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Profile of a Perfectionist There’s a name for what Sally is battling—it’s called perfectionism, and unfortunately it’s all too common in our world today. I have already introduced the types of perfectionism and the effects it can have on a person’s thinking; in this article, I would like to discuss the profile of a perfectionist. Knowing what a perfectionist looks like may help you understand whether or not this is an issue with which you struggle. 1. Perfectionists are Detailed Oriented & Cling to Rules and Structure Perfectionists “lose the forest through the trees” (Basco, 1999). They get stuck little details and forget the big picture. For example, when studying for a test the perfectionist notices their notes are messy and spends hours recopying their notes, leaving almost no time to study all the chapters for the test. Not only are perfectionists focused on minutia they have rigid rules and a very strict sense of right and wrong, for example there is a right and wrong way to clean the house. They impose a lot “shoulds” for themselves: “I should be thin, I should not sleep in, I should clean my house, I should like to cook,” etc… 2. Perfectionists Fear Failure Perfectionists equate their performance with their worth and value, so when they fail to accomplish their goals their worth decreases. With this belief the perfectionist’s sense of value is always in flux because it’s based on their performance and other’s approval, which is ever changing. 3. Perfectionists Fear Making Mistakes Perfectionists hate to make mistakes to the point where it causes them psychological pain because they associate mistakes with failure. They experience intense humiliation especially when others witness their mistakes. Following a mistake the perfectionists will engage in self-loathing thoughts, beating themselves self up for perceived error. Mistakes are avoided at all costs even if it involves checking and rechecking their work. Because perfectionists avoid risks they often miss opportunities to learn and grow. 4. Perfections Doubt and Criticize Themselves Perfectionists tend to have low self-confidence and struggle with feeling inferior. They would rather be silent than to suggest a new idea and be vulnerable to the criticisms of others. They agonize about making the right decision. Fear invades their thoughts, sounding like, “My ideas are not good enough, people will laugh at me, I will look stupid.” And when they step out to take a risk and make a mistake, self-criticism is sure to follow. The ever-present question to the perfectionist is: Will I be good enough? 5. Perfectionists Fear Disapproval Perfectionists believe that if others see their flaws they will reject them. They can be very sensitive to criticisms or differing opinions, so perfectionism is a form of a protection. “If I am perfect people cannot hurt or reject me.” This need for approval also continues to fuel the performance cycle: “When I succeed I get attention, but when I don’t people do not notice me and disapprove of me.” 6. Perfectionists Have Unrealistic Expectations Perfectionists expect much from themselves. They feel pressure to be the best and do right ALL the time. Deep down perfectionists are trying to proving their self worth and are relentless in their pursuit of their goals. This striving to measure up often comes at the cost of themselves. 7. Perfectionists Are Preoccupied by Neatness and Organization Perfectionists tend to well dressed and groomed and like neatness and order. They tend to get overwhelmed by details and chaos. 8. Perfectionists Distrust Others Distrust in others abilities to get a job done is often equated with perfectionists. They tend to not be good delegators and end up doing projects by themselves. Relationally, perfectionistic may be very private and cautious to trust others to witness their true selves. Christian Counseling for Perfectionism If you recognized some of these qualities in your own life, you may be struggling with perfectionism. This can be an isolating and debilitating condition, and I urge you not to battle it alone. Christian counseling offers a great way to address the underlying issues that can lead to perfectionist behaviors. A Christian counselor can be a voice of affirmation and insight, and he or she can use therapeutic techniques and Biblical insight to empower you to live free from perfectionism. Images courtesy of freedigitalphotos.net “Stressed Business woman With Document Folders” and “Woman with Head Ache” by Michal Marcol DISCLAIMER: THIS ARTICLE DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this article are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please contact one of our counselors for further information.

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2024-04-13T19:31:50Z

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Spinosaurus was one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs, and it ate fish. This is what paleontologists often agree on. But did he wade into rivers and snatch them from the water like a grizzly bear? Or did it dive after its prey like a penguin or sea lion? This has become a matter of contentious contention among dinosaur experts. One group is increasingly convinced that Spinosaurus was rare among dinosaurs: it stuck its head underwater and swam below the surface. Others say no way. Latest shotspublished Wednesday in the journal PLOS One, comes from the Spinosaurus that couldn't swim team to counter a pro-swimming paper published two years ago. Previous work, published in the journal Nature, He claimed that in general, animals that spend most of their time in the water, such as penguins, have denser bones that provide heaviness and facilitate diving. The Nature paper concluded that Spinosaurus also had dense bones and was therefore likely a swimmer. But the bone density analysis was “statistically ridiculous,” said Nathan Myhrvold, a former chief technology officer at Microsoft and an amateur paleontologist who led the new research with Paul Sereno, a paleontologist at the University of Chicago. Dr. Myhrvold and Dr. Sereno also argued that Spinosaurus's inappropriate body shape would have made it a poor swimmer, if it could swim at all. Dr. Myhrvold said the dinosaur's weight distribution would have made it very heavy and unstable. “It's obvious why he can't swim,” he said. The giant sail on its back would have made it difficult for a swimming Spinosaurus to stay upright, Dr. Myhrvold said. “If you tip even the smallest amount, you will continue to tip.” In other words, the Spinosaurus would capsize and struggle to pull its sail out of the water. In this disagreement, there are points of agreement. Spinosaurus was probably longer and heavier than Tyrannosaurus rex. It lived about 95 million years ago in what is now Western Sahara, but it was then a fertile environment with deep-flowing rivers. It was also a strange-looking dinosaur, with its long vertebrae forming a huge sail on its back. There has been significant interest in Spinosaurus in the past decade following the discovery of a new fossil in Morocco by Nizar Ibrahim, who was also the author of an earlier study on bone density and is now a senior lecturer at the University of Portsmouth in England. The only other fossil was found by Ernst Stromer, a German paleontologist, in 1915, and was destroyed in an aerial bombing of Munich in 1944. In the latest study, Dr. Myhrvold and his colleagues say that paleontologists who made bone density claims used a sophisticated statistical technique without understanding its limitations. “This has been completely misapplied here,” Dr. Myhrvold said. “Unfortunately, when you have something that involves a lot of dense statistics, most paleontologists' eyes glaze over.” Dr. Myhrvold is not a traditional academic. Since leaving Microsoft in 1999, he is perhaps best known for leading the development of the encyclopedic Modernist Cuisine cookbooks. But he has previously sparked esoteric statistical ruckus, criticizing findings about dinosaur growth rates and claiming that NASA data on asteroids is flawed and unreliable. Previous work by other researchers has found that diving mammals tend to have denser bones than mammals that remain on land. But other mammals also have dense bones for other reasons. Elephants, for example, need stronger bones to support their weight. In 2022, researchers led by Matteo Fabbri, now a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Chicago, argued in their paper that bone density was a reliable indicator of whether an animal lived in water or on land for a much broader range of creatures, including Extinct species. “We thought, 'Oh, are these just mammals or are they reptiles too?' Dr. Fabbri said in an interview. “And if this is true, can we infer the ecology of extinct animals, including strange-looking dinosaurs like Spinosaurus?” Dr Fabbri said the analysis showed that “very high bone density is associated with the likelihood of going underwater”. The team of scientists concluded that Spinosaurus and Baryonyx, a relative of Spinosaurus, did dive, while another related dinosaur, Saucomymus, did not dive underwater. However, Dr. Myhrvold believes that bone density is not strictly divided into two groups. There are many aquatic animals with less dense bones than many terrestrial animals and vice versa. “If the two distributions are close to each other, you won't be able to get a correct result, or at least one that has any statistical power,” he said. He gives an example: In humans, men are generally heavier than women, but not every man is heavier than every woman. Therefore, if someone tells you that someone weighs 135 pounds, you will not be able to reliably conclude whether that person is male or female. Although Dr. Myhrvold and Dr. Sereno are now at odds with Dr. Fabbri and Dr. Ibrahim, they were all on the same side as the co-authors of A 2014 paper that described Spinosaurus was uncovered in Morocco. “We were divided intellectually,” Dr. Sereno said. Dr. Fabbri currently works in the same department as Dr. Serino, although he will become a professor at Johns Hopkins University this summer. “We say hello in this hallway,” Dr. Fabray said. “It's okay. We're obviously not killing each other.” Dr Ibrahim, who is in Morocco to conduct additional studies, said further findings would provide a more convincing argument that Spinosaurus was aquatic. He also rejected Dr. Myhrvold's biomechanical arguments as to why Spinosaurus could not swim, saying much was still unknown. He compared Dr. Myhrvold's findings with paleontologists who argued that tyrannosaurs must have been scavengers because they were unable to run fast enough to catch small, fast prey. But tyrannosaurs didn't have to be fast to pull off a large, slow-moving Triceratops. Likewise, prehistoric African rivers were full of giant, slow-moving fish, Dr. Ibrahim said. Spinosaurus didn't have to be a strong swimmer to catch them. “I can't reveal much,” he said. “But we have new material. We have several ongoing projects that are very exciting.” “Web maven. Infuriatingly humble beer geek. Bacon fanatic. Typical creator. Music expert.”

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Every January, hundreds of politicians, CEOs, scientific experts, and celebrities gather for their annual meeting in the exclusive Swiss ski resort of Davos to “improve the state of the world.” Yet, the World Economic Forum’s influence on society and consumption is surprisingly little understood. A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research addresses this gap. “The World Economic Forum claims that it is solving some of the most vexing issues of our time such as poverty or youth unemployment. But what are the solutions and how do they affect our lives?” write authors Markus Giesler and Ela Veresiu (both York University). To answer these questions, the authors undertook the first ethnographic analysis of the World Economic Forum. For eight years, they conducted in-depth interviews with Davos delegates about their activities, their beliefs, and their self-understanding. The interviews revealed that Davos delegates understand themselves as an enlightened elite guided by ethical considerations and called upon to preserve the common good from populist temptations. At the heart of their forum activities is the solution of global issues through a four-step moral reform process. First, Davos delegates shift the issue at hand to the level of individual consumption (for example, inequality is not the result of unregulated markets but rather stems from consumers’ unethical choice-making). Next, Davos delegates promote the idea that the only way to teach consumers ethics is greater market inclusion. Third, governments are encouraged to enable the creation of new markets to foster this inclusion. Finally, inequality is no longer a matter of balancing between rich and poor but rather a matter of how responsibly the poor act as consumers. “Previous portraits of Davos delegates as uprooted jetsetters or global networkers easily overlook their influence on society. Our findings reveal that the forum actively shifts the burden for the solution of problems from governments and corporations to individual consumers, with significant personal and societal costs,” the authors conclude. [Based on JSTOR press release] Further reading: Davos Pedagogy by Markus Giesler

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2024-04-13T18:33:33Z

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“Modeling does not have to be a big overwhelming three-day event.” —Nancy Butler Wolf Mathematical modeling is a hot topic in education, with many schools and teachers looking for resources and strategies to help incorporate modeling into their instruction. But what exactly is modeling? And how can you fit it into your already busy schedule? In her new book, Modeling with Mathematics, Nancy Butler Wolf provides clear, friendly guidance for teachers to use authentic modeling projects in their classrooms. She provides detailed examples and hands-on activities that support students in developing key problem-solving skills and becoming engaged mathematicians. Watch Nancy talk about tips for getting started with modeling in your classroom and resources to support you along the way. Interested in learning more about mathematical modeling? Watch Nancy’s previous video addressing some common concerns teachers have about modeling. You can also click here to read a sample from her book. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Nancy Butler Wolf is a national math consultant and curriculum developer who has served as a member of NCTM’s Illuminations Writing Group. She has over 30 years of classroom teaching experience and has presented at various conferences on mathematical modeling and algebraic reasoning. Follow her on Twitter @drnanbut.

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There are four Mitzvot that we are to fulfill during the Purim holiday. They are hearing the reading of the Megilla, a festive meal, money for the poor, and Mishloach Manot. The Megilla is meant to be heard twice, once at night, and once during the day. Women are equally obligated, as they played an important role in the Purim story. The festive meal should begin well before sunset. It should be accompanied with delicious food and singing. It is an expression of joy for our victory over Haman, and the enemies of our people. We are to give money to the poor, known as Matanot La’evyonim. We should find a representative who will be certain to give to at least two people. The Mishloach Manot are two different types of ready to eat food, that we give to at least one friend. This was meant to create a sense of harmony and unity among Jews. There is a fascinating Halacha in connection with how this Mitzva is performed. Ideally, we should choose friends that are on the same level as we are financially. This means that a wealthy person who prepares a huge basket of delicacies, should not give this to a poor person. Since he is unable to reciprocate, it will make him feel bad. This is why we help the poor in a more direct way. It is noteworthy to see that within the laws of how to celebrate this happy day in the Jewish calendar, there is also sensitivity towards others. Jewish Law is the vehicle that not only brings us closer to Hashem, but it helps us learn how to treat others with more kindness and sensitivity.

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2024-04-13T19:08:54Z

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« PreviousContinue » WEST BRIDGE, LEICESTER, THE West Bridge is erected over the river Soar, and has four high arches. It is forty yards long, six wide, on both sides the centre; but at the centre five yards six inches: its parapet wall is also unequal, yet, on an average, may be four feet high above the pavement. One arch is pointed, the other three are round. From this Bridge to Braunston Gate Bridge is 204 yards, inclining to the south. On the south side of the West Bridge is a dwellinghouse, resting on its edge, the water passing under it through the arch nearest the town, and the back part continuing above the water on the stone-work, that was once a chapel with a bell on the south-west side without, near the top, the frame of which still remains, though the window through which it might play is stopped up. Here two mendicant friars asked alms for the benefit of the neighbouring priory of the Black Friars. There was also, till very lately, a foot-bridge, covered over wholly with ivy, and called Bow Bridge, because it consisted of one large arch, like a bow, striding from the friary near the West Bridge, over a back

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2024-04-13T20:28:17Z

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Let’s face it; South Africa has had a difficult historical past that most people can’t seem to let go of. From the hundred years of recurrent Xhosa wars, the onset of colonization in 1652, the birth of ANC, to the death of Nelson Mandela, whose life has been a beacon of hope for many people, South African history has a number of turning points that momentarily shaped the present-day South Africa we all know. Apartheid, even though it’s a big part of the South African history, is not the only part that shapes the history. To help you understand what actually happened, we want to shed more light on the 10 moments that brought change in South African history and the significance of such change today that is evident in the society. Here we go: 10 Moments that brought Change in South African History 1. The Inception of Colonization – 1652 Colonization in South Africa began in 1652 when Jan Van Riebeek first arrived in South Africa – Cape Town to be specific. Immediately after arriving, Jan Van embarked on enacting the foundation of his fortress at the magnificent table mountain to keep the thundering Indian oceans and the Atlantic at bay. While doing this, little did he know he was erecting the foundation of Cape Town – the mother city of a country that would later become the powerhouse of Africa – or, let’s say, little did he know he was preparing South Africa for what would, later on, give South African natives a difficult colonial regime. 2. Racial Conflict and British Colonialism – 1779 to 1975 In 1779, the Boer expansion eventually met up with the Xhosa community who, on the face of it, were migrating southwards at the Fish River. This is what gave rise to a procession of nine inter-ethnic wars that were fought for a period of 100 years. Initially, the war was between the Boers and the Xhosas but later raged to become a war of the British against the Xhosas in 1795, after the British had forcefully nabbed off the colony from the Dutch under the command of Sir Henry James Craig. 3. Black Circuit and Rebellion – 1809 Reports of how the Boers mistreated the natives eventually reached the British Government. As a result, the British Rulers, in 1809, passed the Hottentot proclamation to protect the black servants from the Boers. Later on, a black circuit was passed which was actually a court that toured the interior sides of South Africa to hear all cases of black servants against the Boers. This act, in due course, drew a lot of resentment between the Boers and the British. Consequently, the resentment created room for the Slechter Nek’s rebellion that later claimed the lives of 5 Boers, who were hanged by the British. 4. Discovery of Diamonds – 1871 Diamonds were discovered in 1870 at what we presently refer to as Kimberly – the capital of Northern Cape Town Province. This discovery attracted hordes of fortune seekers from all corners of the world, who flocked to the regions surrounding Kimberly. In 1873, the British declared Kimberly their crowned colony, and four years later, they also went ahead to annex the Boer founded Transvaal republic. 5. The First-Anglo-Boer War – 1878 British annexation of the Transvaal republic brought a lot of tension between the Boers and British. In protest, the Boers decided to send a delegation to petition against the annexation, but British took a rigid stand even though they promised them considerable self-governance that was never implemented. To make the matters worse, the British rulers in Transvaal began attaching the properties of the Boers who refused to pay taxes. This act infuriated the Boers who resurrected their Militia and confiscated the attached goods from the British rulers. On 13th December 1880, Transvaal unilaterally declared itself independent from the British rule and went ahead to replace British flag with the flag that’s hitherto being revered in South Africa, the Vierkleur. 6. The Second-Anglo-Boer War – 1899 The Second-Anglo-Boer-War, also referred to as the South African war, was mainly triggered by the discovery of gold in South Africa. The British, determined to lure the gold, gathered over 443,000 soldiers with 22,000 casualties and 16,000 blacks as blockhouse guards and empire railways patrollers against the 45,000 Boer men. After fighting for three years, the Boer forces were narrowed down to 10,000. They, therefore, decided to engage the British in Guerrilla tactics by destroying their telegraph sites, storage depots and railways. In response, the British completely destroyed Boers supplies by burning down their farms and moving Boer civilians to concentration camps. This led to the death of approximately one out of the four civilians taken in the camps. By the end of the war, about 28,000 Boer women and children were taken to camp actually died of diseases and malnutrition. 7. The Union of South Africa – 1910 All the four colonies conquered by the British–Natal, Cape, Orange free state and Transvaal united to form the union of South Africa, which was under the British Commonwealth. 8. The Birth of ANC – 1912 To bring all the black South Africans together to help them fight for freedom and their rights as well, ANC was born. John Dube was then elected as the first president of the party. Now as this was going on, the British passed the notorious land act that forcefully drove all blacks away from their land to city centres to work as slaves. With no substantial power to influence the British government, the ANC party remained inactive until 1940 when it remodelled into a mass movement under the influence of Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, who were, by then, part of the ANC Youth League. 9. Independence – 1948 After the Second World War, the South African populace divided into two: 1) there was a group that was willing to serve the British government – the English in Natal, a fraction of the population in Cape Town and members of Unionist party and SA party. 2) the second group was strongly against the British rule, and it constituted all the members of the Nationalists party. Soon after, the Unionist party and SA party merged to form the United party. In 1948, an election was held but the united party lost to the Nationalists party. But despite all its effort to break free from the British rule and regain total independence, it only managed to make South Africa a republic on 31st May 1961. The British remained rigid on the apartheid policy; as a result, they were removed as commonwealth members. 10. The Black Rule The first free and fair multi-racial election was conducted on 26th April 1994. ANC won with 62.6% of the total votes. Nelson Mandela was then elected as the first black president of South Africa, with Thabo Mbeki and F.W de Klerk as his deputies. This marked the beginning of total independence in South African history and the permanent end to the much-dreaded apartheid policy.

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The of Independence.It had two distinct phases.It The Rabinnovich article titled ‘Seven Wars and a Peace Treaty’,gives achronological background of wars made between Arabs and Israeli’s after thebirth of Israeli state. I: First War;1948-1949 The Israeli’s reffered this waras the war of Independence.It had two distinct phases.It first begun in 1947after UN resolution on the partition of Palestine.The resolution was accepted bythe Jewish community,but Arabs rejected.The result was a civil war.Until May 15,1948 th two feuding communities tried to predispose the outcome of thefull-fledged strife that was bound to folow te evacuation of British forces. As aresult,much of fighting was mainly over the control of roads and the mixedcities. After Israeli’s declaration of independence,Egypt,Lebanon,Iraq,Syria andJordan invaded Palestine to help Palestinian Arabs.This war lasted eightmonths.Israel Defence Forces (IDF) a formal army,fought with 5 arab statesarmies. By December 1948,it was clear that Israel had won the war. Egyptian armywas advanced well into Sinai.Lebanese army was pushed back to its borders andIsraelis captured part of South Lebanon.Syrian army was forced to retreat to aline corresponding,to the pre 1948 international boundary.Those zones becamedemilitarized.The war ended with Jordan in control of what became WestBank. Iraqi army played a minor role,ts major role was pushing the Arab League tointervene in the war. But how could Israel succeed? It enjoyed the benefit ofcoherent leadership,whose impact was magnified by David Ben-Gurion’s ability tointegrate military and politiical elements into comphrensive strategy.Israel waspredicted on social and political structures of its own long before.Later in thewar,it obtained arms and turneits early military disadvantages intoadvantages.Soviet assistance to Israel was one reflection of the internationaldimension of the war.By helping Israel,Moscow hoped to disturb the status quo.In the end of the war,Israel had larger area than the UN partition solution hadreaffirmed. So Palestine refugee problem was created.It was humuliating forArabs. 2. THE SINAI-SUEZ CAMPAIGN WAR;OCTOBER 1956 1950’s the antiagonism of thestates was expressed in the means of politic,economics and military acts.TheArab boycott,the closure of Gulf of Tiran and Suez Canal to Israel shipping canbe shown as such examples. Arabs designed a full-scale war to undo theconsequences of 1948-1949 war and destroy Israeli state.For Israel, it would bea limited war,just to stregethen its position and anticipate Aon an arab attack.In the mean time Egypt was growing to be a regional power under the rule ofNasser,who was a pan-Arabist leader,a friend of Soviet Union,It was thefirestarter of struggles against Israel. There were waves of raids organized byPalestinian groupings from Gaza Strip and West Bank against Israel.Nasse createda tripartite military pact among Egypt,Syria and Jordan. Nationalization of Suezcanal and Britain’s evacuation from the place increased the influence of Egyptover Syria and Jordan.Nasser’s attack on the remnants of of Britain and France’scolonial empires had an important effect too.So France and Israeli alience wasformed. Briatin and France wanted to save their position in the region.So InOcober 1956,in collusion with Britain and France,Israel attacked Egypt. Iasraelbelieved its was waging a defensive war,Arabs were becoming belligerent.So shedecided to launch the Sinai campaign,to reach Suez Canal,to destroy EgyptianArmy in the Sinai and to capture Sharm el Sheikh,the point at the southern tipof the Sinai Peninsula dominating the Tiran strait.By reaching the SuezCanal,they would pave the way for the Britain and France to launch their ownmilitary operation. Although they were thwarled by USA and SU, Israel evacuatedthe Sinai and the Gaza Strip in 1957( later in return for security arrangementsmade by the Eisenhower adminitration.) Nasser turned this military defeat intopolitical victory. Sinai was to be demilitarized and to be held by a limitedEgyptian power in case of any surprise attack.Also,UN forces were to be settledin the Gaza Strip,along Sinai and Sharm el-Sheikh. This war showed Israel’simpressive military capability,it contributed to the consolidation of itsregional and international standing. But Nasser did not take any lessons,hestarted another war.He rested on the advantage of an Egyptian and arab militaybuild up,a sufficiant measuere of Arab cooperation to permit the formation of asingle arab around Israel and Israel’s international isolation. 3. THE SIX DAYSWAR;JUNE 5-10 1967 Soviet Union felt USA was trying to topple Syrian Baath Partyregime and isolate Nasser,led it to the extend an unsual degree of support toSyria and to feed the Egyptians false information concerning Israel plan toattack Syria.Nasser wanted to gain prestige where he lost in the preview waswith Israel,it was also going to take revenge.Plo was trying establish itspresence and it playeda small role in contributing the war. The outbreak of thewar was bit conflicting,The arabs wanted Israel to be the agressor.So they wereescalating the problems.For example,Egypt blocaded the Tiranstrait,remilitarized Sinai and evacuated the UN forces from here. Even USAgovernment reached a conclusion that there was no political solution to thecrisi and Israel military action was inevitable.It was an important developmentin the Israel government taking reassurance from USA. Israel sought to achieve anumber of purposes to retain a element of surprise,to deal with what waspercieved as the major threat namely the Egyptian military build up in theSinai,to accompion that within a short period of timr and to limit the scope ofthe war. As a result,the war took six days.It was a watershed in the history ofArab Israeli conflict. It led the creation of an arms race and military buildupon an entirely different level.Another importatnt result of the war was therenewal of the war for Palestine.Since 1948,there was one authority in controlfor Palestinian Arabs in West Bank.Israel’s posesssion of West Bank,regeneratednationalism,PLO won its autonomy. The unanswered porblem between Israel andSyria emerged after this war;it was the ‘Golan Heights’. Arabs were once againhumuliated,they understood that Israel could not be defeated by them in the war.4.THE WAR OR ATTRITION, DECEMBER 1968- AUGUST 1970 Israel wanted to use theoccupied areas from the previous wars as tools for peace settlement. But Arabswere not favour to this,they wanted to punish Israel because it was theagressior and peace was a reward.They came together in August 1967 KhartoumSumm’t Conferance and decided on their wellknown three nos to Israel. They evenwent to complain to Security Council of UN ,but they could not make any headway.So next year Nasser realised that this stalemate was detrimental,and decided tolaunch a war of attrition against Israel , Jordan Syria and PLO was supportingtoo. They were thinking that Israel was either not capable or not interested inlaunching a war on their challenge. After the increased shelling andambushes,Israel decided to change its attitude;it was relying on its airforce.Besides Israel launched commando raids on Egypt . Egypt collobrated withSoviet ground to air missile and planes were deployed in Egypt. Finally USSecratary of state W. Rogers come with a plan that resulted with a cease fireagreement. In August 1970,they were pozitive to have a ceasefire,because bothsides suffered alot . Throught this period PLO got permission from King Husseinto turn Jordan territory into a base of operation against Israel. It was alsobacked by many Arabs states. 5. THE OCTOBER WAR (OCTOBER 5- 22 1973) This war isalso called th Ramadan War by Egyptians,and Yum Kipur War by Israelis. Thdetante period was going on between the super powers,and this period was infavor of Israel establishing good relations. Sadat came to power after the deathof Nasser and his plan was posing a limited war against Israel in cooperationwith Syria.This was consisted of the crossing of the Suez Canal and control ofits western bank and Syria to open a front in Golan Heights.In order to theirplan,Egypt launched a surprise attact,ghypt crossed Sinai. so this time Israelcrossed The Suez Canal before Egypt,then pushed a counterattack on Syria in GlanHeights.Egypt wanted to continiue the war but Syria wanted to take passivestance.By the way,Soviet was supporting Egypt.But in the end of the war the wasno no conclusion. Israel gained some more territory,it advanced its position nomore than 60 miles to Cairo.But Egypt Forces were in control of the most of thewest bank of Suez Canal.But Israel had several problems too;decline ofgovernment,high economic and financial costs of war and most importantlyincrease of the the Arab world’s internatonal effects. 6. THE ARAB ISRAELISETTLEMENT After the October war,Egypt started asking itself could and shouldEgypt continue participating in this Arab-Israeli conflict. Because it wasimporeristed and became depent on other rich Arab states. In November 1973,TheAlgiers summit,introduced two conditions for a political settlement withIsrael.These were the returning of all the territories captured in 1967 andrestoring of legitmate rights of the Palestinians. Egypt was willing togofurther to regain Sinai.Both Egypt and Syria signed disengagement agreementswith Israel. By 1977,Sadat felt that PLO and Syria were following anobstructionist cause that would prevent Egypt to get back Sinai,so he went toJerusalem and conducted bilateral relations with Israel.In return,Begin came toEgypt,Ismailia.America was trying to mediate for more beneficial peacesettlements.In 1978,president Carter invited both leaders to Camp David . Israelagreed that Palestinians had legitmate national rights.Camp Davidproduced twomore agreements.One was dealing with a Israeli Egyptian peace treaty and thesecond was specifying a five years period of autonomy for Palestians of the WestBank and Gaza with local representatives. They could not brind any solution toPalestinian question but showed that political process could bring themimprovements.This was the first Arab-Israeli peace agreement. 7. THE WAR INLEBANON JUNE 1982-SEPTEMBER 1982 This war was the first war between Israelis andPalestinians after the war of 1948-1949. Israel aimed to destory PLO militaryinfrastructura nd their presence in Southern Lebanon,to eliminate their capacityto shell northern Israel.It also aimed to help Lebanese State (radical maronitechristians) to establish an effective centarlized government,to improve itsposture in the next phase of Arab-Israeli settlement processby destroying thePLO’s autonomous territorial base in Lebanon forming a normal relations with asecond Arab state. So in June 1982,Israel invaded Beirut.PLO had to retreat toother arab states.Israel took control of Southern Lebanon.In the mean time,Bashir Jumayyil (the leadet which Israel favored) was assasinated.Then hisbrother came to power,but he was not as pro-Israel as he thought,so this wasinfavorable for Israel. As a result ,in may 1983, an agreement wa signed betweenIsrael and Lebanon arranging Israel’s withdrawal from Lebanon in return ofnormalization and for security arrangements in Lebanon. Israel declared that theforeign forces should leave Lebanon but Syria was not evacuating and alsopreassuring the new established Lebanese state,also was rejecting the agreement.As a result war in Lebanon unfolded in two stages from September 1982 to June1985; and from June 1985 to the end of the decade. During the first stage theLebanese problem became a regional issue; so Arab -Israeli coflict was in factsuspended. The new Israeli government in 1985 led by Labor party was supportedby US in its neghotiations with Jordan.In the same time PLO started taking astand in Jordan so the negotiations failed After this ;Intifada started becauseof the fact that PLO’ headquarter had to move from Lebanon these peoplemobilized the Wests Bankers and Gazzans. Syrian- Israeli was a bit reduced;butSyria still had the Soviet support.Till the end of 1980’s relations continuedwith an expecation of a new war.

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While the digital realm offers immense convenience for communication and transactions, it also presents formidable challenges in terms of ensuring security, legitimacy, and the preservation of data integrity. For instance, how can one be confident that an email truly emanated from the claimed sender? How can we ascertain that a document remains unaltered after its digital signature has been affixed? The digital sign online offer a compelling solution to these quandaries by harnessing the power of cryptography to validate identities and guarantee the unaltered state of digital content. In this article, we will delve into the primary advantages of digital signatures and elucidate how they serve to safeguard security, confirm authenticity, and establish non-repudiation in the realm of digital communications and online transactions. A signature’s fundamental purpose lies in confirming the identity of the person endorsing a document. When dealing with physical signatures on paper, the uniqueness of handwriting typically serves as a basis for identifying the signatory. However, the digital arena is fraught with the potential for identity impersonation and undetected document alterations. Digital signatures effectively address this predicament by employing the principles of public-key cryptography. Each user in the world of public-key cryptography has a public key that may be freely shared as well as a private key that is known only to them. A cryptographic hash of the information is encrypted using the user’s private key when they digitally sign a document. The signature may then be verified by anybody by decrypting it with the public key and contrasting the output to a brand-new cryptographic hash of the received document. If the hashes match, it is indisputable evidence that the signature belonged to the owner of the private key and that the document hasn’t been changed after it was signed. This system guarantees reliable online identity authentication. Ensuring Document Integrity In addition to verifying identity, digital signatures also ensure the integrity of signed documents. With a physical signature on paper, any alterations made to the document after signing would result in an obviously different signature. However, digitally signed documents could potentially be altered without invalidating the signature if not for additional cryptographic protections. Digital signatures solve this issue through the use of cryptographic hashing. As mentioned earlier, when digitally signing a document the signer encrypts a hash of the document contents with their private key. Any change, even just a single character, made to the document after signing would result in a completely different hash value. When verifying the signature, if the decrypted hash value does not match a fresh hash of the received document, it proves the document has been altered since signing. This allows recipients to be confident a digitally signed document has not been tampered with. Digital signatures also offer non-repudiation, which makes it possible to confirm the validity of the signature and hold the signer responsible. A physical signature gives the signer the option to subsequently assert that they did not, in fact, sign or that their signature was fake. Repudiation is substantially more difficult with digital signatures since they require cryptographic proofs. When digitally signing a document, the signer’s private key is used to encrypt the hash. Only they possess the private key, so the resulting signature can only have come from them. Later if the signature is verified using their public key, it proves unambiguously that they signed it. The signer cannot plausibly deny or repudiate the signature at a later point in time. This provides a high level of accountability and ensures the signer cannot simply deny or disclaim responsibility for signed documents or transactions. Non-repudiation is important for many legal and financial applications of digital signatures. Enabling Secure Remote Transactions Digital signatures are widely used, for example, to enable secure distant transactions without the need for handwritten signatures or in-person verification. For instance, in the past, signing contracts, making significant purchases, or other legally binding agreements required that all parties be present and sign actual copies of the documents simultaneously. Even when the participants are on separate continents or in different countries, agreements and transactions may be safely “signed” using digital signatures. Digital signatures may be used to sign and share documents online, offering the same degree of verification as having all parties sign the same physical copy side by side. By removing geographic restrictions, this remote signature capability has revolutionized sectors including real estate, legal services, and internet commerce.It has also been crucial during the epidemic since it has maintained commercial and legal operations in spite of travel and meeting limitations. Compliance with Regulations Digital signatures have been recognized to be at par with handwritten signatures under the Information Technology Act, 2000. This gave digital signatures the same legal standing as physical signatures, providing them validity in court. The act also approved certain certification authorities to issue digital signature certificates. These certificates ensure the security and evidentiary requirements are fulfilled to verify the identity of the signer and confirm the document’s integrity. Certain types of documents in India now require mandatory digital signing. For example, income tax returns can only be filed using an digital signature issued by an approved certification authority. Government ministries and departments have also implemented digital signature requirements for official documents and records. This clear legal sanctioning of digital signatures in India enables their trusted use for critical applications. It allows both individuals and enterprises to sign documents digitally with full confidence in their validity, especially in legal and financial matters. The regulations also future-proof digitally signed records, ensuring they remain lawfully binding even as technology and standards progress over time. Digital signatures provide strong authentication of identity, integrity of signed documents, and non-repudiation of signatures through robust cryptography. They have transformed secure online communications and transactions by removing obstacles of distance and asynchronicity. As reliance on digital information and remote interactions continues to grow in the modern world, digital signatures will remain essential for verifying identities, preserving integrity, and enabling legally-binding digital agreements with confidence by reducing uncertainties around security, authenticity, and accountability. Furthermore, regulatory recognition of digital signatures ensures their validity now and in the future as laws and standards evolve with technological progress. Overall, digital signatures effectively address core challenges of the digital realm through innovative cryptography.

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The reconstruction of the face of a mummy believed to be that of a young prince from the family of King Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamun, represents a captivating journey into the realms of Egyptology and forensic science. Through meticulous examination of the mummy’s remains, coupled with advancements in technology and expertise in facial reconstruction, researchers have endeavored to breathe life into the ancient past. By carefully analyzing the skeletal structure, cranial features, and other anatomical markers, forensic specialists have painstakingly pieced together the facial characteristics of the young prince. Drawing upon historical records, including depictions in ancient artworks and inscriptions, as well as comparative studies with other members of the royal family, researchers have sought to ensure accuracy and authenticity in the reconstruction process. The result is a striking portrayal of the young prince, offering a glimpse into the visage of a member of one of ancient Egypt’s most illustrious dynasties. This reconstruction not only sheds light on the physical appearance of individuals from antiquity but also contributes to our understanding of their lineage, culture, and society. As we follow the history of Egyptology, each new discovery and technological advancement brings us closer to unraveling the mysteries of ancient Egypt and connecting with its remarkable legacy. Through the art of facial reconstruction, we bridge the gap between past and present, allowing these ancient individuals to once again take their place in the annals of history.

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Story of A Marriage A book full of victory and sadness. One point of personal sadness is that this book was first published in 1953, yet I never saw it until this year with my Kindle Unlimited membership! With documentation, the author weaves a beautiful story of a marriage. Mary and Abraham Lincoln were matched in the variety of ways which contribute to the togetherness that should be marriage. They stood ready to defend one another, had their ‘inside’ jokes and shared visions for family and future. Their faith in God was derided and challenged, yet stayed firm. Even today, over one hundred years later, their faith is discussed, dissected and challenged. That faith inspired me all through the book. From Different Worlds Certainly, the specifics of their upbringing may differ. Abe Lincoln was reared by the rough pioneer lifestyle common among folks of his age. These people had intellect or they wouldn’t have survived the rough conditions that come with breaking into new country. They shouldn’t be considered impoverished because they had few THINGS. The desire for culture that Mary found in Lincoln wasn’t a new dna wrinkle with that one man; somewhere in his roots lay the beginnings. The Lincoln family didn’t own slaves — they didn’t own much of anything, but the experience of being very poor and made to feel ‘lower’, may have influenced Lincoln’s opinions and choices when he was grown. The author documents a sensitive and sympathetic man who would have been repulsed by slavery. Mary’s home life was pretty grand compared to Mr. Lincoln’s. (In an aside, according to the author’s research, she never called him Abe, but most usually, Mr. Lincoln. This would have been common and appropriate among genteel ladies of her era) The Todd family did own slaves in Kentucky, but Mary’s grandfather supported gradual emancipation of the slaves before any freedom was a popular opinion. The black people who took care of Mary and her siblings had a certain amount of tyrannical power over the children, even though they were officially slaves. The author documents Mary’s sympathetic opinion for good treatment of the slaves. Later, she was extremely supportive of her husband’s proclamation to free slaves. Sadly, her political and social enemies spread rumors that surely a daughter of the south would be pro-slavery and pro-secession. Standing by their families Despite the differences on their background, along with the objections of family due to these differences, Abraham and Mary found attraction and devotion to one another in their similar interests, intellects and core values. When Mary’s family was inclined to hold grudges about the war, both Abraham and Mary embraced the offended ones in their grief. They shared the grief of family members killed during the war and bore no grudges back when family lashed out. When Abraham’s family had needs, both were inclined to do what they could to keep his parents (including step-mother) comfortable. After Abraham’s death, Mary still sent support to his step-mother. Marriage Takes Two They maintained familial tenderness in their address of one another after their children were born. He called her Mother and she called him Father. They were absolutely supportive of one another when their children died young. This supportive behavior often left each almost alone because they didn’t support themselves. They equally adored and indulged their children with their TIME as well as whatever tangibles they were able to provide. There were detractors among their colleagues and family who disagreed with the devotion that Mary and Abraham had toward these children. The Lincolns had many problems to face in their marriage. Their devotion to one another kept them on the same side despite family resistance, grief and stress of the presidency. They bore the burden of 19th century household logistics along with everyone else! 19th Century was harsh living The author writes eloquently and with detail about the actual family life lived by Mary and Abraham Lincoln as he occupied the highest office in the land. The physical crudeness of the affluent American home during these times was shocking. We are, today, pressed to sanitize and wash and even radiate to protect and promote cleanliness and health. Yet, typhoid and small pox seemed to be EXPECTED even in the White House. Personal Political Cruelty Perhaps I couldn’t have born the sadness earlier as I read of political cruelty of the 19th Century. Without the benefit of social media, political competition and vile personal haters fed their poisoned opinions and tales to gossips to hurt and attempt to destroy. Maligners attacked Mary Lincoln to her face. They snubbed her as being countrified without checking the facts of her genteel upbringing. No doubt that ladylike experience didn’t expose her to much of the metropolitan lifestyle. Her midwestern (western still in the 1800’s) lifestyle was moral, well-fed and amply dressed, yet there were small things that her ‘big city’ contacts lived every day that were new to her. Further, the critics took advantage of her naivete, sensitive, ‘high strung’ personality to set her off in defense of her husband and her culture. While they couldn’t crush her husband with their criticism, they did manage to over-stress Mary and use her to make more trouble. The Non-historian who lied I was aghast at the blind acceptance of one man’s word on Lincoln’s spiritual beliefs. The accepting rabble and upper crust had as much access to Lincoln’s spoken expression as they did to the man who was considered his friend and colleague. But as continues to this day, the truth if often much less stimulating than the lie. This book made my heart hurt for this family, so significant in our history. Today, we deal with social media and think it is often cruel. I can’t imagine the loneliness the Lincoln’s experienced to be rejected and have a very small ‘tribe’ compared to the tribe we can have through internet connection today. If you thought you knew Abraham Lincoln’s wife, you must read Mary Lincoln, A Biography of a Marriage

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2024-04-13T18:53:21Z

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Why we celebrate Global Diversity Month This October, celebrate Global Diversity Awareness Month and pay tribute to the diverse minds and beliefs held by all cultures around the world. We live in a multicultural society and embracing the values of various cultures only strengthens our understanding and appreciation of the world. Open your mind to new views and ideas, appreciate cultural differences, and enjoy a fresh perspective you may have been missing. It helps you become a true citizen of the world. Other notable celebrations in the month of October include… - National Coffee day, October 1st - Mental health Awareness week, October 7th - Indigenous Peoples Day, October 11th - National Breast Cancer Awareness, October 25 Why Self-Care matters: September is National Self-Care Awareness Month! A whole month dedicated to the opportunity to spreading information about the philosophy of self-awareness, the conscious experience of one’s personality or individuality. Being self aware means recognizing your consciousness or person’s awareness of their environment, body, and lifestyle. We want to challenge you to commit to tracking your self-care this month. Put yourself on the top of your To-do list and try your best to do at least one thing each day to help you feel cared for. Other notable celebrations this month include… - Labor Day - 9/11 Remembrance Day - First Day of Fall - National Grandparents Day Happy August! August is National Immunization Awareness Month (NIAM). After living through a global pandemic, it is essential to remember the importance of yearly immunizations. This month highlights the importance of routine vaccination for people of all ages. Immunization currently prevents 3.5-5 million deaths yearly from diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza and measles. Other notable celebrations in the month of August include… - Back to School Month - American Artists Appreciation Month - Family Fun Month - Purple Heart Day - The Perseid Meteor Shower “August was first called Sextillia – the Roman word for “sixth”, as it was the sixth month of the Roman year. It was later changed to August by the Emperor Augustus, named a

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2024-04-13T18:55:10Z

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en

Chartreux cats are a unique and fascinating breed known for their distinct blue-grey coat and yellow-orange eyes. However, their behavior and characteristics are just as fascinating as their appearance. As a proud owner of a Chartreux cat, you might wonder whether they have territorial instincts and how it affects their behavior. Chartreux cats are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and independent nature. They are generally affectionate with their owners and make great companions, often following you around the house and getting involved in whatever you’re doing. However, their territorial instincts can make them less welcoming to outsiders, including other cats and even your house guests. In this section, we will explore the unique behaviors and characteristics of the Chartreux cat breed, including their territorial instincts and behaviors. By understanding their behavior, you can better manage their territorial instincts, create a more harmonious environment at home, and deepen your bond with your feline friend. - Chartreux cats are intelligent, loyal, and independent. - They have territorial instincts that can make them less welcoming to outsiders. - Understanding their behavior is crucial to managing their territorial instincts. - By managing their behavior, you can create a harmonious environment at home. - Training and socialization can help alleviate territorial behavior. Understanding Territorial Instincts in Chartreux Cats As a Chartreux cat owner, it’s important to understand your pet’s territorial instincts, as it is an inherent behavioral trait of their breed. These instincts can manifest in various ways, including territorial marking, defensive behavior, and even aggression towards other cats or humans. Chartreux cats have a strong need to protect and mark their territory. This behavior stems from their natural instinct to survive in the wild, where they must defend their territory from other predators and claim their own resources. Chartreux cats’ territorial instincts can be seen in their behavior towards other cats. They may display aggressive behavior towards other felines that they perceive as a threat to their territory. This behavior can range from hissing and growling to physical attacks. Similarly, Chartreux cats may exhibit territorial aggression towards humans, especially if they feel their personal space is being invaded. This behavior can include biting, scratching, or vocalizing in an aggressive manner. Understanding Territorial Instincts in Chartreux Cats: Key Points - Chartreux cats have a natural instinct to protect and mark their territory. - These instincts stem from their need to survive in the wild by defending their resources and territory. - Chartreux cats may exhibit territorial aggression towards other cats or humans. - This behavior can manifest through hissing, growling, physical attacks, biting, scratching, or vocalizing. It’s important to note that these territorial instincts are not always negative. In fact, they can be a sign of a cat’s confidence and self-assuredness. However, if your Chartreux cat’s territorial behavior becomes problematic or aggressive, it’s important to take action to manage and modify their behavior. Stay tuned for the next section, where we will discuss how to understand and manage territorial marking and communication in Chartreux cats. Territorial Marking and Communication Chartreux cats are instinctively territorial, and they use various methods to mark and communicate their boundaries. One of the most common ways Chartreux cats mark their territory is through scent marking. They have scent glands on their cheeks and paws, which they use to leave their scent on objects and surfaces in their territory. This marking helps to establish their boundaries and warn other cats to stay away. Chartreux cats also use other methods to mark their territory, including scratching and urine marking. Scratching allows them to visually mark their territory and also helps them stretch their muscles. Urine marking, on the other hand, is a more aggressive form of territorial marking. Chartreux cats may use it to mark their territory more strongly or to express their dominance over other cats. Defending their territory is also an instinctive behavior of Chartreux cats. They may become aggressive towards other cats or even humans who they perceive as a threat to their territory. This behavior is a result of their natural instinct to protect their space and belongings. Communication is another important aspect of Chartreux cats’ territorial behavior. They communicate through a range of different signals, including body language, vocalization, and marking. Chartreux cats may put their ears back, puff out their tail, and hiss when they feel territorial. These signals warn other cats to stay away, and can also indicate that the Chartreux is feeling threatened or intimidated. To prevent excessive territorial marking, it’s important to provide your Chartreux cat with designated scratching posts and toys that they can use to mark their territory. It’s also important to clean up any urine or scratch marks promptly, as leaving them can encourage further marking. Territorial Behavior towards Other Cats and Humans Chartreux cats are known to exhibit territorial aggression towards other cats, including those within their own household. This behavior can be seen as hissing, growling, or even physical altercations. In some cases, Chartreux cats may also display territorial aggression towards humans. This can occur when someone enters their perceived territory, such as a new visitor to the home. Additionally, territorial disputes can arise in multi-pet households, leading to tension and conflict. In these situations, it is important to carefully introduce new pets and establish clear boundaries to avoid territorial disputes. Dealing with Territorial Aggression If your Chartreux cat displays territorial aggression, it is essential to address the behavior to promote a safe and peaceful home environment. Here are some strategies for managing territorial aggression: - Provide separate resources: Ensure that each pet has its own food, water, litter box, and bedding to avoid competition and territorial disputes. - Supervise interactions: Monitor interactions between cats and intervene if any aggression occurs. - Use pheromone products: Consider using pheromone products, such as sprays or diffusers, to promote a sense of calm and reduce territorial behavior. - Consult with a vet: If the behavior persists, consult with a vet to rule out any underlying medical issues that may be causing the aggression. Managing Territorial Disputes in Multi-Pet Households When introducing new pets to the household, take it slow and give them time to adjust to each other’s presence. Here are some tips for managing territorial disputes in multi-pet households: - Use separate rooms: Initially, keep the pets separated and gradually introduce them to each other in a controlled setting. - Provide plenty of resources: Ensure that each pet has its own food, water, litter box, and bedding to avoid competition and territorial disputes. - Give attention and affection: Show each pet attention and affection to prevent jealousy and establish positive associations with each other. - Seek professional help: If the behavior persists, consider seeking professional help from a veterinarian or animal behaviorist. Managing Territorial Behavior in the Home As Chartreux cats have a strong instinct to protect and mark their territory, managing their territorial behavior in the home is crucial for ensuring a harmonious environment. Here are some practical strategies to help you establish boundaries, prevent marking, and modify territorial behavior. Establishing Territorial Boundaries Establishing territorial boundaries is the first step in managing your Chartreux cat’s territorial behavior. You can do this by providing them with their own space and resources, such as a designated feeding area and scratching post. This will help prevent territorial disputes and reduce their need to mark their territory. You should also establish boundaries for visitors and strangers. Consider keeping your Chartreux cat in a separate room when you have visitors to avoid territorial behavior towards them. Preventing Territorial Marking Chartreux cats use various methods to mark their territory, including urine marking and scratching. To prevent marking, ensure that your cat is spayed or neutered, as this can reduce their urge to mark. You can also try using pheromone sprays or diffusers to calm their territorial instincts. If your Chartreux cat is already marking, clean any affected areas thoroughly with enzymatic cleaners to remove the scent. This will help prevent them from marking the same area again. Modifying Territorial Behavior If your Chartreux cat’s territorial behavior is causing issues, there are several techniques you can use to modify their behavior. Positive reinforcement training can be effective in teaching your cat new behaviors and rewarding good behavior. You can also try providing environmental enrichment, such as toys and interactive games, to reduce their need to mark their territory. If these techniques are not effective, consult with your veterinarian or a professional animal behaviorist for additional guidance. With the right management techniques, you can ensure a peaceful and happy home for both you and your Chartreux cat. By establishing boundaries, preventing marking, and modifying territorial behavior, you can help your cat feel secure and reduce their need to protect their territory. Territorial Instincts and Socialization Chartreux cats have strong territorial instincts that can manifest as aggressive behavior towards other cats, humans, and even inanimate objects in their environment. Socialization and training are crucial in managing and modifying these instincts. When it comes to socialization, the earlier you start, the better. Introduce your Chartreux kitten to a variety of people, animals, and environments from a young age. This will help them adapt to new situations and reduce their anxiety. Training your Chartreux cat is also essential in managing their territorial behavior. Positive reinforcement techniques, such as offering treats and praise for good behavior, can be effective in modifying their behavior. Avoid punishment-based techniques, as they can make your cat more anxious and aggressive. Environmental enrichment is another important factor in managing territorial behavior in Chartreux cats. Provide scratching posts and other toys to encourage appropriate marking and play behavior. Ensure your cat has access to a safe and secure space, such as a cat tree or a designated room, where they can retreat when feeling threatened or overwhelmed. If your Chartreux cat is exhibiting territorial behavior that is causing issues in your home, consider consulting with a veterinarian or animal behaviorist. They can provide additional strategies and techniques to manage your cat’s behavior and anxiety. Chartreux cats are known for their strong protective instincts towards their owners. While this behavior can be endearing, it can also be problematic if it becomes territorial aggression towards visitors or other pets in the household. To manage protective behavior, provide your Chartreux cat with plenty of socialization and positive reinforcement training. Teach them appropriate behavior around visitors and other pets, such as sitting calmly and accepting treats. You may also consider providing your cat with a designated safe space, such as a crate or a specific room, where they can retreat when feeling anxious or overwhelmed. Overall, managing territorial instincts in Chartreux cats requires a combination of socialization, training, and environmental enrichment. By understanding your cat’s behavior and providing appropriate management techniques, you can create a peaceful and harmonious home for both you and your feline companion. Outdoor Roaming and Indoor Confinement Chartreux cats are renowned for their love of the great outdoors. But if you live in an urban area or are concerned about your Chartreux’s safety, indoor confinement may be the best option. However, as territorial creatures, Chartreux cats may struggle to adapt to indoor living, leading to anxiety, stress, and other undesirable behaviors. When it comes to outdoor roaming, be sure to establish clear boundaries for your Chartreux cat. Fences, enclosures, and outdoor structures can provide safe spaces for your cat to explore without straying too far from home. If you choose indoor confinement, provide ample environmental enrichment to keep your Chartreux cat happy and engaged. Scratching posts, climbing trees, and interactive toys can all help alleviate territorial instincts and anxiety. Chartreux Cat Territory Boundaries and Conflicts Chartreux cats are highly territorial creatures, and conflicts can arise when multiple cats are present in the same household. To prevent territorial disputes, it’s essential to create clearly defined boundaries for each cat, both indoors and outdoors. If conflicts do occur, separate the cats and gradually reintroduce them using scent swapping and other bonding techniques. Keeping the cats’ spaces separate can also help alleviate territorial aggression. With a bit of planning and effort, you can manage your Chartreux cat’s territorial instincts and provide a happy and harmonious home environment, both indoors and out. As a Chartreux cat owner, understanding your cat’s territorial behavior is crucial for creating a happy and harmonious home environment. By implementing practical strategies, you can manage your cat’s territorial behavior and avoid potential conflicts with other pets and humans. Remember that Chartreux cats have a natural instinct to protect and mark their territory. However, with socialization, training, and environmental enrichment, you can help alleviate their territorial behavior. Providing scratching posts and other toys can also help satisfy their territorial instincts and prevent destructive behavior. If you live in a multi-cat household, ensure each cat has its own space and resources, such as food and litter boxes. This can help reduce territorial conflicts and promote a more peaceful coexistence. When dealing with visitors or strangers, establish clear boundaries for your cat and provide a safe and quiet space for them to retreat to if needed. With patience and consistency, you can modify their territorial behavior and reduce their anxiety levels. Finally, whether you choose to allow your Chartreux cat to roam outdoors or keep them confined indoors, be mindful of their territorial instincts and ensure they have a safe and secure environment. Do Chartreux Cats Display Both Territorial and Affectionate Behaviors? Are Chartreux cats territorial? Yes, Chartreux cats have territorial instincts. What are the territorial instincts of Chartreux cats? Chartreux cats have a natural instinct to protect and mark their territory. How do Chartreux cats mark and communicate their territory? Chartreux cats use various methods such as scent marking and body language to mark and communicate their territory. Can Chartreux cats show territorial aggression towards other cats and humans? Yes, Chartreux cats can display territorial aggression towards other cats and even humans. How can I manage territorial behavior in Chartreux cats at home? Strategies for managing territorial behavior in Chartreux cats include establishing boundaries, dealing with visitors and strangers, preventing marking, and modifying territorial behavior. Socialization and training play a crucial role in managing territorial instincts in Chartreux cats. They can help alleviate territorial behavior and anxiety. What is the impact of outdoor roaming and indoor confinement on Chartreux cats’ territorial instincts? Outdoor roaming and indoor confinement can influence Chartreux cats’ territorial instincts. Managing territorial conflicts in multi-cat households is important. Can Chartreux cats’ territorial instincts be managed? Yes, by understanding their behavior and implementing appropriate management techniques, owners can create a harmonious environment for their Chartreux companions. Article by Barbara Read Barbara Read is the heart and soul behind CatBeep.com. From her early love for cats to her current trio of feline companions, Barbara's experiences shape her site's tales and tips. While not a vet, her work with shelters offers a unique perspective on cat care and adoption.

