,773 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Indian Culture Description
Location: Northern India
Capital: Dehradun (Interim), Gairsain (Summer)
Languages: Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni, English
Industries: Tourism, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Handicrafts
Famous Dances: Chholiya, Langvir Nritya, Barada Nati, Pandav Nritya
Popular Places: Dehradun, Mussoorie, Nainital, Rishikesh, Haridwar, Jim Corbett National Park, Auli, Valley of Flowers
Popular Food: Aloo Ke Gutke, Kumaoni Raita, Bal Mithai, Gahat Ki Dal, Thechwani
Uttarakhand, nestled in the lap of the Himalayas in northern India, is a state where pristine mountains, sacred rivers, and diverse cultures come together to create a tranquil and spiritual experience. Known as the “Devabhumi”, it’s a place where spirituality, adventure, and natural beauty thrive.
The capital city, Dehradun, is known for its pleasant climate and scenic landscapes. While Hindi is the official language, Garhwali, Kumaoni, and English are widely spoken.
Uttarakhand’s natural beauty is epitomized by its towering peaks and lush valleys. Mussoorie, often called the “Queen of the Hills,” offers panoramic views of the Shivalik Range and is a popular hill station.
Nainital, with its pristine lake and colonial-era charm, is a favored destination for boating and relaxation.
Rishikesh and Haridwar, situated along the banks of the holy Ganges River, are renowned for their spiritual significance and yoga retreats.
Jim Corbett National Park, India’s oldest national park, is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts, offering the chance to spot tigers and a variety of fauna.
Auli, a picturesque ski resort, offers breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks and is a paradise for winter sports enthusiasts.
The Valley of Flowers, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a botanical wonderland with a stunning display of colorful flora.
The state’s cuisine is a delectable journey. Aloo Ke Gutke, Kumaoni Raita, and Gahat Ki Dal are local favorites. Bal Mithai, a sweet delicacy, and Thechwani, a spicy dish, are dishes that reflect the region’s culinary diversity.
Uttarakhand’s traditional dances, including Chholiya, Langvir Nritya, Barada Nati, and Pandav Nritya, are vibrant expressions of the state’s culture. These dances are performed during festivals and celebrations.
With its serene landscapes, spiritual havens, and diverse culture, Uttarakhand invites travelers to explore its enchanting offerings. It’s a place where every river has a story, and every mountain peak whispers serenity.
Uttarakhand is more than just a destination; it’s an immersive journey that leaves visitors with a deep appreciation for its spirituality and an enduring love for its natural serenity. It’s a land where nature’s beauty reigns supreme, creating memories that resonate with tranquility and awe.
Visited 359 times, 1 Visit today | <urn:uuid:240e3b95-d4af-4958-8fcc-f44c23246604> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://greatdesi.com/indian-culture/uttarakhand-best-yoga-retreats-spiritual-meditation/ | 2024-02-24T00:49:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.899601 | 713 | 2.796875 | 3 |
by Keith Hautala
(July 21, 2014) — The Commonwealth’s first megawatt-scale carbon capture pilot unit at an operating power plant will soon be located at Kentucky Utilities Company’s E.W. Brown Generating Station, near Harrodsburg.
The announcement was made during a news conference and ribbon cutting on the grounds of the facility this morning with Gov. Steve Beshear, Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet Secretary Len Peters, LG&E and KU Energy Chairman, CEO and President Victor Staffieri, University of Kentucky President Eli Capilouto, and other dignitaries and industrial partners in attendance.
The $19.5 million project with the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research is made possible through a $14.5 million competitive financial assistance award from the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory and cost-share funding from UK, the Kentucky Department of Energy Development and Independence, the Carbon Management Research Group (CMRG) utility members, and project team members including the Electric Power Research Institute and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems America.
The CMRG, comprised of government agencies, electric utilities and research organizations, seeks cost-effective technologies to reduce and manage carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants. Current utility members include LG&E and KU Energy, Duke Energy and Kentucky Power.
The focus of this “catch and release” style pilot system will serve to demonstrate improvements in the integration of carbon capture technology at an existing power plant, produce key discoveries with the goal of developing a safer, more efficient process, and test the feasibility of ideas and technologies for the integration of commercial-scale carbon capture systems.
Construction of the two megawatt thermal post-combustion carbon dioxide capture pilot system is expected to be complete this fall, shortly followed by the testing period. Key discoveries will be determined after testing is finished in mid-2016.
