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en | id | Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19. | Strategi untuk melindungi semua orang, khususnya orang dengan kondisi kesehatan mendasari, yang mencakup pembatasan sosial dan mencuci tangan, harus diterapkan oleh semua komunitas dan semua orang untuk membantu memperlambat penyebaran COVID-19. | PubMed_9:854 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119513/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England | Kemunculan Koronavirus Baru (COVID-19): Protokol untuk Memperluas Surveilans yang Digunakan oleh Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) dan Public Health England (PHE) | PubMed_10:855 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics. | Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) dan Public Health England (PHE) telah berhasil bekerja sama dalam surveilans influenza dan penyakit menular lain selama lebih dari 50 tahun, yang mencakup tiga pandemi sebelumnya. | PubMed_10:856 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19. | Dengan merebaknya wabah internasional infeksi koronavirus (COVID-19), pendekatan pembendungan nasional Inggris Raya (UK) telah ditetapkan untuk menguji orang yang diduga terpapar COVID-19. | PubMed_10:857 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy. | Pada saat yang bersamaan dan secara terpisah, surveilans RSC RCGP telah diperluas untuk memantau penyebaran temporal dan geografis infeksi COVID-19 dalam komunitas serta menilai keefektifan strategi pembendungan. | PubMed_10:858 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy. | Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengawasi COVID-19 baik di populasi tanpa gejala maupun kasus rawat jalan dengan infeksi pernapasan, memastikan laju dan pola penyebaran COVID-19, serta mengkaji keefektifan kebijakan pembendungan. | PubMed_10:859 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly. | RSC RCGP, jaringan lebih dari 500 praktik dokter umum di Inggris, mengekstrak data yang dipseudoanonimkan setiap minggu. | PubMed_10:860 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19. | Surveilans diperluas ini terdiri dari lima komponen: (1) Pencatatan dalam rekam medis setiap orang yang diduga menderita atau terpapar COVID-19. | PubMed_10:861 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this. | Dalam satu minggu sejak permintaan, pemasok rekam medis terkomputasi telah membuat kode baru untuk mendukung hal ini. | PubMed_10:862 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | (2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care. | (2) Perluasan surveilans virologis saat ini dan pengujian orang dengan penyakit mirip influenza atau infeksi saluran napas bawah (LRTI)—dengan peringatan bahwa orang yang diduga menderita atau terpapar COVID-19 harus dirujuk ke alur pembendungan nasional dan tidak terlihat di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama. | PubMed_10:863 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | (3) Serology sample collection across all age groups. | (3) Pengumpulan sampel serologi di semua kelompok usia. | PubMed_10:864 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test. | Sampel darah tambahan akan diambil dari orang yang datang ke praktik dokter umum untuk pengujian darah terjadwal. | PubMed_10:865 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance. | Seratus praktik dokter umum yang saat ini melakukan surveilans virologi influenza tahunan akan dilibatkan dalam surveilans virologis dan serologis diperluas. | PubMed_10:866 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | (4) Collecting convalescent serum samples. | (4) Pengumpulan sampel serum konvalesen. | PubMed_10:867 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed. | Kami memiliki kesempatan untuk meningkatkan ekstraksi data hingga dua kali seminggu jika diperlukan. | PubMed_10:868 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories. | Usapan dan serum akan dianalisis di laboratorium rujukan PHE. | PubMed_10:869 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance. | Penyedia sistem klinis praktik dokter umum telah memperkenalkan set darurat kode klinis baru untuk mendukung surveilans COVID-19. | PubMed_10:870 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs. | Selain itu, praktik yang berpartisipasi dalam surveilans virologi ini kini mengambil sampel untuk surveilans COVID-19 dari pasien berisiko rendah yang menunjukkan LRTI. | PubMed_10:871 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling. | Dalam 