{"question": "承上題，下一步應該要如何治療？", "options": {"A": "胃鏡檢查", "B": "大腸鏡檢查", "C": "剖腹探查", "D": "經皮膽囊引流術"}, "answer": "剖腹探查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於社區性肺炎（community-acquired pneumonia）的病患評估，下列何項理學檢查的發現不能作為病情嚴重度指標？", "options": {"A": "意識混亂（confusion）", "B": "呼吸次數每分鐘超過 30 次", "C": "心跳次數每分鐘超過 100 次", "D": "收縮壓小於 90 毫米汞柱"}, "answer": "心跳次數每分鐘超過 100 次", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "65 歲男性高血壓患者，圖示左心室前壁及心中隔病變。此病變最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Old myocardial infarction", "B": "Acute myocardial infarction", "C": "Infectious endocarditis", "D": "Endomyocardial fibroelastosis"}, "answer": "Old myocardial infarction", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關青蒿素（artemisinin）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "青蒿素對於治療腦性瘧疾有很好的效果", "B": "因為青蒿素對胎兒有毒性，所以不適合用於孕婦", "C": "青蒿素毒殺血液中惡性瘧分裂體（schizonts）之效果比奎寧（quinine）好", "D": "青蒿素單獨使用即可完全消滅惡性瘧原蟲，不會有再發作（recrudescence）"}, "answer": "青蒿素單獨使用即可完全消滅惡性瘧原蟲，不會有再發作（recrudescence）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "兩眼外側（顳側）視野有缺損（bitemporal hemianopia），最可能的病灶位置是在：", "options": {"A": "視網膜", "B": "視神經", "C": "視交叉", "D": "視覺皮質"}, "answer": "視交叉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 42 歲女性在深夜來到急診處，主訴左眼眼球在喝下一大碗補藥後突然往外凸，而且無法轉動。檢查發現除了病人的主訴外，左眼眼瞼因水腫而稍微下垂，左眼結膜有明顯充血及水腫，眼壓為 35 毫米汞柱，視網膜靜脈膨大且扭曲。急診醫師安排眼窩（orbit）電腦斷層檢查，最有可能的發現是：", "options": {"A": "眼外肌呈現紡錘體形狀的擴大", "B": "上眼靜脈（superior ophthalmic vein）腫脹", "C": "眼窩的下方壁板（inferior orbital floor）破裂", "D": "篩狀竇（ethmoid sinus）及鼻側眼窩有白色顯影"}, "answer": "上眼靜脈（superior ophthalmic vein）腫脹", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "18 65 歲男性，三個月前健檢心電圖正常，今早因急性胸痛發作半小時至急診，抽血未見心肌酵素上升， 所得心電圖如下，則下列敘述何者正確？\n", "options": {"A": "應考慮緊急冠狀動脈氣球擴張術", "B": "因心電圖為左束枝傳導阻滯，無診斷參考價值", "C": "應先觀察六小時後再追蹤心電圖", "D": "安排心臟超音波檢查可以診斷是否為急性心肌梗塞"}, "answer": "應考慮緊急冠狀動脈氣球擴張術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於抗黴菌（antifungal）藥物之主要作用機制的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "氟胞嘧啶（Flucytosine）抑制核酸合成", "B": "糞殼菌素（Sordarins）抑制細胞壁合成", "C": "華光黴素（Nikkomycin）抑制細胞膜合成", "D": "聚乙烯（Polyenes）抑制蛋白質合成"}, "answer": "氟胞嘧啶（Flucytosine）抑制核酸合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 26 歲男性病人，1 週前感冒，有流鼻水、鼻塞、喉嚨痛等症狀，治療後仍稍有鼻塞、全身無力；無發燒，白血球數目正常，此症狀再持續 2～3 天後，病人漸覺眼球後方疼痛，甚至枕骨處亦感脹痛，此病人最可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "急性篩竇炎", "B": "急性上頜竇炎", "C": "急性額竇炎", "D": "急性蝶竇炎"}, "answer": "急性蝶竇炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "如果小美注意到朋友參加運動社團且規律地做運動，不但神清氣爽又結交到志同道合的朋友，因此認為自己也參加運動社團的話，會身體健康及認識朋友，這是應用那一種理論或模式來改變行為？", "options": {"A": "社會學習理論", "B": "說服理論", "C": "操作性制約理論", "D": "跨理論模式"}, "answer": "社會學習理論", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "全民健康保險為求健全財務結構，並降低民眾過度使用資源，最有效的可行方法？", "options": {"A": "提高藝人保費", "B": "實施部分負擔", "C": "限制投保對象", "D": "落實醫藥分業"}, "answer": "實施部分負擔", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種細胞再生能力最強？", "options": {"A": "肝細胞", "B": "肌肉細胞", "C": "神經細胞", "D": "心肌細胞"}, "answer": "肝細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "根據 