ELRC project Acquisition of bilingual data (from multilingual websites), normalization, cleaning, deduplication and identification of parallel documents have been done by ILSP-FC tool. Multilingual embeddings -based approach was adopted for alignment of segments. Merging/filtering of segment pairs has also been applied. en mt 391 6221 5397 1469 1254

1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 4 // 37 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 5 // 47 Results found 1.170731707317073 materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 0.4857142857142857 pubbliku ġenerali Key messages for the general public 1.875 Issortja skont: Sort by: 1.0555555555555556 L-awtomedikazzjoni bl-antibijotiċi mhijiex użu responsabbli tal-antibijotiċi Self-medication with antibiotics is not a responsible use of antibiotics 0.9024390243902439 fornituri tal-kura tas-saħħa primarja Key messages for primary care prescribers 0.98 Remove this filter Audience: prattikanti ġenerali Remove this filter Audience: general practitioners 1.263157894736842 materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit information material, toolkit material 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 3 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 3 Results found 1.1685393258426966 Fuljett tal-pazjent għat-tobba li joħorġu riċetti fis-settur tal-kura primarja li jistgħu jagħtu lill-pazjenti: jispjega x'inhi r-reżistenza antibijotika u għala huwa importanti l-użu xieraq tal-antibijotiċi. A patient leaflet for primary care prescribers to hand out to patients: it explains to patients what antibiotic resistance is and why appropriate use of antibiotics is important. 1.4242424242424243 JUM EWROPEW GĦALL-GĦARFIEN DWAR L-ANTIBIJOTIĊI European Antibiotic Awareness Day 0.42953020134228187 materjal ta' informazzjoni, preżentazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit Documenting indication, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart leads to better use of antibiotics. 1.1333333333333333 Remove this filter Type: materjal ta' informazzjoni Remove this filter Type: information material 2.3529411764705883 Paġna 4 minn 4 // 40 Riżultati li nstabu Page 4 of 5 // 50 1.3636363636363635 Evitaw profilassi antibijotika bla bżonn (eż. European Antibiotic Awareness Day 0.7516778523489933 batterju, virus, jew parassita, bħall-parassita tal-malarja) li jirreżisti l-azzjoni tas-sustanza antimikrobika. Documenting indication, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart leads to better use of antibiotics. 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 1 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 1 Results found 1.2439024390243902 Remove this filter Type: materjal ta' informazzjoni Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 13 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 3 // 23 Results found 0.7 Applika Media type 1.5238095238095237 Messaġġi ewlenin għall-ispeċjalisti tal-mard infettiv tal-isptar Poster for intensive care unit physicians: 1.08 Aktar informazzjoni fuq: www.antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu More information at: www.antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu 2.3529411764705883 Paġna 3 minn 4 // 40 Riżultati li nstabu Page 3 of 5 // 50 1.2264150943396226 Din hija protezzjoni effettiva kontra l-irjiħat jew l-influwenza? Is this an effective protection against colds or flu? 1.7 pubbliku ġenerali Media type 0.625 L-antibijotiċi. Neither are antibiotics. 1.2291666666666667 materjal ta' informazzjoni, powster, materjal tat-toolkit - information material, poster, toolkit material - 1.2222222222222223 materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit, vidjo information material, toolkit material, video 1.2391304347826086 materjal ta' informazzjoni, powster, materjal tat-toolkit information material, poster, toolkit material 1.1724137931034482 jekk għandek 'il fuq minn 65 sena; if you are over 65 years old; 1.28 materjal ta' informazzjoni messaġġi ewlenin materjal tat-toolkit information material key messages toolkit material 1.170731707317073 Jekk tieħu l-antibijotiċi dawn mhux se jnaqqsulek is-severità tas-sintomi tiegħek u mhux se jgħinuk tħossok aħjar aktar malajr [10, 12, 15, 17]. Taking antibiotics will not reduce the severity of your symptoms and will not help you feel better faster [10, 12, 15, 17]. 1.051948051948052 L-awtomedikazzjoni bl-antibijotiċi mhijiex użu responsabbli tal-antibijotiċi [8]. Self-medication with antibiotics is not a responsible use of antibiotics [8]. 0.8873239436619719 Tul indikattiv ta' sintomi għal mard komuni tax-xitwa fl-adulti Indicative duratio​​n of symptoms for common winter illnesses in adults 0.6138613861386139 bronkite kronika, enfisema, mard pulmonari ostruttiv kroniku); if you have lung disease (e.g. chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); 1.6923076923076923 Infezzjoni fil-widnejn Ear infection 1.1336633663366336 Lista adattata minn ‘Ġenomika biex tiġi miġġielda r-reżistenza kontra l-antibijotiċi f'LRTI li tittieħed mill-komunità fl-Ewropa, proġett iffinanzjat mid-Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea għar-Riċerka u l-Innovazzjoni.​ List adapted from ‘Genomics to combat resistance against antibiotics in community-acquired LRTI in Europe', a project funded by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. 1.0126582278481013 Bil-kelma "antibijotiċi", l-ECDC ifisser aġenti antibatteriċi jew antibatteriċi. With the word "antibiotics", ECDC means antibacterial agents or antibacterials. 1.1130952380952381 L-antibijotiċi huma effettivi biss kontra infezzjonijiet batteriċi u ma jistgħux jgħinuk tirkupra minn infezzjonijiet ikkawżati minn ‘viruses' bħar-riħ komuni jew l-influwenza [9-12, 14]. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and cannot help you recover from infections caused by viruses such as the common cold or the flu [9-12, 14]. 1.2832618025751072 Jekk tieħu l-antibijotiċi biex tiġġieled infezzjonijiet batteriċi ħfief, bħal rinosinusite, uġigħ fil-griżmejn, bronkite jew uġigħ fil-widnejn, ħafna drabi dan ikun bla bżonn [15-19] peress li, f'ħafna każijiet, is-sistema immuni tal-ġisem tiegħek hija kapaċi tindirizza dawn l-infezzjonijiet ħfief. Taking antibiotics to fight mild bacterial infections, such as rhinosinusitis, sore throats, bronchitis or earaches, is often unnecessary [15-19] since, in most cases, your own immune system is able to deal with such mild infections. 1.2682926829268293 Barra minn hekk, l-antibijotiċi jistgħu jikkawżaw diversi effetti sekondarji li mhuma xejn pjaċevoli bħal dijarea, dardir jew raxx fil-ġilda [9, 10, 13-15]. In addition, antibiotics may cause several unpleasant side effects such as diarrhoea, nausea or skin rashes [9, 10, 13-15]. 0.9166666666666666 Infografika Infographics 1.185 L-infografika tispjega l-proċess ta' reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi, ir-relazzjoni bejn il-konsum tal-antibijotiċi u r-reżistenza għall-antimikrobiċi, ix-xejra riċenti ta' reżistenza li qed tikber għal antibijotiċi tal-aħħar ġenerazzjoni. Infographics explaining the process of antibiotic resistance, the relation between antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance, the recent trend of growing resistance to last-line antibiotics. 1.5238095238095237 Skeda informattiva għall-esperti Factsheet for experts 0.8296296296296296 batterju, virus, jew parassita, bħall-parassita tal-malarja) li jirreżisti l-azzjoni tas-sustanza antimikrobika. Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, a virus) to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent. 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 8 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 8 Results found 1.3725490196078431 skeda informattiva, materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit - factsheet, information material, toolkit material - 0.5833333333333334 Applika Infographics 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 6 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 6 Results found 1.0684931506849316 Tevitaw testijiet dijanjostiċi u kulturi f'pazjenti mhux sintomatiċi [56,111]. Avoiding diagnostic tests and cultures in asymptomatic patients [56,111]. 1.2647058823529411 • tbiddlu għal terapija antibijotika orali. switch to oral antibiotic therapy. 1.0 • antibijotiċi topiċi; u topical antibiotics; and 1.135135135135135 Ippromwovu l-programmi ta' tilqim għar-residenti u l-persunal [kunsens tal-esperti]. Promote vaccination programmes for residents and staff [expert consensus]. 1.1388888888888888 Organizzaw avvenimenti u kampanji edukattivi li jipprovdu informazzjoni lir-residenti dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi. Organise educational events and campaigns that provide residents with information on prudent antibiotic use. 1.1446280991735538 Ħudu sehem b'mod regolari f'korsijiet tat-taħriġ u f'laqgħat li jappoġġjaw l-implimentazzjoni fl-isptar ta': a) użu antibijotiku prudenti, b) linji gwida dwar l-antibijotiċi lokali, ibbażati fuq l-evidenza, u c) miżuri ta' prevenzjoni u ta' kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet [52,53]. Regularly participate in training courses and in meetings that support the implementation in the hospital of: a) prudent antibiotic use, b) evidence-based, local antibiotic guidelines, and c) infection prevention and control measures [52,53]. 1.1910828025477707 Iddokumentaw l-indikazzjoni ta' trattament antibijotiku, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul ta' żmien tat-trattament fiċ-ċart tal-pazjent [31,42,70,71]. 13. Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart [31,42,70,71]. 0.6222222222222222 profilassi tal-infezzjoni tal-apparat tal-awrina) [111]. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis (e.g. urinary tract infection prophylaxis) [111]. 0.7287581699346405 pulmonite, infezzjonijiet fil-parti ta' fuq tal-apparat respiratorju, infezzjonijiet tal-ġilda u tat-tessuti r-rotob u l-infezzjonijiet tal-apparat tal-awrina) u tqis id-dejta tas-suxxettibbiltà antimikrobjali lokali [109]. Using clinical pathways and evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing, treating and managing the most common infections (e.g. pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections), and taking into account local antimicrobial susceptibility data [109]. 1.0175438596491229 Tibda t-trattament antibijotiku biss jekk hemm evidenza ta' infezzjoni batterjali u tittrattawx kolonizzazzjoni[31]. Only start antibiotic treatment if there is evidence of a bacterial infection, and do not treat colonisation [31]. 1.2608695652173914 • il-propilassi antibijotika; antibiotic prophylaxis; 0.9866666666666667 Livelli dejjem jiżdiedu ta' reżistenza antibijotika jheddu l-effikaċja tal-antibijotiċi fil-preżent u fil-futur: il-komunikazzjoni effettiva mal-pazjenti hija essenzjali biex tiġi indirizzata din il-problema dejjem tikber. A model for a patient dialogue on the basis of available evidence provides guidance and support for primary care prescribers who encounter patient pressure for antibiotics, and promotes appropriate antibiotic use by patients. 