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At night the river looked deeper than ever as the woman rowed across it with her three small children. That was dangerous enough but they were being pursued. They were being shot at. They were fleeing for their lives. The Civil War had just begun. The woman and her children were slaves. They had fled Missouri and were crossing over into the Northern state of Illinois, and to freedom. That night, the woman evaded her pursuers. When she landed on the northern bank of the river she pulled her children to their knees and prayed: ‘Now, you are free; never forget the goodness of the Lord‘. And, with that, one of her children, Augustine Tolton, later to become the first African-American to be ordained priest, was ‘freed’. Augustine Tolton was born 1 April, 1854. His parents were slaves, so he too became one. His parents were Catholics, so he too was baptised into his parents’ Holy Faith. His father, Peter, was an honest and good man well liked by his slave owner for whom he worked hard. Seven years after Augustine, or Gus as he was known, was born, war broke out between the States. Peter talked to his wife, Martha, of his desire to escape and enlist in the Union army. As he did so he gazed at the three children sleeping and began to talk of his hopes for their future, one in which they would be free. The Toltons’ Catholic faith was deeply held and urged them on to action. Martha readily agreed that her husband must go – and that some day they would all be together again, and free. They embraced. With one last look at his children, Peter headed out into the night, to the North, and to war. The couple were never to see each other again; the children were never again to play with their father. He lies in an unmarked grave near the scene of a battle, having fought and died that his children would one day be free. Racial prejudice was not confined to the South. When, finally, the Tolton family arrived in the Illinois town of Quincy, they were to live in a segregated neighbourhood. Nevertheless, Mrs Tolton soon found work and, thereafter, supported her children as best she could. Before anything else, however, the nearest Catholic Church, St. Peter’s, was identified and the family started to worship there. But, racial prejudice was also found there. Northern congregations resented the recent influx of blacks from the South. The Parish Priest was an Irishman, Brian McGirr, and he was having none of it. He knew that there was a simmering resentment in his congregation. He tackled it head on with sermons reminding all listening that as children of God there was but one Father and whatever you do to the least you do to Him. Gus grew up quickly. A bright and intelligent boy, with a good heart, aged nine, he was helping support his family by working at a local tobacco factory. His employers liked him; he worked hard and was reliable. The future for the Tolton family began to become clearer when the Civil War finally ended with victory for the North and an end to slavery throughout the United States. Gus was not insensitive to what that ‘victory’ actually meant to many of the freed slaves whom he lived alongside, including his own family: servile work for some, lives of poverty for most. Just as with his father before him, Gus was an idealist. His idealism was not political though; it was religious. He loved his Catholic faith. The Tolton family had remained regular worshippers at St. Peter’s. Gus participated as much as he could in parish activities: learning to serve Holy Mass, and then going on to be a lay catechist. His human virtues and obvious piety did not go unremarked by the redoubtable Fr. McGirr. One day the Parish Priest saw Gus praying alone in church. That was not an unusual sight; however, that day there was a change. As he looked at the face of the young man he noticed something…Later he asked Gus what he had been praying about. The young man looked embarrassed. For some time previously Fr. McGirr had wanted to ask him a question. That day he did. It shocked Gus because it was on that very subject he had been praying namely, a possible vocation to the priesthood. Fr. McGirr was keen to progress this proposition. Gus was delighted; for, with all his heart, he wanted to be a priest; it was a sense that had been growing for some years. The formality of applying to a seminary proved, however, more complicated for the young recently freed slave, especially as there had never been a man of his race at any seminary in America. In reply to his letters, excuses were made as to why he could not be accommodated. Religious orders were also tried, but to no avail. So Gus was left to continue working at the cigar factory. For years he persevered; eventually promoted by his employers, it proved a small consolation. Still, he went to Holy Mass as often as he could; he prayed daily. He waited. During this period, only his mother and Fr. McGirr knew the frustration and sadness that clung to the outwardly smiling Gus Tolton. He refused to be discouraged or to blame anyone. He knew the human heart was weak; he knew too that the Church was unimpeachable in its treatment of all as brothers and sisters in Christ but that she was made up of sinners, and so human frailty was never far away. He continued to pray, to give classes to his fellow parishioners, to wait, and to hope. He never was to study at a seminary in the United States. After many years he was eventually accepted at a Pontifical university in Rome. On 21 February 1880, Gus left America bound for Europe, destined to be a missionary in Africa. He loved his time in the Eternal City. His fellow students loved him too, and his professors held him in high regard. For the first time in his life he lived in an environment free from racial discrimination. He thrived. He was an apt scholar. Having picked up German in Quincy, he was to leave Europe with French and Italian mastered, to say nothing of Latin. During these relatively carefree years, the only question was where he would be posted. In the end, to his surprise, he was sent back to where he had come from. The authorities in Rome could see no reason why he could not minister to his co-religionists there, not least those of his own race. In July 1886, Fr. Tolton’s homecoming caused a stir. At Quincy station there was a large and noisy crowd to welcome him. Both black and white, Catholic and non-Catholic came to see the young man who had left a much-loved friend and fellow worker and who now returned in a black soutane with a red sash. That day, however, there was one who stood apart from the crowd and quietly watched with tears in her eyes as her son returned to her a priest. He was always conscious that his vocation was as a result of his mother’s example and the Christian home she had provided for him, in spite of everything. In hindsight, however, looking at that day’s generous welcome from all quarters, it was bitter sweet. One could even say it was Fr. Tolton’s Palm Sunday. Despite his open and generous manner, his learning and piety, his hard work and dedication, and above all his priestly heart and its desire for souls, he was to be defamed, insulted and ultimately rejected. Not least by a fellow priest, part inspired by jealousy and part by racial prejudice, that, in the end, caused the young priest’s removal. Just over three years after his triumphal return, Fr. Augustine Tolton was alone on a night train in a segregated carriage heading to Chicago where he had been assigned to care for that city’s growing black population. Trusting all to Providence, the same fervour and energy that Fr. Tolton had brought to Quincy was now loosed upon a poor district of Chicago’s south side. With his bishop’s approval, the young priest set about raising funds for a church. Funds were raised and the basis of a great and beautiful church, St. Monica’s, dedicated to the service of the city’s black population was started. He was more than a fundraiser though. He was first and foremost a priest. His congregation was largely poor, ill-educated ex-slaves, with all the resultant ills of depression and violence attending those who, for varying reasons, had given up on life. The young priest worked tirelessly to minister to them, reminding them of the one thing no human power could remove or tarnish: their Catholic Faith. A visiting priest met Fr. Tolton at this time and stayed with him and his mother – who by then also had come to be live in Chicago as her son’s housekeeper. Unlike the city’s richer parishes, Fr. Tolton lived in reduced circumstances. Nevertheless, the visiting priest found a hearty welcome. He also found a cultured and holy priest, one who complained of nothing and prayed for everything. At the end of the evening, when dinner had finished, the visitor observed how the younger priest took a set of Rosary beads hanging from a nail on a wall nearby and, with his mother beside him, knelt on the stone floor to recite that ancient prayer – just as they always had done, not least when they had arrived frightened and anxious having fled slavery those years previously. Unexpectedly, when aged only 43, having at last been able to attend a retreat for priests, on returning by train, Fr. Tolton felt unwell. Just outside the train station he had been seen to stumble and then collapse on the city street. As an ambulance was called, a crowd gathered around the unusual sight of a black man dressed in a faded cassock. He was taken to a nearby hospital. Around his bedside were the hospital chaplain who had administered the Last Rites, some nuns praying, and his mother. On 9 July 1897, he died as a priest should – worn out in the care of his flock. Fr. Tolton had asked to be buried in Quincy. His body was returned there and interred in a simple grave by St. Peter’s Church. It was the same church where he had served Mass and given catechism classes after he had finished his work at the local factory. Some were surprised that he had chosen to be buried in the town that had shunned him. Perhaps they had forgotten that it was there, decades earlier, that a frightened black woman had come with her three small children having fled slavery to find freedom, and where a hope for a better future was born for her and her children. Laid to rest on that July day in 1897, and having entered into the mysterious freedom of the Children of God where there is neither Greek nor Jew, neither freed nor slave … Fr. Augustine Tolton was now, at last, truly free. By all accounts, his mother, having continued to work as a priest’s housekeeper died an equally holy death in 1911. St. Monica’s, the church for which her son had expended so much energy and time, was abandoned in 1924 and later raised to the ground. The Faith is more than bricks and mortar, however, and, in 2011, after an initial investigation at the behest of the Archdiocese of Chicago, Fr. Augustine Tolton was declared: Servant of God. The ‘stone’ rejected had become a ‘living stone’, one upon which now future generations would build. From Slave to Priest: The Inspirational Story of Father Augustine Tolton by Caroline Hemesath S.S.F. (Ignatius Press) is available from Amazon and Ignatius Press. image: Fr. Tolton portrait, courtesy of the Archdiocese of Chicago’s Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Archives and Records Center. Used with permission.

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The Future of Work is Bright The future of work is bright. Technology is changing the way we work, and it’s creating new opportunities for innovation and productivity. 10 Ways Technology is Changing the Workplace - Remote work is becoming more common. In the past, people had to go to work in an office every day. But now, thanks to technology, they can work from anywhere they have an internet connection. This has made it possible for people to have more flexible work schedules and to live in more places. - Collaboration tools are making it easier to work together. In the past, people had to meet in person to collaborate on projects. But now, there are a variety of tools that make it possible to work together online. These tools include video conferencing, shared documents, and project management software. - Artificial intelligence is automating tasks. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to automate tasks that were once done by humans. This is freeing up workers to focus on more creative and strategic tasks. - Machine learning is helping businesses make better decisions. Machine learning is a type of AI that can learn from data and make predictions. This is helping businesses make better decisions about everything from marketing to product development. - Virtual reality and augmented reality are creating new ways to learn and work. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are immersive technologies that are changing the way we learn and work. VR can be used to create realistic simulations of real-world environments, while AR can be used to overlay digital information on top of the real world. - 5G is making it possible for businesses to be more connected. 5G is the next generation of wireless technology. It’s much faster than 4G, and it has a lower latency. This means that businesses can be more connected and that they can transfer data more quickly. - The Internet of Things is connecting devices to the internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices that are connected to the internet. These devices can collect and exchange data, and they can be used to automate tasks. - Blockchain is creating a new way to trust and verify information. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can be used to create a tamper-proof record of transactions. This is making it possible to create new ways to trust and verify information. - 3D printing is making it possible to create products faster and cheaper. 3D printing is a technology that can be used to create objects from a digital file. This is making it possible to create products faster and cheaper than traditional manufacturing methods. These are just a few of the ways that technology is changing the workplace. As technology continues to evolve, the workplace will continue to change in new and exciting ways. The New England Institute of Technology NEIT hosted students from 24 local schools for the 18th FIRST For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology Tech Challenge on SaturdayYuan Longping HighTech Agriculture Co Ltd engages in the process and sale of agricultural byproducts Its business activities include cultivating reproducing popularizing and marketing of Clinton appeals to hightech entrepreneurs and picks up Cali campaign to increase research and development create a stronger work force in science engineering technology and math and in addition to high salaries and bonuses For years tech companies used these benefits to keep employees from going to work in industries like finance The senior tech worker said he consistently Executive Editor David Carnoy has been a leading member of CNETs Reviews team since 2000 He covers the gamut of gadgets and is a notable reviewer of mobile accessories and portable audio Regardless of where youre headed our team of consumer tech experts have compiled this to enjoy audio without distractions AirPods Pro work great on an airplane to help drown out engine We work too fast and burn out Whatever the particular issue tech can help us find a pace that works best for us Thats why its helpful to choose technologiesand strategies for David reviews TVs and leads the Personal Tech team at CNET covering mobile software computing streaming and home entertainment We provide helpful expert reviews advice and videos on what Jan 18 2023 Texas Tech 68 Texas 64 Techs most recent victory in the series BreAmber Scott scored a seasonhigh 28 points to help hold off No 25 UTGreen Tech High Charter School is a charter school located in Albany NY which is in a small city setting The student population of Green Tech High Charter School is 413 and the school serves 612 Middletail Innovations are Transforming the Workplace Middletail innovations are transforming the workplace. These innovations are designed to improve the way we work, make us more productive, and help us connect with our colleagues. 10 Middletail Innovations That are Transforming the Workplace - Smartphones. Smartphones have become an essential part of our work lives. We use them to stay connected with our colleagues, access information, and complete tasks. - Laptops. Laptops are another essential tool for many workers. They allow us to work from anywhere, and they give us the power to do our jobs on the go. - Tablets. Tablets are becoming increasingly popular for work-related tasks. They’re lightweight and portable, and they make it easy to stay connected and productive. - Virtual reality headsets. Virtual reality headsets are still in their early stages, but they have the potential to revolutionize the way we work. VR headsets can be used to create immersive training experiences, collaborate with colleagues in remote locations, and even explore new places. - Augmented reality glasses. Augmented reality glasses are another emerging technology that has the potential to change the way we work. AR glasses can be used to provide real-time information about our surroundings, translate languages, and even provide assistance with tasks. - Wearables. Wearables are a type of technology that can be worn on our bodies. They can track our activity, monitor our health, and even provide us with notifications. Wearables are becoming increasingly popular for work-related tasks, as they can help us stay organized and productive. - Smart home devices. Smart home devices can be used to automate tasks around the house, which can free up our time for more important things. Smart home devices can also be used to connect with our colleagues and stay up-to-date on the latest news. - Self-driving cars. Self-driving cars are still a few years away from becoming a reality, but they have the potential to revolutionize the way we commute to work

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With the trauma of Hurricane Dorian still lingering, Abaco and Grand Bahama residents braced for Hurricane Nicole as they experienced another unfair blow of climate injustice. As sea levels rose, triggering storm surges and flooding, the northwestern islands of The Bahamas were placed under hurricane watch. For many, this signaled that the fight for climate justice must continue. Some residents on those islands evacuated their homes and fled to shelters hours before Nicole made landfall in The Bahamas on Nov. 9 as a tropical storm and strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane with winds up to 75 miles per hour. “The wind was manageable. It wasn’t as bad as we thought. In our area we got maybe a limb or so that blew down. The power was out for a while, but thank God, we made it through it,” Abaco resident Mark Anthony Swain said. Although the impact of Hurricane Nicole was minimal when compared to Hurricane Dorian in 2019, climate change is the underlying cause of the intensity and frequency of hurricanes in recent years. When Nicole exited The Bahamas, the “all clear” was given, but the country isn’t clear from future hurricanes and the devastating effects of climate change. However, it’s clear that The Bahamas and other Small Island Developing States (SIDS) need climate justice because they are hit hardest by the impact of climate change, are the least responsible and together bear next to no responsibility for the climate crisis. While the Government of The Bahamas is fighting for climate justice, residents of Abaco and Grand Bahama are calling for more to be done to mitigate the impact of climate change. Swain, who also experienced Hurricane Dorian, said the countries that are major contributors of carbon emissions in the atmosphere should do more to assist smaller countries in fighting climate change, so when hurricanes and other natural disasters occur, the smaller countries will be able to maintain themselves. “I think these other countries that are contributing to the climate challenge that we are facing should be held responsible and accountable in that regard,” Swain added. China, the United States, Russia, India and Japan are the top five countries with the highest carbon emissions in the world. Grand Bahama resident Randy Deleveaux, who was on the island during Hurricane Nicole, agrees that more should be done concerning the climate crisis because The Bahamas is in a hurricane zone based on its geographical location. “We know that every year rain, sun or shine, it appears as if we are going to have a hurricane, whether it’s a major one or not a major one,” Deleveaux said. “As a matter of fact, even though the ones we consider not major, we still have to take more necessary precautions because Dorian taught us we can’t take nothing for granted.” Deleveaux suggested that the government should ensure that every household is equipped with storm shutters, floatation devices and life jackets. “There are so many things that the government can do and persons can do in relation to hurricanes because we always have to prepare,” he added. “Every time we have a hurricane coming, persons have to run and scrap for plywood to put on their windows. We need to move from that and be able to properly prepare. “Look at our coastal erosion and stuff like that because of the hurricanes. I remember one time you could go on the beaches and see sand, now some of these beaches don’t have no sand like that because of hurricanes and we’re not even looking at the impact that is having on our coastal and marine life. We don’t replace the sand. There is so much things we can do.” Loss and Damage But no matter how large or small a hurricane measures on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, there is always loss and damage associated with a storm. According to Prime Minister of The Bahamas Philip Davis, during the Caribbean Regional Heads of Government Meeting in Preparation for COP27, more than 50 percent of The Bahamas’ outstanding debt can be linked to the impacts of the hurricanes between 2015 and 2019. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in its damage and loss assessments (DaLA) synthesis, noted that The Bahamas has lost more than $4.2 billion over the past seven years as a result of Hurricanes Joaquin, Matthew, Irma and Dorian. Abaco and Grand Bahama are still rebuilding from Hurricane Dorian and, although minimal, the damages from Hurricane Nicole are being assessed. Prime Minister Davis was in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt attending COP27 when Hurricane Nicole passed through the northwestern Bahamas. At COP27, he called on world leaders to get real about ensuring that loss and damage are compensated for. “We do not have a significant carbon footprint in the world. Yes, we do have a significant carbon sink in the world. But yet still, after this hurricane has passed, who’s going to have to pay for the recovery, reconstruction and for normalizing the lives of my people?” Davis said in a video interview. Climate justice fights for solutions to the climate crisis that would result in reduced emissions and industrialized rich nations sharing the burden of the crisis by helping SIDS handle the severe effects of climate change. Swain lost his home during Hurricane Dorian and there are others who also lost their homes and some are still living in trailers in Abaco. Without insurance, Swain is rebuilding his home, but the progress is slow. He explained that the Disaster Reconstruction Authority and other NGOs promised to help him, but they haven’t delivered on their promises as yet. “We will, out of pocket, try to do some things to get us along,” Swain said. Hurricane Dorian caused a housing shortage in Abaco and the demand for a home is great. According to Swain, because of the demand and desperation to find a home, the rent in Abaco is skyrocketing. “You can find the average apartment, two bedroom, going for no less than $1,500. In some instances it’s over $2,000,” he said. After negotiations and hearing the pleas of SIDS, COP27 closed with the announcement of a loss and damage fund to compensate countries impacted by climate change. This is a huge step in the fight for climate justice. This story was originally published by Magnetic Media TV, with the support of the Caribbean Climate Justice Journalism Fellowship, which is a joint venture of Climate Tracker and Open Society Foundations.

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We’ve all heard about energy efficient appliances, and we may even have some at home. Now California wants to bring the concept to TVs, and it expects to save $1 billion by doing so. TVs have gotten a lot bigger in the last few years, and the bigger sets use a lot more electricity. LCD set makers welcome California’s initiative, but plasma TV makers oppose it. If California does set higher TV efficiency standards, makers likely will adopt it for the rest of the country soon. So you may want to hold off until next year to buy that dream large-screen TV set. Your electric bills and the environment both should benefit. Do global pandemics and global climate change affect each other? How? In my point of view, I can say it is affirmative that global pandemics and climate change can affect each other in many ways. Here is how they both affect each other. The degradation of the environment

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Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have sequenced the genome of the nearly indestructible tardigrade, the only animal known to survive the extreme environment of outer space, and found something they never expected: that they get a huge chunk of their genome – nearly one-sixth or 17.5 percent – from foreign DNA. “We had no idea that an animal genome could be composed of so much foreign DNA,” said co-author Bob Goldstein, faculty member in the biology department in UNC’s College of Arts and Sciences. “We knew many animals acquire foreign genes, but we had no idea that it happens to this degree.” The work, published in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, not only raises the question of whether there is a connection between foreign DNA and the ability to survive extreme environments, but further stretches conventional views of how DNA is inherited. First author Thomas Boothby, Goldstein and their collaborators revealed that tardigrades acquire about 6,000 foreign genes primarily from bacteria, but also from plants, fungi and Archaea, through a process called horizontal gene transfer – the swapping of genetic material between species as opposed to inheriting DNA exclusively from mom and dad. Previously another microscopic animal called the rotifer was the record-holder for having the most foreign DNA, but it has about half as much as the tardigrade. For comparison, most animals have less than one percent of their genome from foreign DNA. “Animals that can survive extreme stresses may be particularly prone to acquiring foreign genes — and bacterial genes might be better able to withstand stresses than animal ones,” said Boothby, a postdoctoral fellow in Goldstein’s lab. After all, bacteria have survived the Earth’s most extreme environments for billions of years. The team speculates that the DNA is getting into the genome randomly but what is being kept is what allows tardigrades to survive the harshest of environments, e.g. stick a tardigrade in a – 80 celsius freezer for a year or 10 and it starts running around in 20 minutes after thawing. This is what the team thinks happens: when tardigrades are under conditions of extreme stress such as desiccation – or a state of extreme dryness — Boothby and Goldstein believe that the tardigrade’s DNA breaks into tiny pieces. When the cell rehydrates, the cell’s membrane and nucleus, where the DNA resides, becomes temporarily leaky and DNA and other large molecules can pass through easily. Tardigrades not only can repair their own damaged DNA as the cell rehydrates but also stitch in the foreign DNA in the process, creating a mosaic of genes that come from different species. “We think of the tree of life, with genetic material passing vertically from mom and dad,” said Boothby. “But with horizontal gene transfer becoming more widely accepted and more well known, at least in certain organisms, it is beginning to change the way we think about evolution and inheritance of genetic material and the stability of genomes. So instead of thinking of the tree of life, we can think about the web of life and genetic material crossing from branch to branch. So it’s exciting. We are beginning to adjust our understanding of how evolution works.”

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To take an example from the glTF spec you cited: The stride, in bytes, between vertex attributes. When this is not defined, data is tightly packed. The stride of an array is the number of bytes from the start of one element to the start of the next element. If that stride is the same as the byte size of an element, then the array is "tightly packed". This means that there is no space between elements in the array; the byte after one element is the first byte of the next. What this is saying is that, if you don't specify a stride, then the stride will be computed to be the size of the element type in question. Interleaved vertex attributes are not "tightly packed" with respect to each other. If you have positions and normals interleaved, the position array is not tightly packed because the byte after one position is not the first byte of the next position. However, you could consider it to be "tightly packed" with respect to an aggregation of the vertex data as a whole. If the byte after one position/normal combination is the first byte of another position/normal combination, then this could be said to be a "tightly packed" array of position/normal aggregates.

<urn:uuid:d0fc483b-c0f8-4dc9-b45e-e4f4cb01ce1c>

CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://computergraphics.stackexchange.com/questions/12739/what-does-it-mean-for-a-buffer-to-be-tightly-packed

2024-04-13T19:55:33Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

If you don’t know what postmodernism is, you can most certainly recognize its influence in our world today. From Common Core to Transgender, the philosophy of postmodernism has permeated modern thinking. To define postmodernism, we first look at what came before it. Every new philosophy is a reaction to a previous philosophy and postmodernism is no different. Postmodernism is a reaction to Modernism, the philosophy that comes Post (After) Modernism. The “hay-day” for Modernism was the period at the end of the 19th century, going on into the early 20th century. It was a philosophy that declared Reason as the absolute of thinking. Reason and Logic were the only things man needed for the basis of what he believed to be the truth. “I think therefore I am.” — René Descartes, Father of Western Philosophy Postmodernism was a reaction against Modernism because it believed reason had failed mankind. Reason was to solve the world’s problems. However, at the end of 100 years of Modernism, we still had no remedy for poverty, corruption, wars, disease, etc. The conclusion was that reason was so corrupted by man it could no longer be the answer to man’s problems. Since reason has failed, the only thing to do with it was to throw it out. That included the discarding of anything associated with reason, such as logic and absolutes. Truth became relative and its definition could now change to whatever you wanted it to be, regardless of its accuracy or foundation of belief. For example, 2+2 does not have to equal 4. Under postmodernism, 2+2 can equal whatever you want it to equal: 5, 6, 18, or 54. Common Core was a system of learning based upon the absence of reason. It is postmodern thinking. Truth became relative, based 100% upon an individual’s opinion or personal desire. Were you born a male, but desire to be a female? Then simply believe it, and under postmodernism, it is true…to you. Then if it is true to you, society must also accept your truth about you. Transgender is another result of postmodern thinking. Postmodernism and Religion For postmodernism to even accept religion is a surprise. After all, most religions promote a creed of absolutes that must be believed by its followers. We must remember that Modernism, based purely on reason, denounced religion, believing that it should not exist. With this belief, the early atheists consistently attacked religion’s purpose of existence. But postmodernism permits an individual’s religion, as long as it is kept within the confinement of the individual’s self. It is adamantly opposed to the propagation of religion to others or the concept of Evangelizing the world. You may believe what you want about God, but religion must be purely individualistic and never collective. There should be no churches, assemblies, classes, etc. Let everybody believe what they want; whatever makes them feel good, and that should be their religion. Personal religion must never be based upon doctrine, any concept of absolutes, or a consistent belief. In the next post, we’ll take a look at postmodernism’s denial of dogmatism

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://cramersez.com/religion-in-a-postmodern-age-part-1/

2024-04-13T19:34:54Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

When it comes to managing your financial health, understanding your credit score is crucial. Whether you’re applying for a loan, renting an apartment, or even getting a new job, your credit score plays a significant role in determining your financial credibility. In this comprehensive guide, we will dive deep into the world of credit score checks, providing you with all the essential information you need to know. In this article, we will cover everything from the importance of credit scores to the factors that affect them. We will explore the different types of credit scores, how to check your score, and ways to improve it. So, whether you’re a first-time credit user or looking to boost your score, this article will be your ultimate resource. Understanding Credit Scores A credit score is a numerical representation of your creditworthiness, indicating how likely you are to repay borrowed money. Lenders, landlords, and employers often use credit scores to assess your financial reliability and determine whether to approve your loan, lease, or job application. Understanding the components that make up your credit score is essential for managing your financial well-being. The Importance of Credit Scores A credit score holds immense importance in your financial life. It not only influences your ability to secure loans and credit cards but also affects the interest rates you receive. A higher credit score can result in lower interest rates, saving you money in the long run. Additionally, landlords and employers may use your credit score as an indicator of your responsibility and trustworthiness. Therefore, maintaining a good credit score is crucial for various aspects of your financial life. How Credit Scores are Calculated The calculation of credit scores involves complex algorithms that analyze various factors from your credit history. While different scoring models exist, the most widely used one is the FICO scoring system. The FICO score takes into account several key factors, including payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, types of credit used, and recent credit inquiries. Each factor carries a different weight in determining your overall credit score. Types of Credit Scores Not all credit scores are created equal. Different credit scoring models are used by lenders and financial institutions, each with its own methodology and range. Understanding the different types of credit scores can help you navigate the credit landscape more effectively. FICO scores are the most commonly used credit scores in the United States. They are provided by the Fair Isaac Corporation and are based on a scale ranging from 300 to 850. FICO scores are calculated using a proprietary algorithm that weighs various factors in your credit history. VantageScores were introduced as an alternative to FICO scores. Developed by the three major credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion), VantageScores also range from 300 to 850. However, they utilize a different scoring model that may result in slight variations compared to FICO scores. Some industries have their own credit scoring models tailored to their specific needs. For example, the auto financing industry commonly uses FICO Auto Scores, while the mortgage industry relies on FICO Mortgage Scores. These industry-specific scores consider factors that are particularly relevant to the respective industries. Factors Affecting Your Credit Score Your credit score is influenced by several key factors. Understanding these factors and their impact on your score can help you make informed decisions to improve your creditworthiness. Your payment history carries significant weight in determining your credit score. Making timely payments on your credit accounts, such as loans, credit cards, and utility bills, demonstrates responsible financial behavior and positively impacts your credit score. On the other hand, late or missed payments can severely damage your score. Credit utilization refers to the percentage of your available credit that you are currently using. Keeping your credit utilization low, ideally below 30%, demonstrates responsible credit management and can boost your credit score. Maxing out your credit cards or having high balances relative to your credit limits can negatively impact your score. Length of Credit History The length of your credit history also plays a role in your credit score. Lenders prefer borrowers with a longer credit history, as it provides more data to assess their creditworthiness. If you’re new to credit, it’s important to establish a credit history by responsibly using credit accounts over time. Types of Credit Used The types of credit you have can impact your credit score. Having a healthy mix of credit accounts, such as credit cards, loans, and mortgages, shows that you can handle different types of debt. However, it’s important to only take on credit that you need and can manage responsibly. Recent Credit Inquiries When you apply for new credit, such as a loan or credit card, the lender may perform a hard inquiry on your credit report. Multiple hard inquiries within a short period can negatively affect your credit score, as it may suggest a higher risk of default. On the other hand, soft inquiries, such as checking your own credit score or pre-approved offers, do not impact your score. How to Check Your Credit Score Regularly monitoring your credit score allows you to stay informed about your financial standing and take necessary steps to improve it. There are several ways to check your credit score, ranging from free services to paid credit monitoring tools. Free Credit Score Services Many websites and financial institutions offer free credit score services. These services provide you with access to your credit score and sometimes additional features like credit monitoring and credit education resources. Some popular free credit score services include Credit Karma, Credit Sesame, and Mint. Credit Monitoring Tools Credit monitoring tools provide more comprehensive credit monitoring services, often including access to your credit reports from all three major credit bureaus, as well as regular updates and alerts regarding changes to your credit profile. While these tools usually come with a monthly or annual fee, they offer a higher level of credit monitoring and identity theft protection. Obtaining Your Free Credit Reports Under federal law, you are entitled to a free copy of your credit report from each of the three major credit bureaus—Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion—once every 12 months. By accessing your credit reports, you can review the information that forms the basis of your credit score and ensure its accuracy. Understanding Your Credit Report Your credit report is a detailed record of your credit history and forms the basis of your credit score. Understanding the information contained in your credit report is essential for managing your credit effectively. Your credit report includes personal information such as your name, address, social security number, and employment information. This information helps identify you and ensure that your credit report is accurate and up to date. Account information includes details about your credit accounts, such as credit cards, loans, and mortgages. It includes the account type, account number, date opened, credit limit or loan amount, payment history, and current balance. Reviewing this information allows you to ensure that it is accurate and reflects your credit activities. Public Records and Collections Public records and collections refer to legal actions or unpaid debts that have been reported to the credit bureaus. This may include bankruptcies, tax liens, judgments, or unpaid medical bills. It’s important to address any negative items on your credit report and work towards resolving them. Your credit report includes a list of inquiries made by lenders when you apply for credit. It differentiates between hard inquiries, which occur when you apply for new credit, and soft inquiries, which occur when you check your own credit or when potential lenders check your credit for pre-approved offers. Monitoring inquiries can help you identify any unauthorized access to your credit. Credit Score Ranges and What They Mean Credit scores are typically categorized into different ranges, each representing a level of creditworthiness. Understanding the meaning behind each credit score range can help you assess where you stand and identify areas for improvement. Poor Credit (300-579) A credit score in the poor range indicates a high risk of defaulting on credit obligations. With a poor credit score, you may face difficulties in obtaining credit or loans, and if approved, you may be subjected to high interest rates and unfavorable terms. Fair Credit (580-669) A fair credit score suggests a higher risk compared to those in the good or excellent ranges. While you may still qualify for credit, you may face higher interest rates and less favorable terms. Improving your credit score can help you access better credit opportunities. Good Credit (670-739) A good credit score demonstrates responsible credit management and makes you an attractive borrower to lenders. With a good credit score, you are more likely to receive favorable interest rates and loan terms, as well as a higher chance of approval for credit applications. Very Good Credit (740-799) A very good credit score indicates a strongcredit profile and a low risk of default. With a very good credit score, you can enjoy even better interest rates, more favorable terms, and increased flexibility in accessing credit and loans. Excellent Credit (800-850) An excellent credit score is the highest range and reflects exceptional creditworthiness. With an excellent credit score, you are likely to qualify for the best interest rates, most favorable loan terms, and a wide range of credit options. Lenders view individuals with excellent credit as highly reliable and responsible borrowers. Improving Your Credit Score If your credit score is not where you want it to be, don’t worry – there are steps you can take to improve it. Here are some effective strategies to boost your credit score: Paying Bills on Time Consistently making on-time payments is one of the most crucial factors in improving your credit score. Set up payment reminders or automatic payments to ensure you never miss a due date. Over time, your payment history will reflect responsible credit behavior, positively impacting your credit score. Reducing Credit Utilization Lowering your credit utilization ratio can have a significant impact on your credit score. Aim to keep your credit card balances below 30% of your credit limit. Paying down existing debts and avoiding maxing out your credit cards will demonstrate responsible credit management and improve your creditworthiness. Building a Positive Credit History If you’re new to credit or have a limited credit history, building a positive credit history is essential. Open a credit account, such as a secured credit card or a credit-builder loan, and make timely payments. Over time, this will establish a track record of responsible credit usage and improve your credit score. Regularly Monitoring Your Credit Monitoring your credit is crucial for identifying and addressing any errors or fraudulent activity that may negatively impact your credit score. Regularly review your credit reports from all three major credit bureaus and report any inaccuracies or suspicious activity immediately. Prompt action can help protect your credit score. Limiting Credit Inquiries While it’s essential to shop around for the best loan or credit card offers, be mindful of the number of credit inquiries you generate. Multiple hard inquiries within a short period can negatively impact your credit score. Instead, try to consolidate your rate shopping within a specific timeframe to minimize the impact on your score. The Impact of Credit Inquiries Credit inquiries can have varying effects on your credit score, depending on the type and frequency of inquiries. Understanding the differences between hard and soft inquiries can help you manage your credit effectively. Hard inquiries occur when a lender pulls your credit report in response to a credit application. These inquiries can slightly lower your credit score and remain on your credit report for up to two years. While a single hard inquiry usually has a minimal impact, multiple inquiries within a short period can raise concerns for lenders, potentially impacting your creditworthiness. Soft inquiries, on the other hand, do not affect your credit score. These inquiries occur when you check your own credit report, when lenders pre-approve you for credit offers, or when potential employers or landlords check your credit as part of a background check. Soft inquiries are only visible to you and do not impact your creditworthiness. Credit Score Myths Debunked There are numerous myths and misconceptions surrounding credit scores. Let’s debunk some of the most common credit score myths: Myth 1: Checking Your Credit Score Lowers It Contrary to popular belief, checking your own credit score does not lower it. When you check your own credit score, it is considered a soft inquiry and has no impact on your credit score. In fact, regularly monitoring your credit score is an essential part of responsible credit management. Myth 2: Closing Credit Accounts Improves Your Score Closing credit accounts can actually harm your credit score, especially if they have a long credit history or a high credit limit. Closing accounts reduces your overall available credit and may increase your credit utilization ratio. Instead of closing accounts, consider keeping them open and using them responsibly to maintain a healthy credit mix. Myth 3: Carrying a Balance on Credit Cards Boosts Your Score Carrying a balance on your credit cards does not help your credit score. In fact, it can increase your credit utilization ratio and potentially harm your score. It’s best to pay off your credit card balances in full each month to demonstrate responsible credit management and keep your credit utilization low. Maintaining a Healthy Credit Score Maintaining a healthy credit score requires consistent effort and responsible credit management. Here are some key tips to help you maintain a strong credit score: Pay Bills on Time Consistently paying your bills on time is crucial for maintaining a healthy credit score. Set up payment reminders or automatic payments to ensure you never miss a due date. Timely payments demonstrate responsible credit behavior and contribute to a positive payment history. Keep Credit Utilization Low Aim to keep your credit utilization ratio below 30%. Paying down existing debts and avoiding excessive credit card balances can help you maintain a low utilization rate. Regularly review your credit card statements and make timely payments to keep your credit utilization in check. Monitor Your Credit Regularly Regularly monitoring your credit reports and credit scores allows you to stay informed about any changes or potential issues. Review your credit reports for errors, inaccuracies, or signs of fraudulent activity. Promptly report any discrepancies to the credit bureaus to protect your credit score. Avoid Opening Unnecessary Accounts While it’s important to have a healthy mix of credit accounts, avoid opening unnecessary accounts that you do not need. Each new credit account you open generates a hard inquiry and potentially lowers your average account age. Only open new accounts when necessary and ensure you can manage them responsibly. Be Mindful of Credit Applications When applying for credit, be mindful of the number of applications you submit within a short period. Multiple hard inquiries can lower your credit score. Instead, consolidate your rate shopping within a specific timeframe to minimize the impact on your credit score. In conclusion, understanding and managing your credit score is essential for your financial well-being. Regularly checking your credit score, understanding the factors that influence it, and taking proactive steps to improve and maintain a healthy credit score will help you access better financial opportunities and achieve your financial goals. By implementing the strategies outlined in this comprehensive guide, you can take control of your credit and pave the way for a brighter financial future.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://cuanmologi.com/credit-score-check/

2024-04-13T19:32:06Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

One of the alleys in the storage yard of the Standard Oil Company's box factory at Richmond, California. The lumber is all spruce, box grade, and there were about 20 million feet in the yard at the time the picture was taken. The lumber is stuck on standard stickers and is piled in units, the units being made up and stuck at the sorting table upon which the boards are dumped from the cars. Segregation is by width and thickness; no attention is paid to lining up the ends of the boards. The yard is very clean and orderly even though the faces of the pile present a bristly appearance. No odd boards are found lying in the alleyways, possibly because the units are handled by locomotive crane from the sorting table to the piles and from the piles back to little trucks upon which they are run to the factory. October, 1925. Researchers may make free and open use of the UC Berkeley Library’s digitized public domain materials. However, some materials in our online collections may be protected by U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S.C.). Use or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use (Title 17, U.S.C. § 107) requires permission from the copyright owners. The use or reproduction of some materials may also be restricted by terms of University of California gift or purchase agreements, privacy and publicity rights, or trademark law. Responsibility for determining rights status and permissibility of any use or reproduction rests exclusively with the researcher. To learn more or make inquiries, please see our permissions policies (https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/about/permissions-policies).

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/18151

2024-04-13T20:20:14Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

With many of the basics of C programming covered in the previous chapter, we now dive deeper into the details of C. In this chapter we revisit many of the topics from the previous chapter, such as arrays, strings, and structs, discussing them in more detail. We also introduce C’s pointer variables and dynamic memory allocation. Pointers provide a level of indirection to accessing program state, and dynamic memory allocation allows a program to adjust to changes in size and space needs as it runs, allocating more space as it needs it and freeing space it no longer needs. By understanding how and when to use pointer variables and dynamic memory allocation, a C programmer can design programs that are both powerful and efficient. We begin with a discussion of the parts of program memory, as this will help in understanding many of the topics presented later. As the chapter progresses, we cover C file I/O and some advanced C topics including library linking and compiling to assembly code.