Couinaud 氏所定義的肝臟解剖區域，膽囊與下列那些 segment 相鄰？", "options": {"A": "segment IV 和 segment VI", "B": "segment IV 和 segment V", "C": "segment V 和 segment VII", "D": "segment VI 和 segment VII"}, "answer": "segment IV 和 segment V", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "剛出生的足月兒，體重3,000公克，嬰兒室護理師通知你，此足月兒呼吸60次/分，心跳130次/分，肛溫37℃，嘴邊常常流出大量白沫，偶爾會咳嗽。下列何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "腦膜炎", "C": "食道閉鎖", "D": "十二指腸閉鎖"}, "answer": "食道閉鎖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者由連接蛋白（connexin）所構成？", "options": {"A": "緊密連接（zonula occludens）", "B": "黏著小帶（zonula adherens）", "C": "胞橋小體（desmosomes）", "D": "間隙接合（gap junctions）"}, "answer": "間隙接合（gap junctions）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "第一個經研究證實疫苗注射與人類癌症之預防有相關的是下列那一項疫苗注射？", "options": {"A": "牛痘疫苗", "B": "沙克疫苗", "C": "人類乳突病毒疫苗", "D": "B型肝炎疫苗"}, "answer": "B型肝炎疫苗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關貝賽特氏症（Behçet's syndrome）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "病人常常會反覆口腔與生殖器潰瘍", "B": "很少攻擊眼睛", "C": "女性病人比男性多，而且病情較嚴重", "D": "很少會併發關節痛"}, "answer": "病人常常會反覆口腔與生殖器潰瘍", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "65歲女性，兩側性肋膜積水，其所含蛋白質濃度較低。其最有可能診斷為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "細菌性肺炎", "C": "結核性肺炎", "D": "心臟衰竭"}, "answer": "心臟衰竭", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "5'-CCAAGTCCATGGACTTGG-3'DNA分子可以形成何種二級結構？", "options": {"A": "A form", "B": "H form", "C": "Z form", "D": "cruciform"}, "answer": "cruciform", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一個家庭由夫婦及其子女所組成，此家庭的結構屬於下列何項？", "options": {"A": "核心家庭", "B": "擴大家庭", "C": "折衷家庭 \t", "D": "聯合家庭"}, "answer": "核心家庭", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病不是腸病毒（enterovirus）所造成？", "options": {"A": "Hand-foot-mouth disease", "B": "Herpangina", "C": "Pharyngoconjunctival fever", "D": "Aseptic meningitis"}, "answer": "Pharyngoconjunctival fever", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位9歲小孩在游泳池中，被發現溺水漂浮在水中，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "急救溺水的病人，仍維持叫病人、叫他人打電話119求救，開始心肺復甦術", "B": "應儘早清除此病人呼吸道的水分，儘速實施哈姆立克急救術", "C": "此溺水病人可能產生頸椎受傷的發生率低於千分之一，不需例行性使用頸圈", "D": "當病人在淺水域或脫離水域時，可以施予口對鼻呼吸，暫時取代口對口呼吸"}, "answer": "應儘早清除此病人呼吸道的水分，儘速實施哈姆立克急救術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "B細胞中抗體分子類型轉換（class switch）無法順利進行，而導致高IgM症候群（hyper-IgM syndrome），常是因為那一個基因的缺損所致？", "options": {"A": "terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase（TdT）", "B": "Bruton's tyrosine kinase（Btk）", "C": "CD40 ligand（CD40L）", "D": "recombination-activating gene（RAG）"}, "answer": "CD40 ligand（CD40L）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "23.