0.8409090909090909 fornituri tal-kura tas-saħħa primarja Template letter for primary care prescribers 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 2 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 2 Results found 1.4285714285714286 Remove this filter Audience: dawk li jippreskrivu l-mediċina fl-isptar Remove this filter Audience: hospital prescribers 1.7 pubbliku ġenerali Factsheets 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 17 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 2 // 19 Results found 1.0434782608695652 materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit information material, poster, toolkit material 0.9705882352941176 Ittra mudell għall-maniġment tal-isptar, li tippreżenta l-kampanja tal-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi u ssejjaħ għal appoġġ fl-implimentazzjoni ta' strateġiji multisettorjali għall-amministrazzjoni tal-antibijotiċi. The poster contains a key message that is deemed relevant overall for the hospital or the healthcare setting, followed by a set of actions that the hospital prescriber can/should/must implement to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. 2.3529411764705883 Paġna 1 minn 6 // 53 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 7 // 65 2.142857142857143 Issortja skont: Poster: 1.1886792452830188 infografika, materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit - infographic, information material, toolkit material - 0.7368421052631579 Lanqas mhuma l-antibijotiċi. How does antibiotic resistance spread? 1.4042553191489362 skeda informattiva materjal ta' informazzjoni materjal tat-toolkit factsheet information material toolkit material 0.5097402597402597 Skeda informattiva dwar ir-reżistenza antibijotika fil-kura primarja tipprovdi lit-tobba li joħorġu riċetti b'dejta nazzjonali u tal-UE dwar l-aħħar xejriet. Factsheet provides the latest available scientific evidence about antibiotic resistance that is relevant to hospitals: e.g. antibiotic resistance is increasing overall, bacteria that are resistant to multiple group of antibiotics is of particular concern, and antibiotic stewardship programmes are effective. 1.0419580419580419 Wara l-adozzjoni tar-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea (UE) dwar l-użu prudenti ta' aġenti antimikrobjali f'Novembru 2001, li ddikjarat li l-Istati Membri tal-UE għandhom jinfurmaw lill-pubbliku ġenerali dwar l-importanza tal-użu prudenti ta' aġenti antimikrobjali u dwar is-suċċess ta' xi kampanji nazzjonali, bħall-Belġju u Franza, iċ-Ċentru Ewropew għall-Prevenzjoni u l-Kontroll tal-Mard (ECDC) fl-2008 iddeċieda li jistabbilixxi l-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi (EEAD) fit-18 ta' Novembru bħala pjattaforma biex tagħti appoġġ lil kampanji nazzjonali fir-reġjun. Following adoption of the European Union (EU) Council Recommendation on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine in November 2001, which stated that EU Member States should inform the general public of the importance of prudent use of antimicrobial agents and the success of some national campaigns, such as Belgium and France, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) decided in 2008 to establish the European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD) on 18 November as a platform for providing support to national campaigns across the region. 1.2666666666666666 Finalment, fit-18 ta' Novembru ta' kull sena, l-ECDC jikkoordina l-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi. Finally, on 18 November each year, ECDC coordinates the European Antibiotic Awareness Day. 0.6440129449838188 L-oqsma ewlenin ta' ħidma tal-ECDC jinkludu s-sorveljanza, l-intelliġenza epidemika, l-iżvilupp ta' gwida bbażata fuq l-evidenza u reviżjonijiet sistematiċi, taħriġ, appoġġ lill-Istati Membri tal-UE. Activities related to this topic at ECDC, take place under the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-associated Infections programme . ECDC's main areas of work include surveillance, epidemic intelligence, developing evidence-based guidance and systematic reviews, training, support to the EU Member States. 1.114864864864865 Mill-2015, l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa tmexxi l-Ġimgħa Dinjija għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi , kampanja globali li sseħħ fil-ġimgħa tat-18 ta' Novembru. Since 2015, the World Health Organization leads the World Antibiotic Awareness Week , a global campaign taking place on the week of the 18 November. 1.0 Tevita profilassi antibijotika bla bżonn [31,73]. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis [31,73]. 1.625 Messaġġi ewlenin rilevanti għall-preskriventi kollha Key messages for all prescribers 1.165289256198347 Tieħu sehem b'mod regolari f'korsijiet tat-taħriġ u f'laqgħat li jappoġġjaw l-implimentazzjoni fl-isptar ta': a) użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi, b) linji gwida dwar l-antibijotiċi lokali, ibbażati fuq l-evidenza, u c) miżuri ta' prevenzjoni u ta' kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet [52,53]. Regularly participate in training courses and in meetings that support the implementation in the hospital of: a) prudent antibiotic use, b) evidence-based, local antibiotic guidelines, and c) infection prevention and control measures [52,53]. 0.9705882352941176 Il-pazjent għandu infezzjoni li se tirrispondi għall-antibijotiċi? Does the patient have an infection that will respond to antibiotics? 1.196078431372549 Tiddokumenta l-indikazzjoni ta' kura b'antibijotiċi, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul ta' żmien tat-trattament fiċ-ċart tal-pazjent [31,42,70,71]. Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart [31,42,70,71]. 1.0 • Tfittex gwida u parir minn kollega superjuri jew membru tat-tim tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi. Seek guidance and advice from a senior colleague or a member of the antibiotic stewardship team. 1.0625 Tiżgura li l-kulturi jittieħdu u jintbagħtu kif xieraq fil-laboratorju tal-mikrobijoloġija, qabel ma tibda l-antibijotiċi [31,42,70,71]. Ensure that cultures are appropriately taken and send to the microbiology laboratory, before starting antibiotics [31,42,70,71]. 1.1363636363636365 Ibqa' konxju tal-mudelli tar-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi lokali fid-dipartiment tiegħek, l-isptar tiegħek u fil-komunità [31] [kunsens tal-esperti]. Remain aware of local antibiotic resistance patterns in your department, your hospital and in the community [31] [expert consensus]. 1.1920529801324504 Twieġeb il-mistoqsijiet ewlenin li ġejjin meta tivvaluta mill-ġdid it-terapija antibijotika wara 48-72 siegħa (jew hekk kif ir-riżultati mikrobijoloġiċi jsiru disponibbli) [42,70]: Answer the following key questions when reassessing antibiotic therapy after 48-72 hours (or as soon as microbiological results are available) [42,70]: 2.3529411764705883 Paġna 5 minn 6 // 53 Riżultati li nstabu Page 5 of 7 // 65 0.9666666666666667 Remove this filter Audience: professjonisti fl-isptarijiet Remove this filter Audience: healthcare workers in hospitals 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 13 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 3 // 25 Results found 1.5365853658536586 infografika, materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit - Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 0.8571428571428571 Pajjiż Country 2.4375 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 6 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 5 1.1521739130434783 Remove this filter Type: toolkit għall-komunikazzjoni Remove this filter Type: communication toolkit 1.3333333333333333 toolkit għall-komunikazzjoni communication toolkit 1.0273972602739727 It-"toolkit" fiha materjali mudelli u messaġġi ewlenin li jiffukaw fuq l-awtomedikazzjoni bl-antibijotiċi, ideat għal attivitajiet ta' sensibilizzazzjoni, u tattiċi suġġeriti biex il-messaġġi jingħaddu lill-pubbliku ġenerali. The toolkit contains template materials and key messages focusing on self-medication with antibiotics, ideas for awareness raising activities, and suggested tactics for getting the messages across to the general public. 2.4375 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 5 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 5 0.5384615384615384 Applika Results found 1.0740740740740742 X'inhu "kunsens tal-esperti"? What is "expert consensus"? 1.0403022670025188 Ikopru għadd ta' professjonisti li jaħdmu fi sptarijiet u ambjenti oħrajn tal-kura tas-saħħa: maniġers/amministraturi, speċjalisti tal-mard infettiv, prevenzjoni tal-infezzjonijiet u professjonisti tal-kontroll, preskriventi, tobba subalterni u studenti, spiżjara, infermiera, mikrobijoloġisti kliniċi u professjonisti f'dipartimenti tal-emerġenza, fl-unitajiet tal-kura intensiva u faċilitajiet tal-kura fit-tul. Cover a number of professionals working at hospitals and other healthcare settings: managers/administrators, infectious disease specialists, infection prevention and control professionals, epidemiologists, prescribers, junior doctors and students, pharmacists, nurses, clinical microbiologists, and professionals in emergency departments, in intensive care units, and in long-term care facilities. 1.0777027027027026 Meta, f'dan id-dokument, referenza għal messaġġ hija indikata bħala "kunsens tal-esperti", l-ECDC jirreferi għall-ftehim milħuq fil-proċess imsemmi tat-teħid tad-deċiżjonijiet, inkluż il-ftehim intern tal-esperti tal-ECDC u l-opinjoni tal-membri EAAD TAC u konsultazzjoni mal-esperti esterni u l-partijiet ikkonċernati. When, in this document, a reference to a message is indicated as "expert consensus", ECDC is referring to the agreement reached in the outlined decision-making process, including ECDC experts' internal agreement, EAAD TAC members' opinion, and consultation with external experts and stakeholders. 1.2066115702479339 Kull sena madwar l-Ewropa, l-EAAD huwa mmarkat permezz ta' kampanji nazzjonali dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi fit-18 ta' Novembru jew viċin. Each year across Europe, EAAD is marked by national campaigns on the prudent use of antibiotics on or around 18 November. 1.2941176470588236 Remove this filter Audience: fornituri tal-kura tas-saħħa primarja Remove this filter Audience: primary care providers 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 3 minn 4 // 37 Riżultati li nstabu Page 3 of 5 // 47 Results found 1.2826086956521738 materjal ta' informazzjoni, powster, materjal tat-toolkit - information material, poster, toolkit material 1.4 Applika Apply 1.125 Remove this filter Type: stejjer ta' pazjenti Remove this filter Type: patient stories 2.4375 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 4 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 5 1.0802139037433156 Il-batterju li ġie iżolat mil-fluss tad-demm ta' Mohammed kien reżistenti għal ħafna antibijotiċi, inkluż antibijotiċi tal-aħħar sors - klassi ta' antibijotiċi tal-aħħar ġenerazzjoni msejħa karbapenems. The bacterium that was isolated from Mohammed's bloodstream was resistant to many antibiotics, including the last-source antibiotics - a class of last-line antibiotics called carbapenems. 0.9032258064516129 Paolo marad b'infezzjoni urinarja serja b'E.coli reżistenti għal ħafna antibijotiċi. Paolo fell ill with a serious urinary infection with an E.coli resistant to many antibiotics. 0.7894736842105263 Issortja skont: ECDC patient story: 1.3515625 Lill-Karin, in-Norveġja, ġiet infettata b'batterji reżistenti għal ħafna antibijotiċi wara inċident u perjodu ta' kura ġo sptar waqt li kienet fuq btala barra minn pajjiżha. Lill-Karin, Norway, caught bacteria resistant to many antibiotics after an accident and a hospitay stay while on holiday abroad. 