source: These dominance behaviors are shown significantly more often by the breeding pair of the pack, indicating they do not serve as a behavioral correction or punishment, nor as a reinforcement of the dominance of the breeding pair.
target: These dominance behaviors are shown significantly more often by the breeding pair of the pack. This indicates they do not serve as a behavioral correction or punishment. They also do not serve as a reinforcement of the dominance of the breeding pair.
references: These dominance behaviors are shown significantly more often by the breeding pair of the pack. This indicates they do not serve as a behavioral correction or punishment. They also do not serve as a reinforcement of the dominance of the breeding pair.