兒童全身性紅斑性狼瘡（Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE）可以產生多種自體抗體，那兩種自體抗體專一性 最高？\n", "options": {"A": "Antinuclear antibody（ANA）和 Anti-double-stranded DNA（anti-dsDNA）", "B": "Anti-La antibody和 Anti-Smith antibody", "C": "Anti-dsDNA和 Anti-Smith antibody", "D": "Anti-Ro antibody和 Anti-dsDNA"}, "answer": "Anti-dsDNA和 Anti-Smith antibody", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "子宮鏡手術，最不適用於：", "options": {"A": "Asherman's syndrome", "B": "Submucous myoma", "C": "Subserous myoma \t", "D": "Endometrial polyp"}, "answer": "Subserous myoma \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "48.15歲男孩因排黏液血便求診，詢問其家族史發現他的父親、叔叔及姑姑皆有大腸息肉或癌症病史，內視鏡發現其大腸約有數百個大小息肉，下列相關敘述何者正確？①致病成因為mismatch repair基因遺傳性突變 ② 基因突變位於5q21 ③為顯性遺傳（autosomal dominance） ④此類病人大於50%之比率沒有家族史 ", "options": {"A": "僅①③", "B": "①②③④", "C": "僅①②④", "D": "僅②③"}, "answer": "僅②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "70歲臥床男性，在腹股溝和大腿內側出現如圖A的紅色斑塊，周圍有散在性膿疱，KOH鏡檢如圖B，診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "股癬（tinea cruris）", "B": "皮膚念珠菌感染（cutaneous candidiasis）", "C": "陰部單純性疱疹（herpes simplex genitalis）", "D": "斑（pityriasis versicolor）"}, "answer": "皮膚念珠菌感染（cutaneous candidiasis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "32 歲未婚婦女有月經痛的病史，3 天前開始下腹疼痛，超音波掃描檢查發現左側卵巢有一 7 公分大的腫瘤，經由手術取出腫瘤後切開檢查，為一囊狀病灶內含大量暗紅色液狀物，請問下列何種診斷最為適當？", "options": {"A": "畸胎瘤（teratoma） \t", "B": "黏液性囊狀腺瘤（mucinous cystadenoma）", "C": "子宮內膜異位瘤（endometrioma）", "D": "過誤瘤（hamartoma）"}, "answer": "子宮內膜異位瘤（endometrioma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "尿素酵素（urease）是以下何種細菌的致病因子？", "options": {"A": "致病性大腸桿菌（Enteropathogenic E. coli）", "B": "霍亂弧菌（Vibrio cholerae）", "C": "博德氏桿菌（Bordetella pertussis）", "D": "幽門桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）"}, "answer": "幽門桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "85.9歲男孩⾃上週以來四肢瘀傷。⾝體檢查：四肢瘀傷及出⾎斑點；⾎⾊素、⾎容積比、平均紅⾎球體積 （MCV）及⽩⾎球計數正常，⾎⼩板明顯降低。病⼈3週前曾有呼吸道融合病毒（respiratory syncytial virus）感染。病⼈狀況經使⽤類固醇治療後緩和。下列何者為此病⼈出⾎傾向之最可能原因？