<urn:uuid:e4d039f5-2b78-4490-9dee-45ac70c3b14d>

CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://diveintosystems.org/book/C2-C_depth/index.html

2024-04-13T19:51:46Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Horses were of prime importance during the second half of the 19th century. They were required in the organisation of hunts, and noble lords would have their coats-of-arms emblazoned on their carriages and show off the magnificence of their footmen’s livery. In 1877, the princely couple entrusted the famous architect Paul-Ernest Sanson with designing the stables, which had to be the most sumptuous and modern in all Europe. Sanson opted for a brick and stone ensemble (brick was regularly used in the late 19th century in the building of equine palaces), also making use of an old sculptural feature present on the château’s facades (a sculpted frieze alternating the double “C” of Charles II de Chaumont and a mountain in flames). Two stables were built, the larger one for the use of the Château owners and the other for their guests.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://domaine-chaumont.fr/en/chateau-historic-grounds-and-stables/stables

2024-04-13T19:19:11Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Student loans are both a blessing and a curse to college students all across the country. On one hand, student loans allow you to have the money you need in many cases to attend college at all. On the other hand, most college students, particularly those entering college for the first time have inflated opinions of their starting salaries upon graduation and the bills they will face while living in the real world. In fact, most freshmen college students have no real concept of the limits of money in which to base their decisions as to whether or not they can realistically expect to repay those funds once they’ve graduated college. The sad truth is that many college graduates find that for the first 10–15 years after they have graduated college, they are essentially indentured servants to their student loan debts. There are many reasons for this and different college graduates will find different things about their student loans when the appropriate time comes. First of all, those taking out student loans need to understand that a college degree does not guarantee a high starting salary. Beyond that, a college degree is no guarantee that there will be employers lining up to take your name and number upon graduation. The truth is that most college grads take anywhere from 6 months to a year to find a job in their fields and even then the starting salaries are often far less than anticipated. Part of the blame for over-inflated expectations is the fault of universities attempting to validate their high tuition rates by displaying average starting salaries of only those that have successful offers in the field of study immediately upon graduation (which usually indicates a history of working with the company or another company as an intern prior to being hired) and not those students who have no prior work experience in their chosen fields. Part of the expectations is students reading job advertisements for experienced workers in a field and assuming that an education will provide the experience that employers require. Regardless of the reason, most starting salary expectations are not realistic in light of the current market. The problem is that for many students a student loan is the difference between receiving a college education or not receiving one. For these students, there is no option. The price they will pay (with interest) for having student loans in order to get through the educational process will repay itself over the course of a lifetime if they are wise about making the necessary payments and stay on top of things such as consolidation loans and making payments on time. Student loans are a great tool for those who have no other options when it comes to attending and affording to attend a university. On the other hand, for those who do not have an absolute need for the funds a student loan can provide they can prove to be problematic when trying to establish your career and your lifestyle upon graduation. This is a tool for education that should be used sparingly at best. Whether or not you choose to take out student loans in order to fund your college education it is a good idea if you exhaust all other available resources first. Check out your options for grants, scholarships, and work-study programs before leaping into student loans to pay for your education. Note: This content was curated from a third party.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://dorea-hardy.medium.com/student-loans-should-be-last-resort-816c9081bfe6?source=user_profile---------8----------------------------

2024-04-13T20:02:06Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Shoulder Bone Separation Shoulder bone separation occurs when the ligaments between the collarbone (clavicle) and part of the shoulder blade (acromion) are torn. The tear loosens the joint connection between the collarbone and shoulder blade, causing them to separate or move apart from one other. A separated shoulder does not actually involve damage to the main ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. Other names for this condition are acromioclavicular joint separation or AC joint separation. These names reflect the medical references for the collarbone (clavicle), and the outer end of the scapula (acromion) that extends over the shoulder joint at its highest point. Causes of Shoulder bone Separation Most shoulder separations are caused by falling directly onto the shoulder with enough force to tear ligaments. Besides falls, car accidents and sports injuries are frequent causes. - Pain at the very top of the shoulder. - A bump on the top of the shoulder at the end of the collarbone. As a result of torn ligaments, the shoulder blade moves downward from the weight of the arm, causing the top end of the collarbone to protrude up. Diagnosis of Shoulder bone Separation - Review of current symptoms and appearance of the injured shoulder. - Review of medical history. - A physical examination. - Imaging tests such as X-rays - MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). The patient may be asked to hold a weight in the hand during these tests to make the injury stand out more on the images that are captured. Most people will recover from a separated shoulder within two to 12 weeks without surgery. Non-surgical treatments include the following: - Use of a sling to keep the shoulder in place while healing. - Ice packs and medications such as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin or acetaminophen to reduce pain. - Physical therapy or an exercise program to strengthen the muscles and ligaments of the shoulder once it has healed. A doctor’s approval should be received before starting a rehabilitation program. - Avoidance of lifting heavy objects for eight to 12 weeks after the injury has healed. Surgery may be required in more serious cases (such as a type IV, V or VI injuries on the Rockwood scale) or after determining that non-surgical treatments are not the best option. More serious injuries are indicated when the fingers are numb or cold, arm muscles are weak, or deformity of the shoulder is severe. Surgical treatments include: - Shaving the end of the collarbone to prevent it from rubbing against the shoulder blade. - Reattaching torn ligaments to the underside of the collarbone. This surgery can be performed even long after the injury has occurred, but may require a graft tissue to help reconstruct the ligaments if a lot of time has passed since the injury.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://drdevmishra.com/shoulder-bone-separation/

2024-04-13T18:11:28Z

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Electrical and Electronic Engineering News New transceiver design capable of both transmission and reception at frequencies over 100 GHz and at 112 Gb/s data rate could pave the way to 6G technologies, as reported by scientists at Tokyo Tech. By effectively suppressing the self-interference caused by the transmission signal leaking into the receiver, the proposed architecture reaches unprecedented data rates while maintaining a surprisingly compact size. Scientists and engineers in the field of telecommunications are already working on the technologies that will be used for sixth generation (6G) networks. Ideally, 6G should deliver data rates of over 100 gigabits per second (Gb/s) and support extremely low latencies for applications such as autonomous cars and virtual reality. One way to meet these massive requirements for transmission and reception is to adopt a full-duplex (FD) architecture operating at sub-THz frequencies from 88 to 136 GHz. The main advantage of the FD architecture is that it enables a single system to both transmit and receive signals, effectively doubling the throughput. One way to implement this architecture is to make the transmission and reception modules share a single antenna. This helps reduce the size of the circuit and allows both parts to make full use of the available frequency spectrum. However, single-antenna FD architectures suffer greatly from self-interference (SI), a phenomenon in which the transmitted signal leaks into the receiver side. Such systems must include circuits for SI cancellation that attempt to cancel the generated SI by injecting an equal signal with the opposite polarity. In the sub-THz band, implementing effective SI cancellation is much more challenging than in lower frequencies, which remains a hurdle to single-antenna FD designs. Against this backdrop, a team of researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan, have recently developed a novel FD communication system addressing the obstacles posed by SI. The research team of Professor Kenichi Okada presented their design at the upcoming the 2023 Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits held June 11-16, Kyoto, Japan. One of the main features of their system is the implementation of a dual-polarized patch antenna. It is driven by differential signals—a combination of positive and negative feeding ports for transmission and reception. By making the circuit paths of these ports highly symmetrical, the mismatch of the transmitted signal that leaks into the differential receiver’s ports is minimized, which helps keep SI low. "Our design avoids large transmission leakages prevalent in devices with asymmetric antenna structures and asymmetric differential signal ports," explains Prof. Okada. Another important aspect of the proposed design is the SI cancellation (SIC) circuit. For effectively cancelling the generated SI, one needs to carefully modify the phase of the cancellation signal such that it is opposite to that of the leaked signal. This is usually done using variable capacitors called varactors. However, at the sub-THz range, conventional varactors have a limited phase range and poor resolution. To tackle this problem, the researchers developed a new varactor structure that achieved excellent linear resolution over the entire sub-THz band and over the full 360° range. The team tested their design through a series of experiments, which yielded quite promising results. "In the over-the-air measurement, the proposed FD transceiver achieved 6 Gb/s. The SI suppression was improved by 20 decibels when the SI canceller was turned on," highlights Prof. Okada. The device, the world’s first FD phased-array transceiver to operate at over 100 GHz, also achieved a data rate of 112 Gb/s in HD mode. This is the fastest-to-date system among sub-THz phased-array transceivers. Together with a compact size and a wide range of operating frequencies, the proposed architecture represents a big step toward the telecommunications technology for 6G. Let us hope further research in this direction puts us closer to an even more intercommunicated world! |2023 Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits |Circuits Session13: Millimeter-Wave Transceivers and Synthesizers June 14, 2:00 p.m. (Japan Standard Time) |Session Title : |A Sub-THz Full-Duplex Phased-Array Transceiver with Self-Interference Cancellation and LO Feedthrough Suppression |Digest of Technical Papers, the 2023 Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits |Chun Wang, Ibrahim Abdo, Chenxin Liu, Carrel da Gomez, Hans Herdian, Wenqian Wang, Xi Fu, Dongwon You, Abanob Shehata, Sunghwan Park, Yun Wang, Jian Pang, Hiroyuki Sakai, Atsushi Shirane, and Kenichi Okada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology School of Engineering —Creating New Industries and Advancing Civilization— Information on School of Engineering inaugurated in April 2016

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Conversations about learning for sustainability This report was published in October 2014 to mark the end of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Twenty educational establishments across Scotland were visited to gather evidence for the report. During each visit, school and centre leaders, practitioners, learners, parents and community members were asked to reflect on the impact that learning for sustainability had made on learners and the school/centre community. The Scottish report contributed to a wider international study, led by UNESCO, which involved eighteen countries. The findings, both within Scotland and internationally, indicate that learning for sustainability (also known as education for sustainable development) contributes in many ways to high quality education. How to use this resource Schools and centres may want to discuss the findings and case studies within the report and use the questions below to reflect on the practice within their own establishment: - How do you ensure all learners have their entitlement to learning for sustainability? - How do you demonstrate learning for sustainability in your practice? - Is your whole-school and community approach to learning for sustainability robust, demonstrable, evaluated and supported by leadership at all levels? - How do your school buildings, grounds and policies support learning for sustainability?

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by Julius Probst The decline in global real interest rates Back in 2013, Larry Summers started to believe that most advanced economies have entered a new macroeconomic regime, a prolonged period of lower economic growth as a result of insufficient aggregate demand. In a recent piece, I argued that Summers’ revival of the secular stagnation hypothesis has been the most important contribution to modern macroeconomics (Probst, 2019a). According to the secular stagnation theory, a combination of macroeconomic factors have pushed down real interest rates on a global level. These forces include adverse demographics, falling productivity growth, and rising inequality. With the decline in interest rates, Central Banks increasingly struggle to keep the economy at full employment because they cannot reduce interest rates substantially below zero. Therefore, many countries will also have a higher risk of experiencing recessions and might suffer from prolonged negative output gaps when interest rates remain constrained by the so-called effective lower bound (Summers, 2015; 2016). The chart below displays the secular downward trend of real interest rates for the Japan, the US, the UK, and the Eurozone. Most other rich economies have suffered the same fate since the 1980s. A lot of economic research has shown that global interest rates have declined significantly and that they are nowadays at record-low levels across advanced economies since the late 19thcentury (Probst, 2019c, Schmelzing, 2017). Some economists have even suggested that current interest rates have never been that low throughout human history since the early Antiquity (Haldane, 2015). The decline in interest rates also had the unintended side-effect of pushing up the price of financial assets around the world, both stock markets and real estate. Figure 1: Real Interest rates CB policy rates minus CPI, 1 year MA The global surge in real estate prices The second figure below shows that inflation-adjusted house prices have almost tripled across many advanced economies since the end of Bretton Woods in the early 1970s. This has especially been the case for Anglo-Saxon economies, but the social-democratic economies of Scandinavia have been severely affected as well. While increasing financialization and the globalization of capital flows probably also played their part in pushing up local real estate prices in global cities like London, New York, and Paris, etc., researchers at the Bank of England have arguedthat a significant part of the increase is due to the decline in global real interest rates. The reason is simple. The value of any financial asset is simply the net present value of all its future cash flows discounted at the rate of interest. As interest rates decline, future cash flows become more valuable and therefore the fundamental value of the financial asset increases. Figure 2: Real house prices, Dallas Fed Price Index A standard way of pricing financial assets is by using the dividend discount model, according to which the net present value (NPV) of a financial asset is given by the sum of all future cash flows (R) discounted by the rate of interest (i): While the formula is usually applied to stock prices, it is equally valid to use it for housing or other investments. As inflation-adjusted interest rates have declined significantly across the world in recent decades (and the same is true for nominal interest rates), the price of real estate and other financial assets increases as future cash flows are now discounted at a lower rate of interest. Halving the rate of interest would roughly correspond to a doubling of financial asset prices. It therefore stands to reason that the secular downward trend of interest rates has indeed contributed to a large extent to the spectacular surge in house prices across advanced economies. Germany and Japan are the outliers However, the researchers from the Bank of England might have gone one step too far in attributing almost the entirety of the increase in house prices to falling interest rates. Dwellings are after all not only a financial asset, but they also provide us with one of the most important services in life, namely housing. The demand for housing in large metropolitan areas has increased significantly in recent decades as most jobs high-income jobs have been created in the large agglomerations. The forces of economic geography have increasingly favored big cities since the 1990s while more rural regions have largely lost out (Florida, 2016). This has been the case in the US, but also in most European countries like Germany, the UK, and Sweden. Consequently, house prices have performed extremely different across regions within countries. Furthermore, there also seem to be vast differences internationally. While some countries have seen their house prices explode in recent decades, mostly a combination of stronger population growth and restricted supply, other countries have experienced a very different trend. Most noticeably, real house prices in Germany and Japan have stayed relatively flat for a longer time period (see below). Japan has seen stagnating house prices for more than 2 decades since the explosion of its asset price bubble in the early 1990s while Germany’s house prices have only started to catch up to the international trend very recently. This suggests that supply-side factors are also extremely important in determining house prices. According to the following statistic, the metropolitan area of Tokyo added more individual housing units in 2014 than the entire country of England. Consequently, house prices in Tokyo have experienced a very different trend than most other metropolitan areas around the world where supply has been much more constrained. Figure 3: Real house prices, Dallas Fed Price Index. Germany and Japan Summing up, the evidence for secular stagnation seems to be increasing as advanced economies continue to suffer from even lower interest rates and economic growth rates than what was widely expected just a few years ago (Probst, 2019a; 2019b). Moreover, this does not seem to reverse any time soon as financial markets have priced in low interest rates for the foreseeable future. Secular stagnation also had the undesirable side-effect of bidding up house prices around the world as a result of low interest rates. However, the financial blog by the Bank of England might have somewhat overstated its case. Dwellings are not only a financial asset, but also a real commodity. While the entire advanced world has suffered from low interest rates during the last decade, supply-side constraints can explain why San Francisco or New York have experienced exploding house prices whereas this has not been the case in Tokyo, for example. · Florida, R. (2016). Winner-take-all urbanism: Geographic divisions in the modern era. Brown J. World Aff., 23, 103. · Gordon, M. J. (1962). The investment, financing, and valuation of the corporation. Homewood, IL: RD Irwin. · Haldane, A. (2015). Stuck. Bank of England Speeches. · Probst, J. (2019a). Lawrence Summers Deserves a Nobel Prize for Reviving the Theory of Secular Stagnation. Econ Journal Watch, 16(2), 342. · Probst, J. (2019b). Secular stagnation: it’s time to admit that Larry Summers was right about this global economic growth trap. The Conversation. · Probst, J. (2019c). Global real interest rate dynamics from the late 19th century to today. International Review of Economics & Finance, 59, 522-547. · Schmelzing, P. (2017). Eight Centuries of the Risk-Free Rate: Bond Market Reversals from the Venetians to the ‘VaR Shock’. · Summers, L. H. (2015). Demand side secular stagnation. American Economic Review, 105(5), 60-65. · Summers, L. H. (2016). The age of secular stagnation: What it is and what to do about it. Foreign Aff., 95, 2. Julius Probst is a Customer Specialist at Macrobond Financial, a macroeconomic search engine and analysis tool and provider of financial time series data. Previously, he was a PhD student at the Economic History Department at Lund University and a PhD trainee at the ECB. He also has a blog on macroeconomics at macrothoughts.

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- Olive oil extraction Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the oil present in the olive drupes for food use. The oil is produced in the mesocarp cells, and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole, i.e., every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet. Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents (vegetative extract liquid and solid material). It is possible to attain this separation by physical means alone, i.e., oil and water do not mix, so they are relatively easy to separate. This contrasts with other oils that are extracted with chemical solvents (generally hexane). The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives, to reduce the presence of contaminants, especially soil which can create a particular flavour defect called "soil taste". - 1 Traditional method: olive press - 2 Modern method: decanter centrifugation - 3 Sinolea - 4 First cold pressed – cold extraction - 5 Alternative configurations - 6 Consumer point of view - 7 Future prospects - 8 See also - 9 References - 10 External links Traditional method: olive press People have used olive presses since Greeks first began pressing olives over 5000 years ago. Extant Roman era olive presses survive to the present time, with a notable collection present at Volubilis in Morocco. An olive press works by applying pressure to olive paste to separate the liquid oil and vegetation water from the solid material. The oil and vegetation water are then separated by standard decantation. This basic method is still widely used today, and it is still a valid way of producing high quality olive oil if adequate precautions are taken. First the olives are ground into an olive paste using large millstones. The olive paste generally stays under the stones for 30 to 40 minutes. This has three objectives: - to guarantee that the olives are well ground - to allow enough time for the olive drops to join to form the largest droplets of oil - to allow the fruit enzymes to produce some of the oil aromas and taste Rarely, olive oil mills use a modern crushing method with a traditional press. After grinding, the olive paste is spread on fiber disks, which are stacked on top of each other, then placed into the press. Traditionally the disks were made of hemp or coconut fiber, but in modern times they are made of synthetic fibers which are easier to clean and maintain. These disks are then put on a hydraulic piston, forming a pile. Pressure is applied on the disks, thus compacting the solid phase of the olive paste and percolating the liquid phases (oil and vegetation water). The applied hydraulic pressure can go to 400 atm. To facilitate separation of the liquid phases, water is run down the sides of the disks to increase the speed of percolation. The liquids are then separated either by a standard process of decantation or by means of a faster vertical centrifuge. The traditional method is a valid form of producing high quality olive oil, if after each extraction the disks are properly cleaned from the remains of paste; if not the leftover paste will begin to ferment, thereby producing inconsistencies of flavors (called defects) that will contaminate the subsequently produced olive oil. A similar problem can affect the grindstones that, in order to assure perfect quality, also require cleaning after each usage. Advantages and disadvantages Proper cleaning produces higher quality oil. Grindstones, while ancient in design, are a suitable way to grind olives, because this method breaks up the drupe's pulp while only slightly touching the nut and the skin. This reduces the release of the oil oxidation enzymes present in these organs. In addition, in this extraction method, the introduction of water is minimal when compared to the modern one, thus reducing the washing-off of the polyphenols. The exhausted paste, called pomace, has a low content of water making it an easier residue to manage. - Better grinding of the olives, reducing the release of oil oxidation enzymes - Reduced added water, minimizing the washing of polyphenols - Pomace with a low content of water easier to manage - Difficult cleaning - Non-continuous process with waiting periods thus exposing the olive paste to the action of oxygen and light. - Requires more manual labour - Longer time period from harvest to pressing Modern method: decanter centrifugation The modern method of olive oil extraction uses an industrial decanter to separate all the phases by centrifugation. In this method the olives are crushed to a fine paste. This can be done by a hammer crusher, disc crusher, depitting machine or knife crusher. This paste is then malaxed for 30 to 60 minutes in order to allow the small olive droplets to agglomerate. The aromas are created in these two steps through the action of fruit enzymes. Afterwards the paste is pumped in to an industrial decanter where the phases will be separated. Water is added to facilitate the extraction process with the paste. The decanter is a large capacity horizontal centrifuge rotating approximately 3000 rpm, the high centrifugal force created allows the phases to be readily separated according to their different densities (solids > vegetation water > oil). Inside the decanter's rotating conical drum there is a coil that rotates a few rpm slower, pushing the solid materials out of the system. The separated oil and vegetation water are then rerun through a vertical centrifuge, working around 6000 rpm that will separate the small quantity of vegetation water still contained in oil and vice versa. Three, two, and two and a half phases decanters With the three phases oil decanter, a portion of the oil polyphenols is washed out due to the higher quantity of added water (when compared to the traditional method), producing a larger quantity of vegetation water that needs to be processed. The two phases oil decanter was created as an attempt to solve these problems. Sacrificing part of its extraction capability, it uses less added water thus reducing the phenol washing. The olive paste is separated into two phases: oil and wet pomace. This type of decanter, instead of having three exits (oil, water and solids), has only two. The water is expelled by the decanter coil together with the pomace, resulting in a wetter pomace that is much harder to process industrially. Many pomace oil extraction facilities refuse to work with these materials because the energy costs of drying the pomace for the hexane oil extraction often make the extraction process sub-economical. In practice, then, the two phases decanter solves the phenol washing problem but increases the residue management problem. This residue management problem has been reduced by the collection of this wetter pomace and being transported to specialized facilities called extractors which heat the pomace between 45ºc and 50ºc and can extract up to a further 2 litres per 100 kilos of pomace using adapted two phase decanters. The two and a half phases oil decanter is a compromise between the two previous types of decanters. It separates the olive paste into the standard three phases, but has a smaller need for added water and also a smaller vegetation water output. Therefore the water content of the obtained pomace comes very close to that of the standard three phases decanter, and the vegetation water output is relatively small, minimizing the residue management issues. Advantages and disadvantages - Compact machinery - one decanter can take the place of several presses - Continuous and automated - Limited labor required - Highest percent of oil extraction - Vegetable water disposal less of a problem - Olive oil from two-phase centrifugation systems contains more phenols, tocopherols, trans-2-hexenal and total aroma compounds and is more resistant to oxidation than oil from three-phase ones and from hydraulic presses - More technical labor required - High energy consumption - Pomace may end up moist - Greater amount of vegetable water to be disposed of - Reduced antioxidants due to added water - Subject to wear from rocks, grit The Sinolea method to extract oil from the olives was introduced in 1972; in this process, rows of metal discs or plates are dipped into the paste; the oil preferentially wets and sticks to the metal and is removed with scrapers in a continuous process. It’s based on the different surface tension of the vegetation water and the oil, these different physical behaviors allow the olive oil to adhere to a steel plaque while the other two phases stay behind. Sinolea works by continuously introducing several hundreds of steel plaques in to the paste thus extracting the olive oil. This process is not completely efficient leaving a large quantity of oil still in the paste, so the remaining paste has to be processed by the standard modern method (industrial decanter). Advantages and disadvantages - Higher polyphenol content of oil - Low temperature method - Low labor - Oil/water separation step is not needed - Low energy requirement - Often must be combined with one of the above methods in order to maximize oil extraction which requires more space and labor. - Large surface areas can lead to rapid oxidation of the olive product - Sale of future machines currently outlawed in the European Union due to difficulty in cleaning large surface areas. First cold pressed – cold extraction Many oils are marketed as first cold pressed or cold extraction, this is a denomination describing the temperature at which the oil was obtained. In the EU these designations are regulated by article 5 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1019/2002 of 13 June 2002 on marketing standards for olive oil. This article states that in order to use these designations the olive oil bottler must prove that the temperature of malaxation and extraction was under 27 °C (80 °F). For olive oil bottled outside EU countries this regulation does not apply, and thus the consumer has no assurance that these statements are true. The temperature of malaxation and extraction is crucial due to its effect on olive oil quality. When high temperatures are applied the more volatile aromas are lost and the rate of oil oxidation is increased, producing therefore lower quality oils. In addition, the chemical content of the polyphenols, antioxidants, and vitamins present in the oil is reduced by higher temperatures. The temperature is adjusted basically by controlling the temperature of the water added during these two steps. High temperatures are used to increase the yield of olive oil obtained from the paste. Some producers, in order to maximise product quality, choose to combine the traditional grinding method, the stone mill, with a modern decanter. This technique produces more selective grinding of the olives, reduces the malaxation time olive paste, and avoids the complicated cleaning of the olive press fibre disks. Because the use of the stone mill requires a loading and unloading phase, this extraction method is discontinuous, i.e., there are times when all the machinery is stopped, therefore it is generally not used on a large commercial scale, being applied only by small scale olive mills producing high quality olive oil. Consumer point of view High quality olive oil can be obtained by all the methods if proper measures are taken. Olive oil quality is equally dependent on the quality of the olives themselves and on the time they have to wait from harvesting to extraction, in addition to the extraction method itself. The two worst “enemies” of olive oil are oxygen and light. Once an olive is harvested, it should be pressed within 24 hours. Oxidation begins immediately upon harvesting. In the period between harvest and grinding, the fruits' enzymes are very active and increasingly degrade the endogenous oil, and therefore oil obtained after a longer wait is of lower quality, presenting higher acidity (oleic acid percentage). In addition, if additional oxygen is allowed to interact with the olive paste during the extraction process, the acidity level will increase further. Sealed extraction methods are best to prevent the continued introduction of oxygen, as well as light to the oil. After extraction is complete, in most cases the oil has a cloudy form, mainly due to the presence of minute amounts of water. This type of oil is called cloudy olive oil, or veiled olive oil. It is common practice that olive oil, or more specifically cloudy olive oil, is stored in cool stainless steel silos with a conical bottom that are pumped free of oxygen. This will ensure the complete precipitation and separation of the two phases and additionally facilate the final stage in olive production, filtration; it will also contribute in the integrity and stability of the oil. The future of olive extraction points to reducing the negative aspects of the present methods, decreasing the degradation oil produced by the extraction process in itself. - Reducing the oxidation by performing part of the process of malaxation and the extraction under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere - Extracting the nut of the olive before grinding, this will reduce the release of oxidative enzymes present in this organ, and yield a pomace that is free from wood residues, making it possible to be used in animal feeding - Reducing the addition of water to minimize the washing of polyphenols - Improving the sinolea method, through an increase in the efficiency of the adsorption of the oil to the plates, thus reducing the need for the use of standard methods of extraction - Olive oil - Amurca, a byproduct in olive oil extraction, historically used for many purposes - Olive mill pomace composting Producción ecológica. Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca Junta de Andalucía.España - ^ F. D. Gunstone, Vegetable Oils in Food Technology: Composition, Properties, and Uses, 2002, CRC Press, 351 pages ISBN 0-8493-2816-0 - ^ C. Michael Hogan, Volubilis, The Megaoithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham (2007) - ^ Dimitrios Boskou, Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology, Contributor American Oil Chemists Society, 2006, AOCS Press, 268 pages ISBN 1-893997-88-X - Polyphenols in olive oils. T. Gutfinger, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Volume 58, Number 11, 966-968, doi:10.1007/BF02659771 - Commission Regulation (EC) No 1019/2002 of 13 June 2002 on marketing standards for olive oil - http://www.oilmillmachinerysuppliers.com/ Get complete technical information on Oil Processing, Oil Extraction, Seed Processing, Oil Refining, Oil Filtering, Seed Extraction and more @ http://www.oilmillmachinerysuppliers.com/ Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

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2016. Graeff, E. ‘Youth Digital Activism.’ World Youth Report 2015–Youth Civic Engagement. United Nations: New York, NY. Link to 2015 UN World Youth Report Presentation at the United Nations Starts at 27m 40s The terms “civic engagement” and “activism” traditionally evoke images of voting and volunteering for campaigns or marching in the streets, banners hoisted high. While these are still fixtures of political participation, a broader set of practices enabled by digital technologies is being created and applied by young people. Cathy J. Cohen, Joseph Kahne and others call this broader set of practices “participatory politics”, defined as “interactive, peer-based acts through which individuals and groups seek to exert both voice and influence on issues of public concern”. They emphasize that “these acts are not guided by deference to elites or formal institutions”. This is part of a larger trend of youth avowing low confidence in national decision-making bodies and disaffection with elected officials and their ability to address issues. The biannual Harvard Institute of Politics poll indicated consistently declining levels of trust in government institutions among 18- to 29-year-old Americans between 2010 and 2015. According to a 2013 LSE Enterprise study, when European 16- to 26-year olds reflect on voting and institutional politics, they find “the political ‘offer’ does not match their concerns, ideas, and ideal of democratic politics”. At the same time, there are high levels of youth participation in issue-oriented activism, boycotting and buycotting, and protest activities. W. Lance Bennett refers to this new generation of young people as “actualizing citizens”, “who favour loosely networked activism to address issues that reflect personal values”, in contrast with “dutiful citizens”, who maintain a more collective and government-centred set of practices. Similarly, Cohen and Kahne found that interest-driven participation was a strong predictor of engagement in participatory politics among American youth. If one thing defines this era of youth digital activism, it is the ability to make and widely share media. It is possible for “widely distributed, loosely connected individuals” to work together to solve a problem or create something new—a practice called crowdsourcing or peer production—because the costs of building loose networks of contributors and disseminating information digitally are nearly zero. When people make their own media they can assert power by framing issues in ways that compel others to change their minds or to adapt to new realities and perspectives. This form of “media activism” is not a new theory of change in itself; however, its practice is being transformed by the use of digital technologies for coordination and amplification. Agenda-setting power is shifting to a broader set of political actors with the necessary tools, savvy and timing. Mobile computing, in particular, is allowing a new generation of citizens to access the Internet and enjoy lowered coordination costs. In Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, 9 in 10 Millennials have a smartphone and spend 50-100 per cent more time on their mobile device than on a desktop computer. Affordable wireless Internet access and mobile phone ownership around the world constitute the most potent force for expanding the pool and potential of young digital activists. However, the young people best poised to transform the practice of democracy around the world are those who not only create media but also build the tools and platforms through which they are made, shared and organized. Lilly Irani calls this new movement of civic hacking and cultural remaking “entrepreneurial citizenship”. This represents a small but powerful cohort that is taking its cues for solving the world’s problems from Silicon Valley and identifying primarily as social entrepreneurs and designers and secondarily as political or as activists. These new forms of digital activism are not without problems and controversy. Many youth are still excluded from civic and political participation. That is why it is important to comprehend the wide range of contemporary tactics, tools, and trends and the unique challenges youth digital activists face in connection with current laws, norms, market forces and educational practices. The current thought piece outlines those trends and challenges but also highlights relevant opportunities and offers recommendations for supporting youth digital activism.

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Some common labs in schools are science labs, computer lobs, and art labs. Each type of lab serves a different purpose. Science labs are usually equipped with materials and tools for students to conduct experiments and observations. This allows students to gain first-hand experience with scientific equipment and materials. Computer labs usually have a variety of computers and software for students to use. Art labs typically have a wide variety of art supplies for students to use in their projects. The labs ore spacious and have all the necessary equipment for students to conduct experiments. The staff is also very friendly and helpful, and they are always willing to answer any questions that students may have.

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Water availability limits plant growth and production in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. However, biomes differ substantially in sensitivity of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to between-year variation in precipitation. Average rain-use efficiency (RUE; ANPP/precipitation) also varies between biomes, supposedly because of differences in vegetation structure and/or biogeochemical constraints. Here we show that RUE decreases across biomes as mean annual precipitation increases. However, during the driest years at each site, there is convergence to a common maximum RUE (RUEmax) that is typical of arid ecosystems. RUEmax was also identified by experimentally altering the degree of limitation by water and other resources. Thus, in years when water is most limiting, deserts, grasslands and forests all exhibit the same rate of biomass production per unit rainfall, despite differences in physiognomy and site-level RUE. Global climate models predict increased between-year variability in precipitation, more frequent extreme drought events, and changes in temperature. Forecasts of future ecosystem behaviour should take into account this convergent feature of terrestrial biomes. ASJC Scopus subject areas

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https://experts.nau.edu/en/publications/convergence-across-biomes-to-a-common-rain-use-efficiency

2024-04-13T18:21:43Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

The Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), smallest of the “grey” geese, is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and protected in all range states. There are three sub-populations, with the least studied being the East Asian sub-population, shared between Russia and China. The extreme remoteness of breeding enclaves makes them largely inaccessible to researchers. As a substitute for visitation, remotely tracking birds from wintering grounds allows exploration of their summer range. Over a period of three years, and using highly accurate GPS tracking devices, eleven individuals of A. erythropus were tracked from the key wintering site of Dongting Lake, China, to breeding, molting, and staging sites in north-eastern Russia. Data obtained from that tracking, bolstered by ground survey and literature records, were used to model the summer distribution of A. erythropus. Although earlier literature suggests the summer range is patchy, the model confirms a contiguous summer range. The most suitable habitats are located along the coasts of the Laptev Sea, primarily the Lena-Delta, in the Yana-Kolyma Lowland, and smaller lowlands of Chukotka with narrow riparian extensions upstream along major rivers such as the Lena, Indigirka and Kolyma. The probability of A. erythropus presence is related to sites with altitude less than 500 m with abundant wetlands, especially riparian habitat, and a climate with precipitation of warmest quarter around 55 mm and mean temperature of wettest quarter around 14oC. Human disturbance also affects site suitability, with a gradual decrease in species presence starting around 160 km from human settlements. Remote tracking of animal species can bridge the knowledge gap required for robust estimation of species distribution patterns in remote areas. Better knowledge of species’ distribution is important in understanding the large-scale ecological consequences of rapid global change and establishing conservation management strategies.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://faye.authorea.com/browse-all?page=21&tags=%5B%22vertebrate%22%5D

2024-04-13T20:11:26Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics An establishment is an economic unit, such as a factory, mine, store, or office that produces goods or services. It generally is at a single location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single location encompasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments, if separate payroll records are available, and the various activities are classified under different industry codes. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Number of Private Establishments for All Industries in Monroe County, WV [ENU5406320510], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ENU5406320510, April 13, 2024.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ENU5406320510

2024-04-13T19:54:24Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Glossary of Solar Terms AC refers to the alternating current of electrical energy. When solar panels absorb sunlight, they produce direct current (DC) electricity, which goes to either a solar battery or inverter. If electricity goes to an inverter, DC electricity converts to AC electricity. Homes and businesses can use this AC electricity, or it can go to the grid. A solar array is a group of photovoltaic (PV) modules (i.e., solar panels) that make up an interconnected system. These modules function as a single unit to produce energy, and a mount typically supports them. Small solar arrays may consist of one module. An azimuth is the angle between true south and the point in the horizon that’s directly below the sun. Ideally, your solar panels should aim in this direction. Mounts that directly attach to a home’s rafters support most solar panel systems. However, solar technicians typically use a ballast mount for flat roofs, which include weights to keep the solar panel array in place. Ballast mounts don’t require roof penetration. BOS stands for balance of system. It refers to the components required for a solar panel system to function properly and interconnect with the grid (and thus a utility). These components include solar panels, combiner boxes, wiring, switches, breakers, monitoring equipment, a mounting system and more. Your equipment will slightly vary, depending on whether you have roof-, ground- or wall-mounted solar panels. DC refers to the direct current of electrical energy. When solar cells (which make up solar panels) absorb sunlight, they produce DC electricity. That electricity either goes to an inverter or a solar battery. An inverter must convert DC electricity to alternating current (AC) electricity before you can use it in your home or business or before it goes to the grid. Solar panel efficiency refers to the amount of sunlight energy that solar panels can convert into electricity. The more efficient your panels are, the more usable power you generate for your home. SunPower solar panels are currently the most efficient panels on the market. The grid is a system that delivers electricity from power generators to homes and businesses. However, if you own solar panels, you can connect your system to the grid to take advantage of your utility’s net metering program or to source energy when rates are low. You can also rely on the grid if your panels didn’t produce enough energy during the day to power your home. Systems that can connect and disconnect from the grid are known as hybrid solar panels. With them, you can rely on both your panels and the grid for power, rather than an off-grid solar panel system that doesn’t allow you to connect to the grid. Additionally, you can send your panels’ excess energy to the grid and benefit from local net metering programs through your utility. Interconnection is the link between two utility companies’ transmission lines or between a utility and an end user (e.g., home or business owner). A grid-tied solar panel system is interconnected, but an off-grid system is not. Off-grid solar is risky because if your panels fail to generate enough power for your needs, you can source backup power only from a battery rather than from the grid, too. Interconnection and BOS Equipment Interconnection is the link between a utility’s electric supply and an end user via the grid. BOS stands for balance of systems and refers to a solar panel system being connected to a home’s or business’s main electrical service. BOS equipment includes wiring, switches, a mounting system, one or more solar inverters, a battery and more. BOS equipment allows a solar panel system to function properly with all its required parts and components. This functionality then allows the system to connect with the grid and send or receive solar power from a utility. An inverter converts direct current (DC) electricity that solar panels generate into alternating current (AC) electricity, which you can use for your home. If the grid goes down, modern inverters prevent the electricity coming from solar panels from flowing through the grid. This protects workers making grid repairs during power outages. One kilowatt-hour (kWh) is the measurement of 1,000 watts of power consumption within one hour. This is based on the amount of solar energy you consume rather than produce. Meters measure the amount of power you produce, send to the grid and use in your home or business. Digital meters can track both inward- and outward-flowing energy from your solar panel system to the grid. A micro-inverter is a system containing multiple inverters, with one designated for each solar panel. With conventional or string inverters, if one panel goes out, the entire solar panel system goes out, or the system’s overall performance drops to the lowest-performing panel. However, with micro-inverters, each panel functions independently, which enables panel-leveling monitoring. Monitoring systems are devices that provide information about your solar panel and energy storage systems. They display the amount of energy you use, how much energy is left in your battery and electricity rates at different times of day. Monocrystalline silicon is a type of silicon that manufacturers use to make solar panels. Solar panels made with monocrystalline silicon have solar cells that have only one silicon crystal per cell. These panels are more expensive to purchase and complex to manufacture compared to polycrystalline panels, but they are also more energy- and space-efficient. Net metering is a program that local utility companies offer. It allows solar panel system owners to send their excess energy to the grid in return for solar credits. They can use these credits to purchase electricity from the utility if their panels didn’t generate enough power during the day, their battery ran out of stored power or they want to take advantage of low electricity rates. Photovoltaic effect refers to the process of a solar cell generating electricity from the sunlight it absorbs. More specifically, it refers to the electrical current that a conductor (a solar cell) creates after the sun’s rays (e.g., sunlight, light, photons) strike it. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel discovered this process in 1839 while studying the electrical effects of two electrodes dipped in electrolytes. Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon that manufacturers use to make solar panels. Polycrystalline solar panels comprise solar cells that contain numerous melted-together silicon fragments. These panels are simpler and more cost-effective to manufacture than monocrystalline panels, but they are also less energy- and space-efficient. PTO stands for permission to operate. Your utility company typically grants PTO only after a professional company installs your solar panels. So, as long as your solar panel system meets your utility’s requirements, it’ll then grant you PTO. In other words, with PTO, your solar panels can start generating power for your home or business. PV stands for photovoltaic. This is the term people use to describe solar PV panels (i.e., solar panels). The root word “photo” refers to light, and the root word “volt” refers to electric potential. When you combine the two root words — photovoltaic — the term represents the electric potential of sunlight (i.e., solar power potential). Racking and Mounting Racking and mounting are the methods installers use to fasten solar panels to a roof, a wall or the ground. Installers use flashings and clamps to arrange and secure solar panels along horizontal rails. Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) are also known as solar energy credits, green tags and green energy certificates. They are tradable and represent one megawatt-hour (mWh) of electricity generated from a renewable source. Not all utility companies accept or offer RECs, so checking your local energy provider’s solar rebates and incentives is vital. Silicon is the element that makes up solar cells. It’s the ideal material for solar cells (which are in solar panels) because it reacts with photons from sunlight, which then produces power from electrons. A solar battery is an energy storage device. You can store any excess solar energy that your panels produce in a solar battery and use the energy when needed later. Solar batteries are especially great to have if your region is prone to power outages, your utility offers a net metering program or your panels consistently produce more energy than you need due to an abundance of sunlight. Solar energy is a type of renewable energy that’s generated by the sun and measured in kilowatts (KW) rather than kilowatt-hours (kWh). This is because it isn’t usable for a home or business until converted. Solar energy is produced when nuclear fusion takes place between radiant light and heat. Fusion occurs when hydrogen atoms and protons collide in the sun’s core, and then fuse to create a helium atom. A range of modern technologies are used to harness solar energy. For example, solar panels absorb solar energy to generate electricity in the form of solar power. A solar inverter is a device that converts the solar energy your panels generate into usable energy for your home or business. If you don’t use the converted energy for your own power needs, you can send it to the grid or store it in a backup power solution, such as a Tesla Powerwall. Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) The solar investment tax credit (ITC) is a federal incentive that allows home and business owners to apply for credits when filing income taxes. The solar ITC is currently 30%, which goes toward the total purchase and installation costs of your solar panel system. Solar panels are also known as solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, which convert the energy the sun generates into electricity. They do this by absorbing photons from sunlight through a material called silicon (which most panels are made of) and creating electricity voltage. Check out this article to learn more: How Solar Power Works. Solar Panel Warranty A solar panel warranty enables home and business owners to protect their purchase from manufacturing defects, weather damage (such as from hurricanes), environmental issues, reduced performance due to age or general wear and more. Freedom Solar offers a 25-year warranty covering the product’s various equipment pieces, its performance and any potentially necessary workmanship. Solar power is produced when harnessing solar energy from the sun and is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) rather than kilowatts (KW). This is because KW energy is direct current (DC) energy, and isn’t usable for a home or business until it’s converted to alternating current (AC) energy (or kWh). For electricity, the solar photovoltaic (PV) cells that make up solar panels will absorb sunlight to generate electrical energy — this is one form of solar power. For heat (or thermal energy), solar energy is harnessed in a more direct way without the use of solar PV cells and panels. STC stands for Standard Test Conditions. STC are the set of laboratory conditions under which manufacturers test solar modules. Solar panel manufacturers use STC to ensure they can sell, mount and use photovoltaic (PV) panels with similar energy outputs together in a system. A string inverter is a device used with solar panels arrays to convert direct current (DC) electrical energy to alternating current (AC) electrical energy. String inverters are connected to each separate panel in an array, forcing the overall performance of your system to be equal to the worst performing panel. And since energy is converted at the end of each row of panels, there is more voltage transferring across your roof, which leads to a higher fire hazard risk. String inverters are cheaper than micro-inverters because less equipment is required, however, the long-term costs outweigh the immediate financial benefits. Sun Number Score A company called Sun Number created the Sun Number Score. The concept is meant to bring awareness to the solar potential of your home or business building. The score considers several factors, such as the region you’re located, your roof’s slope and orientation, and much more. Scores range from 0 to 100 — and the higher your score is, the better. Tier 1 Solar Panels Tier 1 solar panels are built with higher standards in order to last longer and produce more solar power (Tier 1 panels are more efficient than Tier 2 panels). For this reason, they’re more expensive than Tier 2 solar panels. SunPower, for example, is one example of a company that manufactures Tier 1 solar panels. Tier 1 manufacturers have typically been in the solar industry for at least five years, and make up the top 2% of solar manufacturers. Tier 2 Solar Panels Tier 2 solar panels are less expensive than Tier 1 panels, but are less efficient at producing solar power. Tier 2 panels have more reports of defects because the companies that produce them have less experience in the solar industry and manufacturing process. Watt and Kilowatt (KW) A watt (W) is a measurement of energy, being one unit of power. One kilowatt (KW) equals 1,000 watts.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://freedomsolarpower.com/glossary

2024-04-13T20:08:29Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Commonly known as the happiness hormone serotonin It’s all about how you feel. The balanced release of serotonin can make you feel relaxed, rational, and calm. We feel depressed if our levels of serotonin are too high or too low. Depressed, moody, anxious, depressed or lacking energy.. To tolerate these fluctuations in serotonin, we may find ourselves attacking sweets… Factors that can cause low levels of serotonin 1. Sleep disorders A lack of a balanced and adequate sleep cycle can lead to a decrease in serotonin levels. Our sleep cycle is controlled by melatonin, the main hormone. Serotonin can affect the function of the hormone melatonin. This is best illustrated by people with depression. Depressed people often experience sleep problems and may have a serotonin deficit. This is also possible because these hormones are interconnected. Quality sleep. 2. Stressful lifestyle The stress level Every person is different. Stress tolerance is determined by individual differences. One person can’t stand a situation the other can laugh at. The person who is struggling with extreme serotonin levels will drop to this point. life stress It is still lower than it should be. People with diabetes have a lower chance of getting high blood pressure. stressful lifestyle need stress management. 3. Applying restrictive diets People who are able to If someone is on a restricted diet and has to eat less, their serotonin levels may be lower than those who are healthy. These diets can increase interest in forbidden foods and diet culture.. Because the person cannot Eat enough to be healthy and balanced.His energy will drop. Consequently, think about Losing weight and dietingYou should design a diet that is suitable for your lifestyle for the rest of your life. 4. Insufficient daylight Imagine how you feel when it is cold, cloudy or rainy. You may have heard the phrase “Gloomy Weather”? Seasonal Affective Disease? We must get enough sunlight into our bodies, just as we eat when hungry. A signal is sent to your brain when sunlight reaches the eye. This is how serotonin secretion increases with more sunlight. This is why it’s important to get outside, even if you’re not at home. Your curtains and windows can be opened Get up as soon as possible! 5. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Our serotonin levels drop due to hormonal changes during the PMS period. People who suffer from severe PMS have deficient serotonin levels. This is what causes our sweet cravings during PMS. 6. Not exercising Exercise is often seen as a way to improve your health. weight loss tool. If exercise is made a daily necessity (e.g. taking a shower), the standard of living will improve. Regular exercise is a great way to improve your quality of life. Mental health is important and can contribute to physical fitness. health. You will notice a difference in your health if you add a form of exercise that you enjoy to your daily routine. 7. Personality trait We are all known for being rigid, impatient, perfectionists, quick-tempered, rigid, and overly ambitious. This can lead to higher stress levels. 8. Being part of the obese group According to some studies, people who are obese have lower levels serotonin. It is still unclear whether obesity is caused by low serotonin levels or a higher serotonin level.

<urn:uuid:2c2b0869-c7bb-4d13-a632-38190c7b6cd3>

CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://g4r.net/8-factors-that-cause-low-happiness-hormones-serotonin/

2024-04-13T19:12:54Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

If I ask everyone to count their five sense organs, almost everyone will answer yes. Although this would be accurate, it is incomplete. The five senses that we are most familiar with are sight, hearing and smell. These senses are important because they help us perceive the world. You might have seen babies exploring their surroundings with them. You may have seen them do some serious work like looking over the background and then putting everything in there mouths. These five senses are tools that allow us to explore our environment. Two other reasons have been mentioned frequently in recent years. They were not named until the 1900s. Interoception and proprioception are two examples. These are also known as the 6th or 7th senses. Proprioception can be described as the “feeling of knowing”. Perception of the body The possibility of it in outer space. The proprioceptive receptors within our muscles and joints allow us to avoid hitting anything while walking. We can also adjust our (socially) distance from other people. We can also move things without having to look at them. For example, picking up a glass on a table without looking at it. Pushing, pulling, and lifting an object are all possible without needing them. We use very little power. Interception is Awareness of inner space. Special nerve receptors allow us to see what is inside our bodies.It is possible to know when we’re hungry, full, thirsty, need to go to a bathroom, or when we are too tired to do the job. Imagine if we couldn’t… At the same time, our emotions have their counterparts in the physical body. These interceptive senses can help us notice the differences. Our muscles contract when we’re tense and our heart beats when excited. We blush when embarrassed. Seventh sense: our inner sage We don’t always have a Problem with the six first sensesMost people do not succeed in this interceptive sense. “How did you do that? feel?” This question is not always “good” or “bad.”. Many of us struggle to understand what we feel and the signals that our bodies give. We eat food without realizing we are hungry, and we often ignore our bodies’ needs (rest, sleep, etc.).Unconsciously, we suppress some sensations (e.g., not going to the toilet, suppressing our yawning). We don’t. We know what we want; even though we do, we don’t care.. This question is not something we are used to. Missuse of the seventh sense: Betrayal by the inner sage All this has led to what we now call prajnapradha Ayurveda is a misuse of the senses. It’s also a betrayal to the inner sage. It’s like sleeping when you’re not asleep. It takes a lot of time In front of the screen, eating when you are not hungry, delaying the bathroom, suppressing yawning, and burping. According to AyurvedaThis betrayal is one the main causes of disease. This is due to the weakness of our interception. That is, our awareness about the inner space. How can we increase our inner space awareness? You can increase your interceptive sensory ability by doing certain things. Meditation is one of many valuable and enjoyable ways to do this. Don’t think meditation is sitting around doing nothing, and then saying, “Oh no, I can’t.” This is a mistake. But you’re mistaken. Meditation is the best way to meditate Sitting while everything happens is a good practice. As you become aware You cross the threshold by being aware of the environment around you, your senses, your taste buds, your smells, your touch with the place where you are sitting. This is the Mind is not in control You control your mind; you are the one who controls you With your attention focusing on the inner space and these five senses, you will be able to notice the tightening of your stomach due to stress. You can also see the intensity of something that you cannot speak in your throat. You can reduce this tension. This tension can be decreased even now. You can strengthen your proprioceptive abilities by doing a Mindful body Yoga is a great way to improve your outlook on the world and yourself.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://g4r.net/what-is-the-seventh-sense-of-awareness-how-do-we-increase-our-inner-space-awareness/

2024-04-13T19:47:27Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Prepr #EduChallenge Panel Great things happen when you connect the unconnected. This is why I enjoy participating in hackathons, where developers, subject-matter experts, such as educators, designers, business gurus, entrepreneurs and other interested (and interesting) fellows co-create our future. In November 2014, Prepr invited creative minds from across the GTA to take on the #EduChallenge. The weekend-long hackathon started with a panel discussion hosted at the Mozilla Foundation. The intent was to provoke deep reflections and challenge the participants to transform education in Ontario. The panel was hosted by Jason Shim (Pathways to Education), featured Ruth Childs (OISE), Steve Tam (Indiegogo) and me. We could not have been a more diverse group: a university professor, non-profit sector leaders and a representative of the private sector. While we agreed on many points, we also had very different perspectives on others. Below are my takeaways from the event, as well as some thoughts on how technology influenced education in 2014. For more on #EduChallenge, view my recap on Storify. The challenge of teaching and learning with technology We all agreed that mobile devices have invaded the classrooms. Wi-Fi has become as important as water and electricity. Students can pull answers, data, facts and formulas “out of thin air.” That should sound exciting. Knowledge has somehow become a commodity, and sharing it has never been as easy. At the same time, it has never been so obvious that merely repeating factoids does not make us smarter. We still need to understand what it all means, and we still need to be able to explain this to others (and to make a reasonable argument). Put another way, teachers still need to teach. My belief is that educators have been challenged to change their teaching approach. If teachers focus on reasoning and sense-making instead of data (widely available in a variety of formats), then students might better understand why a particular subject matters for the rest of their lives. Students should also be encouraged to develop an inquisitive nature, questioning facts and opinions, and to make up their own mind. They have powerful tools, and they should use them. Why? Because in the “real world,” it will all be about becoming more productive. The promise of The Internet of Everything (IoE) Representing Cisco at the event, I was proud to hear our company receive high marks for predicting major technological disruptions and leading industry changes. Last year was an inflexion point, as suddenly everyone realized how connecting people, data, process, and things creates an enormous value (search your local store for connected thermostats, fitness bands, smart watches). What’s exciting for today’s entrepreneurs is that over the next 10 years, the Internet of Everything is expected to represent a $19 trillion dollar opportunity ($490 billion in Canada alone) and students graduating today can begin to tap into that right away! In addition, developers can join Cisco DevNet for free to find more than a hundred APIs to integrate their code with Cisco technologies, and forums to share best practices with more than 100,000 developers. The opportunities are endless for young, creative minds. Cloud-based sandboxes will be available early this year to speed up development (while saving on your Internet bill). Furthermore, our Toronto Innovation Centre for the Internet of Everything will open its doors in 2015 to Canadian entrepreneurs and innovators who want to leverage the network to claim their share of this new connected market. A fair number of their innovations will accelerate the transformation of the classroom (and campus), to make it more productive and delightful at the same time. The #EduChallenge panel had contrasting feelings about the impact of technology in our lives. Some feared that computers would predetermine our lives from an early age. (For example, you are assigned to be a farmer because the world needs farmers this year, how exciting is that?) But I stressed that technology is a tool we use to make our lives better and that education has a role to play in making sure we are aware of the boundaries of technology, including privacy and ethical issues. For example, the Smart Home project lead by Professor Keshav (the Cisco Canada Research Chair in Smart Grid) and his team at the University of Waterloo allows homeowners to control how much data they want to share with the public. The learning process, and the innovation process, has some twists and turns. Ruth Childs drove the point across that we should allow for failure to happen, and we should learn from it. Nolan Bushnell (founder of Atari and mentor to Steve Jobs), during his brief visit to Toronto last November, said that schools (and teachers) should foster three qualities in students: enthusiasm, entrepreneurship, and creativity. If we can develop a thirst for learning in our students, and basic skills to learn how to learn, what else do we need? I challenge educators and innovators to create delightful learning experiences for students. Share your ideas and progress in the comment section below

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://gblogs.cisco.com/ca/2015/01/16/prepr-educhallenge-panel/

2024-04-13T19:21:15Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Obviously, its parents had shells, and it inherited from them. But how did the mom and dad turtle get their shells? Obviously, their parents had shells and they inherited the shell from them! But how did …. OK, actually, this is complicated. Do you have a spare nine minutes and 11 seconds? The fossorial theory of turtle evolution, from PBS Digital Studios: Notice the different perspectives of the phylogenetic and the ontogenetic. That is part of the Tinbergean method. If you want to explore that more, see: Ebola Will Not Become Airborne And Here Is Why

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://gregladen.com/blog/2018/03/13/turtle-get-shell/

2024-04-13T19:48:57Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

More than a million U.S. school children are now enrolled in districts that have rolled out or are in the process of rolling out Social Emotional Learning (also sometimes called “whole child” learning). Austin happens to be an early adopter of this kind of learning, and I had an incredible opportunity last week to visit a freshman seminar class at Austin High School, one of the school’s many classes focused on social-emotional learning strategies. The SEL embrace is mostly due to a Chicago-based nonprofit research and policy organization called CASEL (the Collaborative for Academic Social and Emotional Learning). The aim is to comprehensively weave social-emotional learning into the very fabric of early-adopting school districts and each elementary, middle and high school. It’s hard to overstate the potential impact of SEL. A 2011 meta-analysis in the journal Child Development showed an 11 percentile gain in academic achievement for students who participated in a properly implemented SEL program versus students who didn’t participate in SEL. And a 2015 study in the Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis demonstrated a roughly $11 benefit for every $1 spent on a rigorous SEL program. It’s worth noting, too, that this research suggests SEL works in suburban, urban and rural school settings (though researchers didn’t look at as many rural settings). There’s a misconception that SEL includes “just anything nice.” A new approach to teaching Not quite. SEL is a systematic approach to teaching kids how to understand and manage emotions, achieve goals, feel and show empathy for others, maintain relationships and make responsible decisions. Another misconception is that SEL is somehow only for troubled kids, which is sort of like saying healthy eating and exercise are only for overweight people. Nope. They’re good for everyone, though may be particularly powerful in certain circumstances. So many schools are interested in implementing SEL now because the research presents a convincing “value proposition.” After visiting Austin High, I wouldn’t have needed a lick of research to convince me of SEL’s value. Student ambassadors in Austin said what they learned with SEL was merely reinforcement of what their parents also model. But a handful of students confided that for various reasons – extreme poverty and serious health conditions in the family, for example – their parents couldn’t model ideal social-emotional skills. I was touched by how openly these students shared their stories. One young man choked up when he talked of how his mother had just suffered a second stroke and that being in his freshman seminar class was a saving grace. He’d learned how to be resilient, but also how to ask for support. Another young man said he’d been “generally mediocre” in school but learned how to calm down, focus and plan in SEL classes. He’s now the class valedictorian and is–believe it or not–heading off to Harvard in the fall. One student said his parents quit school in ninth grade and that he used to be the kid who got sent to the principal all the time. Now he’s graduating in the top 2 percent of his class and a half dozen colleges have already sent him acceptance letters. Austin High has slashed discipline referrals by half since implementing SEL. Teen pregnancy and drug use are down. Dropout rates have been reduced by 30 percent and the number of “freshmores” (kids in the second year of high school who have failed too many classes to be considered sophomores) went from 60 in 2010 to five in 2016. Principal Amy Taylor, who has worked in education for 21 years, said she’s never been more impressed: “I have yet to see the implementation of a philosophy as strong as SEL in the secondary schools.” Personally, I saw a major shift for my own son when he started attending a school in fourth grade that was SEL focused. Though our school wouldn’t be considered one that implemented a rigorous, evidence-based SEL curriculum by the standards of the researchers and other SEL advocates I’ve met recently, it has still been enough to make a difference in his life. I don’t need to imagine the possibilities when a child goes to a model SEL school, though–so many kids at Austin High showed me. Of course, not every kid will go to Harvard, or even go to college, just because his or her school focuses on social-emotional learning. But what I saw is essentially what most schools see when an SEL program is properly implemented: many more balanced, motivated kids. And there’s something that’s even more daunting than finding instructional minutes in an already tight day; it’s making sure the adults that surround kids– parents, teachers, administrators and school boards–also have better social-emotional skills. Climate and culture of the school is integral. With so much despair and divisiveness in the country right now, SEL feels like nothing short of a beacon of hope. As one teacher told me, SEL might lead to higher test scores but the most important thing is that it also might mean a better world with less hate for future generations. Photos of Austin High SEL-dedicated teachers Leslie Oduwole and Keeth Matheny by Austin High student Abby Affle. Latest posts by Victoria Clayton (see all) - How this mom learned how to embrace the next big thing: Personalized learning - October 29, 2017 - My Manifesto Against ‘Summer Slide’ - August 18, 2017 - Why suburban CA parents don’t want their “family donations” given to other schools - June 10, 2017

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Find Relief: Effective Treatments for Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a common condition that can lead to various dental issues and discomfort. If you are experiencing teeth grinding, it is essential to find effective treatments to alleviate the symptoms and protect your oral health. Causes of Teeth Grinding Teeth grinding can be caused by various factors, including stress, anxiety, misaligned teeth, or sleep disorders. It is essential to identify the underlying cause of your bruxism to determine the most effective treatment. Effective Treatments for Teeth Grinding There are several treatments available to help manage teeth grinding and prevent further damage to your teeth. Some effective treatments include: - Custom Mouthguards: A custom-fitted mouthguard can help protect your teeth from grinding during sleep. - Stress Management Techniques: Practicing stress management techniques such as yoga or meditation can help reduce teeth grinding caused by stress and anxiety. - Dental Correction: In some cases, dental correction procedures may be necessary to align your teeth properly and reduce grinding. - Medication: In severe cases, your dentist may prescribe muscle relaxants to help control teeth grinding. It is essential to consult with your dentist to determine the best treatment option for your specific condition. Q: How can I tell if I have bruxism? A: Common signs of bruxism include jaw pain, headaches, tooth sensitivity, and worn-down teeth. If you suspect you have bruxism, consult with your dentist for a proper diagnosis. Q: Can children experience teeth grinding? A: Yes, children can also experience teeth grinding, especially during periods of stress or dental development. It is essential to monitor your child’s oral health and consult with a pediatric dentist if you suspect bruxism. Q: Are there natural remedies for teeth grinding? A: Some natural remedies for teeth grinding include stress management techniques, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed, and practicing relaxation exercises. However, it is essential to consult with your dentist for personalized treatment recommendations. For more information on effective treatments for teeth grinding, please visit here.