2 minggu pertama penyiapan surveilans ini, kami telah mengidentifikasi 3 kasus: 1 kasus melalui sistem pengodean baru dan 2 kasus lainnya melalui pengambilan sampel virologi diperluas. | PubMed_10:872 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy. | Dengan cepat, kami telah mengubah sistem surveilans influenza RSC RCGP nasional yang ada menjadi sistem yang dapat menguji keefektifan kebijakan pembendungan COVID-19. | PubMed_10:873 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported. | Dengan 3 kasus dilaporkan, surveilans yang diperluas sudah melihat kegunaan kode baru tersebut. | PubMed_10:874 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning. | Pembagian protokol ini dengan cepat akan memungkinkan kritik ilmiah dan pembelajaran bersama. | PubMed_10:875 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases. | Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) adalah jaringan praktik dokter umum (GP) dengan populasi representatif secara nasional yang menyediakan data pseudoanonim untuk surveilans mingguan terhadap penyakit infeksi. | PubMed_10:876 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza. | Program surveilans penyakit ini diamanatkan oleh Public Health England (PHE) dan mencakup 37 penyakit infeksi, yang mencakup influenza. | PubMed_10:877 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis. | RSC RCGP dan PHE telah membangun kolaborasi selama lebih dari 50 tahun dalam surveilans penyakit pernapasan dan influenza, dan kini berada dalam musim ke-53 untuk surveilans dan analisis. | PubMed_10:878 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million. | RSC RCGP mengekstrak data yang dipseudoanonimkan dari sampel representatif nasional lebih dari 500 GP perkotaan dan nonperkotaan setiap minggu, yang mencakup populasi berukuran lebih dari 4 juta. | PubMed_10:879 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England. | Data dari praktik ini dilaporkan secara online dalam laporan mingguan, yang mencakup pemantauan angka kesakitan mingguan untuk penyakit mirip influenza (ILI) serta penyakit menular dan pernapasan lain di Inggris. | PubMed_10:880 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We also produce an annual report. | Kami juga membuat laporan tahunan. | PubMed_10:881 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure. | Set data RSC RCGP mencakup semua data yang dikode dan semua item yang ditentukan, yang mencakup paparan vaksin. | PubMed_10:882 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1). | RSC RCGP melakukan surveilans virologi setiap musim influenza dengan 100 GP berpartisipasi pada musim 2019-2020 (Gambar 1). | PubMed_10:883 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1). | Praktik pengambilan sampel virologi ini juga direkrut agar respresentatif secara nasional (Gambar 1). | PubMed_10:884 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms. | GP mengambil usap nasofaring dari orang yang menunjukkan penyakit pernapasan akut dalam 7 hari sejak awitan gejala. | PubMed_10:885 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis. | Usap nasofaring diambil dari anak berusia kurang dari 5 tahun yang menunjukkan gejala bronkitis atau bronkiolitis akut. | PubMed_10:886 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus. | Selain itu, sampel nasofaring diambil dari setiap orang berusia 5 tahun atau lebih tua yang menunjukkan awitan akut untuk ILI dan virus sinsitial pernapasan. | PubMed_10:887 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness. | Usapan diuji di Unit Virus Pernapasan PHE untuk influenza guna memantau angka kepositifan dan galur yang bersirkulasi, serta mengukur keefektifan vaksin. | PubMed_10:888 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season. | RSC RCGP berhasil mengadakan kajian rintis yang mengumpulkan sampel serologis dari orang dewasa dan menautkannya dengan rekam medis pasien selama musim influenza 2018-2019. | PubMed_10:889 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories. | Kajian rintis ini berkolaborasi dengan Unit Seroepidemiologi PHE dan ditambahkan ke sisa sampel darah yang dikirimkan ke PHE oleh laboratorium National Health Service (NHS). | PubMed_10:890 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes. | Serologi dapat memberikan informasi penting tentang imunitas populasi latar, lalu jaringan sentinel dapat menyediakan mekanisme untuk pengumpulan data sistematik dan penautan ke rekam medis dan hasil akhir kesehatan. | PubMed_10:891 