\n", "options": {"A": "抗⾎⼩板抗體（anti-platelet antibodies）", "B": "骨髓造⾎不良", "C": "醣蛋⽩IIb-IIIa功能不全", "D": "vWF⾦屬酵素缺乏（vWF metalloprotease deficiency）"}, "answer": "抗⾎⼩板抗體（anti-platelet antibodies）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "脂肪栓塞症候群（fat embolism syndrome）是長骨或骨盆骨折時發生的併發症，死亡率高，在長骨或骨盆骨折手術中及手術後在恢復室觀察，如果初期有下列變化，要懷疑可能發生脂肪栓塞症候群，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "潮氣容積末二氧化碳（EtCO2）上升", "B": "血氧濃度下降", "C": "肺動脈壓上升", "D": "心電圖可能顯現類似缺血般的 ST-segment 變化"}, "answer": "潮氣容積末二氧化碳（EtCO2）上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者與石棉暴露的病史相關？", "options": {"A": "肺氣腫（emphysema）", "B": "支氣管擴張症（bronchiectasis）", "C": "惡性間皮瘤（malignant mesothelioma）", "D": "皮膚癌（skin cancer）"}, "answer": "惡性間皮瘤（malignant mesothelioma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者位於顳骨（temporal bone）上？", "options": {"A": "面神經管（facial canal）", "B": "卵圓孔（foramen ovale）", "C": "翼管（pterygoid canal）", "D": "盲孔（foramen cecum）"}, "answer": "面神經管（facial canal）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於動脈導管置放（Arterial catherization）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "橈動脈（Radial artery）因為有較好的側枝循環（Collateral flow），而且較表淺，因此是常被選來置放動脈導管的位置", "B": "亞倫試驗（Allen test）是用來測試萬一發生橈動脈栓塞時，是否尺側循環（Ulnar collateral circulation）能有效維持，以免手掌的血液供應不足的測驗方式之一，是一種可信度百分之百的測驗方式", "C": "股動脈置放動脈導管易產生假性動脈瘤（Pseudoaneurysm），且較易發生感染，在嚴重的燒傷病人是最後所能選擇的位置之一", "D": "腋動脈置放動脈導管有可能造成血腫或是神經損傷"}, "answer": "亞倫試驗（Allen test）是用來測試萬一發生橈動脈栓塞時，是否尺側循環（Ulnar collateral circulation）能有效維持，以免手掌的血液供應不足的測驗方式之一，是一種可信度百分之百的測驗方式", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者並沒有參與瞳孔的光反射作用（light reflex）？", "options": {"A": "iris", "B": "parasympathetic nerve", "C": "medial geniculate body", "D": "ciliary ganglion"}, "answer": "medial geniculate body", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關肝膿瘍之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "大部分的肝膿瘍發生在右肝", "B": "大部分的肝膿瘍都是單一致病菌引起", "C": "最常見的致病菌為Staphylococcus aureus", "D": "80～90%病人可以從血液培養出致病菌"}, "answer": "大部分的肝膿瘍發生在右肝", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "巴洛氏食道（Barrett's esophagus）是下列何種癌症的危險因子（risk factor）？", "options": {"A": "胃腺癌（gastric adenocarcinoma）", "B": "胃腸基質瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor）", "C": "食道鱗狀細胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma）", "D": "食道腺癌（esophageal adenocarcinoma）"}, "answer": "食道腺癌（esophageal adenocarcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲年輕男性，車禍跌倒右肩膀著地後，右肩關節疼痛且關節運動受阻，右肩之正面（AP view）及腋下（axillary view）之 X 光攝影如下圖，該病人的肩膀外傷診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "humerus fracture and dislocation", "B": "shoulder anterior dislocation and impaction", "C": "shoulder posterior dislocation and impaction", "D": "post-traumatic arthritis"}, "answer": "shoulder posterior dislocation and impaction", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "什麼情況是急性胰臟炎（Acute pancreatitis）手術之適應症？", "options": {"A": "壞死但未感染 \t", "B": "壞死且有感染 \t", "C": "水腫性 \t", "D": "Ranson's score 大於 4 分"}, "answer": "壞死且有感染 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關多囊腎（polycystic kidney）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "於新生兒時期就診斷出來的，多是自體隱性（autosomal recessive）的多囊腎。