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What is a pneumothorax? A pneumothorax is the entry of air into the space around the lungs (pleural space) and can cause lung collapse. Naturally, pneumothorax affects breathing and can even cause severe respiratory distress. The lungs are surrounded by a thin membrane called the pleura that delimits a space (pleural space) in which the pressure is lower than inside the lung. This helps the lung expand when we breathe. If there is air in this space, the pressure changes and makes it more difficult to expand the lung and therefore breathe. A partial or total collapse of the lung can occur, making breathing very difficult or impossible. The origin of this air in the pleural space can be from the lung itself or from outside, usually due to trauma. Mainly, pneumothorax manifests with breathing difficulties and severe pain in the chest. Although, sometimes, it does not require treatment, in others it can constitute a medical emergency that requires the filtered air to be drained immediately, therefore, in the face of these symptoms, you should go to the emergency room to treat it as soon as possible and avoid its aggravation. How does a pneumothorax occur? Depending on the cause that originates it, a pneumothorax can be: - Spontaneous. There is no apparent cause. It is divided into: - Primary or juvenile: it occurs in patients without prior known lung disease. It is usually caused by the rupture of small air blisters called bullae, which can appear in the lungs. When they break, the air contained in them passes into the pleural cavity, causing the pneumothorax. It is more common in men between the ages of 20 and 40 and, usually, smokers. - Secondary: appears in people who already have a previous lung disease such as asthma , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , cystic fibrosis , tuberculosis , whooping cough and, in some cases, pneumonia . In these cases, the rupture of the bullae causes the pneumothorax, as in the primary one, but the previous pulmonary disease can aggravate the picture. - Traumatic: caused by trauma or injury to the chest. It can be open, the consequence of a penetrating wound to the chest -caused, for example, with a weapon or penetration of an object in an accident-, or closed, usually caused by a fracture, a ruptured bronchial tube or an injury to the esophagus but it can also be caused by sudden pressure changes (for example, in divers). - Related to mechanical ventilation (barotrauma): the respirator can injure the lungs from the pressure they exert. In this case, the organ can completely collapse. Unintentional trauma can also occur that induces a pneumothorax in certain medical or surgical procedures, such as performing a bronchoscopy or placement of catheters in nearby areas. In these cases, it is called iatrogenic traumatic pneumothorax. - Catamenial: it is an extremely rare form of pneumothorax and appears in women with endometriosis , recurrently and coinciding with the 72 hours prior to menstruation. Symptoms of pneumothorax Symptoms of pneumothorax vary based on factors such as the amount of air that has leaked into the pleural space, the extent of the lungs affected, and the person’s lung function before the pneumothorax. It may also happen that there are no symptoms. According to the University of Navarra Clinic, this is what happens in 5% and 10% of cases. If there are, the most frequent are acute pain in the chest, which begins abruptly, and difficulty breathing -dyspnea-, which, in turn, causes nasal flaring . Pain in the shoulder, neck, or abdomen may also be felt . In fact, pneumothorax can be mistaken for a heart attack. In people with previous lung disease, dyspnea can be severe. Other possible symptoms are bluish discoloration of the skin, tightness of the chest, dry cough , expectoration with blood, dizziness and lightheadedness, noise in the chest when breathing and fast heart rate. In the most severe cases, shock and total lung collapse can occur, leading to profound hypoxia due to lack of oxygenation of the blood and this can lead to heart failure. How can a pneumothorax be cured? We must bear in mind that a pneumothorax is always a medical emergency. In many cases, if the affected part of the lung is small and there are no associated pathologies, medical treatment may not even be necessary, but only observation, but, in other cases, the pneumothorax can progress and oppress the other lung and the heart, so a quick diagnosis is crucial. In mild cases, symptoms generally disappear as the lung reabsorbs air from the pleural space and gradually expands again. This process, which usually takes two to four weeks, requires only medical supervision and sometimes a temporary supply of oxygen through the nose or a face mask. If the affected lung area is more extensive, it is necessary to suck the air out of the pleural space in order to relieve the pressure in the lung, so that it can expand again. This procedure can only be performed by properly trained or medical professionals and can be performed with a large needle attached to a plastic catheter that is inserted into the chest or by inserting a chest tube. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to close the air leak, which is usually done with very minimally invasive surgery, in which a flexible tube with a chamber is inserted into the pleural cavity. If the air leaks are large or multiple, a larger incision between the ribs may be necessary to allow better access, although this rarely happens. Depending on the cause of the pneumothorax, treatment may also seek to prevent its recurrence, since some conditions can lead to recurrent pneumothorax (for example, COPD ). In the case of smokers who have suffered from this problem, it is essential that they quit the habit. Who can suffer it? There are some risk factors that predispose to developing a pneumothorax: men are more likely than women (6: 1), as are people who smoke or who have already suffered a previous pneumothorax. In fact, primary pneumothorax has increased in incidence in recent years – and at increasingly younger ages – which seems to be related to smoking. Likewise, genetics can increase the risk , since some types of pneumothorax can be inherited In the case of spontaneous pneumothorax, as mentioned above, the probability of suffering it increases in men between 20 and 40 years of age, tall and thin. Similarly, having previous lung diseases such as COPD or pulmonary fibrosis or needing mechanical ventilation are also risk factors. So are certain professions in which there are sudden pressure changes, such as divers. On the other hand, regarding the incidence of this disorder, there are few epidemiological data on pneumothorax, but figures of between 2 to 18 / 100,000 are estimated for spontaneous pneumothorax, while the figures vary greatly in those of origin traumatic (closely related to the incidence of stab or firearm injuries and automobile accidents).

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Top things to know The clitoris is located above the vaginal opening It is the most sensitive feel-good zone of the body You can only see a small part of the clitoris—the majority of it is internal! For women and people with vaginas, orgasms most commonly come from the clitoris, located above the vaginal opening and urethra (1, 2). The clitoris is the primary source of female sexual pleasure (2, 3). The clitoris is one of many feel-good areas (erogenous zones) Erogenous zones are areas of the body that elicit a sexual response when stimulated. This can include the genital area, nipples, or anywhere, really—whatever you’re into. The clitoris is one of the most sensitive erogenous zones due to its high concentration of nerve endings (3, 4). By stimulating an erogenous zone, a sexual physiological response can be set into motion. The clitoris is part of the vulva, the name for the external parts of female genitalia. The vagina is the tube connecting the vulva and the cervix. Here is a diagram of a vulva: Stimulation of the clitoris can be applied directly, internally (through the vagina), and/or through stimulation of the other parts of the vulva. Many people with vaginas—despite perhaps enjoying and getting excited from penetrative sex—don’t always orgasm from intercourse. Direct stimulation to the glans clitoris or clitoral hood is usually needed for the final push to reach orgasm (1). Where is the clitoris? Let's look at the anatomy. What are the external parts of the clitoris? The glans clitoris is the name of the external part of the clitoris—the part that most people call the “clitoris.” It is about the size of a pea and is located above the urethra. Because the glans is the area of the clitoris with the most amount of nerves, it’s extremely sensitive to touch (4, 5). Unlike the rest of the clitoris, the glans does not swell or grow during the sexual response, as it does not contain erectile (expandable) tissue (4). Just above or on top of the glans is the clitoral hood, which is formed by the two sides of the connecting labia minora (4). Clitoral hoods can vary in size and degree of coverage from person to person (6). What are the internal parts of the clitoris? The majority of the clitoris is not typically visible. Connected to the glans clitoris is the body of the clitoris. The clitoral body projects upwards into your pelvis, and attaches via ligaments to your pubic bone. From the body (located in front of the urethra), the clitoris splits in half to form the paired crura (these are like the “legs” of the clitoris), and vestibular bulbs (1, 3, 4). These bulbs extend through and behind the labia, passing by the urethra, vaginal canal, and towards the anus (3, 4). The bulbs and crura contain erectile tissue that swells with blood during sexual arousal. By swelling on either side of the vaginal canal, they increase lubrication in the vagina, while increasing sexual stimulation and sensation (4, 7). This expansion of clitoral tissue can also cause pressure to be applied to the anterior of the vaginal canal (4). How to stimulate the clitoris Every person is different and has different sexual erogenous zones, desires, and turn-ons. We cannot stress this enough! There is no “one best way” to stimulate the clitoris—you’ll need to do some experimenting. That being said, here are some tips to help you and your partner get off. 1. Set the mood. Be in a place in which you feel comfortable. If you are with a partner, setting the mood could involve kissing, foreplay, and exploring each other’s bodies. Remember, use protection if you are having sex that could result in pregnancy or transmit STIs. If you are flying solo, feel free to get comfortable with any other erogenous zones of your body (like your nipples). Don’t forget your mind—if you want and aren’t feeling particularly turned on by your imagination, you can also get your head in the game with some porn or sexy literature. 2. Introduce yourself to the area close to the clitoris. Use whatever you like: your fingers, your partner's fingers or mouth/tongue, or another (clean) object like a sex toy. You can also try using a shower head, vibrator, or even the friction of your underwear against something, like a pillow. Once you feel comfortable with the area around the clitoris and are ready, it’s time to directly stimulate the clitoris. 3. Starting gently and softly, touch or stroke the clitoris. The clitoris is not just a magic button, so simply pressing it (for most people) won’t instantly produce an orgasm. Don’t pretend to be a DJ either by forcefully scratching it back and forth—nobody likes that. 4. Take your time. It’s a small area and may seem daunting at first. “How can I be creative enough to stimulate such a tiny area of skin?” Listen to your body, or your partner, and get feedback on what feels good. You could try gentle back and forth motions, small circular motions, or even a light tap. Engage the clitoral hood too—remember, it also has nerve endings, and the body of the clitoris curves back behind it, before becoming buried inside your pelvis. Check in with yourself or your partner—does this feel good? 5. You can start experimenting with pressure, speed, body parts (like tongues if you are with a partner), toys, or vibration. 6. Consider adding some personal lubricant to the mix. We're big fans of lube. 7. You can also try stimulating the clitoris from the inside using a penis, sex toy, or fingers. Not everyone will be able to be stimulated or even reach orgasm the first time, or every time, they have sex or masturbate—and that’s okay. The only real important thing is that you enjoy yourself. If you aren’t having fun, don’t do it. What does research about the clitoris tell us about the G-spot? The clitoris—both its anatomy and function—is a hotly debated topic (1, 7). Taboos discussing women’s sexuality and pleasure have contributed to the lack of research in these areas. But as taboos are broken, more research will hopefully provide further clarity in understanding the clitoris. The existence or function of the G-spot is not 100 percent clear. Some research claims it could be associated with female ejaculation (also known as “squirting”) (9, 10, 13). Other researchers suggest that the G-spot isn’t necessarily an actual physical entity, but instead the place where the sides of the vestibular bulbs of the clitoris make contact with the anterior wall of the vagina (11). This suggests that a “vaginal orgasm” may actually still be connected to the clitoris—each thrust during penetrative vaginal intercourse or contraction of the pelvic muscles—can stimulate the clitoris (1, 2, 11). Your clitoris can be big or small, there is no "right" size The external part of the clitoris, the glans clitoris, as well as the clitoral hood, can vary greatly from person to person. Exposure to androgens can cause the clitoris to enlarge during any life stage, including during development in the womb, during childhood, and during adulthood (11, 14). The clitoris and the penis—a shared beginning The penis and the clitoris are related in structure to one another. In fact, they actually originate from the same developmental tissue (4). At eight weeks of fetal development, the Y chromosome on male DNA will activate the differentiation of the genital tissue to develop into a penis, instead of a clitoris (3-5). Many of the parts of the clitoris are similar to that of the penis, but differ in shape and size, and are located in different places. Is the clitoris a small penis—or the penis a giant clitoris? Everybody reaches orgasm differently. Experimenting with masturbation or sex positions—and having patience—can help you figure out what works best for you. This article was originally published Feb. 22, 2018.

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Understanding body composition plays a pivotal role in the quest for a healthier lifestyle. Among the various metrics used to assess body composition, body fat percentage is a crucial indicator of overall health and fitness. In this article, we’ll explore the significance of body fat percentage, its impact on health, and how FitBudd can aid in monitoring and managing this critical metric. What is Body Fat Percentage? Body fat percentage is the proportion of fat tissue in total body weight. While some body fat is essential for various physiological functions, excess fat can lead. Monitoring body fat percentage provides insight into overall health and fitness levels beyond tracking body weight. Importance of Monitoring Body Fat Percentage Unlike the traditional scale, which only measures total body weight, tracking body fat percentage offers a more comprehensive view of one’s body composition. For instance, two individuals with the same weight can have vastly different body compositions, with one having a higher percentage of muscle mass and the other carrying more fat. Understanding body fat percentage is crucial for improving fitness, losing weight, or building muscle. By tracking changes in body fat percentage over time, individuals can assess the effectiveness of their diet and exercise routines, making adjustments as necessary to achieve their health and fitness goals. The Role of FitBudd in Monitoring Body Fat Percentage FitBudd is a comprehensive fitness platform that offers various tools and resources to help individuals track and improve their health and fitness. One of its standout features is the body fat percentage calculator, which gives users a quick and convenient way to estimate their body fat percentage based on age, gender, height, and weight. By utilizing FitBudd‘s body fat percentage calculator, users can gain valuable insights into their body composition and track changes over time. This helps individuals set realistic fitness goals, diet, and exercise habits. How to Calculate Body Fat Percentage with FitBudd Calculating body fat percentage with FitBudd is simple. Users can access the body fat percentage calculator tool on the FitBudd website or mobile app. From there, they input relevant information, such as estimates of their body fat percentage. FitBudd also offers additional resources and guidance on interpreting body fat percentage results and incorporating them into a comprehensive fitness plan. Whether you aim to lose weight, build muscle, or improve overall health, tracking body fat percentage with FitBudd can be a valuable tool in your wellness journey. In conclusion, understanding body composition, particularly body fat percentage, is essential for maintaining optimal health and fitness. By monitoring changes in body fat percentage over time, individuals can gain valuable insights into their overall health and make informed decisions regarding their diet and exercise habits. FitBudd’s body fat percentage calculator offers a convenient way to track this critical metric of fitness and well-being. Whether you’re a seasoned athlete or just starting your fitness journey, incorporating body fat percentage monitoring with FitBudd can help you achieve your health and fitness goals more effectively.

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Anthropological Case Studies are ethnographies that have been gathered by participant observation over long periods of involvement with a community, using both emic and etic perspectives: An ”emic” account is a description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture. Almost anything from within a culture can provide an emic account. An ”etic” account is a description of a behavior or belief by an observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is, an etic account attempts to be ’culturally neutral’. (https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Emic_and_etic.html) Etic accounts are viewed through Cultural Relativism: ethical behavior in culture-specific settings. What to do: Compare and contrast two case studies we have looked at so far this semester. The point of the exercise is for you to demonstrate an understanding of how these different practices from the past and/or from the present serve social needs in different cultures around the world. Give emic perspectives for both sides and your personal (etic) perspective on the practices as a whole. Choose one of the following sets of Case Studies for this assignment: A) Different approaches: Shamanistic use of hallucinogens vs. recreational drug use How to do it: 1) Introduce your two examples clearly by name, location and timeframe. Write a solid thesis statement that encapsulates the intention of this essay and place it at the end of your first paragraph. 2) Discuss the process and function of change in religious practices/belief structures/healing systems. What changes occur in a traditional culture when a new belief system is imposed or assimilated? What changes occur in the new belief system in response to accommodating or changing the old? What were/are the intended and/or unexpected results from these changes? 3) Using specific examples from your chosen case studies, discuss the implied or stated ethical problems, behaviors and long-term outcomes of the case studies you are comparing. a) first and last names, date and topic in upper left corner (nothing else). a) typed, 12-point font, in English c) 1-inch margins top/bottom and left/right sides d) proof-read and spell-checked for grammar, spelling and punctuation e) two full pages of text minimum, maximum three pages Currently 2 writers are viewing this order PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH BEST NURSING TUTORS TODAY AND GET AN AMAZING DISCOUNT The post Compare and contrast two case studies we have looked at so far this semester. appeared first on BEST NURSING TUTORS .

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Recently, the issue of conducting research on human embryonic stem cells (hESC), human fetal stem cells (hFSC), and human fetal tissue has been coming up more frequently in the media and in politics. The issue is two-fold: is research using such human material ethical, and should government funds be allocated to such research? People on one side of this issue argue this practice is necessary for scientific advancement, will benefit vast numbers of people by developing treatments for various diseases, and is ethical because no valuable human is being harmed in this research. Therefore, federal and/or state funds should be allocated for such research (i.e., through grants or awards). On the other side of the spectrum, people argue that similar research can be carried out with adult stem cells or fetal stem cells from cord blood, that many people are already benefiting from treatments resulting from adult stem cells, that human embryonic and fetal stem cell and tissue research is unethical because it requires the killing of a living human being, and that such research should be completely illegal and/or unfunded by the government. Which side is right? How can we, as a society, conduct research which is both ethical and has the opportunity to help many people? Let’s start with some scientific and research basics in order to explore this issue. Stem cells are cells which can give rise to many different types of cells and are able to replicate infinitely (or for a very long time). Besides being labeled according to which stage of life they are present in— embryonic, fetal, or adult— they can also be labeled according to how flexible their ability is to give rise to different cells. Embryonic stem cells can be totipotent or pluripotent, depending on the specific embryonic stage of development. Totipotent stem cells are those which can give rise to a whole human organism. A zygote is the first of the embryonic stages of human development and is formed from the union of a sperm and an egg cell. The human zygote consists of totipotent stem cells. After approximately four days, the totipotent stem cells differentiate into two cell layers, inner and outer. A human at this stage of embryonic development is referred to as a blastocyst. A human blastocyst’s inner layer of cells are pluripotent. Each pluripotent stem cell can go on to form any cell type in the developing human body. The main difference between pluripotent and totipotent stem cells is that pluripotent cells can give rise to any cell type, but they cannot give rise to a whole human organism. Compared to hESCs, hFSCs are relative newcomers to the scene of stem cells. A human fetus has large numbers of stem cells in all major body organs. However, fetal stem cells are also found in extra-fetal tissue, such as amniotic fluid, the placenta, umbilical cord, and other tissues. Depending on where the fetal stem cells are taken from, they may be multipotent or pluripotent. The problem with research using hFSCs is that they may come from a dead human fetus. Some research requires whole organs or parts of organs from human fetuses instead of only the stem cells. Adult stem cells are in most, if not all, organs of the body and are considered multipotent stem cells. These stem cells can differentiate into many different specialized cells but only within a certain type, like blood cells (white, red, etc.) or brain cells (neurons, glia, etc.). However, adult stem cells can be induced back into a state of pluripotency (human induced pluripotent stem cells, hIPSCs) and can be directly manipulated to convert to another cell type (known as transdifferentiation). For hESCs to be used in research, a human embryo is grown to the blastocyst stage in the lab (usually from IVF embryos donated or no longer wanted), and the pluripotent cells from the inner layer of a human blastocyst must be taken and essentially spread out and grown into colonies of cells, spread out and grown again, with the process repeating until the cell colonies can be screened for stem cells. To date, no hESC has been made which did not first come from a living human embryo. Therefore, all hESC research necessarily kills a human in the first few days of their life, which is why pro-life people generally oppose hESC research. hFSCs can be procured from the umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, etc. of miscarried, stillborn, live born, or aborted human fetuses. Closely related, human fetal tissue can also be used from miscarried, stillborn, or aborted human fetuses. Abortion is generally the greatest contribution to human fetal tissue research, since abortion is planned ahead of time, and once donation is consented to, the abortionist can have the proper equipment ready at the time of the abortion to preserve the fetal body or organs until they reach the researcher. In fact, in a letter to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar, the composers made the statement, “Tissue from spontaneous abortions cannot replace tissue from elective abortions. Tissue from spontaneous abortions is not a suitable or reliable substitute for tissue from elective abortions. Spontaneous abortions, commonly called miscarriages, often result from profound genetic defects, developmental abnormalities, or other conditions that undermine the usefulness of the tissue for research. Additionally, spontaneous abortions generally do not occur in settings where the tissue can be adequately preserved for research.” As an earlier article I wrote pointed out, the federal government funds millions of dollars’ worth of research involving fetal tissue, most of which comes from aborted humans who may be as old as 24 weeks (and quite viable outside the womb) when aborted. Though with the recent HHS announcement, federal funding seems to be at a stand-still for future research involving the use of fetal tissue. Now that those basics are out of the way, we can start exploring the ethical issues of such research. Questions relevant to many people for this issue are: - Does hESC, hFSC, and human fetal tissue research save lives? - Does this research have the greatest potential to find cures compared to other research methods/materials? - Are there any other alternative research material and methods which could be used? - Will scientific advancement on disease cures stall if this research is defunded or made illegal? These are fair questions to ask. The lay citizen who is paying taxes which may be used to fund these projects, the scientist who may be invested in these projects or generally concerned with the direction the field is going, the government officials we elect to represent us who are making the budgets, the sick people who would benefit from a new treatment or cure — all these people and more have a legitimate interest in addressing the topic of using these materials in research and the methods of procuring them. Ultimately, what these questions and others like them boil down to is this: even if we concede a young, living human being is directly and intentionally killed for this type of research, do the (potential) benefits of such research outweigh this fact? Let’s look at some of the research being done with the different types of human stem cells and human fetal tissue. News outlets, journals, magazines, and some scientists state there are some questions which can only be answered by using human fetal tissue or hESCs, and there are no alternatives which can be realistically used to get similar or better results. Under NIH funding, HIV/AIDS research had the most projects using humanized mice — mice which have human-like immune systems due to human fetal tissue transplants — in the 2014 fiscal year. Embryonic and fetal development and diseases or conditions affecting people starting early during in-utero development can also only be tested using hESCs or fetal tissue, some argue. Additionally, viral infection and brain or spinal cord-related injuries are being studied using hESCs. Recently, for example, hESCs from a cell line established from the stem cells of the spinal cord of an electively terminated 8-week-old human fetus have been used in a pre-clinical trial to test the effects of hESCs on spinal injuries. Other cell types from aborted embryonic and fetal humans have been procured to study brain and spinal injuries in animals and humans. Currently, however, hESCs have yielded no disease cures; even the NIH reluctantly admits this point by not listing any diseases being treated with hESCs. On the other hand, adult stem cells and hIPSCs have already provided treatments for diseases and injuries, such as spinal injuries, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and over 70 more conditions. Adult stem cells are actually much more plastic than originally believed, with more potential for pluripotency like hESCs. Because of this, adult stem cells may be able to be used instead of hESCs. They have the added benefit of coming from the patient who needs them, reducing the chances of rejection by the body and increasing research into specific disease states. Additionally, adult cells can be forced into a state of pluripotency to function just like hESCs. In fact, research has been done to show genetically matched hESCs and hIPSCs are functionally exactly the same. This eliminates the need to destroy young living humans for research purposes. Alternatives to fetal tissue research are also available, despite what some scientists say. The fact is, using fetal tissue has been one of the earliest ways to make humanized mouse models, and, since it has been around so long, it is the method most frequently used by scientists and the method which scientists are hesitant to get away from. It’s the status quo. Scientists can also easily procure fetal tissue from electively aborted human fetuses by going through a third-party vendor instead of having to establish “their own protocol for patient consent, tissue procurement, and storage.” In reality, humanized mice do not need to be made using fetal tissue from elective abortions. In fact, humanized mice made from other methods are easier and cheaper to use, as well as more efficient since more longer-living mice can be made with a single sample. Making humanized mice from only human blood stem cells — like from the umbilical cord — gives comparable research results to humanized mice made from both human fetal thymus and blood stem cells. Essentially, while the alternatives to using fetal tissue from elective abortions to make humanized mice are feasible and may be more efficient and cheaper in the long run, the process to procure samples from live births, still births, or miscarriages may be difficult to set up, and specific blood and tissue samples may be harder or more inconvenient to obtain. The ethical arguments concerning research using hESCs, hFSCs, and/or human fetal tissue hinge on whether or not a living human being is killed for research purposes. If no living human is being killed, then there is no good reason why none of these materials should be able to be used to conduct basic research or be used in treatment trials, especially since the research could be potentially life-saving. But if a living human being is being killed, then the use of these materials needs to be defunded and stopped immediately. Ending the life of an innocent human being for the possibility of good outcomes in the future is not a justifiable reason to kill humans: i.e., the end does not justify the means. The fact is, for hESC research, the cells are being taken from living human beings to be used directly or to start a cell line from which cells can be grown to use over and over again. Living human embryos produced by IVF or by cloning techniques (somatic cell nuclear transfer) are killed in the process of removing the pluripotent stem cells from the inner layer of the blastocyst (a young human embryo). Over 300 embryonic stem cell lines have been established from blastocysts and are used the majority of the time in hESC research (so no killing of additional human embryos is involved). While the issue of using hESCs from an already-established cell line may be more of a gray area with pro-life people, the issue of directly killing a young, living human organism, whether for direct use in research or for the establishment of a cell line, is a human rights tragedy. Even if the embryo is leftover, unwanted, and/or unused by the couple, these are not good justifications for killing a human life. Human fetal tissue and hFSCs from extra-fetal tissue can be procured from live birth, still births, and miscarriages instead of abortions. For the former cases, pro-life people generally would have no problem with using cells or tissues from a failed pregnancy which did not directly involve the intentional killing of the child. However, the picture gets less clear for tissue and cell procurement from abortions. The American Medical Association (AMA) guidelines state that only after the decision to have an abortion has been made can the mother sign the permission for her dead child to be used for research. Some people may argue that since the abortion has already been done, why not use the fetal parts for research? It’s not like the abortion was done for research purposes specifically, right? That way, some good can come out of something bad. This logic is the same or similar to the logic of using cells from cell lines established from the stem cells of human blastocysts. However, we know many abortion clinics already break state and federal laws and guidelines. We cannot be sure that abortion clinics are not using the excuse of scientific research to pressure women into making a decision for abortion. The permission forms at some Planned Parenthood abortion clinic locations even give completely false information, stating treatments and cures have been found for “such diseases as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and AIDS” using aborted fetal tissue. Additionally, although this permission form states no change to the abortion procedure will be made after deciding to donate, Planned Parenthood has admitted to changing the procedures to get more intact fetal parts. Even a Planned Parenthood spokeswoman Amanda Harrington has stated, “[i]f minor adjustments that have no bearing on the woman’s health and safety are done when the woman has expressed a desire to donate tissue, that is entirely appropriate and ethical and legal” — even though it clearly violates the permission form women sign beforehand. Abortion clinics have already been proven to lie to women and break laws. Based on their history, it is highly likely they may further coerce or pressure women into getting an abortion using the excuse of scientific research. Abortion providers have already been caught illegally profiting off of selling aborted fetal tissue. Not only is the direct and intentional killing of a human involved, but the process also further commodifies human life by putting a price tag on the organs and tissue samples of the killed human, thus further legitimizing the “need” for killing humans for research purposes. Pro-life people are not the only ones uncomfortable with hESC research or human fetal tissue research — so are the very scientists who use such materials. Dr. Lishan Su of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has said, “Using fetal tissue is not an easy choice, but so far there is no better choice…Many, many biomedical researchers depend on fetal tissue research to really save human lives. And I think many of them feel the same way.” “We are not happy about how the material became available, but we would not be willing to see it wasted and just thrown away.” One of the scientists who discovered how to make hIPSCs, Dr. Yamanaka, did so because he could not stand the idea of destroying tiny humans: “When I saw the embryo, I suddenly realized there was such a small difference between it and my daughters…I thought, we can’t keep destroying embryos for our research. There must be another way.” In this case, reverence for human life and the aversion to using stem cells actually produced a scientific breakthrough — something many people in favor of hESC and fetal tissue research are worried will not happen without being able to use those materials. There are several serious, ethical issues with using hESCs, hFSCs, and fetal tissue from aborted fetuses in research. Enough ethical alternatives to using such materials are available, so it seems there are no longer any adequate reasons for continuing to fund and allow research that relies on killing an innocent human being. Humans do not need to be targeted and killed to further medical research. There are other alternatives which can lead to breakthroughs, and they have already been shown to save lives.

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Eating Disorders Awareness Week (EDAW), takes place this year from Monday, February 27 – Sunday, March 5. This is an annual campaign aimed at improving the public knowledge around the realities of eating disorders, and to give hope and support to those individuals and families affected. Affecting almost 10% of the worldwide population. They are among the deadliest mental illnesses, coming second only to opioid overdose. It is estimated that one person every 52 minutes will die as a direct result of an eating disorder, and over 25% of sufferers will attempt suicide. Watching what you eat and keeping fit is good for you, (like most things, in moderation). To want to eat healthily, and be in good physical shape, are good lifestyle goals. But when you focus obsessively on what, when, and how much you consume, or when you punish yourself with excessive and gruelling exercise regimes to counter your food intake, then you may have an eating disorder. There are still a lot of myths and preconceptions around eating disorders, and in a survey conducted by YouGov, nearly 35% of adults in the UK had no idea what signs or symptoms to look out for, in someone who may be struggling with problems around food and body image. Contrary to what many people think, you don’t have to be excessively thin to have an eating disorder. You may not even look as though anything is wrong. Less than 6% of people struggling are medically diagnosed as “underweight.” Weight loss can be an indicator of a food-related mental health disorder, but it is by no means the only one. Another common preconception around eating disorders is that they only affect women and young girls – this is simply not true, almost 40% of those suffering with food, weight, or body image issues are men. An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition that is marked by an obsession with food and/or body shape. Where food, and the control of what, when, and how, to eat is used to manage thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. They can affect the sufferer’s ability to function physically, psychologically, and socially. Some individuals will take extreme measures, such as dangerous dieting practices, unnecessary and obsessive exercise regimes, and steroid abuse, to get what they believe to be the ideal body, which can have a serious impact on a person’s physical and emotional health. Eating disorders can cause anxiety and depression, isolation and loneliness, guilt and shame, feelings of failure, obsessive thoughts, and preoccupations; with food, or the way a person perceives they look, and with being “found out”. Anorexia nervosa – this is the self-starvation syndrome typified by extreme control over calorie intake, an intense fear of gaining weight, and often a distorted view of their own body image, size, and shape. The sufferer will typically lose 20% or more of their original body weight, leading to muscle wasting. They will use severe, often dangerous “dieting” methods such as skipping meals and limiting their food ingestion, making themselves vomit, taking laxatives, and punishing exercise regimes. Individuals with this illness usually have low self-esteem and intense feelings of shame and guilt but are in strong denial about having a problem. Bulimia Nervosa – this is characterised by secret binging episodes involving eating large amounts of very high-calorie foods, often followed by ‘purging’, either by vomiting, or the swallowing of laxatives or diuretics, or by engaging in obsessive, excessive exercise to rid the body of the calories consumed. Sufferers also struggle with low self-esteem but generally are more aware that they have a problem. Binge-eating disorder – (or BED) is typified by frequent, and compulsive out-of-control eating. Often large amounts, very quickly, and to the point of being uncomfortably full. Eating when not hungry. There are a lot of feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment about this excessive binging and these binges often take place secretly. People with this condition don’t purge. Body dysmorphic disorder – (BDD) is the delusional belief that one’s body or appearance is severely flawed and the obsessive-compulsive drive to hide, change, or “fix” it. Muscle Dysmorphia – (MD) often affecting young men; and sometimes called bigorexia or megarexia. This is the idea that one’s body is too small, or skinny and not muscular enough. Driving an individual to take drastic measures to bulk up, including the use of anabolic steroids. Other specified feeding or eating disorder – (OSFED) previously known as Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) is when your symptoms don’t exactly match any of those above. This is still considered a serious, life-threatening illness which requires treatment. Eating disorders often co-occur with other mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, self-harming, suicidal thoughts and attempts, borderline personality disorder (BPD), obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and substance use disorders (SUD). If you are concerned that someone you love, may be struggling with an eating disorder, here are some potential signs to look out for. • Preoccupation with weight and body shape. • Eating very little. • Repeatedly bingeing on large quantities of food (often very quickly). • Applying very strict habits or routines around food. • Induced vomiting or taking laxatives after food. • Excessive exercise (too much and too frequently). • Avoiding social situations that involve food. • Becoming withdrawn, anxious, or depressed. There are both physical and psychological symptoms associated with eating disorders. Physical indicators can include – • Feeling cold or tired all the time. • Dizziness, racing heart, fainting, low blood pressure or pulse rate. • High blood pressure. • Dramatic weight loss. • Digestive problems – acid reflux, bloating, constipation, or diarrhoea. • Poor or disrupted sleep. • Hair loss. • Delayed puberty. • Not menstruating (women and girls). • Weakened immune system. • Low energy and overall poor health. Associated psychological symptoms – No eating disorder is a lifestyle choice; what often starts as a way to make a person feel better about themselves, or as a means to take control of their life, turns into a life-threatening obsession. If you recognise any of these symptoms, in yourself or someone you love, you should seek medical advice immediately. The earlier treatment is sought, the higher the chance of success. Here at our luxury rehabilitation centre, located on the stunning Spanish island of Ibiza, we have a highly qualified team, experienced in a range of therapies, for the treatment of eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders, in addition to alcohol, drug, and process addiction. For further information about our rehab in Spain, including details on admissions, please contact [email protected] When people think of addiction, they normally associate it with substances such as alcohol and drugs. However, some individuals are addicted to a certain behaviour or activity – such as gambling, sex, shopping, or the internet. These are called process … Burnout was previously deemed to be the misfortune of stressed-out corporate executives, worn-out movie stars and ageing celebrities. However, in recent times, and especially given the events of the last two years; with a global pandemic ravaging the world and … Over 5% of all deaths worldwide result from the harmful use of alcohol. It is a factor in over 200 different illnesses, diseases, and injuries. In addition to the health repercussions of alcohol misuse – it has huge negative consequences … The whole festive season is synonymous with alcohol. Drink parties at work, boozy Christmas lunches, mulled wine at the carol service. The prospect of having a drink is everywhere you go, with people letting their hair down, enjoying the celebrations, …

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic 05: The birth rate in most developed countries is predicted to fall Limited-Time Offer : Access a FREE 10-Day IELTS Study Plan! You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: The birth rate in most developed countries is predicted to begin to fall over the next 50 years. By 2030 it is estimated that over one-third of the population in most developed countries will be aged 65 and over: What effects will these predictions have on developed countries if they prove true? What can be done now to deal with this situation? Give reason for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Many developed countries now have large numbers of people over the age of 65. What problems might this cause? How can the problems be solved? Get Evaluated for FREE: Do you have an essay on this topic? Please post it in the comments section. One of our IELTS trainers will evaluate your essay from an examiner’s point of view and reply to the comment. This service is completely FREE of cost. Write at least 250 words. Model Answer 01 : The birth rate in most developed countries is predicted to begin to fall over the next 50 years. By 2030 it is estimated that over one-third of the population in most developed countries will be aged 65 and over. What effects will these predictions have on developed countries if they prove true? What can be done now to deal with this situation? In modern Europe, the problem of birth rates has become very actual. As a result, many issues will arise, and the present generation of people will see a significant number of changes. It is essential to outline some notable aspects of this question, such as the rise in the number of new migrants and the ruin of the pension system, which can be compensated only by a decrease of pensions. First of all, the population of every country is a working force, and the lack of it creates many problems for the economy. At the same time, there are several solutions to this problem that are appropriate in the world. For example, to attract people from developing countries to reside in Europe with the aim of filling the gap. Unfortunately, it is predictable that this tendency can make worse the relations on the cultural base, and this the reason why certain parts of society do not accept this idea. Secondly, the stability of the pension system depends on one vital factor – the number of people who work and pay their taxes. The decline of the population always leads to a reduction of budget revenue and an economy in state spending. In this case, the government is obligated to make some unpopular decisions, for instance, to reduce pensions. This solution is regarded as negative. However, it is the most suitable answer in this situation. In conclusion, it is important to make a remark here; that the decline of the population is a very negative trend which can bring some bad consequences, such as the problem with the workforce, or the crisis of the pension system. However, there are some unpleasant solutions to these problems, the reduction of pensions and changes in migration policy with the target of attracting new employees from foreign countries. Model Answer 02 : The predictions show that the birth rate in industrial nations will decline over the next half of the century. Estimations have reported that over 30% of technologically advanced societies will get 65 years old and over by 2030. This alarming trend leads to decreasing population, tax incomes and active labor. Falling birth rate yields a plethora of hurdles. At first, the low rate of pregnancy among women results in declining the population of the country. Furthermore, this hitch causes the reduction of taxable incomes, so the government must spend a huge amount of budget for medical care and social services in order to support old people. Finally, the third obstacle of this condition is the plunge of active work force. On the other hand, economic experts have suggested a host of solutions for this upheaval. The first effective solution is fortifying incentive policies for rising fertility rate among young couples. As a prime example, the government can pay a subsidy for any newborn kids. In addition, the second technique of problem solving that can reform this dilemma is expediting immigration of young skilled workers and experienced engineers from less developed countries. Nowadays, a wide spectrum of states implements this policy. As an outstanding instance, Australia has facilitated the entrance of migrants. Thus the government publishes a list of required labor in certain fields based on specific criteria annually. In conclusion, the drop of birth rate escalates an amounting number of challenges such as shortage of labor forces, the peak of old age group and the exacerbate of social services and health-cares. These disastrous crises can be modified by executing beneficial methods like financial support of couples for raise of fertility and accelerating of immigration processes. Model Answer 03 : Nowadays, most people worry about over-population and living crowded cities. However, it is predicted that we will have the opposite problem by the year 2030 when one third of the population will be aged 65 or over and birth rates are predicted to decline. What effect will this have on our society? By 2030 the percentage of the population aged 65 or older will have risen significantly, to more than 30%. This means that fewer people will be working, and therefore fewer people will be paying income tax. In the future it may be necessary for governments to increase the official retirement age to 70 or even older. When today’s 30-year-olds are in their sixties it is unlikely that they will enjoy the relaxed lifestyle that today’s older generation can expect when they give up work. Government will therefore need to make sure that this older generation is healthy and fit enough to continue working. However I believe the biggest impact will be on the younger generation. In 2030 the younger generation will need to work much harder to support the large number of older people. If this trend continues then it is possible that our entire culture will change. For example, most marketing companies today try to target the younger generation with their products and advertisements. If the majority of the population is older then this will change and companies will begin to target the older generation instead. So, what can be done now to prevent these problems? Firstly, I believe that governments of developed countries should find ways to encourage people to have larger families and increase the birth rate. Secondly, I believe that they should encourage migration from developing countries so that the problems of Over-crowding can be solved. Model Answer 04 : Birth means that Life is going on and on. In modern societies, having children has significantly decreased and they say that by 2030 elderly population in developed countries will have outnumbered the young generation. It is clear that this issue will definitely impact on these states in every aspect of their life if these forecasts come true. To start with, a decline in birth rate might lead these countries to destruction of life systems. For instance, the less young people they have, the less workforces they can imagine. Therefore, economic problems will begin to appear one by one. Moreover, they might have to receive many migrants from other countries which could have its sub-problems such as cultural threats and an increase in crime rate. Another issue is that it might be necessary for authorities to rise the official retirement age to 70 and even older in order to cover with more workforces. Even though it may look difficult at a first glance, they need to think of some solutions to prevent the upcoming events. Governments should, firstly, encourage their individuals to have children in many ways, for example, they could reward the families who want to have a child. Secondly, young couples who are about to get married might be freed from paying a year-taxes after the wedding. Thus, there will be a lot of married couples and of course many children. Besides, developed countries can act to establish more friendly centers for migrants and their families because of not many workforces. To put it in a nutshell, the projected population in these states will age progressively due to low birth rate. This trouble will definitely influence on the future of these societies in a large extent. As a result, some solutions such as stimulating policies for having children must be found. Model Answer 05 : Model Answer 06 : The birth rate in most developed countries is predicted to begin to fall over the next 50 years. By 2030 it is estimated that over one third of the population in most developed countries will be aged 65 and over. What effects will these predictions have on developed countries if they prove true? What can be done now to deal with this situation? Changing of generations always has been an essential part of the planet’s life cycle. However, today, this phenomenon has slowed down in most developed countries of the world. According to recent statistics, the birth rate will continue to decrease over the next 50 years, so, by 2030, more than one third of the population in these countries will be aged 65 and over. It is believed to have more negative effects on societies rather than positives. Firstly, the declining nature of younger generations catalyzes the lack of workforce in national economies. Take Japan as an example. As the Japanese population is growing older, factories have to reduce their workplaces because there are not enough new workers to replace retiring workers. Hence, it will slow down economic growth of the country. Thus, these predicted figures will affect national economies of developing countries. Moreover, the costs required to sustain retired people are likely to surge by 2030. Therefore, it is obvious that the social burden of caring for an aging population will be held by disproportionatelyfewer people in the younger generations. In order to prevent this unnatural misbalance that causes issues, governments should maintain stimulating demography policy. One of the possible solutions could be the usage of a wide range of preferences for giving birth. Another way is to promote the role of family and motherhood in modern society. Overall, the problem of aging populations in most developed countries is very challenging and should be considered more seriously by experts. Model Answer 07 : Nowadays decreasing birth rate is common among world’s richest countries. The situation, triggered by working middle-aged people, who are responsibly planning their parenthood, is predicted to become a huge problem in the future. Some possible consequences and the ways of reducing the negative effect should be discussed. To begin with, the increasing percent of older people lowers the number of active workers, who maintain the economics. Therefore, in the future the minimum pensioner age is likely to be a lot of higher than it is currently. In addition, many countries will have bigger expenses on medicine, since there will be much more people to take care about. Also, the money matters could become substantially worse for both, younger and older people, as a result of greater funds required for pensions and the decline of workforce. However, some actions could be taken now to prevent dramatic situation in the future. Firstly, the governments should encourage birth rate by offering decent support and making the decision to have children easier. Secondly, in order to adapt to the rapidly changing environment, people must learn whole life. In this dynamic century it is crucial to understand, that education is not only for youth, but also for elder. Obviously, it is the only way to fight with the ageing of society. In conclusion, the next fifty years will become a considerable challenge to the most developed countries in the world. The question is how seriously it will be taken before affecting ordinary people. Model Answer 08 : Aged people is likely to constitute a more significant part of population of most developed countries in the near future as a result of decrease in their related birth rates. This issue will definetly affect these countries in many terms. An aged population means that there is less people to work and help their society to develop. This would put the society under pressure, young people should work harder to compensate the lack of work force which might cause many problems for them mentally and physically and there would be no gurantee that they can succeed. In addition to this, government and inscurance institutes have to spend more money to pay the aged people’s retirement wages and obviously this makes the society economically weaker.Furthermore old people are more likely to become ill which their related expenses should be covered by inscurance and it makes the situation even worse. To prevent that the huge number of aged population become a crisis, some parameters should be considered by government. I think health care is an essential key point. people should be protected from the deseases and other events that may increase the possibility of disablities in their old ages. so they can be able to work and take part in their society’s development for a much longer period.Furthermore if the old people were healthy enough, there would be no need that to be looked after by a young person. In conclusion we can say there is not much we can do about circumstances of an aged population except for keeping them health as far as possible. More Writing Task 2 Essay Topics - Many People Think Modern Communication Technology Is Having Some Negative Effects On Social Relationship - An Increasing Number Of Professionals Such As Doctors and Teachers Are Leaving - Some People Think That Newspapers Are The Best Way To Learn News - Many Developing Countries Require Help From International Organizations To Develop - Most Large Companies Nowadays Operate Multinationally Also check : - IELTS Writing Task 2 - Tips to write introduction in IELTS Writing Task 2 - Tips to write great writing essay - IELTS Sample essays - IELTS Writing task 2 Tips - IELTS Writing tips - How to get band 8 in IELTS Writing Task 2 - IELTS Writing recent actual test - IELTS Band 9 essays - Advantage and Disadvantage Essays - IELTS Writing Answer sheet - IELTS map vocabulary - IELTS Writing Task 1 Connectors

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Nowadays, the way people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? In recent times, the way individuals socialize with each other has altered due to modern technology. This essay elucidates how this transition has impacted the people. In my viewpoint, however, this change has brought more adverse effects than favorable. One of the major drawbacks of technology is that individuals tend to waste their precious time surfing the internet and visiting various websites that may not always have useful content. To illustrate, these days children have become addicted to playing games on mobiles and spend excessive time using modern gadgets like tablets and i-pads. As a result, they tend to speak belatedly at their early ages leading to lesser social interaction with the family members and the outer world. Besides this, in the contemporary world, the physical activity of everyone has considerably reduced. It has induced laziness and lethargy in people’s lives and eventually they fall sick with the slightest environmental changes owing to their low immunity levels. On the other hand, communication has become faster in modern days. In the olden days, people could not interact with their kith and kin for a long time as the means of communication were not developed. However, in the present time, communication with loved ones has become easier with the availability of different social platforms like Facebook and Whatsapp, etc. In the bygone days, people wrote letters that took days to reach the destination. However, now it is just a matter of a click of a button. To recapitulate, even though modern technology advancement has made enormous improvements by making communication easier, the impact of using this breakthrough has resulted in more virtual than real relationships. Hence, it is the need of the hour that the drawbacks are understood and efforts are made for improving real relationships.