“This project is the next phase in a partnership between LG&E and KU and the University of Kentucky that began back in 2006, when our company committed $1.5 million to CAER for research into the reduction of greenhouse gases,” said Staffieri. “In 2006, there were no regulations on carbon emissions, but we recognized the importance of this research for our company and our Commonwealth. That’s why we continue to invest in these types of projects, which explore ways to make a difference for both our industry and future generations.”
Beshear applauded the ingenuity and purpose behind the project. “Generation of energy, affordable energy and the jobs energy provides all play a key role in the health of Kentucky’s economy,” he said. “The project we’re celebrating today and the partnership that made it possible show our state and its utilities are working together to maintain our livelihood and find solutions to the challenges posed by ever-increasing carbon constraints.”
“Coal has been the lifeblood of Kentucky and the most affordable fuel for energy generation for some time, but economic and regulatory pressure is changing the role coal has played in the energy landscape of Kentucky,” said Eli Capilouto, University of Kentucky President. “As we look toward the future of energy generation, the research results from the carbon capture projects like this provide our electric utilities with valuable information to determine whether these technologies are feasible for commercial-scale operations and can allow coal to be a viable energy source moving forward.”
"This project reinforces coal as part of the president's 'All of the Above' strategy, and underscores the viability of coal as part of America's low-carbon economy," said Julio Friedmann, deputy assistant secretary for clean coal and carbon management at the U.S. Department of Energy.
How It Works
The system will operate by using a few sampling ports to redirect a portion of the
flue gas just before the gas enters the stack. From the sampling port, the flue gas will move into modules where its interaction with a liquid solvent will extract CO2 from the flue gas. The resulting flue gas, now carrying less than 2 percent CO2, exits the absorber and returns to the stack. The liquid solvent carrying the removed CO2 is put through a two-stage process that boils off the carbon to produce a concentrated stream of CO2. The solvent is recycled to the absorber to process more flue gas. In commercial applications, the concentrated CO2 stream would then be compressed and piped for utilization or storage. In this “catch and release” research project, however, UK will perform detailed analyses of each process, then reintroduce the concentrated CO2 stream into the flue gas.
The system will consist of six modules connected side by side on a 2-by-3-foot grid. Each module measures about 160 square feet across and stands between 55 to 75 feet high.
In 2006, LG&E and KU Energy committed $1.5 million over three years to CAER to support carbon management research – including technologies to separate, capture and store carbon dioxide emitted by coal-fired power plants. In 2008, building on research initiated by LG&E and KU Energy’s support, CAER created a consortium with government agencies, electric utilities and their research organizations to seek cost-effective technologies to reduce and manage carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants.
The consortium, now known as the Carbon Management Research Group, splits the cost of research of large-scale carbon dioxide capture systems, which often has shown to be too expensive and high-risk for a single utility or government agency to undertake. Each of the CMRG’s previously mentioned partners contributes $200,000 a year. The Kentucky Department of Energy Development and Independence also contributes funding in the form of a one-to-one match up to $1 million annually, as approved by the Kentucky General Assembly in the biannual budget. | <urn:uuid:12b2d3e0-ecb2-4793-b526-5134979225bb> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://greenhouse.uky.edu/uks-caer-part-kentucky%E2%80%99s-first-megawatt-scale-carbon-capture-pilot-system | 2024-02-23T22:43:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.93602 | 1,229 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Learn more about OERs with our Open Educational Resources Guide.
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For subject specific OERS, explore the tabs of this guide.
For the full repositories, you can use the links below:
Please be sure to check quality of any materials and copyright requirements for any materials you plan to use for your class. | <urn:uuid:1509710f-f619-4d2f-8ae6-4103eb75b2e3> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://guides.library.duq.edu/c.php?g=1271237&p=9324819 | 2024-02-24T00:28:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.85738 | 127 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A cosmic beacon from the dawn of the universe
The Hubble Space Telescope has succeeded in imaging an especially bright quasar from the dawn of the universe. As astronomers report in a paper, J043947.08+163415.7 is 12.8 billion light-years away. That also means that we can see 12.8 billion years into the past. When the light that is reaching us today was emitted from the quasar, the universe was still in its epoch of reionization.