自體顯性（autosomal dominant）的多囊腎則多在30到50歲才被確認", "B": "自體隱性多囊腎與第6對染色體上的PKHD1基因有關", "C": "自體顯性多囊腎與PKD1基因和PKD2基因有關，PKD1基因在第16對染色體，而PKD2基因在第4對染色體", "D": "有PKD2基因缺陷的病人，通常比有PKD1基因缺陷的病人惡化快速"}, "answer": "有PKD2基因缺陷的病人，通常比有PKD1基因缺陷的病人惡化快速", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關全身性幼年型類風溼性關節炎（systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis）的臨床表現，何者最少見？", "options": {"A": "通常會合併發燒 \t", "B": "出現鮭魚色（salmon-colored）的皮疹", "C": "會有 Gottron 徵象 \t", "D": "可能出現心包膜積水的症狀"}, "answer": "會有 Gottron 徵象 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那個化合物水解時，可得到最大負值的自由能變化？", "options": {"A": "UDP 葡萄糖（UDP-glucose）", "B": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸（glucose-6-phosphate）", "C": "蘋果酸（malate） \t", "D": "乳糖（lactose）"}, "answer": "UDP 葡萄糖（UDP-glucose）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種胰島素在人體內的作用時間最長？", "options": {"A": "regular insulin", "B": "NPH或Lente insulin", "C": "lispro或aspart", "D": "glargine"}, "answer": "glargine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "以下有關於上消化呼吸道異物，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最常發生的年齡為 2 至 4 歲之幼童", "B": "通常食道異物多於呼吸道異物", "C": "食道異物最常發生在第六頸椎附近", "D": "支氣管異物於胸部 X 光最常以肺塌陷為表現"}, "answer": "支氣管異物於胸部 X 光最常以肺塌陷為表現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "顳顎關節（temporomandibular joint）手術時，容易傷害到位於下顎髁（mandibular condyle）內側那條血管？", "options": {"A": "頸內動脈 \t", "B": "上顎動脈（maxillary artery） \t", "C": "面動脈 \t", "D": "舌動脈"}, "answer": "上顎動脈（maxillary artery） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "針對乾燥症（Sjögren's syndrome）合併腺體外表現（extraglandular manifestations）的治療，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "若併發關節炎通常使用抗腫瘤壞死因子（anti-TNF）治療", "B": "若併發血管炎可使用類固醇與免疫抑制劑治療", "C": "若併發淋巴癌使用高劑量類固醇治療即可", "D": "若併發雷諾氏症要使用非類固醇類消炎止痛藥治療"}, "answer": "若併發血管炎可使用類固醇與免疫抑制劑治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "73 37 歲男性，抽菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔。最近兩週口腔痛，左下頷腫痛。根據此二張注射含碘顯影劑的 CT （如附圖所示），最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "buccal mucosa carcinoma", "B": "tongue carcinoma", "C": "tonsillar carcinoma \t", "D": "tonsillar abscess"}, "answer": "buccal mucosa carcinoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當 TAP1/TAP2 突變而不能將胜肽（peptide）輸送到內質網膜（endoplasmic reticulum）中，則會發生：", "options": {"A": "第一型主要組織相容複合體分子（MHC class I molecules）被滯留在內質網膜中", "B": "第一型主要組織相容複合體分子只會存在於細胞膜（cytoplasmic membrane）上", "C": "第二型主要組織相容複合體分子（MHC class II molecules）被滯留在內質網膜中", "D": "第二型主要組織相容複合體分子只會存在於細胞膜（cytoplasmic membrane）上"}, "answer": "第一型主要組織相容複合體分子（MHC class I molecules）被滯留在內質網膜中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 2 歲大的女嬰出生時即發現背後有一個如圖一的皮膚病灶。