1.25 Lill-Karin Mohammed 2.3529411764705883 Paġna 1 minn 4 // 40 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 5 // 50 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 5 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 4 Results found 1.1357466063348416 It-"toolkit" fiha materjali mudelli u messaġġi ewlenin għal professjonisti tas-saħħa, ideat għal attivitajiet ta' sensibilizzazzjoni, u tattiċi suġġeriti biex il-messaġġi jingħaddu kemm lil fornituri tal-kura tas-saħħa primarja kif ukoll lil pazjenti. The toolkit contains template materials and key messages for health professionals, ideas for awareness raising activities, and suggested tactics for getting the messages across to both primary care providers and patients. 1.1458333333333333 Remove this filter Audience: organizzaturi ta' kampanji Remove this filter Audience: campaign organisers 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 9 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 8 Results found 1.2727272727272727 Paġna 1 minn 11 // 108 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 30 // 291 Results found 0.9523809523809523 materjal tat-toolkit communication toolkit 1.257462686567164 Ittri għall-awtoritajiet nazzjonali tas-saħħa pubblika se jintbagħtu lil spiżjara u lil dawk li jippreskrivu l-kura tas-saħħa primarja biex jintroduċu l-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibjotiċi (EEAD), biex jippromwovu l-użu xieraq tal-antibijotiċi u biex jinfurmaw lill-pazjenti dwar ir-riskji tal-awtomedikazzjoni bl-antibijotiċi. Letters for national public health authorities to send to pharmacists and primary care prescribers to introduce European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD), to promote appropriate use of antibiotics and inform patients about the risks of self-medication with antibiotics. 1.2 Ittri f'forma ta' ‘template' għall-ispiżjara u t-tobba tal-kura primarja Template letters to pharmacists and primary care prescribers 1.511111111111111 L-ECDC jaħdem mill-qrib mal-Kummissjoni Ewropea u ma' aġenziji oħrajn tal-UE, partijiet interessati kif ukoll ma' organizzazzjonijiet biex imexxu kampanji ta' għarfien dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, a virus) to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent. 1.14 Staphylococcus aureus reżistenti għall-metiċillina (MRSA) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 1.127659574468085 Antifungali (attivi kontra l-infezzjonijiet fungali), Antifungals (active against fungal infections), 1.21656050955414 Sitt Stati Membri (jiġifieri Franza, il-Belġju, is-Slovakkja, ir-Repubblika Ċeka, is-Slovenja u l-Iżvezja) dan l-aħħar irrappurtaw tendenzi ta' tnaqqis fl-użu ta' antibijotiċi fl-outpatients; Six Member States (i.e. France, Belgium, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Slovenia and Sweden) recently reported decreasing trends in antibiotic use in outpatients; 1.0114942528735633 Mikrorganiżmi - li jissejħu wkoll mikrobi - jinkludu batterji, virus, fungi u parassiti. Microorganisms - also called microbes - include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. 1.018181818181818 Iż-żewġ kawżi maġġuri tar-reżistenza antimikrobika huma: The two major drivers for antimicrobial resistance are: 1.0258064516129033 Enterobacteriaceae li jipproduċu beta-lattamażi ta' spettru wiesa' (ESBL) (eżempji ta' Enterobacteriaceae komuni huma Escherichia coli u Klebsiella pneumoniae) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (examples of common Enterobacteriaceae are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) 0.7698412698412699 Salmonella u Campylobacter huma assoċjati mal-konsum ta' ikel kontaminat u jikkawżaw id-dijarrea; Certain bacteria, e.g. Salmonella and Campylobacter are associated with consumption of contaminated foods and cause diarrhoea; 1.1891891891891893 Stimi preliminari tal-għadd ta' mwiet attribwibbli direttament għal infezzjonijiet li ttieħdu fl-isptarijiet minħabba l-batterji l-aktar komuni reżistenti għal aktar minn mediċina waħda huma ta' 1/3 sa 1/2 ta' dak tal-infezzjonijiet totali li ttieħdu fl-isptarijiet (ara hawn taħt) (ECDC, dejta preliminari). Preliminary estimates of the number of deaths directly attributable to hospital-acquired infections due to the most common major multidrug-resistant bacteria are 1/3 to 1/2 of that for hospital-acquired infections overall (see below) (ECDC, preliminary data). 1.1225806451612903 Infezzjonijiet nosokomjali u r-reżistenza antimikrobika huma żewġ aspetti speċjali relatati mas-saħħa elenkati fl-Anness 1 tad-Deċiżjoni tal-Kummissjoni 2000/96/KE tat-22 ta' Diċembru 1999 dwar il-mard li jittieħed li għandu jkun kopert progressivament min-netwerk tal-Komunità skont id-Deċiżjoni Nru 2119/98/KE tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill. Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance are two special health issues listed in Annex 1 of Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. 0.5176470588235295 infezzjonijiet tal-influwenza, HIV, herpes), Antivirals (active against viral infections, e.g. influenza, HIV, herpes infections), 1.1571428571428573 Ir-Rapport Annwali 2007 tal-EARSS, kif ukoll dejta nazzjonali, indikaw tendenzi ta' tnaqqis fir-reżistenza fi Streptococcus pneumoniae, batterji li huma responsabbli b'mod komuni għall-infezzjonijiet fl-outpatients, b'mod partikolari fit-tfal; The EARSS Annual Report 2007, as well as national data, indicated decreasing resistance trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacteria commonly responsible for infections in outpatients, in particular children; 1.0813953488372092 Prekawzjonijiet iġjeniċi għall-kontroll ta' trasmissjoni ta' mikrorganiżmi reżistenti għall-antimikrobiċi (kontroll tal-infezzjoni), inklużi l-iġjene tal-idejn, skrining, iżolament, eċċ. Hygienic precautions for the control of cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (infection control), including hand hygiene, screening, isolation, etc. 1.2425742574257426 Mingħajr antibijotiċi effikaċi, il-kura intensiva, it-trapjant tal-organi, il-kemjoterapija kontra l-kanċer, il-kura ta' trabi prematuri, jew saħansitra l-proċeduri kirurġiċi komuni, bħas-sostituzzjoni tal-ġenbejn jew tal-irkoppa, ma jkunux possibbli. Without effective antibiotics, intensive care, organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, care of preterm babies, or even common surgical procedures, such as hip or knee replacement, would not be possible. 2.0 Lill-Karin Paolo 1.105263157894737 Ingħaqad mal-kampanja ECDC patient story: 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 2 minn 2 // 14 Riżultati li nstabu Page 2 of 2 // 16 Results found 1.25 materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit, vidjo Remove this filter Type: teabepakme materjal 1.1296296296296295 Jekk għandek riħ jew influwenza, ħu ħsieb, mhux antibijotiċi. If you have a cold or flu, take care, not antibiotics. 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 15 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 2 // 17 Results found 1.2203389830508475 Paolo għandu 55 sena u huwa Professur fl-Università ta' Ruma, fl-Italja. Paolo is a 55 year old University Professor in Rome, Italy. 1.3181818181818181 Kummentarju: noti dwar il-każ Commentary: case notes 0.9659090909090909 Għaldaqstant, hemm bżonn li wieħed jara tabib u li jsirulu testijiet mikrobijoloġiċi. It is therefore necessary to see a doctor and to have microbiological testing performed. 1.0921052631578947 Barra minn hekk, kien allerġiku għal wieħed minnhom, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, he was allergic to one of them, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 1.0985915492957747 Il-kultura wriet li kien infettat b'batterju msejjaħ Escherichia coli (E. coli), li pproduċa lactamase beta bi spettru estiż (ESBL - extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) u li kien reżistenti għal bosta antibijotiċi, inkluż ciprofloxacin. The culture showed that he was infected with a bacterium called Escherichia coli (E. coli), which produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and was resistant to many antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin. 0.9888268156424581 ESBLs huma enzimi li jagħmlu l-batterji, spiss E. coli u Klebsiella pneumoniae, reżistenti għal ħafna mill-antibijotiċi β-lactam, inklużi peniċillini, ċefalosporini u aztreonam. ESBLs are enzymes that make bacteria, most commonly E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam. 1.3691275167785235 L-ECDC jaħdem mill-qrib mal-Kummissjoni Ewropea u ma' aġenziji oħrajn tal-UE, partijiet interessati kif ukoll ma' organizzazzjonijiet biex imexxu kampanji ta' għarfien dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi Documenting indication, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart leads to better use of antibiotics. 1.5609756097560976 materjal ta' informazzjoni, preżentazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 1.5925925925925926 Preżentazzjoni li tista' tintuża waqt is-sessjonijiet ta' taħriġ fl-isptar li tagħti dettalji dwar il-kwistjonijiet ewlenin relatati mar-reżistenza antibijotika u l-modi li bihom jista' jittejjeb l-użu antibijotiku. Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, a virus) to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent. 1.1875 e) Li tipprovdu informazzjoni dwar it-trattamenti lill-pazjenti u l-familji; e) Providing information on treatments to patients and families; 1.0505050505050506 c) Ir-rapportr ta' effetti ħżiena tat-terapija antibijotika lit-tobba u kumitati tar-reviżjoni adegwati; c) Reporting adverse effects of antibiotic therapy to physicians and appropriate review committees; 1.076470588235294 Tiżguraw li l-pazjenti (u l-familji tagħhom) jifhmu r-raġuni għat-terapija antibijotika u l-punti ewlenin relatati mal-użu tal-antibijotiku, inkluż biex [31,69] [kunsens tal-esperti]: Ensure that patients (and their families) understand the reason for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to [31,69] [expert consensus]: 1.224 d) Il-faċilitazzjoni tal-komunikazzjoni bejn it-tobba, l-ispiżerija, il-laboratorju u l-pjanifikaturi tar-rilaxx mill-isptar, il-konsulenti u l-pazjenti; d) Facilitating communication between physicians, the pharmacy, the laboratory, discharge planners, consultants and patients; 1.4786324786324787 Ħeġġu lill-preskriventi biex jiddokumentaw minnufih id-deċiżjoni ta' reviżjoni tagħhom għall-pazjenti kollha li jkunu qed jieħdu l-antibijotiku wara 48-72 siegħa [31,42,69]. Prompt prescribers to document their reviewing decision for all patients on antibiotics after 48-72 hours [31,42,69]. 0.9801980198019802 Ittejbu l-prattiki tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi b'kollaborazzjoni mat-tobba u l-ispiżjara [96,97]. 3. Improve antibiotic administration practices in collaboration with doctors and pharmacists [96,97]. 1.088 Tiżguraw li l-kulturi jittieħdu u jintbagħtu kif adegwat fil-laboratorju tal-mikrobijoloġija, qabel ma jibdew l-antibijotiċi [31,42,70]. Ensure that cultures are appropriately taken and send to the microbiology laboratory, before starting antibiotics [31,42,70]. 0.4878048780487805 materjal tat-toolkit Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 1.5 Skeda informattiva għall-pubbliku ġenerali Factsheet for general public 1.0217391304347827 Jappartjeni għall-familja ta' batterji msejħa Enterobacteriacae (bi Klebsiella, Enterobacter). It belongs to a family of bacteria called Enterobacteriacae (with Klebsiella, Enterobacter). 0.9230769230769231 X'inhu MRSA? What is MRSA? 1.0961538461538463 Staphylococcus aureus huwa batterju komuni, preżenti fuq il-ġilda u l-mukoża f'20% sa 30% ta' persuni f'saħħithom. Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium, present on skin and mucosa in 20% to 30% of healthy people. 