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults. | Kajian rintis serologi telah memperlihatkan kemampuan jaringan untuk mengumpulkan sampel serologi pada orang dewasa. | PubMed_10:892 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration. | Dengan adanya wabah COVID-19, PHE dan RSC RCGP telah mengadaptasi surveilans influenza yang ada untuk memantau penyebaran COVID-19 di komunitas, dan protokol ini menyiapkan dasar untuk kolaborasi. | PubMed_10:893 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate. | Strategi nasional utama untuk infeksi COVID-19 adalah pembendungan, dengan pasien yang berisiko tinggi dikelola melalui sistem bantuan telepon NHS111 dan tim perlindungan kesehatan PHE, tetapi surveilans RSC RCGP sepenuhnya terpisah. | PubMed_10:894 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy. | RSC RCGP, dengan memperluas pekerjaan yang sudah dilakukan, akan menyediakan surveilans virologis dan serologis untuk memonitor distribusi temporal dan geografis infeksi COVID-19 di komunitas, serta mengkaji keefektifan strategi pembendungan. | PubMed_10:895 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We would not be working in isolation on this research. | Kami tidak akan bekerja sendirian dalam riset ini. | PubMed_10:896 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”. | Kami akan membagikan protokol ini dengan rekan UK dan konsorsium I-MOVE yang baru-baru ini mendapatkan pendanaan Horizon 2020 Uni Eropa dari jalur “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”. | PubMed_10:897 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone. | Efisiensi yang sangat tinggi diharapkan akan dihasilkan melalui kolaborasi ini dibandingkan dengan efisiensi yang dapat dicapai jika negara-negara bertindak sendiri. | PubMed_10:898 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community. | Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi adanya transmisi komunitas COVID-19 yang tidak terdeteksi, mengestimasi kerentanan populasi, dan memantau distribusi temporal dan geografis infeksi COVID-19 dalam komunitas. | PubMed_10:899 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The objectives of this study are as follows: | Tujuan studi ini adalah sebagai berikut: | PubMed_10:900 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway | Untuk memantau beban aktivitas kasus terduga COVID-19 di komunitas melalui surveilans fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama dan pengodean klinis kasus kemungkinan COVID-19 yang dirujuk ke dalam jalur pembendungan | PubMed_10:901 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care | Untuk menyediakan bukti virologis keberadaan dan tingkat transmisi komunitas COVID-19 yang tidak terdeteksi serta memonitor angka kepositifan di antara orang yang menunjukkan ILI atau infeksi saluran pernapasan akut yang datang ke fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama | PubMed_10:902 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring | Untuk mengestimasi kerentanan dasar terhadap COVID-19 di komunitas dan mengestimasi tingkat paparan baik bergejala maupun tanpa gejala di populasi melalui pemantauan seroprevalensi | PubMed_10:903 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community | Untuk merintis penerapan skema untuk mengumpulkan serum konvalesen dengan profil antibodi di antara kasus COVID-19 yang sembuh dan dipulangkan ke komunitas | PubMed_10:904 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We intend to capture the following. | Kami bermaksud menangkap hal berikut. | PubMed_10:905 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2--44) | Beban kerja klinis terkait laporan COVID-19 menggunakan kode yang dibuat untuk menandai kasus, orang yang dikaji dan lokasi infeksi tidak disertakan (Gambar 2-44) | PubMed_10:906 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days | Negara asing yang dikunjungi dalam 28 hari terakhir | PubMed_10:907 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1--3).3). | Kode saat ini yang mungkin dapat digunakan (Tabel 1-3).3). | PubMed_10:908 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded. | Banyak GP dan tim fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama mungkin tidak menyadari bahwa data relevan yang penting dapat dikode. | PubMed_10:909 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures. | Tersedia juga potensi selama pandemi untuk memantau keefektifan langkah pengendalian transmisi. | PubMed_10:910 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded | Hasil uji dan pengodean huruf tepercaya yang akan menunjukkan infeksi telah dikonfirmasi atau dikesampingkan | PubMed_10:911 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation. | Metode akan mengikuti pendekatan yang digunakan dalam sistem surveilans influenza saat ini dan studi serologi terbaru, dan mencakup lima komponen: (1) surveilans klinis fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama; (2) surveilans virologis; (3) surveilans serologis populasi; (4) serum konvalesen dalam kasus; dan (5) pengumpulan data. | PubMed_10:912 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually. | NHS menggunakan sistem pengodean Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), yang biasanya hanya diperbarui dua kali setahun. | PubMed_10:913 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated. | Ada kerumitan tambahan karena sebagian pemasok rekam medis terkomputasi (CMR) menggunakan sistem pengodean Read (istilah klinis Read versi 3 – CTv3) yang tidak diperbarui lagi. | PubMed_10:914 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020. | Selain itu, tidak ada kode klinis untuk melaporkan COVID-19 di awal Februari 2020. | PubMed_10:915 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes. | Karena itu, dua pemasok sistem GP utama menambahkan lima istilah yang diperlihatkan di Tabel 4 sebagai kode lokal seluruh sistem. | PubMed_10:916 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4). | Selanjutnya, rilis darurat konsep SNOMED CT untuk COVID-19 UK juga dibuat tersedia di seluruh sistem CMR (Tabel 4). | PubMed_10:917 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1). | Tujuannya adalah agar konsep ini akhirnya dapat dipetakan ke konsep SNOMED CT baru, setelah tersedia, sehingga memungkinkan pencatatan data yang relevan (Lampiran Multimedia 1). | PubMed_10:918 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test). | Persyaratan utama untuk rilis ini adalah kemampuan mengodekan (Tabel 4) kasus COVID-19, paparan ke risiko infeksi (perjalanan ke area yang mungkin memiliki risiko lebih tinggi), kontak dengan orang yang terinfeksi COVID-19, laporan bahwa seseorang telah diuji COVID-19, dan bahwa penyakit telah dikesampingkan (kemungkinan melalu hasil uji negatif). | PubMed_10:919 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020). | Selain itu, praktik sekarang mampu mengodekan setiap perjalanan luar negeri yang dilakukan, yang mencakup kemampuan mencatat kunjungan ke beberapa negara (diimplentasikan 8 Februari 2020). | PubMed_10:920 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Figures 2--44 show the EMIS web implementation. | Gambar 2-44 menunjukkan implementasi web EMIS. | PubMed_10:921 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form. | Saat ini, sampel virologi untuk surveilans influenza disertai dengan formulir permintaan standar. | PubMed_10:922 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record: | Untuk COVID-19, kami akan membuat formulir permintaan baru yang akan mencatat: | PubMed_10:923 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Date of onset of symptoms | Tanggal awitan gejala | PubMed_10:924 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Diagnosis of any of the following: | Diagnosis salah satu hal berikut: | PubMed_10:925 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years | Bronkitis/bronkiolitis akut pada anak berusia kurang dari lima tahun | PubMed_10:926 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) | Infeksi saluran napas bawah (LRTI) | PubMed_10:927 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level | Riwayat demam (Y/T); diukur (Y/T); jika ya, tingkat panas | PubMed_10:928 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate | Sesak napas (Y/T), jika diukur: saturasi oksigen dan laju pernapasan | PubMed_10:929 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days | Baru bepergian (Y/T); jika ya, negara yang dikunjungi dalam 14 hari terakhir | PubMed_10:930 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty | Kontak dengan seseorang yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 (Y/T) dengan komentar terbuka tentang tingkat keyakinan | PubMed_10:931 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas. | Kode ini akan dikelompokkan secara ontologis menjadi “pasti”, “besar kemungkinan”, “kecil kemungkinan”, dan “bukan kasus” menggunakan pendekatan standar untuk mengelompokkan kode (Tabel 5), yang telah digunakan sebelumnya di bidang penyakit. | PubMed_10:932 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2. | Definisi RSC RCGP untuk ILI diperlihatkan di Lampiran Multimedia 2. | PubMed_10:933 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards | Penyajian Data di Publik Menggunakan Observatori dan Dasbor | PubMed_10:934 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples. | Kami akan mengembangkan observatori untuk menyajikan data secara nasional dan dasbor untuk memberi umpan balik kepada praktik tentang kualitas data mereka dan pengumpulan sampel virologi dan serologi. | PubMed_10:935 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | This is based on coding described in Table 4. | Hal ini berdasarkan pengodean yang dijelaskan di Tabel 4. | PubMed_10:936 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19. | Kasus pasti akan disajikan di dasbor kami sebagai “kasus” COVID-19. | PubMed_10:937 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating). | Kasus mungkin akan disajikan sebagai “Dalam penyelidikan” (sedang diselidiki). | PubMed_10:938 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | “Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”. | “Bukan kasus” akan disajikan sebagai “Dikesampingkan”. | PubMed_10:939 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded. | Data online telah dibuat dalam beberapa minggu awal di Observatori COVID-19 (Gambar 5), yang mengindikasikan keseluruhan jumlah pasien dan angka kasus terkonfirmasi atau dalam penyelidikan per 10.000 pasien, serta saat virus ini dikesampingkan. | PubMed_10:940 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting. | Kami memiliki opsi untuk bergerak menjadi laporan surveilans dua kali seminggu dengan kapasitas untuk mengubahnya menjadi pelaporan harian. | PubMed_10:941 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines. | Kami akan meneruskan pengambilan sampel virologi dari praktik sentinel dan tidak berhenti saat influenza musiman menurun. | PubMed_10:942 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices. | Selain itu, kami akan merekrut lebih banyak praktik surveilans. | PubMed_10:943 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands. | Praktik virologi RSC RCGP akan menargetkan untuk melakukan 200-300 usap nasofaring per minggu di seluruh jaringan sentinel RSC RCGP, dengan mengumpulkan spesimen di seluruh kelompok usia. | PubMed_10:944 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days. | Selain kriteria untuk surveilans virologi influenza (ILI, bronkitis/bronkiolitis akut), praktik yang berpartisipasi akan mengambil sampel usap nasofaring dari semua orang yang menunjukkan gejala LRTI akut jika awitan gejala terjadi dalam 7 hari. | PubMed_10:945 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week. | Petugas riset RSC RCGP dan staf penghubung praktik akan mengelola praktik untuk mencapai total sampel nasional sebesar 200-300 usapan per minggu. | PubMed_10:946 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples. | Angka ini dapat ditingkatkan jika pemodel PHE memerlukan lebih banyak sampel. | PubMed_10:947 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: < 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older | Sampel dari masing-masing praktik akan disebar di seluruh kelompok usia berikut: < 5 tahun, 5-17 tahun, 18-64 tahun, dan lebih dari 65 tahun | PubMed_10:948 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis. | Sampel (usapan dan serum) yang dikumpulkan akan dikirim melalui amplop prabayar yang dialamatkan kepada laboratorium PHE yang sesuai untuk dianalisis. | PubMed_10:949 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19. | Semua sampel yang dikumpulkan akan diuji untuk melihat adanya influenza dan COVID-19. | PubMed_10:950 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19. | Selain itu, PHE akan menguji secara retrospektif setiap sampel virologi influenza yang dikumpulkan antara awal dan pertengahan Februari 2020 untuk memeriksa COVID-19. | PubMed_10:951 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice. | Praktik akan tetap mengikuti protokol PHE untuk COVID-19 terkait orang dengan risiko infeksi yang harus diarahkan ke jalur pembendungan dan bukan datang secara fisik ke tempat praktik mereka. | PubMed_10:952 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |
en | id | Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home. | Pengujian langsung orang yang datang ke praktik dokter umum tetap diizinkan, tetapi kami juga telah meluncurkan pengambilan usap mandiri di rumah. | PubMed_10:953 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124955/ | CC BY 4.0 | unk |