最近因反覆泌尿道感染住院。膀胱尿道攝影檢查（voiding cystourethrogram）顯示如圖二。下列何種處置方式最恰當？", "options": {"A": "應立即作輸尿管重植術，以避免腎傷害", "B": "給予低劑量抗生素，預防感染，等待自然恢復", "C": "訓練照顧者作間歇性導尿", "D": "施予雙側輸尿管口之玻尿酸注射"}, "answer": "訓練照顧者作間歇性導尿", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關乳糜胸（chylothorax）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "triglyceride > 110 mg/dL \t", "B": "lymphangioleiomyomatosis 可造成乳糜胸", "C": "大量乳糜胸造成症狀時病患應長期引流 \t", "D": "無法控制時可用 pleuro-peritoneal shunt 治療"}, "answer": "大量乳糜胸造成症狀時病患應長期引流 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "新生兒有細菌感染時，使用下列何種抗生素，應特別注意劑量勿大於 50 mg/kg/d，以免發生灰嬰症候群？", "options": {"A": "Chloramphenicol", "B": "Tetracycline", "C": "Vancomycin", "D": "Erythromycin"}, "answer": "Chloramphenicol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "對於剛成熟的B細胞（mature naive B cell）與記憶性B細胞的敘述，下列何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "成熟B細胞的細胞膜上有IgG抗體", "B": "成熟B細胞已經結合辨識過抗原了", "C": "記憶性B細胞存在於胸腺中數量最多", "D": "記憶性B細胞產生的抗體通常較具高親和力"}, "answer": "記憶性B細胞產生的抗體通常較具高親和力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，經過 fluoxetine（Prozac）治療後，病患可能抱怨下列副作用，何者除外？", "options": {"A": "月經不來", "B": "性功能下降", "C": "焦慮不安", "D": "失眠"}, "answer": "月經不來", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "對於硬皮病（morphea）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "沿\tBlaschko's line表現的linear morphea常出現在小兒患者", "B": "circumscribed morphea患者身上並不會出現指端硬化現象，也不會有食道硬化等內臟器官影響", "C": "generalized morphea患者血中ANA可能呈現陽性，但與患者預後關聯性仍未明", "D": "generalized morphea多數病人會轉變為systemic sclerosis，出現指節腫大，吞嚥困難，以及續發性雷諾氏症候群"}, "answer": "generalized morphea多數病人會轉變為systemic sclerosis，出現指節腫大，吞嚥困難，以及續發性雷諾氏症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "7 歲大的男孩因近一個月來臉色蒼白、腹脹、活動力較差到門診求診，血液常規檢查結果如下：WBC：20,000/mm3、segment 2%、lymphocyte 25%、blast cell 72%、RBC：2.30×106/mm3、 Hb：6.0 g/dL、血小板：10,000/mm3。身體診查發現肝臟及脾臟有腫大現象，骨髓 blast cell 檢查顯示 early pre-B cell 及 CD10 陽性(+)，CD33 及 CD13 陰性(-)，脊髓液及染色體檢查無特殊異常。依照目前的治療結果，預期此男孩 5 年存活率約為：", "options": {"A": "小於 30%", "B": "40%~50%", "C": "60%~70%", "D": "大於 80%"}, "answer": "大於 80%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "16 歲男性病人至急診主訴咽喉劇烈疼痛，吞嚥疼痛加劇，牙關緊閉（trismus）已超過 3 天。經診視病人有發燒現象，局部檢查右側軟顎腫脹，咽後壁及扁桃腺無法視診。下列敘述何者較合理？", "options": {"A": "經鼻纖維內視鏡檢查，可以直接看到病源確立診斷", "B": "先給予局部穿刺、抽吸，並給予廣效抗生素治療", "C": "給予廣效抗生素治療即可，不需考慮外科治療", "D": "要緊急施行扁桃腺切除手術（tonsillectomy）"}, "answer": "先給予局部穿刺、抽吸，並給予廣效抗生素治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是屬於第三類（class Ⅲ）抗心律不整的藥物，其作用機轉是阻斷 K+ channels？", "options": {"A": "Amiodarone", "B": "Atenolol", "C": "Propafenone", "D": "Diltiazem"}, "answer": "Amiodarone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在粒線體中，NADH經由電子傳遞鏈（electron