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The International Day of Charity was conceived as a Hungarian civil society initiative supported by the Hungarian Parliament and Government in 2011, to enhance visibility, organize special events, and in this way to increase solidarity, social responsibility and public support for charity. September 5 was chosen in order to commemorate the anniversary of the passing away of Mother Teresa of Calcutta, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 « for work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitute a threat to peace. » Source: Text: Wikipedia In the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development adopted in September 2015, the United Nations recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. The Agenda also calls for a spirit of strengthened global solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable. It also acknowledges the role of the diverse private sector, ranging from micro-enterprises to cooperatives to multinationals, and that of civil society organizations and philanthropic organizations in the implementation of the new Agenda. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth in the Agenda can be grouped into six critical areas: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership. They have the potential to transform our lives and our planet by providing the framework needed for philanthropic institutions to enable all people to contribute to the betterment of our world. Source: Text: UN Image: nationaltoday.com

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Youth Peer Support (YPS) services are formal and informal services and supports provided to youth by young adults, who are experiencing social, medical, emotional, developmental, substance use, and/or behavioral challenges in their home, school, placement, and/or community centered services. These services provide the training and support necessary to ensure engagement and active participation of the youth in the treatment planning process and with the ongoing implementation and reinforcement of skills. Services are delivered in a trauma informed, culturally and linguistically competent manner. Youth Peer Support providers are between the ages of 21 and 28 years of age. Activities included must be intended to achieve the identified goals or objectives as set forth in the individuals individualized service plan, which delineates specific goals that are flexibly tailored to the participant and attempt to utilize community and natural supports. The intent of these activities is to assist individuals in initiating recovery, maintaining recovery, and enhancing the quality of personal and family life in long-term recovery. Essential Functions (Job Duties) There are 5 categories of youth peer support services. Any of the below services can be provided either individually or combined as the care/service plan indicates their need. They include: - Skill Building: - Developing skills for coping with and managing psychiatric symptoms, trauma, and substance use disorders - Developing skills for wellness, resiliency and recovery support - Developing skills to independently navigate the service system - Developing goal-setting skills § Building community living skills - Enhancing resiliency/recovery-oriented attitudes, i.e., hope, confidence, and self-efficacy § Promoting wellness through modeling. - Providing mutual support, hope, reassurance and advocacy that include sharing one's own "personal recovery/resiliency story" as the Youth Peer Advocating (YPA) deems appropriate as beneficial to both the youth and themselves. YPA’s may also share their recovery with parents to engage parents and help them “see” youth possibilities for future in a new light. - Engagement, Bridging, and Transition Support: - Acting as a peer partner in transitioning to different levels of care and into adulthood; - helping youth understand what to expect and how and why they should be active in developing their treatment plan and natural supports. - Self-Advocacy, Self-Efficacy, & Empowerment: - Developing, linking, and facilitating the use of formal and informal services, including connection to peer support groups in the community - Serving as an advocate, mentor, or facilitator for resolution of issues - Assisting in navigating the service system including assisting with engagement and bridging during transitions in care - Helping youth develop self-advocacy skills (e.g., may attend a Committee on Preschool or Special Education meeting with the youth and parent, coaching the youth to articulate his educational goals). - Assisting youth with gaining and regaining the ability to make independent choices and assist youth in playing a proactive role in their own treatment (assisting/mentoring them in discussing questions or concerns about medications, diagnoses or treatment approaches with their treating clinician). - The YPA guides the youth to effectively communicate their individual perspective to providers and families. o Assisting youth in developing skills to advocate for needed services and benefits and seeking to effectively resolve unmet needs. - Assisting youth in understanding their treatment plan and help to ensure the plan is person/family centered - Community Connections and Natural Supports: - Connecting youth to community resources and services. The YPA may accompany youth to appointments and meetings for the purpose of mentoring and support but not for the sole purpose of providing transportation for the youth. - Helping youth develop a network for information and support from others who have been through similar experiences, including locating similar interest programs, peer-run programs, and support groups. o Facilitating or arranging youth peer resiliency/recovery support groups.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://impactjobs.org/jobs/57038238-youth-peer-advocate-ogdensburg

2024-04-13T20:18:24Z

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en

The Stanford History Education Group has spun out of Stanford to become the Digital Inquiry Group. Now operating as an independent nonprofit, DIG still has the same team and resources available to you for free, as always.Learn More The Reading Like a Historian curriculum engages students in historical inquiry. Each lesson revolves around a central historical question and features a set of primary documents designed for groups of students with a range of reading skills. This curriculum teaches students how to investigate historical questions by employing reading strategies such as sourcing, contextualizing, corroborating, and close reading. Instead of memorizing historical facts, students evaluate the trustworthiness of multiple perspectives on historical issues and learn to make historical claims backed by documentary evidence. To learn more about how to use Reading Like a Historian lessons, watch these videos about how teachers use these materials in their classrooms.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://inquirygroup.org/history-lessons?f%5B0%5D=time_period%3A32&f%5B1%5D=time_period%3A33&f%5B2%5D=time_period%3A34&f%5B3%5D=time_period%3A35&f%5B4%5D=time_period%3A36&f%5B5%5D=time_period%3A38&f%5B6%5D=time_period%3A41&f%5B7%5D=time_period%3A42&f%5B8%5D=time_period%3A45&f%5B9%5D=topic%3A9

2024-04-13T18:23:38Z

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en

These sections will help you understand what data type and scaling choices result in overflows or a loss of precision. Binary math is based on modulo arithmetic. Modulo arithmetic uses only a finite set of numbers, wrapping the results of any calculations that fall outside the given set back into the set. For example, the common everyday clock uses modulo 12 arithmetic. Numbers in this system can only be 1 through 12. Therefore, in the “clock” system, 9 plus 9 equals 6. This can be more easily visualized as a number circle: Similarly, binary math can only use the numbers 0 and 1, and any arithmetic results that fall outside this range are wrapped “around the circle” to either 0 or 1. Two's complement is a common representation of signed fixed-point numbers. In two's complement, positive numbers always start with a 0 and negative numbers always start with a 1. If the leading bit of a two's complement number is 0, the value is obtained by calculating the standard binary value of the number. If the leading bit of a two's complement number is 1, the value is obtained by assuming that the leftmost bit is negative, and then calculating the binary value of the number. For example, To compute the negative of a binary number using two's complement, Take the one's complement. That is, all 0's are flipped to 1's and all 1's are flipped to 0's. Add a 1 using binary math. Discard any bits carried beyond the original word length. For example, consider taking the negative of 11010 (-6). First, take the one's complement of the number, or flip the bits: Next, add a 1, wrapping all numbers to 0 or 1: Addition and Subtraction The addition of fixed-point numbers requires that the binary points of the addends be aligned. The addition is then performed using binary arithmetic so that no number other than 0 or 1 is used. For example, consider the addition of 010010.1 (18.5) with 0110.110 (6.75): Fixed-point subtraction is equivalent to adding while using the two's complement value for any negative values. In subtraction, the addends must be sign extended to match each other's length. For example, consider subtracting 0110.110 (6.75) from 010010.1 (18.5): Most fixed-point DSP System Toolbox™ blocks that perform addition cast the adder inputs to an accumulator data type before performing the addition. Therefore, no further shifting is necessary during the addition to line up the binary points. See Casts for more information. The multiplication of two's complement fixed-point numbers is directly analogous to regular decimal multiplication, with the exception that the intermediate results must be sign extended so that their left sides align before you add them together. For example, consider the multiplication of 10.11 (-1.25) with 011 (3): Multiplication Data Types The following diagrams show the data types used for fixed-point multiplication in the System Toolbox software. The diagrams illustrate the differences between the data types used for real-real, complex-real, and complex-complex multiplication. See individual reference pages to determine whether a particular block accepts complex fixed-point inputs. In most cases, you can set the data types used during multiplication in the block mask. For details, see Casts. The following diagrams show the use of fixed-point data types in multiplication in System Toolbox software. They do not represent actual subsystems used by the software to perform multiplication. Real-Real Multiplication. The following diagram shows the data types used in the multiplication of two real numbers in System Toolbox software. The software returns the output of this operation in the product output data type, as the next figure shows. Real-Complex Multiplication. The following diagram shows the data types used in the multiplication of a real and a complex fixed-point number in System Toolbox software. Real-complex and complex-real multiplication are equivalent. The software returns the output of this operation in the product output data type, as the next figure shows. Complex-Complex Multiplication. The following diagram shows the multiplication of two complex fixed-point numbers in System Toolbox software. Note that the software returns the output of this operation in the accumulator output data type, as the next figure shows. System Toolbox blocks cast to the accumulator data type before performing addition or subtraction operations. In the preceding diagram, this is equivalent to the C code for the subtractor, and for the adder, where acc is the accumulator. Many fixed-point System Toolbox blocks that perform arithmetic operations allow you to specify the accumulator, intermediate product, and product output data types, as applicable, as well as the output data type of the block. This section gives an overview of the casts to these data types, so that you can tell if the data types you select will invoke sign extension, padding with zeros, rounding, and/or overflow. Sign extension is the addition of bits that have the value of the most significant bit to the high end of a two's complement number. Sign extension does not change the value of the binary number. Padding is extending the least significant bit of a binary word with one or more zeros. Casts to the Accumulator Data Type For most fixed-point System Toolbox blocks that perform addition or subtraction, the operands are first cast to an accumulator data type. Most of the time, you can specify the accumulator data type on the block mask. For details, see the description for Accumulator data type parameter in Specify Fixed-Point Attributes for Blocks. Since the addends are both cast to the same accumulator data type before they are added together, no extra shift is necessary to ensure that their binary points align. The result of the addition remains in the accumulator data type, with the possibility of overflow. Casts to the Intermediate Product or Product Output Data Type For System Toolbox blocks that perform multiplication, the output of the multiplier is placed into a product output data type. Blocks that then feed the product output back into the multiplier might first cast it to an intermediate product data type. Most of the time, you can specify these data types on the block mask. For details, see the description for Intermediate Product and Product Output data type parameters in Specify Fixed-Point Attributes for Blocks. Casts to the Output Data Type Many fixed-point System Toolbox blocks allow you to specify the data type and scaling of the block output on the mask. Remember that the software does not allow mixed types on the input and output ports of its blocks. Therefore, if you would like to specify a fixed-point output data type and scaling for a System Toolbox block that supports fixed-point data types, you must feed the input port of that block with a fixed-point signal. The final cast made by a fixed-point System Toolbox block is to the output data type of the block. Note that although you cannot mix fixed-point and floating-point signals on the input and output ports of blocks, you can have fixed-point signals with different word and fraction lengths on the ports of blocks that support fixed-point signals. It is important to keep in mind the ramifications of each cast when selecting these intermediate data types, as well as any other intermediate fixed-point data types that are allowed by a particular block. Depending upon the data types you select, overflow and/or rounding might occur. The following two examples demonstrate cases where overflow and rounding can occur. Cast from a Shorter Data Type to a Longer Data Type. Consider the cast of a nonzero number, represented by a four-bit data type with two fractional bits, to an eight-bit data type with seven fractional bits: As the diagram shows, the source bits are shifted up so that the binary point matches the destination binary point position. The highest source bit does not fit, so overflow might occur and the result can saturate or wrap. The empty bits at the low end of the destination data type are padded with either 0's or 1's: If overflow does not occur, the empty bits are padded with 0's. If wrapping occurs, the empty bits are padded with 0's. If saturation occurs, The empty bits of a positive number are padded with 1's. The empty bits of a negative number are padded with 0's. You can see that even with a cast from a shorter data type to a longer data type, overflow might still occur. This can happen when the integer length of the source data type (in this case two) is longer than the integer length of the destination data type (in this case one). Similarly, rounding might be necessary even when casting from a shorter data type to a longer data type, if the destination data type and scaling has fewer fractional bits than the source. Cast from a Longer Data Type to a Shorter Data Type. Consider the cast of a nonzero number, represented by an eight-bit data type with seven fractional bits, to a four-bit data type with two fractional bits: As the diagram shows, the source bits are shifted down so that the binary point matches the destination binary point position. There is no value for the highest bit from the source, so the result is sign extended to fill the integer portion of the destination data type. The bottom five bits of the source do not fit into the fraction length of the destination. Therefore, precision can be lost as the result is rounded. In this case, even though the cast is from a longer data type to a shorter data type, all the integer bits are maintained. Conversely, full precision can be maintained even if you cast to a shorter data type, as long as the fraction length of the destination data type is the same length or longer than the fraction length of the source data type. In that case, however, bits are lost from the high end of the result and overflow might occur. The worst case occurs when both the integer length and the fraction length of the destination data type are shorter than those of the source data type and scaling. In that case, both overflow and a loss of precision can occur.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://it.mathworks.com/help/dsp/ug/arithmetic-operations.html

2024-04-13T18:47:45Z

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To understand the historical context of Jesus’ birth, delve into the Introduction section. Discover the significance of the era surrounding Jesus’ arrival and gain insights into the events and circumstances that shaped the world during that time. The Historical Context of Jesus’ Birth The Roman Empire dominated and had power over lots of places, including Judea. This time was full of struggles and alliances between people, which showed how much tension was in the society. Jewish people had strong customs and beliefs. They believed in prophecies from generations before them, and talked a lot about a Messiah coming. At this time, something very special happened – Jesus was born. This was very important and changed the lives of many who wanted freedom from Roman control, and also from their own difficulties. We can understand more of this moment by looking at its historical context. We can learn from Jesus’ story even today. Come explore this amazing part of history that changed the course of humanity. Determining Jesus’ Birth Year To determine Jesus’ birth year, explore the section “Determining Jesus’ Birth Year” with the sub-sections: The Gregorian Calendar and Biblical References. The Gregorian Calendar revolutionized dating systems, while Biblical References provide insights based on historical events and scriptures. Let’s uncover the mystery surrounding Jesus’ birth year by examining these key factors. The Gregorian Calendar Let us take a closer look at the key elements of the Gregorian Calendar! It has 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year. This helps account for the slightly longer solar year. There are 12 months, ranging from 28 to 31 days. Leap years occur every four years, with exceptions for years divisible by 100 unless they are also divisible by 400. The week has seven days – Monday through Sunday. Uniquely, the Gregorian Calendar is adopted and standardized across countries and cultures. This allows for international coordination for various needs. Make sure to leverage your knowledge of the Gregorian Calendar! This understanding can help with historical events and cultural contexts. Stay informed and join conversations about time and dates! Biblical References: Trying to determine Jesus’ birth year is tricky, like trying to guess the weight of a crucifix. The Bible provides us with clues to calculate the year of Jesus Christ’s birth. Matthew 2:1-12 tells of the Magi’s visit to baby Jesus and the star they followed. Luke 2:1-20 speaks of Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem and the shepherds that came to worship Him. Daniel 9:24 offers prophecies regarding the coming Messiah and His arrival time. These accounts and prophecies lead scholars to agree that Jesus was likely born before 4 BC. This is because King Herod died in 4 BC and Matthew’s account mentions his order to have all male children under two years old in Bethlehem killed. Trying to figure out Jesus’ birth year? It’s like trying to find a needle in a haystack soaked in holy water – a true miracle if you get it right! Historical Events and Chronology To better understand the historical events surrounding Jesus’ birth, delve into the section of Historical Events and Chronology. Explore significant events such as The Reign of King Herod and The Census of Quirinius, which provide crucial context to determine how many years ago Jesus was actually born. The Reign of King Herod King Herod – a historic figure – had a reign of firm authority. He was known for building grand structures and political unrest. He was cruel, and even killed his own family. Historians and scholars still talk about the grandeur and violence of his rule. Counting sheep for sleep? No way! A Roman census during tax season – now that’s something! The Census of Quirinius The Census of Quirinius, in 6 CE, had a purpose of population assessment in Judea province. It was met with resistance from some Jewish communities, leading to tensions and rebellions, like that of Judas of Galilee. A remarkable story is connected to this survey: Joseph and Mary traveled from Nazareth to Bethlehem, due to Joseph’s ancestry, and this journey led to the birth of Jesus Christ in Bethlehem, fulfilling ancient prophecies. The Census of Quirinius holds great historical and religious importance today. However, different scholars have different perspectives on it, and they can’t seem to agree on anything! Different Scholarly Perspectives To better understand the different scholarly perspectives on the birth of Jesus, delve into the section on “Different Scholarly Perspectives.” Explore the calculation methods based on Luke’s Gospel and Matthew’s Gospel, providing alternative interpretations to determine when Jesus was born. Calculation based on Luke’s Gospel Scholars have exhaustively studied Luke’s Gospel to uncover remarkable details through their scholarly research. Let’s delve into some of the discoveries! Calculation Based on Luke’s Gospel: We present a comprehensive table to comprehend the essence of calculations from Luke’s Gospel. This table exhibits parables, miracles, teachings and societal interactions found in this gospel. Data collected through rigorous analysis by dedicated scholars reveal the intricacies of Luke’s narrative. Moreover, researchers have examined the unique linguistic features in Luke’s Gospel. The special phrasing and language style reveal the intended audience and purpose. These unique qualities contribute to a better understanding of the message. To demonstrate the influence of Luke’s Gospel, here’s a moving story. In a rural village, an elderly man found a worn out copy of this sacred text. As he read each word, his heart was filled with hope and enthusiasm. This significant experience established an unshakable faith in him, and changed not only his life, but those of many around him. These perspectives and narratives from studying Luke’s Gospel help us understand its timeless relevance in our world. Scholars’ unceasing pursuit of knowledge grants us the ability to comprehend its significance. Calculation based on Matthew’s Gospel In Matthew’s Gospel, there’s a chance to do some calculations. Analyzing the data can unlock secret number patterns and help us understand its religious meaning. To see this, check out the table below: The table shows the number of chapters, verses, and words in each chapter. This helps us compare and explore the numerical patterns in the text. We can also find special details in Matthew’s Gospel. For example, there are 12 disciples and 40 days of temptation Jesus faced in the wilderness. Plus, numbers are used to show religious truths. To learn more, scholars should look at other scriptures and consider the culture and history of the time. With this approach, they can uncover amazing insights that make us appreciate the numbers and theology of this ancient text. And, scholars can come to a halt like a clown car running out of gas at a funeral. The answer to when Jesus was born has led us on a journey through many historical and religious texts. Putting the pieces together, we can understand this significant event in history. We have found that Jesus was likely born between 6 and 4 BCE. We can’t be sure of the exact year, but this is based on many things like King Herod’s reign and astronomical data from scripture. Alternative dates are proposed too, from different interpretations and other sources. These give us fascinating understanding of the complexity around this topic. It may never be known exactly when Jesus was born. But this doesn’t change the importance of his birth or its effect on billions of people over time. Here are three suggestions: Look closer at records from the first century for information about Jesus’ birth. Read diverse research and opinions. This helps us understand the complexities and nuances. Talk with respect for differing viewpoints. This leads to meaningful conversations and a shared appreciation of human experiences. By following these suggestions, we can keep searching for answers about Jesus’ birth, while respecting the various interpretations of this historic moment. Our curiosity remains as we explore religious tradition and ancient history. Ethan Davis, the founder of Jesus Salvation, transformed his life from hardship to faith after a significant encounter at age 32. After earning a Communications degree from Kansas State University, he established JesusSalvation.com to help others towards salvation, sharing inspiring stories, scriptures, and prayers.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://jesussalvation.com/how-many-years-ago-was-jesus-born/

2024-04-13T18:55:02Z

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The structure is located just south of the Prairie Island Indian Reservation, home of the Treasure Island Resort & Casino. The Prairie Island Nuclear Power Station is just north of the dam, and just south of the casino. The power plant has been a sore spot with the Indian community for many years. Despite a good operating record, the Indians would like the power plant removed. The power plant supplies nearly half of the electricity to the twin cities area, so a shutdown is not in the cards. As a result, the Indians declared the reservation to be a non-nuclear area. This prevented the power company from using the access road through the reservation. As a result, Northern States Power was forced to build a new access road that skirted the boundary of the reservation. There is a curve in the river just upstream of the lock & dam. This has the effect of causing a cross-current near the entrance to the lock that makes river navigation dangerous. This has resulted in over 100 barge accidents. In 1993, a barge loaded with soybeans missed the lock entrance and crashed into the dam. The barge sank, blocking the river. In 2005, two barges broke free from a tow and went through one of the dam gates. The US Army Corps of Engineers fears that a future accident could result in several barges breaking free and sinking in front of the dam, causing the river to rise. Higher water levels could cause the cross-current to erode the dike on the Wisconsin side of the river causing the dam to fail and the river channel changing course. Not only would this prevent river navigation north of Red Wing, but the change in the river channel would force a shutdown of the nuclear powerplant due to reduced water levels leaving their cooling water intakes high and dry. The US Army Corps of Engineers have rated this structure as the second most likely Corps structure to fail. To address the issues, the Corps has requested $70-million in economic stimulus funds to modify the lock & dam and reinforce the riverbanks. The fifth photo below shows the power station in the distance just upstream from the lock & dam. Also visible in that photos is the curve in the river leading up to lock entrance.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://johnweeks.com/river_mississippi/pagesL/missLD03.html

2024-04-13T20:08:10Z

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en

The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) in Florida is a state agency responsible for promoting and regulating the state’s agriculture, consumer protection, and food safety. As one of the oldest and largest state departments of agriculture in the United States, FDACS plays a crucial role in supporting and overseeing various aspects of Florida’s agricultural industry and ensuring the safety of its residents. Key responsibilities of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services include: - Agricultural Development: The department works to support and enhance the economic viability of Florida’s agriculture industry. It promotes agricultural products, provides marketing assistance to farmers and ranchers, and supports agricultural research and innovation. - Consumer Protection: FDACS is responsible for safeguarding consumers from deceptive business practices, fraud, and unfair trade practices. It regulates businesses and enforces laws related to consumer protection. - Food Safety and Inspection: The department ensures the safety and quality of food products available in the state. It conducts inspections of food processing facilities, monitors food distribution, and responds to food-related emergencies. - Pesticide Regulation: FDACS regulates the sale and use of pesticides to protect public health and the environment. It establishes regulations and guidelines for pesticide usage and educates the public about safe practices. - Animal Health and Welfare: The department works to ensure the health and well-being of animals in Florida. It conducts inspections, monitoring, and disease control programs for livestock and companion animals. - Forestry and Wildfire Management: FDACS oversees Florida’s forest resources and wildfire prevention efforts. It manages state forests, promotes responsible forestry practices, and provides firefighting assistance during wildfires. - Aquaculture and Seafood Inspection: The department supports Florida’s aquaculture industry, including the regulation and inspection of seafood products to ensure their safety and quality. - Consumer Outreach and Education: FDACS educates consumers about their rights and responsibilities and provides valuable resources to help them make informed decisions. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services plays a critical role in fostering a strong agricultural economy, protecting consumers, and ensuring the safety and well-being of residents and visitors in the state.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://kanp1.site/nurturing-growth-and-safeguarding-consumers-the-role-of-floridas-department-of-agriculture-and-consumer-services/

2024-04-13T20:06:29Z

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en

A few months ago, the famous actor and comedian, Tracy Morgan, was involved in a terrible truck accident that caused the death of one of his friends and left Morgan with serious injuries. Given that the truck driver who caused the accident was allegedly sleep-deprived at the time, the story has drawn considerable attention to the issue of truck driver fatigue. However, tractor-trailer accidents can result from a variety of other causes, including overloading. According to a study by the International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences, overloading a truck creates various safety concerns. Most people understand that heavier vehicles can be more difficult to stop, and that the weight creates a greater impact force in an accident. This is why truck accidents often result in greater damage and more severe injuries relative to accidents between smaller motor vehicles. But weight alone is not the only factor. Trucks are designed to carry far heavier loads than the average passenger vehicle. The real dangers arise when the truck operator loads the truck with a greater amount of weight than federal regulations allow, or than the truck was designed to carry. When a truck is overloaded, it can become unstable, which increases the risk of rollover accidents and can make it difficult for the driver to keep the truck from veering into other lanes of traffic. Furthermore, the excess weight can make the truck difficult to maneuver and cause problems with the braking system. Trucks are dangerous enough without the operator exceeding the truck’s weight limits. Following a truck accident, victims may want to investigate whether overloading played a role in the accident. If so, the evidence may be used to show that the driver or the truck company was negligent. Source: IATSS Research, “Improving truck safety: Potential of weigh-in-motion technology,” Bernard Jacoba and Véronique Feypell-de La BeaumelleLiza Barth, Accessed on Oct. 23, 2014

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://kinglawfirm.org/blog/2014/10/does-overloading-cause-truck-accidents

2024-04-13T18:41:54Z

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As you age, you become increasingly susceptible to falling. But you may wonder, why are seniors more likely to fall? Because the strength of your bones tends to deteriorate as you age as well, a fall that may have left little damage during your younger years may leave you in serious pain as you get older. In addition to increasingly brittle bones and diminished overall strength, these are additional factors that place you at risk of falling as a senior. So, why are seniors more likely to fall? Let’s look at some additional reasons: Use of certain prescription medications Some prescription medications, including sedatives and depression or psychosis medications, can affect your balance and ability to see clearly. The effects of prescription medications can intensify when you use certain varieties together, further increasing your chances of a slip-and-fall accident. Your eyesight tends to diminish over time, and this can enhance your chance of suffering a fall, particularly if you do not wear prescription glasses or contact lenses regularly or as directed. Your risk of developing certain eye diseases also tends to increase with age. Environmental hazards can include anything from a dimly lit space to a poorly maintained staircase or sidewalk, and they all have the potential to contribute to your risk of a slip or fall. Environmental hazards may be particularly dangerous if you also have poor vision or rely on numerous prescription medications. Any recent surgeries you had You may also be more likely to trip and fall when you are recovering from surgery, particularly if the surgery is relatively major, such as a hip-replacement procedure. The pain you feel afterward may lead to diminished mobility, and it may also lead you to rely on one side of the body more than the other, which can also enhance your chance of falling.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://kinglawfirm.org/blog/2017/05/why-seniors-are-more-likely-to-fall

2024-04-13T19:14:29Z

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A first-of-its kind blood test could help identify psychiatric disorders from neurological issues to schizophrenia and more. Scientists at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center say that a simple blood test could potentially detect changes associated with mental health diseases by analyzing genetic material found in human blood, Knewz.com has learned. The researchers published their findings on January 11 in a paper titled “Blood extracellular vesicles carrying brain-specific mRNAs are potential biomarkers for detecting gene expression changes in the female brain,” in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small fatty sacs filled with genetic materials like messenger RNA (mRNA), which play a crucial role in cell communication, Johns Hopkins said in a statement. These vesicles are released by all tissues in the body, including the brain, which carry specific pieces of mRNA that reflect the gene activity within their tissue of origin. This latest research builds on the results of a separate Johns Hopkins study published in September 2022, when researchers discovered EV communication is altered in pregnant women who go on to develop postpartum depression after giving birth. They made their findings after testing placentas. “We only detected placenta specific EVs during the pregnancy, and not after birth,” said the study’s lead author, Sarven Sabunciyan, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “This was a proof of concept, that we can detect EVs that are coming from a specific tissue or organ." In their latest research, the scientists were able to identify mRNAs in the brain using data from the Human Protein Atlas — a Swedish-based database of human proteins in cells, tissues, and organs — and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. “Further analysis of those mRNA genetic pathways showed that the brain-specific mRNAs in blood EVs were involved in particular brain functions and were significantly enriched for genes already associated with brain disorders that involve mood, schizophrenia, epilepsy and substance abuse,”the researchers stated. As such, the researchers believe that these mRNAs are likely to be “ideal” biological markers when it comes to identifying these conditions. The researchers also discovered 13 brain-specific mRNAs in the blood that were found to be associated with postpartum depression. Study co-author Lena Smirnova, an assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said, “This is very exciting, because right now, there isn’t a blood marker for disorders affecting the brain. Essentially, these conditions are diagnosed by clinical interviews between patients and providers.” The researchers eventually hope to develop a simple blood test to detect changes such as higher or lower levels of blood EV mRNAs directly linked to changes in the brain associated with mental disorders without having access to the brain itself, Sabunciyan said. If the test is successful, doctors would be able to identify patients at risk of psychiatric episodes and detect early signs of mental health “emergencies” such as suicidal behavior. The team also plans to use lab-grown brain samples in future studies to identify similar biomarkers to develop tests for autism spectrum disorder.

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https://knewz.com/mental-health-blood-test-scientists-say-simple-exam-could-detect-disorders-risks-of-episodes-early-signs-of-emergencies/

2024-04-13T18:48:32Z

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Results of a four-year study on phytoplankton in Hakozaki Harbor, Hakata Bay, Japan indicated that Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka) Hansen et Moestrup was the cause of frequent blooms during the late fall period when centric diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum and genus Chaetoceros declined. In laboratory experiments, the growth of A. sanguinea was found to be strongly inhibited in bi-algal cultures with S. costatum and Chaetoceros didymum, but just slightly with Asterionella japonica. Furthermore, when A. sanguinea was cultured in nitrogen and phosphorus enriched filtrates with media on which S. costatum and C. didymum had grown densely, the growth rate of A. sanguinea in the filtrates was significantly lower than that in fresh control medium. These results suggest that in spring and summer allelopathy of bloomed centric diatoms was an important factor that inhibited the growth of A. sanguinea but in the late fall when the cell density of these diatoms declined, A. sanguinea could form blooms. All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes - Aquatic Science

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https://kyushu-u.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/inhibitory-effects-of-centric-diatoms-on-the-growth-of-the-dinofl

2024-04-13T19:42:17Z

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Solar inverters are devices that convert the direct current produced by solar panels into the alternating current required by the power grid. However, some users who use solar power are very concerned about whether solar inverters produce noise. Today, we will explore whether solar inverters make noise and how to reduce noise. Does the solar inverter produce noise? In general, solar inverters do not produce significant noise during normal operation. Their typical operating noise is between 35-45 decibels, which is equivalent to the natural harmonious sound of the outdoor environment. Therefore, solar inverters do not produce significant noise like large equipment such as diesel generators. How to reduce the noise of solar inverters? In some cases, you may feel that the noise of the new type of inverter is too loud. If you feel this way, there are some ways to reduce the noise: (1) Install a soundproof hood A soundproof hood is a simple and effective way to reduce noise. You can install a soundproof hood around the solar inverter to reduce the noise by more than 10%. (2) Choose a new type of inverter There are new types of solar inverters on the market that are equipped with advanced noise reduction technology, high power conversion efficiency, and low noise. (3) Change the installation location Sometimes, if you install the solar inverter in a location far from the residential area, such as a garage or garden, you can reduce the perception of noise. In summary, solar inverters do not produce excessive noise, but if you feel that the solar inverter is noisy, you can use the above three methods to solve it. This not only reduces noise but also improves the efficiency and lifespan of the solar inverter. If you want to purchase a solar inverter, you can consider a new type of solar inverter equipped with advanced noise reduction technology, which can make your life better.

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2024-04-13T19:35:30Z

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Lightweighting with Additive Manufacturing 271 Lightweighting with Additive Manufacturing 271 describes the methods by which additive manufacturing can facilitate lightweighting, which is a design method that reduces the weight of manufactured parts and products without reducing their functionality. The class focuses on material reduction, topology optimization, and lattice structures in additive manufacturing. After completing this course, users will be able to identify key industrial applications and methods of lightweighting with additive manufacturing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of lightweighting in this way. Number of Lessons 10 - Lightweighting in Manufacturing - Lightweighting with Additive Manufacturing - Additive Manufacturing Methods for Lightweighting - Industrial Applications of Lightweighting - DFAM and Lightweighting - Review: Lightweighting with AM - Topology Optimization - Lattice Structures - Advantages & Disadvantages of Lightweighting - Review: Lightweighting with AM - Define lightweighting. - Describe how additive manufacturing can be used for lightweighting. - Describe additive manufacturing methods for lightweighting. - Describe key industrial applications of lightweighting. - Describe how design for additive manufacturing contributes to lightweighting. - Describe topology optimization for lightweighting. - Describe lattice structures for lightweighting. - Describe the advantages and disadvantages of lightweighting with additive manufacturing. AM. The process of successively layering materials to make an object based on a three-dimensional computer model. Additive manufacturing allows for rapid prototyping, mass customization, and increased part complexity. Additive manufacturing. The process of successively layering materials to make an object based on a three-dimensional computer model. AM allows for rapid prototyping, mass customization, and increased part complexity. Computer programs used to create a digital model of a part before it goes into prototyping or production. CAD software creates digital models that are converted to a format used by additive manufacturing machines. A material consisting of thin, strong crystalline filaments of carbon. Carbon fiber is a popular substitute for heavier metals in lightweighting. The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, or other organization. Entities often seek to reduce their carbon footprint for environmental reasons or to meet regulations. An ongoing effort to make products, services, or processes better. Continuous improvement identifies opportunities for improvement, takes action to achieve this, analyzes the results, and implements workable solutions. Mass per unit volume. Material density is a consideration of lightweighting, which aims to create parts of lower density but equal strength. A nozzle that melts and dispenses material. Deposition heads are used in directed energy deposition processes. design for additive manufacturing DFAM. The methodology of planning, testing, and creating an additively manufactured part that functions optimally. Design for additive manufacturing allows engineers to focus on part functionality. directed energy deposition DED. An additive manufacturing method in which focused thermal energy is used to melt materials as they are deposited on a build platform. Directed energy deposition is often used with metal powder or wire. The capacity of an engine, especially that of a vehicle, to obtain energy from fuel. Fuel efficiency is often a desired outcome of lightweighting. image projection module An assembly of components that focuses and directs the movement of a laser or electron beam in a specific pattern. Image projection modules are used during powder bed fusion processes. The tendency that objects have to resist changes to their state of motion. Inertia causes an object to either remain at rest or in its original state of motion until it is acted upon by an outside force. The examination of a part during or after its creation to confirm that it adheres to specifications. During inspection, defects may be identified and corrected. An intense beam of light that can be precisely aimed and controlled. Lasers are sometimes used to selectively solidify or combine materials in additive manufacturing methods, including directed energy deposition and powder bed fusion. A repeating, symmetrical pattern of crossing strips of material that leave diamond- or square-shaped gaps between them. Lattice structures provide excellent strength to a part. The rate of a person's progress in gaining experience or new skills. A steep learning curve can increase labor costs when new technologies or processes are adopted. The sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move perpendicular to the direction of flow. Lift force allows aircraft to fly. In manufacturing, reducing the weight of a part or product without altering its function. Lightweighting results in parts and products that are less heavy than previous iterations. The opposition to applied force, such as a weight to be carried or moved. Designers must consider the loads a part will bear. A subtractive manufacturing process that involves removing material to form an object. Machining includes methods such as milling, turning, and drilling that remove metal using cutting tools. The amount of matter contained within an object. Mass gives an object weight when it is acted upon by gravity. An additive manufacturing method in which droplets of build material are selectively deposited onto a build platform. Material jetting uses ultraviolet light to cure photopolymer build material. Decreasing the amount of a substance required for a build. Material reduction results in a lighter part or product. Swapping one substance for another in the manufacture of a product. Material substitution of a lighter substance for a heavier one is a popular method of lightweighting. The small area of molten material that forms during directed energy deposition. Melt pools form a permanent material layer when they cool. The consideration of how a single part should best be designed geometrically. Part design is a kind of design for additive manufacturing. A thermoset polymer that cures and hardens when exposed to light. Photopolymers are used in material jetting. powder bed fusion PBF. An additive manufacturing method that uses thermal energy to either sinter or melt together layers of powdered polymer, metal, ceramic, or other material. Powder bed fusion processes often use either lasers or electron beams as thermal energy sources. The moving component on a printer that holds and distributes the part build material. Additive manufacturing machines, such as material jetting or binder jetting, have print heads. An artificial body part. Prosthetics can be made more flexible and durable by lightweighting methods. A program that allows the user to observe an operation without actually performing that operation. Simulation software is used widely to design equipment so that the final product will be as close to design specifications as possible without expensive modification. The relationship between a material's strength and its weight. Materials that are light but also very strong have a high strength-to-weight ratio. A force that attempts to deform an object. Common forms of stress include compression, shear, and tensile. A surface or medium that serves as a base for other materials or components. Some directed energy deposition processes deposit materials onto substrates rather than a build platform. The consideration of what should be manufactured using additive manufacturing and what the component boundaries should look like. System design is a kind of design for additive manufacturing. Energy in the form of heat. Thermal energy is used to fuse materials together in some additive manufacturing methods, such as directed energy deposition and powder bed fusion. A force that occurs when an object accelerates in one linear direction. Thrust can be measured in pound-force or newtons. Topology optimization. A mathematical method that optimizes material layout within a given design space for a given set of loads, boundary conditions, and constraints with the goal of maximizing the performance of the system. TO is a potent tool for lightweighting. An unwanted but acceptable variation or deviation from a desired dimension of a part. Within a given range of tolerances, a part will still meet specifications. TO. A mathematical method that optimizes material layout within a given design space for a given set of loads, boundary conditions, and constraints with the goal of maximizing the performance of the system. Topology optimization is a potent tool for lightweighting. UV light. A potentially harmful wavelength of light that is below, or shorter, than violet on the light spectrum. Ultraviolet light is used to selectively solidify liquid photopolymer in material jetting. A structure with identical unit cells repeated in every direction. The smallest group of space in a material that constitutes a repeating pattern. Repeated unit cells make up a lattice structure. A structure with unit cells of varying size or spacing in different directions. A machine for generating electricity using a large, vaned wheel rotated by the wind. Wind turbines can be made more efficient by using lightweighting.

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https://learn.toolingu.com/class/510185

2024-04-13T19:03:42Z

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In fact, the computer work might not be a dynamic job, but it can surely take a charge on the body. When you sit at a desk for many hours of the day, you are more possible to practice the physical and mental hurt. Also, sitting all the day can set a step for inactive lifestyle as well as improving the risk for chronic 2 health problems such as heart disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes as per the research. If you sit all the day in front of computer, you should definitely visit this sitehttps://theisozone.com/stay-healthy-if-you-sit-at-a-computer-all-day to find the 6 clever ways to stay healthy. Maintain proper seating position Being aware of your sitting position can assist you feel better always. The poor posture can even cause joint and muscular strain and also neck and back pain, weariness. Invest in ergonomic furniture If your budget allows it, you can invest in ergonomic furniture like a standing chair or desk with an enough seat cushion with lumbar support. Take breaks on a routine basis If you sit in a similar position for a long time period, most of your muscles will tighten. This could consequence in tension and pain, as well as makes it complex to move even after you have completed your work. Drink plenty of water as well If you are sitting all the day, staying hydrated is more essential. In general, we lose water via breathing, sweating and other regular biological operations all over the day. Staying hydrated will replace those lost fluids and stop dehydration. Keep your computer in a right position If you are searching too far down from a line of your sight, you may experience neck and back pain. Thus, it is good to use a stack of books or a system stand. Blink your eyes more When you sit in front of your system, you must blink more often. You need to do this in every 20 minutes.

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How To Protect Sensitive Eyes In Summer Everyone loves fun in the sun. We all know that too much sun causes skin damage. But did you know its ultraviolet (UV) rays can also damage the eyes? Protecting sensitive eyes in summer is crucial to prevent discomfort, damage, and potential eye conditions caused by excessive sun exposure, UV rays, and other environmental factors. Here are some tips to help protect your sensitive eyes during the summer months: 1. Wear sunglasses in bright sunlight Sunglasses are not only capable of embellishing your overall style and outfit and making you look even more stylish, but they are also very beneficial to your eyes. UV light more easily penetrates eye tissues than visible light, potentially increasing the risk of eye problems. Wearing sunglasses is the simplest and safest way to protect your eyes from UV rays. Choose sunglasses that fit well and that block light from coming in around the lenses. Opt for sunglasses with polarized lenses, as they can reduce glare and enhance visual clarity, reducing eye strain in bright conditions. Look for sunglasses with larger lenses or wraparound styles to provide maximum coverage from the sun’s rays. UV rays can seriously damage our eyesight, causing a variety of different conditions, such as cataracts, photokeratitis, and many others. If you have your favorite pair of sunglasses that are a bit scratched, yet you’re not ready to throw them away, you can always just buy replacement lenses. On this website you can easily find beautiful lenses that will give your old sunglasses a new glow. 2. Wear a hat in the heat and bright light Hats protect your eyes and your head from overheating (sunstroke). Choose a hat with a broad, dark brim that shades your eyes and reduces glare. A hat with a wide brim can provide additional shade and protection from direct sunlight, complementing your sunglasses’ effectiveness. 3. Don’t rub irritated/dry eyes When it’s hot outsides, our eyes can become dry. Dry eyes occur when you lack tear quantity or quality. Dealing with the discomfort of dry eyes can be a daily battle, and the condition can affect your vision. Irritated eyes can feel itchy. Other symptoms include: - sensitive to light - more watery than normal Here’s how you can prevent irritated/dry eyes: - clean your eyelids every day - apply warm compresses - take breaks to rest your eyes when using a computer screen - make sure your computer screen is just below eye level - use a humidifier to stop the air from getting dry - if you wear contact lenses, take them out and wear glasses to rest your eyes - get better sleep - drink enough water - Eat some omega-3 fatty acids For immediate relief, you can buy eye drops. Over-the-counter artificial tears can help lubricate your eyes and reduce irritation. Use them as needed or as recommended by your eye care professional. Stay hydrated. Drinking enough water helps maintain proper eye hydration and can reduce dry eye symptoms. 4. Avoid peak sun hours The sun’s rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If possible, limit your time outdoors during these hours or seek shade to reduce your eye’s exposure to harmful UV radiation. 5. Use protective eyewear during outdoor activities If you’re engaged in sports or activities where there’s a risk of eye injury (e.g., swimming, gardening, or sports), wear protective eyewear such as goggles or safety glasses. 6. Get regular eye check-ups Regular eye exams are essential for maintaining eye health, especially if you have sensitive eyes. An optometrist or ophthalmologist can detect any issues early on and provide appropriate recommendations. These tips are beneficial for everyone during the summer months. Equipping oneself with proper eye protection, such as sunglasses with UV and polarized lenses, along with a wide-brimmed hat, provides a solid defense against the sun’s rays. Avoiding peak sun hours and staying hydrated help minimize eye strain and dryness. By taking these precautions, you can enjoy the summer sun without compromising your eye health. In the midst of the sun-drenched festivities, regular eye check-ups remain a fundamental pillar of eye care, ensuring any issues are addressed promptly and effectively. By incorporating these simple yet effective measures, individuals with sensitive eyes can confidently embrace the joys of summer, appreciating the season’s splendor without compromising their well-being.

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https://luckyattitude.co.uk/how-to-protect-sensitive-eyes-in-summer/

2024-04-13T18:25:10Z

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This resource, part of the Inspector Manual, provides guidelines for inspectors to plan and deliver workshops for teachers. Discussion topics focus on the various inspector roles while delivering workshops, as well as the importance of getting feedback from teachers. This resource, part of the Inspector Manual, provides two example workshops, a series of questions that compare and contrast the workshops, and an experimental learning cycle workshop template. Discussion topics focus on identifying workshop objectives and incorporating the experimental learning cycle. Appendix C of the Guide to the Algerian English Curriculum for Middle School Year 4 (MS4) describes a 10- to 11- day sample unit focusing on objectives for one year of language study. Included are the general language skills covered and the stages and general steps of the lessons.