Thus, by discovering this quasar, astronomers have the chance of observing the cosmos as a child. The quasar is approximately as bright as eleven billion Suns. Possibly 10,000 new stars are created in it every year (for comparison: the Milky Way produces approximately one star per year). However, that still wouldn’t make it bright enough for the Hubble to see the quasar. To discover it, an additional cosmic magnifying glass was needed in the form of another, much closer galaxy, whose gravitational forces focused the light from J043947.08+163415.7 like a kind of lens, so that the quasar appears 50 times brighter than it would otherwise. | <urn:uuid:94dbb5e0-9a9f-4908-831f-61b2cac451e0> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://hardsf.space/a-cosmic-beacon-from-the-dawn-of-the-universe/ | 2024-02-23T22:57:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.965012 | 243 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Jadhav Mulai – The Forest Man of India
Mulai forest is one special forest in Assam as it was made alone by Jadhav Mulai Payeng in a span of 30 years. His work for environmental protection has earned him the title of ‘The Forest Man Of India’ and he has also been awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2015.
Mulai Kathoni, or Mulai forest, is spread across 550 acres in Kokilamukh, a village in the Jorhat district of Assam. The mixed-species forest is now home to many animal species like the Bengal tiger, one-horned Rhino, and Asian Elephants. The forest planted has also helped to reduce soil erosion caused by rivers in Assam. This man-made forest is as sufficient as any other natural forest in conserving wildlife and preventing soil erosion. | <urn:uuid:e5e62fb4-c945-4145-85a5-c2d9829ee655> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://hariteducation.com/gw-5/ | 2024-02-24T00:39:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.97216 | 187 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Most people have heard the term “tongue-tied” but are unaware that babies can suffer from an actual condition called ankyloglossia, also known as being tongue-tied. New moms who are having difficulties with breastfeeding, and are also suffering from nipple pain, should have their infant assessed for a tongue-tie by a physician or lactation consultant. Although not all tongue ties cause breastfeeding difficulties, many do.
A short frenulum or tongue-tie can cause difficulty with breastfeeding.
If you suspect your baby has a tongue-tie, ask a physician or lactation consultant to assess your baby.
You may have to advocate for yourself and your baby since the healthcare system is sometimes slow to respond to this need.
Most new moms look forward to the unique bonding experience and health benefits that breastfeeding provides. Many, however, experience some apprehension in their ability to master this new skill.
When they encounter breastfeeding problems soon after birth, new moms may blame themselves for their lack of expertise. However, the baby’s difficulty in achieving a good latch may be due to an issue they have never heard of before — a tongue-tie.
What is a tongue-tie?
If you look inside a baby’s mouth, you will notice a piece of tissue, called a labial (lip) frenulum, joining the upper lip and lower lip to the baby’s upper and lower gums. Another piece of tissue under the tongue, called the lingual (tongue) frenulum, joins the tongue to the lower jaw.
The frenulum is made of muscle fibers covered by a mucous membrane and has low blood supply. It anchors the upper and lower lips to their respective gums and the tongue to the floor of the mouth to give support for the lips and tongue.
When a lip (labial) frenulum is too tight, it limits the movement of the lips, and is called a lip-tie. When a tongue (lingual) frenulum is too short or tight, it limits the movement of the tongue. This is called a tongue-tie or ankyloglossia. This article concentrates on ankyloglossia.
Why is this important to know? During breastfeeding, the baby needs free movement of both its lips and tongue, to create a seal around the mother's nipple, in order to suckle milk from her breast. When a baby is tongue-tied, they are often unable to achieve a good latch, which impacts breastfeeding.
Symptoms of a tongue-tie
If new moms know the symptoms of a tongue-tie, and suspect this is an underlying issue to their breastfeeding problems, they will know to seek medical help. The symptoms of a tongue-tie are:
- Difficult latch. A baby’s ability to latch onto the nipple to breast feed is dependent upon their lips and tongue. A tongue-tie may prevent the baby from obtaining a good latch.
- Nipple pain. The new mom can experience nipple pain when the baby is unable to obtain a good latch and continually pulls off her breast, or from prolonged feeding by a fussy baby who is unable to get an adequate milk intake due to an incomplete latch.
- Poor weight gain. The baby is unable to get adequate breast milk with an incorrect latch, or an imperfect latch, which can cause poor weight gain.
- Heart-shaped tongue. A very short frenulum pulls on the tip of the tongue, which is especially noticeable when the baby is crying and the tongue is slightly protruded from their mouth.