transport chain）進行氧化時，氫離子（H+）如何移轉？", "options": {"A": "由粒線體內外膜間的間隙運送至細胞質", "B": "由細胞質運送至粒線體內外膜間的間隙", "C": "由粒線體內外膜間的間隙運送至粒線體基質（matrix）", "D": "由粒線體基質（matrix）運送至粒線體內外膜間的間隙"}, "answer": "由粒線體基質（matrix）運送至粒線體內外膜間的間隙", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病患因心肌梗塞（myocardial infarction）而導致急性心衰竭時，則下列何者為真？", "options": {"A": "心輸出量增加動脈壓下降", "B": "心輸出量下降動脈壓增加", "C": "心輸出量增加右心房壓下降", "D": "心輸出量下降右心房壓增加"}, "answer": "心輸出量下降右心房壓增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種檢查，對偵測腹部病變的鈣化最精確？", "options": {"A": "一般 X 光素片", "B": "超音波掃描", "C": "電腦斷層攝影", "D": "J 磁振造影"}, "answer": "電腦斷層攝影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "非去極化的肌肉鬆弛劑的給予，可幫助氣管內管置放。下列何藥物屬於benzyl-isoquinolinium compounds且沒有 histamine的釋放，較不會產生藥物給予後的血壓下降？", "options": {"A": "mivacurium", "B": "cis-atracurium", "C": "d-tubocurarine", "D": "pancuronium"}, "answer": "cis-atracurium", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "肘隧道症候群（cubital tunnel syndrome），是下列那一條神經受到壓迫？", "options": {"A": "正中神經（median nerve）", "B": "橈神經（radial nerve）", "C": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "D": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）"}, "answer": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關常態分布（normal distribution）的敘述何者有誤？", "options": {"A": "它是一個對稱且形狀呈鐘形的分布 \t", "B": "它只能是連續性變項的分布", "C": "它的累積頻率分布亦為常態分布 \t", "D": "在臨床上它可以用來界定某些診斷數值正常的範圍"}, "answer": "它的累積頻率分布亦為常態分布 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是懷疑兒童虐待（child abuse）的徵象？", "options": {"A": "新舊雜陳的香菸燙傷  \t", "B": "小孩頑皮不聽勸導", "C": "多處硬腦膜下出血（subdural hematoma），但沒有顱骨骨折", "D": "嬰兒大腿骨骨折，但無明確受傷機轉"}, "answer": "小孩頑皮不聽勸導", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關男性生殖系統之組織，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "萊迪氏細胞腫瘤（Leydig cell tumors）大多屬良性", "B": "精子及精原細胞（spermatogenic cells）內具有特定分子，被免疫系統辨識為外來而非自身的", "C": "男性結紮手術是將輸精管（ductus deferens）分離、綁緊並切斷", "D": "良性前列腺腫大（benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH）好發於其周圍區（peripheral zone）"}, "answer": "良性前列腺腫大（benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH）好發於其周圍區（peripheral zone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "孕婦感染下列何種病毒，最容易造成胎兒先天性畸形？", "options": {"A": "單純疱疹病毒一型", "B": "帶狀疱疹病毒", "C": "德國麻疹病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "德國麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "中樞神經細胞中荷爾蒙或 neurotransmitters 作用時可透過 phosphatidylinositol（PI）-based signal transduction system。躁鬱症治療常用的鋰鹽（lithium）被認為可降低 PI system 之運作，使神經細胞對 neurotransmitters 刺激較不敏感，因而達到療效。