1.2467741935483871 Il-pazjenti fl-isptarijiet huma f'riskju ta' infezzjonijiet li mhumiex relatati mar-raġuni li għaliha jkunu ddaħħlu l-isptar, inkluż infezzjonijiet fid-demm u fil-post tal-operazzjoni bħal MRSA (ikkawżata minn Staphylococcus aureus reżistenti għall-metiċillina (methicillin), antibijotiku li jirrappreżenta lil dawk li normalment huma effikaċi kontra Staphylococcus aureus), infezzjonijiet fid-demm ikkawżati minn Enterobacteriaceae li jipproduċu ESBL (beta-lattamażi ta' spettru wiesa', enzimi li kapaċi jeqirdu ċerti antibijotiċi), infezzjonijiet fil-valvoli tal-qalb ikkawżati minn Enteroccocci reżistenti għall-vankomiċina (vancomycin), u infezzjonijiet fil-post tal-operazzjoni kirurġika u tal-ġrieħi kkawżati minn Acinetobacter baumannii reżistenti għall-carbapenems. Patients in hospitals are at risk for infections unrelated to the reason for admission, including bloodstream and surgical site infections like MRSA (caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, an antibiotic representative of those which are usually effective against Staphylococcus aureus), bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, enzymes able to destroy some antibiotics), heartvalve infections caused by Enteroccocci resistant to vancomycin, and surgical site and wound infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenems. 1.5833333333333333 Meta jkun reżistenti għall-metiċillina (methicillin) (jew għall-oxaċillina [oxacillin], tip ta' peniċillina), jissejjaħ MRSA jew "Staphylococcus aureus reżistenti għall-metiċillina" (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). When it is resistant to methicillin (or to oxacillin, a type of penicillin), it is called MRSA or "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus". 1.24 coli reżistenti fl-isptarijiet? What is Escherichia coli? 1.1111111111111112 Kulħadd jista' jiżvolġi rwol importanti fit-tnaqqis tar-reżistenza antibijotika: Everyone can play an important role in decreasing antibiotic resistance: 1.3157894736842106 Il-problema hija agħar minn kif kienet fil-passat? Is the problem worse than in the past? 0.3055555555555556 spiżjara u infermiera: Doctors and other healthcare professionals, e.g. pharmacists and nurses: 1.135 L-antibijotiċi użati għall-kura u l-prevenzjoni ta' infezzjonijiet batteriċi fl-annimali jappartjenu għall-istess gruppi kimiċi ta' dawk li jintużaw fil-bnedmin: makrolidi, tetraċiklini, kwinoloni, beta-lattami, aminoglikosidi. Antibiotics used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in animals belong to the same chemical groups as those used for humans: macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides. 0.4796747967479675 Kulħadd huwa responsabbli li jżomm l-antibijotiċi effikaċi. On this basis, it is important to known when it is appropriate to take antibiotics and how to take antibiotics responsibly. 1.063157894736842 Il-fatturi ewlenin ta' riskju għal E. coli reżistenti fil-komunità huma kura antibijotika preċedenti. The main risk factors for resistant E. coli in the community are previous antibiotic treatment. 1.069767441860465 Remove this filter Audience: pubbliku ġenerali Remove this filter Audience: general public 1.8 Lista ta' Kontroll Media type 0.8367346938775511 c) tekniki asettiċi u interventi kliniċi, c) aseptic techniques and clinical interventions, 1.1357142857142857 Immonitorja kemm huma effettivi miżuri preventivi mmirati biex inaqqsu t-trażmissjoni ta' batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi [82,85] [kunsens tal-esperti]. Monitor how effective targeted preventive measures are at reducing transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [82,85] [expert consensus]. 1.1411764705882352 Il-programm inkluda miżuri għall-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi li jimmiraw l-użu ta' karbapenem [62]. The programme included antibiotic stewardship measures targeting carbapenem use [62]. 1.3375 c) Il-kondiviżjoni tal-informazzjoni dwar il-mikrobijoloġija u x-xejriet tar-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi; c) Sharing information on local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns; 1.1923076923076923 f) Tiżgura li l-programmi tal-amministrazzjoni tal-antibijotiċi huma integrati mal-politiki u f) Ensuring antibiotic stewardship programmes are integrated with policies and 1.3523316062176165 g) Teduka lill-professjonisti tal-kura tas-saħħa rilevanti kollha dwar il-prevenzjoni tal-infezzjonijiet u l-interventi ta' kontroll biex tnaqqas it-trażmissjoni kemm tal-batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi kif ukoll ta' dawk suxxettibbli għall-antibijotiċi. g) Educating all relevant healthcare professionals on infection prevention and control interventions to reduce the transmission of both antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. 1.1951219512195121 Din il-gwida tista' tinkludi linji gwida, protokolli u listi ta' kontroll [kunsensus tal-esperti]. This guidance can include guidelines, protocols and checklists [expert consensus]. 1.231111111111111 Il-Greċja - Programm multidimensjonali ta' tliet snin għall-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet biex jikkontrolla l-firxa tal-batterji reżistenti għal karbapenem f'unità tal-ematoloġija ta' sptar tal-kura terzjarja wassal għal inqas infezzjonijiet ikkawżati minn dawn il-batterji [88]. 3. Greece - A three-year multifaceted infection control programme to control the spread of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in a haematology unit of a tertiary care hospital led to fewer infections caused by these bacteria [88]. 0.9473684210526315 f) id-dekontaminazzjoni tal-ambjent, f) decontamination of the environment, 1.1867469879518073 L-Italja - Programm ta' erba' snin għall-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet naqqas l-inċidenza ta' infezzjonijiet u kolonizzazzjoni kkawżati minn batterji reżistenti għall-karbapenem fi sptar ta' tagħlim. Italy - A four-year infection control programme decreased the incidence of infections and colonisation caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria in a teaching hospital. 1.0 Evitaw profilassi antibijotika bla bżonn [31,73]. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis [31,73]. 1.1528925619834711 Tieħdu sehem b'mod regolari f'korsijiet tat-taħriġ u f'laqgħat li jappoġġjaw l-implimentazzjoni fl-isptar ta': a) użu antibijotiku prudenti, b) linji gwida dwar l-antibijotiċi lokali, ibbażati fuq l-evidenza, u c) miżuri ta' prevenzjoni u ta' kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet [52,53]. Regularly participate in training courses and in meetings that support the implementation in the hospital of: a) prudent antibiotic use, b) evidence-based, local antibiotic guidelines, and c) infection prevention and control measures [52,53]. 1.2418300653594772 Iddokumentaw l-indikazzjoni ta' trattament bl-antibijotiku, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul ta' żmien tat-trattament fiċ-ċart tal-pazjent [31,42,70,71]. Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart [31,42,70,71]. 0.8226950354609929 għas-sepsis [74], l-infezzjonijiet tal-apparat tal-awrina [103], l-infezzjonijiet tal-ġilda u tat-tessuti rotob [104]) u tapplikaw miżuri tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll li huma stabbiliti fl-ambjent tiegħek [31] [kunsens tal-esperti]. Follow antibiotic treatment protocols, based on evidence-based guidelines (e.g. for sepsis [74], urinary tract infections [103], skin and soft tissue infections [104]), and apply infection prevention and control measures that are established in your setting [31] [expert consensus]. 1.1733333333333333 c) Tieħdu l-kulturi rilevanti, qabel ma tibdew it-terapija antibijotika, li tippermetti li t-terapija antibijotika tkun imfassla apposta jew imwaqqfa waqt ir-rikoveru l-isptar; c) Taking relevant cultures, before starting antibiotic therapy, which will allow antibiotic therapy to be tailored or stopped during hospitalisation; 1.1494252873563218 Il-kompiti kliniċi relatati mat-titjib fl-użu tal-antibijotiċi jinkludu [102] [kunsens tal-esperti]: 3. Clinical tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [102] [expert consensus]: 1.2862068965517242 a) L-għemil disponibbli ta' linji gwida tal-antibijotiċi tal-isptar abbażi tal-evidenza u mogħdijiet kliniċi għad-dijanjożi, it-trattament u l-ġestjoni tal-iktar infezzjonijiet komuni li tiltaqa' magħhom fid-dipartiment tiegħek (jiġifieri, infezzjonijiet fl-apparat respiratorju, infezzjonijiet tal-ġilda u tat-tessuti rotob, infezzjonijiet fl-apparat tal-awrina u sepsis). a) Making available evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines and clinical pathways for diagnosing, treating and managing the most common infections encountered in your department (i.e. respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections and sepsis). 0.2391304347826087 infografika Adapting the infographic (notes for designers) 0.8958333333333334 Napprezzaw kieku l-elementi grafiċi ma jiżdidux, bl-eċċezzjoni ta' logos addizzjonali. We would appreciate that graphic elements are not added, with the exception of additional logos. 0.8333333333333334 Ir-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi - theddida dejjem tikber għas-saħħa tal-bniedem Antibiotic resistance - an increasing threat to human health - Design files - EN - [ZIP-3.71 MB] 0.9772727272727273 L-ECDC lest li jerġa' jiċċekkja l-modifiki. ECDC is happy to double check modifications. 1.3513513513513513 124,000 resident għandhom minn tal-inqs HAI waħda; 124 000 residents have least one HAI. 1.2894736842105263 98,000 pazjent għandhom minn tal-inqas HAI waħda; 98 000 patients have at least one HAI; 1.1836065573770491 HAIs fl-isptarijiet (pereżempju, il-pulmonite, infezzjonijiet fis-sit kirurġiku u infezzjonijiet fil-fluss tad-demm) normalment huma aktar severi u għandhom impatt akbar minn HAIs fil-faċilitajiet ta' kura fit-tul (pereżempju, infezzjonijiet respiratorji li mhumiex pulmonite, infezzjonijiet fil-kanal tal-awrina, u infezzjonijiet tal-ġilda u tat-tessut artab). HAIs in hospitals (for example, pneumonia, surgical site infections and bloodstream infections) are usually more severe and have a higher impact than HAIs in long-term care facilities (for example, respiratory infections other than pneumonia, urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections). 1.125 Doża waħda hija normalment biżżejjed għal profilassi kirurġika. One dose is usually sufficient for surgical prophylaxis. 0.9587628865979382 7 minn 10 antimikrobiċi ġew preskritti għall-kura ta' infezzjoni u 3 minn 10 għal profilassi. 7 in 10 antimicrobials were prescribed for treatment of an infection and 3 in 10 for prophylaxis. 1.1821305841924399 Fl-2016-2017, l-ECDC ikkoordina t-tieni stħarriġ dwar il-prevalenza puntwali ta' infezzjonijiet assoċjati mal-kura tas-saħħa u l-użu antimikrobiku fi sptarijiet Ewropej ta' kura akuta u t-tielet stħarriġ dwar il-prevalenza puntwali ta' infezzjonijiet assoċjati mal-kura tas-saħħa u l-użu antimikrobiku fil-faċilitajiet Ewropej ta' kura fit-tul. In 2016-2017, ECDC coordinated the second point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals and the third point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European long-term care facilities. 1.18 Il-bidla minn parenterali għal orali ġiet irrappurtata f'4 % biss tal-preskrizzjonijiet ta' antimikrobiċi parenterali. Parenteral-to-oral switch was reported in only 4% of the prescriptions of parenteral antimicrobials. 1.0573770491803278 1 minn 10 preskrizzjonijiet antimikrobiċi kienu għall-profilassi medika, li għaliha hemm biss numru limitat ta' indikazzjonijiet. 1 in 10 antimicrobial prescriptions were for medical prophylaxis, for which there only is a limited number of indications. 1.0172413793103448 7 minn 10 antimikrobiċi ġew amministrati b'mod parenterali. 7 out of 10 antimicrobials were administered parenterally. 1.1294117647058823 3 minn 4 korsijiet tal-profilassi ngħataw biex jiġu evitati infezzjonijiet fil-kanal tal-awrina. 3 out of 4 of the prophylaxis courses were given to prevent urinary tract infections. 1.1219512195121952 Il-proporzjon ta' antibijotiċi b'azzjoni mifruxa varja minn 16 % għal 62 % fl-Ewropa kollha. The proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics varied from 16% to 62% across Europe. 1.1428571428571428 Is-sejbiet huma miġbura fil-qosor fi tliet artikli tal-Eurosurveillance: The findings are summarised in three Eurosurveillance articles: 1.196969696969697 1 minn 24 resident f'faċilità ta' kura fit-tul għandu minn tal-inqas HAI waħda; 1 in 24 long-term care facilities residents have at least one HAI; 0.6275862068965518 76 % tal-isptarijiet irrappurtaw id-disponibbiltà tal-linji gwida dwar l-użu antimikrobiku. 76% of hospitals reported the availability of antimicrobial use guidelines. 54% reported some dedicated staff time for antimicrobial stewardship. 1.3333333333333333 1 minn 15-il pazjent tal-isptar għandu minn tal-inqas HAI waħda; 1 in 15 hospital patients have at least one HAI; 0.6271186440677966 Barra minn hekk, 1 biss minn 5 LTCFs tingħata taħriġ regolari dwar il-preskrizzjoni adegwata ta' antimikrobiċi. Depending on the country, all or none of the LTCFs have antimicrobial use guidelines. Moreover, only 1 in 5 LTFCs have regular training on appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. 1.108695652173913 L-antimikrobiċi normalment jiġu preskritti u jikkontribwixxu għall-iżvilupp ta' reżistenza għall-antimikrobiċi fil-faċilitajiet ta' kura fit-tul (LTCFs). Antimicrobials are commonly prescribed and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). 1.016260162601626 Huwa stmat li total ta' 8.9 miljuni HAIs iseħħu kull sena fl-isptarijiet u fil-faċilitajiet Ewropej ta' kura fit-tul f'daqqa. A total of 8.9 million HAIs were estimated to occur each year in European hospitals and long-term care facilities combined. 1.1081081081081081 1 minn 2 korsijiet tal-profilassi kirurġika ġie preskritt għal aktar minn ġurnata. 1 in 2 surgical prophylaxis courses were prescribed for more than one day. 1.0344827586206897 Sir af dwar il-problema tar-reżistenza antibijotika, x'inhu l-kontribut tal-użu tal-antibijotiċi, u kif jista' jiġi promoss l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi u għala għandu jsir dan. This infographic highlights the threat that antibiotic resistance poses and the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship programmes to address the issue from different angles. 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 14 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 2 // 16 Results found 1.625 l-influwenza. Sort by: 0.875 Lanqas mhuma l-antibijotiċi. Self-medication with antibiotics 1.0 infografika - infographic - 1.320754716981132 skeda informattiva, materjal ta' informazzjoni, materjal tat-toolkit - infographic, information material, toolkit material - 0.9479166666666666 7 / 10 antimikrobiċi ġew preskritti għall-kura ta' infezzjoni u 3 minn 10 għall-profilassi. 7 / 10 antimicrobials were prescribed for treatment of an infection and 3 in 10 for prophylaxis. 1.3636363636363635 Issortja skont: SAVE LIVES: 2.0 Niżżel KB] 1.2865168539325842 Is-sett ta' għodod jinkludi: messaġġi ewlenin, lista ta' kontroll għal preskriventi, fuljetti informattivi, infografika dwar amministrazzjoni ta' antibijotiċi, fuljetti, ittri, kartelluni, preżentazzjoni, kards tal-midja soċjali. The toolkit includes: key messages, checklist for prescribers, factsheets, infographic about antibiotic stewardship, leaflets, letters, posters, presentation, social media cards. 0.5306122448979592 - Maniġers/amministraturi, - Infection prevention and control professionals, 1.099290780141844 Dan jirreferi għall-qbil milħuq minn esperti tal-ECDC, membri tal-Kumitat Konsultattiv Tekniku tal-EAAD, u esperti esterni oħrajn u partijiet ikkonċernati. This refers to the agreement reached by ECDC experts, EAAD Technical Advisory Committee members, and other external experts and stakeholders. 0.9635036496350365 Uħud mill-messaġġi huma indikati bħala "konsensus espert", minflok ma jkunu marbuta ma' referenza meħuda mil-letteratura xjentifika. Some of the messages are indicated to be "expert consensus", instead of being linked to a reference taken from the scientific literature. 1.25 Il-kompiti tiegħek relatati mat-titjib tal-użu tal-antibijotiċi jinkludu [31,56,68,71,83]: Your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [31,56,68,71,83]: 0.990909090909091 Ipprovdi rispons u pariri lill-preskriventi dwar l-evalwazzjoni dijanjostika u l-kura tal-mard infettiv [83]. Provide feedback and advice to prescribers on diagnostic evaluation and treatment of infectious diseases [83]. 0.984375 b) Tikkollabora mal-ispiżjar tal-isptar u l-mikrobijoloġist kliniku biex timplimenta l-programm ta' kontroll tal-antibijotiċi; b) Collaborating with the hospital pharmacist and the clinical microbiologist to implement the antibiotic stewardship programme; 1.223529411764706 f) Taqsam informazzjoni dwar il-mikrobijoloġija lokali u x-xejriet tar-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi; u, f) Sharing information on local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns; and, 1.2035398230088497 e) Timplimenta linji gwida għall-antibijotiċi tal-isptar ibbażati fuq l-evidenza għal infezzjonijiet komuni u għal profilassi kirurġika; e) Implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines for common infections and for surgical prophylaxis; 1.3298969072164948 g) Tiġġestixxi l-formularju tal-antibijotiċi tal-isptar tiegħek (jiġifieri, l-lista ta' mediċini disponibbli għall-preskriventi). g) Managing your hospital's antibiotic formulary (i.e., list of drugs available for prescribers). 1.3214285714285714 Dawn għandhom ikunu disponibbli faċilment u b'mod affidabbli għall-fornituri kollha tal-kura tas-saħħa [56,69]. These should be readily and reliably accessible to all healthcare providers [56,69]. 1.3043478260869565 Ħarreġ b'mod regolari lill-preskriventi tal-isptar dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiku u pparteċipa f'laqgħat dwar l-implimentazzjoni ta' linji gwida tal-antibijotiċi tal-isptar ibbażati fuq l-evidenza [31,53] Regularly train hospital prescribers on prudent antibiotic use and participate in meetings on implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines [31,53]. 1.1160714285714286 Tappoġġja l-iżvilupp u l-implimentazzjoni ta' programm tal-amministrazzjoni tal-antibijotiċi fl-organizzazzjoni tiegħek [69]. Support the development and implementation of an antibiotic stewardship programme within your organisation [69]. 1.247787610619469 Iċċekkja li l-preskrizzjonijiet tal-antibijotiċi jsegwu protokolli tal-kuri bl-antibijotiċi, ibbażati fuq linji gwida bbażati fuq l-evidenza. 4. Check that antibiotic prescriptions follow antibiotic treatment protocols, based on evidence-based guidelines. 0.7727272727272727 pubbliku ġenerali primary care providers 1.2266666666666666 Mudell għal djalogu mal-pazjent ibbażat fuq l-evidenza disponibbli jipprovdi linji gwida u appoġġ għat-tobba li joħorġu riċetti fis-settur tal-kura primarja li jiltaqgħu ma' pressjoni mill-pazjent għall-antibijotiċi, u jippromowovi l-użu xieraq tal-antibijotiċi mill-pazjenti. A model for a patient dialogue on the basis of available evidence provides guidance and support for primary care prescribers who encounter patient pressure for antibiotics, and promotes appropriate antibiotic use by patients. 1.3918918918918919 Dan jista' jintuża bħala skeda informattiva jew bħala messaġġ ta' tfakkira waqt il-konsulatazzjonijiet. It can be used as a fact sheet or as a desk reminder during consultations. 0.1935483870967742 Niżżel Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail 1.3 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 2 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 3 Results found 1.0275229357798166 L-infografika tispjega x'inhi r-reżistenza għall-antibjotiċi u tenfasizza l-firxa tal-problemi li qed naffaċċjaw minħabba r-reżistenza għall-antibjotiċi u l-konsum tal-antibijotiċi fil-bnedmin - fi sptarijiet u fil-komunità. The infographic explains what antibiotic resistance is and highlights the extent of the problems that we are facing due to antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption in humans - in hospitals and in the community. 0.9215686274509803 JUM EWROPEW GĦALL-GĦARFIEN DWAR L-ANTIBIJOTIĊI Infographic about antibiotic stewardship programmes 1.2394366197183098 Jekk ikollkom dubju, ikkonsultaw mat-tim tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi [31,42,53,70,71]: If in doubt, consult with antibiotic stewardship team [31,42,53,70,71]: 1.1122448979591837 • Tfittxu gwida u parir mingħand kollega superjuri jew mingħand membru tat-tim tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi; • Seek guidance and advice from a senior colleague or a member of the antibiotic stewardship team; 1.2483660130718954 Tiddokumentaw l-indikazzjoni ta' trattament bl-antibijotiku, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul ta' żmien tat-trattament fiċ-ċart tal-pazjent [31,42,70,71]. Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart [31,42,70,71]. 1.0 Messaġġi ewlenin għal tobba żgħar u studenti Key messages for junior doctors and students 1.0 a) Hemm probabbiltà għolja ta' infezzjoni batterika, iktar milli kolonizzazzjoni jew infezzjoni virali? a) Is there a high probability of a bacterial infection, rather than colonisation or a viral infection? 1.0941176470588236 Kun żgur li l-pazjenti (u l-familji tagħhom) jifhmu r-raġuni għat-terapija bl-antibijotiku u l-punti ewlenin relatati mal-użu tal-antibijotiku, inkluż biex [31,69] [kunsens tal-esperti]: Ensure that patients (and their families) understand the reason for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to [31,69] [expert consensus]: 0.9493670886075949 b) Inġabru l-kulturi xierqa qabel ingħatat bidu t-terapija bl-antibijotiċi? b) Have the appropriate cultures been taken before starting antibiotic therapy? 1.0125 Qabel ma tippreskrivu antibijotiku, għandkom [25,26,53,70] [kunsens tal-esperti]: Before you prescribe an antibiotic, you should [25,26,53,70] [expert consensus]: 0.971830985915493 d) Il-pazjent għandu infezzjoni li se tirrispondi għall-antibijotiċi? d) Does the patient have an infection that will respond to antibiotics? 1.0926829268292684 Meta taraw antibijotiku preskritt, staqsu lill-preskrivent dwar l-indikazzjoni, l-għażla, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul tat-trattament, biex tifhmu jekk dan huwiex isegwi l-linji gwida tal-antibijotiċi [69]. When you see an antibiotic prescribed, ask the prescriber about the indication, choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment, to understand if this is follows antibiotic guidelines [69]. 1.1397379912663756 c) Iċċekkjajt għall-użu riċenti tal-antibijotiċi, l-allerġiji għall-mediċini, l-użu tat-terapija immunosuppressiva, rikoveru l-isptar jew istituzzjonalizzazzjoni riċenti, vjaġġar riċenti barra mill-Ewropa u r-riżultati tal-mikrobijoloġija għat-3 xhur ta' qabel? c) Have you checked for recent antibiotic use, drug allergies, use of immunosuppressive therapy, recent hospitalisation or institutionalisation, recent travel outside of Europe, and microbiology results for the previous 3 months? 1.2380952380952381 c) Qatt ma jużaw antibijotiċi li jkun fadlilhom minn trattamenti preċedenti; u c) Never use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments; and 1.303030303030303 Irrispondu l-mistoqsijiet ewlenin li ġejjin biex tottimizzaw it-terapija antibijotika. Answer the following key questions to optimise antibiotic therapy. 1.1944444444444444 Il-kompiti tagħkom relatati mat-titjib tal-użu antibijotiku jinkludu [42,56,76,94,95]: Your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [42,56,76,94,95]: 1.3636363636363635 Affarijiet li għandek tkun taf Things you should know 1.0507246376811594 b) Tikkollaboraw mal-ispeċjalista tal-mard infettiv u mal-mikrobijoloġista kliniku biex timplimentaw il-programm għall-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi; b) Collaborating with the infectious disease specialist and the clinical microbiologist to implement the antibiotic stewardship programme; 1.2024539877300613 Il-forom ta' ordni speċjali jillimitaw it-tul tal-profilassi antibijotika perioperattiva u jnaqqsu l-inċidenza tal-infezzjonijiet tal-postijiet kirurġiċi, l-użu u l-ispejjeż tal-antibijotiċi [56]. Special order forms limit the duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and reduce the incidence of surgical site infections, antibiotic use and costs [56]. 1.28 h) Tiġġestixxu l-formularju antimikrobjali tal-isptar tagħkom (jiġifieri, il-lista tal-mediċini disponibbli għall-preskriventi). h) Managing your hospital's antimicrobial formulary (i.e., list of drugs available for prescribers). 1.248062015503876 Tipprovdu rispons u pariri lill-preskriventi dwar l-għażla tal-antibijotiċi, id-doża, l-ottimizzazzjoni tat-tul taż-żmien u r-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni [31,94]. Provide feedback and advice to prescribers on antibiotic choice, dose, duration optimisation and route of administration [31,94]. 1.3173652694610778 Ħarrġu b'mod regolari lill-preskriventi ta' sptar dwar l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi u pparteċipaw f'laqgħat dwar l-implimentazzjoni ta' linji gwida dwar l-antibijotiċi tal-isptar ibbażati fuq l-evidenza [31,53,94,95]. Train hospital prescribers regularly on prudent antibiotic use and participate in meetings on implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines [31,53,94,95]. 0.5666666666666667 it-tnaqqis tat-tul tat-terapija parenterali, mingħajr ma jħalli impatt fuq ir-riżultati kliniċi) [56]. 3. Pharmacist-led parenteral-to-oral switches improve clinical outcomes (e.g. shortening the duration of parenteral therapy without negatively impacting on clinical outcomes) [56]. 0.7857142857142857 INIZJATTIVA EWROPEA DWAR IS-SAĦĦA Remove this filter Type: materiālu rīkkopa 1.1714285714285715 f) Tevalwaw mill-ġdid it-trattament wara 48-72 siegħa jew meta jkunu disponibbli r-riżultati mill-kampjuni mikrobijoloġiċi; f) Re-evaluating treatment after 48-72 hours, or when results from microbiological samples are available; 1.7647058823529411 Affarijiet li għandek tkun taf Things you can do 1.098159509202454 Aċċertaw li l-pazjenti (u l-familji tagħhom) jifhmu r-raġunijiet għat-terapija antibijotika u l-punti ewlenin relatati mal-użu tal-antibijotiċi, inkluż biex [kunsens tal-esperti]: Ensure that patients (and their families) understand the reasons for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to [expert consensus]: 1.1049723756906078 c) Tiddokumentaw l-indikazzjoni għall-kura tal-antibijotiċi, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul tat-trattament, fiċ-ċart tal-pazjent, meta tippreskrivi antibijotiku; c) Documenting the indication for antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment, in the patient chart, when you prescribe an antibiotic; 1.2203389830508475 h) Tikkunsidraw ix-xejriet ta' reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi u l-mikrobijoloġija lokali meta tippreskrivu trattamenti tal-antibijotiċi empiriċi; h) Considering local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns when prescribing empirical antibiotic treatments; 1.25 Bħala preskriventi tal-isptar, il-kompiti tagħkom relatati mat-titjib fl-użu tal-antibijotiċi jinkludu li [31,42,43,52-54,56,70,71,90]: As hospital prescribers your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [31,42,43,52-54,56,70,71,90]: 1.144927536231884 Il-preskrizzjoni tal-iktar trattament tal-antibijotiku qasir ibbażat fuq l-evidenza jnaqqas il-feġġa ta' batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi [54,56,71,91]. Prescribing the shortest evidence-based duration of antibiotic treatment reduces emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [54,56,71,91]. 1.1513157894736843 Qlib immexxi minn spiżjar minn parenterali għal orali rriżulta f'tul taż-żmien iqsar tat-terapija parenterali mingħajr ma ħallia impatt negattiv fuq ir-riżultati kliniċi [56]. 9. A pharmacist-led parenteral-to-oral switch resulted in shortened parenteral therapy durations without negatively impacting on clinical outcomes [56]. 1.0950920245398772 b) Tidentifikaw l-isfond tal-pazjenti individwali rilevanti meta tevalwaw il-bżonn ta' preskrizzjoni antibijotika, inkluż l-użu riċenti tal-antibijotiċi, allerġiji għall-mediċini, l-użu ta' terapija immunosoppressiva, rikoveru l-isptar jew istituzzjonalizzazzjoni reċenti, vjaġġar riċenti barra mill-Ewropa u riżultati mikrobijoloġiċi għat-3 xhur ta' qabel; b) Identifying relevant individual patient background when evaluating the need for an antibiotic prescription, including recent antibiotic use, drug allergies, use of immunosuppressive therapy, recent hospitalisation or institutionalisation, recent travel outside of Europe, and microbiology results for the previous 3 months; 1.1521739130434783 It-tempiżmu korrett u t-tul ottimali tal-profilassi tal-antibijotiċi għall-kirurġija jwassal għal inqas infezzjonijiet fuq il-post tal-kirurġija u jnaqqas il-feġġa ta' batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi [73]. 5. Correct timing and optimal duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery leads to fewer surgical site infections, and decreases the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [73]. 1.048780487804878 Remove this filter Type: netwerks u sħubiji Remove this filter Type: toolkit material 2.2 Dwar il-jum About 1.1875 Il-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi huwa inizjattiva Ewropea dwar is-saħħa pubblika li tiġi organizzata fit-18 ta' Novembru ta' kull sena sabiex jitqajjem għarfien dwar it-theddida għas-saħħa pubblika mir-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi u l-użu prudenti ta' l-antibijotiċi. The European Antibiotic Awareness Day is an annual European public health initiative that takes place on 18 November to raise awareness about the threat to public health of antibiotic resistance and the importance of prudent antibiotic use. 1.2876712328767124 L-użu prudenti ta' l-antibijotiċi jista' jgħin biex iwaqqaf il-batterji reżistenti milli jiżviluppaw u jgħin sabiex l-antibijotiċi jinżammu effettivi għall-użu min ġenerazzjonijiet futuri. Prudent use of antibiotics can help stop resistant bacteria from developing and help keep antibiotics effective for the use of future generations. 1.0842105263157895 L-aħħar data tikkonferma li madwar l-Unjoni Ewropea, in-numru ta' pazjenti nfettati mill-batterji reżistenti qiegħed jiżdied u li r-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi hija ta' theddida kbira għas-saħħa pubblika. The latest data confirms that across the European Union the number of patients infected by resistant bacteria is increasing and that antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health. 1.196078431372549 • 65 % irrappurtaw tnaqqis fit-tul tas-soġġorn jew mortalità; • 65% reported reduced length of stay or mortality; 1.105263157894737 • Jintuża spettru wiesa' tal-antibijotiċi; • Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used; 1.194915254237288 - Il-pazjenti għandhom riskju ikbar ta' 24 % tal-mortalità bi kwalunkwe infezzjoni Pseudomonas aeruginosa reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi [13]. - Patients have a 24% increased risk of mortality with any antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [13]. 1.1136363636363635 Batterji gram-negattivi, bħalma huma Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa u Acinetobacter spp., qegħdin isiru reżistenti għall-maġġoranza tal-antibijotiċi disponibbli [16,17]. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp., are becoming resistant to most available antibiotics [16,17]. 1.0277777777777777 • 80 % irrappurtaw tnaqqis fin-nefqa; • 80% reported reduced expenditures; 1.1372549019607843 c) It-tnaqqis fl-episodji avversi mill-użu antibijotiku; u c) Reducing adverse events from antibiotic use; and 1.0897435897435896 Id-direttorju tal-ECDC (link) jinkludi riżorsi onlajn għall-iżvilupp ta' linji gwida. The ECDC directory (link) contains online resources for developing guidelines. 1.2771084337349397 Programmi dwar il-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi jistgħu jikkontribwixxu għal [42,45,46] [kunsens tal-esperti]: Antibiotic stewardship programmes, can contribute to [42,45,46] [expert consensus]: 1.2123893805309736 Il-programmi dwar il-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi jistgħu jnaqqsu b'suċċess ir-rati tal-infezzjoni b'Clostridium difficile [19,22,43,44,48]. Antibiotic stewardship programmes can successfully reduce Clostridium difficile infection rates [19,22,43,44,48]. 1.1694915254237288 • 96 % tal-isptarijiet irrappurtaw ħruġ ta' riċetta inqas inadegwata; • 96% hospitals reported reduced inappropriate prescribing; 1.3214285714285714 • 71 % irrappurtaw tnaqqis fl-infezzjonijiet assoċjati mal-kura tas-saħħa; • 71% reported reduced healthcare-associated infections; 1.0982142857142858 c) Inqas trattamenti antibijotiċi effettivi għal pazjenti immunosuppressi u dawk li jgħaddu minn operazzjonijiet kirurġiċi. c) Fewer effective antibiotic treatments for immunosuppressed patients and those undergoing surgical operations; 1.1627906976744187 L-inizjattivi ta' ġestjoni antimikrobjali li jippromwovu l-użu antibijotiku prudenti jissejjħu programmi dwar il-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi [19,42-45]. Antimicrobial management initiatives that promote prudent antibiotic use are called antibiotic stewardship programmes [19,42-45]. 1.167741935483871 e) It-terapija antibijotika ma tiġix riveduta wara 48-72 siegħa; jew l-għażla tal-antibijotiku ma tiġix issimplifikata meta ir-riżultat tal-kultura mikrobijoloġika jsir disponibbli. e) Antibiotic therapy is not reviewed after 48-72 hours, or the choice of antibiotic is not streamlined when microbiological culture data become available. 1.196078431372549 • 58 % irrappurtaw tnaqqis fir-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi. • 58% reported reductions in antibiotic resistance. 1.1879699248120301 e) Taħriġ u edukazzjoni għall-persunal mediku, farmaċewtiku, tal-laboratorju, tal-infermiera u dak mhux kliniku, kif ukoll għall-pazjenti u l-familji tagħhom; e) Training and education for medical, pharmacy, laboratory, nursing, and non-clinical staff, as well as patients and their families; 1.245 Fl-isptarijiet Ewropej, l-infezzjonijiet b'Clostridium difficile jistgħu jwasslu sa żieda ta' 42 % fil-mortalità, 19-il jum addizzjonali ta' soġġorn fl-isptarijiet u iktar minn EUR 14,000 ta' spejjeż kostijiet addizzjonali għal kull pazjent [23,24]. In European hospitals, Clostridium difficile infections can lead to up to a 42% increase in mortality, 19 extra days of hospital stay, and more than EUR 14,000 of additional costs per patient [23,24]. 1.4 b) Iż-żieda fir-rati tal-kura tal-infezzjonijiet u t-tnaqqis fil-fallimenti tat-trattament; b) Increasing infection cure rates and reduce treatment failures; 1.0389610389610389 Spanja - Wara sena waħda biss, l-edukazzjoni dwar il-linji gwida flimkien ma' rispons regolari irriżultat f'titjib ta' 26 % fir-rata ta' trattamenti adegwati u fi tnaqqis ta' 42 % tal-konsum antibijotiku fi sptar ta' tagħlim terzjarju [67]. Spain - After only one year, education on guidelines combined with regular feedback led to a 26% improvement in the rate of appropriate treatments, and a 42% reduction of antibiotic consumption at a tertiary teaching hospital [67]. 1.2359550561797752 L-użu ħażin tal-antibijotiċi jżid l-inċidenza ta' infezzjonijiet ikkawżati minn Clostridium difficile [19-22]. Misusing antibiotics increases the incidence of Clostridium difficile infections [19-22]. 1.0481283422459893 a) Dewmien fl-aċċess għal terapija antibijotika effettiva għal pazjenti individwali, jikkawża fallimenti fit-trattament, mard itwal, rikoveru mtawwal fl-isptar u żieda fil-morbidità u l-mortalità; a) Delayed access to effective antibiotic therapy for individual patients, causing treatment failures, longer illnesses, prolonged stays in hospital and increased morbidity and mortality; 1.1465968586387434 Il-Polonja - L-iżvilupp ta' linji gwida għal riċetti għal antibijotiċi u approvazzjoni ta' awtorizzazzjoni minn qabel għal antibijotiċi ristretti naqqas il-konsum totali ta' antibijotiċi f'sala pedjatrika ġenerali [66]. Poland - Developing guidelines for antibiotic prescriptions and pre-authorisation approval for restricted antibiotics decreased total antibiotic consumption in a general paediatric ward [66]. 1.1072961373390557 In-NetherlandsL-Olanda - Verifiki tal-każijiet għall-valutazzjoni mill-ġdid tal-użu wara 48 siegħa naqqsu l-konsum tal-antibijotiċi u t-tul ta' rikoveru f'unità uroloġika ta' sptar akkademiku u kellhom ukoll redditu pożittiv dirett fuq l-investiment [64,65]. Netherlands - Case audits for the reassessment of antibiotic use after 48 hours reduced antibiotic consumption and length of stay in a urology ward of an academic hospital, and also had a positive direct return on investment [64,65]. 1.1754385964912282 • 86 % irrappurtaw tnaqqis fl-użu ta' antibijotiċi b'firxa wiesgħa; • 86% reported reduced use of broad-spectrum antibiotics; 1.075 d) Verifika proattiva ta' preskrizzjonijiet antibijotiċi b'rispons lil membri tat-tim; d) Proactive auditing of antibiotic prescriptions with feedback to team members; 1.0217391304347827 b) Il-ħatra ta' mexxejja li huma responsabbli għall-programm globali u għall-użu antibijotiku. b) Appointing leaders that are responsible for the overall programme and for antibiotic use. 0.9897435897435898 Franza - L-użu ristrett ta' fluworokinolon naqqas il-konsum ta' din il-klassi ta' antibijotiċi u naqqas ir-rata ta' Staphylococcus aureus reżistenti għall-metiċillina fi sptar ta' tagħlim [58]. 22. France - Restricting use of fluoroquinolones reduced consumption of this class of antibiotics and decreased the rate of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a teaching hospital [58]. 0.7777777777777778 Applika IN EUROPE 1.2647058823529411 Paġna 11 minn 11 // 108 Riżultati li nstabu Page 11 of 30 // 291 Results found 1.625 infografika - Sort by: 1.6818181818181819 fornituri tal-kura tas-saħħa primarja primary care providers 1.45 Avveniment dirett fuq Twitter Global Twitter storm 2.6724137931034484 Jekk tixtieq tappoġġja l-kampanja, ixxerred messaġġi, stampi jew vidjos matul il-ġimgħa tat-12-18 ta' Novembru 2018, uża l-hashtag #KeepAntibioticsWorking. November 2019, using the hashtag #KeepAntibioticsWorking . 1.1006711409395973 70 sena biss wara l-introduzzjoni tal-antibijotiċi, qegħdin niffaċċjaw il-possibbiltà ta' futur mingħajr mediċini effettivi għall-kura ta' infezzjonijiet batteriċi. Only 70 years after the introduction of antibiotics, we are facing the possibility of a future without effective drugs to treat bacterial infections. 0.7058823529411765 Ir-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi - fejn wasalna? #EAAD, #AntibioticResistance, #Antibiotics & #KeepAntibioticsWorking 1.5384615384615385 Stejjer ta' pazjenti Results found 1.2424242424242424 Mingħajr #antibijotiċi, mhux se nkunu nistgħu nindirizzaw infezzjonijiet sempliċi. Without #antibiotics, we won't be able to treat simple infections. 1.1022727272727273 Pazjenti, tobba, infermiera: kulħadd huwa responsabbli sabiex juża l-antibijotiċi b'mod prudenti. Patients, doctors, nurses: it is everyone's responsibility to use antibiotics prudently. 1.3984375 L-użu prudenti ta' #antibijotiċi u l-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll ta' infezzjonijiet jistgħu jiġġieldu kontra #Reżistenzagħall-Antibijotiċi u jgħinu rigward #Żomml-AntibijotiċiJaħdmu. Prudent use of #antibiotics and infection prevention & control can fight #AntibioticResistance and help #KeepAntibioticsWorking. 1.0833333333333333 #Żomml-AntibijotiċiJaħdmu. #KeepAntibioticsWorking. 1.2346938775510203 #Antibijotiċi huma effettivi biss kontra infezzjonijiet batteriċi u ma jistgħux jgħinu f'każ ta' irjiħat jew #influwenza. #Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and cannot help against cold or #flu. 1.1428571428571428 Messaġġi ewlenin għall-pubbliku ġenerali Key messages for the general public 1.0845070422535212 L-antibijotiċi spiss jikkawżaw effetti sekondarji bħal dijarrea [1, 2, 7, 8]. Antibiotics often give you side effects such as diarrhoea [1, 2, 7, 8]. 1.0 Iżżommx kuri ta' antibijotiċi li jifdallek [10]. Do not keep leftover antibiotic treatments [10]. 1.1 L-antibijotiċi huma effikaċi biss kontra infezzjonijiet batteriċi. Antibiotics are effective only against bacterial infections. 1.125 L-użu ta' antibijotiċi jġiegħel lill-batterji jsiru reżistenti għall-kuri antibijotiċi [3, 4, 5], għaldaqstant huwa importanti li ma tiħux antibijotiċi għar-raġunijiet żbaljati jew b'mod inkorrett [1, 2, 9]. Antibiotic use causes bacteria to become resistant to antibiotic treatments [3, 4, 5], therefore it is important not to take antibiotics for the wrong reasons or incorrectly [1, 2, 9]. 1.0 Meta għandi nieħu antibijotiċi? When should I take antibiotics? 1.2040816326530612 infografika materjal ta' informazzjoni materjal tat-toolkit infographic information material toolkit material 1.054054054054054 70 sena biss wara l-introduzzjoni tal-antibijotiċi, qegħdin naffaċċjaw il-possibbiltà ta' futur mingħajr antibijotiċi effettivi għat-trattament ta' pazjenti infettati b'diversi tipi ta' batterji. Only 70 years after the introduction of antibiotics, we are facing the possibility of a future without effective antibiotics for treating patients infected by several types of bacteria. 1.1290322580645162 Il-konsum tal-antibjotiċi jvarja ħafna bejn il-pajjiżi tal-UE/taż-ŻEE. Antibiotic consumption varies widely between EU/EEA countries. 1.0 Barra minn hekk, l-infografika turi l-perċentwali ta' reżistenza kontra l-aktar gruppi ta' antibijotiċi komuni. Furthermore, the infographic shows the percentages of resistance against the most common groups of antibiotics. 1.1282051282051282 • Tnaqqis tal-konsum tal-antibijotiċi b'20%, Reducing antibiotic consumption by 20%, 1.4242424242424243 • Tnaqqis tal-ispejjeż tal-antibijotiċi bi 33%. Reducing antibiotic costs by 33%. 1.1323529411764706 L-implementazzjoni ta' programmi ta' kontroll antibijotiku rriżultat fi [46]: Implementing antibiotic stewardship programmes has resulted in [46]: 1.1944444444444444 Il-kompiti tiegħek relatati mat-titjib tal-użu antibijotiku jinkludu [31,42,56,71,75]: Your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [31,42,56,71,75]: 1.0601092896174864 Tipprovdi fondi u riżorsi għall-programm tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi (inkluż eż., salarji għal persunal iddedikat, kapaċitajiet tal-IT, testijiet dijanjostiċi rapidi u ta' punt ta' kura) [31]. 13. Provide funds and resources for an antibiotic stewardship programme (including e.g., salaries for dedicated staff, IT capabilities, rapid and point-of-care diagnostic tests) [31]. 1.0606060606060606 c) L-implimentazzjoni ta' attivitajiet u taħriġ edukattivi mmirati li: c) Implementing targeted educational activities and training that: 1.0890410958904109 L-ispeċjalisti tal-mard infettiv, il-mikrobijoloġisti kliniċi u l-ispiżjara kliniċi huma kollha mexxejja ewlenin fit-tim tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi [56,76]. Infectious disease specialists, clinical microbiologists, and clinical pharmacists are all key leaders in the antibiotic stewardship team [56,76]. 1.1953125 e) Tistabbilixxi indikaturi tal-kwalità u metriċi tal-kwantità biex tkejjel il-progress u r-riżultati tal-programm tal-amministrazzjoni tal-antibijotiċi; e) Setting quality indicators and quantity metrics to measure the progress and outcomes of the antibiotic stewardship programme; 0.9848484848484849 i. tottimizza l-ġestjoni dijanjostika u terapewtika tal-pazjenti; i. optimise the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients; 1.184782608695652 a) L-istabbiliment ta' tim multidixxiplinarju għall-programm tiegħek ta' kontroll tal-antibijotiċi fl-isptar. a) Establishing a multidisciplinary team for your hospital antibiotic stewardship programme. 1.1965811965811965 • deċiżjonijiet appoġġjati mill-kompjuter, li jorbtu l-indikazzjoni klinika, id-dejta mikrobijoloġika u l-preskrizzjoni ta' dejta flimkien u computer-supported decisions, which link clinical indication, microbiological data and prescribing data together, and 1.2293577981651376 Tagħti prijorità lill-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi u l-politiki tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet, kif ukoll strateġiji u attivitajiet li jappoġġjaw l-użu prudenti tal-antibijotiċi u li jipprevjenu l-firxa tal-batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi [31,71]. Prioritise antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control policies, as well as strategies and activities that support prudent antibiotic use and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [31,71]. 1.125 Tagħti fondi u tippromwovi attivitajiet edukattivi, taħriġ u laqgħat dwar il-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi u r-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi għall-professjonisti tal-kura tas-saħħa kollha (tobba, speċjalisti tal-mard infettiv, spiżjara, mikrobijoloġisti u persunal tal-infermiera) [19,53,56]. Fund and promote educational activities, training, and meetings about antibiotic stewardship and antibiotic resistance for all healthcare professionals (physicians, infectious disease specialists, pharmacists, microbiologists and nursing staff) [19,53,56]. 1.1487603305785123 d) Tippromwovi preskriventi u mexxejja tat-timijiet ta' kontroll tal-antibijotiċi biex jikkollaboraw u jwettqu verifika u rispons proattiv. d) Promoting prescribers and antibiotic stewardship team leaders to collaborate and conduct proactive audit and feedback. 1.2916666666666667 • l-użu ta' testijiet dijanjostiċi rapidi u ta' punt ta' kura. use of rapid and point-of-care diagnostic tests. 1.35 Bħalissa madwar l-Ewropa diġà qegħdin jiġu organizzati għadd ta' inizjattivi sabiex jitwasslu l-messaġġi dwar ir-riskji assoċjati ma' l-użu mhux xieraq ta' l-antibijotiċi u qed tiġi mogħtija informazzjoni dwar l-użu prudenti ta'l-antibijotiċi. A number of initiatives are taking place across Europe to spread the messages on the risks associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics and how to take antibiotics responsibly. 0.3157894736842105 Kampanji fl-Ewropa Belgian Antibiotic Policy Coordination Committee (BAPCOC) 2.75 INIZJATTIVA EWROPEA DWAR IS-SAĦĦA Infographics 0.7567567567567568 immaġni materjal tat-toolkit information material toolkit material 0.6370967741935484 L-udjenzi sekondarji huma maniġers ta' sptarijiet u, f'livell inqas, spiżjara fi sptarijiet u kumitati għall-amministrazzjoni ta' farmaċewtiċi / antibijotiċi. Its objective is to provide practical support to prescribers on the considerations of antibiotic prescribing and the questions they need to ask themselves before, during and after making the decision to administer antibiotic treatments to patients. 1.146341463414634 Messaġġi ewlenin għall-mikrobijoloġisti kliniċi Key messages for clinical microbiologists 1.2574257425742574 Messaġġi ewlenin għall-professjonisti tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet tal-isptar u l-epidemjoloġisti tal-isptar Key messages for hospital infection prevention and control professionals and hospital epidemiologists 1.1714285714285715 infografika, materjal ta' informazzjoni - infographic, information material - 1.2580645161290323 Paġna 1 minn 1 // 8 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 1 // 10 Results found 1.4489795918367347 Reżistenza li qed tikber għal antibijotiċi tal-aħħar ġenerazzjoni: 2013 Growing resistance to last-line antibiotics: 2013 0.8048780487804879 INIZJATTIVA EWROPEA DWAR IS-SAĦĦA See a joint EMA/ECDC/EFSA/EEA infographic 1.1504424778761062 Huwa stmat li total ta' 8.9 miljun HAI iseħħ kull sena flisptarijiet u fil-faċilitajiet tal-kura fuq terminu twil Ewropej f'daqqa. A total of 8.9 million HAIs were estimated to occur each year in European hospitals and long-term care facilities 1.0 Evitaw profilassi antibijotika bla bżonn [31]. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis [31]. 0.9166666666666666 Pereżempju: For example: 1.15 Timplimentaw strateġiji tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet, inkluż [86,87,105]: Implementing infection prevention and control strategies, including [86,87,105]: 1.0486111111111112 Il-parteċipazzjoni regolari fl-attivitajiet edukattivi, kif ukoll rispons u verifiki proattivi, flimkien mat-tim tal-kontroll tal-antibijotiċi [54,56]. Participating in education activities regularly, as well as proactive audits and feedback together with the antibiotic stewardship team [54,56]. 1.1644736842105263 Iddokumentaw l-indikazzjoni tat-trattament antibijotiku, l-għażla tal-mediċina, id-doża, ir-rotta tal-amministrazzjoni u t-tul tat-trattament fiċ-ċart tal-pazjenti[31,42,70,71]. Document the indication of antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment in the patient chart[31,42,70,71]. 1.1984126984126984 Torganizzaw rawnds tal-persunal multidixxiplinarju regolari u diskussjonijiet dwar il-każijiet biex ittejbu l-kwalità tat-trattament antibijotiku [72]. 3. Organising regular multidisciplinary staff rounds and case discussions to improve the quality of antibiotic treatment [72]. 1.175531914893617 Timplimentaw gwida (linji gwida, protokolli u listi ta' kontroll) għall-miżuri ta' prevenzjoni u kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet, flimkien mat-tim tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet [86,87] [kunsens tal-esperti]. Implement guidance (guidelines, protocols and checklists) for infection prevention and control measures, together with the infection prevention and control team [86,87] [expert consensus]. 0.65 b) Is-sett tal-interventi jista' jipprevjeni pulmonite assoċjata mal-ventilaturi fl-unitajiet tal-kura intensiva tal-adulti [108]. a) Complying with a central-line care protocol (for insertion and maintenance), reduces central-line-associated bloodstream infections in all types of intensive care units (adults and neonatal) [107]. 1.1527777777777777 Qisu bir-reqqa l-istorja tal-pazjent meta tippreskrivu antibijotiku, inkluż l-użu tal-antibijotiku riċenti, l-allerġiji għall-mediċini, l-użu ta' terapija immunosuppressiva u fatturi tar-riskju għar-reżistenza għall-antibijotiku (pereżempju, rikoveru riċenti fl-isptar, proċedura riċenti jew vjaġġar riċenti barra mill-Ewropa) [31]. Take a thorough patient history when you prescribe an antibiotic, including recent antibiotic use, drug allergies, use of immunosuppressive therapy, and risk factors for antibiotic resistance (for example, recent hospitalisation, recent procedure or recent travel outside of Europe) [31]. 1.2545454545454546 Meta ssegwu l-miżuri tal-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll tal-infezzjonijiet, tnaqqsu l-inċidenza tal-infezzjonijiet assoċjati mal-kura tas-saħħa. Following infection prevention and control measures reduces the incidence of healthcare-associated infections. 0.18 għas-sepsis) [90]. Following antibiotic treatment protocols, based on evidence-based guidelines (e.g. for sepsis) [90]. 1.3452380952380953 It-tnaqqis u r-razzjonalizzazzjoni tat-terapija tal-antibijotiċi jwasslu għal riżultati aħjar tal-pazjenti [106]. Narrowing or streamlining antibiotic therapy leads to better patient outcomes [106]. 0.5853658536585366 mikrobijoloġisti kliniċi Key messages for clinical microbiologists 1.246031746031746 Tħarrġu lill-preskriventi tal-isptar b'mod regolari dwar ir-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi u dar it-testijiet dijagnostiċi rapidi u ta' punt ta' kura [31,53]. Train hospital prescribers regularly on antibiotic resistance, and on use of rapid and point-of-care diagnostic tests [31,53]. 1.3488372093023255 Il-kompiti tagħkom li għandhom x'jaqsmu mal-użu mtejjeb tal-antibijotiku jinkludu [31,98-100] [kunsens tal-esperti]: Your tasks related to improving antibiotic use include [31,98-100] [expert consensus]: 1.28 j) Tiġġestixxu l-formularju antimikrobjali tal-isptar tagħkom (jiġifieri, il-lista tal-mediċini disponibbli għall-preskriventi). j) Managing your hospital's antimicrobial formulary (i.e., list of drugs available for prescribers). 1.2903225806451613 Paġna 1 minn 2 // 12 Riżultati li nstabu Page 1 of 2 // 14 Results found 1.4579439252336448 Il-messaġġi ewlenin huma bbażati fuq artiklu ppubblikat f'The Lance Infectious Diseases fil-5 ta' Novembru 2018, Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. November 2018, Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. 1.146814404432133 L-artiklu jistma l-piż ta' ħames tipi ta' infezzjonijiet ikkawżati minn batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi , (8 speċi ta' batterji, 16-il kombinazzjoni ta' batterja reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi) ta' tħassib dwar is-saħħa pubblika fil-pajjiżi tal-Unjoni Ewropea u taż-Żona Ekonomika Ewropea (UE/ŻEE) fl-2015, imkejjel fin-numru ta' każijiet, imwiet attribwibbli u snin ta' ħajja aġġustati b'diżabilità (DALYs). The article estimates the burden of five types of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, (8 bacteria species, 16 antibiotic resistance-bacterium combinations) of public health concern in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths and disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs). 1.043010752688172 Dan huwa komparabbli man-numru totali ta' passiġġieri ta' aktar minn 100 ajruplan ta' daqs medju. This is comparable to the total number of passengers of more than 100 medium-sized airplanes. 1.3157894736842106 Il-piż tas-saħħa tar-reżistenza għall-antibijotiċi Health burden of antibiotic resistance 1.0810810810810811 Bejn l-2007 u l-2015, il-piż ta' kull waħda mis-16-il batterja reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi li qed tiġi studjata żdied: 3. Between 2007 and 2015, the burden of each of the 16 antibiotic-resistant bacteria under study has increased: 1.0887096774193548 39 % tal-piż huwa kkawżat mill-infezzjonijiet b'batterji reżistenti għall-antibijotiċi tal-aħħar linja bħall-karbapenemi u l-kolistina. 39% of the burden is caused by infections with bacteria resistant to last-line antibiotics such as carbapenems and colistin. 1.2181818181818183 Kull sena madwar l-Ewropa, l-EAAD jiġi mfakkar fit-18 ta' Novembru. Each year across Europe, EAAD is marked on 18 November. 1.19693094629156 L-ECDC jissieħeb ukoll ma' bosta organizzazzjonijiet professjonali u tal-pazjenti, mal-Kummissjoni Ewropea, mal-Awtorità Ewropea dwar is-Sigurtà fl-Ikel, mal-Aġenzija Ewropea għall-Mediċini u mal-Uffiċċju Reġjonali tal-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa għall-Ewropa, kif ukoll ma' kampanji internazzjonali fl-Istati Uniti, fl-Awstralja, fi New Zealand, fil-Kanada u fil-Ġappun, biex iwettaq numru ta' azzjonijiet biex tiġi indirizzata r-reżistenza għall-antimikrobiċi. ECDC also partners with numerous professional and patient organisations, the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority, the European Medicines Agency and the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, as well international campaigns in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Japan, to undertake a number of actions to address antimicrobial resistance. 0.6753246753246753 L-oqsma ewlenin ta' ħidma tal-ECDC jinkludu s-sorveljanza, l-intelliġenza epidemika, l-iżvilupp ta' gwida bbażata fuq l-evidenza u reviżjonijiet sistematiċi, taħriġ kif ukoll appoġġ lill-Istati Membri tal-UE. Activities related to this topic at ECDC take place under the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-associated Infections programme . ECDC's main areas of work include surveillance, epidemic intelligence, developing evidence-based guidance and systematic reviews, training, support to the EU Member States. 1.0858585858585859 Messaġġi ewlenin għall-professjonisti tal-kura tas-saħħa fi sptarijiet u f'ambjenti oħrajn tal-kura tas-saħħa: maniġers/amministraturi, speċjalisti tal-mard infettiv, prevenzjoni tal-infezzjonijiet u professjonisti tal-kontroll, preskriventi, tobba subalterni u studenti, spiżjara, infermiera, mikrobijoloġisti kliniċi u professjonisti f'dipartimenti tal-emerġenza, fl-unitajiet tal-kura intensiva u faċilitajiet tal-kura fit-tul. Key messages for professionals working at hospitals and other healthcare settings: managers/administrators, infectious disease specialists, infection prevention and control professionals, epidemiologists, prescribers, junior doctors and students, pharmacists, nurses, clinical microbiologists, and professionals in emergency departments, in intensive care units, and in long-term care facilities. 0.9411764705882353 Ippjana kampanja Join the campaign 1.1730769230769231 Ingħaqad magħna fuq Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU Join us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU 1.1428571428571428 Segwina fuq Twitter, tweet #EAAD jew hu sehem fiċ-‘chats' tagħna fuq twitter dwar l-EAAD: http://www.twitter.com/EAAD_EU Follow us on Twitter, use #EAAD or take part in our twitter chats on EAAD: http://www.twitter.com/EAAD_EU 1.3717277486910995 Għin fir-reklamar tal-Jum Ewropew għall-Għarfien dwar l-Antibijotiċi fi newsletters, fuq siti elettroniċi, fil-mezzi tal-komunikazzjoni tal-massa u fuq l-Internet, billi ddaħħal link fil-sit tiegħek, fil-firma tal-posta elettronika tiegħek jew fil-blogg tiegħek. Help advertise the European Antibiotic Awareness Day in newsletters, websites, in the media and on the Internet, by inserting a link on your website, in your e-mail signature or in your blog. 1.2173913043478262 Informazzjoni għall-pazjenti Information to patients