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https://maktabatmepi.org/en/countries/algeria?perpage=5

2024-04-13T18:32:04Z

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Mary Ellen Jones was born one-hundred years ago, on December 25, 1922, and went on to become one of our most distinguished alumni and the namesake of the department’s dissertation prize. She joined the lab of Joseph Fruton, a new assistant professor in the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the Medical School; her dissertation (completed in three years) was entitled, “Purification & Properties of Cathepsin C.” Every phrase in that sentence needs some explanation! Yale hasn’t always had an MB&B department, or even a biochemistry department. One of our ancestors was the Department of Physiological Chemistry (founded in 1874), which changed its name to the Department of Biochemistry in 1952 when Joe Fruton became its chair. Biochemistry merged with the Department of Molecular Biophysics in 1969 to create MB&B. Joe Fruton’s lab studied protein synthesis, but not by ribosomes (which weren’t discovered until the mid-1950s). Instead, he believed that proteins were made by proteases acting in what we consider the backward direction. (Remember the concept of microscopic reversibility?) This was an exciting idea for many years, but Fruton held on to it well beyond its expiration date. This background on Joe Fruton’s lab provides the context for Mary Ellen Jones’s dissertation. Cathepsin C is a cysteine protease that we now know cleaves dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. She studied Transamidation Reactions Catalyzed by Cathepsin C (the title of her main publication), which loosely means the swapping of one amino group for another. If a peptide is energetically activated, “this transamidation reaction lengthens the [dipeptide] chain by one amino acid reside” (last sentence of the Abstract to her dissertation), in other words, peptide synthesis. The hope that this approach and a large enough collection of proteases (synthases) could produce our panoply of proteins was never realized. Dissertation contents and formatting have changed somewhat since 1951. Can you imagine typing your dissertation (on a typewriter) and making as many as seven copies (using carbon paper)? There are 29 meticulously laid out tables (some full page), chemical structures, hand-written symbols, and six figures containing glued-in photographs. I don’t want to hear ANY complaints about the difficulty of reformatting published work into dissertation chapters! If you want to see the dissertation, it resides with many others in C-125A. (At least it will once I return it! And it you’re anything like me, pop an antihistamine before flipping through the musty pages.) After Yale Mary Ellen Jones did a postdoc with Fritz Lipmann. While she was in his lab, he shared the Nobel Prize with Hans Krebs for his discovery co-enzyme A. She became a founding member of the Department of Biochemistry at Brandeis and subsequently moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the University of Southern California. She returned to UNC in 1980 to become the first female chair of a department at the medical school (Biochemistry) and the first women at UNC to hold an endowed chair. Mary Ellen Jones discovered carbamoyl phosphate (a key component of the urea cycle and of nucleotide biosynthesis). She studied textbook enzymes involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism and was one of the first scientists to study multifunctional enzymes. Among her MANY honors were memberships in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and receipt of the Wilbur Cross Medal from Yale’s Graduate School. She was also a very active scientific citizen, serving as president of the Association of Medical School Departments of Biochemistry, of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and of the American Association of University Professors. Her most prominent recognition is serving as the namesake for a large eleven-story research building at UNC (listed on one of UNC’s websites as “Jones Building, Mary Ellen”). I hope you remember her next spring when we announce the recipient(s) of the Mary Ellen Jones Dissertation Prize. The Prize has been awarded to 23 graduates since its creation in 2008. By Mark Solomon, 2022-2023 MB&B DGS

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https://mbb.yale.edu/news/mary-ellen-jones-remembrance-her-100th-birthday?page=8

2024-04-13T19:21:54Z

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Montessori Education, Philosophy & Methods The Montessori Method of education, developed by Dr. Maria Montessori, is a child-centered educational approach based on scientific observations of children from birth to adulthood. Dr. Montessori’s Method has been time tested, with over 100 years of success in diverse cultures throughout the world. It is a view of the child as one who is naturally eager for knowledge and capable of initiating learning in a supportive, thoughtfully prepared learning environment. It is an approach that values the human spirit and the development of the whole child—physical, social, emotional, cognitive. Hallmarks of Montessori Components necessary for a program to be considered authentically Montessori include multiage groupings that foster peer learning, uninterrupted blocks of work time, and guided choice of work activity. In addition, a full complement of specially designed Montessori learning materials are meticulously arranged and available for use in an aesthetically pleasing environment. The teacher, child, and environment create a learning triangle. The classroom is prepared by the teacher to encourage independence, freedom within limits, and a sense of order. The child, through individual choice, makes use of what the environment offers to develop himself, interacting with the teacher when support and/or guidance is needed. Multiage groupings are a hallmark of the Montessori Method: younger children learn from older children; older children reinforce their learning by teaching concepts they have already mastered. This arrangement also mirrors the real world, where individuals work and socialize with people of all ages and dispositions. Dr. Montessori observed that children experience sensitive periods, or windows of opportunity, as they grow. As their students develop, Montessori teachers match appropriate lessons and materials to these sensitive periods when learning is most naturally absorbed and internalized. In early childhood, Montessori students learn through sensory-motor activities, working with materials that develop their cognitive powers through direct experience: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching, and movement. (from amshq.org, 2015)

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2024-04-13T20:19:29Z

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The more a person breathes in tiny asbestos particles, the more likely that individual will develop a large variety of lung and breathing complications. Asbestos was introduced to the construction industry over 100 years ago. It was widely considered the standard for strengthening building materials in the construction of buildings. The dangers of inhaling asbestos fibers began to surface around 1980. It does not take extreme exposure to asbestos for it to be dangerous. Most victims of asbestos exposure and asbestosis have worked or lived in an environment where there is asbestos in the building or home. These effects range from wheezing and shortness of breath to mesothelioma and lung cancer. Regardless of your condition, Medical Claim Legal can help you obtain compensation. There are a large number of lawsuits involving asbestos exposure and asbestosis. Do not let your case get passed over. Medical Claim Legal will connect you with a lawyer who is experienced and successful in the asbestos lawsuit field. To get the compensation that may be owed to you, contact Medical Claim Legal today. MedicalClaimLegal, simplifying the process for Asbestos Exposure and Asbestosis compensation Great, yet scary story this morning about the perils of asbestos–even thirty years after the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, which was signed into law in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan. It all happened at as the tiles of a flooring surface at the long-demolished Kensington Junior High were being removed. Read more about the project here. The perils of asbestos removal have long been outlined as a cause for mesothelioma. The story of mesothelioma is a tragic one dating back as far as the 1930s according to some estimates. The product that contributes most to mesothelioma cases is asbestos, which has been used in manufacturing and commerce in America for decades. If you or someone you know were impacted by asbestos and/or mesothelioma, the lawyers in the Medical Claim Legal network have been getting settlements for clients in mesothelioma cases for decades. While some mesothelioma settlements and verdicts have reached into the millions, but it’s not easy to estimate how much a person will receive prior to filing a claim. Compensation varies on claimant’s diagnosis, medical history, companies sued, where the claim is filed, proof of negligence and other factors. When asbestos is being removed, there is evidence it can have harmful and potentially life-threatening impact. There have been numerous cases and claims made against the companies in this field. For example, in Missouri a $10 million settlement was fought for by mesothelioma lawyers and awarded to a courthouse employee exposed to the chemical during a renovation project done by the U.S. Engineering.

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Within the perpetual battle in opposition to infectious illnesses, antibiotics have stood as a cornerstone of recent drugs. Because the discovery of penicillin in 1928, antibiotics have revolutionized healthcare, turning once-fatal infections into treatable circumstances. Nonetheless, this golden period is dimming because of the rise of antibiotic resistance. The World Well being Group has categorized antimicrobial resistance as a worldwide “critical menace” that impacts everybody, no matter age or nation. This looming disaster underscores the pressing want for novel antibiotics, however the discovery of recent antimicrobial brokers has been notoriously sluggish and difficult. Enter Synthetic Intelligence (AI) – a transformative power in numerous sectors, now making important inroads into healthcare and pharmaceutical analysis. AI’s position in healthcare is increasing, from bettering diagnostic accuracy in cardiovascular illnesses to providing new insights in dermatology. Within the realm of antibiotic discovery, AI’s potential is especially thrilling. Leveraging huge knowledge units and superior algorithms, AI has the aptitude to unearth novel antibiotic buildings, predict their effectiveness, and even anticipate resistance patterns. Latest breakthroughs, similar to the invention of Halicin, a robust new antibiotic recognized by AI, mark the start of a brand new period within the combat in opposition to drug-resistant micro organism. This text delves into the fascinating intersection of AI and antibiotic discovery, exploring how AI is reshaping the panorama of medical analysis and providing new hope within the quest for tremendous antibiotics. From the historical past of antibiotics to the most recent AI-driven breakthroughs, we navigate the complexities and potential of this burgeoning subject, envisioning a future the place AI not solely augments however revolutionizes our strategy to combating infectious illnesses. The Historical past of Antibiotics and the Rise of Resistance The story of antibiotics started in a serendipitous second in 1928 when Alexander Fleming found penicillin. This groundbreaking discovery opened the door to an period the place bacterial infections, as soon as a serious reason for dying, grew to become manageable. Over the a long time, a wide range of antibiotics have been developed, drastically bettering public well being and saving numerous lives. Nonetheless, the success story of antibiotics is marred by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This resistance arises when micro organism evolve mechanisms to evade the results of those medication, rendering them ineffective. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics in each human drugs and agriculture have accelerated this course of. As we speak, antibiotic resistance is a worldwide well being disaster. The World Well being Group has labeled antimicrobial resistance as a critical worldwide menace, emphasizing its potential to have an effect on anybody, of any age, in any nation. The implications of antibiotic resistance are dire. Infections that have been as soon as simply treatable have change into harmful as soon as extra. This disaster not solely threatens particular person well being but in addition burdens healthcare programs and undermines the achievements of recent drugs. Understanding the historical past of antibiotics and the rise of resistance is essential. It underscores the necessity for brand new antibiotics that may overcome resistant strains. Nonetheless, the event of recent antibiotics has not saved tempo with the rise of resistance. The previous few a long time have seen a major slowdown within the discovery of novel antibiotics, resulting in a spot in our medical arsenal in opposition to bacterial infections. This historic context units the stage for the emergence of AI as a game-changer within the subject of antibiotic discovery. The subsequent sections of this text will discover how AI applied sciences are being harnessed to deal with this pressing want, promising to usher in a brand new period of antibiotic discovery and improvement. The Creation of AI in Healthcare Synthetic Intelligence (AI) has been a buzzword in a number of sectors, however nowhere is its impression extra profound than in healthcare. AI’s position in healthcare is expansive and transformative, addressing a variety of purposes from diagnostics to remedy methods. Broad Functions of AI in Healthcare: AI algorithms have been instrumental in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and managing numerous illnesses. As an example, in cardiovascular well being, AI has proven promise in diagnosing and danger stratifying sufferers with coronary artery illness. These algorithms have additionally been utilized in predicting affected person outcomes, treatment results, and opposed occasions following therapies. This wide-ranging software signifies AI’s potential to revolutionize healthcare by offering extra exact and personalised remedy plans. AI in Dermatology and Imaging: Dermatology is one other subject the place AI has made important strides. The specialty’s reliance on imaging makes it a pure match for AI purposes. AI algorithms have been developed to course of numerous varieties of dermatological pictures, aiding within the early detection and remedy of pores and skin illnesses. The success of AI in dermatology illustrates its functionality to deal with complicated visible knowledge, a ability important for medical imaging on the whole. AI’s Position in Antibiotic Discovery: The applying of AI in antibiotic discovery is especially noteworthy. Conventional strategies of antibiotic discovery are sometimes time-consuming and expensive. AI, with its means to research huge datasets and determine patterns that people might overlook, can speed up this course of. By predicting how molecules will behave and the way micro organism may evolve, AI can information researchers in the direction of promising new antibiotic compounds. Overcoming Challenges in Drug Improvement: The method of drug improvement, from discovery to scientific trials, is fraught with challenges. AI can play a vital position on this area by optimizing drug formulations, predicting negative effects, and figuring out potential candidates for drug repurposing. This means to streamline the drug improvement course of is important within the fast-paced race in opposition to antibiotic resistance. AI in Antibiotic Discovery: A New Period The search for brand new antibiotics is taking a revolutionary flip with the combination of Synthetic Intelligence (AI). This new period is characterised by AI-driven approaches which are redefining how we uncover and develop antibiotics. Revolutionizing Drug Discovery: AI’s potential in antibiotic discovery is exemplified by current breakthroughs. One of the crucial notable is the invention of Halicin, a compound recognized utilizing AI algorithms as a potent antibiotic. This discovery, made by analyzing huge digital libraries of chemical compounds, marks a major departure from conventional strategies of drug discovery. AI’s means to course of and analyze massive datasets quickly accelerates the identification of potential antibiotic candidates, which is essential within the race in opposition to antibiotic-resistant micro organism. Predictive Capabilities of AI: Past simply discovering new compounds, AI can be enhancing our means to foretell how micro organism will evolve and the way they could develop resistance to present medication. This predictive functionality is important for staying forward within the battle in opposition to antibiotic resistance. By understanding potential resistance pathways, researchers can design antibiotics which are extra more likely to stay efficient over time. Accelerating the Analysis Course of: Historically, the method of discovering a brand new antibiotic might take a long time and infrequently comes with a excessive failure charge. AI dramatically shortens this timeline by quickly screening hundreds of molecules for his or her potential as antibiotics. This not solely saves time but in addition considerably reduces analysis prices, making the method extra environment friendly and sustainable. Tailoring Remedies: AI’s position in antibiotic discovery additionally extends to the personalization of therapies. By analyzing affected person knowledge, AI might help in predicting which antibiotics could be handiest for a specific an infection in a selected affected person. This personalised strategy might result in simpler therapies and scale back the probability of antibiotic resistance growing. Challenges and Alternatives: Whereas AI presents huge alternatives in antibiotic discovery, there are challenges as nicely. The complexity of organic programs can generally restrict the effectiveness of AI fashions. Furthermore, moral concerns and knowledge privateness considerations should be addressed as AI turns into extra built-in into healthcare. Technological Breakthroughs in AI and Microscopy The fusion of Synthetic Intelligence (AI) with superior microscopy methods is pushing the frontiers of medical analysis, significantly within the research of mobile biology and the event of recent antibiotics. AI-Enhanced Tremendous-Decision Microscopy: One of the crucial thrilling developments is the combination of AI with super-resolution microscopy. This mix permits researchers to look at mobile processes at an unprecedented stage of element. AI algorithms improve the decision of microscopic pictures, enabling the visualization of buildings and processes inside cells that have been beforehand too small to see. That is essential for understanding how micro organism operate and the way they work together with potential antibiotics. Advancing Mobile Biology Analysis: The applying of AI in mobile biology is not only about capturing higher pictures; it’s about gaining deeper insights. AI helps in analyzing complicated mobile knowledge, figuring out patterns, and drawing conclusions that will be unattainable for people to determine unaided. This results in a greater understanding of mobile mechanisms and may speed up the invention of antibiotic targets. Contributions to Antibiotic Analysis: The detailed understanding of bacterial cells, facilitated by AI and microscopy, is immediately related to antibiotic analysis. By observing how micro organism develop, divide, and react to completely different compounds, researchers can determine new methods to focus on them. This data is invaluable within the improvement of antibiotics that may overcome resistance mechanisms. Challenges and Moral Issues: Regardless of these developments, challenges stay. The immense quantity of information generated by AI-enhanced microscopy requires strong computational assets and complicated algorithms for evaluation. Moreover, moral concerns round knowledge use and affected person privateness proceed to be a priority in AI-driven analysis. Challenges and Limitations in AI-Pushed Analysis Whereas AI’s position in antibiotic discovery and healthcare is promising, it’s essential to acknowledge the challenges and limitations that include it. Understanding these points is important for a balanced view of AI’s potential in medical analysis. Information High quality and Amount: - One of many main challenges in AI-driven analysis is the standard and amount of information. AI fashions are solely nearly as good as the info they’re skilled on. Within the context of antibiotic discovery, this implies gaining access to complete, high-quality datasets of bacterial strains, their genetic data, and their response to numerous compounds. - Moreover, the huge quantity of information required for efficient AI fashions is usually a limiting issue, significantly in fields the place knowledge is scarce or troublesome to acquire. Complexity of Organic Methods: - Organic programs are extremely complicated. AI fashions generally wrestle to completely seize this complexity, resulting in oversimplified options that might not be efficient in real-world situations. - The interplay between completely different organic pathways and the exterior setting is a major problem for AI fashions, which could not all the time predict correct outcomes when coping with multifaceted organic phenomena. Moral and Privateness Considerations: - The usage of AI in healthcare raises moral and privateness considerations, particularly relating to affected person knowledge. Guaranteeing that affected person knowledge is used responsibly and with consent is paramount. - There may be additionally the moral consideration of how a lot reliance we place on AI choices in healthcare, which includes vital and infrequently life-altering choices. Technical and Computational Limitations: - AI and machine studying fashions require substantial computational energy. This is usually a limiting issue, particularly for smaller analysis establishments or in growing nations the place assets are restricted. - The event of AI fashions additionally requires experience in each computational sciences and biology, a mix that may be uncommon. - The regulatory panorama for AI in healthcare continues to be evolving. Navigating these rules, particularly for brand new and untested AI purposes, will be difficult and decelerate the tempo of innovation. Potential for Bias: - AI fashions can inadvertently study and perpetuate biases current within the coaching knowledge. This can be a important concern in healthcare, the place biased fashions can result in unequal or insufficient care. Regulatory Panorama and Coverage Implications The mixing of Synthetic Intelligence (AI) into healthcare, significantly in antibiotic discovery, brings forth a fancy internet of regulatory and coverage implications that must be navigated fastidiously. Evolving Regulatory Frameworks: - The regulatory panorama for AI in healthcare is frequently evolving. Policymakers and regulatory our bodies are working to meet up with the fast tempo of technological developments. - Guaranteeing affected person security and efficacy of AI-driven therapies stays a main concern. Regulatory our bodies just like the Meals and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US are pivotal in setting requirements and pointers for the usage of AI in healthcare settings. Information Privateness and Safety: - A major side of regulation in AI healthcare pertains to knowledge privateness and safety. The usage of affected person knowledge in AI fashions raises considerations about consent, confidentiality, and knowledge safety. - Rules just like the Basic Information Safety Regulation (GDPR) in Europe set a precedent for dealing with affected person knowledge, however comparable frameworks must be tailored globally, particularly within the context of AI. - Moral concerns are on the forefront of coverage discussions surrounding AI in healthcare. This consists of making certain equitable entry to AI-driven therapies and addressing potential biases in AI fashions. - There’s an ongoing debate concerning the extent to which AI ought to be concerned in decision-making processes in healthcare, balancing between the advantages of AI help and the necessity for human oversight. International Requirements and Cooperation: - As AI in healthcare is a worldwide phenomenon, there’s a want for worldwide requirements and cooperation to make sure consistency in regulation. - Collaboration between nations might help in sharing knowledge responsibly and ethically, which is essential for the development of AI in antibiotic discovery. Impression on Innovation: - Regulatory frameworks have to strike a stability between making certain security and selling innovation. Overly stringent rules might stifle the event of recent AI applied sciences, whereas lax rules might pose dangers to affected person security. - The participation of varied stakeholders, together with AI builders, healthcare suppliers, sufferers, and policymakers, is important to create a regulatory setting that fosters innovation whereas defending public well being. Future Prospects and Ongoing Analysis in AI and Antibiotic Discovery The way forward for AI in antibiotic discovery and healthcare is burgeoning with potentialities. The continued analysis and prospects on this subject level in the direction of an period the place AI not solely enhances however considerably enhances biomedical analysis and affected person care. Present Analysis and Improvements: - Analysis in AI-driven antibiotic discovery is at present specializing in numerous fronts. This consists of growing algorithms that may predict bacterial resistance patterns, figuring out novel compounds efficient in opposition to resistant strains, and personalizing antibiotic therapies primarily based on patient-specific knowledge. - Improvements are additionally being made in AI algorithms that may simulate and predict the outcomes of mixing completely different antibiotics, which may result in the invention of highly effective antibiotic cocktails. Collaborative Efforts and Open Science: - Collaboration between academia, trade, and healthcare establishments is essential in advancing AI in antibiotic discovery. The sharing of information and assets can speed up the tempo of discovery and improvement. - Open science initiatives, the place researchers share their knowledge and findings brazenly, have gotten more and more necessary. This strategy can democratize AI analysis, permitting for extra widespread participation and innovation. Integrating AI with Different Applied sciences: - The mixing of AI with different rising applied sciences like genomics, proteomics, and nanotechnology gives thrilling potentialities. For instance, utilizing AI to research genomic knowledge can present insights into how micro organism develop resistance and the way they are often focused extra successfully. - Nanotechnology, mixed with AI, might result in the event of focused antibiotic supply programs, bettering the efficacy and lowering the negative effects of therapies. Challenges and Future Instructions: - Regardless of the thrilling prospects, challenges stay, similar to making certain the moral use of AI, coping with knowledge privateness points, and overcoming technical and computational limitations. - Future analysis may even have to concentrate on making AI fashions extra interpretable and clear, which is essential for his or her acceptance and implementation in scientific settings. Lengthy-Time period Impression on Healthcare: - In the long run, AI has the potential to remodel healthcare, making it extra proactive and personalised. It might result in a brand new period of precision drugs the place therapies, together with antibiotics, are tailor-made to particular person sufferers. - The position of AI in preventive drugs can be important. By predicting outbreaks and resistance patterns, AI might help in devising methods to stop infections and restrict the unfold of resistant micro organism. As we replicate on the transformative impression of Synthetic Intelligence (AI) within the subject of antibiotic discovery and healthcare, just a few key factors emerge as pivotal in understanding and shaping this evolving panorama. The Transformative Position of AI: - AI is not only a instrument however a paradigm shift in how we strategy medical challenges, particularly within the subject of antibiotic discovery. Its means to course of huge quantities of information, predict outcomes, and determine novel options has opened new avenues within the combat in opposition to antibiotic-resistant micro organism. Moral and Accountable Implementation: - The development of AI in healthcare should be tempered with a powerful dedication to moral practices and accountable implementation. This consists of making certain affected person privateness, knowledge safety, and mitigating biases in AI algorithms. Collaboration and Openness: - The way forward for AI in antibiotic discovery will probably be formed by collaborative efforts throughout numerous sectors. Open science, knowledge sharing, and partnerships between academia, trade, and healthcare suppliers are essential for fostering innovation and dashing up the invention course of. Steady Adaptation and Studying: - The sector of AI is quickly evolving, and so should our approaches to integrating it into healthcare. Steady studying, adaptation, and regulatory updates are essential to hold tempo with technological developments. A Imaginative and prescient for the Future: - Wanting ahead, AI has the potential to revolutionize not simply antibiotic discovery however the complete healthcare panorama. From precision drugs to predictive analytics in public well being, AI is poised to boost our means to diagnose, deal with, and forestall illnesses, in the end bettering affected person care and public well being outcomes. In essence, the journey of integrating AI into antibiotic discovery and healthcare is simply starting. With its huge potential, AI stands to redefine the boundaries of medical analysis and observe, providing hope and new options in our ongoing battle in opposition to infectious illnesses and antibiotic resistance. As we embrace this expertise, we should achieve this with mindfulness, making certain that its advantages are realized ethically and equitably throughout the globe. Often Requested Questions on AI in Antibiotic Discovery and Healthcare Q1: How does AI assist in antibiotic discovery? - AI aids in antibiotic discovery by analyzing massive datasets to determine potential antibiotic compounds, predicting bacterial resistance patterns, and suggesting efficient remedy methods. This strategy accelerates the invention course of, which is historically time-consuming and expensive. Q2: What are some current breakthroughs in AI-driven antibiotic discovery? - A notable breakthrough is the invention of Halicin, a compound recognized utilizing AI as a potent antibiotic in opposition to a variety of micro organism, together with some antibiotic-resistant strains. Q3: What are the challenges in implementing AI in healthcare? - Challenges embrace making certain knowledge high quality and privateness, managing the complexity of organic programs, addressing moral considerations, and coping with technical and computational limitations. This fall: How is AI altering the panorama of medical analysis and affected person care? - AI is revolutionizing medical analysis and affected person care by bettering diagnostic accuracy, personalizing remedy plans, and accelerating the tempo of medical discoveries, similar to new antibiotics. Q5: What are the moral concerns associated to the usage of AI in healthcare? - Moral concerns embrace affected person knowledge privateness and consent, addressing potential biases in AI algorithms, and balancing AI help with the necessity for human oversight in scientific decision-making. Q6: What position does AI play in combating antibiotic resistance? - AI performs a vital position in combating antibiotic resistance by figuring out new antibiotics, predicting how micro organism evolve resistance, and suggesting mixture therapies to beat resistance. Q7: How can AI be built-in responsibly into healthcare programs? - Accountable integration of AI into healthcare programs includes adhering to moral requirements, making certain knowledge safety, sustaining transparency in AI algorithms, and involving numerous stakeholders in decision-making processes. Q8: Are there any regulatory challenges for AI in healthcare? - Sure, the regulatory panorama for AI in healthcare is evolving, with challenges together with setting security and efficacy requirements, knowledge privateness rules, and worldwide cooperation on AI governance. Q9: How does AI contribute to personalised drugs? - AI contributes to personalised drugs by analyzing patient-specific knowledge to suggest tailor-made remedy methods, together with the number of the best antibiotics for particular person sufferers. Q10: What future developments can we count on in AI-driven healthcare? - Future developments in AI-driven healthcare embrace developments in precision drugs, enhanced predictive analytics for public well being, integration with different applied sciences like genomics, and additional improvements in AI algorithms for medical purposes. For extra insightful updates and the most recent developments in medical expertise, together with AI-driven developments in antibiotic discovery and healthcare, observe MedTechUpdates.com. Keep knowledgeable and forward within the quickly evolving subject of medical expertise.

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What are Open Channel Flow Meters? Open channel flow meters are sophisticated measuring devices designed for accurate flow monitoring, particularly in scenarios where liquids are not confined within pipes. These meters play a crucial role in various applications, including effluent discharge and wastewater management. They provide accurate measurement of flow rates and enable precise level monitoring, making them essential tools for ensuring efficient and sustainable water management. These meters are used to accurately measure the flow rate of liquids flowing in open channels, such as rivers, streams, and drainage systems. They utilise innovative technology and level sensors to determine the depth or height of the liquid, which is then used to calculate the flow rate. By continuously monitoring and measuring the flow, these meters enable effective management of water resources and efficient control of liquid discharges. Showing all 3 results PF LV550 Portable Area/Velocity MeterRead more New: UF AV5500 Area-Velocity Flow MeterRead more UF OC5000 Open Channel Flow MeterRead more Advantages of Open Channel Flow Meters Accurate measurement is one of the key advantages of open channel flow meters. These devices provide precise and reliable measurements of flow rates, allowing operators to monitor and control the amount of liquid being discharged or transported. Accurate data on flow rates is essential for optimising processes, complying with regulations, and ensuring efficient resource utilisation. Flow monitoring is another critical function of open channel flow meters. These devices enable real-time monitoring of flow rates, providing valuable information about the behaviour and dynamics of liquids in open channels. By continuously monitoring the flow, operators can identify any fluctuations, irregularities, or changes in the flow pattern. This information is vital for troubleshooting, identifying blockages or leaks, and making necessary adjustments to optimise the flow and ensure smooth operation. In wastewater treatment plants, industrial facilities, and environmental monitoring systems, accurate measurement of effluent flow rates is essential for regulatory compliance and environmental protection. Open channel flow meters enable precise monitoring of effluent discharges, ensuring that the appropriate levels are maintained and preventing overflows or underflows that could lead to environmental contamination. Open channel flow meters are indispensable measuring devices in water resource management, hydraulic engineering, and environmental monitoring. Their advantages extend beyond accurate measurement and flow monitoring. They also offer versatility, with the ability to handle a wide range of liquids and varying flow conditions. Additionally, these meters are often equipped with advanced features such as data logging, remote monitoring capabilities, and user-friendly interfaces for data analysis and system integration. What is the best way to measure flow in an open channel? The best way to measure flow in an open channel often involves using a weir or flume. These devices are engineered structures that allow for the accurate measurement of water flow rates by creating a controlled environment for the water to pass through. By measuring the height of the water passing over the weir or through the flume, one can calculate the flow rate using established equations and calibration curves. This method is widely accepted due to its accuracy and reliability for various types of open channel flows. Micronics area velocity flowmeter installed at brewery under redevelopment. The Micronics UF AV 5000 open channel or partially-filled pipe flow meter measures velocity and level to calculate flow in pipes and open channels of any shape. It is Ideal where flumes or weirs are difficult to install and works with water levels from 25.4 mm (1″) to 4.5 m (15 ft.). “I originally discovered Micronics as long ago as 2016 following an internet search when a much older flow meter from another manufacturer had failed and we needed to monitor and record the waste water or effluent leaving a recycling plant and incinerator. The Micronics unit represented the best value for money and I have been very satisfied with its performance over that extended period of time so decided to invest in a second meter in 2019. The AV5000 is still my instrument of choice for monitoring flows in circular drains where Mcerts certification is not required.”

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In the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus published a system for classifying living things, which has been developed into the modern classification system. People have always given names to things that they see, including plants and animals, but Linnaeus was the first scientist to develop a hierarchal naming structure that conveyed information both about what the species was (its name) and also its closest relatives. The ability of the Linnean system to convey complex relationships to scientists throughout the world is why it has been so widely adopted. Despite existing for hundreds of years, the science of classification — taxonomy — is far from dead. Classification of many species, old and new, continues to be hotly disputed as scientists find new information or interpret facts in new ways. Arguments are fierce and species do change names, but only after a wealth of information has been gathered to support such a big step. One of the new reasons why species are being re-evaluated is because of DNA analysis. Basic genetic analysis information can change our ideas of how closely two species are related and so their classification can change, but how does the whole system work? Nature of science Improved technologies have altered our understanding of the world. In astronomy, the invention of the telescope enabled astronomers to observe outer space and see what they hadn’t been able to see before, and biologists use the microscope to observe the unseen world. Now, DNA technology has allowed scientists to re-examine the relationships between organisms to refine the classification system. When Linnaeus first described his system, he named only two kingdoms – animals and plants. Today, scientists think there are at least five kingdoms – animals, plants, fungi, protists (very simple organisms) and monera (bacteria). Some scientists now support the idea of a sixth kingdom – viruses – but this is being contested and argued around the world. Below the kingdom is the phylum (plural phyla). Within the animal kingdom, major phyla include chordata (animals with a backbone), arthropoda (includes insects) and mollusca (molluscs such as snails). Phyla have also been developed and reorganised since the original work by Linnaeus – as scientists discover more species, more categories and subcategories are put in place. Each phylum is then divided into classes. Classes within the chordata phylum include mammalia (mammals), reptilia (reptiles) and osteichthyes (fish), among others. The class will then be subdivided into an order. Within the class mammalia, examples of an order include cetacea (including whales and dolphins), carnivora (carnivores), primates (monkeys, apes and humans) and chiroptera (bats). From the order, the organism will be classified into a family. Within the order of primates, families include hominidae (great apes and humans), cercopithecidae (old world monkeys such as baboons) and hylobatidae (gibbons and lesser apes). Genus and species Finally, the classification will come to the genus (plural genera) and species. These are the names that are most commonly used to describe an organism. One outstanding feature of the Linnean classification system is that two names are generally sufficient to differentiate from one organism to the next. An example within the primate family is the genus Homo for all human species (for example, Homo sapiens) or Pongo for the genus of orangutan (for example, Pongo abelii for the Sumatran orangutan or Pongo pygmaeus for the Bornean orangutan). While this system of classification has existed for over 300 years, it is constantly evolving. Classification in the 1700s was based entirely on the morphological characteristics (what something looks like) of the organism. Those that looked most alike were put closest together in each category. This can be depicted as a tree, with the diverging branches showing how different the species become as you move out from the kingdoms (trunk). Now, a radical shift in the grouping of organisms is occurring with the development of DNA technologies. Sequencing of the genetic code of an organism reveals a great deal of information about its similarity with and relationship to other organisms, and this classification often goes against the traditional morphological classification. Scientists are debating which species are most closely related and why. Currently in New Zealand, there are projects to sequence kiwi and tuatara DNA that may revolutionise the way we think about these species and their closest living relatives. However, DNA technology is still expensive and time-consuming, so the first step in any classification continues to rely on a comparison of morphological features, similar to the process that Linnaeus undertook in the 1700s. Your students can learn more about how the Linnaean classification system works with this activity, Insect mihi. Students write a formal introduction for an insect species of their choice, including information about the insect’s relationship to other animals and also the land. Find out more Classification is not a field that stays still and this means scientists and taxonomists sometimes have to reassess classifications. Learn more in Leon Perrie's thought provoking blog, Why do scientific names change?

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Trapped in the shifting sands, there exists a captivating sight that sparks curiosity and wonder—the Buried Houses. These forgotten dwellings, now engulfed by the relentless march of time and nature, stand as silent witnesses to a forgotten era. Once inhabited and full of life, these houses now lie partially or completely buried beneath the undulating dunes. The shifting sands have claimed them as their own, preserving fragments of history and revealing glimpses of a bygone time. The scene is both eerie and enchanting, drawing adventurers and archaeologists alike to explore the secrets hidden beneath the surface. The Buried Houses exist in various parts of the world, each with its own story to tell. Some were once bustling towns or villages, now buried beneath layers of sand due to natural phenomena such as desertification or the encroachment of shifting dunes. Others were victims of powerful sandstorms or the gradual accumulation of windblown sand over the centuries. As one stands amidst the desolate landscape, the outlines of the buried houses emerge, partially exposed and weathered by the elements. Doors and windows, now mere openings to the past, offer a glimpse into the lives that once thrived within these walls. The architecture and construction techniques reflect the ingenuity and resilience of those who built these homes, adapting to the harsh desert environment. Walking through the remnants of these buried houses, the imagination takes flight. Whispers of conversations, laughter, and daily routines seem to linger in the air. Each room holds a story, frozen in time, waiting to be unraveled. Broken pottery, remnants of furniture, and traces of personal belongings hint at the lives that were lived here, evoking a sense of nostalgia and a longing to understand the people who once called this place home. The Buried Houses also serve as a stark reminder of the transience of human existence and the power of nature’s forces. They stand as a testament to the impermanence of our achievements, a reminder that even the most solid structures can be overtaken by the relentless march of time.

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For many years I have been getting on soapboxes at conferences and in keynotes stating that “the project profession” is waking up to sustainability but is not paying enough attention to bio-diversity. If we could put in place regenerative practices, we could address many issues, including the climate crisis. Biodiversity loss is one of humanity’s most pressing environmental issues. The main threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, over-harvesting, pollution, and the introduction of invasive species. Habitat destruction caused by human activities such as logging, mining, and unsustainable agricultural practices has been the leading cause of biodiversity degradation. As land is cleared for these activities and topsoil is infused with deadly chemicals (cough cough Monsanto), species are forced out of their homes as their habitats are destroyed, and they can no longer survive in their natural environments. This has devastatingly affected species’ populations worldwide and is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity in the next ten years. Also, the overharvesting of animals for food or other purposes is a major driver of biodiversity loss. When more animals are taken from their environment than can be replaced through reproduction, this leads to a decline in population size, damaging ecosystems as entire species become threatened with extinction or go extinct altogether. In addition, overfishing of aquatic ecosystems poses an additional threat to biodiversity since it removes essential nutrients from water bodies that help sustain other forms of life. In 2022 alone, 7 animals went extinct. Check out the list here. We can no longer behave as though we rule nature. We must accept that we are all interconnected and function as a steward for preservation. Our continued release of pollutants into air and water systems impacts local wildlife populations by reducing oxygen levels or contaminating food sources which can have devastating effects on entire ecosystems. Given this complex situation it’s important that we come up with ways to combat these threats if we want future generations to enjoy our planet’s abundance. What do we focus on climate change or biodiversity loss? The answer is both. Biodiversity loss and climate change are inextricably linked, with each exacerbating the other. Fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming and climate change while deforestation and everything else I shared earlier is caused by human actions and directly reduces biodiversity, has a significant impact on our climate. By disturbing natural habitats we reduce their ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and therefore increase its concentration. Conversely, climate change leads to more extreme weather events such as heatwaves, drought or floods which further threaten biodiversity due to their ability to disrupt or damage ecosystems. We must strive for effective conservation strategies and sustainable human activities if we are to preserve both biodiversity and our planet’s future. It is much easier most people wrap our collective heads around direct impacts to bio-diversity than to understand how our work impacts climate change because we can see the effects immediately. Question for you the reader: have heard of the COP System and know where one of the last one was held? If I said Montreal was the last one you might scratch your head and say “huh?” There is more than one COP and the climate conference gets all the attention. That is part of the problem. The climate COP has become the equivalence of Davos. Meanwhile the Biodiversity COP gets no love, which is unfortunate. Take a look at the Nine Planetary Boundaries. The nine planetary boundaries are: climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, ocean acidification, land-use and freshwater use changes, nitrogen and phosphorous inputs to the biosphere and oceans, biogeochemical flows (such as phosphorus and nitrogen cycles), novel entities (including chemical pollution and microplastics), aerosol loading and biodiversity loss. These boundaries were identified by a team of international scientists in 2009 as essential for humanity’s survival on Earth. Crossing any of these boundaries could lead to serious long-term consequences and so scientists recommend avoiding reaching them at all costs. The green circle in the middle of the picture below is acceptable boundaries. Climate Change is one boundary that we have gone beyond acceptable limits on. Biosphere integrity however…. We have gone way beyond acceptable limits. For more visit the Stockholm Resilience Center. OK, now what? Projects Projects Projects! Projects present us with an opportunity when it comes to finding solutions for global biodiversity problems since they provide a framework for action while also offering opportunities for innovation and helping build capacity in local communities so everyone can benefit from successful initiatives like protected areas programs or sustainable agriculture practices. Here are three simple reasons why projects are so important when it comes to solving global problems surrounding endangered wildlife and habitats: Projects provide a framework for taking action on specific issues related to conservation efforts. Increasing numbers of endangered species or restoring vital habitats like coral reefs while also bringing together stakeholders from different backgrounds who may not ordinarily interact with each other allowing us to explore new ideas and approaches that may not have been considered before. By creating a roadmap outlining clear goals that all participants must agree upon we know everyone is working towards the same outcome giving us a greater chance at achieving success. Projects encourage innovation. Leveraging diverse groups of people from different sectors allow us to examine complex ecological issues from different angles coming up with creative solutions that would otherwise be overlooked. For example bringing together business owners, policy makers, researchers, local community members etc will enable us to apply different skillsets resulting in more effective strategies being implemented. Projects help build capacity for local communities. Provide opportunities to develop sustainable methods to manage resources while also increasing economic benefits through launching eco-tourism schemes or sustainable agricultural practices. These types of initiatives allow locals to gain livelihood directly related to protecting wildlife ensuring sustainability long term goal ultimately benefiting everyone involved. Taking steps towards preserving our planet’s precious biodiversity doesn’t have to be daunting task thanks tools available, such as our P5 Standard, P5 Impact Analysis, and Sustainability Management Plan). What specific practices do we at GPM recommend? Here is a sneak peak to some of the guidance in the new P5 Standard 3.0 for Biodiversity. - Work to achieve a net positive impact (NPI) by ensuring that any negative impacts from the project are outweighed by biodiversity gains. - Incorporating data-driven strategies for monitoring resource usage and predicting sustainable trends in natural ecosystems. - Establish living systems and regenerative land management practices to promote sustainable agriculture and forestry practices, and support the diversity of species. - Utilize integrated pest management techniques that prioritize natural predators over chemical pesticides to protect beneficial species, biodiversity, and human health. - Develop strategies for preserving habitat and species through specific protection measures, such as national parks, reserves, corridors, and conservation easements. - Take action to mitigate climate change by transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels, and restoring natural ecosystems for carbon sequestration purposes. - Implement collaborative approaches between local communities, corporations, academic institutions, and other stakeholders with a focus on advancing regenerative development goals for sustainable development initiatives & biodiversity conservation efforts. Protection of biological diversity helps to achieve the following sustainable project outcomes: - Healthy ecosystems that protect food, fiber, medicines, and other potential resources. - Future access to land and other natural resources. - Improved reputation among regulators and within the communities that the project affects. - Continued availability of ecosystem services such as atmospheric regulation, nutrient cycling, and pollination. We can do more.

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https://myproject.co.il/the-project-profession-and-biodiversity-we-need-to-mind-our-impacts/

2024-04-13T18:49:56Z

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What is a Sore Throat? A skin ulcer, which is in many cases called a bubble, is a knock that structures when discharge gathers inside the tissue of the body. A boil can appear on any spot of the body, and generally is innocuous. Normal regions incorporate your armpit, base of your spine, crotch, rear-end, or tooth. An Abscess can be excruciating and warm to the touch. Individuals who have more fragile invulnerable frameworks will generally get these a larger number of frequently than others. A skin sore is somewhat not quite the same as a canker. They are as yet a shut pocket of tissue, however, might be loaded up with liquid, discharge, or other material. These can likewise appear anyplace on the body, however, are regularly sluggish developing, and effortless. Skin pimples are normally portrayed as feeling like enormous peas under the skin. Causes & Treatment What causes abscesses or cysts? Skin abscesses are brought about by the fiery reaction to an irresistible cycle, normally microorganisms entering the skin. This can occur as the aftereffect of the deterrent of sweat or oil organs, an exciting hair follicle, or a minor cut of the skin. The fiery reaction sets off the development of a hole to contain the contamination and keep it from going to different pieces of the body. The inside of the canker then condenses making discharge and limited enlarging create. This How are abscesses and cysts treated? Despite the fact that skin blisters cause no aggravation except if they crack or become tainted, they will not vanish without treatment. Sometimes, they might require waste similar to a canker, yet this won’t fix the growth. On the off chance that it is aggravated, a cortisone infusion might be utilized to shrivel it. On the off chance that the growth isn’t answering treatment or constantly repeats, medical procedures might be expected to eliminate it and forestall further issues.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://naemchub.com/sore-throat/

2024-04-13T19:50:59Z

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en

Patterns of speech may be telltales of particular symptoms DIAGNOSING MENTAL illness is difficult. Giving broad names such as “schizophrenia” and “bipolar disorder” to particular sets of symptoms helps psychiatrists and patients discuss and treat what is going on, but many traits are symptomatic of more than one such named condition, giving plenty of scope for mislabelling. Moreover, the specialised interviews required to detect the presence of particular traits are time-consuming and require specific training to conduct. A shortcut to reliable psychiatric diagnoses would therefore be desirable. Justin Baker, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School, and Louis-Philippe Morency, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh, think they have one. As they told the International Conference on Multimodal Interaction in Boulder, Colorado, on October 19th, they believe they can extract a lot of relevant information from patients’ speech patterns. Rather than tackle all mental illness at once, Dr Baker and Dr Morency focused on psychosis. This is the experience by a patient of hallucinations or delusions—in other words of a “reality” at variance with the general consensus of other people. Psychosis is particularly symptomatic of schizophrenia, but is also common in bipolar disorder. And it is, in turn, capable of division into traits of its own, such as impulsive hostility, emotional withdrawal, conceptual disorganisation and delusions of grandeur. These can be used to refine an initial diagnosis of a broader condition. To test the idea that patterns of word use might help diagnose such traits, Dr Baker and Dr Morency let their computers loose on transcripts of 53 interviews with 28 psychotic patients at the McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. These were people who had been studied thoroughly by conventional psychiatric techniques. They had therefore had their specific psychotic traits classified. And patterns the two researchers did indeed find. For example, patients who commonly used power-related words like “important”, “superiority” and “exploit” generally turned out to have the traits of delusions and grandiosity. Conversely, there was an inverse correlation between patients’ use of words relating to time and space, such as “yesterday”, “lately” and “nearby”, and the trait of poor reality monitoring. Those who rarely or never used these words showed significant detachment from reality. In addition to these specific correlations, the overall severity of a patient’s psychosis, regardless of the detailed pattern of traits, appeared to correlate with his use of emotionally loaded words. The absence of positive words in a transcript, and a preponderance of negative ones, such as “gloomy”, “dark” and “sadly”, was characteristic of those whose psychotic disorder was severe. Nor was frequency of word use the only signal that Dr Baker and Dr Morency’s computers picked up. They also noticed patterns in phenomena called sentence repair and language perplexity. Everyone repairs sentences from time to time during conversations, saying things like “John likes, I mean, loves Mary.” But constant repairing is rare in the mentally healthy. Dr Baker and Dr Morency, however, found it common in patients who had the psychotic traits of apathy, avolition and defensiveness. Language perplexity is a measure of how easy it is, partway through a sentence, to guess what is coming next. The harder it is to do this for a given individual’s speech, the more perplexing is his language. And the more perplexing a psychotic patient’s language is, Dr Baker and Dr Morency discovered, the more likely it is that his particular traits include excitement and conceptual disorganisation. The study Dr Baker and Dr Morency have carried out is small, and so will need confirmation using larger groups of patients. But if that confirmation comes, it will give psychiatrists a new diagnostic tool. And it is a tool that might eventually be applied to areas other than psychosis. Dementia and Parkinson’s disease, too, are thought to shape speech in subtle ways as they begin to develop. The Baker-Morency approach might thus permit earlier diagnosis of these conditions as well.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://namisanmateo.org/a-simpler-better-way-to-diagnose-mental-illness/

2024-04-13T19:18:27Z

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Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) What do we need to know to stop biodiversity decline, at all levels of life ranging from genes, species, communities, habitats to entire ecosystems? Our climate system is undergoing dramatic changes. We use our expertise to understand the impact on biodiversity, and the capacity of natural systems to help mitigate climate change. Sustainable use of land & water Healthy surface water and soils are essential for life on earth, providing diverse life-support functions. How are these ecosystem services affected by human activity, and how can we change this? Ecology for Life! The scientists at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) study nature. How does it work? What changes? We can use that knowledge - from DNA to landscape - towards biodiversity recovery, climate policy and a sustainable society. Latest news & events Toxic algae? Bird personality? Carbon storage in food forests? Rewilding or future-proof nature? NIOO has the experts! We share our results with the scientific world through scientific journals. From specialist publications to broad interest titles such as Nature and Science.

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https://nioo.knaw.nl/en?f%5B0%5D=tags%3A221&f%5B1%5D=tags%3A251&f%5B2%5D=tags%3A540&term=&sort_by=search_api_relevance&page=0

2024-04-13T18:49:47Z

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en

Human population growth and urbanization have accelerated dramatically in recent centuries, providing unprecedented opportunities for microbes that use our bodies as vehicles for their own propagation and transmission. These conditions have led to the emergence of virulent new pathogens and the increased prevalence of “classic” scourges, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tenacious microbe is transmitted via infectious aerosols produced by individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infection is lifelong and symptomatic tuberculosis may develop following a period of clinical latency lasting for months, years, or decades. The first part of this lecture provides an overview of the natural history of TB infection and the global impact of TB on human health. Tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of human disease and death despite the introduction of vaccination in 1921 and chemotherapy in 1952. Although these interventions are inexpensive and widely available their impact is limited. The effectiveness of vaccination is unclear; in clinical trials, the protection conferred by vaccination has been variable and generally poor. Although chemotherapy can be highly effective, multiple drugs must be administered for 6-9 months to provide a reliable cure; the majority of tuberculosis patients are unable or unwilling to complete such a demanding regimen unless closely supervised. The second part of this lecture will discuss the challenges facing development of more effective vaccines and drugs for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The principal obstacle to successful treatment of tuberculosis is the lengthy duration of current regimens, which require administration of multiple drugs for 6-9 months. The requirement for prolonged therapy is attributed to sub-populations of bacillary “persisters” that are refractory to antimicrobials. The persisters are not drug-resistant in the conventional (heritable) sense and it is a mystery why they are spared whilst their genetically identical siblings are killed. The third part of this lecture describes recent work in our laboratory using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy to analyze the behavior of drug-stressed bacteria at single-cell resolution. These studies challenge conventional views of how antimicrobials kill (or fail to kill) bacteria. All pathogens must acquire and assimilate nutrients from their hosts in order to grow and multiply — our tissues are literally their food — yet surprisingly little is known about this fundamental aspect of the pathogenic lifestyle. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis might utilize fatty acids as its principal carbon and energy source during infection. The fourth part of this lecture describes work in our laboratory that is focused on identifying the metabolic pathways that are essential for growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis in vivo. Some of these pathways are potentially interesting targets for antimicrobial drug development, as they are not found in human cells.

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https://oer.lib.polyu.edu.hk/catalog?f%5Bdiscipline_2_sim%5D%5B%5D=Health+Sciecnes&f%5Bkeywords_sim%5D%5B%5D=Public+health&f%5Blanguage_sim%5D%5B%5D=English&locale=en&per_page=10&search_field=all_fields&sort=score+desc%2Cpolyu_course_used_sim+desc

2024-04-13T20:06:32Z

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en

The rotator cuff consists of a group of four muscles that reside deep in the shoulder area beneath the bulkier upper arm muscle called the deltoid. The four muscles termed the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor attach to the top portion of the arm bone called the humerus. 02 Rotator Cuff Tear The management of rotator cuff tearing is individualized to each patient base on the patient’s current symptoms and future goals. Studies have shown that many patients can achieve satisfactory results and improved shoulder function without surgery even in cases in which the rotator cuff has a full thickness tear. 04 SLAP Tears Superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries that occur to the labrum at its upper most aspect near the attachment of the biceps tendon. SLAP tears generally occur from chronic overuse and in particular overhead activity and are common in the middle aged and older population. Surgery is often unnecessary in these cases. 06 Biceps Tendon The biceps tendon is a long cord-like structure that represents the uppermost extension of the long head of the biceps muscle. It rests in a groove at the top of the arm bone (humerus) and is situated between the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons of the rotator cuff and ultimately attaches to a structure inside the shoulder called the labrum. Shoulder bursitis refers to inflammation of one of the multiple bursae that reside about the shoulder. A layer or bursa material often referred to as a sac helps to minimize direct contact and friction as muscle and tendon come into close contact with bony structures. In the shoulder this most often involves the subacromial and subdeltoid bursae which can become inflamed as the space between the upper arm (humerus) and the corner of the shoulder blade (acromion) closes down with elevation and some rotation of the arm. 10 Tendinosis / Tendinitis Many of the problems that occur around the shoulder involved long term damage to the surrounding tendons in the area. Tendons are connective tissue structures that attach muscle to bone and allow the muscles to exert their effect on the skeleton. Most tendon problems occur as a result of aging and normal use though acute injuries can certainly lead to further damage. 12 Shoulder Separation A shoulder separation occurs when the ligaments that connect the end of the collarbone (clavicle) to the corner of the shoulder blade (acromion) are injured. Depending on the degree of damage to the ligaments the clavicle may show no outward sign of deformity or may become displaced and appear raised relative to the acromion. Arthritis describes a condition where the cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they form a joint deteriorates, affecting joint function. In the shoulder this can occur in the ball and socket joint (glenohumeral joint) or the joint where the collarbone meets the corner of the shoulder blade (acromioclavicular joint).

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://ohioshouldercenter.com/product-details/common-conditions/

2024-04-13T19:16:33Z

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An official website of the State of Oregon How you know » (how to identify a Oregon.gov website) An official website of the State of Oregon » You are here: At full throttle, the chain speed on a chain saw can reach 45 mph. At that speed, you don’t have much time to react to one of the most common chain saw hazards: kickback. Kickback can occur when the tip of the guide bar touches an object, or when the wood closes in and pinches the saw chain in the cut. Either of these reactions may cause you to lose control of the saw. Before using a chain saw, always read the owner’s manual and make sure you understand and follow the manual’s safety precautions and warnings. No items are currently available A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. A lock icon ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Only share sensitive information on official, secure websites. Your browser is out-of-date! It has known security flaws and may not display all features of this and other websites. Learn how

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://osha.oregon.gov/Pages/topics/chain-saws.aspx

2024-04-13T19:03:30Z

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en

Muscle spasms occur when a muscle is irritated and they begin to spasm in order to protect themselves from further injury. A muscle may be used over and over for and tighten over time, but the muscle may not go into spasm until a simple movement occurs. So even the simplest task such as picking up a cup could lead to a painful muscle spasm. This can feel like tightness in the muscles of the affected area. If the initial injury is not treated the spasms will continue. The common symptoms of stiffness, pain and swelling in joints could easily affect the surrounding muscles and give you mixed signals. Therefore , recognizing whether the pain comes from a joint or a muscle may not be an easy task for someone suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. There are also some homes remedies to relieve muscle pain. These include treatments like putting ice packs, engaging in physical aides such as wrist, wraps or back braces that tend to minimize muscle strain via helping to hold joints and bones in correct positions. muscle pain after exercise: 1 . Amino Acids – These are very inexpensive and can be purchased at your local vitamin store for less than $ 7 for a 15 day supply. 2 . Fish Oil – Fish oil contains Omega 3 fatty acids and will reduce inflammation in the joints as well as shorten the length of your muscle pain. 3. Aspirin – This is a tried and true pain reliever. 2-4 aspirin tablets taken a few hours after a workout will help reduce DOMS. 4. Stretching – Performing a few minutes of stretching before a workout or sports activity will not only help eliminate later muscle pain but will also help prevent serious injury. With this cause of lower back muscle pain, the reason you feel it in this region is because the lower back muscles are the ones that do the extra work when lifting and carrying things. If you had a stronger core, however , you would feel the deep abdominal muscles engage when you properly lifted items and would be able to avoid lower back muscle pain. The best treatment protocol is to never allow the muscle pain to start but with chronic pain patients it’s rare for any patient to have effective intervention prior to the muscle pain starting. Muscle pain is generally a secondary pain originating due to guarding, shielding, and posturing due to original pain sourcing. To reduce muscle pain you can have regular massages, use ice packs, or resting periods. There are also certain lotions and balms that provide muscle pain relief. Natural Remedies to Reduce Muscle Pain 1 . Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night. 2 . Take a green-lipped mussel oil supplement. 3. Massage a blend of essential oils of arnica, Calendula and St John’s work into the affected painful area. 4. Eat a whole food, mineral rich diet with plenty of vegetables and whole grains. There are many causes of joint pains making you restless and bothersome. Joint pain is not the disease itself but the symptom of mild to serious disease. Fever can be the cause of generalized joint pains. It can be caused due to sprain or ligament injury, cartilage tearing, dislocations and sports injuries such as tennis elbow and swimmers shoulder in the case of injuries with swelling and redness around the injured part. Another way to control the pain is by simply applying ice on the affected muscle. Cold temperature can relax the muscle and make the swelling controllable. It can manage the pain quickly because the ice will reduce the inflammation of the muscle. Use cold compress method within the first 72 hours of muscle pain. There are several herbal oils that can have a wonderful effect on muscle pains. Some of the oils that are prevalently used for muscle pain massages include castor oil and olive oil. The massage must be done by an expert, always moving the hands in the direction of the pain. The idea is to allow the muscle wastes to enter the circulatory stream of the body and then go out with the other wastes. Done properly, a single massage session should be great for muscle pain relief. Chronic pain in the upper back that is not relieved by any of the above treatments can be a sign of a more serious condition. If this is the case, consult a doctor. You might be suffering from scoliosis (misalignment of the spine), which can be corrected surgically. If you have seriously injured your back muscles, your doctor might also try ultrasound treatments for a deep muscle massage. What is the most popular muscle relaxant? Some of the popular and commonly prescribed muscle relaxants are briefly described below. These are prescription drugs and are typically only used when other medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have not provided sufficient pain relief from muscle spasms. Brand names: Lioresal, Lioresal Double Strength. Best for: Muscle spasms and tightness caused by spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis. Dosage forms: Tablet, solution, suspension, packet. Common side effects: Drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and muscle weakness. Brand names: Soma, Vanadom. Best for: Painful muscle and bone conditions like acute low back pain or neck pain. Dosage forms: Tablet. Common side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache. Note: Carisoprodol (Soma) tablet is a Schedule IV controlled substance with abuse potential (it can be habit-forming). Brand names: Robaxin, Robaxin-750. Best for: Painful muscle and bone conditions like back pain. Dosage forms: Tablet, injection. Common side effects: Dizziness, headache, blurred vision, flushing, nausea. Brand names: Zanaflex, Comfort Pac with Tizanidine. Best for: Muscle cramping and tightness caused by multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Dosage forms: Tablet, capsule. Common side effects: Fatigue, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation. Brand names: Lorzone, Remular-S, Parafon Forte DSC. Best for: Painful musculoskeletal conditions. Dosage forms: Tablet. Common side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea. Brand names: Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid, FusePaq Tabradol. Best for: Muscle spasms, pain, stiffness, and discomfort caused by strains and sprains. Dosage forms: Tablet, extended-release capsule, suspension. Common side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision. Brand names: Skelaxin. Best for: Painful bone and muscle conditions like sprains, strains, and muscle injuries. Dosage forms: Tablet, injection. Common side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting. Brand names: Norflex. Best for: Pain, discomfort, stiffness (increased muscle tone) caused by strains, sprains, and muscle injuries, shaking or trembling in Parkinson’s disease. Dosage forms: Extended-release tablet. Common side effects: Dry mouth, dizziness, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, difficulty urinating. Brand names: Dantrium. Best for: Muscle cramps and tightness associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord injuries. Dosage forms: Capsule, injection. Common side effects: Drowsiness, light sensitivity.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

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Dental coverage is available to about 50% of Americans with private insurance, although it typically excludes any aesthetic operations, including teeth whitening. The typical annual cap for dental insurance is $1,500 on average. It has a three-tier structure and only covers procedures strictly related to health and wellness. - Cosmetic procedures are typically not covered by dental insurance policies. - Dental insurance typically covers three categories of care: preventive, essential care, and major work. - Dental insurance often pays for cleanings, sealants, and X-rays on a semi-annual or annual basis. - Whitening your teeth is a cosmetic procedure. This indicates that it is an optional procedure rather than one that the patient’s health requires. Sadly, the majority of insurance plans—including dental insurance—do not cover cosmetic dentistry. - Whiter teeth do not have to be out of the question due to insurance coverage. You can take steps to reduce the price of teeth whitening. Avoiding Stains in the First Place While maintaining good dental hygiene reduces stains, occasionally they cannot be avoided. Discoloration is divided into two categories by dentists: intrinsic and extrinsic. Because intrinsic stains are a natural component of the tooth’s composition, bleaching will not remove them. The causes of intrinsic stains are inheritance and ageing. A high fever during a critical moment when tooth enamel is developing or an excessive amount of fluoride in drinking water are other potential causes. Fluoride causes white spots on the teeth. Little can be done to eliminate these intrinsic stains because they are a natural component of the tooth. Food, drink, or smoke stains are examples of extrinsic stains. For instance, cigarettes and coffee might discolour your teeth. Additionally, microorganisms from improper oral hygiene might result in stains. Extrinsic stains are bad news, but the good news is that people can avoid them by maintaining good oral hygiene, and they can usually be eradicated. The two primary categories of stain-removal items are. Over-the-counter solutions known as at-home products range in price from cheap (tooth whitening toothpaste, rinses, and gel strips) to more expensive (home whitening kits). Dentists are also able to whiten discoloured teeth. Although their solutions are frequently more expensive, they produce outcomes that last for a shorter period of time. How Much Does Teeth Whitening Cost? Depending on the whitening technique you choose (at John T Green DDS), the price of teeth whitening will change. While professional whitening techniques are generally more expensive than at-home kits, the results may not be as noticeable right away and they may require more frequent application. Your geographic location, whether any extra operations are required, how frequently you have the procedure done, and the technology used for the teeth whitening all may have an impact on the total cost of the procedure. The typical price of teeth whitening The most pricey and efficient way to whiten teeth is with a laser whitening procedure, which typically costs around $1,000. The cost of in-office teeth whitening is roughly $600, which is significantly more expensive than the $5 to $50 price range of take-home kits or other teeth whitening products like gels, gums, or whitening toothpastes. However, in-office teeth whitening will produce a noticeably brighter smile because your dentist can use a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Having a custom tray made to meet your specific dental needs is a popular choice for patients who want faster and better results but are concerned about the cost. Your dentist will provide you instructions for wearing the trays at home after the tray has been created. These customised systems typically cost $250 to $500 plus an additional $30 for yearly upkeep. Keeping Stains From Appearing The most frequent causes of tooth discoloration include poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, and excessive consumption of particular foods and beverages. Teeth discoloration may sometimes be a symptom of a deeper problem. Here are a few things you may do to enhance the appearance of your teeth if you want them to be lighter and brighter and want to save money on high office costs. Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene on a daily basis is one of the best ways to prevent and treat discoloured teeth. Make sure to brush and floss your teeth twice a day, ideally with fluoride- or whitening-containing toothpaste. Changing your toothbrush every three to four months is also crucial. Avoid Foods That Stain: Even while it may be difficult, soda, tea, or a nice glass of wine can all contribute significantly to the discoloration of your teeth. Additionally, certain berries and tomato sauce might discolour your teeth. Stop Smoking: There are many reasons why it is a good idea to stop smoking, one of which is that tobacco usage can harm your health and stain your teeth, especially if you use smokeless tobacco. Routine Dental Exams: In addition to leading a healthy lifestyle and paying attention to your diet, having regular dental exams every six months (or more frequently for patients at risk for periodontal problems) will enable your dentist to remove plaque and stains that will make your smile look brighter. What are the pros and cons of professional teeth whitening? Results from professional in-office tooth whitening appear quite quickly. There is no requirement that you attend more sessions or continue the therapy for a number of weeks. You can walk out of the dentist’s office smiling. Because professional teeth whitening uses safe, non-toxic solutions that won’t damage your enamel or gums, it is also risk-free. Additionally, contemporary peroxide teeth whitening gels don’t penetrate the teeth as deeply as older gels did, and the dentist additionally employs desensitizers like fluoride and potassium nitrate. You don’t experience much sensitivity as a result. However, outcomes from professional teeth whitening might vary, so you might not get what you’re hoping for. Additionally, professional in-office teeth whitening isn’t a long-term solution, so you might need to schedule follow-up appointments every few weeks or months to keep your teeth from reverting to their pre-whitening state. What kind of stains is teeth whitening incapable of removing? With professional in-office teeth whitening, you may get rid of all the surface stains on your enamel and discolouration brought on by things like ageing, smoking, and consuming meals like coffee, soda, and red wine. However, teeth that appear discoloured due to inorganic factors, dental trauma to the dentin, use of tetracycline antibiotics during the early years of teeth formation, and excessive fluoride exposure won’t be improved by professional teeth whitening. In order to determine whether teeth whitening will be effective for you, please choose a dentist in my area.

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https://pakoption.org/how-much-does-teeth-whitening-cost-with-insurance/

2024-04-13T18:50:24Z

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Prince Edward Island National Park The chance of seeing wildlife is one of the most exciting things about national parks. However, it is important to treat wild animals with the respect they deserve. Once animals become accustomed to being around people, they are in danger of losing that very thing that makes them special - their wildness. Approaching them too closely threatens their survival and can pose a risk to you as well. Remember: - Feeding or enticing wildlife is unlawful. - Put your food and garbage away. Foxes and other animals may be attracted to your food. - Keep dogs on leashes at all times. Dogs are prohibited on beaches from April 1 - Oct. 15. Understanding coyote behaviour The fall is a time of transition for Eastern coyotes. The young are approaching adult size as the summer ends, becoming more independent as they hone their hunting and foraging skills and explore areas further away from their den. Throughout the fall, young coyotes leave their den to search for their own territories and mates, testing out hunting techniques and exploring new areas. During this time, coyotes in PEI National Park may approach humans and domestic animals with curiosity as they encounter them for the first time. Generally, this type of behavior is not aggressive and the young coyote will flee with the slightest noise or movement in their direction. As winter breeding season approaches, adult male coyotes become very protective over their home territories, as this space is associated with the availability of breeding females. During this time, adult male coyotes are very intolerant of other canines within their territories and may demonstrate bold, or even aggressive, behavior towards domestic dogs. If you are approached by a coyote, it is important to react in the following way: - Always keep dogs on a leash. - Do not run. Back away slowly. - Act big: wave arms and sticks above your head. - Make lots of noise. Please report coyote sightings in the park to Parks Canada Dispatch at 1-877-852-3100. Learn more about what to do when encountering coyotes (PDF, 181 KB). Although uncommon in the park, ticks are present and may carry Lyme Disease. Learn more about Lyme disease and tick prevention. There are two main types of jellyfish that surface in our Prince Edward Island waters: the Arctic Red, or Lion's Mane, Jellyfish and the White Moon Jellyfish. The Arctic Red is larger and more common than the White Moon, which is translucent and lacks the long red tentacles. The tentacles of the Arctic Red Jellyfish are used to stun their prey (zooplankton) before feeding. These are the same tentacles that may give slight stinging or mild burning sensations when people come in contact with them. There is no need to panic, though; the remedy surrounds you at the ocean's edge! By rubbing wet sand over the irritated area, you can usually alleviate most of the discomfort caused by the sting of an Arctic Red Jellyfish. If you encounter injured or vulnerable wildlife, please call Parks Canada Dispatch at 1-877-852-3100 so that trained staff, such as veterinarians and wildlife officers, can handle the situation. The Dispatch Centre is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. - Date modified :

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https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/pe/pei-ipe/securite-safety/animaux-wildlife

2024-04-13T19:34:46Z

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Brazil’s Amazon: The Shrinking Tropical Forest For humans and many of the earth’s inhabitants, everyday life happens inland. We play, live, eat, and build our homes in the land that surrounds us. Without land, forests and ecosystems, life on earth would be more challenging for us. For hundreds of years, humans have learned how to co-exist and take the necessary resources needed to sustain life from the land they live in. However, in the last few decades, our rapid growth and expansion have threatened many land ecosystems and have endangered many living plants and animals. We need to do better because there is no planet B. Earth is our home, and we need to be conscious of how we use and distribute the available natural resources. With this in mind, the United Nations have created goal 15, Life on Land, with the mission to “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss”. To do this, the UN has proposed to work globally to end deforestation and restore degraded forests. Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees, animals and vegetation to make room for something other than forest. The area is often converted to non-forest use or human-made structures. Deforestation can involve the conversion of forest land into farms, homes, scientific, or urban use. It can also include clearing land for using the trees for fuel, construction or manufacturing. According to The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Drax, the world has a total forest area of 4.06 billion hectares, representing 31% of the world’s total land area. However, the world has lost 178 million hectares of forest since 1990, which is an area about the size of Libya. More than half (54%) of the world’s forests are concentrated in five countries – the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China. Brazil’s Amazon: The Shrinking Tropical Forest According to the National Institute of Space and Research (INPE), 11,088 sq km (4,281 sq miles) of rainforest were destroyed from August 2019 to July 2020. This shows an increase of 9.5% from the previous year. The Amazon has served humans for hundreds of years as a source of food shelter and by helping clear the air from CO2 emissions. The Amazon is also home to about three million species of plants and animals and one million indigenous people. Over the past half-century, plants and soil have consistently absorbed around 30% of human-made CO2 emissions, even as those emissions increased by 50% over that period. However, this is now taking its toll, as researchers reported to the Nature Climate Change journal recently that from 2010 through 2019, Brazil’s Amazon basin gave off 16.6bn tons of CO2 while drawing down only 13.9bn tones. The Amazon basin contains about half of the world’s tropical rainforests, which are more effective at soaking up and storing carbon than other vegetation types. However, the shrinking forest can’t cope anymore. We are growing too fast too soon while the forest is becoming smaller and weaker. Strategies How to Reduce and Prevent Deforestation How can you help fight the impact of deforestation? Small little changes can have a huge impact when we all work together; you can start by implementing the following strategies: - Plant a tree or get involved in planting trees in your school, community or home. - Use less paper; Two million trees are cut every day to supply the paper demand of the United States. Try using electronic devices instead, like an iPad or a computer, to take notes, rather than always printing on paper. Or you can try making your paper. We will share more of this below. - Use recycled paper, cardboard, and any other recycled materials whenever possible. - Look for the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification on any wooden products. Products with this stamp come from sustainably managed forests and not from illegal logging. - Avoid products that contain palm oil. A large amount of the world’s palm oil comes from Indonesia and Malaysia, where the virgin rainforest is being cleared at an alarming rate of 2.4 million acres a year to make way for new plantations. Read food labels to ensure the products you consume are palm oil-free. Talk with your parents or adults who make the buying decisions about the importance of avoiding ingredients that harm the environment. - Raise awareness at home, school, church or local community about deforestation and the importance of our land ecosystems. Sources for more info Thinking Cap On Have a look at the websites of the following international organizations that help fight deforestation around the world: - World Wildlife Fund - Rainforest Action Network - Rainforest Alliance - Conservation International - Amazon Watch - Arbor Day Foundation and many more. Find out if there is a way you can get involved with any of their programs or create a video/drawing/presentation/website/social media account with your findings to help create awareness in your local community.

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https://pastcontest.diproinduca.com/brazils-amazon-the-shrinking-tropical-forest/

2024-04-13T19:11:36Z

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en

What is a polysomnography test? A test used to identify sleep disorders is polysomnography, also referred to as a sleep study. During sleep, your heart rate, breathing, blood oxygen level, and brain waves are all captured by polysomnography. It also analyses eye and leg actions. A sleep study can be performed in a sleep center or a hospital’s sleep disorders department. Normally, the test is conducted at night. However, shift workers who typically sleep during the day may choose to do it throughout the day. If you have been given a diagnosis of a sleep disorder, a sleep study may also aid in formulating a treatment plan. You might also use it to modify your course of treatment. A sleep issue may be present if you consistently feel excessively drowsy during the day or find yourself nodding off at the wrong times. You might have a sleep issue if you frequently wake up throughout the night or have trouble falling asleep. It may be an indication of sleep apnea if you or your partner notice that you gasp for air or stop breathing while you sleep. Even if you get adequate sleep, you could still feel weary; this could indicate a sleep issue. A sleep problem like restless leg syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder may be present if you move erratically or frequently while you sleep. Excessive drowsiness or wooziness during the day How you prepare Prior to a sleep study, stay away from alcoholic beverages and foods that contain caffeine because they can interfere with sleep cycles and exacerbate the symptoms of some sleep disorders. A polysomnography test keeps track of the various sleep cycles and phases. It primarily monitors heart rate, oxygen levels, breathing rate, and airflow. The following circumstances typically involve the use of polysomnography tests: Other respiratory abnormalities associated with sleep such as sleep apnea This happens when someone’s breathing alternately stops and starts while they are sleeping. This disease can cause loud snoring and frequent awakenings in sufferers. This condition is indicated by frequent leg bending and stretching while you sleep. It frequently goes hand in hand with restless leg syndrome. This illness is characterized by daytime sleepiness that comes on suddenly and with extreme drowsiness. Disorder of REM sleep behavior During the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, while people are dreaming, this disorder involves aberrant behaviour. People may act out their dreams while they are still asleep as a result of it. When sleeping, odd behavior occurs A polysomnography test may be advised by the doctor if a patient moves or walks rhythmically while they are asleep. Long-term sleeplessness without a reason Someone who has trouble sleeping or sleeps a lot can be requested to do a polysomnography exam. Polysomnography test risk Due to the fact that a polysomnography test is painless, it is regarded as a risk-free procedure. However, electrodes are applied to the skin throughout the test, which could result in a little burning sensation. There are no additional hazards associated with the test. Results of a polysomnography test The average turnaround time for polysomnography test results is 3 days. The outcomes could point to the following categories of sleep disorders: The clinician may examine the polysomnography test report in the methods listed below to spot sleep apnea: After reviewing these results, the doctor can check the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) score. An AHI score of less than 5 is considered normal. This shows that the patient does not have sleep apnea, together with data showing normal brain waves and muscle activity. However, an AHI score of 5 or more is considered abnormal. The chart below shows the different levels of sleep apnea severity based on AHI score – A patient must take a sleep study exam at home in Delhi NCR to identify a polysomnography test or Sleep Apnea. The patient must apply the night in the laboratory while the polysomnography (PSG) equipment records his or her physical data. This is normally done in a sleep lab. However, a polysomnography test may now be carried out at home and is known as a home sleep study or a home sleep test because to technological improvements.

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https://phhealthcares.com/polysomnography-test-on-in-jor-bagh/

2024-04-13T18:09:36Z

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From trash to treasure: Silicon waste finds new use in Li-ion batteries Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in mobile electronics. Concerns of global warming and climate change have recently boosted the demand for LIBs in electric vehicles and solar photovoltaic output smoothing. Si has been studied as an active material with a high theoretical capacity of 3578 mAh/g, which is around ten times higher than that of graphite (372 mAh/g). Now, a team of researchers at Osaka University has used flake-shaped Si nanopowder wrapped by ultrathin graphite sheets (GSs) to fabricate LIB electrodes with high areal capacity and current density. Generally treated as industrial waste, Si swarf is generated at a rate of 100,000 tons per year globally from Si ingots that are produced from silica through processes at 1000~1800°C. Water-based coolants and fixed abrasive grain wire saws are paving the way to the use of Si swarf as an anode active material with a high capacity at a reduced cost. Nano carbon materials have been applied to Si electrodes to improve electrical conductivity and cyclability. Many strategies for dealing with large volume change of Si electrodes at relatively high costs have been demonstrated. However, the Si electrodes do not combine all the requirements for high electrode performance, namely reduced cost, environmental friendliness of materials and processes, and circular economy. "In this study, Si/graphite sheet composites from Si swarf and expanded graphite are used as the active material with reduced cost and thermal budget (Fig. 1). Si nanopowder is dispersed and wrapped between GSs fabricated from expanded graphite (Fig. 2)," explains first author Jaeyoung Choi. "GS bridges are formed across cracks and suppress cracking and peeling-off of Si. Agglomerated GSs wrap Si/GS composites, and work as stable frameworks that secure electrolyte paths and buffer spaces for Si volume change." The Si/GS composite structure and the delithiation limitation improve the cyclability up to 901 cycles at 1200 mAh/g. The areal delithiation capacity and current density of the Si/GS electrodes linearly increase to 4 mAh/cm2 and 5 mA/cm2, respectively, with the mass loading for more than 75 cycles (Fig. 3), while thick electrodes with C-coated Si fabricated in C2H4 are not competitive. "Si anode batteries with high capacity and high current density have the potential to be used in electric vehicles. This potential, combined with increasing generation of Si swarf as industrial waste, will allow our work to contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and the achievement of SDGs," says corresponding author Taketoshi Matsumoto. More information: Jaeyoung Choi et al. Si Swarf Wrapped by Graphite Sheets for Li-Ion Battery Electrodes with Improved Overvoltage and Cyclability, Journal of the Electrochemical Society (2021). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/abdd7e Provided by Osaka University

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-trash-treasure-silicon-li-ion-batteries.html

2024-04-13T20:33:42Z

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One of the significant projects in Britain’s power grid landscape has allocated contracts valued at £1.8 billion for a 190km subsea electricity superhighway aimed at transferring renewable power from Scotland to the north of England. National Grid and Scottish Power are set to commence the construction of a £2.5 billion high-voltage power line along the east coast, stretching from East Lothian to County Durham, starting in 2025. Dubbed the Eastern Green Link 1 (EGL1), this project stands out as one of the most substantial grid upgrade endeavours in Britain’s recent history. Its design focuses on accommodating enough clean electricity to sustain approximately two million households. The UK faces mounting pressure to revamp its power grid, given the impending doubling of electricity demand by 2040, part of a broader initiative to curtail the reliance on gas and other fossil fuels. A recent report highlighted the colossal task ahead, indicating that the government would need to deploy over 100km of electric cabling daily until 2040 to align with the UK’s climate objectives. The International Energy Agency’s projections assert that the UK must either introduce or enhance around 600,000km of electric lines by the end of the next decade to meet its climate targets. This need arises amid global competition to secure supplies of high-voltage cabling and other essential electrical infrastructure components. Within the EGL1 project, Prysmian Group, an international cable manufacturer, has secured the contract to deliver nearly 400km of power cable. Meanwhile, the responsibility to supply two HVDC converter stations, positioned at each end of the cable, has been granted to GE Vernova and Mytilineos. Anticipated to incur costs amounting to tens of billions of pounds, according to National Grid, these upgrades come with a stark warning. The energy giant, listed on the FTSE 100, cautions that the construction of pylons and underground lines needs to escalate fivefold by the decade’s end compared to the past 30 years. Similarly, there’s a fourfold increase required in laying undersea cables relative to the current count. Moreover, the enhancements to Britain’s power grid are poised to become a significant focal point in the upcoming general election. The incoming government will grapple with balancing strong local opposition to new grid infrastructure across rural areas against the evident climate and economic benefits derived from this extensive overhaul. Research conducted by National Grid forecasts the creation of an estimated 400,000 jobs by 2050, attributed to the grid rewiring efforts. This includes an anticipated creation of around 150,000 jobs in Scotland and the north of England. Expressing his perspective, Peter Roper, the project director for EGL1, underscored the significance of the super-cable. He remarked that it stands as “a transformative project for the UK, bolstering supply security and facilitating the transmission of green power to all consumers”. Additionally, he highlighted the recent contract announcements as significant victories for the supply chain and crucial milestones in establishing new network infrastructure to support the UK’s pursuit of net-zero goals and energy security ambitions. The government has established an ambitious goal of achieving an additional 50 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind capacity by 2030. As part of a broader transition to net-zero emissions, there’s an anticipated 50 per cent surge in electricity demand by 2035. This shift aims to move away from fossil fuels, relying instead on clean energy to power homes, fuel transportation and drive business operations. To accommodate this substantial surge in demand and facilitate the distribution of renewable energy from its sources to various destinations, the UK must embark on a monumental task. Over the next seven years, the construction of electricity transmission infrastructure needs to quintuple compared to what has been built in the past three decades. National Grid is actively engaged in pursuing this objective, initiating the Great Grid Upgrade – an extensive revamp of the electricity grid, marking the most significant overhaul in generations. This ambitious upgrade plan encompasses the implementation of 17 new transmission projects, both offshore and onshore, over the coming decade. Additionally, it involves the modernisation of existing infrastructure, some of which were established over fifty years ago.

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https://pioneernewz.com/revolutionary-uk-power-grid-expansion-secures-1-8-billion-contracts/

2024-04-13T18:29:14Z

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Implant fixtures are designed to integrate with the host’s bone and provide stability and retention for the restoration. Fixtures are available in many different lengths, shapes (e.g., tapered), and widths (or platform sizes). Manufacturers produce differing designs, each having unique features. These unique features require clinicians and laboratory technicians to adhere strictly to the individual manufacturer’s procedures and guidelines when placing and constructing implant borne prosthetics. To provide successful osseointegration, the fixture material must be biocompatible. Currently, the most popular material is either commercially pure titanium (typically 99.2% pure) or titanium alloy. Titanium has proved to be biocompatible in long-term evaluations and documentation reporting on the success and longevity of dental implants.3, 4 Titanium is lightweight and noncorrosive (because of its oxide layer); it appears to be the most predictable material for manufacturing implants and implant components. Titanium is graded according to its carbon and iron content. In general tensile and yield strength increases with the grade number. Titanium 4 is used in most situations because it is stronger than other grades. Recently grade 5 titanium is being used increasingly. This alloy consists of 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium alloy and offers better strength and fracture resistance. A more recent development is the use of high strength zirconia ceramics as a material for dental implant fixture. They are considered to be inert in the body and exhibit minimal ion release compared with metallic implants. Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals appear to offer advantages over aluminum oxide for dental implants because of their higher fracture resilience and higher flexural strength.5 Zirconium appears to offer the same rate of success as titanium in its osseointegration properties,6 although research in this field is currently limited. The two most common mating interfaces of the abutment to fixture platform are described as “internal hex” or “external hex” configurations (Fig. 17-2). This configuration prevents rotation of the abutment. Manufacturers have created numerous variations of this basic design. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss every implant design, and esthetic principles may vary because of the limitations and enhancements of any a particular design. The implant abutment links the implant fixture to the restoration. Abutments are available in a variety of different types, each designed to manage a particular clinical situation (Fig. 17-3 B,C). The abutment provides an area of retention similar to a prepared tooth for cementation of a crown. Some clinical situations, typically related to angle correction, necessitate the fabrication of a custom cast or CAD/CAM abutment, which is constructed at the implant level (Fig. 17-3 A). The definitive prosthesis is placed directly on this custom abutment. The definitive prosthesis or prosthetic superstructure may be cemented to the custom abutment or screw retained. The abutment generally consists of an abutment and an abutment-retaining screw. The abutment retaining screw maintains the abutment’s position on the implant. Prosthetic retaining screws are generally constructed of gold alloy or titanium. They are recessed internally within the occlusal surface of the abutment and hold the definitive restoration in place. Compressive forces, generated across the implant-abutment interface by tightening the abutment retaining screw to a specific torque help maintain the integrity of the connection and position of the screw, although preload forces slowly decay with time. They are recessed internally within the occlusal surface of the abutment and hold the definitive restoration in place. Preload torque recommendations vary but typically range from 10 to 35 N-cm, depending on screw material and implant/abutment manufacturer. Preload for the abutment screw should ideally be established using a torque wrench and must be sufficient to ensure that lateral forces are distributed to the implant abutment interface rather than to the screw to reduce the likelihood of loosening or fracture.7 The abutment provides an area of retention similar to a prepared tooth for cementation of a crown. Some clinical situations typically related to angle correction necessitate the fabrication of a custom cast or CAD/CAM abutment, which is constructed at the implant level. The definitive prosthesis is placed directly on this custom abutment. The definitive prosthesis is placed directly on this custom abutment. The definitive prosthesis or prosthetic superstructure may be cemented to the custom abutment or screw may be retained. Restorations are cemented or are part of an abutment attached directly to the implant fixtures by internal prosthetic retaining screws. Modern porcelain systems provide many options to choose from when planning an implant restoration. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning To obtain ideal esthetic results it is critical that the restorative dentist, in conjunction with the implant surgeon and laboratory technician, formulate a preoperative plan. Figure 17-4 outlines the potential treatment pathways that can be taken during implant therapy. Treatment planning must address hard and soft tissue deficiencies and combine this with precision in implant placement. This plan culminates in the fabrication of a surgical guide. However, a number of factors must be considered first. An appropriate medical history should be obtained and evaluated for systemic conditions to prevent complications during the treatment. The dental examination must consider active infection caries, endodontic lesions, and periodontitis. All the active infections should be treated before implant placement. The issue of patient expectation must be addressed before implant placement. Patients must be informed that the professionals’ ability to satisfy their concerns may be limited. Persistent unrealistic expectations warrant the use of alternate treatment plans. Oral Examination and Esthetic Factors To evaluate the implant site in esthetic areas, the following factors should be considered. The study of the smile line is the most important factor in evaluating the patient’s dental esthetics. Lip position relative to the display of teeth and gingiva must be evaluated at rest, while speaking, with a moderately relaxed smile and with a full smile (see Chapter 2). Tooth Morphology and Periodontal Biotype. The periodontal biotype is an important factor in evaluating the prognosis of implant-supported restorations in the esthetic zone. Two periodontal biotypes related to tooth morphology have been described.9 Thin scalloped periodontal biotype. The thin, scalloped biotype (Fig. 17-5 A) is associated with less than 15% of clinical situations and is characterized by a delicate soft tissue, a scalloped underlying osseous form, and often has dehiscence and fenestrations and a reduced quantity and quality of keratinized mucosa. It is associated with a specific dental morphology with anatomically triangular crowns, small interdental contact surfaces in the incisal third, and long thin papillae. It responds to surgical and prosthodontic interventions with recession, apical migration of the periodontal anchorage, and loss of underlying alveolar volume, which results in an empty space known as a black triangle. It is usually is accompanied by thin vestibular cortical bone, with a tendency to form bone defects secondary to bone remodeling and resorption after tooth extraction or implant placement. Thick flat periodontal biotype. The thick, flat biotype (Fig. 17-5 B) exhibits dense, fibrotic soft tissue. The underlying bone is thick and dense. It is associated with dental crowns that are square and convex in the cervical third. The contact points between crowns are long and often extend to the zone of the cervical third. It presents with papillae that are considered short when compared with the thin periodontal biotype. It responds to surgical aggression with scar formation that can jeopardize the aesthetic and functional outcome. Mounted Diagnostic Cast Analysis Preoperative mounted diagnostic casts can influence decisions concerning the selection of the type of definitive restoration. For example, if the final tooth position will be facial to the residual mandibular ridge, a hybrid-type prosthesis may be considered, as opposed to a conventional crown and fixed partial denture restoration. In the maxillary arch, an occlusal rim demonstrates the amount of facial positioning required of the replacement tooth to properly support the maxillary lip relative to the residual ridge. This aids in determining whether a conventional crown and fixed partial denture prosthesis, a hybrid prosthesis, or an overdenture should be constructed to best support the lip. In the fully edentulous patient, it may be necessary to construct a trial tooth setup to precisely determine final tooth position. This is especially true when the location of the teeth is changed both in the arch to be reconstructed with the osseointegrated dental implant and in the opposing arch, which may be restored conventionally. Because tooth position in one arch will affect tooth position in the opposing arch, the location must be determined precisely before constructing the mandibular surgical guide. In those situations, a wax try-in of the maxillary and mandibular teeth should be constructed as part of a diagnostic workup before constructing a surgical guide and placing implants (Fig. 17-6). The guidelines for selection of a conventional crown and fixed partial denture prosthesis, hybrid prosthesis, or overdenture prosthesis after diagnostic cast analysis are as follows: • Amount of interarch distance. The amount of interarch distance is important because moderate to severe resorption requires a hybrid prosthesis or overdenture to replace missing alveolar bone and soft tissue. If providing adequate lip support is critical, an overdenture is generally necessary, especially in the case of severe resorption. • Number and location of implants. For construction of a conventional crown and fixed partial denture-type prosthesis, implants must be positioned in tooth locations. In addition, the implants must be adequately spaced in the anterior and posterior regions to provide adequate stabilization. • Strength and dimension of supporting bone. When severe resorption has occurred, especially in the mandibular posterior region of totally edentulous patients, placing an overdenture is preferred. An anterior fixed appliance can develop significant functional forces that may overstress the mandible, which thins posteriorly. This may cause fracture of the mandible because of an overload of the anterior region with a fixed restoration. Proper radiographic analysis is needed to evaluate the amount of bone available in the area. Computed tomography scans (Fig. 17-7) disclose bone dimension and the contours of the residual ridge and guide proper angling of an implant at a given edentulous site. The sectional portion of the CT scan is especially important because it gives an indication of facial-lingual bone dimension, bone quality, and the location of vital structures. Types of Prostheses Implant restorations can be attached to the implant fixture with screws (screw-retained) (Fig. 17-8 A), or it can be cemented to an abutment, which is attached to the implant fixture with a screw (cement retained) (Fig. 17-8 B). Each method has advantages and disadvantages. However, in certain clinical situations, only one method is indicated. • Occlusal esthetic requirements. The esthetics of the occlusal surface can be partially compromised when the screw access area is filled with a composite resin, especially when metal-base frameworks are used. The introduction of zirconia-base frameworks has lessened this complication. The white or shaded substructure facilitates an esthetically pleasing closure of the access opening; however, if the top of the screw is near the occlusal surface it may be difficult to completely mask it. • Passive fit considerations. A passive fit is more difficult to attain for a screw-retained implant restoration with more than one implant. The improving accuracy of CAD/CAM over traditional casting, even when corrective procedures are included, aids in the fabrication of better fitting frameworks. Provisional cements should be used in order to maintain retrievability of the prosthesis. Conventional or CAD/CAM custom abutments or prefabricated (stock) abutments are available. • Cement retained. The cement layer may act as a shock absorber and enhance the transfer of load throughout the prosthesis-implant-bone system.10 • Soft tissue concerns. There is a potential risk for cement trapping in the peri-implant tissue (Fig. 17-9). Cement extrusion into the sulcular area may result in soft tissue inflammation or even in an exudate.11 • Inadequate interarch distance. A minimum of 5 mm of abutment is required to provide predictable retention for the definitive restoration.14 When a reduced amount of interarch distance is available, a screw-retained prosthesis is indicated. • Retrievability concerns. Despite the use of provisional cements to allow retrievability, removal of the prosthesis should be carried out with great care to avoid damaging the restoration, abutment, or implant fixture. The choice of the implant abutment can be daunting because of different abutment types. Materials such as titanium and various high-strength ceramics (zirconia, lithium di-silicate) are available. Abutments can be categorized as prefabricated abutments (stock abutments), custom abutments (castable abutments or milled), or combined abutment/crown (screw-retained prostheses). Titanium abutments are milled from solid titanium alloy blanks. Zirconia abutments are milled from zirconia blanks and are available in multiple shades. Before selecting an abutment several factors must be considered, including visibility of the region (e.g., high vs. low smile line), the gingival biotype (high scalloped, thin vs. low scalloped, thick), angulation of the implant, inter-arch distance, and peri-implant tissue height (see Chapter 2). Visibility and Gingival Biotype In esthetically demanding situations, customized ceramic abutments are indicated to avoid the visible display of metal through the soft tissue, which can occur of when metal abutments are used, particularly in patients with a high smile line and thin biotype. This not only produces the best esthetic results, but also partially compensates for future soft tissue recession (Fig. 17-10 A). Angle of the Implant Precise preplanning and the construction of surgical guides suggest the proper positioning of the implant. However, the clinical acceptability of this predetermined position is determined by the available bone, when bone augmentation is not possible. Sometimes in the maxillary premolar and maxillary anterior regions, implants must be placed with a facial flare to be within the supporting bone. This creates an unesthetic screw access opening in the facial aspect of a screw-retained restoration. To compensate, a custom abutment can compensate for the angle of the implant so that it emerges from the soft tissue in a favorable position (Fig. 17-10 B). A prosthesis can be cemented over these custom abutments, producing an esthetic result (Fig. 17-10 C). Another option is the use of a pre-angled stock abutment. Successfully cemented retained restorations with predictable retention require 5 mm of abutment height. If the vertical distance from the crest of the tissue to the opposing tooth is less than 5 mm, then a screw-retained restoration is indicated. Peri-implant Tissue Height If the distance between the platform of the implant and the crest of the tissue is less than 3 mm, a stock abutment (prefabricated) may be chosen, as the margin is sufficiently accessible for cleaning at the time of cementation.16 If it is greater than 3 mm, a scalloped prefabricated or custom abutment should be used to position the cement in a more accessible, cleansable position relative to the gingival margin. Implant Position and Alignment Osseointegrated implants are ideally positioned in the site previously occupied by the natural tooth, assuming that it was properly located before extraction. Implants placed in an interproximal position can result in considerable restorative difficulties in final crown contour and esthetics when crown and fixed partial denture type restorations are planned. Considerations with the Peri-implant Papilla Loss of implant results in a “black triangle” around the implant-supported crown and fixed partial denture type restorations. Phonetics difficulties and food impactions can also occur. Implant position affects interproximal tissue esthetics between a natural tooth and the implant restoration or between two adjacent implants. Correct three-dimensional placement (mesiodistal, buccolingual, and incisoapical) of the implant in the bone enhances the likelihood of an acceptable result. The mesiodistal distance between an implant and a neighboring tooth should be at least 1.5 mm. If this minimum distance is not maintained, the attachment on the tooth side may undergo resorption to the level of that of the implant; this will, in turn cause a loss of interproximal papilla.17 This also creates restorative problems. Poor embrasure forms and emergence profiles will result in restorations with long contact zones and a compromised clinical outcome. After the implant osteotomy is prepared, the buccal wall should be intact. It should ideally measure at least 2 mm in thickness. This is important to ensure proper soft-tissue support and to avoid the resorption of the facial bone wall following the placement of a restoration. The implant platform should be 1 mm apical to the cement-enamel junction of the contralateral tooth in apicocoronal direction.20 This recommendation, however, is only valid when the contralateral tooth is without periodontal tissue loss. Considerations with a Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisor Ideally the definitive restoration will simulate the natural tooth. This can be a challenge if a patient is congenitally missing one or two maxillary incisors. The amount of space required for the restored tooth should be determined by the contralateral incisor. However, in some patients, the existing lateral incisor may be peg shape and in others, both lateral incisors are congenitally missing. In the latter two situations, the space for the lateral incisor is determined by two factors: esthetics and occlusion clearance. An esthetic relationship exists between the size of the maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth. Ideally the maxillary lateral incisor should be about two thirds the width of the central incisor.21 One of the most predictable methods to determine the size of the lateral is to fabricate a diagnostic wax-up. Clinical Case Showing Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisor. A 21-year-old female patient presented with an over-retained primary maxillary right canine in need of extraction, and for a consultation on treatment options to replace the congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. The patient’s medical history was noncontributory. A detailed examination of the teeth and periodontium was performed to assess the esthetic risk for implant dentistry. The patient’s gingival biotype was thin to medium thick and scalloped, presenting a broad band of keratinized mucosa (Fig. 17-11 A). The maxillary left lateral incisor was a peg lateral incisor. The maxillary right canine had migrated mesially into the lateral incisor location. The periapical radiograph revealed root resorption on tooth C and distal caries (Fig. 17-11 B). Restorative options included: 1. Extraction of the primary maxillary right canine, placement of a three-unit resin-bonded (“Maryland”) fixed partial denture and recontouring of the maxillary right permanent canine so that it would to appear to be a lateral incisor. Also orthodontic creation of the required space for placement of a properly sized restoration on the maxillary left lateral incisor. 2. Extraction of the primary maxillary right canine, placement of a cantilever two-unit fixed partial denture using the canine as the abutment, and recontouring of the maxillary right canine so that it would to appear to be a lateral incisor. Also, orthodontic creation of the required space for placement of a properly sized restoration on the maxillary left lateral incisor. 3. Extraction of the primary maxillary right canine, placement of a single unit implant, and recontouring of the maxillary right canine so that it would to appear to be a lateral incisor. Also, orthodontic creation of the required space for placement of a properly sized restoration on the maxillary left lateral incisor. 4. Extraction of the primary maxillary right canine, orthodontic distalization of the maxillary right canine to its correct position, and placement of a single unit implant at the proper site the lateral incisor. Also, orthodontic creation of the required space for placement of a properly sized restoration on the maxillary left lateral incisor. Option 4 was selected was selected for this patient (Fig. 17-11 C-I). Considerations with a Small Edentulous Space with Limited Bone When replacement tooth size or limited bone availability prevents placement of a standard-size implant, an implant of smaller diameter may be indicated. This type of implant can be used for replacing a single mandibular incisor tooth (Fig. 17-12) or a maxillary lateral incisor. Considerations with Implant-Retained Removable Partial Dentures Poor removable partial denture (RPD) stability occurs with highly resorbed ridges and an inadequate number of suitable abutment teeth (Fig. 17-13 A,B). Removable partial dentures with distal extensions (Kennedy Class I and II) generally have less stability than those engaging distal abutment teeth.22, 23 Implant-retained removable partial dentures have made treatment options possible to patients who previously may not have been able to benefit from implant dentistry because of limitations in health, anatomy, or finances. This treatment modality provides options for additional treatment in the future and accommodates future changes in the remaining natural dentition. Implant-retained RPDs can combine the use of natural teeth and implants in one arch when certain requirements are met. Because teeth are considered resilient because of the presence of the periodontal ligament and dental implants are considered rigid because of their osseointegrated state, the use of a “resilient” implant attachment (Locator implant attachment systems) and possibly resilient “clasps” are needed. These attachments to provide the level of resilience needed for an implant-retained, tissue-supported prosthesis, and to allow for normal movement of the teeth24 (Fig. 17-13 B,C

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Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough of the hormones that regulate metabolism. It is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting approximately 10 million people in the United States. It occurs more often in women than men and often develops around middle age. What Is Hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone. This can happen if your body doesn’t make it if your immune system attacks and damages your thyroid gland, or if you take certain medications. (1) There are two kinds of thyroid hormone: T4, which is inactive, and T3, which is active. The body converts the inactive form into the active form to control metabolism. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ that sits just below the Adam’s apple in your neck. It produces hormones that control metabolism, the rate at which your body uses energy. The thyroid also controls how sensitive your body is to other hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline. If you have hypothyroidism, your body doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone. This can cause a wide range of symptoms, including weight gain, fatigue, muscle or joint pain, and depression. (2, 3) 8 Medications That Can Cause Hypothyroidism There are several reasons why you could develop hypothyroidism. One of these reasons may be medications that disrupt your endocrine system. Here are eight common medications that can contribute to hypothyroidism: - Amiodarone (Cordarone) - Lithium (Eskalith) - Iodine-containing medications, like potassium iodide (SSKI) or potassium iodate (SSKI) - Methimazole (Tapazole) or propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease - Interferon-alpha for hepatitis C treatment (Actimmune) or hepatitis B treatment (Rebetron) - Levothyroxine sodium tablets used to treat hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - Metformin for type 2 diabetes - Prilosec for heartburn and other stomach problems While all of these medications have a purpose and are sometimes necessary, ensure you discuss all possibilities and options with your doctor. Know the risks and symptoms and monitor your health closely. If you notice something that changes in your health after beginning medication, be sure to speak to your doctor about it. Always speak up for yourself, and if you don’t feel like you are getting the care, don’t be afraid to change doctors or seek out another opinion. - “11 Medications That Can Cause Drug-Induced Hypothyroidism.” Rupa Health. Dr. Jaime Cloyd ND - “DRUGS THAT SUPPRESS TSH OR CAUSE CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM.” NCBI. Bryan R. Haugen, MD. December 1. - “Drugs and Other Substances Interfering with Thyroid Function.” Springer. Lucia Montanelli, Salvatore Benvenga, Laszlo Hegedüs, Paolo Vitti, Francesco Latrofa and Leonidas H. Duntas. May 31, 2018. - “8 Medications That Can Cause Hypothyroidism” GoodRx. April 29, 2020. Disclaimer: This information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and is for information only. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about your medical condition and/or current medication. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking advice or treatment because of something you have read here.