Surgical repair of a tongue-tie
First of all, if your baby is tongue-tied and not having difficulty breastfeeding, then you don’t need to do anything. Tongue ties that aren't causing feeding issues may resolve on their own as the baby grows and the frenulum stretches. It is also important to recognize that there are other reasons for breastfeeding difficulties than tongue-ties.
However, if you are having difficulty breastfeeding, you should ask your physician, pediatrician, or lactation consultant to assess your baby for a tongue-tie. If they determine that your baby’s frenulum is tight and affecting your breastfeeding, they may advise that your baby have a frenotomy — have the frenulum under the tongue cut.
The procedure is simple. The physician will swaddle the baby, hold the tongue with a piece of gauze, and then make a small cut with a scalpel, scissors, or laser. Since the lingual frenulum has a limited blood supply, there will be minimal bleeding, and your baby can breastfeed immediately afterward.
Why tongue-ties are overlooked
New moms may wonder why their physician or nurse didn’t advise them that their new baby was tongue-tied. What they didn’t know is that their tongue-tied baby landed them in the middle of a medical controversy.
Historically, midwives who delivered most babies kept one long fingernail to sweep under an infant's tongue at birth, if they suspected a tongue-tie. More recently, there has been a lack of agreement in the medical community over the management and surgical intervention of tongue-ties. Since not all tongue ties cause breastfeeding issues, some physicians and nurses have stopped routinely assessing newborns.
Once a diagnosis of a tongue-tie has been made, there is a general consensus to clip the lingual frenulum, if it appears to be causing problems with breastfeeding. However, the delay in recognizing and diagnosing a tongue tie leaves many new moms feeling frustrated and unheard by the medical system.
Few babies are diagnosed with a tongue tie before leaving the hospital after delivery, and only about 50% are diagnosed within the first two weeks. This leaves new moms unable to establish their breast supply within the first few days of birth, an essential element for successful breastfeeding. They also report having increased mental health issues caused by lack of sleep due to their hungry, crying babies, from excruciating breast and nipple pain, and from feeling guilty for how their babies suffered.
If you are having difficulties breastfeeding and suspect a tongue-tie, you now have the knowledge you need to advocate for yourself and your baby.
Tips for moms of tongue-tied babies
Here are some tips you can follow if you are having difficulty breastfeeding and suspect your baby has a tongue-tie:
- Ask for an assessment. Ask your physician, nurse, or lactation consultant for an assessment if you suspect a tongue-tie.
- Insist on a timely intervention. Remind your physician that establishing your milk supply should be a priority.
- Use a breast shield. Try using a breast shield to improve your baby’s latch and decrease nipple pain.
- Ask for help. Ask a family member or friend to watch your baby for several hours, so that you can get some rest.
- Educate your healthcare provider. You may have to educate your healthcare provider about tongue-ties and that intervention is needed when the baby is having trouble breastfeeding.
- Don’t blame yourself. Feel proud of yourself for knowing the symptoms and advocating for yourself, and your baby.
- Share your experience with other moms. Many of you are on social media mommy groups. Tell the other moms about tongue-tied babies. You may be surprised how many of them are also struggling with this issue.
Breastfeeding your baby is an experience that can be challenging when you have a tongue-tied baby. With appropriate support and interventions, you can overcome this obstacle. I encourage you not to give up.
How often does a tongue-tie occur?
Tongue-tie, also known as ankyloglossia, occurs in 1% to 10% of all babies. Although tongue-ties have a higher rate of occurrence in males, it can be present in any sex. Any babies that are experiencing difficulty with breastfeeding should be assessed for a tongue-tie.
What are the complications of a frenotomy?
As in any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection and injury to the surrounding tissue. There is also a risk that the frenulum may grow back. Most babies tolerate the procedure well when it is performed by a qualified physician.
- Cureus. Labial Frenotomy for Symptomatic Isolated Upper Lip Tie.
- Journal of Applied Oral Science. Surgical techniques for the treatment of ankyloglossia in children: a case series.
- Journal of Indian Society Periodontology. An Overview of Frenal Attachments.
- Maternal Child Nutrition. Mothers' experiences of breastfeeding a child with tongue-tie.
- StatPearls. Ankyloglossia. | <urn:uuid:4d008a87-8166-4a2e-b83d-6abb4e73d30b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://healthnews.com/family-health/pregnancy/what-can-i-do-if-my-baby-is-tongue-tied-and-cant-breastfeed/ | 2024-02-24T00:26:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00235.warc.gz | en | 0.952582 | 1,791 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits