{ "Contributors": [ "Jalansh Munshi" ], "Source": [ "pubmed_qa" ], "URL": [ "https://huggingface.co/datasets/pubmed_qa" ], "Categories": [ "Answer Verification" ], "Reasoning": [], "Definition": [ "Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question." ], "Input_language": [ "English" ], "Output_language": [ "English" ], "Instruction_language": [ "English" ], "Domains": [ "Academical Papers" ], "Positive Examples": [ { "input": "Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?\nAnswer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.", "output": "yes", "explanation": "The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct." }, { "input": "Question: Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice?\nAnswer: Neuronal signals via the hepatic vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and protection against obesity in HFD fed Pemt(-/-) mice.", "output": "yes", "explanation": "The answer is in accordance with the question and clearly says that neuronal signals contribute to development of steatohepatitis. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct." }, { "input": "Question: Does psammaplin A induce Sirtuin 1-dependent autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/adr human breast cancer cells and xenografts?\nAnswer: PsA significantly inhibited MCF-7/adr cells proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, with accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. PsA significantly decreased SIRT1 enzyme activity and reduced expression of SIRT1 protein in the cultured cells with greater potency than sirtinol or salermide. Acetylation of p53, a putative target of SIRT1, increased significantly following PsA treatment. In addition, PsA markedly increased the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. In support of this, it was found that PsA significantly increased the expression of damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), a p53-induced protein.", "output": "yes", "explanation": "The answer says that psammaplin (PsA) increased the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins, which is in accordance with the question. Hence, this output is correct." } ], "Negative Examples": [ { "input": "Question: Is methylation of the FGFR2 gene associated with high birth weight centile in humans?\n Answer: We identified a novel biologically plausible candidate (FGFR2) for with BWC that merits further study.", "output": "no", "explanation": "It is mentioned in the answer that a novel biologically plausible candidate (FGFR2) for birth weight centile (BWC) as identified that merits further study. This answer satisfies the question. The output should be 'yes' and hence, this is a bad example." }, { "input": "Question: Do tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and their change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict response and prognosis of breast cancer?\nAnswer: Breast cancer immune cell subpopulation profiles, determined by immunohistochemistry-based computerized analysis, identify groups of patients characterized by high response (in the pre-treatment setting) and poor prognosis (in the post-treatment setting). Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the distribution of immune cells and their changes after chemotherapy may contribute to the development of new immune-targeted therapies for breast cancer.", "output": "no", "explanation": "It has been written in the answer that chemotherapy may contribute to the development of new immune-targeted therapies for breast cancer. This answers the question. The output should be 'yes' and hence, this is a bad example." }, { "input": "Question: Is hidradenitis suppurativa a systemic disease with substantial comorbidity burden : a chart-verified case-control analysis?\nAnswer: Control subjects were not validated for absence of HS and comorbidity validation was not performed for either group.", "output": "no", "explanation": "The answer says that the control subjects were not validated for absence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and comorbidity validation was not performed. This is a satisfactory response to the question. The output should be 'yes' and hence, this is a bad example. " } ], "Instances": [ { "id": "task846-a3d71eef6d064a63b0fce9d1107451b0", "input": "Question: Is urinary 5-HIAA excretion increased in patients with head and neck paragangliomas?\nAnswer: Urinary 5-HIAA excretion is within the normal reference range in almost all HNPGL patients. Therefore, this parameter has no clinical relevance in the routine clinical assessment of HNPGL patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-da39cea1a6b24df2aa737f6586869ff3", "input": "Question: Is inhibition of B-NHEJ in plateau-phase cells a direct consequence of suppressed growth factor signaling?\nAnswer: The results document a rapid and fully reversible adaptation of B-NHEJ to growth activity and point to factors beyond EGFR in its regulation. They show notable differences in the regulation of error-prone DSB repair pathways between proliferating and non proliferating cells that may present new treatment design opportunities in radiation therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0fe42076c991425fa7e55259a3677abd", "input": "Question: Are posterior pituitary functions altered after growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitarism due to Sheehan 's syndrome?\nAnswer: Patients with SS have subtle abnormalities in posterior pituitary functions and the threshold for thirst perception is increased. However GH replacement therapy does not seem to reverse or adversely affect the mildly deteriorated posterior pituitary functions of SS patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b618cd18122a4bf8aa22206d26f6d025", "input": "Question: Does interferon responsiveness change in treatment-experienced hepatitis C subjects : implications for drug development and clinical decisions?\nAnswer: We contend that P/R-experienced subjects are represented within treatment-naive subjects. There are 2 important implications of this finding: (1) from a drug development perspective, a successful direct antiviral plus P/R therapy (IFN-based triple therapy) trial in P/R-experienced subjects may serve as supportive evidence in treatment-naive subjects; and (2) from a clinical decision perspective, previous P/R exposure should not alter new treatment decisions involving IFN-based triple therapy, as the IFN responsiveness to a second course of IFN is comparable.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a0d8495e89ee4f9a8d8051120eb416c7", "input": "Question: Does [ Hydrocephaly modify neuroblast chain migration in the subventricular zone ( SVZ ) ]?\nAnswer: Sub-chronic hydrocephalus did not modify the proliferation of neural precursors or the migration pattern of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone. This suggests that only the CSF flow and the dissolved signaling proteins are the main regulators of the neuronal migration in vivo.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-830c556f577a4e9b8abbcf0c1254f574", "input": "Question: Is coronary artery disease associated with stroke recurrence?\nAnswer: The results of the presented study indicate that CAD does not influence stroke recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-69dd3218ef3547a4894fa49b4895b715", "input": "Question: Does coinciding exercise with peak serum caffeine improve cycling performance?\nAnswer: In contrast to coinciding peak serum caffeine concentration with exercise onset, caffeine consumed 60 min prior to exercise resulted in significant improvements in 40 km time trial performance. The ergogenic effect of caffeine was not found to be related to peak caffeine concentration in the blood at the onset of endurance exercise.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6ee41e8f97e7419691bdfd254f55e1e5", "input": "Question: Does liposomal amphotericin B induce nephrotoxicity or renal function impairment in premature neonates?\nAnswer: LAMB is generally safe and well tolerated in VLBW neonates. The occurrence of LAMB-related nephrotoxicity appears to be uncommon, mild and transient.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6daadffab67f4ca58c626067624b3b5c", "input": "Question: Does change in oxygen saturation predict acute mountain sickness on Jade Mountain?\nAnswer: Subjects with AMS had a lower Spo(2) than those without AMS; however, the differences between the 2 groups were not clinically significant. The results of this study do not support the use of pulse oximetry in predicting AMS on Jade Mountain.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-235ddbacc6c64bd5b9ce994367a5f609", "input": "Question: Does type of axial analgesia influence time to vaginal delivery in a Proportional Hazards Model?\nAnswer: Parity, labor augmentation, induction of labor and fetal weight determine TTVD; axial analgesia-related factors do not contribute to the model.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a71e7611720540c09a11970940d8cc9d", "input": "Question: Does chemotherapy within 30 days before surgery augment postoperative mortality and morbidity?\nAnswer: Preoperative use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cancer patients undergoing resection surgeries was not associated with a higher rate of early postoperative complications or mortality.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8ae9864fc4f6453789c5f740953d0b57", "input": "Question: Are adiposity and physical activity related to academic achievement in school-aged children?\nAnswer: These results do not support the hypotheses that increased adiposity is associated with decreased academic achievement or that greater physical activity is related to improved achievement. However, these results are limited by methodological weaknesses, especially the use of cross-sectional data.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fbe978d820ef4320b57b63700906bac1", "input": "Question: Does improving clinician self-efficacy increase asthma guideline use by primary care clinicians?\nAnswer: Self-efficacy scores correlated with program use at baseline and increased in the intervention arm, but these increases were not associated with greater program-related activities. Self-efficacy may be necessary but not sufficient for behavior change.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-99f722745c624b03aa1b18ab1d01f6c6", "input": "Question: Does ghrelin Receptor Deficiency Affect Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Null Mice?\nAnswer: These data indicate that, surprisingly, the complex and multifaceted actions of endogenous ghrelin receptor mediated signaling on the cardiovascular system have minimal direct impact on atherosclerotic plaque progression as based on a loss-of-function mouse model of the disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7e3065874894443ba801705f2553795e", "input": "Question: Does preoperative 6-min walking distance predict pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery?\nAnswer: The results of the present study suggest that the 6-min walking test is not a useful tool to identify subjects with increased risk of developing PPC following UAS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e0b9c35e4672408ea42c73de99206de1", "input": "Question: Does pulmonary exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes affect the early immune response against Toxoplasma gondii?\nAnswer: Taken together, our data indicate that pre-exposure to SWCNT does not enhance or suppress the early immune response to T. gondii in mice.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-04cf7fc456154119ac8ac0ab12505dcb", "input": "Question: Does medialization of the subscapularis footprint affect functional outcome of arthroscopic repair?\nAnswer: On the basis of this study, functional outcome does not appear to be compromised by medialization of the subscapularis footprint. Medialization by 4 to 7 mm is acceptable when tendon mobility is otherwise insufficient to perform an anatomic tendon-to-bone repair of a complete subscapularis tendon tear.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cfeb1fa5079b4cb8bcf7e813f1fa93c4", "input": "Question: Is perioperative cardiac evaluation of simulated patients by practicing anesthesiologists consistent with 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines?\nAnswer: When evaluating simulated patients, practicing anesthesiologists who are ASA members did not recommend preoperative evaluations that were consistent with the 2007 ACC/AHA Guidelines.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aff9d5eaca944ef2af6f585b9d995939", "input": "Question: Are circulating Th17 cells elevated in patients with chronic heart failure?\nAnswer: Circulating Th17 cells are not elevated in patients with CHF.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2a5d413730bb4709b50abc8074b73a92", "input": "Question: Do impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension : a community cohort study?\nAnswer: While metabolic syndrome components related to insulin resistance present at baseline are important risk factors of hypertension, we conclude that coexisting metabolic component, mainly abdominal obesity, rather than IFG and IGT have more predictive value for determining the development of hypertension in a Korean population.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0c5b4775ad4b4d3ab5c5146f86d68748", "input": "Question: Does repeated applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma induce resistance in Staphylococcus aureus embedded in biofilms?\nAnswer: The repeated application of cold plasma is a promising option for the treatment of infected wounds without the risk of development of resistance against plasma.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-97404d2c2f35471dbafb592450075798", "input": "Question: Do vitamin D levels affect IVF outcomes following the transfer of euploid blastocysts?\nAnswer: In women undergoing euploid embryo transfer, vitamin D status was unrelated to pregnancy outcomes. Measuring serum 25-OH vitamin D levels does not predict the likelihood that euploid blastocysts will implant. These results may not apply to women who do not undergo extended embryo culture, blastocyst biopsy for comprehensive chromosome screening, and euploid embryo transfer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f32c402fe2bf42e0aa6430d8b8f4c97c", "input": "Question: Does remote ischemic preconditioning affect the incidence of acute kidney injury after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair?\nAnswer: RIPC did not reduce the risk of postoperative renal failure or myocardial injury in patients undergoing open AAA repair. The authors' results do not support the introduction of this technique to routine clinical practice.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1b22df3a3e2d4a658a360e77fd49f9ca", "input": "Question: Is fragmented QRS on surface electrocardiogram a reliable predictor of myocardial scar , angiographic coronary disease or long term adverse outcomes?\nAnswer: This study does not support routine assessment of fQRS on surface EKG as a reliable predictor of SPECT myocardial scar, MACE or all-cause mortality over a long period of follow-up.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2eab0985f3b34529bd994b2ded798f6f", "input": "Question: Does pre-bisection of a single skin biopsy produce technically inadequate specimens for direct immunofluorescence : a review of 3450 specimens?\nAnswer: Pre-bisection of a single skin biopsy does not significantly increase the risk of a technically inadequate specimen for direct immunofluorescence testing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d9d1fb08e48f479f93d958f352782aa1", "input": "Question: Does conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus reduce intrapatient variability in tacrolimus exposure?\nAnswer: Although conversion from Tac-TD to Tac-OD significantly reduces tacrolimus exposure as measured by C0 and seems safe, it does not reduce IPV in tacrolimus exposure.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-12a270d108b94c079bcd21c1024a42bd", "input": "Question: Does preoperative assessment of gut hormones correlate to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery?\nAnswer: Preoperative responses of GLP-1 and PYY to a 400 kcal mixed meal do not correlate to postoperative weight loss after RYGB surgery for morbid obesity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7fe8826006254644b1d9b828276b88ab", "input": "Question: Do rats fed diets with different energy contribution from fat differ in adiposity?\nAnswer: We conclude that at similar body mass, adiposity is independent of the macronutrient composition of the feeding regimen used to achieve it.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b28a7bacaa904c4c82c2220fd53c6b02", "input": "Question: Does the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypia on prostate biopsy adversely affect prostatectomy outcomes for patients otherwise eligible for active surveillance?\nAnswer: The presence of HGPIN or ASAP does not increase the risk of upgrading, upstaging, or adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy for patients who meet the AS criteria. If otherwise suitable, HGPIN and ASAP should not impact the decision to choose AS. However, analysis of prospective AS trials is required to determine if HGPIN or ASAP impacts tumor progression once on AS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6f7f72b607aa4d319f97c793cf1f219a", "input": "Question: Do serum osmolarity and haematocrit modify the association between the impedance index ( Ht ( 2 ) /Z ) and total body water in the very old : the Newcastle 85+ study?\nAnswer: The association between the impedance index and TBW was not modified by hydration status, which may support the utilisation of leg-to-leg bioimpedance for the assessment of body composition in the very old.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9b7939475a5841579eaf07b37bf7c720", "input": "Question: Do inpatient admission for febrile seizure and subsequent outcomes differ in children with vaccine-associated versus non-vaccine associated febrile seizures?\nAnswer: The risk of hospitalization for index FS or select subsequent FS outcomes did not differ between VA or NVA-FS. This suggests that the follow-up care of children with VA-FS does not warrant attention beyond that for NVA-FS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-dd58b36c828d46dfbab5907a4176d857", "input": "Question: Are somatic mutations observed by exome sequencing of lymphocyte DNA from monozygotic twins discordant for congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis?\nAnswer: Either somatic mutations are not significant for the etiology of CH or else such mutations lie outside regions of the genome accessible by exome sequencing technology.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a5325a8622074171ab42bee56a230cc2", "input": "Question: Does the temperature of water ingested ad libitum influence performance during a 40-km self-paced cycling trial in the heat?\nAnswer: The performance, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and metabolic responses during a 40-km self-paced cycling trial in the heat were unaffected by different water temperatures.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f44523ee2e1d42b695da58486e3a9603", "input": "Question: Does the apolipoprotein-AI mimetic peptide L4F at a modest dose attenuate weight gain , inflammation , or atherosclerosis in LDLR-null mice?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that neither L4F (100 \u00b5g/day/mouse) nor apoA-I overexpression affects adiposity or insulin resistance in this model. We also were unable to confirm a reduction in atherosclerosis with L4F in our particular model. Further studies on the effect of apoA-I mimetics on atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in a variety of dietary contexts are warranted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1bbee29c1453460dac1578bb02af9666", "input": "Question: Do myocardial creatine levels influence response to acute oxidative stress in isolated perfused heart?\nAnswer: Intracellular creatine levels do not influence the response to acute ROS challenge in the intact beating heart, arguing against creatine exerting (patho-)physiologically relevant anti-oxidant activity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d9966d5597084c408ea85accb696c041", "input": "Question: Is polymorphism Ala54Thr of fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene associated with stroke risk in Han population of Hunan China?\nAnswer: Our study shows that Ala54Thr of FABP2 may be not associated with stroke risk but associated with plasma TG level of stroke patients for Hunan Han population of China.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e096aa10abdc4e0a925c7e1800b925b9", "input": "Question: Do small doses of droperidol present relevant torsadogenic actions : a double-blind , ondansetron-controlled study?\nAnswer: In men without cardiovascular disorders small doses (1.25\u2009mg) of droperidol prophylaxis induced transient QTc prolongation without changes in transmural dispersion of repolarization. The apparently low risk of the drug applies only in low risk male patients with a low pro-QTc score.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a89959aa60b04f7c883915bf39e8979e", "input": "Question: Does variation in 12 porcine genes involved in the carbohydrate moiety assembly of glycosphingolipids account for differential binding of F4 Escherichia coli and their fimbriae?\nAnswer: We conclude that no regulatory or structural variation in any of the investigated genes is responsible for the genetic susceptibility of pigs towards F4 ETEC.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-db693041ee5744939816e4cfd1584864", "input": "Question: Does hypotension always make computed tomography scans unfeasible in the management of blunt abdominal trauma patients?\nAnswer: The traditional priority of diagnostic modalities used to manage BAT patients should be reconsidered because of advancements in facilities and understanding of BAT. With shorter scanning times and transportation distances, hypotension does not always make performing a CT scan unfeasible.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bcbd302019e544bd9dd0cf095f30a666", "input": "Question: Is \u03b2-blocker therapy associated with adverse outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension : a propensity score analysis?\nAnswer: There was no statistically significant difference in long-term mortality between propensity score-matched pairs of PAH patients with and without \u03b2-blocker use. These findings need further validation in prospective clinical trials.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8a72e358c187477d96a94b3f5cdf84b0", "input": "Question: Are phenylalanine flux and gastric emptying affected by replacement of casein with whey protein in the diet of adult cats consuming frequent small meals?\nAnswer: In adult cats fed frequent small meals, the replacement of casein with whey protein in the diet does not affect supply or utilization of amino acids. These two milk proteins appear to be equally capable of meeting the dietary amino acid needs of cats.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fab1893499a44ba09f98b74982860ca8", "input": "Question: Are memory difficulties always a sign of incipient dementia : a review of the possible causes of loss of memory efficiency?\nAnswer: This article reviews SCD and whether this can be used to predict Alzheimer's disease. The review also discusses the terminology used for non-progressive memory problems and the long-term outcomes for this patient group.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-89eed9974ebc4801bbd6e22330059a17", "input": "Question: Do changes in patellofemoral alignment cause clinical impact after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy?\nAnswer: After open-wedge high tibial osteotomy, clinical results showed improvement, compared to pre-operative values. The patellar tilt and lateral patellar shift were not changed; however, descent of the patella was observed. Therefore, mild patellofemoral problems should not be a contraindication of the open-wedge high tibial osteotomy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-81db7f6c311840ccbeccac652fd71587", "input": "Question: Is biofilm formation a prerequisite for production of the antibacterial compound tropodithietic acid in Phaeobacter inhibens DSM17395?\nAnswer: Cell aggregation and biofilm formation are not physiological prerequisites for TDA production.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-06446a6ad5d249e4b0eb5196eb7caef6", "input": "Question: Is monozygotic twinning after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment related to advanced maternal age , intracytoplasmic sperm injection , assisted hatching , or blastocyst transfer?\nAnswer: Until definite conclusions are drawn from larger trials, patients receiving IVF should not be overly concerned about the increase in MZT risk when proceeding to various assisted reproductive procedures (i.e., ICSI, AH, and blastocyst transfer). However, there is some evidence that the incidence of monochorionic-monoamniotic twins may be significantly increased after IVF/ICSI cycles. Patients should be informed about the possible obstetric complications regarding this rare type of MZT.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d00a37a18ce041bcbdf3605f96f27f74", "input": "Question: Does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left premotor/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have analgesic effect on central poststroke pain?\nAnswer: The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of rTMS to the PMC/DLPFC in CPSP patients. An interim analysis showed a consistent lack of analgesic effect, and the study was terminated. rTMS of the PMC/DLPFC is not effective in relieving CPSP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6e61fba52d224e5086f427e890026187", "input": "Question: Do plain cigarette packs exert Pavlovian to instrumental transfer of control over tobacco-seeking?\nAnswer: Plain packaging may reduce smoking in current smokers by degrading cue-elicited tobacco-seeking.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e0d42769ba13482e9c705ecfc9e50ce5", "input": "Question: Is echium oil protective against weight loss in head and neck cancer patients undergoing curative radio ( chemo ) therapy : a randomised-controlled trial?\nAnswer: Echium oil effectively increased erythrocyte EPA and GLA FAs in H&N cancer patients. It failed however to protect against weight loss, or improve nutritional parameters.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2d1f694fec4549719defe5eca32092a0", "input": "Question: Is plasma visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ( visfatin/NAMPT ) concentration related to kidney function in elderly subjects?\nAnswer: The results of our study suggest that plasma visfatin/NAMPT levels are not affected by impaired kidney excretory function in elderly subjects.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c083fbfecfe044c4b7f549ed10a089aa", "input": "Question: Do uniform standards apply to readmission following coronary artery bypass surgery : a multi-institutional study?\nAnswer: Analysis of CABG readmission data from a network of community hospitals that vary in size and patient demographic characteristics suggests that there are many nonclinical factors influencing readmission; readmission rates and associated risk factors may vary considerably between centers; earlier readmissions are more likely to be procedure-related than patient-related; and therefore, considerable caution should be exercised in attempting to apply uniform standards or strategies to address post-CABG readmission.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c3b0363a97f24377a11ec2a8b7f3a5f0", "input": "Question: Are front-of-pack symbols a reliable indicator of products with healthier nutrient profiles?\nAnswer: FOP symbols are being used to market foods that are no more nutritious than foods without this type of marketing. Because FOP symbols may influence consumer perceptions of products and their purchases, it may be a useful public health strategy to set minimum nutritional standards for products using FOP symbol marketing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-59debf4fc9634e48aeebcbcbc3945c8d", "input": "Question: Does intravenous insulin therapy during lung resection affect lung function or surfactant proteins?\nAnswer: According to our observations, short insulin treatment applied intravenously during resection does not affect the quality of breathing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d471da05d7b74f10a3fc17e8e439789e", "input": "Question: Is head Position Change Associated with Acute Changes in Bilateral Cerebral Oxygenation in Stable Preterm Infants during the First 3 Days of Life?\nAnswer: Stable preterm infants tolerated brief changes in head position from midline without significant alternation in bilateral SctO2; the impact on critically ill infants needs further evaluation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a8917d782f864221b2010545b398437c", "input": "Question: Does emergency surgery for colorectal cancer result in nodal understaging compared with elective surgery?\nAnswer: The evidence does not support the common belief that emergency surgery is more commonly understaged in CRC. Our data suggest emergency surgery resulted in a significant increase in the average number of nodes harvested, with no difference in inadequate nodal staging.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f332edb0b42c44ebbc842f2f316a85d8", "input": "Question: Does shock wave lithotripsy impair renal function in a Swine model of metabolic syndrome?\nAnswer: Our results are consistent with the view that a single SWL session does not result in renal impairment, even in the presence of MetS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-90c41d5ee92b4730a04f5c5bcabe4252", "input": "Question: Is the clinical antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine reversed by parachlorophenylalanine : a pilot study?\nAnswer: The antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine was documented in a small number of MDD subjects, and was not reversed/modified by PCPA confirming findings in animals that therapeutic response is not mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. A NAMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, agmatine's recognized function in brain as inhibitory modulator of excitatory glutamatergic transmission suggests a pivotal role for brain glutamate, contributing to the ripening glutamatergic basis of depression, and a rational basis for future antidepressant pharmacotherapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-221ce459287c42dfaf7f64d387e592d1", "input": "Question: Does vulnerability to sympathetic stress persist in takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: We found no difference in standard diastolic parameters between TSC and control subjects, but a significant higher value in LV-MPI in the TSC group at rest. However, no such difference could be demonstrated during DSE between the groups, indicating that vulnerability to sympathetic stimulation does not persist in TSC patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7f1c7e20433449c28f7b66a0dc4f3295", "input": "Question: Is lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial depression mediated by cyclooxygenase products?\nAnswer: These data suggest that cyclooxygenase products do not mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in the rat.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-db8a6f91490a4484a898147f006d02d0", "input": "Question: Does prolonged hemorrhagic shock impair regeneration of plasma coagulant masses in the rabbit?\nAnswer: Dilutional coagulopathy corrects spontaneously within hours. Normovolemic shock prolongs dilutional coagulopathy not by impairment of factor regeneration but because of further (internal) dilution due to plasma expansion. Rapid correction of dilutional coagulopathy is likely to necessitate cryoprecipitate administration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cc86ebb51f8a4cb08477d7b941bb8e81", "input": "Question: Is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus an obligatory trigger site of Parkinson 's disease : a critical analysis of alpha-synuclein staging?\nAnswer: Our results demonstrate a predominant involvement of the SN and NBM in PD but do not support the existence of a medullary induction site of alpha Syn pathology in all PD brains.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c143c90ffb2e451cb1a7dcbff8ef896d", "input": "Question: Is tracheostomy a risk factor for deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: The incidence of DSWI remains high in patients with respiratory failure. Tracheostomy is not a risk factor for DSWI and serves as a surrogate for respiratory failure. Therefore, considering that early tracheostomy may be beneficial in patients with respiratory insufficiency, a more liberal approach to early tracheostomy may be warranted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-85e2f285f7d040af90c9bdf3e9ef2605", "input": "Question: Does coenzyme Q10 protect cochlear hair cells from death in the ischemic organotypic culture?\nAnswer: CoQ(10) seems to protect against only certain modes of cell death.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8d7ae1a515874edb92d1b6f03546750f", "input": "Question: Does hIV infection disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa?\nAnswer: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV prevalence does not exhibit the same pattern of association with poverty as most other diseases. HIV programmes should also focus on the wealthier segments of the population.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4f1b4a78234f412a9f84d1bd1b253103", "input": "Question: Does recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone acutely change serum osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaBeta ligand in patients under evaluation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma?\nAnswer: In a small group of subjects with a history of DTC on L-T4 regimen, our study did not support an acute direct effect of TSH on OPG and RANK-L.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-69704a18df7f4aa88a0c3c3206eaf06a", "input": "Question: Is xanthelasma associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis in normolipidaemia?\nAnswer: Normolipidaemia with xanthelasma is not significantly associated with CA, but did relate with adverse cardiovascular profiles, such as higher BMI, waist circumference and LDL-C levels.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ffc8bffbefe841a7ac621867ed12b6ff", "input": "Question: Does hyperglycemia after infant cardiac surgery adversely impact neurodevelopmental outcome?\nAnswer: Hyperglycemia is common early after infant cardiac surgery, but is not associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8074abaac32f40eabf19e700973b8b83", "input": "Question: Is angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with susceptibility and outcome in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome?\nAnswer: Our data do not support an association of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with susceptibility or mortality in severe sepsis or with sepsis-induced ARDS in Spanish patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-396f33e2c1ea42d89168ff9343058192", "input": "Question: Does weekend onset of acute myocardial infarction have a negative impact on outcome in Japan?\nAnswer: There were no obvious differences in outcome for Japanese AMI patients in the weekday- or weekend-onset group, suggesting the quality of the Japanese healthcare system is similar for the entire week.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7399c427a73a4feb866e3f3b2414894f", "input": "Question: Is insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats associated with weight from fetal life until infancy : the Generation R Study?\nAnswer: Class III homozygotes were born at an earlier gestational age. No association was found between INS VNTR and birth weight adjusted for gestational age. Our data suggest that the III/III genotype may be associated with asymmetrical growth in mid-pregnancy, but not in late pregnancy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8de01c492e0b43d3a0e2ecea67392662", "input": "Question: Are surgical treatment of active aortic endocarditis : homografts the cornerstone of outcome?\nAnswer: Implantation of conventional prostheses during the active phase of aortic endocarditis yields similar low operative mortality and long-term prognosis as compared with aortic homografts, even in patients with annulus abscess.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b80dd462772f469cb7ae4734b0da2d89", "input": "Question: Are the cardioprotective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril in patients with stable coronary artery disease modified by mild to moderate renal insufficiency : insights from the EUROPA trial?\nAnswer: The treatment benefit of perindopril is consistent and not modified by mild to moderate renal insufficiency.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c3fe1c41872f457cbb755c853bc9881d", "input": "Question: Does ketamine increase pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation?\nAnswer: In the presence of sevoflurane, ketamine did not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in spontaneously breathing children with severe pulmonary hypertension.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d4724b6c46b244879331f3e79e830d63", "input": "Question: Is [ Sense of agency : experiencing judging ]?\nAnswer: The conception of the sense of agency has greatly evolved over the years, mainly because of the various experimental methods employed. The consequences of this are the various theoretical interpretations given to the characteristics of the sense of agency. They can be explained in two main points: a non-unified definition of the sense of agency and an absence of experimental data testing alternative interpretations. First, protocols using attribution judgements have proven to be useful to gain better understanding of the attribution mechanism in schizophrenia. However, findings obtained with these judgments have often been used to conclude on deficits of the sense of agency in schizophrenia, whereas the sense of agency is only a sub component of these judgements.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-775c5aee9bbf4410acbb46e0837b75b0", "input": "Question: Does milk affect the bioavailability of cocoa powder flavonoid in healthy human?\nAnswer: Cocoa powder dissolved in milk as one of the most common ways of cocoa powder consumption seems to have a negative effect on the absorption of polyphenols; however, statistical analyses have shown that milk does not impair the bioavailability of polyphenols and thus their potential beneficial effect in chronic and degenerative disease prevention.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3a35b3f4947848fc85ee797fb0f728ea", "input": "Question: Is magnesium sulfate used for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico and Thailand as much as it should be?\nAnswer: Despite compelling evidence, magnesium sulfate use is below desired levels. Clinical practices should be audited and implementation of this effective intervention should be taken up as a priority where universal implementation is not in place.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-adef3a5ae01c438aa7a3d998501ac8bf", "input": "Question: Does the G/G genotype of a single nucleotide polymorphism at -1066 of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 gene ( MAPK8 ) affect type 2 diabetes susceptibility despite the specific binding of AP2alpha?\nAnswer: The G/G genotype of MAPK8 SNP-1066 did not affect T2DM susceptibility despite specific binding of AP2alpha.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fb3dc527773f4781883fd23da2dfc966", "input": "Question: Is promotion of exclusive breastfeeding likely to be cost effective in West Africa . A randomized intervention study from Guinea-Bissau?\nAnswer: Although mothers were sensitive to follow new breastfeeding recommendations, it had no beneficial impact on infant health in this society with traditional, intensive breastfeeding. There seems to be little reason to discourage local practices as long as there are no strong data justifying such a change.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b6e0cb5adf1745fca4ef6046124df263", "input": "Question: Does acute inflammatory response affect erythrocyte concentrations of copper , zinc and selenium?\nAnswer: Plasma concentrations of copper, zinc and selenium are unreliable markers of status in patients with an acute inflammatory response. Erythrocyte concentrations of these trace elements may provide a more reliable measure in long-term studies of patients with a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Iron can be used instead of haemoglobin as the denominator when expressing erythrocyte concentrations of trace elements.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0774314adb3e4104b680b31b482438bf", "input": "Question: Are acute myocardial infarction length of stay and hospital mortality associated with language preference?\nAnswer: Language preference is not associated with AMI mortality, and the small increase in length of stay associated with non-English preference is accounted for by hospital level factors. Our results suggest that system level differences are important to consider in studies of the effect of language barriers in the health care setting.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-21088db77d734ec9b685f40f2761b4ac", "input": "Question: Is the presence of Helicobacter pylori in postmenopausal women a factor to the decrease of bone mineral density?\nAnswer: Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis presented a well-preserved parietal cell density in comparison with their counterparts without osteoporosis. Helicobacter pylori infection was not different between the two groups. We concluded that neither atrophic chronic gastritis nor Helicobacter pylori seem to be a reliable risk factor to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cdb326b9fc2f4c069db3aecd1f67f532", "input": "Question: Does antidepressant medication treatment failure predict lower remission with ECT for major depressive disorder : a report from the consortium for research in electroconvulsive therapy?\nAnswer: Treatment failure with anti-depressant medication does not predict acute remission status with ECT for nonpsychotically depressed patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1631decb842644d697b93274e7f79a82", "input": "Question: Is the pain-induced decrease in low-threshold motor unit discharge rate associated with the amount of increase in spike-triggered average torque?\nAnswer: The pain-induced modifications in the estimated motor unit twitch torque (1) were not caused by changes in muscle fiber action potential, and (2) were not associated with the decrease in discharge rate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c761285c13ee4e0a8847b5f176b7317f", "input": "Question: Does metoclopramide influence the frequency of propofol-induced spontaneous movements?\nAnswer: Metoclopramide does not affect the frequency of propofol-induced movements, but propofol and fentanyl doses influence the frequency of movements during propofol induction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-48a4715994a04a938e29b84a79eee5e8", "input": "Question: Is change in hemostatic markers after recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator associated with the chance of recanalization?\nAnswer: From a practical point of view, the measurement of these hemostatic markers is probably not useful for predicting recanalization.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a46ce005709c4287843f2d87fa7a2f66", "input": "Question: Is relaxation and guided imagery program in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy associated with neuroimmunomodulatory effects?\nAnswer: We conclude that the psychological intervention was capable to attenuate the emotional distress presented during radiotherapy treatment. A longer RVT or worse psychological morbidity at baseline may be necessary to translate psychological into biological changes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d46b90fe4d424daa91a818690b7a8d67", "input": "Question: Are cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury : things always what they seem?\nAnswer: Self-reported cognitive complaints were more strongly related to premorbid traits and physical and emotional state factors than to actual cognitive impairments. In line with previous work, this suggests that treatment of emotional distress and fatigue may also reduce cognitive complaints. Cognitive outcome assessment of symptomatic MTBI patients should not be restricted to checklist ratings only, but also include a (neuro)psychological screening. In addition, daily monitoring of complaints is a useful method to gather information about the frequency and pattern of cognitive problems in daily life.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-17b7f1e43f384eee81981b97eca08df1", "input": "Question: Does the genotype specific competitive ability correlate with infection in natural Daphnia magna populations?\nAnswer: Our data do not support the inbreeding-infection hypothesis. They also do not support a cost of resistance, however ignoring other parasite strains or parasite species. We suggest as a possible explanation for our results that resistance genes might segregate largely independently of other fitness associated genes in this system.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-971d68555d484d9e8d2d7ffad9a4c50e", "input": "Question: Is routine prophylactic granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( GCSF ) necessary with accelerated ( dose dense ) paclitaxel for early breast cancer?\nAnswer: Accelerated paclitaxel in breast cancer patients without prophylactic GCSF is safe, avoids side effects, reduces costs and is not associated with an increase risk of neutropenic sepsis or treatment delays.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6c74b557187e4fe7a91c9f11012552fc", "input": "Question: Is consumption of omega-3 fatty acids associated with a reduction in carotid atherosclerosis : the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives study?\nAnswer: Dietary intake of omega-3 FAs in a moderate-to-high range does not appear to be associated with reduced plaque, but is negatively associated with IMT. The presence and extent of carotid atherosclerosis among Eskimos is higher with increasing consumption of saturated FAs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ee1121bea998472a946bf4a9dd4c93e7", "input": "Question: Does systemic methotrexate to treat ectopic pregnancy affect ovarian reserve?\nAnswer: Single-dose MTX is a safe first-treatment choice that does not compromise future reproductive outcomes in women who are diagnosed with EP after ART.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7452a31b12a8483c931ef5b708071316", "input": "Question: Is the homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance score predictive of a sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients?\nAnswer: In this series of treatment-na\u00efve, Caucasian CHC patients at a low risk for the metabolic syndrome, HOMA-IR is not a predictor of SVR, irrespective of the HCV genotype, although it may predict RVR in genotype 3 infection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4b260cc339e0418aa3eb7ab6d89bb4e1", "input": "Question: Do rates of labor induction and primary cesarean delivery correlate with rates of adverse neonatal outcome in level I hospitals?\nAnswer: Crude and adjusted rates of labor induction and PCD vary among level I hospitals, but with no consistent effect on neonatal outcome.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c6f449a09ca845b4ac7e3effcfcacf9b", "input": "Question: Do plasma total homocysteine and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C > T polymorphism contribute to the distribution of cervico-cerebral atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke patients?\nAnswer: Plasma tHcyt level and the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism do not contribute to the distribution of cervico-cerebral atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-630025059d354ef89f0e6238874cd856", "input": "Question: Does endoscopic ultrasound accurately stage early adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia of the esophagus?\nAnswer: EUS is not sufficiently accurate in determining the T-stage of high-grade dysplasias or superficial adenocarcinomas; other means of staging, such as EMR, should be used.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d377f49fc845449783ed1fef58d19ee3", "input": "Question: Are all trauma surgeons created equal : asymmetric distribution of malpractice claims risk?\nAnswer: TS are at increased risk of UPCs compared with NTS, but this risk is still largely borne by a minority of TS. UPCs seem to be a reasonable proxy for malpractice risk, so targeted interventions for TS associated with disproportionate shares of UPCs may reduce patient dissatisfaction and, perhaps, malpractice claims.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a085dd6312dd477facc30764b0cceb79", "input": "Question: Are glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) receptors overexpressed in pancreatic islets from patients with severe hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia following gastric bypass?\nAnswer: In contrast to insulinoma, hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass surgery is not accompanied by overexpression of GLP-1 receptor in individual islets. Thus, patients with post-gastric bypass hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia are not candidates for GLP-1 receptor imaging in vivo using radiolabelled exendin. These GLP-1 receptor data support the notion that the islet pathobiology of post-gastric bypass hypoglycaemia is distinctly different from that of benign insulinomas.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-213de433bef748659e7d89b3e633deae", "input": "Question: Does sevoflurane alter norepinephrine-induced intracellular Ca\u00b2 ( + ) changes in the diabetic rat aorta?\nAnswer: Sevoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations inhibited the NE-induced increase in [Ca\u00b2(+)](i) in the aortic smooth muscle from normal rats but not in that from type 2 DM rats. Thus, a Ca\u00b2(+)- signalling pathway resistant to sevoflurane appears to exist in the type 2 DM rat aorta.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f7846fcf7a5547b3baa2517256eb73a5", "input": "Question: Does the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype affect tuberculosis treatment failure in Vietnam?\nAnswer: The Beijing genotype was not associated with treatment failure in Vietnam; apparent associations were explained by the strong association of this genotype with multidrug resistance. Amplification of resistance in this patient population was rare.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-faf86bd10d5d4618abf11216e16be3d6", "input": "Question: Is microalbuminuria a valuable marker for relapse in Crohn 's disease?\nAnswer: Microalbuminuria was moderately prevalent in quiescent CD patients, but it could not be associated with disease characteristics or the type of medication before randomization, nor as a predictor for relapses.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8afe307cd9734b04863bbb440b786379", "input": "Question: Is exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals during pregnancy associated with offspring age at menarche in a contemporary British cohort?\nAnswer: ALSPAC study participants had nearly ubiquitous exposure to most PFCs examined, but PFC exposure did not appear to be associated with altered age at menarche of their offspring.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f75217fdacdf41debfd3b5ce2db04b6d", "input": "Question: Does crohn 's disease activity index correlate with endoscopic recurrence one year after ileocolonic resection?\nAnswer: The CDAI shows poor agreement with endoscopic recurrence 1 year after intestinal resection. Endoscopic recurrence should be the primary endpoint of future postoperative studies and ileocolonoscopy the gold standard test to detect postoperative recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6aa1aac188904735a53624737a48cf48", "input": "Question: Does eltrombopag ( 75 mg ) induce photosensitivity : results of a clinical pharmacology trial?\nAnswer: Repeat dosing of eltrombopag 75 mg q.i.d. for 6 days in healthy men and women did not induce photosensitivity at any wavelength tested (UVA, ultraviolet B) in this study. Eltrombopag is well tolerated and does not induce photosensitivity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b6b8b62b200545d1af7a86b9cd45d404", "input": "Question: Are glucocorticoid receptor gene haplotypes associated with birth anthropometry , blood pressure , glucose and insulin concentrations , and body composition in subjects born small for gestational age?\nAnswer: GR haplotypes and their effect on GC sensitivity do not seem to play a significant role in GH-induced catch-up growth and the risk factors of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life of SGA children.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8fe32fe0e7944c84bc3b2f041e30865b", "input": "Question: Is a fulminant colitis index greater or equal to 8 predictive of colectomy risk in infliximab-treated moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis attacks?\nAnswer: In patients treated with infliximab for moderate-to-severe UC attacks, the FCI is not a predictor of colectomy. In such patients, the factors predictive of a response to treatment or likelihood of colectomy, currently acknowledged with corticosteroid treatment, need to be further assessed for infliximab treatment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-009c4276dbaf462796cfb77f40e05cad", "input": "Question: Do anti-oxidants prevent bile acid-induced cell death in rat hepatocytes?\nAnswer: In hepatocytes, bile acid-induced toxicity is not prevented by scavengers of oxidative stress. The beneficial effects observed in patients might be because of the contribution of ROS and cytokines rather than bile acid-mediated oxidative stress. However, the use of specific Src kinase inhibitors might be a useful tool to prevent bile acid-induced injury in liver diseases.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b97b700042944e4aad395c3d37cbcfa3", "input": "Question: Is disruption of reducing pathways essential for efficient disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm of E. coli?\nAnswer: Our results refute the current paradigm in the field that disruption of at least one of the reducing pathways is essential for the efficient production of disulfide bond containing proteins in the cytoplasm of E. coli and open up new possibilities for the use of E. coli as a microbial cell factory.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bb5ed34c673940538cbfebe43795f148", "input": "Question: Does micafungin influence the concentration of tacrolimus in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?\nAnswer: We conclude that there is no drug interaction between tacrolimus and concomitantly administered micafungin in stem cell transplantation recipients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9555091a7f524d5b9729119f9fa035fa", "input": "Question: Do anti-C1q autoantibodies correlate with the occurrence or severity of experimental lupus nephritis?\nAnswer: The absence of a correlation between the presence of anti-C1q and the occurrence of experimental lupus nephritis contradicts the hypothesis that anti-C1q are pathogenic. However, different pathogenic mechanisms of experimental lupus nephritis and human proliferative lupus nephritis cannot be excluded.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a98fd3e568bb495c9cc1daf4a622e77a", "input": "Question: Does prophylactic pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm negatively impact quality of life : a preliminary study?\nAnswer: Prophylactic surgery does not reduce quality of life, and a protocol of surveillance does not appear to generate undue anxiety in this select patient group. Further investigation with more patients is required to validate these findings.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ce8cb3e116c440e4a33e90c7b12a0fb3", "input": "Question: Do pre-existing chiasma syndromes entirely remit following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas?\nAnswer: In this unselected patient series, the vision (VA as well as VF) of patients with preoperative CS did not improved postoperatively to the degree of the vision of patients without preoperative CS. Thus, in patients with adenomatous chiasma compression transsphenoidal surgery may be indicated before CS develops.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-26d5e70fd1ba4caa900d25b9dceac96c", "input": "Question: Does prophylactic use of aspirin induce anaemia among adults?\nAnswer: The results may help in minimizing concerns about the development of anaemia among patients on aspirin. They highlight the importance of age, gender, smoking and ulcer medication in determining the incidence of anaemia among those patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-941611a4d59e44c3baaf0d3182582511", "input": "Question: Does the external Ballard examination accurately assess the gestational age of infants born at home in a rural community of The Gambia?\nAnswer: In this rural, community-born population of infants, postnatal assessment of gestational age by external Ballard examination performed poorly compared with ultrasound and last menstrual period. No reliable gestational age could be derived from its estimate and it failed to detect a significant proportion of high-risk infants. The development of an accurate but simple method of postnatally assessing gestational age specifically for use by health workers in rural Africa is required.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bf7d32bc63c44daa9d45ad8c11854f6b", "input": "Question: Do helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene-A antibodies predict complications or death in type 2 diabetes : the Fremantle Diabetes Study?\nAnswer: CagA seropositivity is not a risk factor for chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Assay of CagA antibodies does not contribute significantly to clinical management outside gastroenterological indications.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c67746bc9b944b4aa7046ff76429c7fa", "input": "Question: Are gSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletions associated with hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drugs?\nAnswer: Hundred and fifty-one subjects (51 cases, 100 controls) were enrolled. Odds ratio for GSTM1 null genotype was 1.00 (95% CI 0.51-1.97) and GSTT1 null was 2.02 (95% CI 0.39-10.39), respectively, showing that these genotypes are not associated with hepatotoxicity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e1b85591a6e74b42b1561c5ce11ea21b", "input": "Question: Do demographic factors and the presence of comorbidities promote early detection of Cushing 's disease and acromegaly?\nAnswer: Apparently, patient-related factors do not affect the time-to-diagnosis interval, but rather the change of the primary health care provider. Knowledge of the disease among physicians is prerequisite to early detection. Due to the deleterious sequelae of delayed diagnosis, information programmes in the medical community are of paramount importance. Institution of screening programmes should be evaluated.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0464a102835c4668a484e2f19371b7d1", "input": "Question: Are depressive and manic symptoms opposite poles in bipolar disorder?\nAnswer: The data suggest that depressive and manic symptoms are not opposite poles. Rather depressive and manic symptoms appear to fluctuate relatively independently within bipolar disorder.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ebea01ad7573439888b1b225a90fa0b7", "input": "Question: Does cNS infection in childhood confer risk for later schizophrenia : a case-control study?\nAnswer: Overall there was no significant association between childhood CNS infection and schizophrenia. These data do not support the presence of an infectious etiology of schizophrenia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4c619ee801964f3681fb2a8c197a9424", "input": "Question: Are the visual analog scale and a five-item verbal rating scale interchangeable for back pain assessment in lumbar spine disorders?\nAnswer: The order-consistency level was low with overlapping of pain records between the 2 scales, indicating that VAS and VRS are not interchangeable and, therefore, a results obtained with the use of each scale cannot be compared.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9cdb8189fe19429fab07300c54829c36", "input": "Question: Do abdominal compressions achieve similar survival rates compared with chest compressions : an experimental study?\nAnswer: Abdominal compression CPR does not improve survival and neurologic outcome in this swine model of cardiac arrest and CPR.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2ad6ed9e8eec43a6b06239b423346f85", "input": "Question: Does advanced airway management improve outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?\nAnswer: In this cohort, when compared to BVM ventilation, advanced airway methods were associated with decreased survival to hospital discharge among adult nontraumatic OOHCA patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9efaee1e0caf417a9ce60070c39fd386", "input": "Question: Is c4d staining in post-reperfusion renal biopsy useful for the early detection of antibody-mediated rejection when CDC crossmatching is negative?\nAnswer: These data show that C4d staining in 1-h Bx is, in general, not useful for the early detection of AMR when CDC-XM is negative.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-15133c79f27a498e848fd47eb37caf86", "input": "Question: Does hypofractionation increase radiation pneumonitis risk with modern conformal radiation delivery techniques?\nAnswer: Modern highly conformal dose distributions are radiobiologically more forgiving with respect to hypofractionation, even for a normal tissue endpoint where \u03b1/\u03b2 is lower than for the tumor in question.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e59e5de99198487ab4fd0d51003dddc4", "input": "Question: 's it over when it 's over : long-term symptoms in cancer survivors -- a systematic review?\nAnswer: Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence, cancer survivors can experience symptoms for more than 10 years following treatment. These symptoms were present in survivors of all four cancer types who underwent a wide variety of treatment. The results indicate that these symptoms should be evaluated and managed to optimize long-term outcomes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0a668c35cbb24a70be4f1f82791a82ff", "input": "Question: Is brain natriuretic peptide reno-protective during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat?\nAnswer: BNP does not reduce the renal injury biomarker, urinary NGAL, or preserve GFR in acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ea81c73512a745689232419e8342e3c3", "input": "Question: Does zero on the NIHSS equal the absence of stroke?\nAnswer: Ischemic stroke may cause symptoms that are associated with no deficits on the NIHSS score.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6c0885d1e46d4f2d9ca8a40fcfc94891", "input": "Question: Does a specific binding site for the prorenin propart peptide Arg10-Arg20 occur on human endothelial cells?\nAnswer: The binding of the human prorenin peptide R\u00b9\u2070IFLKRMPSIR\u00b2\u2070 to HUVEC proteins is not specific for amino acid sequence and probably involves a general peptide/protein uptake mechanism. We could not detect a specific prorenin propart binding site in these cells.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7fefeb88c8b54e5aa657d34a5a35ad52", "input": "Question: Are nitric oxide production in burns : plasma nitrate levels increased in patients with minor thermal injuries?\nAnswer: For patients who sustain minor burns, plasma levels of nitrate decrease from those of mean normal controls with time unless there is multiple organ dysfunction or the patient receives extraneous nitrate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-45f6c5148ce7470da04fef28c1061fd3", "input": "Question: Is p53 overexpression an independent prognostic factor for patients with primary ovarian epithelial cancer?\nAnswer: p53 overexpression is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with primary ovarian epithelial cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bb654edc97e847c1b34c36e73db27f05", "input": "Question: Does pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate restore hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in ovine sepsis?\nAnswer: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is blunted during sepsis and there is no adaptation over time. It is not influenced by pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate. Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate reversed hypotension and, with the exception of an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, had no adverse effects on hemodynamics or oxygenation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-201a6c97e7d14c2885068b3bd06eb064", "input": "Question: Does cryosurgical ablation of the normal ventral prostate plus adjuvant protect Copenhagen rats from Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma challenge?\nAnswer: Cryosurgical ablation of the normal rat ventral prostate and intraprostatic CFA does not protect against and can enhance the tumorigenicity of MatLyLu prostatic cancer cells at distant sites. This could be occurring through specific immunologic effects or non-specific mechanisms induced by cryosurgery and CFA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2e0ba13f655a4e3b9aacd5a4fe374ef1", "input": "Question: Are elevated levels of serum lipoprotein ( a ) and apolipoprotein ( a ) phenotype related to pre-eclampsia?\nAnswer: Lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype do not contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-97f075ec544540b2b88037841719b222", "input": "Question: Is previous coronary artery bypass grafting a risk factor for aortic valve replacement?\nAnswer: The risk of AVR after previous CABG is similar to that for primary AVR+CABG. Valve replacement should, therefore, be pursued despite prior CABG when hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis develops. Furthermore, a circumspect approach to \"prophylactic\" AVR for mild aortic stenosis at primary CABG seems warranted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-91e096ace45f46c98e59793e2152fca9", "input": "Question: Does mode of chemotherapy affect complications with an implantable venous access device?\nAnswer: Complications attributable to an implantable venous access device were infrequent in this patient population. No differences in complications for patients receiving home-based versus hospital-based chemotherapy administration were noted, opening the possibility of significant time and cost savings with home treatment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-42493494be33463892bb5c88ca68631f", "input": "Question: Does opioid sedation alter intracranial pressure in head injured patients?\nAnswer: The study suggests that when opioids are titrated in head-injured patients, worsening intracranial pressure can be avoided.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1798a6b2e228467f9ffeb11edaa363d1", "input": "Question: Is bradykinin-induced venodilation different in blacks?\nAnswer: Diminished vasodilatory response to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) does not seem to be associated with the increased prevalence of hypertension in blacks.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f63af7c2371d4a918588cf2ef2c425f7", "input": "Question: Is intestinal metaplasia a strong risk factor for bladder cancer : study of 53 cases with long-term follow-up?\nAnswer: Intestinal metaplasia of the urinary bladder is not a strong risk factor for adenocarcinoma or urothelial cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0e1e25b447554c5dbde74b30b7b9c70b", "input": "Question: Does presence of psoriasis influence the presentation or short-term outcome of patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis?\nAnswer: Among patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis there are few strong differences between patients with and without psoriasis, some of which may be accounted for by the absence of RF.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-07687699eabe43fea24a42626874fd13", "input": "Question: Does sympathetic blockade enhance tissue warming during isolated heated limb perfusion?\nAnswer: Sympathetic blockade prevents adrenergic vasoconstriction, but also inhibits active, neurally mediated cutaneous vasodilation (a normal thermoregulatory response to heat). In slightly hyperthermic patients, we demonstrated that spinal anesthesia does not improve convective tissue warming during isolated, heated limb perfusion. Mild systemic hyperthermia may promote greater vasodilation than sympathetic blockade.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9ef270eac4ca4bde923284adc491cb66", "input": "Question: Does enalapril enhance exercise capacity in patients after Fontan procedure?\nAnswer: We conclude that enalapril administration for 10 weeks does not alter abnormal systemic vascular resistance, resting cardiac index, diastolic function, or exercise capacity in patients who have undergone a Fontan procedure.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8b6c928cf33b4db393de00105c0c0656", "input": "Question: Does tacrine alter the potency of succinylcholine in the rat?\nAnswer: Chronic oral tacrine does not alter muscle response to succinylcholine in the rat. This may not apply to Alzheimer patients receiving chronic tacrine since the interaction between acute tacrine and succinylcholine in the rat differs from that in humans.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f4e83bdfb55b440c9d1a8355ca83aad4", "input": "Question: Is postoperative intravenous drip infusion required after minilaparotomy cholecystectomy?\nAnswer: There is no clinical indication to continue IV drip infusion after full recovery from anaesthesia in patients operated for minilaparotomy cholecystectomy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cddf522a442b4cd68815c833dad61f43", "input": "Question: Does pregnancy increase susceptibility to bupivacaine in spinal root axons?\nAnswer: In contrast to clinical expectations, the susceptibility to bupivacaine conduction block in individual dorsal and ventral root axons during late pregnancy in rats was not greater in pregnant animals. Pregnancy-related changes in diffusion barriers and activation of endogenous analgesic systems without changes in the electrophysiologic properties of spinal root axons are suggested as possible explanations for the discrepancy between clinical and experimental observations.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0755075bb515459dacb565ae0371909d", "input": "Question: Does milk fat affect the symptoms of lactose intolerance?\nAnswer: Even a marked difference in the fat content of milk did not affect the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Consequently, there seems to be no case for recommending full-fat milk products in the treatment of lactose intolerance.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3426aaa1434348cfbebd33026627f42b", "input": "Question: Does bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in the rat influence pulmonary vascular responsiveness in vitro?\nAnswer: Despite evidence for the loss of endothelial integrity that characterizes lung injury after intratracheal bleomycin, isolated pulmonary artery rings in vitro showed no loss of endothelial cell function. The role of the endothelium in modulating pulmonary ventilation/perfusion matching after lung injury is unclear.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d8d9d4f18c8943a7b365c24c5e1a60a2", "input": "Question: Does m-BCR breakpoint location predict survival in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia?\nAnswer: The site of the breakpoint within the M-BCR has no prognostic significance in our series.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8425fc80f0c84157bfa9c9c1eb936aa9", "input": "Question: Does liver cirrhosis in Fontan patients affect 1-year post-heart transplant mortality or markers of liver function?\nAnswer: Most patients evaluated for HT had abnormal liver findings by CT, with cirrhosis in 41%. One-year mortality and serial liver evaluation were similar between groups after HT. Liver cirrhosis identified by CT imaging may not be an absolute contraindication to HT alone in this population.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b6d8a74d115942a982b5fc69a26f5ac2", "input": "Question: Does degenerative spondylolisthesis affect the outcome of unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in patients with lumbar stenosis?\nAnswer: Our study thus indicates that preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis does not worsen the outcome of patients with lumbar stenosis undergoing unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression. These results suggest that lumbar fusion is often unnecessary in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis if the posterior decompression technique is unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-62d85d453913432cb4e4a98ad705912f", "input": "Question: Is use of biomass fuel in households a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in South Ethiopia?\nAnswer: We found no evidence of an association between the use of biomass fuel and TB. Low statistical power due to the selection of neighbourhood controls might have contributed to this negative finding. We would advise that future protocols should not use neighbourhood controls and that they should include measurements of indoor air pollution and of exposure duration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e6d8cc6ec3b249c98e384efad969ea02", "input": "Question: Does laryngeal mask airway reduce postoperative nasal bleeding outside the operation room after intranasal surgery?\nAnswer: The LMA does not alleviate nasal bleeding conditions and even increases the demands of medical service outside the OR after intranasal surgery, although it reduces epistaxis during extubation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e9370976534943e7bd485d1212bdebe4", "input": "Question: Does fDG uptake heterogeneity in FIGO IIb cervical carcinoma predict pelvic lymph node involvement?\nAnswer: FDG uptake heterogeneity did not indicate patients with differing prognoses. Apparent heterogeneity differences between clinical groups may be an artifact arising from either the dependence of some image metrics upon other factors such as tumor volume or upon the underlying variations in the patient populations compared.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-01fa4338cd8248a29a4992158cd8b654", "input": "Question: Does oral contraception alter typical post-exercise interleukin-6 and hepcidin levels in females?\nAnswer: These findings suggest that exercise performed during the different phases (D-0 vs. D+7) of a monophasic OCP regulated cycle does not alter exercise induced IL-6 or hepcidin production. As such, future studies looking to investigate similar variables post-exercise, may not need to 'control' for different phases of the OCC, provided participants are current monophasic OCP users.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3c2cb4af679945938f761996adce73cf", "input": "Question: Does nSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema evolve into chronic urticaria : a 12-year follow-up study?\nAnswer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced urticaria/angioedema does not seem to precede the onset of CU over the medium term. Further research including a longer follow-up is necessary to verify this observation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-80140762b4094027878e6f5ea27ccf5e", "input": "Question: Is intraocular pressure associated with acute mountain sickness?\nAnswer: IOP measured at high altitude is not associated with the diagnosis of AMS. Other approaches to diagnose AMS easily and accurately are needed.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b5c3730ed0a749639b455da86b45549c", "input": "Question: Do perioperative doses of ondansetron or dolasetron lengthen the QT interval?\nAnswer: The average QTc prolongation from baseline was only 6%. Perioperative use of ondansetron or dolasetron was not associated with extended QT prolongation, and these results did not vary by diabetic status. Perioperative use of 5HT3R antagonists does not produce potentially dangerous perioperative electrocardiographic changes and does not seem to warrant a drug safety warning from the Food and Drug Administration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7b273a922a6649a39e59852585d0e68d", "input": "Question: Are anterior and posterior cervical fusion in patients with high body mass index associated with greater complications?\nAnswer: High BMI, regardless of obesity class, does not appear to be associated with increased complications after cervical fusion in the 30-day postoperative period.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3e1faec10e6b4ca4b651750729f7ff35", "input": "Question: Is candy consumption in childhood predictive of weight , adiposity measures or cardiovascular risk factors in young adults : the Bogalusa Heart Study?\nAnswer: The consumption of nutrient rich foods consistent with dietary recommendations is important, although modest amounts of candy can be added to the diet without potential adverse long-term consequences to weight or CVRF. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1c8e5a2481414e31afda74e251a4c19b", "input": "Question: Do bRCA mutation carriers have compromised ovarian reserve?\nAnswer: The AMH levels of healthy BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are similar to those of noncarrier women matched for age; therefore, their ovarian reserve is comparable. This is the only study, to the best of our knowledge, that directly examines ovarian reserve in a relatively large group of carriers with an accurate marker. The results of this study may possibly give reassurance to female carriers concerning fertility potential.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-72cd69bedab4411b85ce372b2543cc0c", "input": "Question: Does iL-31 induce normal human ciliated epithelial cells to differentiate into a phenotype consistent with the pathophysiology of asthma?\nAnswer: IL-31RA receptor is present on well-differentiated paediatric bronchial epithelial cells. IL-31 does not exhibit any detrimental effects on mucociliary differentiation. IL-31 does not appear to have a synergistic effect when combined in culture with IL-13, in the differentiation process.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-27705ab3f59b4dca9508468db875424b", "input": "Question: Do lipid-based nutrient supplements decrease breast milk intake of Malawian infants?\nAnswer: In this rural Malawian population, breast milk intake at 9-10 mo of age was not reduced by supplementation with complementary foods with 10-40 g LNS/d.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e8e4e4e8b8394c8f83dd29fd366a14d0", "input": "Question: Is statin use associated with reduced risk of skin cancer : a meta-analysis?\nAnswer: Our meta-analysis does not support a potential role of statin use in the prevention of skin cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d0490240707a4d9892114ff8f9d0d204", "input": "Question: Are hot flashes predictive for serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites?\nAnswer: No univariate associations were observed between concentrations of active tamoxifen metabolites and either the frequency or severity of hot flashes during treatment. However, the frequency of hot flashes may be exacerbated by higher serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites in post-menopausal women with a history of hot flashes prior to tamoxifen treatment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8af524b95197499abcd64dc3bb736adc", "input": "Question: Does increased expression of the adult stem cell marker Musashi-1 in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis correlate with serum estradiol and progesterone levels?\nAnswer: Aberrant Musashi-1 expression in adenomyosis may be involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, but it does not correlate with changes in serum estradiol or progesterone levels.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-47ae27c636a1462aa2dc4f3c08761dfd", "input": "Question: Does exogenous Sonic hedgehog protein rescue cultured intestine from atresia formation?\nAnswer: Shh and Foxf1 expression are disrupted in atresia formation of distal colon, thereby serving as potential markers of atretic events. Application of exogenous SHH (in media supplement or as a point source bead) is sufficient to induce Foxf1 expression, but insufficient to rescue development of distal colonic mesoderm in Fgfr2IIIb(-/-) mutant embryos. Shh signal disruption is not the critical mechanism by which loss of Fgfr2IIIb function results in atresia formation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-92cc1c68c9974fc78cb8da9ac40bea2f", "input": "Question: Is mannose-binding lectin deficiency associated with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in Korean Crohn 's disease patients?\nAnswer: MBL concentration is not associated with clinical features of CD patients or ASCA positivity. ASCA positivity is associated with a severe clinical course in Korean CD patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2119ccd3ef934767954854264f1c5629", "input": "Question: Does non-closure of peritoneum after abdominal hysterectomy for uterine carcinoma increase late intestinal radiation morbidity?\nAnswer: Non-closure of the visceral peritoneum after hysterectomy for uterine corpus carcinoma does not increase the volume of the small intestine within the irradiated volume, with no consequent intestinal morbidity enhancement.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-393e3a68b1314498887120885527ba1c", "input": "Question: Do fungal gene expression levels display a common mode of distribution?\nAnswer: Fungal gene expression patterns cannot generally be described by a single type of distribution (bimodal or Zipf's law). One hypothesis to explain this finding might be that gene expression in fungi is highly dynamic, and fine-tuned at the level of transcription not only for individual genes, but also at a global level.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1d003c47a0b14dc7b3903ee0860e055f", "input": "Question: Are sex differences in neuromuscular recruitment related to patellar tendon load?\nAnswer: Although male and female volleyball players displayed significantly different muscle onset times, these patterns were not strongly related to patellar tendon loading at landing. It is likely that a multitude of factors, including the frequency of patellar tendon loading, more strongly contributes to developing patellar tendinopathy than neuromuscular recruitment patterns in isolation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-83b6eff352e8430690082c95ef95bbc4", "input": "Question: Is perioperative breast MRI associated with lower locoregional recurrence rates in DCIS patients treated with or without radiation?\nAnswer: We observed no association between perioperative MRI and lower LRR or CBC rates in patients with DCIS, with or without RT. In the absence of evidence that MRI improves outcomes, the routine perioperative use of MRI for DCIS should be questioned.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4a73e0ebdfb1447fad5badcc640d0fb8", "input": "Question: Does the pneumatic tube system affect complete blood count results ; a validation study at a tertiary care hospital?\nAnswer: Modern PTS can be safely used for transporting CBC samples.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-654d435b8141417b8754f081c7e1ec97", "input": "Question: Is preoperative radiation for retroperitoneal sarcoma associated with increased early postoperative morbidity?\nAnswer: In a national cohort of RPS patients, PR is infrequently utilized. Despite the increased prevalence of multiple risk factors, PR patients do not have an increased 30-day postoperative M\u2009+\u2009M.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-11fb3182066444418cd845e5595ec1b2", "input": "Question: Does routine intraoperative hepatic sonography affect staging or postsurgical hepatic recurrence in pancreatic adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer: Routine intraoperative sonography of the liver does not affect staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It may be useful for evaluating equivocal lesions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-36f70e565d59470e918994c20d804d0c", "input": "Question: Does homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance seem to predict response to telaprevir in chronic hepatitis C in the REALIZE trial?\nAnswer: In patients with prior PR treatment failure, baseline HOMA-IR correlated with SVR in univariate but not multivariate analyses, suggesting other factors have a more direct causal relationship with virologic response to TVR-based therapy than HOMA-IR.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-25bec68b1f3a49b1845836fb4fc3d34e", "input": "Question: Do airway and vascular maturation stimulated by tracheal occlusion correlate in the rabbit model of diaphragmatic hernia?\nAnswer: Airway and vascular maturation after TO appear to be uncorrelated effects. TO could trigger several pathways that separately regulate airway and vascular responses.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8837b53625164c5cb673f89b8e82fafa", "input": "Question: Does drainage promote post-operative rehabilitation after bilateral total knee arthroplasties compared with nondrainage?\nAnswer: Suction drainage in TKA does not exhibit substantial advantages in promoting post-operative rehabilitation after unsophisticated TKA, compared with nondrainage. On the other hand, it might complicate the surgical operation, and increase the incidence of post-operative hemorrhage and retrograde infection. Thus we do not recommend suction drainage in unsophisticated TKA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6bf93a61979c4cbd9dda475e6675b3dd", "input": "Question: Does biomarker Profile Predict Weight Loss Success in Successful and Unsuccessful Diet-Reduced Obese Individuals : a Prospective Study?\nAnswer: Successful weight loss was associated with changes in adiposity (less fat mass) and unfavorable hunger signals. No baseline biomarker profile was associated with weight loss success. Behavioral factors may have outweighed physiological signals for determining successful weight loss. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00429650.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-55665d644d8e48478b64d4201d0f86c2", "input": "Question: Does continuous infusion of octreotide combined with perioperative octreotide bolus prevent intraoperative carcinoid crisis?\nAnswer: Octreotide infusions do not prevent intraoperative crises. Patients without liver metastases or carcinoid syndrome can have intraoperative crises. Postoperative complications can be decreased by reducing the duration of crises. Further study is needed to determine how best to shorten hemodynamic instability during crises.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-383cd33f9bca4cabb58f0f5de1bbd718", "input": "Question: Does cu ( II ) complexation affect oxytocin action on pregnant human myometrium in vitro?\nAnswer: The binding of Cu(2+) ions does not abolish the ability of OXT to interact with oxytocin receptors and stimulate myometrial contraction in vitro.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7591d7c1358d4599aded78a5b541264a", "input": "Question: Does timing of Emergency Medicine Student Evaluation Affect Scoring?\nAnswer: The evaluation score was not affected by timing of the evaluation. Variance in scores was similar for both immediate and delayed evaluations. Considerable amounts of time and energy are expended tracking down delayed evaluations. This activity does not impact a student's final grade.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2c0ea175a3f14a7fa09bff331cf76ce3", "input": "Question: Does fructose Coingestion Accelerate Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Repletion?\nAnswer: Combined ingestion of glucose plus fructose does not further accelerate postexercise muscle glycogen repletion in trained cyclists when ample carbohydrate is ingested. Combined ingestion of glucose (polymers) plus fructose or sucrose reduces gastrointestinal complaints when ingesting large amounts of carbohydrate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4b72ca1b0db5423d95ff33b81d6fa872", "input": "Question: Does short-term oxycodone treatment affect electrogenic ion transport in isolated mucosa from the human rectosigmoid colon?\nAnswer: Compared to placebo, epithelial electrogenic ion transport is not altered in mucosal biopsies from the rectosigmoid colon following 5-d oxycodone treatment. The secretory mechanisms in isolated mucosa appear to play a negligible role in the development of opioid-induced constipation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-31497ac26afb4313adfc08d4e3b73c78", "input": "Question: Does use of proton pump inhibitors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation increase the frequency of febrile neutropenia?\nAnswer: Our study revealed that PPI use does not appear to be a risk factor for FNE or bacterial culture positivity for HSCT patients but further studies are needed.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cbec762cfb7e44a9bf5298d930d84dde", "input": "Question: Does sense of coherence moderate the relationship between the perceived impact of stress on health and self-rated health in adults with congenital heart disease?\nAnswer: Our findings support the need for further research on the perceived impact of stress on health. Such insights can be valuable for developing interventions aimed at reducing the negative health consequences of stress in patients with congenital heart disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ee7f9af5d4c0471292a6a77bee2d88a9", "input": "Question: Are high T3 , Low T4 Serum Levels in Mct8 Deficiency Caused by Increased Hepatic Conversion through Type I Deiodinase?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that although hepatic Dio1 activity is increased in Mct8-deficient mice, it does not cause the observed abnormal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Since global inactivation of Dio1 in Mct8-deficient mice does normalize circulating thyroid hormone levels, the underlying mechanism and relevant tissues involved remain to be elucidated.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8379c1e425de47df91257a74110bf652", "input": "Question: Is postinduction positron emission tomography assessment of N2 nodes associated with ypN2 disease or overall survival in stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: Postinduction PET avidity for N2 nodes is not associated with ypN2 disease, overall survival, or disease-free survival in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for stage IIIA/pN2 disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c2a429738cd043dda9e0462d32e8ba0d", "input": "Question: Do large Volumes of Critically Hypoperfused Penumbral Tissue Preclude Good Outcomes After Complete Endovascular Reperfusion : Redefining Malignant Profile?\nAnswer: In the setting of limited baseline ischemic cores, large Tmax>10 s lesions on computed tomographic perfusion do not seem to be associated with a higher risk of parenchymal hematomas and do not preclude good outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion with contemporary technology.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d93c7e847df24f22b5bdddcf49ce8e66", "input": "Question: Does web-Based Behavioral Intervention Increases Maternal Exercise but Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Previously Sedentary Women?\nAnswer: Sedentary pregnant women should increase PA but may need additional dietary counseling to prevent excessive GWG.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4197b9ad7bc04c94825595ede6cd9680", "input": "Question: Is fiberoptic monitoring of central venous oxygen saturation ( PediaSat ) in small children undergoing cardiac surgery : continuous continuous?\nAnswer: \u00a0PediaSat catheters showed unreliable performance in our cohort. It should be further investigated whether repeating calibrations every 8 hours may improve the accuracy of this system. CNIRS may provide similar results with a lower invasiveness.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e02a0ccf0b7345a7b46c8c4c8f7d689a", "input": "Question: Are serotonin 7 Receptor Variants Associated with Response to Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Japanese Schizophrenia Patients?\nAnswer: Our results show that HTR7 variants are not related to the overall improvement in schizophrenia symptoms.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7ef914fb1bf744fdbcff814df82fc50d", "input": "Question: Does predebridement wound culture in open fractures predict postoperative wound infection : A pilot study?\nAnswer: The findings of this study suggest that the initial flora are not the infecting organisms in the open fracture wounds, and predebridement wound cultures have no value in predicting postdebridement wound infection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fd206239a8d74bc7a76e05655eeebf75", "input": "Question: Do concentrated polymer brushes induce the expression of inflammatory and angiogeneic genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells?\nAnswer: Micro-patterned CPBs, irrespective of chemical structure or adhesion area, do not induce the expression of important pro-inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in endothelial cells.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8d053e2e3c1b4a128cac7203fad70ab8", "input": "Question: Are health care workers in Pearl River Delta Area of China vaccinated adequately against hepatitis B : a retrospective cohort study?\nAnswer: The vaccination rate was a disappointingly low among HCWs in Pearl River Delta Area of China. HCWs working in infectious diseases departments and technicians were at particularly likely to have been infected with HBV. A concerted effort is needed to bring vaccination rates up among Chinese HCWs in Pearl River Delta Area of southern China.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-92e73614db25426492a172cd771aa681", "input": "Question: Is vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ) worse than in youth without diabetes?\nAnswer: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is present in a substantial proportion of youth with diabetes, particularly minorities, but the prevalence appears similar to that in youth without diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine whether youth with diabetes would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c1a3ddd3f3cc4226b0ee050022d85278", "input": "Question: Does cryopreservation of equine mesenchymal stem cells in 95 % autologous serum and 5 % DMSO alter post-thaw growth or morphology in vitro compared to fetal bovine serum or allogeneic serum at 20 or 95 % and DMSO at 10 or 5?\nAnswer: Each of the serum sources could be used for short-term cryopreservation of equine bone marrow derived MSCs. Prior to clinical use, clinicians may prefer autologous serum and a lower concentration of DMSO.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f7187bf1ddff41688c92e9b052eb77bf", "input": "Question: Is sickle cell trait associated with chronic kidney disease in adult Congolese patients : a clinic-based , cross-sectional study?\nAnswer: SCT was not an independent determinant of CKD in the present case series. Traditional risk factors emerged as the main determinants of CKD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6a6ddbc5401640f39e49e6648f978d93", "input": "Question: Does acute lumbosacral nerve stimulation affect anorectal motor function in a rodent model?\nAnswer: The absence of effect on the motor pathways of continence suggests that the mechanism of action is predominantly on sensory feedback mechanisms from the anorectum, thereby increasing cortical awareness of the pelvic floor.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-37f1ec1aae2e4446b85119356550f6cf", "input": "Question: Is the serum level of NX-DCP-R , but not DCP , increased in alcoholic liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer: NX-DCP-R, but not DCP, was not increased in alcoholics without HCC. As for negative screening for HCC, the specificity of the NX-DCP-R in alcoholics without HCC was better than that of DCP in alcoholics without HCC, and so could be a useful negative screening tool for HCC in millions of alcoholics worldwide.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2311827e93214d619430c6828657b4ef", "input": "Question: Is circadian variation in serum cortisol during hydrocortisone replacement attributable to changes in cortisol-binding globulin concentrations?\nAnswer: Circadian variation in serum cortisol during hydrocortisone replacement is not attributable to changes in cortisol-binding globulin concentration. Changes in serum cortisol levels may thus be explained by other factors including 11 \u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity or circadian changes in the binding properties of CBG.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ae6d0ccf33cd4ab3a8150f57c06e12bc", "input": "Question: Does extreme obesity predict poor cancer outcomes after surgery for renal cell cancer?\nAnswer: Extreme obesity is not associated with worse peri-operative or cancer outcomes after surgery for RCC. Surgery should remain a standard treatment option in well selected morbidly obese patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a63653ca19b14024873a1af5aaf88d93", "input": "Question: Does celiac Disease Influence Fracture Risk in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes?\nAnswer: Having a diagnosis of CD does not seem to influence fracture risk in young patients with T1D. Follow-up in this study was, however, too short to ascertain osteoporotic fractures which traditionally occur in old age.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c23d47f97c43497680f56d97e4cdd169", "input": "Question: Are lipid levels in HIV-positive men receiving anti-retroviral therapy associated with copy number variation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes?\nAnswer: Whole gene CNV is uncommon in RCT pathway genes, and not a major factor in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) associated dyslipidemia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9d1cdbdace0e438894a29f1206c78aea", "input": "Question: Are insomnia Symptoms Associated with Dyslipidemia : A Population-Based Study?\nAnswer: Insomnia symptoms were generally not associated with dyslipidemia, but receipt of sleeping pills in the setting of insomnia was associated with elevated LDL-C. Further research is needed to confirm a possible link between sleeping pill use and dyslipidemia and to delineate if an association with atherosclerosis exists with specific types of sleeping pills or with all sedative medications more broadly.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f92a99c316894092acbb26253a7bb486", "input": "Question: Do home medicines reviews in Australian war veterans taking warfarin influence international normalised ratio control?\nAnswer: INR was well-controlled in this elderly cohort, comparable to that achieved in recent randomised trials involving warfarin. Pharmacist-led medication reviews were not associated with a change in INR control.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4462de4941134c2788013886c00e4dd2", "input": "Question: Are single nucleotide polymorphisms in AGTR1 , TFAP2B , and TRAF1 associated with the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in Japanese preterm infants?\nAnswer: There were no significant associations between the studied SNP and the incidence of PDA in Japanese preterm infants. These SNP may not be clinically important predisposing factors for PDA in Japanese preterm infants.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c470317b528a47d398c3c0b1f2a1a887", "input": "Question: Does incorporating Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen or Omitting Level of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Affect Calculation of Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Without Cirrhosis?\nAnswer: Including data on serum level of HBsAg or removing data on level of HBV DNA do not alter the accuracy of the REACH-B scoring system in determining HCC risk in patients with chronic HBV infection without cirrhosis. It might be cost effective to replace the test for HBV DNA with assays to measure HBsAg in determining HCC risk. These modified scoring systems might replace the REACH-B system in specific situations.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d678de95d6fa4754b55d3ace450454c3", "input": "Question: Do nonselective \u03b2-blockers affect mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites : Post Hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials with 1198 patients?\nAnswer: This large and detailed data set on worldwide nonprotocol use of NSBBs in cirrhosis patients with ascites shows that NSBBs did not increase mortality; the decision to stop NSBB treatment in relation to stressful events may have added to the safety. (Hepatology 2016;63:1968-1976).", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cbadf63204c646439c6bea758682eb77", "input": "Question: Are serum Thyrotropin Concentrations Associated with the Ankle-Brachial Index : Results from Three Population-Based Studies?\nAnswer: The results of our study do not substantiate evidence for an association between thyroid function and PAD, but further studies are needed to investigate the associations of overt forms of thyroid dysfunction with PAD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-16cf887237664cd4b7bf6c1d566887ae", "input": "Question: Is gene expression during gonocyte transformation into spermatogonial stem cells androgen dependent?\nAnswer: These results show that androgen did not influence gene expression in postnatal mouse testis, which coincides with human 'minipuberty'. The results are consistent with gonocyte transformation being independent of androgens, and that nonandrogenic regulators need to be identified.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-69226dd25bff4932894c11a4fc2ce5bc", "input": "Question: Is bacteremia associated with central venous catheter infection an independent predictor of outcomes?\nAnswer: The presence of bloodstream infection in addition to catheter infection does not appear to alter outcomes. The definition of catheter infection perhaps should be extended to include catheter infections without bloodstream infection in the presence of systemic illness without another source.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-69cb1814179d404abaa4db1309ecd4f8", "input": "Question: Is association between severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer disease a spurious one attributable to apolipoprotein E4?\nAnswer: Severe CAA confers a greater risk of VLs in AD, even within strata of APOE genotype. Therefore, the association between severe CAA and VLs in AD is not a spurious one owing to APOE4. Overall, our cases of AD with APOE4 do not seem to be a more \"vasculopathic\" subtype of AD. The mechanisms by which CAA produces VLs of various types need to be further elucidated, as these are probably important in producing the common entity of \"mixed\" AD/vascular dementia. Arch Neurol. 2000.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b1fb7c5048f34cb6b86c70951b28398f", "input": "Question: Is zona pellucida binding improvement effect of different sperm preparation techniques related to changes in sperm motility characterizations?\nAnswer: The two biologic effects of binding capacity enhancement and motility features improvement are not related. Furthermore, because the binding assay is highly correlated with fertilization capacity, these alterations in motility, as evidenced by CASA, probably have a minor effect on fertilization in vitro.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ab9d87f7123d407ebd23d959b8ebbb29", "input": "Question: Is systemic T helper 2 cell activation sufficient for antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways?\nAnswer: Systemic Th2 responses are not sufficient for causing antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways and an undefined determinant(s) that exists in the BALB background mice rather than the H-2 haplotype is vital for the regulation of antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-074274db7e0e4b47b66917faeeca4234", "input": "Question: Do minimal precycle testing and ongoing cycle monitoring for in vitro fertilization and fresh pre-embryo transfer compromise fertilization , implantation , or ongoing pregnancy rates?\nAnswer: In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer can be accomplished with minimal precycle testing and ongoing cycle monitoring without compromising fertilization, implantation, and ongoing pregnancy rates. This results in reduced overall costs for couples.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e74f2ad91e19477bb75cf47623e902c8", "input": "Question: Does moderate controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside improve surgical conditions or decrease blood loss in endoscopic sinus surgery?\nAnswer: Intravenous anesthesia supplemented with N(2) is as effective as moderate controlled hypotension when blood loss, visibility in the surgical field, ACTH, AVP, and cortisol are examined.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c9a70a2f3fc847ca9a79bf9a72ba3ae6", "input": "Question: Is increased risk of breast cancer following irradiation for Hodgkin 's disease a result of ATM germline mutations?\nAnswer: The data suggest that truncating mutations in the ATM gene are not a major component underlying the increased risk of breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f198fdc374b144578887771ad8f5d427", "input": "Question: Is race an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in an equal access medical center?\nAnswer: In an equal access medical care facility, no differences were evident between black and white men in the preoperative clinical factors or the pathologic features of the RP specimens. In addition, no differences were observed in the PSA recurrence rates after RP. Serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score, younger age, surgical Gleason score, and lymph node involvement were all independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. Race was not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f4e43de016ff4d6c8afe56a8aa0a2855", "input": "Question: Do children with febrile seizures consume excess health care resources?\nAnswer: Children with febrile seizures have nearly identical rates of hospital and physician services utilization compared with controls. This supports the hypothesis that febrile seizures are benign, and that parents recover from their initial anxiety and do not consider their children vulnerable to additional illness in the years that follow.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4603ef6afbb042e49e48c96edd294ef9", "input": "Question: Is idiopathic slow-transit constipation associated with mutations of the RET proto-oncogene or GDNF?\nAnswer: Mutation of RET or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor is not a frequent cause of idiopathic slow-transit constipation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8c5b4e74a9c44d069b4d8da0d4ac0032", "input": "Question: Is pyrazinamide active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages?\nAnswer: PZA has neither bacteriostatic nor bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis persisting or multiplying in cultured monocyte-derived human macrophages, and it might be that the well-known effectiveness of this drug in tuberculosis patients is not related to its supposed activity against intracellular bacterial subpopulations.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c36a18dae34a4441861e3bb3cb65247b", "input": "Question: Is surgical intervention required for all patients with subclavian vein thrombosis?\nAnswer: Not all patients with primary axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis require surgical intervention. A period of observation while patients are receiving oral anticoagulation for at least 1 month allows the selection of patients who will do well with nonoperative therapy. Patients with persistent symptoms and venous obstruction should be offered thoracic outlet decompression. Chronic anticoagulation is not required in these patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bc069587bc03407bbd0746fe90461f64", "input": "Question: Does bile duct size predict success of portoenterostomy for biliary atresia?\nAnswer: Children presenting early in infancy (<3 months) with biliary atresia should undergo a portoenterostomy regardless of the size of the bile ducts at the time of exploration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-099a69d3cda14441a11953cc9aa87b11", "input": "Question: Does interpleural analgesia influence postthoracotomy pain?\nAnswer: The efficacy of interpleural analgesia to reduce postoperative pain intensity in patients after lateral thoracotomy is controversial. In this study, we demonstrated a lack of efficacy of interpleural analgesia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-dfe1a038e3144dcc89b0d5919784dfa8", "input": "Question: Do exclusively breastfed , low birthweight term infants need supplemental water?\nAnswer: We conclude that supplemental water is not required for exclusively breastfed, LBW term infants, even in hot conditions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c9359ad7c62c4f908d5a2084641024cd", "input": "Question: Does variation in the gene for human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma ) play a major role in the development of morbid obesity?\nAnswer: Variation in the PPARgamma gene is unlikely to play a major role in the development of morbid obesity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f761bce5a7904cbe85e01c3e96e66642", "input": "Question: Does neonatal pulmonary artery banding compromise the short-term function of a Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection?\nAnswer: This experience demonstrates that a neonatal pulmonary artery banding does not compromise the function neither of a Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection nor a Fontan repair.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b483d3e9c5954d63bf07b9a7d5f95ea5", "input": "Question: Does influenza vaccination promote cellular or humoral activation among heart transplant recipients?\nAnswer: Despite the small number of patients in the study, influenza vaccination did not induce undesirable side effects, such as graft rejection or allo-sensitization. Generation of a positive anti-vaccine response was lower among the transplant recipients than healthy volunteers (41% vs. 80%). Clinical efficacy of the vaccine among the responders was not evaluated.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d97a97aeee6c47d68d6721c14ec46bc4", "input": "Question: Is alloantigen-driven T cell death mediated by Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor-alpha essential for the induction of allograft acceptance?\nAnswer: These data indicate that: (1) FasL and TNFalpha expression are not obligatory for the induction of long-term allograft acceptance by CTLA4Ig and (2) FasL- and TNFalpha-independent death pathways contribute to alloantigen-driven T cell apoptosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-59825a91f7e04f1d8e67da14bb0e8506", "input": "Question: Is cardiac hypertrophy a required compensatory response to short-term pressure overload?\nAnswer: In this experimental setting, calcineurin blockade with CsA prevented LV hypertrophy due to pressure overload. TAB mice treated with CsA maintain normal LV size and systolic function.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c373810bcc934fee8380db2159d3452d", "input": "Question: Is interleukin 6 gene promoter polymorphism associated with ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnswer: Our results suggest the -174 IL-6 polymorphism does not play an important role in susceptibility to AS. Larger studies are needed to provide more conclusive evidence on the role of -174 IL-6 polymorphism in AS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-af5cdd91512a4a16b3f1dc0c5c001780", "input": "Question: Does quadruple tacrolimus-based induction therapy including azathioprine and ALG significantly improve outcome after liver transplantation when compared with standard induction with tacrolimus and steroids : results of a prospective , randomized trial?\nAnswer: The data from our single-center study indicate that both tacrolimus-based dual and quadruple immunosuppressive induction regimens yield similar safety and effectiveness after liver transplantation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cac6e9ef54ff4b0093e96f6c0937dc48", "input": "Question: Is overexpression of p53 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young patients with no known risk factors associated with mutations in exons 5-9?\nAnswer: These data suggest that the molecular mechanisms by which the young individuals with no risk factors had altered p53 function in oral squamous cell carcinoma may differ from those of the more typical population of individuals who have this malignancy develop.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f7fc0cf76d4445689782bc0415af6eeb", "input": "Question: Do modest doses of beta-glucan reduce concentrations of potentially atherogenic lipoproteins?\nAnswer: A low dosage of beta-glucan (3 g/d) did not significantly reduce total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol in volunteers with plasma cholesterol concentrations representative of a middle-aged UK population.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e2ac7e9865d945b5ab6e595090bd75ee", "input": "Question: Are the pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin modified by HAART in patients with HIV-associated Kaposi 's sarcoma?\nAnswer: Our data show that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of daunorubicin in patients receiving DaunoXome in combination with indinavir and ritonavir compared with those in patients not receiving PIs. Therefore in patients affected by AIDS-related KS treated with Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART) there is no pharmacokinetic justification for reducing the doses of DaunoXome.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e9ff82948ce94d329e354fef86d1c1c3", "input": "Question: Does extended pattern prostate biopsy minimize the volume-grade bias in prostate cancer detection?\nAnswer: Although more high grade cancers are detected with extended pattern biopsy, there is no differential upgrading with respect to prostate volume. Based on these observations extended prostate sampling in trials of agents that decrease prostate volume would have minimal impact on volume-grade associations.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ed36ecfd694345ac89290c554e184644", "input": "Question: Is high molecular weight adiponectin associated with incident coronary heart disease in older women : a nested prospective case-control study?\nAnswer: Despite associations with total adiponectin and insulin resistance, our data go against any apparent association between HMW adiponectin levels and incident CHD events.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4d2b6d5a27a848cd909f628fa5a69bd5", "input": "Question: Is excision of the dilated pelvis necessary in laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty?\nAnswer: We conclude that extensive resection of the renal pelvis is not necessary in dismembered pyeloplasty procedures since there were no differences in the renographic outcome of comparable patients treated by the different surgical methods.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2b147cfe75154fefb3483f314fb3c6e1", "input": "Question: Is leukopoiesis affected after intravenous treatment with the novel antineoplastic agent taurolidine . Results of an experimental study in rats?\nAnswer: We report that TRD administered intravenously in an antitumor dose does not affect leukopoiesis in rats. Thus, the agent offers a promising and safe means in cancer treatment. The effects are currently investigated in incurable cancer patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e0a6c5e6d3eb49fca48c14b4ca57222f", "input": "Question: Does biventricular pacing affect microvolt T-wave alternans in heart failure patients?\nAnswer: There is a high level of concordance between MTWA test results obtained during RA pacing and other pacing modalities, and MTWA assessment seems not to be influenced by BiV stimulation in congestive heart failure patients. In general, BiV pacing does not seem to affect an arrhythmogenic substrate as detected by MTWA testing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d3a3c27fbd534e4caad6095ad373c8e6", "input": "Question: Do fluticasone and ibuprofen add to the effect of salmeterol on organic dust-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness?\nAnswer: Contradictory to our previous results, salmeterol offered partial protection against enhanced bronchial responsiveness induced by exposure in a pig barn. This effect was not modified by fluticasone or ibuprofen. Our data clearly demonstrate that interventions altering bronchial responsiveness must be compared between groups with similar prechallenge bronchial responsiveness or in a cross-over design.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-201e287ae0034600acee4d3a9a2fd923", "input": "Question: Does femoral angiogram prior to arteriotomy closure device reduce vascular complications in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization?\nAnswer: We found no evidence that performing an FA prior to ACD placement as recommended by the manufacturer had any influence on the clinical success rate of ACD placement or rates of VCs. Therefore, ACD use without FA guidance in patients undergoing CA/PCI is an equally safe and effective method in successfully obtaining hemostasis without an increased risk of VCs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-00725717ad1a40638ef985dbb88a7ace", "input": "Question: Is metabolic flexibility in response to glucose impaired in people with type 2 diabetes after controlling for glucose disposal rate?\nAnswer: This study suggests that metabolic inflexibility to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects is mostly related to defective glucose transport.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-21c66e7c3dbc4558841ec0e980dd213d", "input": "Question: Do heart rate-based protocols for exercise challenge testing ensure sufficient exercise intensity for inducing exercise-induced bronchial obstruction?\nAnswer: These results show that the ATS standard protocol, using a heart rate formula for assessing the exercise intensity, is not sufficient to cause predominantly anaerobic lactate metabolism and hence exercise-induced hyperventilation. Therefore, a potential bronchial obstruction could not be induced in 56% of the subjects. For a sensitive study design, exercise intensities demanding anaerobic lactate metabolism should always be ensured. A more precise protocol is required.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-faa48002cbc64265a62b2b3507789467", "input": "Question: Is the endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp polymorphism a risk factor for endometriosis in south Indian women?\nAnswer: In the present study we could neither observe a difference in the eNOS expression nor establish an association between the eNOS Glu298Asp exon 7 polymorphism in south Indian women with endometriosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ffa6011888d943a9a94d5525f138426b", "input": "Question: Does dehydration induced by bowel preparation in older adults result in cognitive dysfunction?\nAnswer: Dehydration alone does not result in cognitive dysfunction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4fa4bcd010cb4f4e88a2494a5325d493", "input": "Question: Are aPOBEC and iNOS the main intracellular effectors of IFN-gamma-mediated inactivation of Hepatitis B virus replication?\nAnswer: IFN-gamma inhibits HBV replication and up-regulates both iNOS and A3G. However, other pathways appear to have a greater role in IFN-gamma-induced HBV inactivation in the liver.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4bdc700b868043538e3df74957374246", "input": "Question: Does metabolic syndrome impact survival in patients treated for coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: Metabolic syndrome does not impact survival patients with coronary artery disease treated by revascularization and/or medical therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-88515342dafb4517a530d39e586feb3c", "input": "Question: Is birth weight related to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study?\nAnswer: Birth weight was not associated with diabetic retinopathy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b94a783b5ccd49b69fb18938ce6535d7", "input": "Question: Is severe anaemia associated with HIV-1 env gene characteristics in Malawian children?\nAnswer: The prevalence of X4 strains in these young HIV-1-subtype-C-infected children that were most likely vertically infected and na\u00efve to anti-retroviral therapy can be considered high compared to previous results from Malawi. It is unlikely that V1-V2-V3 fragment characteristics and HIV co-receptor affinity is an important feature in the development of severe anaemia in Malawian children.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-78598f25f4c24914956cf04864d29650", "input": "Question: Are lipopolysaccharide binding protein and sCD14 produced as acute phase proteins in cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: The levels of LBP and sCD14 are elevated in cardiac surgical patients being similar in both groups. These molecules are not produced as acute phase proteins in these patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-950324df6a0e4d4a94c3edb6b365c3fe", "input": "Question: Is common variation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene associated with endometriosis risk?\nAnswer: Common variation in the breast-cancer implicated intron 2 and other highly plausible causative candidate regions of FGFR2 do not appear to be a major contributor to endometriosis susceptibility in our large Australian sample.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5624e112a0da4fb3a5b3dfde7d788c64", "input": "Question: Does neuronal nitric oxide synthase contribute to the modulation of pulmonary vascular tone in fetal lambs with congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( nNOS in CDH lambs )?\nAnswer: We conclude that nNOS protein is present in the lungs and pulmonary artery of near full-term lamb fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia, but that it does not contribute to the reduction of pulmonary vascular tone at birth.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-40c8134aa61a485a8eeeff03408f970e", "input": "Question: Is deterioration the only prospect for adolescents ' health : improvement in self-reported health status among boys and girls from age 15 to age 19?\nAnswer: Although significant deterioration in mental health and vitality was detected among both genders, with boys deteriorating more substantially in self-rated health than girls, the differences between the proportion of those with improved and those with deteriorated status were trivial in size.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aea213ae1d19481ebef8426b78aa3cba", "input": "Question: Does incidence and severity of shoulder pain increase with the use of circuit class therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation : a controlled trial?\nAnswer: The incidence and severity of shoulder pain was influenced by degree of active shoulder control but not by type of physiotherapy service delivery. Concerns regarding shoulder pain should not be a barrier to the implementation of circuit class therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6eaa9563fe764bbca9e71b935fa294bf", "input": "Question: Does increasing intensity during treadmill walking adversely affect walking pattern or quality in newly-ambulating stroke patients : an experimental study?\nAnswer: Walking on a treadmill at increasing intensity did not adversely affect walking pattern or reduce walking quality in newly-ambulating stroke patients. This study adds some support for the inclusion of walking on a treadmill at higher intensities in rehabilitation for newly-ambulating stroke patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f86d3cdea5a74932a0f2de3206209f3e", "input": "Question: Are homocysteine and C-reactive protein markers of cognitive impairment in patients with major cardiovascular disease?\nAnswer: PreCI and POCD are present in a substantial proportion of patients undergoing CABG surgery but there is no independent association with either baseline homocysteine or CRP levels. It is possible that cognitive impairment may result from the vascular disease rather than a direct association with either homocysteine or CRP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ea7a5cca8bee4ee19147682ccbf8e0d0", "input": "Question: Does profusion of fibroblast foci in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis predict outcome?\nAnswer: Higher prevalence of fibroblast foci assessed using a simple point-counting technique applied to surgical lung biopsies is not associated with survival in patients with clinically stable IPF.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-489a540a385f4f00b07fc1cb3112d8f3", "input": "Question: Does conversion of laparoscopic colon resection affect survival in colon cancer?\nAnswer: The results of our study suggest there is no survival difference in patients requiring conversion of laparoscopic resection indicated for colorectal cancer. Further examination of this question is warranted to determine whether laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer should be offered to all patients, including those at high risk for conversion.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8723379c30954267ba397655c576d921", "input": "Question: Do urodynamic measures predict stress continence outcomes after surgery for stress urinary incontinence in selected women?\nAnswer: We found a nearly statistically significant trend that women with urodynamic stress incontinence are twice as likely to have a successful overall outcome from surgical management of stress urinary incontinence as women without urodynamic stress incontinence. The level of Valsalva leak point pressure and the presence of detrusor overactivity do not predict the success outcomes after the Burch or autologous fascia sling procedures in women with pure or predominant stress urinary incontinence. The impact of urodynamic studies on surgical outcomes needs further investigation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-be13d5ac0279451fa0b4fcd529987c5c", "input": "Question: Does blocking of platelets or intrinsic coagulation pathway-driven thrombosis prevent cerebral infarctions induced by photothrombosis?\nAnswer: Our data demonstrate that platelet activation, factor XII-driven thrombus formation, and plasmatic coagulation pathways downstream of FX are not a prerequisite for ensuing tissue damage in models of photothrombotic vessel injury indicating that other pathomechanisms are involved. We suggest that this widely used model does not depend on platelet- or plasmatic coagulation-derived thrombosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6b824ad2210a4bf4b8c18322a0af4493", "input": "Question: Do genetic loci contributing to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis confer susceptibility to systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis?\nAnswer: The results of this study demonstrate that genes involved in HLH do not confer a significant risk of association with systemic-onset JIA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1ab7a91fbafd43839395cb7ab9e9f611", "input": "Question: Does family history of alcoholism influence adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness in abstinent alcohol-dependent men?\nAnswer: Adrenocorticol responsiveness in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent men does not appear to reflect a preexisting biologic vulnerability to alcoholism.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-43e7119f77fe4c8d95f2e2b27b8c0236", "input": "Question: Are high rates of depressive symptoms among patients with systemic sclerosis explained by differential reporting of somatic symptoms?\nAnswer: High rates of depressive symptoms in SSc are not due to bias related to the report of somatic symptoms. The pattern of differential item functioning between the SSc and Internet groups, however, suggests some qualitative differences in depressive symptom presentation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9db95a7c883e4490be3a44751bf73c6d", "input": "Question: Is preoperative statin therapy associated with a decrease in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: Preoperative statin therapy was not associated with decreased incidence of postoperative AF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including patients with low EF.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f026918b0b0349ddb31dce0d68287934", "input": "Question: Is hypoadrenalism associated with early mortality during tuberculosis treatment in Malawi?\nAnswer: No evidence of hypoadrenalism was found in this first study to assess adrenal function and outcome of anti-tuberculosis treatment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-23f965fcad034ed48c95de3c75981fd9", "input": "Question: Is transient congenital hypothyroidism in an iodine-replete area related to parental consanguinity , mode of delivery , goitrogens , iodine exposure , or thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies?\nAnswer: Elevated UIC was the most frequent finding in newborns with TCH but the distribution of excessive UIC was not significantly different among TCH, THT, and normal neonates. Since no other etiologies were found in TCH neonates without elevated UIC values, evaluation of other environmental and/or genetic factors is warranted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4a1c8211271347d2ac1e958fa677c91c", "input": "Question: Does atorvastatin affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer: Atorvstatin does not affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-99dd9d135de5427185f26a92e09e3abf", "input": "Question: Are high intraepithelial eosinophil counts in esophageal squamous epithelium specific for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults?\nAnswer: All histologic features presently ascribed to IEE can occur in other esophageal diseases, notably GERD. As such, the finding of intraepithelial eosinophilia in any number is not specific for IEE. When a patient with GERD has an esophageal biopsy with an eosinophil count >20/hpf, it does not mean that the patient has IEE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-37b71842596747498c97655079d60b88", "input": "Question: Is behaviour really at risk after surviving meningitis in childhood?\nAnswer: Children who survived non-Hib BM without severe medical sequelae hardly differ from normal children with respect to personality and self-perceived competence. A small proportion deviates from normal in behaviour problems.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b820a2799275444697099d65eabc578d", "input": "Question: Does [ Histology accurately predict the clinical behaviour of bronchopulmonary carcinoids - results from an Icelandic population-based study ]?\nAnswer: BPCs usually behave as benign neoplasms, with excellent long-term survival after surgical removal. Metastases are more common in patients with atypical histology (40%), and their survival is worse. However patients with typical histology can metastasize (14.8%) and die from the disease. Therefore, histology (typical vs. atypical) can not be used with certainty to predict the clinical behaviour of these tumors.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-816e8d5f50e44ea2abdd468d9f1ff20b", "input": "Question: Do elementary processes in cells after light absorption depend on the degree of polarization : implications for the mechanisms of laser phototherapy?\nAnswer: The biological effect (stimulation of cell attachment) of light with lambda = 637 nm on cells in our model system was pronounced, but did not depend on the degree of light polarization. Elementary processes in cells (light absorption and photochemistry) do not appear to depend on the degree of light polarization.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7296a28c7a7649afb907fdb9bfbe3517", "input": "Question: Does aberrant interleukin-1 signalling increase susceptibility of mice to NOD2-dependent uveitis?\nAnswer: Our findings highlight the complexity of NOD2 activation and IL-1 signalling effects that can be compounded by local environmental factors of the target organ. These observations may impact how we understand the molecular mechanisms by which NOD2 influences inflammation of the eye versus joint, and consequently, treatment options for uveitis versus arthritis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d5888fbbff194334bbf3515e898bd7e5", "input": "Question: Does endometrial infusion of human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of blastocyst embryo transfer impact clinical outcomes : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial?\nAnswer: Endometrial infusion of hCG at the time of blastocyst ET does not improve sustained implantation rates.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-391dbee177ef495d88900c89e6f8767b", "input": "Question: Is allelic mapping bias in RNA-sequencing a major confounder in eQTL studies?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that RNA-seq quantifications are generally robust against allelic mapping bias, and that this does not have a severe effect on eQTL discovery. Nevertheless, we provide our catalog of putatively biased loci to allow better controlling for mapping bias to obtain more accurate results in future RNA-seq studies.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-08d48e876feb4d89853e54f2f22e2e42", "input": "Question: Does pelvic irradiation increase the risk of hip replacement in patients with gynecological cancer . A cohort study based on 8,507 patients?\nAnswer: We did not find any statistically significantly higher risk of undergoing total hip replacement in patients with gynecological cancer who had had pelvic radiotherapy than in women with breast cancer who had not had pelvic radiotherapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-25d44e54f25e4a9ba31251dd7fd3a206", "input": "Question: Does pre-exposure prophylaxis affect the fertility of HIV-1-uninfected men?\nAnswer: TDF and FTC/TDF, when used as PrEP by HIV-1-uninfected men, did not adversely affect male fertility or pregnancy outcomes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-313aebf452f349d9933342af72003dfd", "input": "Question: Do multidrug-resistance 1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms influence long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation?\nAnswer: Pretransplantation determination of MDR1 SNPs may be helpful to optimize the starting dose of CsA but can not predict long-term graft survival.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-03703f2d2275432bafb9a7517a0128cc", "input": "Question: Is tumor differentiation a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in elderly patients with early gastric cancer?\nAnswer: Elderly patients with undifferentiated type histology early gastric cancer without other risk factors for lymph node metastasis may be candidates for endoscopic resection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bebb903496d94e86986d0f0bc9ae4b23", "input": "Question: Is the prevalence of intestinal parasites greater among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome : a population-based case-control study?\nAnswer: D fragilis and Blastocystis were detected in a greater proportion of fecal samples from the asymptomatic background population in Denmark than from subjects with IBS symptoms. These findings indicate that these parasites are not likely to have a direct role in the pathogenesis of IBS. Longitudinal studies are required to understand their role in gastrointestinal health.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-64eb7966837f49468846446c6b6028eb", "input": "Question: Is antihypertensive therapy in preeclampsia modulated by VEGF polymorphisms?\nAnswer: Our data suggest that VEGF polymorphisms do not affect responsiveness to the antihypertensive therapy in PE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ce730b3383e742bf9b5055560af0c24b", "input": "Question: Does helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils initiate hematological diseases?\nAnswer: A single H. pylori infection is insufficient to cause onset of ITP or IDA and other factors may be required for disease onset.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ec60f41a6a8046ae8584db4c2f967a23", "input": "Question: Does repeated apnea-induced contraction of the spleen in cyclists enhance performance in a subsequent time-trial?\nAnswer: Our present findings reveal that four apneas by cyclists prior to a 4-km time trial led to splenic contraction, but no change in mean power output, the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, oxygen saturation of the m. vastus lateralis or oxygen uptake.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bca27fd58a6845cf964fca3355cccf11", "input": "Question: Does mouth rinsing with a bitter solution without ingestion improve sprint cycling performance?\nAnswer: Mouth rinsing with a bitter tasting quinine solution without ingestion does not improve 30-s sprint cycling performance.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aa06aef444c04f68b7eb72d88b443c81", "input": "Question: Does hepatitis B virus vaccination booster provide additional protection in adolescents : a cross-sectional school-based study?\nAnswer: HBV booster strategy at 15\u00a0years of age was the main contributor to the unique age-related phenomenon of anti-HBs seropositivity rate and titer. No increase in HBsAg seropositivity rates within different age groups was observed. Vaccination with plasma-derived HBV vaccines in infancy provided higher anti-HBs seropositivity at 15-18 years of age. Overall booster response rate was 92.5% and indicated that intact immunogenicity persisted at least 15\u00a0years after primary HBV vaccination in infancy. Booster vaccination of HBV did not confer additional protection against HBsAg carriage in our study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-110e41df71d44a03903cf6fb612847ff", "input": "Question: Is skin cytokine expression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome different from controls?\nAnswer: Skin cytokine and DOR gene expression does not differ between patients with FMS and controls. Our results do not support a role of the investigated cytokines in sensitization of peripheral nerve fibers as a potential mechanism of small fiber pathology in FMS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0904d41a7e10478fb66b39e99d5a4368", "input": "Question: Is increased intracranial pressure in spontaneous CSF leak patients associated with papilledema?\nAnswer: Subjects with spontaneous CSF leaks had postclamping average ICP identical to controls with IIH and papilledema. Such evidence suggests that a CSF leak in this patient population provides sufficient pressure diversion to avoid the development of papilledema.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5f124bdfd86445c6ad3549274307599f", "input": "Question: Is routine screening by brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated in every girl with onset of puberty between the ages of 6 and 8 years?\nAnswer: Our data cast doubt on the need of routine screening by brain MRI in girls with idiopathic CPP older than 6 years. Evidence-based criteria to drive clinical decision making about the use of MRI are lacking.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c2cb3e398f844046be72812579dba853", "input": "Question: Does rofecoxib appear to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism : a systematic review of the literature?\nAnswer: Our findings are limited by the relatively small number of events, although, the contributing sample size of 28307 subjects (18309 person years) is reasonable. From our best available data outlined in this manuscript, there is no increase in the risk of VTE with rofecoxib use.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-95d2e0db58774c1f8a64824e0f05aa75", "input": "Question: Does fibrin glue improve healing of gastrointestinal anastomoses : a systematic review?\nAnswer: In the available studies, FG did not consistently have a positive influence on the healing of gastrointestinal anastomoses. It is consequently plausible that the positive effect of FG sealing of gastrointestinal anastomoses, if there is any, may be due to a mechanical sealing effect rather than due to improved healing per se.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4c3dc8f9e3d2406b9374d2858d120298", "input": "Question: Is excessive lowering of blood pressure beneficial for progression of brain white matter hyperintensive and cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients : 4-year follow-up study?\nAnswer: In elderly hypertensive patients, there exists a beneficial target for SBP lowering beyond which treatment may not be beneficial for improving or delaying the progression of cognitive impairment and WMLs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-238238ddc1144e9ca3e8b43b1d6efd6d", "input": "Question: Are disease-associated polymorphisms in 9p21 associated with extreme longevity?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that the 9p21 disease-associated polymorphisms do not contribute to the life-long protection from cardiovascular and other age-related diseases observed in centenarians. It is likely that this protection is mediated by mechanisms different from the ones underlying the 9p21 association.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8e18d7e88d6d40a899fe03884ccd460e", "input": "Question: Is early repeat imaging warranted for high-grade blunt cerebrovascular injuries?\nAnswer: Injury grade of BCVIs is associated with the healing rate of the injury. While approximately half of Grade I BCVIs resolved, only 7% of all high-grade injuries healed. Early repeat imaging may not be warranted in high-grade BCVI; the vast majority of injuries do not resolve. The cost, radiation, and transport risk of early repeat imaging should be weighed against the potential treatment impact for individual patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d96bcf1b63314ecdac861b2d01e5b2ce", "input": "Question: Does chronic binge alcohol consumption diminish effectiveness of continuous antiretroviral suppression of viral load in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques?\nAnswer: These findings indicate that CBA does not attenuate effectiveness of NRTI suppression of viral load, nor does it appear to interact with NRTI to produce toxicity during the initial 2 months of treatment. We conclude that while efforts to reduce AUD in PLWHA should be a priority, counseling on the importance of adherence to ART even on drinking days should also be promoted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-79e1d94be9084c8ca9be09180523039e", "input": "Question: Do rehabilitation professionals still communicate effectively about cognition?\nAnswer: A significant lack of consensus persists regarding the understanding of common cognitive terminology. This miscommunication affects cognitive impairment descriptors (eg, mild, moderate, severe) and categorization of types of memory. Only half of rehabilitation professionals appear aware of this discrepancy, suggesting that education is necessary to bring greater awareness of the potential for miscommunication.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ec80e811b88643ddb065c8385708de60", "input": "Question: Does temperature of Ingested Water during Exercise Affect Body Heat Storage?\nAnswer: We show that ingestion of hot water elicits a greater HL relative to cold water ingestion during exercise. However, this response was only compensated for the heat of the ingested fluid as evidenced by similar \u0394Hb between conditions. Therefore, our findings indicate that relative to cold water ingestion, consuming hot water does not provide a thermoregulatory advantage. Both hot and cold water ingestion results in the same amount of heat stored during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f426c6c8f29c4548ac492a2beaad030c", "input": "Question: Does nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiling of Day 3 and 5 embryo culture medium predict pregnancy outcome in good prognosis patients : a prospective cohort study on single transferred embryos?\nAnswer: In a large cohort of single transferred blastocysts from a homogeneous group of good prognosis patients, we find a high degree of individual variation in the metabolome that, however, has no relation to pregnancy outcome.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c62d336781af4e80ab122a8abfd4d3c4", "input": "Question: Does mechanical pleurodesis reduce recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax : a randomized trial?\nAnswer: Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis did not significantly decrease primary spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence compared with simple wedge resection, but intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pleural drainage rates were higher. Younger age increases the risk of recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2416564820ea499d885a63af60fcb6f6", "input": "Question: Do healthcare institutions favor care . Meaning of humanized care for people directly participating in it?\nAnswer: For the participants in the study, the humanized care practice of humanized care is affected negatively, on one side, by the service offered by healthcare institutions; and, on the other, by the influence exerted upon nurses, which conditions, in turn, how care is delivered.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c65c0ac8f57040c29ba3016c96dc77d9", "input": "Question: Does baseline body mass index significantly affect outcomes after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?\nAnswer: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy outcomes have continued to improve, and this surgery can safely be completed in obese patients, previously deemed to be at high risk for poor outcomes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-190d2f2a5c2c4a419613575873fa02ba", "input": "Question: Does uncomplicated diabetes accelerate age-related sarcopenia?\nAnswer: Uncomplicated diabetes does not seem to accelerate aging-related muscle mass or strength loss. Exercise test parameters may be useful markers in the screening of sarcopenia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-11ee856b97114abbbf8d5baec9c5a6f0", "input": "Question: Are subcentimeter pulmonary nodules associated with disease progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: No evidence in the current study suggested that indeterminate pulmonary nodules less than 1 cm are associated with renal cell carcinoma progression, although large nodules significantly predicted metastatic disease. Patients with subcm indeterminate pulmonary nodules would be unlikely to benefit from extensive postoperative chest imaging surveillance, which should be reserved for patients with nodules greater than 1 cm.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2df4e45fec054a73b891f2b7ebe27694", "input": "Question: Does nilotinib Alter the Secretory Functions of Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells in a Prothrombotic or Antithrombotic Fashion?\nAnswer: Considering the results obtained in our study, nilotinib does not affect the functions of endothelial cells either in a prothrombotic or an antithrombotic fashion, despite a dose-dependent decline in cell viability.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7c242ea993dd4f37b41a6ea3c8cc2420", "input": "Question: Does single-dose etomidate increase mortality in patients with sepsis : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies?\nAnswer: Current evidence indicates that single-dose etomidate does not increase mortality in patients with sepsis. However, this finding largely relies on data from observational studies and is potentially subject to selection bias; hence, high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-425e6b2a96d842ff9ac587ba3b87e360", "input": "Question: Does carotid Elongation Affect Angiographic Results of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke?\nAnswer: In this retrospective analysis we report that carotid elongation does not affect angiographic results of mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-65214619d9044a4286ff1153388529f7", "input": "Question: Is cryoballoon pressure waveform change during balloon inflation a reliable predictor of adequate pulmonary vein occlusion?\nAnswer: The change in pressure waveforms at the distal tip of inflated cryoballoon is not a reliable predictor of complete PV occlusion during cryoballoon ablation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0d928029156b4b99b1da64806ff9079e", "input": "Question: Does brief fixation hamper the reliability of Ki67 analysis in breast cancer core-needle biopsies : a double-centre study?\nAnswer: Overall agreement for Ki67 expression was good between briefly fixed CNBs and conventionally fixed resection specimens, and within the range of studies comparing conventionally fixed CNBs and resections.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f9c713873b4248b5bd585543f0a2e37b", "input": "Question: Does magnesium replacement improve insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome : a 12-week randomized double-blind study?\nAnswer: Serum and intracellular Mg depletion is common in patients with MS; however, Mg replacement in recommended dosage did not increase significantly Mg levels, neither reduced insulin resistance or metabolic control.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9f06c251493f475e9f675bd4894cc8a7", "input": "Question: Does cassia cinnamon change the insulin sensitivity or the liver enzymes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance?\nAnswer: This study showed that ingestion of 6 g C. cassia twice a day for 12 weeks did not change the insulin sensitivity or liver enzymes in subjects with IGT.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f4096ee60487420a833d2b3124588ccd", "input": "Question: Is bicarbonate the ultimate answer to the biocompatibility problems of CAPD solutions : a cytotoxicity test of CAPD solutions and effluents?\nAnswer: PMN migration is reduced by both lactate and bicarbonate based CAPD solutions and effluents collected during the first hour of dialysis. The bio-compatibility of CAPD solutions may be improved by combining the lactate and bicarbonate buffering systems in a solution with a concentration of less than 20 mM of bicarbonate and less than 15 mM of lactate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e3fb718838aa4739be79b6ad891097e9", "input": "Question: Does cancer chemotherapy enhance MDR-associated 170 kd glycoprotein expression in normal blood mononuclear cells?\nAnswer: Cancer chemotherapy did not enhance P170 expression in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mechanisms enhancing P170 expression are likely to be more operative in tumor cells than in normal cells.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f36b838d9f344b66beeeb0e5a1853ba7", "input": "Question: Is unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein predictive of adverse perinatal outcome in an indigent urban population?\nAnswer: Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels offer little if any additional predictive value for adverse perinatal outcome in populations already at high risk for such outcomes on the basis of obstetric or socioeconomic criteria.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8259b60eb4f840f7a70e6f3de84d12d3", "input": "Question: Is endothelium-derived relaxing factor in brain blood vessels nitric oxide?\nAnswer: In brain blood vessels the chemical identity of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor mediating the action of acetylcholine is unknown, but this relaxing factor does not appear to be nitric oxide. If the mediator contains nitric oxide, as is probably the case, the means by which it activates vascular guanylate cyclase and/or produces dilation is unknown. Since this relaxing factor inhibits platelet adhesion/aggregation in cerebral vessels as well as relaxing these vessels, the chemical identification of this relaxing factor and the elucidation of its mode of action are extremely important to our understanding and control of cerebrovascular phenomena in health and disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-47b977b616c342d0b47093a1f0a360ee", "input": "Question: Does hyperinsulinemia influence androgens/estrogens ratio in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome?\nAnswer: Our results support the view that since hyperinsulinemia induces hyperandrogenism, the increase of androgens should not be attributed to the decrease of androgen catabolism.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3a608dc7d88d41ae84fb23a2ff44a124", "input": "Question: Do arginine infusion and/or acute changes of growth hormone levels acutely alter leptin serum levels?\nAnswer: (1) Acute changes of GH levels do not alter leptin serum levels during acute arginine infusions over 120 min. (2) Arginine does not acutely modulate leptin secretion.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-99cae77488934c848f7c69c96ccf28f7", "input": "Question: Does intracoronary-administered urapidil influence myocardial contractility , metabolic activity , or coronary sinus blood flow in humans?\nAnswer: The results suggest that intracoronary bolus administration of preservative-free urapidil, 4 mg, is not associated with any detectable effect on myocardial contractility or coronary smooth muscle in awake nonsurgical patients with CAD, after PTCA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-98e609d6ccf94132ab5599ade8270bda", "input": "Question: Does expression of multidrug resistance-related genes contribute to risk factors in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?\nAnswer: Expression (mRNA levels) of the MDR1, MRP and LRP genes did not contribute to risk factors in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-056f6cd0c8754bcd81cbc3f2fb27f2dd", "input": "Question: Is [ The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting effected by routinely applied manual pre-oxygenation during induction of anesthesia ]?\nAnswer: Since neither routine pre-intubation positive pressure mask ventilation nor the medical qualification of the anesthesilogist affect the incidence of PONV neither variable needs to be taken into account in studies concerning PONV.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4c565d4de3bc4ba097ebc52dfd7ba064", "input": "Question: Does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation augment combined spinal epidural labour analgesia?\nAnswer: In healthy labouring parturients, the application of a TENS unit did not alter the quality or duration of labour analgesia provided by the spinal portion of CSE analgesia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e74cc397e411413c9ceabfda9dbb5731", "input": "Question: Is inflammatory infiltrate ( prostatitis ) in whole mounted radical prostatectomy specimens from black and white patients an etiology for racial difference in prostate specific antigen?\nAnswer: To our knowledge no significant racial difference exists in the extent of inflammatory infiltrate, and inflammation was not the etiology of the racial difference in serum PSA levels in this clinically localized prostate cancer cohort.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-32008eef74e44ad7bc31e2c29918286a", "input": "Question: Is iron depletion effective in inducing a virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed to respond to interferon therapy?\nAnswer: In patients who previously failed treatment with interferon, iron depletion induced by phlebotomy improves ALT levels but is ineffective in achieving viral eradication in patients retreated with interferon 3 million units three times per week.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1cdc67d19e9544bea24320ca3f062830", "input": "Question: Is airway eosinophilia a requirement for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness?\nAnswer: This in vivo model of HDM-induced allergic airway changes suggests that AHR is not related to either eosinophil influx or allergen-specific serum IgE, thereby reducing the importance of these factors as essential elements for allergic AHR.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f0835e55581140f89f747ac66c964e45", "input": "Question: Does acipimox augment thallium-201 redistribution in the fasting state?\nAnswer: Although acipimox has been shown to augment myocardial glucose uptake and myocardial glucose uptake has been shown to improve cellular uptake of TI-201, in the fasting state acipimox does not enhance the redistribution after stress. This may be because serum insulin levels are not increased by acipimox, and insulin is instrumental in enhancing the joint transport of glucose and TI-201 into myocytes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8ff0822e55ed49c1bc64e1dc4006c882", "input": "Question: Is the risk of nosocomial pneumonia increased during partial liquid ventilation?\nAnswer: This study suggests that different perfluorocarbons affect adhesions differently. Perflubron and FC-77 appear to decrease bacterial adhesion, whereas Rimar does not. Rerflubron does not have a direct bactericidal effect. Furthermore, PLV with perflubron decreased the number of viable bacteria per gram of tissue after an intentional inoculation of the airway, suggesting that the risk of nosocomial pneumonia is unlikely to be increased during PLV and may, in fact, be reduced in patients supported with PLV.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-69517913ca164cdab174695fa9d7ec47", "input": "Question: Does exercise training and intensity alter vascular volume responses in women?\nAnswer: Within the limits of this study, endurance training did not increase PV, TBV, RCV and THb in previously sedentary females regardless of the intensity of training.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3e4d98d4fbfb4798bbcf5ec5497c659a", "input": "Question: Do braces reduce loads on internal spinal fixation devices?\nAnswer: It does not seem helpful to brace patients after mono- or bisegmental stabilization of the lumbar spine.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d3c770200a1342dc948469e98caae1fc", "input": "Question: Do subjective sleepiness ratings ( Epworth sleepiness scale ) reflect the same parameter of sleepiness as objective sleepiness ( maintenance of wakefulness test ) in patients with narcolepsy?\nAnswer: In a large narcolepsy sample, the MWT and ESS are not equally useful, and do not measure the same parameter of sleepiness.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e321514393914320a89b0306e570cf2e", "input": "Question: Does cricopharyngeal myotomy increase the risk of esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation?\nAnswer: Increased esophageal acid exposure is common and esophagopharyngeal regurgitation is rare in unselected patients undergoing cricopharyngeal myotomy for pharyngeal dysphagia. Myotomy does not increase the frequency of esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation in such patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-93fdc31854bf4a9ea37f69e235e3a5b7", "input": "Question: Do sevoflurane and isoflurane enhance the pre- and postischemic eicosanoid production in guinea pig hearts?\nAnswer: In an isolated guinea pig heart model, myocardial eicosanoid release was not increased by isoflurane or sevoflurane, either before or after ischemia. Sevoflurane (2 vol%) but not isoflurane attenuated the increased release of eicosanoids during reperfusion.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-579a958e9e1b43718c78ea6299f8a790", "input": "Question: Do ambulatory ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure specifically predict an increased risk of sudden death . PROMISE ( Prospective Randomized Milrinone Survival Evaluation ) Investigators?\nAnswer: This study demonstrates that ventricular arrhythmias do not specifically predict sudden death in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure. Thus, the finding of asymptomatic NSVT on ambulatory ECG does not identify specific candidates for antiarrhythmic or device therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-30e6ff4e6cc849e2b7db04fae7ecfed0", "input": "Question: Do tP53 mutations correlate with locoregional recurrence in stage I tongue carcinomas?\nAnswer: Neither the presence of mutations nor immunostaining had any impact on the risk of recurrence expressed as life-table analysis of time to recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-369d07226024417680686a62881d1193", "input": "Question: Is hyperhomocysteinaemia related to risk of distal somatic polyneuropathy : the Hoorn Study?\nAnswer: Although a weak relation (as judged from the confidence intervals) cannot be excluded, we conclude that hyperhomocysteinaemia is probably not related to risk of distal somatic polyneuropathy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-79b56080321b4c1a869c52b7f2fbeafd", "input": "Question: Is acute glomerular upregulation of ornithine decarboxylase essential for mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion in anti-Thy-1-nephritis?\nAnswer: The acute upregulation of glomerular ODC activity above baseline in anti-Thy1-glomerulonephritis is not pathophysiologically important for disease development however, biological effects of available polyamine pools cannot be excluded by our study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5a2e81c334cd46fb9dd1d63b43f7a393", "input": "Question: Does cardiac transplantation effect ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in rats?\nAnswer: The results of these experiments suggest that cardiac innervation is not an important factor in the genesis of ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in rats.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-62c0c724a9a6482289c2dcf63eb733a2", "input": "Question: Does cisapride alter gastric volume or pH in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery?\nAnswer: Preoperative administration of 20 mg cisapride p.o. to patients scheduled for outpatient surgery does not alter either the volume or the pH of gastric contents. Its use in this setting is of no apparent clinical benefit.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b1887e7d008c4519a03fabf8d509d445", "input": "Question: Is bacterial vaginosis associated with circumcision status of the current male partner?\nAnswer: Women with uncircumcised current partners are not at increased risk for BV.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fa4139ab46a74b75a6d2d1e18dc4b451", "input": "Question: Is exercise adherence to pelvic floor muscle strengthening a significant predictor of symptom reduction for women with urinary incontinence?\nAnswer: The effectiveness of the 4-month PFM strengthening program was influenced by the severity of symptoms and the improvement score of PFM strength instead of exercise adherence. Women who had more significant symptoms of leakage (higher score on the Severity Index at baseline) and who had more improvement of PFM strength showed more improvement of symptoms after PFM strengthening.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c740328349de4a04ae97b022aa4d9056", "input": "Question: Is polycystic ovary syndrome associated with polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 , CDKAL1 , HHEX , KCNJ11 , FTO and SLC30A8 genes?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that the six type 2 diabetes-associated genes identified in genome-wide association studies are not associated with PCOS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-369d8df47d04406da6d5df2dfea3f790", "input": "Question: Are fetuin-A serum levels correlated to kidney function in long-lived subjects?\nAnswer: Serum Fetuin A increases with age in elder individuals and subjects with the TS or SS AHSG polymorphism have lower levels of the circulating protein. No correlation with kidney function decline was observed. Other mechanisms should be investigated to explain the increase of Fetuin A with age.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-be6bcc4610a64ae6866d406654ce25b5", "input": "Question: Does mFGE8 influence chorio-retinal homeostasis or choroidal neovascularization in vivo?\nAnswer: Despite a reproducible minor increase of rs1878326 in AMD patients and a very modest increase in BM in Mfge8(-/-) mice, our data suggests that MFGE8 dysfunction does not play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bccc4e2395c942aa919f75e02cf96dfa", "input": "Question: Is serum HE4 concentration dependent on menstrual cycle or hormonal treatment among endometriosis patients and healthy premenopausal women?\nAnswer: The present study shows that the HE4 measurement in healthy premenopausal women as well as in women with endometriosis can be carried out at any phase of the menstrual cycle, and irrespective of hormonal medication, extending the benefits of HE4 use in clinical practice.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-085580f5d4e74da9bd7db2577026f8cf", "input": "Question: Do straws cause dry sockets when third molars are extracted?\nAnswer: There is no evidence that there is an increased incidence of dry sockets when using a straw in the first 2 days after third molars have been extracted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-005651eec50a435b9e505f97188d0eb7", "input": "Question: Is platelet function in stored heparinised autologous blood superior to in patient platelet function during routine cardiopulmonary bypass?\nAnswer: Ex vivo preservation of autologous blood in unfractionated heparin does not seem to be profitable to preserve platelet function.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cde0f424effc45269e12ef325c3088b9", "input": "Question: Does the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 ( GPER/GPR30 ) predict survival in patients with ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: GPER mRNA as well as GPER protein is present in both benign and malignant ovarian tumor tissue. About one third of malignant tumors over-expressed both GPER mRNA and protein. This, however, correlated neither with histological or clinical parameters nor with patient survival.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-916965f2973b4c32840b72f987a907b4", "input": "Question: Does external laryngeal manipulation improve the intubation success rate by novice intubators in a manikin study?\nAnswer: In this pediatric manikin study, ELM performed by novice intubators improved laryngeal view, but lengthened the duration of intubation and did not improve intubation success rate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f26f2ecac6594dbf8bc55ae494d5d042", "input": "Question: Does human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 level predict prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation including gemcitabine?\nAnswer: Expression level of hENT1 was not associated with prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation including gemcitabine.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-27b66e64871b4f128f6c77a167243df8", "input": "Question: Does lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduce enteric bacteria or bacterial translocation in patients undergoing colon resection?\nAnswer: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was established in the intestine, but no inhibitory effect on enteric bacteria, bacterial translocation, or postoperative complications was found. The mechanism behind the protective effects of probiotics found in animal and some human studies remain elusive and require further explorations. No adverse effects were recorded after the administration of high doses of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4f3ba0ac41de45d190ed1861da89e9b9", "input": "Question: Do red wine polyphenols lower peripheral or central blood pressure in high normal blood pressure and hypertension?\nAnswer: Intake of red wine polyphenols in two different dosages for 4 weeks did not decrease peripheral or central BP in subjects with a high normal or grade 1 hypertension. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that polyphenols account for the suggested cardiovascular benefits of red wine consumption by lowering BP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d441e464e1764f4abf092b3bc63b4129", "input": "Question: Is the paraoxonase-1 pathway a major bioactivation pathway of clopidogrel in vitro?\nAnswer: This in vitro study shows that the contribution of PON1 to clopidogrel metabolism is limited at clinically relevant concentrations. Moreover, CYP2C19, CYP2B6 and CYP3A play important roles in the bioactivation of clopidogrel.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ba4a1e86de364086b880b0dde35ad175", "input": "Question: Is kREX2 essential for either procyclic or bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei?\nAnswer: KREX2 is a U-specific exonuclease that is dispensable for RNA editing in vivo in T. brucei BFs and PFs. This result suggests that the U deletion activity, which is required for RNA editing, is primarily mediated in vivo by KREX1 which is normally found associated with only one type of editosome. The retention of the KREX2 gene implies a non-essential role or a role that is essential in other life cycle stages or conditions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9b1ed2bd1ab449489b808b280b41400a", "input": "Question: Does physical activity attenuate the obesity risk of TV viewing in youth?\nAnswer: Adolescents spending excessive TV time are prone to obesity independently of their PA levels. Families should put TV sets out of adolescents' bedroom and keep TV sets off during meal times.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-41e9f191e7064909862990f8b3b2de51", "input": "Question: Are self-reported fatigue and energy cost during walking related in patients with multiple sclerosis?\nAnswer: Fatigue and ECw are not related in patients with MS with mild to moderate walking problems. ECw and fatigue are independent determinants of physical functioning.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9fc95a43a9f84cb7adcddddb4c5b2724", "input": "Question: Do results of antibiotic susceptibility testing influence clinical outcome in children with cystic fibrosis?\nAnswer: This study contributes to mounting evidence questioning the utility of routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4d823091b7ab491796e74d4b88b893de", "input": "Question: Is persistent atrial fibrillation associated with thrombomodulin level increase in efficiently anticoagulated patients?\nAnswer: Plasma sTM concentration was lower in patients with persistent AF and normal left ventricle systolic function than in patients with sinus rhythm, presumably due to chronic oral anticoagulant therapy in the AF group. CV has no impact on sTM plasma level evaluated 24 hours after sinus rhythm restoration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4e6caad37888436582b8e60bae14cbfc", "input": "Question: Does pretreatment with low-dose \u03b2-adrenergic antagonist therapy affect severity of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer: Prior therapy with low-dose \u03b2-adrenergic antagonists does not affect the severity of presentation and clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as measured by common markers of myocardial dysfunction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-541385572a1f4ef9b4252f657d01fb69", "input": "Question: Does antenatal receipt of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine exacerbate pregnancy-associated malaria despite the expansion of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum : clinical outcomes from the QuEERPAM study?\nAnswer: In this longitudinal study of malaria at delivery, the receipt of SP as IPTp did not potentiate PAM morbidity despite the increasing prevalence and fixation of SP-resistant P. falciparum haplotypes. Even when there is substantial resistance, SP may be used in modified IPTp regimens as a component of comprehensive antenatal care.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7516f584406a452ca95fdd45ad3f2f1d", "input": "Question: Does level VI lymph node dissection decrease radioiodine uptake in patients undergoing radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer?\nAnswer: There is no evidence that uptake of (131)I is reduced by performance of a central neck dissection in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Preablation thyroglobulin levels were not altered by level VI lymph node dissection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-17a8858f83be4a6a9d3ab3ae4f22149f", "input": "Question: Are diagnosis of pulmonary embolism : planar images generated from V/Q SPECT a reliable substitute for traditional planar V/Q scan?\nAnswer: Planar images generated from SPECT V/Q scintigraphy are not a reliable substitute for true planar V/Q images.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0797391851094bb88b3c6f243f4f3c3b", "input": "Question: Is transfusion of packed red blood cells associated with improved central venous oxygen saturation or organ function in patients with septic shock?\nAnswer: In this study, the transfusion of PRBC was not associated with improved cellular oxygenation, as demonstrated by a lack of improved achievement of ScvO(2)>70%. Also, the transfusion of PRBC was not associated with improved organ function or improved achievement of the other goals of EGDT. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of transfusion of PRBC within the context of early resuscitation of patients with septic shock.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d41bf85b1b1e494792c689868f83e321", "input": "Question: Is the expression of omental 11\u03b2-HSD1 increased in severely obese women with metabolic syndrome?\nAnswer: Contrary to our original hypothesis, omental 11\u03b2-HSD1 expression is not increased in the OM+ group.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-26be366a91e646ecbb054afe6b3a2528", "input": "Question: Are infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms associated with overall , all-cause mortality in the surgical intensive care unit : the 20,000 foot view?\nAnswer: Despite a steady rise in the proportion of resistant bacterial infections in the ICU, crude mortality rates have decreased over time. The rates of resistant infections do not appear to be a significant factor in overall mortality in our surgical ICU patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f52cbfc7f09b4bd3b59e8021101bad4b", "input": "Question: Does reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs?\nAnswer: A pH-dependent and reversible weak drug-excipient binding interaction is unlikely to affect the oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-422097492e514d8ba9c5a3146f3eb4fa", "input": "Question: Does perioperative polyphenon E , a green tea extract , affect the wound complication rate in mice after sham laparotomy yet has an inhibitory effect on wound healing?\nAnswer: These results suggest that catechins has only mild clinically significant adverse effect on wound healing, and its perioperative use warrants further study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d2801ebe6b3b4cd89b4fc296714071cf", "input": "Question: Is female sex associated with improved rates of ROSC or short term survival following prolonged porcine ventricular fibrillation?\nAnswer: Sex predicts neither ROSC nor SURV in a swine model of prolonged VF.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b3de6bb11ce04b7599f7ae4eea4d1312", "input": "Question: Is fDG-PET assessment of rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy associated with long-term prognosis : a prospective evaluation?\nAnswer: Assessment of rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy by FDG-PET provides no prognostic information. Therefore, serial FDG-PET before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy should not be performed for this purpose.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b72fffc809c74a9daf6c55884793d262", "input": "Question: Do genetic variants associated with adult blood pressure and kidney function affect fetal kidney volume . The Generation R Study?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that common genetic variants, associated with kidney function or disease and blood pressure, do not affect the third trimester fetal kidney volume. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the associations between small kidney size and increased risks of hypertension and impaired kidney function in adulthood.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-dc7cf795c4424dbaa083db858354c724", "input": "Question: Does hyperinsulinemia change atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E null mice?\nAnswer: Hyperinsulinemia, without substantial vascular or whole-body insulin resistance and without changes in plasma lipids or blood pressure, does not change susceptibility to atherosclerosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e7c9813d0bde4cb4b956f330c92ad669", "input": "Question: Does use of the Purified Poloxamer 407 for Temporary Coronary Occlusion in Off-Pump CABG Cause Myocardial Injury?\nAnswer: : Poloxamer 407 does not cause myocardial damage after elimination in the bloodstream. The safety of this hemostatic device is now established, and application for FDA approval for human clinical studies is under way.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5dd19925522f4fdf8bb93f0727e1f820", "input": "Question: Are microvascular blood flow responses to muscle contraction altered by high-fat feeding in rats?\nAnswer: Contraction-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment and glucose uptake are not impaired in the HFD insulin resistant rat.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-adeeb18e02bc4e269107117fde1e9188", "input": "Question: Does levosimendan improve cardiac output or blood pressure in a rodent model of propranolol toxicity when administered using various dosing regimens?\nAnswer: Unlike in verapamil and metoprolol poisoning models, levosimendan did not improve CO or survival in propranolol poisoning. Epinephrine improved BP, but not CO, suggesting that its actions were due to peripheral vasoconstriction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-00923e91330b457b8c6d5c7defe7def0", "input": "Question: Is the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic nulliparous women?\nAnswer: The PAI-1 4G polymorphism is not associated with an increase in the risk of serious adverse pregnancy events in asymptomatic nulliparous women.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a03b756848c74fffa9f88bfd50401f72", "input": "Question: Does highly active antiretroviral therapy completely suppress HIV in semen of sexually active HIV-infected men who have sex with men?\nAnswer: STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-87c28e6f3c484992902c2429b06d7adf", "input": "Question: Does bilobar spreading of colorectal liver metastases significantly affect survival after R0 resection in the era of interdisciplinary multimodal treatment?\nAnswer: To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-903538786355405a9ceb3c18d15f5ac2", "input": "Question: 'm `` I afraid of those ones just 'cause they 've been prescribed '' : perceptions of risk among illicit users of pharmaceutical opioids?\nAnswer: This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7c0e22fd50374682b9fa86d2b2d849cd", "input": "Question: Is deletion allele of the ACE gene a risk factor for asthma predisposition?\nAnswer: We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1aba83419f0d4a668c4eeace002167cd", "input": "Question: Are structural and functional changes of carotid wall properties in patients with acromegaly restored after 1 year of GH/IGF1 normalization?\nAnswer: Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8aee86b55d8345c1a53ec2fd47e0cf8a", "input": "Question: Does early adrenaline administration improve circulatory recovery during resuscitation from severe asphyxia in newborn piglets?\nAnswer: The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-212ced0bfcac45d78e9a3148df78d21d", "input": "Question: Do serial lactate measurements using microdialysis of interstitial fluid correlate with plasma lactate in children after cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: Serial lactate measurements in microdialysis fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue are feasible, but cannot be used as a reliable interchangeable method for plasma lactate analysis in children after CHS at this time. Whether this technique has its own place in the assessment of the overall hemodynamic status and tissue perfusion in children after CHS needs to be addressed in future studies.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7bc0da7549684fa1a79e3370a3dafb48", "input": "Question: Is glutathione-S-transferase pi ( GSTP1 ) codon 105 polymorphism associated with oxaliplatin efficacy or toxicity in advanced colorectal cancer patients?\nAnswer: The results of this study indicate that the GSTP1 genotype is not predictive for progression-free survival or overall survival in ACC patients treated with CAPOX. Moreover, overall neurotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients receiving 500 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin was not associated with GSTP1 genotype.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f58bc3e723bf4f8fa4ef108117f52189", "input": "Question: Does early mobilisation in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis increase the risk of a symptomatic pulmonary embolism?\nAnswer: In acute DVT , early walking, thrombus location, and duration of the symptoms did not influence the incidence of symptomatic PE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-25fe180b3c84472e90ada05c237810ce", "input": "Question: Does beta-adrenergic agonism impair the GH response to acylated ghrelin in humans?\nAnswer: The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8eb93b64948f4266a9ff29f84b031140", "input": "Question: Is a BRCA1 mutation associated with increased indicators of oxidative stress?\nAnswer: The results of this study suggest that the presence of a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation is not associated with increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress in serum or lymphocytes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether strategies aimed at minimizing oxidative stress might aid in the prevention of hereditary breast cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-969dcb980a8149a09b35e704eb07b0cb", "input": "Question: Does c-reactive protein estimation improve accuracy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients?\nAnswer: The sensitivity and PPV of WBC were better than CRP alone, or in combination with WBC. We conclude that CRP does not aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Simple appendicitis was seen in spite of normal WBC and CRP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2d756df45c8144e8bd3fc03cb9580948", "input": "Question: Is progressive increase in body mass index associated with a progressive increase in joint space narrowing in obese women with osteoarthritis of the knee?\nAnswer: In obese patients with OA, progressively higher BMI values were not accompanied by a progressively increasing rate of JSN. Joint loading was not evaluated, but it is possible that marked obesity limited the functional capacity of some subjects with OA, protecting their knees from loading. For investigators considering eligibility criteria for a trial of a structure-modifying OA drug, these data suggest that recruitment of patients with a BMI much higher than 30 kg/m(2) will not enrich the sample of subjects who will have more rapid JSN than those with a BMI of only 30 kg/m(2).", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-14ac79b2e3ff4c2da1f37b900857aa1b", "input": "Question: Is the polymorphism Arg585Gln in the gene of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 ( SREBP-1 ) a determinant of ketosis prone type 2 diabetes ( KPD ) in Africans?\nAnswer: The results of this exploratory study show that the polymorphism Arg585Gln in SREBF-1 is not associated with the KPD phenotype. Further studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c23aed01552e43ab8c39de992a951fa4", "input": "Question: Are plasma levels of MMP-2 , MMP-9 and TIMP-1 associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d529c48fbe554a93a03cc0c29f77b497", "input": "Question: Does iron intake significantly correlate with iron deficiency among young Japanese women : a cross-sectional study?\nAnswer: These results suggest that dietary habits, including Fe intake, do not significantly correlate with Fe deficiency among young Japanese women.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8484e55180124ad6bd4ac1a6784ba353", "input": "Question: Is mutation or polymorphism of the CD20 gene associated with the response to R-CHOP in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients?\nAnswer: Our results do not support association of CD20 mutations in specimens of the initial tumor or structural polymorphisms of the CD20 gene with patients who exhibited poor outcomes to R-CHOP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5b197c2c157a460f8a25fd796204006d", "input": "Question: Does risk of subsequent dementia diagnoses vary by types of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer?\nAnswer: No association was found between types of adjuvant chemotherapy agents for breast cancer and risk of new dementia diagnoses. Our findings suggest that concerns about post-chemotherapy dementia should not be a major factor in determining type of adjuvant chemotherapy regimen to prescribe for older women with breast cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-212ab15a54b64d54b96bf90ce2d2e064", "input": "Question: Is cardiac comorbidity a risk factor for mortality and morbidity following surgery for primary non-small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer: With careful assessment and patient selection, patients with cardiac comorbidity were not found to be at increased risk of mortality and morbidity following lung resection for primary non-small cell lung cancer in a propensity-matched population.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9141da34ecc6486181baeac79e21225b", "input": "Question: Is early neutropenia associated with an increased rate of nosocomial infection in very low-birth-weight infants?\nAnswer: Our data do not support the hypothesis that early NP increases the risk for NI in VLBW infants.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fc18ea9621064c9188599b1fed89089f", "input": "Question: Is serum mast cell tryptase a useful marker for disease severity in psoriasis or atopic dermatitis?\nAnswer: Serum total tryptase did not prove to be a useful tool in assessing severity of psoriasis or AD. Total IgE levels did not correlate with severity of AD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ebaa5fcda3e946f291069993a85d38b3", "input": "Question: Does preoperative haemostasis testing predict requirement of blood products in cardiac surgery?\nAnswer: Our data demonstrate that preoperatively performed haemostasis testing is not predictive in estimating the need for blood products in cardiac surgery patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a68a42f658dd4ea5a2a7c43d114a92a6", "input": "Question: Does aspirin resistance determined with PFA-100 predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease?\nAnswer: Aspirin resistance determined by PFA-100 does not predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-08b060df15e14a42925fd1fea9fdaa7a", "input": "Question: Does hypertonic saline resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock impair the neutrophil response to intraabdominal infection?\nAnswer: HTS resuscitation did not impair the host response to bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity. However, the ability of HTS to prevent lung neutrophil accumulation in this setting persisted. These findings suggest that peritoneal bacterial contamination should not be considered a contraindication to the use of HTS in the trauma setting associated with hemorrhagic shock.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0af26c9a11d54c8794843233063dab59", "input": "Question: Is a small p-value from an observed data evidence of adequate power for future similar-sized studies : a cautionary note?\nAnswer: Our results show that the number of zeros after the decimal point in a p-value from an observed sample cannot and should not be used to gauge the adequacy of sample size for a future study that is expected to have sufficient power to detect an effect as big as the observed.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1b794c2e3448493480a7f4be4fc960cc", "input": "Question: Does oregovomab maintenance monoimmunotherapy improve outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer?\nAnswer: Although oregovomab has demonstrated bioactivity, the strategy of monoimmunotherapy is not effective as maintenance therapy after front-line treatment of a favorable subset of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Future studies of this or other tumor-antigen specific immunization strategies should seek ways to further augment induced immunity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f53263108d684c6ca62391ff3fc40d9b", "input": "Question: Does iron supplementation affect copper and zinc absorption in breastfed infants?\nAnswer: The study does not support the contention that iron supplements inhibit the absorption of zinc or copper in healthy breastfed infants at 6-9 mo of age. In addition, we did not find any age-related changes in zinc or copper absorption between 6 and 9 mo of age.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-74674c6464eb4d7c95c7c256cb97bdd1", "input": "Question: Does proximal splenic angioembolization improve outcomes in treating blunt splenic injuries compared with splenectomy : a cohort analysis?\nAnswer: Introduction of proximal SAE in NOM of HDS splenic trauma patients with active extravasation did not alter mortality rates at a Level 1 Trauma Center. Increased incidence of ARDS and association of failure of NOM with higher splenic organ injury score identify areas for cautionary application of proximal SAE in the more severely injured trauma patient population. Better patient selection guidelines for proximal SAE are needed. Without these guidelines, outcomes from SAE will still lack transparency.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c94db2f18b444d30815c46dfa94f6746", "input": "Question: Does energy expenditure predict weight change in either Nigerian or African American women?\nAnswer: These data suggest that interindividual levels of energy expended during activity do not have a large influence on age-related trends in adiposity. In addition, contrary to expectations, these data suggest that mean activity energy expenditure does not vary substantially between contemporary social groups with low and high prevalences of obesity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2a88e3eba6d04e828976cce6d4ff946b", "input": "Question: Does ossification cause any complication when a bronchial stump is reinforced with an intercostal muscle flap?\nAnswer: Ossification of an ICM flap may be related to gender, lymph node dissection and pain after surgery. Ossification does not cause any complication after surgery when an ICM is used to reinforce bronchial stumps.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d0cbf9c07d45404895d1685de89b88d3", "input": "Question: Is bevacizumab toxic to retinal ganglion cells after repeated intravitreal injection?\nAnswer: These results suggest that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab poses no risk to retinal ganglion cells, even after repeated application.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-911c59035d6148c3a7dc7d04f581d8df", "input": "Question: Do magnitude of CD8 T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus and severity of hepatitis necessarily determine outcomes in acute hepatitis C virus infection?\nAnswer: HCV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses were detectable in all 6 patients with acute HCV infection, and 6 novel HCV-specific CTL epitopes were identified. Acute HCV infection can resolve with detectable HCV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, but without development of antibody against HCV.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a0b5bf0e5f9845e5a8fa8c13c959b622", "input": "Question: Is dehydroepiandrosterone anti-atherogenesis effect via its conversion to estrogen?\nAnswer: The anti-atherosclerotic effect of DHEA had nothing to do with the catalysis of cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), or was not related to its conversion to estrogen.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-08b3b8f460954234a5c8189d68377861", "input": "Question: Is a globally occurring indel polymorphism in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene associated with severity of malaria but with the positivity rate of HCV?\nAnswer: Polymorphisms in genes involved in the interferon pathway have been implicated in the resistance or susceptibility against cerebral malaria and HBV. Here we show that an indel polymorphism, which mediates a disadvantageous effect in HBV patients, may also play a disadvantageous role in HCV infections stressing the importance of a fully functional interferon pathway.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-311a187630b843699801f00e108cc527", "input": "Question: Does supplementation with cholecalciferol result in weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects?\nAnswer: Significant weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects is unlikely to occur with cholecalciferol supplementation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5f18420d7aa54fbb9d6cc993e42afdbb", "input": "Question: Is presence of the metabolic syndrome a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the sum of its components in HIV-infected individuals : data collection on adverse events of anti-HIV drugs ( D : A : D ) study?\nAnswer: The presence of the metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected individuals did not appear to increase the CVD risk over and above that conferred by the components of the syndrome separately.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0632ddbe46e441bf8ee8770d0906c8e7", "input": "Question: Is compartment syndrome of the leg in the coagulopathic , end-stage liver disease patient : Fasciotomy the best answer?\nAnswer: Fasciotomy is not always the best treatment for compartment syndrome of the leg. In certain patients, particularly in the coagulopathic, end-stage cirrhotic patient with a short life expectancy who is not a candidate for liver transplantation, fasciotomy is not indicated. Fasciotomy should be used selectively, if at all, in patient population with end-stage and terminal diseases.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-87855b1d10564c51880092a91678513a", "input": "Question: Are adrenal endothelin-1 levels associated with aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism?\nAnswer: The present data argue against the hypothesis of increased ET-1 secretion from APAs and do not support a general role for adrenal ET-1 in the vascular pathophysiology of PA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0eecbe26bf3e4bedaa0d25a5543b7fa6", "input": "Question: Is high myopia associated with the SNPs in the TGIF , lumican , TGFB1 , and HGF genes?\nAnswer: The study does not support the association of high myopia with alleles of rs2229336 in TGIF, rs3759223 in lumican, rs1982073 in TGFB1, and rs3735520 in HGF. These results provide a view contrary to those in previous reports. Reasonable criteria as well as replication should be the first priority for genetic association studies to avoid excessive expansion of false-positive results, especially for high myopia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-af0ed63624a54f57b98dc1a17c45f484", "input": "Question: Does a large multicentre analysis of CTGF -945 promoter polymorphism confirm association with systemic sclerosis susceptibility or phenotype?\nAnswer: The results do not confirm previous findings and suggest that the CTGF -945 promoter polymorphism does not play a major role in SSc susceptibility or clinical phenotype.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7034683331a04a3daa3126848d50d459", "input": "Question: Is lymphatic vessel density associated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma?\nAnswer: The results suggest that although lymphangiogenesis occurs in association with non-small cell lung carcinoma, it may not be an important factor in lymph node metastasis. In fact, there is a suggestion that the number of lymphatics that a person inherently has appears to be more important than lymphangiogenesis when it comes to the development of lymph node metastasis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-451e7be0705e4ac7862719095903e9a7", "input": "Question: Is bimodal distribution of glucose universally useful for diagnosing diabetes?\nAnswer: Deriving cut points for normal glycemia from distributions of FPG and 2-h plasma glucose does not appear to be suitable for defining diagnostic cut points for diabetes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-40c01d6b361648a3919d19224595a949", "input": "Question: Are asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency associated with decreased growth among Alaska Native children aged 7-11 years?\nAnswer: H. pylori infection is not related to growth among Alaska Native children aged 7-11 years. Growth deficiency should not be considered an indication for H. pylori therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8dc8969c488f4e98a67a9efc97dc006c", "input": "Question: Does the preemptive use of diclofenac sodium in combination with ketamine and remifentanil enhance postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecological procedures?\nAnswer: We have not found any preemptive or additive effect of diclofenac sodium with the concomitant use of ketamine.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cdda350d79bc4924a07653e9345c8117", "input": "Question: Does ondansetron reduce the shivering threshold in healthy volunteers?\nAnswer: /b>. Ondansetron appears to have little potential for facilitating induction of therapeutic hypothermia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-796eb17b68d74fa1b70b01e7dc8c9b80", "input": "Question: Is thymidine phosphorylase gene mutation a primary cause of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy ( MNGIE )?\nAnswer: TP gene mutation is not a primary cause of MNGIE, but with a mitochondrial deletion mutation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TP gene may be crucial in the pathogenesis of MNGIE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b588a08f8472404aac2d6c7e96f1a5fc", "input": "Question: Is functional variation in VEGF associated with type 2 diabetes in a United Kingdom Caucasian population?\nAnswer: This is the first large-scale study to examine the association between common functional variation in VEGF and type 2 diabetes risk. We have found no evidence that these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, shown previously to alter VEGF concentrations, are risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large UK Caucasian case-control and family-based study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aa4c36cc633949c598fd1ecae509161d", "input": "Question: Does tolerance to the therapeutic effect of tadalafil occur during 6 months of treatment : A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in men with erectile dysfunction?\nAnswer: Tadalafil treatment significantly improved SEP3 and IIEF EF domain scores. The efficacy of tadalafil, taken as needed, was maintained over a 6-month treatment period in men with ED.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b7e4117bc27d4db2bbbdc0dc37f36cd5", "input": "Question: Do small changes in thyroxine dosage produce measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms , well-being , or quality of life : results of a double-blind , randomized clinical trial?\nAnswer: Small changes in T(4) dosage do not produce measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well-being, or quality of life, despite the expected changes in serum TSH and markers of thyroid hormone action. These data do not support the suggestion that the target TSH range for the treatment of primary hypothyroidism should differ from the general laboratory range.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c26e93c23fa949ee9c3d9a6aec64d61e", "input": "Question: Are patients ' global ratings of their health care associated with the technical quality of their care?\nAnswer: Findings were limited to vulnerable elders who were enrolled in managed care organizations and may not be generalizable to other age groups or types of insurance coverage.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bfa295b0bcd344c3bbd9b9d8183416ed", "input": "Question: Is subclinical hypothyroidism in HIV-infected patients an autoimmune disease?\nAnswer: None of the investigated mechanisms are able to explain the occurrence of hypothyroidism in HIV patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy except the anti-retroviral treatment. In light of the absence of autoimmunity, the normal adenohypophysis and thyroid responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, central hypothyroidism is suspected and could explain LT4 and high TSH levels. Underlying mechanisms need further exploration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-22021e9048804d3f8758b8db1a038267", "input": "Question: Does nitrous oxide change the incidence of postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients?\nAnswer: Exposure to N(2)O resulted in an equal incidence of postoperative delirium when compared with no exposure to N(2)O.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a18d68299f824747b8b757e00e4f39d0", "input": "Question: Do indian primary hyperparathyroidism patients with parathyroid carcinoma differ in clinicoinvestigative characteristics from those with benign parathyroid pathology?\nAnswer: Indian patients with parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma were not found to differ in their clinical, biochemical, and pathological characteristics except for significantly higher tumor weight in the carcinoma group.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6e13327592bd4e3c81b45dd34c2a9866", "input": "Question: Is rNA interference involved in natural antisense mediated regulation of gene expression in mammals?\nAnswer: Collectively, our data demonstrate that NAT regulation of gene expression occurs through a pathway independent of Dicer associated RNAi. Moreover, we introduce an experimental strategy with utility for the functional examination of other S-AS pair interactions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ef788bde8e764d94b9e512e3d2b9376f", "input": "Question: Does mitral valve repair by Alfieri 's technique limit exercise tolerance more than Carpentier 's correction?\nAnswer: Alfieri's technique has the same efficiency on improvement of MR and clinical status than classical repair. Despite a higher restriction of mitral valve area at rest in group A, gradient and mean VO2 max at peak exercise were similar in both groups.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-74e6b12897a3431590e9b5c54a3efda1", "input": "Question: Is assessment of joint space narrowing with conventional standing antero-posterior radiographs : relief in mild-to-moderate pain a confounder in recent osteoarthritis structure-modifying drug trials?\nAnswer: Knee pain relief did not bias the report of a structure-modifying effect of glucosamine sulfate in two recent long-term trials, possibly due to the mild-to-moderate patient characteristics. Consensus deliverables should acknowledge that the potential limitations of conventional standing antero-posterior radiographs should not be overestimated since they may not apply to all patient populations and to all studies using this gold standard technique.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0d5a41aa01364500a521c19960878a01", "input": "Question: Does the CT-element of the c-myc gene predispose to chromosomal breakpoints in Burkitt 's lymphoma?\nAnswer: Therefore, the CT-element is not especially susceptible to the formation of breakpoints leading to chromosomal translocations in Burkitt's lymphoma.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-af5d76f476894ab298cd2f19e1899da9", "input": "Question: Does androgen-deprivation therapy impact cause-specific or overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy?\nAnswer: After brachytherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy did not have an impact on cause-specific or overall survival for any risk group; however, ADT had a beneficial effect on biochemical progression-free survival in high-risk patients. Cardiovascular disease and second malignancies far outweighed prostate cancer as competing causes of death.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3950e721af5a44f2840734e2a90ea0d0", "input": "Question: Do hemoglobin levels predict biochemical outcome for localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant androgen-suppression therapy and external-beam radiotherapy?\nAnswer: Anemia is a common side effect of NAST and is usually mild. Hb levels, however, do not predict biochemical control or survival.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-881f179f58ec462189bb3a82e28b350c", "input": "Question: Does granulocyte colony-stimulating factor affect contusion size , brain edema or cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentrations in rats following controlled cortical impact?\nAnswer: A single injection of G-CSF did not influence cortical contusion volume, brain edema, or glutamate concentrations in CSF determined 24 hours following CCII in rats. G-CSF, administered 30 minutes following experimental TBI, failed to exert neuroprotective effects.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f4f5145e64e54faaba15e4c8bede5df5", "input": "Question: Do acute treatment with the antidepressants bupropion and sertraline influence memory retrieval in man?\nAnswer: Stimulation of the central monoaminergic system with the antidepressants bupropion and sertraline did not enhance the retrieval of long-term emotional memories in man.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-53b7b3206e5e4322ac0629a7f50a862f", "input": "Question: Do montelukast and zafirlukast affect the pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C8 substrate pioglitazone?\nAnswer: Montelukast and zafirlukast do not increase the plasma concentrations of pioglitazone, indicating that their inhibitory effect on CYP2C8 is negligible in vivo, despite their strong inhibitory effect on CYP2C8 in vitro. The results highlight the importance of in vivo interaction studies and of the incorporation of relevant pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, including plasma protein binding data, to in vitro-in vivo interaction predictions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3df94bd3e17d4a2ea5546b579960f918", "input": "Question: Is tachysystole Following Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor Associated with Adverse Outcomes?\nAnswer: Tachysystole was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes when compared to women with no tachysystole during cervical ripening and induction of labor.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0ac11e25387e4a50986ce407cdaf86c1", "input": "Question: Is indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase a Pivotal Regulator Responsible for Suppressing Allergic Airway Inflammation through Adipose-Derived Stem Cells?\nAnswer: IDO did not play a pivotal role in the suppression of allergic airway inflammation through ASCs, suggesting that it is not the major regulator responsible for suppressing allergic airway inflammation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-970365e5f43142c9a395abc7076d35ee", "input": "Question: Does acute Overfeeding Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans?\nAnswer: The hepatokines and adipokines assessed were not acutely sensitive to overnutrition in healthy individuals, despite increases in markers of hepatic insulin resistance.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7e1914398c4b40e9b01afdd7b6d43a80", "input": "Question: Are hypometric anticipatory postural adjustments in dystonia affected by deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus internus?\nAnswer: Observations that APAs are impaired in dystonia and are at the same time not affected by the stimulation current are compatible with the assumption that APAs and dystonic symptoms may rely on distinct networks, possibly within the same cortical and basal ganglia structures. With no effect of stimulation on APAs it is unlikely that this would be a mechanism of impaired balance in the patients after the surgery.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fcd445b305bf4386ab02c2e014745a04", "input": "Question: Is the Genovese grading scale reliable for MR assessment of collagen meniscus implants?\nAnswer: Three of the four Genovese grading items showed only slight to moderate inter- and intra-observer reliabilities in evaluating CMI on MRI. Hence, such grading results need to be considered with all due care. Only the criteria \"bone marrow edema\" and \"meniscal extrusion\" showed a good agreement for both inter- and intra-observer reliabilities.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3324754d5cb1493ab656bf4680a2c73d", "input": "Question: Does [ TNM-Classification of localized prostate cancer : The clinical T-category correspond to the required demands ]?\nAnswer: For localized PCa there is low agreement between clinical and pathologic T category, thus, often leading to understaging. An adaptation of the T\u00a0classification of the TNM system with division into \"not palpable\" and \"palpable\" appears sufficient for a\u00a0prognostic prediction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-19ed52cb643f4eefbe17b90727c6e788", "input": "Question: Does concomitant coracoplasty during arthroscopic subscapularis repair yield better clinical outcomes and structural integrity?\nAnswer: For isolated subscapularis full-thickness tears, concomitant coracoplasty with arthroscopic repair did not produce better clinical outcomes or structural integrity than repair without coracoplasty. This suggests that concomitant coracoplasty may not be imperative during arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis full-thickness tears.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9fdadc7db0594eebaf1c476d449af9fc", "input": "Question: Is mental Illness Associated with Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening : Results from the California Health Interview Survey?\nAnswer: Unlike previous studies, this study did not find a relationship between mental illness and colorectal cancer-screening adherence. This could be due to differences in study populations. State-specific healthcare policies involving care coordination for individuals with mental illness could also influence colorectal cancer-screening adherence in California.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3c79ff55dc00451a84491b6cc51744d5", "input": "Question: Do concussion History and Time Since Concussion Influence Static and Dynamic Balance in Collegiate Athletes?\nAnswer: Collegiate athletes with a history of concussion do not present with static or dynamic balance deficits when measured using clinical assessments. More research is needed to determine whether the Y Balance Test-Lower Quarter is sensitive to acute balance deficits following concussion.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1c81b4e27fe44f72a9e0e7d87b85e557", "input": "Question: 's `` It like a fat camp '' - A focus group study of adolescents ' experiences on group-based obesity treatment?\nAnswer: Motivation may shift during a lifestyle course. Facilitating factors include achieving and experiencing positive outcomes as well as gaining autonomy support from other course participants and friends. Obstacles to change were a widespread obesogenic environment as well as feelings of guilt, little trust in personal achievements and non-supporting friends.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-10a037e137c7464aa11c3c5a843a6190", "input": "Question: Does music alter anxiety in patients with suspected lung cancer undergoing bronchoscopy : a randomised controlled trial?\nAnswer: Ten minutes with MusiCure does not alter anxiety when adjusting for baseline anxiety and sex. The current study indicates that this field of research has many confounders.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-33ea86d7d9f8499ba767e1d88afd73e5", "input": "Question: Is the Expression of Water and Ion Channels in Diffuse Alveolar Damage Dependent on DAD Etiology?\nAnswer: Water and ion channels are altered in patients with ARF due to DAD. The cause of DAD does not seem to influence the level of impairment of these channels.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d6d9be0eafc74b61b3cc870af7d51237", "input": "Question: Does cutaneous exposure to hypoxia affect skin perfusion in humans?\nAnswer: Reductions in skin-surface PO", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-defbb263258340c5a8e14e32666a9070", "input": "Question: Does robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion Show a Benefit over Open Radical Cystectomy : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials?\nAnswer: This study does not provide evidence to support a benefit for RARC compared to ORC. These results may not have inference for RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Well-designed trials with appropriate endpoints conducted by equally experienced ORC and RARC surgeons will be needed to address this.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c07d6f59466941158b6adbae351292e0", "input": "Question: Does clinical Examination Predict Response to Albuterol in Ventilated Infants With Bronchiolitis?\nAnswer: A provider's clinical assessment was not a reliable method for determining response to albuterol in children with bronchiolitis. Without assessment of pulmonary mechanics, caution should be used in classifying children with bronchiolitis as responders to albuterol.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-37111662de1a4daaaebcb9c7492243db", "input": "Question: Does septic porcine blood further activate coagulation during in vitro membrane oxygenation?\nAnswer: Septic porcine blood was not further activated due to the contact with an oxygenator, and no increased clot formation or biocompatibility problems were observed.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8d7495d3b5d444a1adee8e5c855db2b6", "input": "Question: Is your professionalism my professionalism : congruence and variance in the views of medical students and faculty about professionalism?\nAnswer: These results raised concerns in relation to the students' understanding of professionalism. It is therefore, important to enhance their learning around the attributes of medical professionalism.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1b450cc62796496986d6497b2950caf4", "input": "Question: Does a Combined Intervention of Zinc , Multiple Micronutrients , and Albendazole Ameliorate Environmental Enteric Dysfunction or Stunting in Rural Malawian Children in a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial?\nAnswer: The combined usage of albendazole, zinc, and a daily multiple micronutrient powder did not decrease EED or stunting in this population of agrarian children 12-35 mo old in rural Malawi. Alternative interventions to improve these diseases should be investigated. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02253095.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-81ff0a0890894ebea8fa59890092b389", "input": "Question: Are lateral-compartment Osteophytes Associated With Lateral-compartment Cartilage Degeneration in Arthritic Varus Knees?\nAnswer: Lateral-compartment osteophytes are not associated with biomechanically weaker cartilage or with more-advanced histologic signs of degeneration of lateral-compartment cartilage in knees with varus arthritis. Given the small sample size of 71, the study was underpowered to detect small-to-modest decreases in biomechanical properties. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the current findings.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-57e83c8ac87b4e389b11c3d050aa297d", "input": "Question: Is anemia a risk factor for developing pulmonary embolism?\nAnswer: Our data demonstrated no relationship between anemia and PE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-85c8d6331bad40598911d0a2add49470", "input": "Question: Are standard Radiographs Sufficient for Assessing Knee Mechanical Axis in Patients With Advanced Osteoarthritis?\nAnswer: Standard radiographs are not sufficient for determining MA, and HTA radiographs should be used while making surgical decisions aimed at correcting alignment to within \u00b13\u00b0 or for assessing alignment post-total knee arthroplasty. In addition, surgical alignment outcomes reported in previous research using standard radiographs should be viewed with caution.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9ebc17f874374bd9a1323b10b772fee6", "input": "Question: Does the duration of gonadotropin stimulation alter the clinical pregnancy rate in IVF or ICSI cycles?\nAnswer: The duration of stimulation does not alter the CP rate in ICSI or IVF cycles using the long, antagonist or flare stimulation protocol.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2933a8118b2648e9a77067e45738ae7e", "input": "Question: Is weight Re-Gain Linked to Success in a Real Life Multi-Day Boxing Tournament?\nAnswer: Boxers engage in acute BM loss practices before the official competition weigh-in but this does not appear to affect competition outcomes, at least when weight re-gain between weigh-in and fighting is used as a proxy for the magnitude of acute loss. While boxers recognise the importance of recovering after weigh-in, current practice is not aligned with best practice guidance.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-38bad8e8bfd740ae98a7b792fb850e87", "input": "Question: Is obesity a descriptive factor for oxidative stress and viscosity in follicular fluid of in vitro fertilization patients?\nAnswer: In our study, we found no difference in the levels of follicular oxidative and anti-oxidative markers or the follicular fluid viscosity with changing BMI values. We also demonstrated that the levels of oxidative stress markers and the viscosity of follicular fluid did not affect clinical outcomes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-838851b87c984ddfa1b85fb482e3ae81", "input": "Question: Are mutations of Two Major Coagulation Factors Associated with Male Infertility?\nAnswer: An association of the two common thrombophilia-related mutations with male infertility was not observed in this preliminary study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d22f2608df394b97b9d6e8ef81b7b53a", "input": "Question: Is the Wear Rate of Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Total Hip Replacement Increased by Large Articulations : A Randomized Controlled Trial?\nAnswer: The wear rate of a larger 36-mm metal-on-XLPE articulation between 1 and 3 years following primary total hip arthroplasty was low and no greater than that of a 28-mm articulation. However, before a 36-mm metal-on-XLPE articulation is widely recommended, particularly in young active patients, long-term wear rates and association between wear and periprosthetic osteolysis should be determined.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-580bfb7847724163bfc242274285c360", "input": "Question: Does renal Interlobar Vein Impedance Index as a First-Trimester Marker Predict Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy?\nAnswer: The maternal renal interlobar vein impedance index should not be considered a first-trimester marker of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c26c154f16a04718bd8ef21637f5dca5", "input": "Question: Does inadvertent Splenectomy During Resection for Colorectal Cancer Increase Long-term Mortality in a Propensity Score Model : A Nationwide Cohort Study?\nAnswer: This study was limited by its retrospective study design and lack of detailed information on postoperative complications.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f2005f57c9da41dcbe823e2d9681413b", "input": "Question: Does fish oil supplementation lower plasma cholesterol in men with hypercholesterolemia . Results of a randomized , placebo-controlled crossover study?\nAnswer: Fish oil supplements do not lower plasma cholesterol levels in middle-aged men with hypercholesterolemia without elevated triglycerides. They should not be recommended as a method to lower plasma cholesterol in these patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c1f939cf4ede4617a03e813a07bba03d", "input": "Question: Does survival improve when therapeutic hypothermia is added to post-cardiac arrest care?\nAnswer: There was no improvement in survival rates when hypothermia was added to standard therapy in this case series, as compared to standard therapy alone. The time at target temperature may be of relevance. We need better evidence in order to expand the recommendations for hypothermia after CA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7109ed5ea98541beaa0e1948ce8e29b4", "input": "Question: Is decompressive hemi-craniectomy necessary to rescue supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients : consecutive single-center experience?\nAnswer: Decompressive craniectomy is not necessary for rescue in ICH if the hematoma can be removed completely.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bfbc503032134393bea6fe26ddea8aa1", "input": "Question: Does tissue expression of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein correlate with histological or clinical features in patients with chronic hepatitis C?\nAnswer: This HCV-NS3 immunohistochemical staining method was reliable for detecting HCV in liver specimens. Hepatocyte expression of HCV-NS3 was not correlated with the serum viral load, severity of hepatic injury, or treatment response.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-78af666548a84d77934fecd34720e421", "input": "Question: Does the submucosal cushion improve the histologic evaluation of adenomatous colon polyps resected by snare polypectomy?\nAnswer: The utilization of IAP did not result in a better margin evaluability of the resected polyp. Overall, IAP does not result in a better histologic polyp evaluability.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-bb379f7a3c454b04afea79bde1e1d534", "input": "Question: Does chemotherapy-induced neutropenia correlate with DNA repair gene polymorphisms and treatment efficacy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients?\nAnswer: RDI was significantly higher in patients who did not develop neutropenia during treatment, but as the nadir period was not explored in our study, the low occurrence of neutropenia in our cohort is considered underestimated. There was no significant survival difference with respect to grade of neutropenia. Finally, none of the examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the presence of neutropenia, disease characteristics, response rates, or survival.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cbe60aa4469c4b17a930042663d02497", "input": "Question: Is apomixis prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps?\nAnswer: The occurrence of apomixis is not correlated to high altitudes, and cannot be readily explained by selective forces due to environmental conditions. The investigated species have probably other adaptations to high altitudes to maintain reproductive assurance via sexuality. We hypothesize that shifts to apomixis are rather connected to frequencies of polyploidization than to ecological conditions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5ded6bd92c994ac794edad40d896ac2c", "input": "Question: Does minimal hepatic encephalopathy impair health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis : a prospective study?\nAnswer: Minimal HE does not affect HRQoL.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c289a68a4e9d496fbd410669875d7e5d", "input": "Question: Does lung-protective mechanical ventilation protect against acute kidney injury in patients without lung injury at onset of mechanical ventilation?\nAnswer: In the present study in critically patients without ALI at onset of mechanical ventilation, lower tidal volume ventilation did not reduce the development or worsening of AKI compared with conventional tidal volume ventilation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3a1948ac287443768dbe064e659bed05", "input": "Question: Are cerebrospinal fluid \u03b2-amyloid and tau associated with risk of delirium : a prospective cohort study in older adults with hip fracture?\nAnswer: Cognitive impairment predisposes to delirium, but in this study, postoperative delirium was not associated with baseline CSF A\u03b21-42, tau, and Ptau levels. These findings suggest that CSF markers for plaque and tangle formation are not strongly associated with delirium risk in older adults with hip fracture.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7bf889f0580a4b86af55fac2b1312d8a", "input": "Question: Does treatment of Cultured Sebocytes with an EGFR Inhibitor Lead to Significant Upregulation of Inflammatory Biomarkers?\nAnswer: EGFR inhibitors and EGFR ligands do not provoke the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in cultured sebocytes. The role of the sebaceous glands in EGFR inhibitor-induced acneiform eruption should be investigated more thoroughly.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8a608df6eb3746cf9265fae41d8e1b2b", "input": "Question: Are the receptors for gibbon ape leukemia virus and amphotropic murine leukemia virus downregulated in productively infected cells?\nAnswer: A-MLV or GALV receptors remain on the surface of chronically infected cells and are detectable by respective antibodies, indicating that these receptors are not downregulated in these infected cells as previously proposed. We were also able to detect viral envelope proteins on the infected cell surface and infected cells are unable to bind soluble A-MLV or GALV envelopes indicating that receptor binding sites are masked by endogenously expressed A-MLV or GALV viral envelope. However, receptor masking does not completely prevent A-MLV or GALV superinfection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-34365250050a422b941d3d2a28491975", "input": "Question: Is genetic variation in the interleukin-28B gene associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and known date of infection?\nAnswer: In HCV patients with a known date of infection, IL28B genotype was not associated with fibrosis progression rate or with the risk of developing advanced liver fibrosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7887d9d31ca448a191a842d73e36dfbd", "input": "Question: Do general physicians take adequate travel histories?\nAnswer: There needs to be better awareness and education about travel-related illness and the importance of taking an adequate travel history.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e53a912909634ff7ba1c242b4988cda6", "input": "Question: Does clinical examination assist in the detection of systemic relapse of testicular germ cell tumour?\nAnswer: We suggest that, for patients following a planned programme of appointments and investigations, physical examination rarely contributes to the detection of systemic relapse in the follow-up of testicular germ cell tumours. It may therefore be possible to reconfigure follow-up to focus on investigations and telephone contact. We estimate that this change might be appropriate for 40% of attendances and might be welcomed by patients, many of whom find follow-up burdensome. If such a change were considered, patient education would be essential to ensure continuing compliance with the follow-up protocol.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-13bf79a22cdc41a994ef2503a8c8b872", "input": "Question: Does oral citrulline affect whole body protein metabolism in healthy human volunteers : results of a prospective , randomized , double-blind , cross-over study?\nAnswer: In healthy, well nourished volunteers, oral citrulline increases plasma citrulline and arginine availability but does not affect whole-body protein kinetics in the post-absorptive state.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-91c93120cdf245d0b2da56dad3aff135", "input": "Question: Are patients with borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder distinguishable by their neuropsychological performance : a case-control study?\nAnswer: These data did not support the notion of specific neuropsychological profiles in BPD and MDD. Future research needs to clarify the overlap of symptoms between both disorders.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-daee7080c8654997835bd518460e4e1e", "input": "Question: Does right ventricular lead positioning influence the benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation?\nAnswer: In this randomized controlled study, the exact RV pacing site, either apex or outflow tract, did not influence the benefits of CRT in a group of patients with chronic heart failure and AF. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00457834.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1eb6e83a7c90400694526559d9d7fcc8", "input": "Question: Is hydrogen peroxide production primarily increased in human myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects?\nAnswer: Our result indicates that the ROS production is not primarily increased in diabetic myotubes but rather is reduced. Moreover, the comparable ATP/H(2)O(2) ratios indicate that the reduced ROS production in diabetic myotubes parallels the reduced ATP production because ROS production in diabetic myotubes must be considered to be in a proportion comparable to lean. Thus, the increased ROS production seen in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients is an adaptation to the in vivo conditions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4fe63e06d7184d9f9b7f2d296bc4bf78", "input": "Question: Does relaxin rescue coronal suture fusion in craniosynostotic rabbits?\nAnswer: These data do not support our initial hypothesis that the use of relaxin may rescue sutures destined to undergo premature suture fusion. These findings suggest that collagen fiber arrangement may not be important for suture fusion. This protein therapy would not be clinically useful for craniosynostosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9cb64d625aa145fbb2caf9968917759a", "input": "Question: Does isotretinoin prolong QT intervals and QT dispersion in patients with severe acne : a surprising finding for a drug with numerous side effects?\nAnswer: In patients with severe acne, six months of 0.8 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin therapy neither prolongs QT interval, nor increases QT dispersion. This effect is not related to blood lipids, homocysteine or lipoprotein (a) levels. Our findings indicate that from the point of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia risk, 0.8 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin therapy is a safe choice in acne treatment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-94508924b2bc4c67a01e0a7bfbaf433e", "input": "Question: Does monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance affect outcomes in patients undergoing solid organ transplants?\nAnswer: In conclusion, routine testing for MGUS before transplantation is not prognostic nor a contraindication to transplant, and therefore, it is not recommended.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2550ea97e5c64842b87b7c2dcb2a5e29", "input": "Question: Does nontargeted rapid human immunodeficiency virus screening provided by dedicated personnel adversely affect emergency department length of stay?\nAnswer: Human immunodeficiency virus screening using an additional staff model has no clinically significant effect on the overall LOS for discharged patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-439f0d65cd334913aea3e92c81b9b9dd", "input": "Question: Do aging , COPD , and other risk factors explain the increased prevalence of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex in Ontario?\nAnswer: Although population aging appears to be a major risk factor, the increase in pMAC disease in Ontario could be only partly explained by aging, increases in COPD, HIV, solid organ transplantation, and TNF-\u03b1 inhibition therapy. The increase in pMAC is likely multifactorial and may be affected by environmental or pathogen factors not addressed in this study.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f5b7bf6d956a4dc5a43cc4ad984674a1", "input": "Question: Does the presence of functionally relevant toll-like receptor polymorphisms significantly correlate with development or outcome of sepsis?\nAnswer: None of the investigated SNPs clearly predicted outcome of sepsis-related multiorgan failure. TLR2-R753Q SNP may be a useful marker to identify patients with high risk to develop infections at ICU admission but should be validated in larger studies. Future SNP-arrays investigating predisposition for infection should include this SNP alone or in combination with other functionally relevant SNPs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-20f09e50773f46559cf59fdcbbffa09a", "input": "Question: Does oral tolerance induction resolve gastrointestinal inflammation in a mouse model of food allergy?\nAnswer: Our mouse model would be useful to investigate inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms in food-induced intestinal allergies. Our results suggest potential gastrointestinal inflammation in patients undergoing OIT as continuous administration of allergenic foods, even though the therapy may induce clinical tolerance.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5e9f76240af047a0b1a7fe445af11223", "input": "Question: Does bias flow affect ventilation during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a pediatric animal model of acute lung injury?\nAnswer: Changes in bias flow during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation did not affect ventilation. Further clinical investigation is ongoing in infants and children with acute lung injury being managed with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation to assess the impact of alterations of bias flow on gas exchange, cardiopulmonary parameters, sedation requirements, and other clinical outcomes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-53220cf56f48407d8ee79b11d1d5c722", "input": "Question: Does dexmedetomidine produce vasocontraction on human isolated gastroepiploic artery?\nAnswer: There was a synergistic effect between supraclinical doses of dexmedetomidine and vasopressin on the degree of contraction in isolated human gastroepiploic arteries. However, a sedative dose of dexmedetomidine (clinical dose: 0.2-0.7 \u00b5g/kg/hr, plasma concentration: 0.36-1.25 ng/ml) did not enhance vasopressin induced-contraction in isolated human gastroepiploic arteries.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6e03152362ef424cbbf581244cdfa7ca", "input": "Question: Are common polymorphisms in human lysyl oxidase genes associated with the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis phenotype?\nAnswer: Despite suggestive evidence in model organisms, common variants and known coding SNPs in the five human lysyl oxidase genes do not confer increased genotypic risk for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The above methodology does not address rare variants or individually private mutations in these genes, and future research may focus on this area.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fdf7f9d687d04e28aa82f0ab8a949eb6", "input": "Question: Do activity counts from accelerometers add value to energy expenditure predictions in sedentary overweight individuals during weight loss interventions?\nAnswer: RT3 accelerometers are not sensitive to body composition changes and do not explain variation in TEE of overweight and obese individuals in a sedentary environment.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2981093305164bdbaa543ec4eacc4ece", "input": "Question: Is vitamin D deficiency in septic patients at ICU admission a mortality predictor?\nAnswer: In our cohort, septic patients showed a significantly lower vitamin D level than trauma patients in comparison to age cohort patients with the same demographic/clinical characteristics, but no clear relationship between vitamin D level and outcome was found. Further studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the prognostic role of vitamin D and nutraceutical interventions in critically ill patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8ebc899102d04b5f8c93e5cd874821db", "input": "Question: Is subcutaneous injection of liquid and foamed polidocanol : extravasation responsible for skin necrosis during reticular and spider vein sclerotherapy?\nAnswer: This experimental study shows that extravasation of polidocal in usual circumstances of sclerotherapy of spider and reticular veins cannot be a significant cause of cutaneous necrosis rarely observed in this setting. It is particularly true for the foamed polidocanol where 1% strength seems safe if injected extravascularly in volumes up to 0.5 mL.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1f90f244446f45949410e16c2fd78709", "input": "Question: Is alcohol sclerosing therapy an effective treatment for interdigital neuroma?\nAnswer: Alcohol sclerosing therapy administered in the clinic setting without alcohol is not an effective treatment in the nonoperative management of painful interdigital neuromas and has been abandoned in our clinic.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a4a6142e65324144bb82653e3f29465a", "input": "Question: Does p-glycoprotein modulation by valspodar and cyclosporin increase tumor uptake of doxorubicin administered via isolated lung perfusion to rats bearing sarcoma lung metastases?\nAnswer: P-gp modulation with cyclosporin or valspodar fails to increase the tumor uptake of doxorubin administered by A-ILP. Other reasons for low doxorubicin penetration in tumor, such as high interstitial fluid pressure or tumor vasculature barrier, or alternate cell membrane drug transporters, need to be examined for a better understanding of impaired doxorubicin delivery to tumor.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2c322064b8294f36a8ee21c17b72b4f6", "input": "Question: Do thiopurine methyl-transferase activity and azathioprine metabolite concentrations predict clinical outcome in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients?\nAnswer: Our results do not support determination of TPMT activity or 6TGN concentrations to predict treatment outcome, and no useful serum metabolites threshold value to adjust the drug's dose was identified.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-85c3c630724649559f5094edfc2ecd19", "input": "Question: Is henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura in adults uncommon in elderly patients with an adverse prognosis?\nAnswer: The data indicate that renal manifestation of HSP in the elderly is severe and its outcome relatively poor, and worsens when compared to patients < 60 years.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1b1c90c83a64460cb2c0a64456fea082", "input": "Question: Does addition of AEG35156 XIAP antisense oligonucleotide in reinduction chemotherapy improve remission rates in patients with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia in a randomized phase II study?\nAnswer: The addition of AEG35156 to reinduction chemotherapy was well tolerated but did not improve rates of remission. Therefore alternative therapeutic strategies should be explored in patients with AML refractory to induction chemotherapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a84d79eb71444f299055973bd14a0ca7", "input": "Question: Does angiotensin II acutely regulate conduction velocity in rat atrial tissue?\nAnswer: Ang II does not acutely regulate CV in tissue preparations from the free wall of the left atria or the left auricle. Although ventricular MI reduces CV, this does not sensitize the atria to Ang II.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6ccd0f585c4d44949329020c0964bfb0", "input": "Question: Is breastfeeding related to postpartum relapses in multiple sclerosis?\nAnswer: In our sample, postpartum relapses were predicted only by relapses before and during pregnancy. Therefore, the reported association between breastfeeding and a lower risk of postpartum relapses may simply reflect different patient behavior, biased by the disease activity. Our results can assist neurologists facing the breastfeeding issue in mother counseling and shared decision-making. Especially, among patients with high risk of postpartum relapses, breastfeeding may not be feasible and early postpartum treatment should be an option.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6b2b9c6fb81a4a11bf3a4cc2a30b2695", "input": "Question: Does a positive fluid balance deteriorate tissue metabolism during fluid resuscitation of sepsis?\nAnswer: Fluid resuscitation results in positive fluid balance in both septic and control animals. This leads to circulatory stabilization of septic animals, but not a decrease in the anaerobic share of glycolysis. A positive fluid balance in control animals does not result in alteration of muscular aerobic glycolysis. Decreasing glycerol levels in both groups give evidence that a positive fluid balance does not exert a negative impact on cell metabolism.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4923462839c44023be0fc553099c60a0", "input": "Question: Does clinical teaching site affect test performance in an emergency medicine clerkship?\nAnswer: This study found no evidence that clerkship site affected final exam score. Academic EM clerkships may consider partnering with other hospitals for clinical experiences without compromising education.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8f18dd84f679407abbf0d4eb1068687b", "input": "Question: Are serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and inhibin B concentrations useful predictors of ovarian response during ovulation induction treatment with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?\nAnswer: The lack of change in AMH and inhibin B concentrations suggest that follicle dynamics during low-dose stimulation seem different from those during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In addition, constant AMH and inhibin B levels suggest that neither AMH nor inhibin B is an accurate marker of ovarian response after low-dose gonadotropin OI in patients with PCOS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-30631f7d29f140d4a544527268e7f385", "input": "Question: Does gastric cancer growth control by BEZ235 in vivo correlate with PI3K/mTOR target inhibition but with [ 18F ] FLT uptake?\nAnswer: In conclusion, in vivo sensitivity of gastric cancer xenografts to BEZ235 did not correlate with in vitro antiproliferative activity or in vivo PI3K/mTOR target inhibition by BEZ235. In contrast, [(18)F]FLT uptake was linked to BEZ235 in vivo sensitivity. Noninvasive [(18)F]FLT PET imaging might qualify as a novel marker for optimizing future clinical testing of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6469ad7e338d4cc9a945bc442bcfc36d", "input": "Question: Does lack of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in mice affect hallmarks of the inflammatory/immune response during the first week after stroke?\nAnswer: We conclude that MIF does not affect major components of the inflammatory/immune response during the first week after experimental stroke. Based on present and previous evidence, we propose that the deleterious MIF-mediated effects in stroke depend primarily on an intraneuronal and/or interneuronal action.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5d6c9c96a8e243c6906b7d7787274caa", "input": "Question: Does voluntary exercise ameliorate context memory and hyperarousal in a mouse model for post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD )?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that running as a model for intervention does not ameliorate contextual aversive learning but has the potency to change emotional behaviours.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6d8748d4b19045b483fac2fa78cf9d46", "input": "Question: Does empiric , broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with an aggressive de-escalation strategy induce gram-negative pathogen resistance in ventilator-associated pneumonia?\nAnswer: In our SICU, early, empiric broad-spectrum VAP therapy followed by de-escalation to pathogen-specific agents did not alter antimicrobial resistance and is a valid practice. Further, our compliance with de-escalation practices was higher than published rates.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7101cccf481e4523ade6536fdd1c6f47", "input": "Question: Does percutaneous radiofrequency ablation affect glomerular filtration rate?\nAnswer: A single application of pRFA does not affect GFR in the short or intermediate term.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e73f8267df754de49bd0524279f6ceb1", "input": "Question: Are anopheline and culicine mosquitoes repelled by surfaces treated with the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana?\nAnswer: Our results indicate that mineral-oil formulations of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were not repellent against the mosquito species tested. Therefore, both fungi are suitable candidates for the further development of tools that aim to control host-seeking or resting mosquitoes using entomopathogenic fungi.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2bc0ac8e4a6e40278f777579a9ee6fb6", "input": "Question: Is the cytoplasmic location of chicken mx the determining factor for its lack of antiviral activity?\nAnswer: The chicken Mx protein (Asn631) lacks inhibitory effects against THOV and NDV, and is unable to suppress influenza replication when artificially re-localised to the cell nucleus. Thus, the natural cytoplasmic localisation of the chicken Mx protein does not account for its lack of antiviral activity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-39afbfc4ebec41a896363e09a0164f76", "input": "Question: Does isotretinoin induce insulin resistance in patients with acne?\nAnswer: Three months of isotretinoin treatment did not change insulin sensitivity in patients with AV. Further studies with insulin resistance models may even reveal an improvement in insulin resistance, as experimental animal studies have previously shown.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d21e28a087c84ecb9bbb2cf834c06fe4", "input": "Question: Does serotonin1A receptor deletion interact with maternal separation-induced increases in startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition deficits?\nAnswer: Serotonin(1A) receptor deletion does not enhance vulnerability to the effects of MS on startle plasticity. The life-long increase in startle reactivity and PPI deficit induced by MS are strain-dependent. Further, the use of startle reactivity and plasticity may have added value in translational studies relating to early life stress.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1f9d6ff78ddc4fb5b76b1dfc1d675256", "input": "Question: Is cerebellar Purkinje cell loss pathognomonic of essential tremor?\nAnswer: Our study militates against the hypothesis that PC loss is pathognomonic of ET.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-42e00537bbf5436e97119d4a5674e11c", "input": "Question: Are rates of screening colonoscopy increased when women are offered a female endoscopist in a health promotion outreach program?\nAnswer: SCO was offered through an outreach program rather than through in-clinic referrals. The study used a nonrandomized trial comparison group.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-da6a812ed4d24b88986bc900fd0ef6c4", "input": "Question: Does allergic inflammation impact chemical-induced carcinogenesis in the lungs of mice?\nAnswer: Allergic inflammation does not impact chemical-induced carcinogenesis of the airways. These findings suggest that not all types of airway inflammation influence lung carcinogenesis and cast doubt on the idea of a mechanistic link between asthma and lung cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9c47a5f286fd4800b27fc00f679273f7", "input": "Question: Does expression of RAD51 , BRCA1 and P53 correlate with cellular radiosensitivity of normal human fibroblasts?\nAnswer: We conclude that measurement of protein expression of the three tested genes (RAD51, BRCA1 and p53) did not reflect sensitivity of normal fibroblasts to IR.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6ef09ea5935140acadb2780cbd597620", "input": "Question: Does ingestion of broccoli sprouts improve endothelial function in humans with hypertension?\nAnswer: Daily ingestion of 10 g dried broccoli sprouts does not improve endothelial function in the presence of hypertension in humans.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-49c5b273e6dc4f8da956e031c36b1525", "input": "Question: Does prolonged antibiotic treatment prevent intra-abdominal abscesses in perforated appendicitis?\nAnswer: Prolonged use of antibiotics after surgery for perforated appendicitis in children based on serum CRP does not reduce postoperative abscess formation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-98d20c2efb654fc79a999c1cb9e7dd29", "input": "Question: Does resident participation affect surgical outcomes , despite introduction of new techniques?\nAnswer: In the context of this single surgical operation, resident participation does not substantially affect major complication rates. The common residency training paradigm provides clinical experience and supervision without necessarily impacting patient safety. Analysis of additional operations in different settings will be necessary.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c2368b63c1e64c6089ba32bba382847c", "input": "Question: Is the reliability of methionine challenge test affected by a deficiency in pyridoxal phosphate , folic acid , or cobalamin?\nAnswer: Abnormal methionine challenge test results cannot be explained by a deficiency in pyridoxal phosphate, folic acid, or cobalamin. We demonstrate that, when women are tested 3 months postpartum, the methionine challenge test is reliable for demonstrating hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for vascular-related complications of pregnancy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6b686278c3e04742b7271e6de8402cdd", "input": "Question: Do maternal Nrf2 and gluthathione-S-transferase polymorphisms modify associations of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure with asthma and lung function in school-aged children?\nAnswer: This study confirms a detrimental effect of intrauterine tobacco smoke exposure on childhood lung function but no strong evidence of modification by maternal genotype for important antioxidant genes. Adverse effects of fetal exposure to tobacco smoke on the respiratory health of children may be mediated by pathways other than oxidative stress.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cbe4b47aac0247119f9e28f96994e257", "input": "Question: Does adaptive support ventilation with protocolized de-escalation and escalation accelerate tracheal extubation of patients after nonfast-track cardiothoracic surgery?\nAnswer: Compared with standard ASV, weaning of patients after nonfast-track coronary artery bypass graft using ASV with protocolized de-escalation and escalation does not shorten time to tracheal extubation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-55857a895cda4e1b95a5eaec1f0e9adc", "input": "Question: Do induction pegylated interferon alfa-2a and high dose ribavirin increase SVR in heavy patients with HCV genotype 1 and high viral loads?\nAnswer: In patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who are difficult to treat (high viral load, body weight \u226585 kg), a 12-week induction regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a and/or higher-dose ribavirin is not more effective than the standard regimen.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d7333f868bc14c589e160f29b0e696a6", "input": "Question: Are promoter methylation and large intragenic rearrangements of DPYD implicated in severe toxicity to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients?\nAnswer: Our results indicate that DPYD promoter methylation and large intragenic rearrangements do not contribute significantly to the development of 5-FU severe toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients, supporting the need for additional studies on the mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility to severe 5-FU toxicity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0c79a6ac02c54fdf951a7c2d87331650", "input": "Question: Is mild alcohol consumption associated with increased fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C?\nAnswer: Mild alcohol use does not seem to adversely affect the severity of fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e65e4b3ccbfd4e47b528938bf82e50ac", "input": "Question: Is insertion torque a good predictor of pedicle screw loosening after spinal instrumentation : a prospective study in 8 patients?\nAnswer: In this unique human in-vivo study, the insertion torque could not be used to predict the purchase of lumbar pedicle screws one year after implantation. It could be demonstrated that in vivo insertion torque alone is of minor value to estimate pullout strength, and should be combined with or replaced by more accurate measures.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5d44e04d853f45b29beba49a40afdb9b", "input": "Question: Do high levels of retinal docosahexaenoic acid protect photoreceptor degeneration in VPP transgenic mice?\nAnswer: High levels of retinal docosahexaenoic acid do not protect mice expressing the VPP rhodopsin mutation from retinal degeneration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-81ed9e1564ad4ceda2ba9b82d569bb99", "input": "Question: Does prophylactic tetracycline diminish the severity of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) inhibitor-induced rash : results from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group ( Supplementary N03CB )?\nAnswer: Although previous studies suggest otherwise, this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study did not find that tetracycline lessened rash incidence or severity in patients who were taking EGFR inhibitors.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-343883b2811c41acb7edd14208718e0f", "input": "Question: Is multivitamin use associated with cancer recurrence or survival in patients with stage III colon cancer : findings from CALGB 89803?\nAnswer: Multivitamin use during and after adjuvant chemotherapy was not significantly associated with improved outcomes in patients with stage III colon cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f6b87ae9aab1450f9c6c91f7aa64cd7b", "input": "Question: Does ethmoid histopathology predict olfactory outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery?\nAnswer: Patients with severe olfactory dysfunction were more likely to have mucosal eosinophilia and BM thickening on ethmoid histopathological examination compared with normosmic patients. The presence of specific histological inflammatory findings did not, however, predict olfactory improvement after surgery.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c0b8fb8edfc143d6bcabfc12bf940097", "input": "Question: Does tumor invasion of extralobar soft tissue beyond the hilar region affect the prognosis of surgically resected lung cancer patients?\nAnswer: Tumor invasion of the soft tissue beyond hilar region would not be a prognostic factor in patients who have undergone curative resection for primary lung cancer, although investigation of larger number of cases will be needed to confirm the validity of our conclusion.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-be2a58615d86475f8c8720754b80df3e", "input": "Question: Does specialist medication review benefit short-term outcomes and net costs in continuing-care patients?\nAnswer: specialist geriatric assessment and medication review in hospital continuing care resulted in a reduction in medication use, but at a significant cost. No benefits in hard clinical outcomes were demonstrated. However, qualitative benefits and lower costs may become evident over longer periods.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-774af9cf5faa45ca8f41ed3a87b9ce8e", "input": "Question: Does intense implementation of a strict insulin infusion protocol guarantee postoperative glycemic control?\nAnswer: The SCIP 6:00 AM blood sugar metric does correlate with average blood sugar on POD 1. Compliance with SCIP 6:00 AM blood sugar measurement is a valid surrogate for GC, though duration of hyperglycemia was still 14% in the compliant group. Use of an IIP does not guarantee GC, despite increased intensity of its application. Even intense use of an IIP may be ineffective when it fails to account for patient risk factors for hyperglycemia.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7c91f678c3c044a1bff320365f6f0f01", "input": "Question: Do residents ' practices and perceptions about resuscitate orders and pronouncing death : an opportunity for clinical training?\nAnswer: Although most residents discuss DNR status with patients and families, only a quarter are observed in such discussions by attending physicians and only a third feel comfortable with this aspect of clinical care. Developing a structured residency program curriculum to address resident skills in end-of-life care would benefit residency training.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-18f9ecc32cf34339b22a8910fb2c50dd", "input": "Question: Is expression of thymidine phosphorylase in peripheral blood cells of breast cancer patients increased by paclitaxel?\nAnswer: TP in peripheral mononuclear blood cells was hardly regulated under therapy with paclitaxel. Therefore, no increased haematotoxicity due to TP upregulation is expected from the combination of taxanes and capecitabine.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-74179609ce6c4432b6e16d6e44f39800", "input": "Question: Does insulin regulate glucose transport and metabolism in human endothelium?\nAnswer: Insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis and Akt phosphorylation in human smooth muscle cells. In human micro- and macrovascular endothelial cells, insulin, however, failed to affect glucose uptake and metabolism under all experimental conditions applied, whereas it increased Akt phosphorylation and eNOS expression.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d3f2cef53add4ca497bfc024d5e06a33", "input": "Question: Is relapse risk after autologous transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma related with infused tumor cell load and the outcome is not improved by CD34+ cell selection : long term follow-up of an EBMT phase III randomized study?\nAnswer: Despite significant tumor cell reduction, CD34+ selection does not reduce RR and increases the risk of severe post-transplant infections. There was also no difference in RR between patients in either arm who received grafts with detectable tumor cells and those receiving grafts with no detectable tumor cells, suggesting that reinfused tumor cells may not be the main cause of relapse after autologous transplant in myeloma.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-524b602c161b41eea06165dbfc0456bc", "input": "Question: Does hyperinsulinaemia during exercise suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes : a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study?\nAnswer: In patients with type 1 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions during moderate exercise did not suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations. These findings do not support the hypothesis that exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes is due to suppression of hepatic glycogen mobilisation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ef864be3d1f645ed8f9fee311a3df83d", "input": "Question: Is s100B a reliable prognostic index in paediatric TBI?\nAnswer: The role of S100B in paediatric traumatic brain injury has not been clarified yet, and the interpretation of its increase when the head trauma is associated with other injuries needs the understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms that rule its release in the systemic circulation. The levels of S100B in serum after a brain injury could be related to the mechanical discharge from a destroyed blood-brain barrier, or they could be due to the active expression by the brain, as a part of its involvement in the systemic inflammatory reaction. Early increase of this protein is not a reliable prognostic index of neurological outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury, since even very elevated values are compatible with a complete neurological recovery.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f2ebd0c1b3a54f068ffb153d223f027e", "input": "Question: Do trendelenburg position , simulated Valsalva maneuver , and liver compression alter the size of the right internal jugular vein in patients with a bidirectional Glenn shunt?\nAnswer: Position changes and enhancement maneuvers are unlikely to facilitate RIJV cannulation in BDG shunt patients presenting for Fontan procedure because these interventions do not increase RIJV CSA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b16d915f7bb94e328b3122024e744129", "input": "Question: Does muscle force up to 50 % of maximum affect cutaneous silent periods in thenar muscles?\nAnswer: CSPs prove to be robust nociceptive cutaneomuscular reflexes, which are - in contrast to previous reports - not significantly influenced by clinically easily applicable amounts of muscle force.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5cdc454b44b2440e98c65ac744d6eff7", "input": "Question: Are s100A8 , S100A9 , and the S100A8/A9 complex in circulating blood associated with prostate cancer risk-A re-evaluation study?\nAnswer: Our re-evaluation study showed that S100A8, S100A9, and the complex S100A8/A9 were less indicative than %fPSA and that they are not suitable to replace PSA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cfd8f84dbfd248328515c4c7fbc1f7c8", "input": "Question: Does homocysteine-lowering therapy affect inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: In patients with stable CAD, homocysteine-lowering therapy with B-vitamins does not affect levels of inflammatory markers associated with atherogenesis. Failure to reverse inflammatory processes, may partly explain the negative results in clinical secondary B-vitamin intervention trials.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-44ad7afd428345938a7930e9fa2e5865", "input": "Question: Are acute exercise effects on smoking withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke related to expectation?\nAnswer: Ten minutes of moderate intensity exercise can lead to reductions in desire to smoke and smoking withdrawal symptoms, which are not due to the participant's expectation of exercise effects. These findings support the use of short periods of exercise as an aid to smoking cessation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f329f1cd9c6e4240955ef4aa6c7e85d2", "input": "Question: Is cost-effectiveness of Spa treatment for fibromyalgia : general health improvement for free?\nAnswer: The temporary improvement in quality of life due to an adjuvant treatment course of spa therapy for patients with FM is associated with limited incremental costs per patient.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7a73609e642947049ec210648ba705aa", "input": "Question: Is [ Bevacizumab toxic to human anterior- and posterior-segment cultured cells ]?\nAnswer: In this study, a 10-fold concentration (compared with common clinical use) of the VEGF-blocking antibody bevacizumab had toxic effects on primary RPE. There was no toxicity for lower concentrations or toxicity to other cell types of the anterior and posterior segments. Therefore, the clinical use of bevacizumab at concentrations of 1-1.25 mg intravitreally seems to be safe.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2635ac099b7c4d3eab60f339ef5e78f3", "input": "Question: Does monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha deficiency affect angiotensin II-induced intimal hyperplasia in carotid artery ligation model?\nAnswer: These results indicate that MCP-1 or MIP-1alpha may not be essential in mediating the proliferative effects of Ang II, a major pathological changes in intimal hyperplasia in the carotid artery ligation model.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9ea23c7222964a2e80f180de780cd0f1", "input": "Question: Are laboratory indicators of mastitis associated with elevated HIV-1 DNA loads or predictive of HIV-1 RNA loads in breast milk?\nAnswer: HIV-1 DNA loads in breast milk were not increased during mastitis. Neither milk cell counts nor electrolyte concentrations were useful predictors of milk HIV-1 RNA or DNA loads for individual women.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-28a1568fe3414626aedacf2c6c8bcb93", "input": "Question: Is gastric cancer susceptibility linked to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in whites : a Nationwide Multicenter Study in Spain?\nAnswer: Our results show that, at least in some white populations, the contribution of the cytokine gene polymorphisms evaluated in this study (IL-1B, IL-1RN, IL-12p40, LTA, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-B1) to GC susceptibility may be less relevant than previously reported.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5b7237fe129b415a99085544f3a5defa", "input": "Question: Does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influence immunological HL-60 cells and neuronal PC12 cells?\nAnswer: In two mammalian cell lines rTMS treatment in a variety of exposure conditions does not influence any of the measured parameters.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-74e8eda02616497ea810bab2f6ce3b8d", "input": "Question: Is high magnesium or potassium hair accumulation associated with ischemic stroke risk reduction : a pilot study?\nAnswer: This analysis does not seem to confirm the results of the previous studies suggesting that Mg or K high levels (or their diet supplementation) might protect humans against ischemic stroke.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fc3090a79fe642ac9611ad2583d37adf", "input": "Question: Does behavioral sensitization to ethanol result in cross-sensitization to NMDA receptor antagonists?\nAnswer: These results indicate that ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization is not associated with increased behavioral sensitivity to NMDA receptor antagonists or altered sensitivity to NMDA receptor agonists. To the extent that changes in sensitivity to these ligands reflect changes in NMDA receptors, these results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that ethanol sensitization is associated with alterations in NMDA receptor-mediated processes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5123e0abc8a0412092a991610941faca", "input": "Question: Are cathepsin D serum levels a valid serum marker in renal cell carcinoma?\nAnswer: In contrast to overexpression of Cath D in primary RCC tissue, serum Cath D is not altered in RCC patients when compared with healthy volunteers. In this small cohort, Cath D serum levels did not reveal additional clinical information in patients diagnosed with a small renal mass. Further prospective multicenter studies might shed more light on the value of Cath D in the diagnostics of RCC.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3f777b6724d140e789343b6c436d56bf", "input": "Question: Is malnutrition in women with rheumatoid arthritis revealed by clinical anthropometrical measurements or nutritional evaluation tools?\nAnswer: A large proportion of in-ward RA patients had reduced FFMI. Concurrent elevation of fat mass made BMI a non-reliable tool to detect malnutrition. Of the tested clinical evaluation tools, MNA might be used as a screening instrument, but because of its low specificity it should be followed by body composition determination.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6fa9d7e4d17441499b903d362d17d21c", "input": "Question: Is biliary obstruction in gall bladder cancer sine qua non of inoperability?\nAnswer: Biliary obstruction in gall bladder cancer is not sine qua non of inoperability and resection results in meaningful prolongation of survival.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-10c89c9f7dc444099708ad9ca93e29b5", "input": "Question: Does an unstable support surface increase scapulothoracic stabilizing muscle activity during push up and push up plus exercises?\nAnswer: The unstable surface used in this study is not a sufficient condition to generate an increase in muscle activity in select scapulothoracic and glenohumeral muscles during push up exercise variations. Elevating the feet above the hands appeared to have a greater influence on shoulder stabilizing musculature amplitude than the addition of a Swiss ball.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3cfc0189337244dd93f66a98a253eafe", "input": "Question: Do calcium supplements in healthy children affect weight gain , height , or body composition?\nAnswer: There is no evidence to support the use of calcium supplementation as a public health intervention to reduce weight gain or body fat in healthy children. Although our results do not rule out an effect of dietary supplementation with dairy products on weight gain or body composition, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cb82b2a9c6f64257977ab07f3bd696ca", "input": "Question: Does mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes influence the prescription of opioids or sedatives?\nAnswer: Concerns regarding sedation requirements with use of lower V(T) are unfounded and should not preclude its use in patients with ALI/ARDS.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9fdbeb5e5b3b4b57bc99e3544ff38b5a", "input": "Question: Are mid-cycle serum levels of endogenous LH associated with the likelihood of pregnancy in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles without pituitary suppression?\nAnswer: The likelihood of clinical pregnancy is not associated with serum LH levels on day 14 of an artificial FRET cycle. Hormonal monitoring of LH levels does not yield useful information with regard to cycle management and patient prognosis, and should therefore not be conducted.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5a5759bf37f6408094cb6b3f79e3d88c", "input": "Question: Does ginseng supplementation change lactate threshold and physical performances in physically active Thai men?\nAnswer: Daily administration of 3 g of ginseng for an 8-week period did not improve LT nor did it affect physical performances. Therefore, ginseng supplementation did not exert an ergogenic property on aerobic fitness enhancement in well-fit individuals.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0a2899041b7a4f6ea82c68d820293a55", "input": "Question: Do elevated S100B levels correlate with the severity of encephalopathy during sepsis?\nAnswer: In severe sepsis, an increase in S100B does not allow the physicians to distinguish patients with severe impairment of consciousness from those with milder derangements or to prognosticate neurological recovery.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-eb40fbcea4c946cd914a6af699e6b4e2", "input": "Question: Are cCR5Delta32 and promoter polymorphisms correlated with initial virological or immunological treatment response?\nAnswer: CCR5Delta32 and promoter genotypes may not be of clinical relevance in predicting initial virological or immunological response to antiretroviral therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c3e5453195254ef3ac369188cc07d1fc", "input": "Question: Is immune function in rural Gambian children related to season of birth , birth size , or maternal supplementation status?\nAnswer: Events in early life did not predict a measurable defect in immune response within this cohort of rural Gambian children. It is possible that the early programming of immune function may be mediated through a defect in immunologic memory or early senescence rather than through impairment of early responses.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a5c40994215644e0bbad0398f2442882", "input": "Question: Are lewy bodies increased in progressive supranuclear palsy compared with normal controls?\nAnswer: In contrast to increased frequency of LB in AD, there is no apparent interaction between LB and the tau pathology in PSP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-55294d54a4824b699010024837e91e33", "input": "Question: Does hIV-2 protect against HIV-1 infection in a rural community in Guinea-Bissau?\nAnswer: There was no protective effect of HIV-2 in this population. HIV-2 cannot be regarded as a vaccine, but, instead, may be a risk factor for HIV-1 infection.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e52de4c83b9a4d26bbc050bcc3263d3f", "input": "Question: Do [ Angiogenesis and density of dendritic cells correlate with metachronous distant metastases after curative surgery of rectal carcinoma ]?\nAnswer: Angiogenesis and density of dendritic cells in rectal cancer are not prognostic factors for metachronous distant metastasis and, therefore, cannot serve as selection parameters for adjuvant therapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-632a58faa90245fb822bbd120b5e084b", "input": "Question: Are systemic ghrelin levels in subjects with growth hormone deficiency modified by one year of growth hormone replacement therapy?\nAnswer: We did not observe elevated ghrelin levels in adult GHD subjects and GH replacement therapy did not modify circulating ghrelin levels, despite significant decreases in body fat mass and percentage body fat. It is conceivable that the lack of ghrelin modifications after long-term GH therapy was due to the reduction of adiposity and insulin on one hand, and increased GH secretion on the other. However, it is still possible that systemic ghrelin is involved in the development of obesity, both in normal and GHD subjects.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a0d3a9e726b547b487fafbfffd297759", "input": "Question: Do beta-blockers before percutaneous coronary intervention attenuate postprocedural creatine kinase isoenzyme rise?\nAnswer: The results of this large observation study do not support the contention that BB use before PCI decreases myocardial injury.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c7dde60d89d84a77aa3a44a134fd4732", "input": "Question: Do genetic variants of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha promoter gene influence the development of necrotizing enterocolitis?\nAnswer: The investigated genetic variants of the TNF-alpha gene promoter region have no influence on the risk and course of NEC in VLBW infants.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-58e6eb9003fe4e948f9c8cee54404976", "input": "Question: Is perineural invasion predictive of biochemical outcome following prostate brachytherapy?\nAnswer: Our results indicate that actuarial 5-year biochemical outcomes with a prostate brachytherapy approach that utilizes generous periprostatic margins is not dependent on the presence of PNI. In addition, PNI should not be used as an independent prognosticator in determining the need for combined-modality therapy in patients undergoing prostate brachytherapy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-276e7c945267470bb509100855b4113f", "input": "Question: Does impairment of the metabolism of dipyrone in asymptomatic carriers of the hepatitis-B virus occur in rapid acetylators?\nAnswer: The effect of hepatic viral carrier state on drug metabolism may vary according to metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphism.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-5db9c72d5fe14c86872576be028b0e34", "input": "Question: Does hypertension account for the accelerated atherosclerosis and development of aneurysms in male apolipoprotein e/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double knockout mice?\nAnswer: Hypertension is not required for the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in apoE/eNOS DKO animals, and control of hypertension during a 16-week period does not prevent aortic aneurysm formation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ceefbdb21bc04dc4b034c94bc1cb6d56", "input": "Question: Are women who exposed to spermatozoa and infertile women have similar rates of stage I endometriosis?\nAnswer: From an epidemiologic point of view, stage I endometriosis is not more common in infertile women than in unselected women. However, stage II to IV endometriosis was more frequent in infertile women. Whereas a relation between stage I endometriosis and infertility seems unlikely, the relation between stages II to IV endometriosis and infertility seems possible.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-760b7017b70f4b87bcebb227919992a5", "input": "Question: Is water-miscible tocopherol superior to fat-soluble preparation for vitamin E absorption in cystic fibrosis?\nAnswer: The results in our study are consistent with those of an earlier study using the same preparation and suggest that it is not necessary to use water-miscible preparation of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in CF patients receiving modern pancreatic enzyme supplementation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-95148a09758f4f579050fcfc4c2ef52f", "input": "Question: Does total body exposure to ultraviolet radiation influence plasma levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in man?\nAnswer: On the basis of these results, the skin does not appear to contribute significantly to the levels of circulating betaE or ACTH. These data offer no support for the hypothesis that exposure to UVR leads to an increased concentration of circulating betaE, which could contribute to the feeling of well-being that often accompanies sun-bathing.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0e4518464b7a4e2285347408fa8c3943", "input": "Question: Are dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance and pancreatic adaptive response in aging rats modified by oral vanadyl sulfate treatment?\nAnswer: In both young and aging rats, particularly in the latter, hyperinsulinemia and increased in vitro insulin responsiveness to glucose were observed in response to Dex treatment, concomitant with an increase in plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, in glucocorticoid-treated animals, the beta-cell adaptive response occurred in both age groups and could possibly be mediated by increased circulating FFA; however, it was insufficient to prevent hyperglycemia in 60% of aging animals. Oral VOSO(4) administration failed to correct Dex-induced alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, although it influenced in vitro beta-cell responsiveness to stimuli in aging rats.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ccb188ab31214dc8ab18652300b76eb0", "input": "Question: Is sudden cardiac death after coronary artery bypass grafting predicted by signal-averaged ECG?\nAnswer: Signal-averaged ECG did not predict prognosis in low-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a14d6297b89e49f0b98b8fa7afb0b1d2", "input": "Question: Do why general practitioners implement evidence : qualitative study?\nAnswer: General practitioner participants seem to act as a conduit within the consultation and regard clinical evidence as a square peg to fit in the round hole of the patient's life. The process of implementation is complex, fluid, and adaptive.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8a7101c7641a4bf69a38b0de7efd9099", "input": "Question: Is postoperative analgesia different after local vs systemic administration of meloxicam in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair?\nAnswer: We showed no differences in pain scores and analgesic consumption between local and i.v. administration of meloxicam 7.5 mg during the first 24 hr after herniorrhaphy, while plasma concentration of meloxicam was lower after local administration. These results indicate a lack of difference in pain relief after concentrating meloxicam at the hernia wound or after achieving high blood levels rapidly (i.v.). Local administration of meloxicam may confer an advantage over systemic administration by eliciting lower incidences of systemic adverse effects.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3aac866307334fb8a7353dcead180b9b", "input": "Question: Do values of the bispectral index parallel the hemodynamic response to the rapid increase in isoflurane concentration?\nAnswer: BIS values decrease after a step increase in volatile agent concentration, whether or not a hyperdynamic action occurs.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6e48d2889965425faf9d306074ed9fde", "input": "Question: Does low-dose theophylline exert its anti-inflammatory effects in mild asthma through upregulation of interleukin-10 in alveolar macrophages?\nAnswer: LDT has an anti-inflammatory effect in asthma; however, this effect is not mediated via the production of IL-10 or the attenuation of GM-CSF or TNF-alpha. The mechanisms of theophylline activity remain to be determined.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ac917386cc8741ccb70bfc95ca376144", "input": "Question: Are serum lactates predictive of heart failure severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates?\nAnswer: Blood lactate remains unaffected by worsening congestive heart failure of cardiomyopathy patients and is not predictive of heart failure severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-03bd4fc57de6439d88783c87ec51ea3b", "input": "Question: Do nitric oxide synthase gene knockout mice become hypertensive during pregnancy?\nAnswer: There was no apparent increase in systolic blood pressure in any of the 3 nitric oxide synthase gene knockout strains during pregnancy compared to the wild-type control mice. This suggests that, at least in the mouse, genetic deficiency of any 1 isoform of nitric oxide synthase does not result in pregnancy-induced hypertension.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-a42dcc884af94df8922409740796e7ad", "input": "Question: Is endometriosis associated with or linked to the GALT gene?\nAnswer: The experiments reported herein provide no evidence supporting involvement of the GALT locus in the development of endometriosis.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4eb43e907f0841eabcde53e22f0e4b0a", "input": "Question: Is aortopulmonary size discrepancy a contraindication to the pediatric Ross operation?\nAnswer: We continue to offer the Ross operation to pediatric patients even when aortic annular or ascending aortic size discrepancies mandate surgical modifications.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-601b6efeb7c540a1a18b1d86338467f5", "input": "Question: Is reduction of unnecessary transfusion and intravenous fluids in severely malnourished children enough to reduce mortality?\nAnswer: Management according to the WHO protocol for severe malnutrition can reduce the need for blood and IV infusions. However, further studies are required to verify whether full implementation of the WHO protocol reduces the high case fatality in sub-Saharan hospitals.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2b0ea6c3cce648c2ad7407c60b8cf73f", "input": "Question: Does sensitization develop in utero?\nAnswer: Allergen-specific IgE in cord blood does not reflect intrauterine sensitization but seems to be the result of transfer of maternal IgE to the fetus.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d2e27c6bdd734965ad6c2b0eddb0c178", "input": "Question: Does tumor size predict risk of metastatic disease or prognosis of small renal cell carcinomas?\nAnswer: More than 85% of small solid renal tumors are renal cell carcinoma. The majority of localized small renal tumors can be cured with existing surgical approaches. However, there is a small but not insignificant risk of synchronous and metachronous metastatic disease and cancer associated death. Patients considering experimental therapies such as ablation and surveillance should be aware of this. Tumor size alone is not sufficient to distinguish renal cell carcinoma with benign behavior from aggressive small renal cell carcinoma. Survival of patients with small metastatic renal cell carcinoma is better then expected. The biology of these unique tumors should be further studied.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e06152ca00164fa2bc7a6e923d4e6ca0", "input": "Question: Is down-regulation of alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase by polyunsaturated fatty acids in hepatocytes mediated by PPARalpha?\nAnswer: The present study suggesting that the mechanism of decrease in ACMSD mRNA level by PUFA was different from that by WY-14,643, and that there would be any pathway other than PPARalpha mediated one for PUFA to regulate ACMSD expression.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9ba807b5671c46b497f1b6ce4d7d9799", "input": "Question: Is previous laparotomy a contraindication to laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for early gastric cancer?\nAnswer: There was no difference in outcome following LAG between the PSURG and NSURG groups in the present study. The PSURG patient is not contraindicated for LAG assuming careful attention is given for all operative procedures, including port insertion and dissection of intra-abdominal adhesions.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ca15723babb448868d1c894d95045b9a", "input": "Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?\nAnswer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-be2421e3e3d2463c8932991e97e340e7", "input": "Question: Does four weeks ' corticosteroid inhalation augment maximal power output in endurance athletes?\nAnswer: 4 weeks of corticosteroid or placebo inhalation in healthy, well-trained athletes did not affect maximal power output or mood state. Hence no ergogenic properties of 4 weeks' corticosteroid administration could be demonstrated, which corroborates previous studies of short-term corticosteroid administration.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e799508df94f434cbb096e5a9c6b8151", "input": "Question: Is the alpha 2C Del322-325 adrenergic receptor polymorphism associated with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in black Africans?\nAnswer: Homozygosity for the alpha 2C Del322-325 polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk for heart failure due to idiopathic DCM in black South Africans.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-318010fb5636491a91ae8c319a08530e", "input": "Question: Is iFN-alpha-2b-induced signal transduction and gene regulation in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced by a dose increase from 5 to 10 megaunits/m2?\nAnswer: These results suggest that lower doses of IFN-alpha-2b are as effective as higher doses with respect to the induction of Janus-activated kinase-STAT signal transduction and the transcription of ISGs within immune effector cells.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4db51f9ada9a40fa8157cf24550ec699", "input": "Question: Does methionine loading enhance the predictive value of homocysteine serum testing for all-cause mortality or major adverse cardiac events?\nAnswer: The presence of post-methionine hyperhomocysteinaemia did not significantly alter risk of death or MACE in patients with normal or increased fasting homocysteine levels, respectively. In conclusion, methionine loading does not improve the predictive value of homocysteine testing with regard to long-term mortality or MACE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-6695072582294c36af57509c04076264", "input": "Question: Does mK-0873 , a PDE4 inhibitor , influence the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy male volunteers?\nAnswer: In this study, in a limited number of subjects, co-administration of oral MK-0873 did not affect the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral theophylline in non-smoking healthy male subjects.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8aac352a43cb47ed80511b765ade8fe5", "input": "Question: Are interleukin 6 gene polymorphisms associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in an Italian population?\nAnswer: Our study did not confirm the association between functionally active polymorphisms in the IL6 gene and the risk of aneurysmal SAH in an Italian population. Additional studies in different populations are warranted to clarify the role of the IL6 gene in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal SAH.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-40b37eb44b9b4157858b510026400ad8", "input": "Question: Is cYP3A5 genotype associated with a higher risk of acute rejection in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant recipients?\nAnswer: We conclude that patients expressing CYP3A5 need more tacrolimus to reach target concentrations and have a lower tacrolimus exposure shortly after transplantation. This delay in reaching target concentrations, however, did not result in an increased incidence of early BPAR and therefore, genotyping for CYP3A5 is unlikely to improve short-term transplantation outcome.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2f65eb2ba3e94088affc0cdcc9602ec2", "input": "Question: Does saturation technique decrease cancer detection during followup after initial prostate biopsy?\nAnswer: Previous experience suggests that, while office based saturation prostate biopsy improves cancer detection in men who have previously undergone a negative prostate biopsy, it does not improve cancer detection as an initial biopsy technique. We now report that the false-negative rate on subsequent prostate biopsy after initial saturation prostate biopsy is equivalent to that following traditional prostate biopsy. These data provide further evidence against saturation prostate biopsy as an initial strategy.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d2cd849e043f48c194655c39248150d8", "input": "Question: Does oxytocin-ergometrine co-administration reduce blood loss at caesarean delivery for labour arrest?\nAnswer: In women undergoing caesarean delivery for labour arrest, the co-administration of ergometrine with oxytocin does not reduce intraoperative blood loss, despite apparently superior uterine contraction.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e34e7174b5984c05b1263b58683dc1fe", "input": "Question: Does phacoemulsification induce neovascular age-related macular degeneration?\nAnswer: The results indicate that cataract surgery in eyes with early AMD is not a causative factor in neovascular AMD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ef01cd68b9b9430a80f4c74830fed147", "input": "Question: Does mMP-9 protein level reflect overall MMP activity in the airways of patients with COPD?\nAnswer: MMP-9 protein but not MMP activity was higher in sputum of COPD patients compared with controls. These results suggest that MMP-9 levels may not reflect the overall MMP activity in the airways of patients with COPD suggesting a complex relationship between MMP-9 protein and activity. Further studies of MMPs in COPD should comprise activity measures in addition to protein levels.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d6b5e41b1b4e4254806523fc4c683379", "input": "Question: Do nAT1 genotypes predict response to mesalamine in patients with ulcerative colitis?\nAnswer: NAT1 genotypes do not predict response or side effects to mesalamine in patients with UC. Variations caused by non-genomic effects may be associated with the clinical response to 5-ASA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-808c67c4443f4f72a4385e90a1a7636c", "input": "Question: Are common MFRP sequence variants associated with moderate to high hyperopia , isolated microphthalmia , and high myopia?\nAnswer: Sequence variants of the MFRP gene do not appear to be associated with either the less severe forms of hyperopia, extreme forms of limited eye growth and development, or high myopia. These results indicate that the MFRP gene may not play a role in regulating ocular axial length in these phenotypes.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-15a300d1f1e9404faa903f737fb49a44", "input": "Question: Are screening tests enough to detect hemineglect?\nAnswer: Hemineglect may not be recognized with single screening tests commonly used. The use of a standard battery is recommended to improve diagnostic sensitivity in individuals with various subtypes of hemineglect.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ad14e44033704beaa5455507e4e48b1b", "input": "Question: Do postoperative sense of well-being and quality of life in breast cancer patients depend on type of primary surgery?\nAnswer: Within the first 2 years after primary surgery for breast cancer, we did not find significant differences in sense of well-being or QoL dependent on type of surgery.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-617461fa1ddc41b587a0a578119f8b6f", "input": "Question: Does restrictive left ventricular filling pattern result from increased left atrial pressure alone?\nAnswer: The restrictive filling pattern is distinguished from overfilling of a normal ventricle by a reduced and delayed E' and a shortened E deceleration time that reflect slow relaxation and increased LV stiffness.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-982e6f7d017f4e6aa7e47e2d02b84d50", "input": "Question: Are serum inhibin B and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone superior to follicle-stimulating hormone as predictors of the presence of sperm in testicular fine-needle aspiration in men with azoospermia?\nAnswer: Serum INHB and AMH, as well as their combination, are not superior to FSH as predictors of the presence of sperm in testicular FNA in men with azoospermia and should not be used for this purpose.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-4752f44fdc34493389d07a0cb11eda5a", "input": "Question: Does systemic TNF blockade modulate synovial expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients -- a prospective clinical study?\nAnswer: Pro-inflammatory HMGB1 expression during rheumatoid synovitis was not consistently influenced by TNF-blocking therapy with infliximab. This suggests that TNF is not the main inducer of extranuclear HMGB1 during synovitis and that HMGB1 may represent a TNF-independent molecule that could be considered as a possible target for future therapeutic intervention in RA.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ea14f614fabc41de9eb9ecf77c35ce25", "input": "Question: Are wedding rings a significant source of bacterial contamination following surgical scrubbing?\nAnswer: This preliminary study would suggest that a traditional band wedding ring is not a source of a bacterial load following a standard surgical scrub procedure and, as such, there is no requirement for their removal pre-operatively.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-fed4a4463a4346d48358f99dd3619352", "input": "Question: Does severe aseptic inflammation caused by long distance running ( 246 km ) increase procalcitonin?\nAnswer: This study provides strong evidence that Spartathlon, a prolonged endurance exercise resulting in severe stimulation of inflammatory mediators followed by muscle and liver damage, does not induce procalcitonin secretion. The findings cannot directly be applied to other causes of aseptic inflammation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ae8a4f73548b452ba31b8cdd8e943cd9", "input": "Question: Do hepatitis C virus structural proteins prevent human dendritic cell maturation?\nAnswer: Our results suggest that HCV structural proteins do not affect maturation of monocyte-derived DC by lipopolysaccharide. These findings are important for further studies to clarify the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection and towards the rational design of cellular vaccine approaches for immunotherapy against hepatitis C.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1522305413324e9cb5c5ee2badac6762", "input": "Question: Does inhibition of osteoclasts prevent joint ankylosis in a mouse model of spondyloarthritis?\nAnswer: These data suggest that bone erosion at the enthesis does not necessarily precede entheseal ankylosis. Therefore, these observations further support the concept that inflammation and new tissue formation in SpA are at least partially uncoupled events and may be different therapeutic targets.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c13c2aa8efd449b686ed1364dc4c1c6c", "input": "Question: Does electrical stimulation prior to delayed reinnervation enhance recovery in muscles of rats?\nAnswer: The primary factors that inhibited reinnervation and recovery following delayed reinnervation were not alleviated by the electrical stimulation during the period of muscle denervation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3a15abcfddd34d4da4fc908a0979c754", "input": "Question: Does one-month adherence in children with new-onset epilepsy : white-coat compliance occur?\nAnswer: Poor adherence seen for children with new-onset epilepsy during the first month of antiepileptic drug therapy is a cause for concern. Several demographic variables influence adherence to treatment, whereas the proximity to a clinic visit does not. Additional studies are needed to document whether this trend continues longitudinally and determine the clinical impact of poor adherence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-2394380ceda34468bbab88519fa45a8c", "input": "Question: Do systemic inflammatory changes after pulmonary vein radiofrequency ablation alter stem cell mobilization?\nAnswer: Although PV isolation by RF ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF induces a systemic inflammatory response associated with myocardial necrosis, no alterations in circulating progenitor cells were observed. Thus, isolated myocardial necrosis may not be sufficient to account for progenitor cell mobilization.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0a1fef3428eb4d7aad5425ef63a12e98", "input": "Question: Do progesterone , estrogen and pregnancy decrease colon myoelectric activity in rats : an in vivo study?\nAnswer: Pregnant rats had a statistically higher duration of maximum electric activity. If we could transpose these results to humans, this increase in duration of colon myoelectric activity could explain, in part, the slight constipation that some pregnant women have.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-e790d23fef6647e392a8f4fee6b9e411", "input": "Question: Does long-term consumption of isoflavone-enriched foods affect bone mineral density , bone metabolism , or hormonal status in early postmenopausal women : a randomized , double-blind , placebo controlled study?\nAnswer: Consumption of foods containing 110 mg/d of soy isoflavone aglycone equivalents for 1 y did not prevent postmenopausal bone loss and did not affect bone turnover in apparently healthy early postmenopausal white women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00301353.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9157044d280646e187281cd077b864ec", "input": "Question: Does cD 56 staining in liver biopsies help in differentiating extrahepatic biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal cholestasis?\nAnswer: Despite findings of previous studies, we have shown that CD56 staining can not help as an ancillary test in differential diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis and perhaps other markers should be tested in this regard.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3a0d2cfc07a345bd8cf4f6919e65e177", "input": "Question: Is the peripheral analgesic effect of meperidine in reducing propofol injection pain naloxone-reversible?\nAnswer: The peripheral analgesic effect of meperidine in reducing propofol injection pain is not mediated by its opioid activity.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aa62d31c8cc2446e95f0d53aa08c63da", "input": "Question: Is acute pulmonary exacerbation associated with increased energy expenditure in children with cystic fibrosis?\nAnswer: These data suggest that an acute pulmonary exacerbation is not associated with an increase above a subject's baseline REE in children with cystic fibrosis with mild to moderate lung disease. Management of an acute pulmonary exacerbation should be associated with sustained improvement in pulmonary function and nutritional status; in contrast, weight loss or failure to improve pulmonary function should be seen as atypical.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-1e9f88bcd6e1408bb6aeb091229bcb8e", "input": "Question: Is bedside troponin T testing useful for early out-of-hospital diagnosis of myocardial infarction?\nAnswer: In contrast to an excellent specificity (0.98), sensitivity (0.25) of the rapid troponin T assay was poor. Thus, we conclude that this test cannot improve the distinction between myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in a pre-hospital setting.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-ff2af1702de3477baeca9fff0f0bc3b6", "input": "Question: Are norepinephrine-induced blood pressure rise and renal vasoconstriction attenuated by enalapril treatment in microalbuminuric IDDM?\nAnswer: Enalapril does not attenuate systemic and renal vascular responsiveness to exogenous NE in microalbuminuric IDDM despite adequate inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These findings suggest that the effect of NE on vasoconstriction is not counteracted effectively by ACE inhibition treatment alone.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3235052e30d049de9e85e30735a38679", "input": "Question: Is initial hydrophobic collapse necessary for folding RNase A?\nAnswer: During folding of RNase A an initial global hydrophobicity is not observed, which contradicts the view that this is a general requirement for protein folding. This folding behavior could be typical of similar, moderately hydrophobic proteins.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-56009818a8a746bfa640064d6e70b860", "input": "Question: Is helicobacter pylori seropositivity associated with inflammatory parameters , lipid concentrations and degree of coronary artery disease?\nAnswer: HP infection is not associated with inflammatory parameters and lipid concentrations and could not be confirmed as a risk factor for CAD.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-cfbb4423e1a84e7c8f39d07092dafe48", "input": "Question: Does cimetidine alter atorvastatin pharmacokinetics or LDL-cholesterol reduction?\nAnswer: The rate and extent of atorvastatin absorption and the effects of atorvastatin on LDL-cholesterol responses are not influenced by coadministration of cimetidine.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-8591d452d73444df926cc992882c8906", "input": "Question: Does transient ischemia limit subsequent ischemic regional dysfunction in humans : a transesophageal echocardiographic study during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery?\nAnswer: Ischemic dysfunction was precipitated by the 5-min LAD occlusion, as shown by the increase in LVWMS and pulmonary artery pressure. However, a 5-min coronary occlusion and the resulting ischemia do not alter regional left ventricular systolic function during subsequent ischemia in humans.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d7a4d45a5c8c492b885bc6476aa0ccc0", "input": "Question: Is increase of intracellular calcium a cause of pentoxifylline-induced hyperactivated motility or acrosome reaction in human sperm?\nAnswer: Pentoxifylline stimulates hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction in spermatozoa from fertile men. Its stimulatory effects occur through mechanism(s) other than increase in intracellular calcium.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-b372968e93ff4ef98cf90c3f518fa594", "input": "Question: Is total plasma antioxidant capacity always decreased in sepsis?\nAnswer: Although total plasma antioxidant capacity is decreased from normal levels in septic patients, an increase in some oxidants contributes to an increased total antioxidant capacity in septic shock patients.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f3ace9b35456467b88a9940e4a2f8777", "input": "Question: Is prophylactic cholecystectomy indicated following renal transplantation?\nAnswer: Transplant patients are not at an increased risk for developing biliary tract disease compared with nontransplant patients. Gallstone disease does not have a negative impact on graft survival. Treatment of gallstones has a low risk and does not represent an increased risk of complications in patients following renal transplantation.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-f4a342f9c6ba44fb9c3e0f816b0e42c8", "input": "Question: Does treatment with the competitive NMDA antagonist GPI 3000 improve outcome after cardiac arrest in dogs?\nAnswer: Contrary to results seen in experimental global and focal cerebral ischemia, in which NMDA receptor antagonism may improve responses to injury, receptor antagonism with GPI does not improve brain outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in the dog. Behavioral and histological outcomes both were worsened by GPI treatment at two doses, and mortality was higher relative to saline control treatment. We speculate that systemic drug effects, as well as potential neurotoxicity of the drug under ischemic conditions, may be responsible for the deleterious outcomes observed in our cardiac arrest model.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-dc335f5ffa934416a466fb29c09ae83a", "input": "Question: Does combined hormone replacement therapy protect women against the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent vasomotor function?\nAnswer: Long-term combined oral hormone replacement therapy is without beneficial effects on endothelial vasomotor function in healthy postmenopausal women. This supports the view that progesterone may attenuate the beneficial effects of unopposed estrogen replacement.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-988ca8a6dd0e4f15a6363a177a814d21", "input": "Question: Does laparoscopic appendectomy change the incidence of postoperative infectious complications?\nAnswer: Laparoscopic appendectomy is as safe and as effective as the open procedure; however, it does not decrease the rate of postoperative infectious complications.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-452cf3df367f4c3f8a7bddd8b07736de", "input": "Question: Does vascular density predict future metastatic disease in clinical stage 1 non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis?\nAnswer: We confirmed the value of vascular invasion as a prognostic marker in stage 1 NSGCT. Tumour vessel density was of no prognostic value. Two factors may contribute to this. First, there was wide variation of vessel density between different blocks of a tumour. Second, the most vascular area in a tumour was frequently in low-grade tumour.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-19c04350d4b643ceb23a1cb010f59135", "input": "Question: Is intrathecal addition of morphine to bupivacaine the cause of postoperative nausea and vomiting?\nAnswer: Administration of metoclopramide did not reduce the overall incidence of PONV. Our study shows no relationship between the use of intrathecal morphine and the incidence of PONV during the first 24 hours postoperative.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d6cab061b66a4344a349a52ab5a68351", "input": "Question: Is extreme hypercapnia a long-term prognostic factor after near-fatal asthma : a 12-year follow-up study?\nAnswer: Extreme hypercapnia in near-fatal asthma tended to recur, but is not an aggravating long-term prognostic factor. Targeted surveillance of these high-risk patients should make it possible to reduce relapses and death rates from asthma.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-41ca26ebe42c4c1986b7bc8ad45f0d8e", "input": "Question: Does valproate therapy deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children?\nAnswer: Children on a regular diet ingest a sufficient amount of CAR that more than meets their daily CAR requirement. The level of neither T- nor F-CAR in patients with epilepsy and without severe neurologic or nutritional problems being treated with VPA appeared to be affected by VPA therapy. Because the blood CAR level depends on nutritional condition rather than on blood VPA concentration, CAR deficiency caused by VPA is not likely to occur in this population. The usefulness of supplementation of CAR for this type of patient with epilepsy, therefore, must be reevaluated carefully.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-d5215a15e22142218756523ee46e0358", "input": "Question: Is hospital recovery following Thermachoice ablation dependent on setting ( outpatient or daycase ) or rescue analgesia : unexpected result?\nAnswer: Duration of hospital stay is not entirely dependent on whether outpatient or daycase endometrial ablation is considered. This unexpected preliminary finding deserves to be validated in future confirmatory trials that compare outpatient and daycase treatments. We also discuss the confounding factors that should be considered when designing such trials.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-aaed8bd3d92d48d2900696e40a47ee59", "input": "Question: Does non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use appear to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis : results from a primary care based inception cohort of patients?\nAnswer: No excess CVD or all cause mortality was observed in NSAID users in this cohort of patients with IP. This is at variance with the literature relating to NSAID use in the general population. It is unclear whether this represents unmeasured confounders influencing a doctor's decision to avoid NSAIDs in the treatment of IP.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-3432bd809a454dc7947e9ec4987f1568", "input": "Question: Is detection of human mammaglobin mRNA in serial peripheral blood samples from patients with non-metastatic breast cancer predictive of disease recurrence?\nAnswer: There is no evidence that hMAM mRNA detection at diagnosis or during follow-up predicts for breast cancer recurrence.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-34e34d2c18f342ebbd394629ce7e86b2", "input": "Question: Is shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus?\nAnswer: Our findings suggest that SWL treatment for renal and UPJ stones might not be associated with new onset of hypertension or DM.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-99a959b6053546a2a050d9362b1a37f0", "input": "Question: Does lipid-lowering therapy affect the postprandial drop in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-c ) plasma levels in obese men with metabolic syndrome : a randomized double blind crossover trial?\nAnswer: HDL-c levels decrease as CET increases after fat loading in obese metabolic syndrome patients. This is not influenced by either simvastatin or simvastatin/ezetimibe treatment. After fat loading, CETP mass and CET increased, and adiponectin decreased pointing towards a potential role for intra-abdominal fat. Decreased postprandial HDL-c levels may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome patients on top of already low HDL-c levels.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0f586cad81a9459ab98694e64757bb3d", "input": "Question: Are retinal microglia and uveal tract dendritic cells and macrophages CX3CR1 dependent in their recruitment and distribution in the young mouse eye?\nAnswer: These data illustrate that homing or migration of DCs and macrophages to the uveal tract and retina in normal young mice is not Cx3cr1 dependent and provide a solid foundation for future studies of monocyte-derived cells and the role of Cx3cr1 in models of ocular disease.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-52ba7c832901440888b3c46a7c5b1a79", "input": "Question: Does strontium ranelate stimulate bone formation in ovariectomized rats?\nAnswer: These findings demonstrate that SrR at dosages of 25 and 150 mg/kg/day did not stimulate an anabolic bone response, and failed to improve the bone biomechanical properties of OVX rats.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-9e69540730dd4f3e90ff56b5891e8965", "input": "Question: Does rate response and cardiac resynchronisation therapy in chronic heart failure : higher cardiac output acutely improve exercise performance : a pilot trial?\nAnswer: RAP resulted in a net increase in CO, without an acute favourable effect on exercise capacity. This finding underscores the importance of peripheral factors (endothelial and skeletal muscle dysfunction) as determinants of exercise capacity in CHF. The fact that longitudinal systolic myocardial velocities at higher HR did not change or even decreased suggests that a blunted FFR still occurs, despite CRT. RAP had no effect on mechanical synchrony.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-7d5d7ca72e5c44818239a69c8ca19f8c", "input": "Question: Does hard drinking water protect against cardiovascular disease : new evidence from the British Regional Heart Study?\nAnswer: This study suggests that neither high water hardness, nor high calcium or magnesium intake appreciably protect against CHD or CVD. Initiatives to add calcium and magnesium to desalinated water cannot be justified by these findings.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-341e87331f50485780e38d0780c42e94", "input": "Question: Does warm sitz bath reduce symptoms in posthaemorrhoidectomy period : a randomized , controlled study?\nAnswer: This study shows that sitz bath does not offer pain relief, wound healing or reduction in consumption of analgesics and thus there is no evidence to prescribe sitz bath in the post-haemorrhoidectomy period.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-19f62d400a904011acfeb4ab917cd8fc", "input": "Question: Do trainees negatively impact the institutional learning curve for robotic prostatectomy as characterized by operative time , estimated blood loss , and positive surgical margin rate?\nAnswer: A structured teaching program for RALP is effective and trainees are able to adopt the increased efficiency and skills of their mentor. Lower BMI, EBL, and prostate weight were associated with shorter operative times. Trainees performing the procedure did not negatively affect EBL and positive surgical margin rate.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-0abc97b809a74d0bbf59d93b7d97719c", "input": "Question: Does the polymorphous light eruption-severity assessment score reliably predict the results of phototesting?\nAnswer: We showed that in PLE, disease severity as determined using the PLE-SAS or adjusted PLE-SAS did not reliably predict severity as assessed by phototesting. Two significant contributing questions were not discriminating enough to be used as predicting questions to assess severity. Accurate patient history proved to be a reliable method to diagnose PLE. Phototesting is useful to determine the responsible ultraviolet action spectrum and to exclude differential diagnoses like photosensitive eczema, lupus erythematosus or chronic actinic dermatitis. PLE-SAS cannot replace phototesting for determining the severity of PLE.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-76433f40ccf3481a9750baab137490dd", "input": "Question: Is for the majority of patients with diabetes blood pressure and lipid management in line with recommendations . Results from a large population-based cohort in Germany?\nAnswer: For most elderly with diabetes cardiovascular risk factor management continues to be not in line with recommendations.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-43489377c9e043249506311f008ab82c", "input": "Question: Do shoulder pain and external rotation in spastic hemiplegia improve by injection of botulinum toxin A into the subscapular muscle?\nAnswer: Application of botulinum toxin A into the subscapular muscle for reduction of shoulder pain and improvement of humeral external rotation in spastic hemiplegia does not appear to be clinically efficacious.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-c3536dcef1b54e70b7e1e2cc5fee2b91", "input": "Question: Do inhaled corticosteroids affect behaviour?\nAnswer: There is a difference in behaviour between healthy children and asthmatic children on ICS, but not when compared with children visiting the ENT department. Although hyperactivity, aggressiveness and anxiety might occur in children on ICS, this is probably caused by individual susceptibility. Being under specialist care can possibly explain behavioural differences between children on ICS and healthy controls.", "output": [ "no" ] }, { "id": "task846-793fef7f47974aff82a3032b1d0921e9", "input": "Question: Is initial resection of potentially viable tissue optimal treatment for grades II-IV pancreatic injuries?\nAnswer: Grade II pancreatic injuries do not require routine surgical exploration in children. Grade III and IV injuries in this series were treated with expeditious drainage of the pancreatic bed and did not require routine pancreatectomy or endoscopic stent [corrected] placement as some have recommended. Early drainage shortens hospital stay, and outcomes from this therapy are excellent. Pancreatic resection of exocrine defunctionalized segments of pancreas may be performed safely electively after acute injury if necessary, but anecdotal information from this series indicates that too may not be necessary. Grade V injuries often are accompanied by multiple other organ injuries and are associated with a significant mortality rate. A multi-institutional investigation is warranted to reassess optimal therapy for pancreatic injury in children.", "output": [ "no" ] } ], "Instance License": [ "MIT" ] }