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Can Potatoes Kill You That is a fairly specific subset of the population to study, if you are going to make claims about potato intake as a whole. It is just kind of strange looking at potato consumption data coming out of the latest study about the potato. Considering this study was not even really on potato consumption in the first place, that is at least a bit suspicious. Unlikely, since raw potatoes have a toxic compound called solanine in them, and solanine can make you really sick. The primary cause for concern when it comes to eating raw potatoes is the toxic compound called solanine, which can cause headaches, nausea, diarrhea, and even death in extreme cases. If you consume enough solanine, it can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, central nervous system paralysis (as the above incidents demonstrate), but in a few rare cases, solanine poisoning can result in a coma – even death. |You know, the stuff that is supposed to kill you |Do not die at higher rates than the people who barely eat them. A powerful toxin called solanine is the plants natural protection from threats such as disease and blight, but it is also what keeps creatures from eating potatoes away. Solanine is found exclusively in nightshade species and in the genus Solanum, which includes eggplant, tomatoes, tobacco, and, you guessed it, potatoes. The toxins are mostly found in the leaves, which shield them from being eaten by insects or animals, but the roots still contain significant amounts of the natural poison, and prolonged exposure to this raw food could have fatal consequences. If you’re interested in How Long Does It Take For Soda To Get Cold In The Fridge then you can check that article. Nerve toxins may be found in green parts of potatoes, such as the first sprouts, stems, leaves, and smaller fruits, and also some tubers, normally edible, which were exposed to sunlight or improperly stored at extremely high or extreme cold temperatures. Cooking does not destroy solanine toxins, so green parts of potatoes must be removed completely. Sprouts and green potatoes have a higher level of solanine, and should be avoided both raw and cooked. Eating potatoes that have sprouted may result in excessive amounts of these compounds being absorbed. Raw potatoes are more likely to cause digestive problems, and can contain higher amounts of antinutrients and harmful compounds. What is more, some small studies have suggested that eating boiled potatoes while pregnant can raise your risk of birth defects. On the other hand, many people have warned that sprouted potatoes are toxic, and can lead to food poisoning – and possibly death. On the one hand, some think that sprouted potatoes are completely safe to eat, if only the sprouts are removed. While the leaves of a sweet potato are safe to eat–and are even sold at some grocery stores–consumption of potato plants leaves, green pods, or newly sprouted buds may result in an increased risk of poisoning from the potato plants. We have all heard that potato skin is the most nutritious part, but potato skins in green form can be quite dangerous to eat. If you notice that a light green layer is right below your potato skin, trim off the green portion of your potato skin before you cook and eat; you do not have to throw out your beloved tuber, as the ungreen part is safe to eat. Soaking potatoes for too long, or cutting them too small before cooking, removes all of the enzymes, leaving too much glue to be broken. Smaller cuts, such as cubed potatoes, will get soaked more quickly, so they are better kept in cold water for short periods, such as when preparing the rest of your ingredients. You can prevent potatoes from taking on the water by making sure your water is unsalty and is chilled (you can even add ice to your water). To make sure that your potatoes are tasty, rather than lethal, store them somewhere cool that is dark, that you do not forget. Then, the night you are planning on serving steamed potatoes, you will have creamed potatoes ready to go at the drop of the hat. Finally, the baked potatoes last for three or four days in the refrigerator, just like any leftovers. In fact, raw or cooked potatoes are acceptable parts of a well-balanced diet, if consumed moderately. Some celebrities swear by raw-food diets, and it is definitely true that eating fresh vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, and cucumbers is far superior to eating processed potato chips. Many veggies taste great raw, but it is not likely that you will find slices of raw potatoes on a crudite platter. A potato left untended in the pantry eventually turns green, and may even sprout. If you let potatoes sit around your cupboard too long, they may sprout or go green, but it is not like eating an old vegetable is going to kill you or anything. Like most things, you want to eat your sweet potatoes in moderation, and preferably not by roasting them. While most potatoes do not have enough solanine in them to be deadly, the ones with green potatoes and those just starting to sprout do contain high amounts of solanine, which can lead to stomachaches, headaches, and paralysis in some people who consume them. The primary reason for avoiding raw potatoes is a toxin known as solanine, which can cause headaches, nausea, diarrhea, and, in extreme cases, death, when consumed in high amounts. Sunlight and heat cause potato skins to turn green Witch contains a high levels of the toxin, solanine, that may cause illness and is toxic. If you wan to learn about Can Dogs Eat Salt And Vinegar Chips then you can read this article. The leaves, stems, and shoots of potato plants contain glycoalkaloids, found in all of the Nightshade Family (a category of flowering plants). Why sprouted potatoes can be harmful to eat Potatoes are a natural source of solanine and chaconine, two glycoalkaloid compounds that are found in a variety of other foods, including eggplants and tomatoes (1). Studies show that doses ranging from 30-50 mg of solanine per 100 grams of potatoes can lead to disease, with varying degrees of symptom severity depending on the ratio of body weight of the toxin to individual tolerance to the alkaloids in question. If large amounts of capsaicin are eaten, then capsaicin poisoning may cause cardiac arrest and death, as happened to a budding chef who died after eating a bowlful. How many potatoes do you have to eat to kill you? As members of the nightshade family, potatoes generate the potentially toxic alkaloids solanine and chaconine. Green potatoes produce even more solanine, and it doesn’t take much of it to be fatal. Avoid using green potatoes, even when cooked, as 25 would be sufficient. What happens if you eat rotten potatoes? Poor potatoes have high solanine levels and can hurt you if you consume them. Along with other things, side effects might cause nausea, loose stools, stomach cramps, retching, migraines, and wooziness. A mild solanine toxicity should only last for around 24 hours, but on the off event that you need medical help, search for it! How do potatoes kill people? It’s possible that anything more lethal than a teaspoon may exist. Every time they are eaten at an inappropriate moment, common potatoes can be dangerous. A toxin termed glycoalkaloids, which is present in growing plants known as nightshades, including a potato, is present in the leaves, stem, and young potatoes.

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Originally published on ghazikhan.in Smart contracts have emerged as a groundbreaking technology that is revolutionizing the way businesses conduct transactions and agreements. Built on blockchain technology, smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code. In this article, we will explore the concept of smart contracts, their benefits for businesses, and the potential they hold for transforming various industries. Smart contracts are digital contracts that automatically enforce the agreed-upon terms between parties without the need for intermediaries. They are coded with predefined rules and conditions, ensuring transparency, accuracy, and immutability in business transactions. These contracts are executed on decentralized blockchain platforms, such as Ethereum, ensuring security, trust, and tamper-proof record-keeping. - Increased Efficiency: Smart contracts automate and streamline processes, eliminating the need for manual intervention and reducing administrative burdens. This results in faster transaction settlements, reduced paperwork, and improved operational efficiency. - Cost Savings: By removing intermediaries and automating contract execution, businesses can significantly reduce costs associated with intermediation fees, paperwork, and dispute resolutions. - Enhanced Security: Smart contracts utilize blockchain technology, which offers robust security features like cryptographic encryption and decentralized consensus. This ensures the integrity and immutability of contract data, making it resistant to fraud and unauthorized modifications. - Transparency and Trust: The decentralized nature of blockchain ensures transparency and eliminates the need for blind trust in business dealings. Parties involved in smart contracts can access and verify the contract's execution, ensuring trust among stakeholders. - Supply Chain Management: Smart contracts enable end-to-end traceability, automate payment and delivery terms, and streamline supplier verification, reducing inefficiencies in supply chain processes. - Real Estate: Smart contracts simplify property transactions by automating tasks such as title transfers, escrow payments, and verifying property ownership, reducing the need for intermediaries and potential fraud. - Financial Services: Smart contracts can automate various financial agreements, including loans, insurance claims, and trade settlements, ensuring faster execution, reduced paperwork, and improved accuracy. - Intellectual Property: Smart contracts can manage and enforce copyrights, trademarks, and licensing agreements, ensuring fair compensation and protecting intellectual property rights. While smart contracts offer immense potential, businesses need to consider certain challenges, including legal and regulatory implications, code vulnerabilities, and a potential lack of flexibility in complex agreements. It is crucial to engage legal experts and perform thorough testing to ensure the contracts meet legal requirements and address potential risks. Smart contracts are reshaping traditional business contracts, offering increased efficiency, cost savings, and enhanced security. By leveraging blockchain technology and automation, businesses can streamline operations, improve trust, and unlock new opportunities. While challenges exist, the benefits of smart contracts for businesses are significant, and embracing this innovative technology can lead to transformative changes across industries.

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The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has six levels, from A1 for beginners, up to C2 for users who are proficient in the language. What can a B1-level learner of English do? Learners who achieve B1 Intermediate level can: - understand the main points of clear texts on familiar topics in standard language - manage most situations on a trip to places where English is used - produce simple, organised texts about familiar topics - describe experiences, events, wishes and aspirations, and explain opinions and plans. Find materials at this level The learning materials in the different sections on LearnEnglish are organised by English level based on the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR). In our Skills section, you can practise your B1 listening, B1 reading, B1 writing and B1 speaking skills. In our Grammar section, you can practise your B1-B2 grammar. In our Vocabulary section you can practise your B1-B2 vocabulary. There are also lots of video, audio and reading materials suitable for B1 Intermediate level learners in Business and General English for further practice to help you improve. You can try activities in Business magazine, English for emails, You're Hired, Audio zone, Magazine zone, A2-B1 stories, Writing home, Big City Small World, Podcasts and Word on the Street. In our Learning hub, there are lots of activities suitable for B1-level learners to practise your English skills and interact with other learners from around the world. You can also search for learning materials by level, by section of the site or by topics of interest. Discover online English courses at this level Strengthen your B1-level English proficiency with our affordable online courses. Practise with classmates in live group classes, get learning support from a personal tutor in one-to-one lessons or practise by yourself at your own speed with a self-study course. Find out your English level You can take our online level test to get an approximate indication of the English level you are working towards or completing. You can use the test result to help you find suitable learning materials at your level. Get tips to help improve your English level Are you looking for tips and advice on the best ways to improve your level of English? Our team of English teaching experts are here to help you. Get advice, ideas and tips on how you can make the most of the time you spend learning English.

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Construction dating back to the very early twentieth century, it came as a replacement for a pontoon bridge. The construction site remained open from 1895 to 1902 and was directed by S.N.O.S. (Società Nazionale Officine Savignano). The bridge remained in operation until the mid-1960s, when it was joined by a new one that was more functional to the increased traffic on the highway. It was also the scene of the tragic shooting of three young islanders Cesare Meda, Giuseppe Piazza and Romolo Bocci, partisans who were victims of the German army on the night of April 29, 1945. This inauspicious event is the origin of the name given to it. It is currently reserved for the movement of pedestrians and cyclists but is also considered an engineering and historical monument. Indeed, it represents the role of this area as a crossroads from ancient times, when it was possible to ford the river by continuing on what was the route of the Gallica Brixiensis.

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February 1986 — The 20-year reign of Ferdinand E. Marcos ends when Corazon Aquino claims the presidency. On the evening of Feb. 25, Marcos and his wife Imelda, along with 55 of his associates, flee the presidential palace aboard U.S. Air Force helicopters. Ferdinand Marcos will die in exile in Hawaii in 1989. The new government claims Marcos looted billions of dollars from the country during his time in power. December 1989 — Aquino's term as president is plagued by poverty, lack of military support, a weak economy, and seven coup attempts, the last of which involves approximately 3,000 troops and elite forces that attack military bases and bomb the presidential palace. The government stops the coup with the help of the United States. The Philippine Senate grants Aquino emergency powers for six months. July 1990 — A U.S. court acquits Imelda Marcos of all corruption charges. June 1992 — Fidel V. Ramos wins the presidency. May 1993 — The Ramos administration and Marcos' family attempt to strike a deal over distribution of assets the family allegedly stole. Ramos squelches the deal because of a pending class action lawsuit in Hawaii filed by 10,000 victims alleging human rights abuses under Marcos, including torture, illegal detention, disappearances, and summary killings. The victims prevail in February 1994, winning US$1.2 billion. September 1993 — Imelda Marcos, who moved back to the Philippines in 1991, is convicted on corruption charges and sentenced to 18 to 24 years in prison. She is released on bail pending appeal. April 1995 — The Public Estates Authority (PEA) enters into a joint venture agreement with the Amari Coastal Bay and Development Corp. to reclaim and develop several hundred hectares of coastal and island property. In 1998, a Senate committee investigation reveals that the consortium led by Amari paid over 5 billion pesos (US$100 million) in kickbacks and bribes to acquire the land, which the PEA sold at a substantial discount. May 1995 — Imelda Marcos, still out on bail, is elected to the House of Representatives from her home province of Leyte. November 1995 — Four senior police officials, including Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) leader Panfilo Lacson, are charged along with 23 junior officers with murdering 11 members of the Kuratong Baleleng Gang while they were in police custody. The Kuratong Baleleng Gang was created by the Philippine military in 1986 as an anti-communism vigilante group to help combat communist rebels, but later became involved in organized crime. March 1996 — President Ramos fires Health Secretary Hilarion Ramiro for allegedly demanding kickbacks from medical kit suppliers. Ramiro, who is charged with attempted bribery and two counts of graft, becomes the sixth minister forced to resign over the last year. January 1998 — Switzerland's highest court orders more than 25 billion pesos (US$500 million) held in Swiss bank accounts by the late Ferdinand Marcos to be returned to the Philippines and placed in escrow. The money would be awarded to the Philippine government only if Imelda Marcos is convicted of obtaining it illegally. The Supreme Court upholds one of two counts in her 1993 conviction but allows her one more appeal. March 1998 — While running for president, Imelda Marcos, who is still free on bail, claims to have more than 40 billion pesos (US$800 million) in foreign bank accounts that she will distribute to the poor if elected. May 1998 — Ex-movie star Joseph Estrada is elected president on a pro-poor, anti-corruption platform. May 1998 — Graft charges are filed against former Transportation secretary Amado Lagdameo and seven other government officials for improprieties surrounding the Amari deal. Days later, former PEA officials Wainwright Rivera, Justiniano Montano IV and Arturo Trinidad, former chief government corporate counsel Oscar Garcia and several former Amari executives are arrested. October 1998 — The Supreme Court overturns Imelda Marcos' 1993 conviction due to lack of evidence and violations of "rules of due process." Other legal actions relating to her late husband are pending. January 1999 — Publishing company agent Mary Ann Maslog goes to the presidential palace with a box containing 3 million pesos (US$60,000) in an apparent attempt to secure a textbook contract by bribing government officials. Maslog signs an affidavit saying she intended to give the money to officials, but later claims she meant to give them a box containing coffee mugs rather than cash. Senate committees investigate the incident, but the case is eventually closed with no serious consequences for any of the officials involved. March 1999 — The murder case against PAOCTF leader Panfilo Lacson and 25 police colleagues is dismissed after witnesses recant their testimony, reportedly due to police intimidation and bribery. After Lacson resigns in January 2001, new witnesses come forward to corroborate the charges. PAOCTF is disbanded in April 2001, dogged by allegations that it was involved in murder, kidnapping, and illegal wiretapping. October 1999 — An official investigating committee led by former Senator Rene Saguisag recommends that Interior Secretary Ronaldo Puno and several colleagues be prosecuted for graft. The committee accuses Puno of pressuring Motorola to steer a portion of a contract to supply the Philippine National Police with hand-held radios to a firm controlled by Puno's relatives. Puno resigns shortly thereafter. Puno is indicted on graft charges in a case involving a government drug-testing contract in 2000, but is cleared by the anti-graft court in 2003. March 2000 — An investigation into alleged stock manipulation by BW Resources Corp., an online gaming company whose chairman was an associate of President Estrada, prompts mass resignations at the stock exchange. The resignations are triggered by the Securities and Exchange Commission's fraud chief, Ruben Almadro, who accuses the government of undermining his investigation, which implicated eight stock brokers and the businessman with ties to Estrada. The scandal prompts the passage of a stronger securities law later that year. October 2000 — Thousands of protesters march in the streets of Manila demanding that Estrada step down. Business groups, Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, two former presidents and Estrada's own vice president also call for his resignation. Louis Singson, a former Estrada insider, accuses the president of illegally amassing more than 547 million pesos (US$11 million) and appointing friends and relatives to government posts. December 2000 — Estrada's impeachment trial opens in the Senate after the House votes for impeachment in November. Details of secret banks accounts, numerous mistresses, and extravagant mansions are broadcast five hours a day in what is dubbed "the trial of the century." January 2001 —Estrada's impeachment trial is suspended after senators loyal to Estrada refuse to examine evidence against him. Large street protests take place and the military withdraws its support for the president. Following months of protests, President Estrada resigns. His vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, is sworn in as president. Shortly after taking office, the Arroyo government approves a controversial project: a 23 billion peso (US$470 million) contract awarded to the Argentine firm Industrias Metalurgicas Pescarmona Sociedad Anonima (IMPSA) to rehabilitate and run a hydroelectric power plant in Laguna. April 2001 — Prosecutors arrest Estrada and charge him with stealing more than 4 billion pesos (US$80 million) in state funds while in office-a crime punishable by death. February 2002 — The Philippines ombudsman faces an impeachment motion for corruption. Although the motion does not pass, the incident instills doubt over the agency's credibility and effectiveness. April 2002 — The Supreme Court's first division clears the way for the indictment of former Vice President Salvador "Doy" Laurel on graft charges in connection with the Centennial Expo scandal in 1998, rejecting his argument that he could not be held liable because he was not a public official. Former President Ramos had been implicated and cleared in the scandal, in which the contract for an Expo construction project was not opened to public bidding. November 2002 — Members of the Public Estates Authority board resign while the Presidential Anti-Graft Commission and ombudsman conduct investigations into alleged overpricing of the controversial President Diosdado Macapagal Avenue highway construction project. Board member Sulficio Tagud Jr. accuses his colleagues of inflating the cost of one portion of the project. April 2003 — The Supreme Court reopens the Kuratong Baleleng murder case against Panfilo Lacson. When the case is dismissed by a regional court in November, the government appeals and files an official complaint against the judge, alleging she falsified a court transcript. July 2003 — Ending the 17-year dispute over the Marcos fortune, the Supreme Court awards the government 32.5 billion pesos (US$650 million) in frozen bank accounts. August 2003 — Senator Panfilo Lacson accuses First Gentleman Jose Miguel Arroyo of laundering campaign contributions and stashing the money in bank accounts under the alias Jose Pidal. Arroyo's younger brother, Ignacio, later claims he is Jose Pidal, but refuses to answer the Senate ethics committee's questions. August 2003 — The Justice Department announces it will cooperate with Swiss officials in an investigation of Swiss bank accounts allegedly set up by former Justice Secretary Hernando "Nani" Perez, who is suspected of money laundering. June 2004 — President Arroyo is declared the winner of presidential elections. October 2004 — President Arroyo orders an investigation into possible corruption involving the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), the country's state pension fund. GSIS President Winston Garcia, who is accused of approving millions in improper personal loans, is the first official to be probed. March 2005 — Journalist and anti-corruption crusader Marilyn Garcia Esperat is shot dead in front of her home. Her articles in the weekly "Midland Review" condemned local corruption and accused the Department of Agriculture's local office of embezzlement and other illegal acts. May 2005 — President Arroyo hires renowned Hong Kong anti-corruption expert Tony Kwok Wan-Mai to be her special anti-corruption advisor. July - September 2005 — President Arroyo, her popularity at an all-time low, faces pressure to resign over allegations of election fraud. She apologizes to the country for phoning an election official during the run-up to the 2004 poll, but denies any wrongdoing. In September she survives an opposition attempt to impeach her. 2006 — Reporters Without Borders deems the Philippines the second-most dangerous country for journalists, after Iraq. Many journalists are murdered for investigating corruption or for publishing critiques of the government. February 2006 — President Arroyo declares a state of emergency after the army claims to have foiled a coup attempt. Brig. Gen. Danilo Lim, leader of the army's elite Scout Rangers, is suspected of leading a plot to use rallies marking the 20th anniversary of the ouster of President Ferdinand Marcos to launch a coup. Schools throughout the country are closed down and checkpoints are set up around Manila. Thousands of protesters defying the emergency order in Manila clash with riot police. June 2006 — The Philippines abolishes the death penalty after pressure from nongovernmental groups. July 2006 — President Arroyo signs an agreement with the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), which will help fund anti-corruption efforts within the state's financial institutions. August 2006 — President Arroyo survives an impeachment attempt over charges of election fraud, corruption and human rights abuses. January 2007 — In the past year, 10 journalists have been killed in the Philippines. February 2007 — A government-backed commission links political killings to soldiers of the Philippine military. A rights group says 830 extrajudicial killings have taken place since President Arroyo came to power in 2001. The report finds no evidence that the killings had been politically sanctioned. It does, however, claim that there is evidence linking army's former head of counterinsurgency, Gen. Jovito Palparan, and others to some of the killings. On Feb. 18, Hernani Pastolero, the editor of a weekly newspaper, is shot outside of his home. May 2007 — Parliamentary and local elections take place. More than 100 are killed in violence during three months of campaigning, including several high-ranking elections and government officials . The army is deployed in many areas amid fears that private militias and rebel groups will disrupt voting. BBC correspondents report that vote-buying is rampant as polling takes place and that many people wait until the end of the day to negotiate the price of their votes. July 18, 2007 — Philippine Justice Secretary Raul Gonzalez tells reporters that in certain circumstances the Justice Ministry will allow the government to wiretap journalists. Although Gonzalez appreciates that journalists interviews and sources are sacred, he nevertheless makes the remark that they can be wiretapped if there is sufficient basis or if they are being suspected of co-mingling with terror suspects. Local press freedom groups say the defined measures of this law are broad and vague, and it is unclear whether journalists could be considered accomplices to terrorism under the new law if they merely interview those considered by the government to be terror suspects. July 26, 2007 — Raynato S. Puno, the chief justice of the Philippines Supreme Court, tells a delegation that he will seek justice in the unsolved killings and disappearances of journalists and will use his authority to protect freedom of speech. 32 journalists have been killed in Philippines since 1992, making it the world's fifth deadliest nation for journalists for that time period. Under the 1987 constitution, the Supreme Court has the power to "promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights". August 2007 — Twenty-six Filipino soldiers die following a conflict with rebel groups. September 2007 — Ex-President Joseph Estrada is convicted on corruption charges and receives a life sentence in jail. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo pardons Estrada in October. November 2007 — One person is killed and six are injured when a bomb explodes in a shopping center. Two terrorist groups claim responsibility for the attack. March 2008 — The Millennium Challenge Corporation deems the Philippines eligible for more assistance, stemming from the nation's efforts over the past two years to combat corruption. April 2008 — President Arroyo signs the UN Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT ). On April 7, publisher Benefredo Acabal dies after suffering several gunshot wounds. May 2008 — Courts indefinitely delay the trial of two suspects accused of murdering journalist Marlene Garcia-Esperat in 2005.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://quivillaperu.tripod.com/ph/id6.html

2024-04-13T19:50:08Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

Native to China and not very widely known around the world apart from collectors. Sub-tropical. Can be damaged by frosts and sub-zero temperatures may kill the tree. It is a slow-growing, small evergreen tree. The canopy is compact, with beautiful glossy green leaves that would earn it a place in many gardens. Belongs to the Moraceae Family, related to jakfruit, breadfruit, mulberries and figs. Preference for well-drained, mildly acid soil. It can survive brief flooding. Propagation is largely by seeds. There are no widely recognised varieties. Flowering and Pollination It is monoecious but relatively self-sterile, with isolated trees setting many small seedless fruit. Give water during extended dry spells. Grow in full sun, or very lightly shaded. May need foliar sprays of zinc and manganese and soil application of iron chelates. Prune only to remove dead branches, and to decrease the height or width of the tree. Fruit size, normally 5-7cm in diameter, depending on the effectiveness of pollination; similarly fruit shape can be irregular if pollination is only partial. Like the jackfruit, the fruit is a syncarp. When ripe, skin colour is yellow and pulp is orange with a pleasant sub-acid flavour. Fruit must be completely ripe as unripe fruits produce white, sticky latex. Ripening happens quickly, in 1 to 3 days. Fruit Production and Harvesting Yield can be up to 2000 fruits per tree under ideal conditions. Pick only when fully ripe. Fruits mature in autumn. Eaten fresh. Pulp can be used for desserts and baking. Pests and Diseases An attractive tree, good fruit, worthy of garden space. The following comments were prompted by some discussion in our Facebook group concerning flowering and fruit set in this species. Jackfruit (A heterophyllus) is the most commercially important fruiting species in the genus, and accordingly it’s been the one that has been the subject of most horticultural research. Far less is known about other edible species, eg chempedak (A integer), breadfruit (A altilis) and marang (A odoratissimus), with even less for kwai muk, despite the fact that it’s a threatened species in its native area of southern China. The few studies that have been published are mostly in Mandarin and consequently have not been widely disseminated or subject to international peer review. There are about 50 Artocarpus species and are all monoecious ie individual trees have separate unisexual male and female flowers. Kwai muk inflorescences are yellowish, axillary and solitary. The obovoid male head consists of numerous flowers on a 10-23mm long peduncle, and at anthesis is 15-20 X 10-15 mm with pubescent tetramerous proximally-free perianth (sepals and petals) segments that are about 1 mm long. Each flower has a single 1-1.5 mm long stamen. The female head contains numerous flowers and is about 2cm across, with pubescent protruberances (papillae) formed from inter-floral bracts; ex-serted styles protrude about 0.5 mm between the papillae. Fruit, 2-4cm across on a 35-50mm long peduncle with up to a dozen fruiting carpels, is a pubescent sub-globose syncarp with the papillae still mildly apparent, and has a milky latex when unripe, green maturing to yellow-apricot coloured skin, orange-reddish flesh and zero to several seeds. Insects are believed to be the major pollinators. Pollination is facultatively xenogamous, ie the major means of pollination is by outcrossing with a genetically different tree of A hypargyreus while it has limited means of being pollinated by pollen from male flowers on the same tree provided sufficient overlap of male and female flowering occurs. Different trees can have variable levels of sterile pollen. In other edible Artocparpus species it has been found that fruit set may occur but only after pollination, leading to seedless fruit. Kwai muk is genetically highly heterozygous and some trees are triploid, leading to difficulties in cross pollination with other diploid plants. For chempedak in south east Asia, a complex pollination mechanism has been found involving gall midges and fungi. A hypargyreus is not a common fruit tree species in Australia and the chance of Nursery mislabelling is considerable. The above information on flower morphology, which plays a major role in plant identification, might help you confirm that your plant is what is claimed. And as far as research on the species goes, it seems that for good cropping it would be best to have more than a single tree, or to achieve the same effect though grafting.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://rarefruitclub.org.au/wp/fruit-trees/artocarpus-hypargyraeus/

2024-04-13T18:50:01Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00000.warc.gz

en

As someone new to the medieval hobby, one of the first things you need is something to wear. There are few requirements in this area, but there are a few criteria your first outfit should fulfill: - It should be easy to make (no one starts out as an expert). - It should fit (we don't want you to trip over your hem and break your neck). - It should be historically accurate (we are historical re-enactors after all). Too often new re-enactors are rushed to make something just to "get them on the field". There is no reason for this haste. Fabric costs money and sewing takes time. Making bad garb is just a waste of precious resources. Your first piece of clothing doesn't have to be something you'll be ashamed of in years to come. You can make easy, historically accurate medieval clothes in minutes, and you can do it right the first time. For your first set of historic clothes, don't worry too much about country of origin or century. If you re-enact medieval Europe, many things are similar if not the same. As you learn more about your chosen area of study, you can expand. But almost everyone during most of the Middle Ages wore some version of tunics and pants (women's tunics were floor-length). Step One - what kind of fabric To begin, you'll need some linen or wool. Make sure it is not a wool/poly blend or a linen/rayon blend. This will cook you in the hot months and freeze you in the Fall. Besides, it just plain looks wrong. Cotton/linen blends are fine. They were used in period and called "fustian". 100% cotton is unacceptable for two reasons: - Cotton was not grown in Northern Europe until the 15th century and even then it was such a luxury fiber that even Queen Elizabeth herself only had ONE cotton undertunic (a gift from the Spanish court), and it was so priceless that she never even wore it! - Cotton does not take wear and tear well at all. If you want your pants to last more than one event, don't make them out of cotton. Modern cotton is too refined to look like period cotton anyhow. So please shy away from this fabric. So to begin, get yourself some 3.5 oz (handkerchief weight) white linen for your undertunic and wool for your over tunic. Right now you might be thinking, "How can I afford real wool or linen?" or "I'm allergic to wool. What shall I do?" First things first. Wool and linen can often be found at end-of-the-season sales at fabric stores. If you find a fabric store that claims to be an outlet, all the better. They buy bolt-ends (pieces 25 yards or less) from clothing manufacturers. These are designer fabrics that are often priced $6-12 a yard. But at the end of the season, the go on sale for half price. I shop these sales every year, and end up selling a lot of my "haul" to Markland newbies at cost because I can't possibly use it all. The answer is "shop." Wool and linen at little fabric stores are usually not real wool and linen anyhow. And the more run-down the store looks, the better your chances of finding "real" fabrics. If you really don't have access to a good fabric store, there is always the Internet. There is a site called Fabrics-store.com . This website sells different weights and colours of linen for $5.50 to $6.50 a yard (60" wide). Also, they have a feature called "The Fabric Doggie Bag" where you can get pieces even cheaper than that. Before you give up being able to afford real linen, surf to Fabrics-store.com (they even have some wool too). So you're allergic to wool. Are you sure? Many people think they are allergic to wool, but just dislike the itchiness associated with the fiber. Good wool isn't itchy at all. Some wool isn't even fuzzy! Goat hair and other wiry fibers make inferior wool scratchy. Other people who think they are allergic to wool are really allergic to the chemicals used to process wool. Sometimes you can find wool that is processed differently and you will be able to wear it in comfort. Other times, a good run through the washer with baby shampoo will scrub away those chemicals. If not, you don't have to wear wool. Linen is period-accurate too! If you can only do one layer at this time, go for linen since you probably don't want to wear the wool alone. Fabrics to Avoid Microfiber (a fancy 1990's term for polyester) Vicose (a type of rayon) Tencel (more rayon) Fleece (it may "look" like wool, but it's made from scrap cotton) Upholstery or drapery fabric Anything knit (like T-shirt material) Anything called "jersey" (even if it's wool) These fabrics may look medieval to you now, but they aren't. And in most cases, they will be uncomfortable to wear and will wear out quickly. In a few months, you will regret spending time and money on these "losers." Do yourself a favour now: choose wisely. Your reward will be garb you can wear for years. How to Tell the Real from the Fakes If you've been talking to medievalists a lot, you may have already heard of the "burn test". If you burn a smidgeon (yes, that is a technical term) of fabric, you can tell what fibre it is by smelling or observing what it does. |Takes a while to ignite. The fabric closest to the ash is very brittle. Easily extinguished by blowing on it. |Steady flame. Easily extinguished by blowing on it. |Burns readily with a flickering flame that cannot be easily extinguished. |Burns readily, not necessarily with a steady flame. Not easily extinguished. |ash easily crumbled |Harder to ignite than silk. Flame is steady but more difficult to keep burning. |Catches fire fast but sometimes puts itself out. It bubbles, sizzles, and melts. |ash is hard Now I know what you're saying: How do you tell if something is a blend? Well, if it is a blend, it will show the properties of both fibres which make it up. That means, if it melts, don't buy it! The problem with the burn test is that cotton, linen, and rayon all react the similarly. So how do you tell the difference? Never fear. There is a way! Look at the fabric. Feel it. Try to crumple it up and see if it wrinkles easily. If you can, take a swatch out into the sunlight. Pull off a loose thread and "unspin" it with your fingers. |look of fabric |feel of fabric |look of thread |look of unspun thread |stiff, wrinkles easily |smooth, even weave |cottony, like the edge of torn jeans |smooth, even or slubs at regular intervals |shiny the more you play with it Step Two - how much fabric Skip ahead to the next section and do the measurements. Buy fabric that is at least 2 x "C" wide and "A" + "B" + "E" long. For a knee-length tunic, 2 ½ yards of 60" wide fabric should be plenty for most men. For floor-length, 3 ½ yards of 60" wide material should suffice. But trust your measurements, not mine! Before you do anything with your fabric, you should wash it. All fabrics shrink to a certain extent, and it is best if they shrink BEFORE you cut out your garment. This will also remove dust from the fabric store and commercial finishings from the factory that make many people break out or itch. You can hand wash the fabric if you want, but I throw mine right in the washing machine on a normal (not delicate) setting. Turn the water on hot (remember, you want it to shrink...) and toss your fabric in. For wool, baby shampoo makes a great detergent. For linen, use anything, but avoid Woolite for all fabrics. Send the fabric through the dryer too, just for the extra shrinkage potential. When you take the fabric out of the dryer, is your wool fuzzy and soft? Is your linen a lot softer than it was? If not, send them through again. The other great thing about this is that you won't have to worry about shrinkage when you wash you new garments! Step Three - and now what? Ah, this is the fun part. Until the 14th century, medieval clothing wasn't very fitted. Consequently, clothing from this period is even easier to make because of that. One size doesn't fit all, but a handful of sizes do. For those of you already developing a research bent (give yourself a pat on the back!), the following pattern is roughly based on the Kragelund Mose tunic, Bocksten Man's tunic, the Skjoldehamn tunic, the tunic of St. Louis, and the Pazyryk grave finds, among others. It is documentable to the 14th century but may be arguably as early as the 12th. First you'll need to take some measurements. Having a friend help you with this is a really good idea. The first measurement you'll need is from the bump at the base of your skull to where you want the tunic to end down your back (if you are a woman, measure to the floor). Run the measuring tape close to your body so you take into consideration all the curves. Add three inches to this number and call it "A". Now measure around the largest part of your chest. Add four inches to this measurement. Divide by two and call it "C". This is the length and width (respectively) of your front and back pieces. Remember this. Find your waist. This is the narrowest part of your torso, regardless of where you wear your jeans. Measure from your waist to where you want the tunic to end (or floor) and add three inches. This will be the length of your gores. Call it "E". Measure from the point of your shoulder around your bent elbow to your wrist. Call that measurement "B". Measure around the largest part of your arm and add a few inches. This will be your sleeve width. Feel free to make it as wide or as narrow as you like. Perhaps you have a shirt whose sleeves fit the same as you want your tunic to fit (do not use a T-shirt -- they stretch too much). Measure the sleeve of the shirt and remember to multiply by two if the sleeve is folded in half (as it would be unless you took the shirt apart). Be careful not to stretch the fabric as you measure it. Call that measurement "D". Now lay out your fabric and mark it with your measurements as seen below. Cut out the pieces as indicated. Cut two 6" x 6" squares for your gussets. Sew the front to the back along the top of the rectangles. This is your shoulder seam. Fold the sleeves in half width-wise (so that the folded sleeve is ½ D wide). Line this fold up with the shoulder seam and sew that side to the garment on either side. Sew the top of the gussets to the underside of each sleeve. Sew one side of each gusset to the front body piece. Sew the one split gore together along the FLAT sides (not the slanted side - this is IMPORTANT). Make a slit E" long up the exact center of the front and back pieces. Insert the split gore into the back slit and another of the gores into the front slit. Attach the other two gores to the sides of the front body piece, aligning their tops with the top of the front slit. Your garment should now look like the figure at right. Fold the garment in half along the shoulder seams. Fold the underarm gussets in half diagonally and sew the remaining sides to the bottom of the sleeve and the side of the back body piece, respectively. Your garment should start to look like the figure at left. Sew the bottom of the sleeves closed. Sew the unsewn edge of the side gores to the back body piece on either side. Sew the front to the back body piece under the gussets (if necessary). Cut your neckline (start small - be careful not to cut it too big!) and finish the edge. Hem the bottom and the sleeve ends, and you're done! Welcome to the wonderful world of medieval clothing construction. Easy, huh? Told ya! Questions? Comments? Want to Scream? Want to Brag? Email the historian! © 2003 Kass McGann. All Rights Reserved. The Author of this work retains full copyright for this material. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial private research or educational purposes provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://reconstructinghistory.com/en-de/blogs/beginners/your-first-garb-getting-started

2024-04-13T19:15:05Z

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en

Both the UK and Welsh governments are committed to supporting disabled people’s access into employment and to reducing the disability employment gap. While the Welsh Government has responsibility for employability and skills, employment support and social security are the responsibility of the UK Government. Last year, the UK Government hit its goal to see a million more disabled people in work but that only tells part of the story. While more disabled people are in work, the gap between working age disabled and non-disabled people has actually increased. The Welsh Government has said it wants to close the gap between disabled people and the rest of the working population and has committed to incorporate the UN Convention on the Rights of Disabled people into Welsh Law (Article 27 recognises the right of disabled people to work on an equal basis with others). The Scottish Government also intends to incorporate the Convention, and the UK Government, despite ratifying the Convention in 2009, has not made any commitment to incorporate it into UK law. In this article, we look at the evidence and the progress made in achieving this commitment The disability employment gap The campaign group Disability Rights UK argues that: Barriers to more disabled people getting employment do not lie with Disabled people ourselves but with society – including inaccessible transport, poor employer attitudes, inadequate flexible working and Access to Work Support and failure to make reasonable adjustments. By May 2022 a million more disabled people in the UK were in work. However, data for July to September 2022 shows the disability employment rate has fallen since the same time last year, with the non-disabled employment rate rising. This means the disability employment gap (i.e. the gap between working age disabled and non-disabled people) was at its widest point since 2018. The figures had begun to recover to pre-pandemic levels, however several reasons are thought to have contributed to this including an increase in the numbers of people being classed as disabled. At 32.3 percentage points the ‘disability employment gap’ in Wales is higher when compared to Scotland (31.6 percentage points) and the UK as a whole (29.8 percentage points). In Wales, the greatest disability employment gaps are in Blaenau Gwent (46.8 percentage points) and Neath Port Talbot (44.5 percentage points). Both feature on the top 20% disability employment gaps in the UK. Employment rate of people aged 16-64 by disability status, Wales (year ending June 2014 to year ending June 2021) This gap is larger for disabled people who have no or few qualifications. Highest level of qualification of people aged 21 to 64 by disability status; UK, July 2020 to June 2021 Alongside the disability employment gap, disabled workers are also more likely to be working part time, with 41% of disabled workers and 29% of non-disabled workers working part-time. Proportion of workers aged 16+ by number of hours worked and disability status, Wales Part-time is 30 hours or less worked per week. Full-time is 31 or more hours. Disability is defined under the Equality Act UK Government actions to support disabled people into work The Equality Act 2010 prohibits both direct and indirect disability discrimination in employment and recruitment. Employers must make reasonable adjustments to support disabled job applicants and employees. Reasonable adjustments can include making changes to the recruitment process, physical working environment, equipment or to an employees working hours. Alongside this legislation to protect the rights of disabled people, the UK Government has put in place a plan to support disabled people access employment. Initiatives include the Access to Work scheme which provides support to meet the needs of disabled people in the workplace, to help them find or stay in work. The Disability Confident scheme helps employers create more accessible and diverse workforces by championing inclusive recruitment practices. In March the UK Government published its Health and Disability White Paper which aims to help “unemployed disabled people to move back into and remain in work”. However, the campaign group Disability Rights UK is concerned that it is removing the Workplace Capability Assessment which assess whether a disabled person can work and protects those who can’t from benefit sanctions with “instead a system geared to driving disabled claimants into seeking and applying for jobs”. Welsh Government actions The Welsh Government has published several plans which aim to increase disabled people’s access to work. The 2018 Employability Plan sets out its commitment to increase the number of disabled people in work and work with employers to ensure workplaces are inclusive and supportive environments In 2019 the Right to Independent Living Framework and Action Plan established a network of Disabled People’s Employment Champions to engage with employers to encourage more employment of disabled people. It reaffirmed the Welsh Government’s commitment to use the Social Model of Disability to underpin its employment policies and recruitment methods, and to share the approach as part of a wider movement to remove employment barriers for disabled people. The Learning Disability Strategic Action Plan 2022 to 2026 prioritises improving access to employment, training and support for people with learning disabilities. The plan for employment and skills, published in March 2022, placed a renewed focus on improving labour market outcomes for disabled people. In July 2021, the Disability Equality Forum published the report: ‘Locked Out: Liberating Disabled People’s Lives and Rights in Wales beyond COVID-19. The Welsh Government has set up a Disability Rights Taskforce to address the issues highlighted in the report, which include employment and income. A ‘Disability Rights Action Plan’ is expected in March 2024. Despite focus on improving employment outcomes for disabled people, there appears to be little research into how it can be addressed. Disability Wales has identified several issues which impact disabled people’s access to work, with a key issue being “reluctance by employers to implement their reasonable adjustments”. Poor access to legal aid can make it difficult for disabled people to benefit from legislation that exists to protect their rights (many do not have the resources to support a tribunal process). A report by Leonard Cheshire highlighted a lack of awareness and delays to support schemes like Access to Work and discrimination and negative attitudes towards disabled people among some employers. The Welsh Government is still working on its disability rights action plan, which should make clearer how it intends to address the disabled employment gap. We’ll need to wait another year before that’s published. For now, there’s little evidence that progress has been made to incorporate the UN Convention on the Rights of Disabled People into Welsh law. This would mean disabled people’s rights would have to be taken into account when making laws in the Senedd and would provide a framework for developing policy, a move long called for by disability organisations.

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The author’s views are entirely his or her own and may not always reflect the views of Reverb. More than ever, it’s crucial that preparations for distance learning are taken by the uninitiated. Previously, most remote students were adult learners. Now, remote students are all students. Those who were used to remote learning, for the most part, had already decided to learn online. They had made mental and physical preparations to manage their time and space from home, while also having adequate technology. They may have chosen online learning due to needs for flexibility or to be home because they are a caregiver. On the other hand, students not used to this learning style, especially now, often wanted to be on campus. They may do best with the external regulation created by the classroom environment, such as having to be away from home and on-campus at a particular time. They may thrive in the physical presence of an instructor and peers. In sum, they may have different self-regulation needs, technology needs, and social presence needs. The shift to remote, digital learning, caught most students and teachers off guard. Now, this no longer has to be the case. Here are a few ways students and teachers can better prepare for distance learning. How can students prepare for distance learning? There are a myriad of great ways students should prepare for distance learning. Set up a calendar. Set up a calendar that mirrors a school-like schedule. If you’re the type of learner who appreciates the change of scenery and focus of a classroom, but won’t have real-time video-based classes during this time, consider setting up a specific two-hour block in a new place. Plan this block on a calendar, such as Google Calendar, and sit at a new place for schoolwork (a desk or kitchen table is fine!). Then study away. Use your preference of habit to help you focus. Find a study buddy. In the first week of class, add a discussion-board comment offering to organize a class buddy list. You can do this easily with a shared Google Document. Have your peers state whether they would like shared work sessions or text check-ins. You can even study with other people via video messaging for an accountability and empathetic debrief. Use a timer. Consider a timer to help with chunking your study time. The Google Chrome extension, Focus Timer (it looks like a tomato, in reference to vintage tomato timers), rotates through “Pomodoro” sessions. The Pomodoro technique is a notable method for getting work done. You work, with no distractions, for 25-minutes, then pause for a 3-5-minute break. Use the break to move, check your social media, and hydrate. Then get back to work. One full Pomodoro session is a 2-hour block of this. Plan ahead how many Pomodoros you will do for the day. Take advantage of digital office hours. Use digital office hours. Teachers are required to have them, but students rarely show up. Your teachers would love to meet with you, even for a hello. They work from home too and also want face-to-face time. Ask a question, review an upcoming assignment, or talk about anything you want. Share your goals. Using digital office hours is also a great way to be active and demonstrate you care about your learning. How can teachers prepare for distance learning? Educators have perfected many techniques for teaching remotely. Use asynchronous (non-real-time) media. If your students planned to be on campus, they probably have a preference for more personal social contact. They may have had a negative experience with online learning or just total inexperience. With digital learning, especially with large real-time classes, social and emotional distance is often severely felt. Supplement this with asynchronous media. You can use voice, video, and text messages to create a one-on-one feel, even in a large class. For instance, use a self-care forum every term, where students post ways they are taking care of themselves. Your students could post pictures and videos of dogs, walks, etc. You could also quickly follow up with students using voice messages (and have them message you back). This is good for when you don’t want to show your face or when you have a shy student. Often, learning isn’t only about knowledge; the social presence of the teacher and classmates can predict satisfaction and learning outcomes. Help students with self-regulation. Remote students may need help with self-regulation. Even if it’s a bit more work, self-regulation is known to support student success. Encourage this by posting recaps every week of all the readings and assignments due. It’s recommended you use a checklist (yes, even if it’s already in the syllabus) to chunk large assignments into smaller pieces and provide formative feedback. If you have a big class, have a well-designed rubric students can use to do peer reviews. Have students attach the rubric to the last page of the assignment. They should then self-assess their work according to this rubric. This gives students a chance to catch and self-correct an error they may have missed. You can also support self-regulation in synchronous classes by using brief grounding exercises at the beginning of class – there are tons of ideas for inspiration on YouTube. Keep the tech simple. Students, especially those who did not plan on being online learners, may not have excellent technology knowledge, access, or even internet. Although it’s tempting to infuse lots of edtech tools and platforms right away, try to keep it simple. Cognitive load is already stretched by new environmental distractions (job loss, worry of illness, child care, etc.). Try not to burden students with learning too many different tools. Additionally, give options for not using video, such as chat or voice. Although social presence is aided by video, there are some good reasons students prefer to skip that option, aside from just being shy. Let students know you care about how they are doing by checking-in. Be human. Between so many various losses (including loss of a campus experience), everything that’s going on in the news, and holidays approaching at a time when families may not be able to get together, your students may struggle outside the digital classroom. Students are more likely to tell you how you are doing if you ask them. Launch an early-term Google Forms questionnaire asking about the pace of your class, what’s going well, what could be better, and, “Would you like to schedule a meeting with me?” So many more students say yes than would actually request an unprompted meeting. This is a serious topic, and you can learn more about best practices from this report by Columbia University. Whether you’re a student or teacher, it’s important you try some of these best practices now. If you’re unable to practice at this very moment, carve out a 2-hour focused block to attempt putting them into effect. What do you think of these practices for distance learning preparation? Do you have any of your own? Do you have interesting experiences with any of these? Share your thoughts in the comments below, it would be great to hear from you!

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- This topic is empty. 17/11/2023 at 09:43 #975adminKeymaster Four-axis stamping is a cutting-edge technology that revolutionizes the manufacturing process by using robotic arms to perform intricate stamping operations. Unlike traditional two-axis stamping, which can only move in two directions, four-axis stamping robots have the ability to move in four different directions: up and down, side to side, back and forth, as well as rotate. The way it works is quite fascinating. These robots are equipped with precision tools such as punches and dies that are used to shape or cut materials like metal sheets or plastics. The robot's software controls its movements and coordinates them with the desired patterns or designs required for the stamped parts. With this advanced capability, four-axis stamping robots can create complex geometries with high accuracy and speed. They can perform multiple stamping operations in a single cycle, reducing production time significantly compared to manual labor or other automation methods. Moreover, these robots provide flexibility in terms of customization. By programming different tool paths and configurations into their systems, manufacturers can easily adapt them for various products without requiring extensive retooling or setup changes. In addition to increased efficiency and versatility, four-axis stamping offers excellent repeatability. Robots consistently produce identical stamped parts with minimal errors or inconsistencies. This ensures consistent quality control throughout the manufacturing process. Four-axis stamping robots bring numerous benefits to manufacturers across industries—precision cutting capabilities combined with enhanced speed result in improved productivity while maintaining top-notch quality standards. As technology continues advancing at an unprecedented pace, it's exciting to see how these machines will further transform manufacturing processes worldwide!

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Most people know that physical activity is important in obtaining optimal cardiovascular health. It also may not be surprising that a majority of Americans do not get the minimum recommended 75 vigorous-intensity minutes or 150 moderate intensity minutes per week of aerobic activity. Nor do they engage at least twice a week in muscle strengthening activities for major muscle groups.(1) Studies have shown that an active life style can reduce cardiovascular disease by as much as 39% and stroke by 33%.(2) This risk reduction is due in part to exercise—which alters risk factors by lowering blood pressure, triglycerides and blood sugar, elevating HDL or good cholesterol, and reducing inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, all of which are felt to be major contributors to vascular disease. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain which aides in cognition, pain control and mood. It oxygenates the muscles to decrease fatigue, aids in skin health, increases bone density, and improves vision. Engaging in a regular exercise program also allows for greater burning of fat cells, increases insulin sensitivity (reducing diabetes risk), and decreases risk of developing certain cancers. Studies have shown a 31% decrease in all-cause mortality for those doing the minimum recommended exercise.(3) There is increasing data pointing toward exercise as a potent “medicine” that improves both quality of life and duration of life. Physical activity appears to help promote growth of new neurons, and aids in repair and protection of cells from degeneration. In addition, it protects telomeres (which help prevent chromosome deterioration) from shortening, which slows aging at the cellular level.(4) Enjoy Tennis or Racket Ball? If you enjoy racket sports, there is especially good news. A recent study of 80,000 adults tracked for ten years showed that those who played racket sports had an overall lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rate when compared with those who participated in other forms of exercise.(5) For those who don’t enjoy racket sports take heart–much of what we already do in our daily activities can count toward recommended daily exercise requirements. Even as little as 10 minutes of sustained activity is beneficial. Learn more from Harvard Medical School about various activities and the associated effects on calories burned. For those times when you feel a cold or flu coming on, give this recipe I’ve come across a try. It just might put you back on the path to health! - 1 whole garlic - 1 medium onion - 1 heaping Tbsp Miso paste - 12 oz. mushrooms, thinly chopped - Chives for garnish (optional) Variation: for a creamy soup add 2 cups spinach or kale (for extra nutrients!) plus 1/2 can of cannellini beans - Chop top off whole garlic - Cut off top of onion and cut into “blooming onion” (slice vertically in 16 segments, then separate sections as if opening a flower) - Bake both whole garlic and onion for 20 minutes at 400 degrees - In 4qt soup pot, add 2.5 quarts water, roasted garlic (squeeze garlic out of skin), onion, and miso - Cook 10 minutes then use immersion blender to blend completely - Add mushrooms and cook another 10 minutes - For a creamy soup, add spinach or kale and cannellini beans. Blend soup until mixed thoroughly.

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