下列關於 PI system 之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "PI system 的啟動牽涉到 phospholipase C 的活化", "B": "IP3的形成必須藉由一 phosphatase 作用", "C": "PI system 啟動後細胞質內鈣離子濃度上升", "D": "PI system 啟動造成 diacylglycerol（DAG）的釋出"}, "answer": "IP3的形成必須藉由一 phosphatase 作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列cranial nerves中，何者只含sensory fibers？", "options": {"A": "第II腦神經（optic nerve）", "B": "第V腦神經（trigeminal nerve）", "C": "第VII腦神經（facial nerve）", "D": "第X腦神經（vagus nerve）"}, "answer": "第II腦神經（optic nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "47 歲女性，主訴下肢神經症狀，其腰椎磁振造影（MRI）檢查，發現在第四，五節腰椎間後方出現異常（圖左為 T1W 影像，圖右為 T2W 影像），最有可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "腦膜瘤（Meningioma）", "B": "神經瘤（Neurogenic tumor）", "C": "椎間盤凸出（Herniated intervertebral disc）", "D": "感染性脊椎炎（Infectious spondylitis）"}, "answer": "椎間盤凸出（Herniated intervertebral disc）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "3.一位35歲女性，因為最近血壓升高來就診。生化初步檢查都在正常值範圍內，除了血清鉀離子是2.5 mmol/L。 下列那一個診斷最不可能考慮？ \n", "options": {"A": "單側腎動脈狹窄（unilateral renal arterial stenosis）", "B": "服用甘草（licorice）", "C": "高登症候群（Gordon's syndrome）", "D": "原發性皮質醛酮症（primary aldosteronism）"}, "answer": "高登症候群（Gordon's syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關partial agonist 的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "partial agonist 對受體的binding affinity小於full agonist", "B": "partial agonist 對受體的intrinsic efficacy小於full agonist", "C": "partial agonist與full agonist一起合用時efficacy會相加成", "D": "partial agonist較full agonist不易受拮抗劑的抑制"}, "answer": "partial agonist 對受體的intrinsic efficacy小於full agonist", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲女學生，不幸遭遇強暴，立即由母親陪伴至急診就醫。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "被害人的衣物，包括內衣褲要謹慎保存", "B": "可疑的陰毛（pubic hair）與指甲抓取物（finger nail scraping）應收集保存", "C": "事後避孕藥（postcoital contraceptive pill）建議在 72 小時內給予", "D": "無需安排懷孕檢測"}, "answer": "無需安排懷孕檢測", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "乳房惡性腫瘤（carcinoma of the breast）易由下列何靜脈引流轉移到椎骨（vertebrae）？", "options": {"A": "上腹壁下靜脈（inferior epigastric vein）", "B": "頭臂靜脈（brachiocephalic vein）", "C": "外側胸靜脈（lateral thoracic vein）", "D": "後肋間靜脈（posterior intercostal vein）"}, "answer": "後肋間靜脈（posterior intercostal vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位工人從高處摔下造成第二腰椎骨折脫位，可能併發下列神經功能障礙，何者不包括在內？", "options": {"A": "雙下肢失去本體感覺 \t", "B": "雙下肢觸覺及溫度感覺喪失", "C": "雙下肢痙攣型麻痺 \t", "D": "逼尿肌反射及肛門反射消失"}, "answer": "雙下肢痙攣型麻痺 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那個實驗室數據可以幫助我們建立急性腎小管壞死診斷？", "options": {"A": "尿鈉排出比例（FENa）＞1%", "B": "尿液鈉濃度＜10 mEq/L", "C": "尿液滲透壓＞500 mOsm/L", "D": "尿沉澱物可見到 hyaline cast"}, "answer": "尿鈉排出比例（FENa）＞1%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有人告訴你，他去檢驗所化驗得知尿蛋白有時顯示為 1 個〝＋〞，有時顯示為 2 個〝＋〞；有時又顯示為〝－〞，則建議他下一步應如何？", "options": {"A": "叫他吃第二型血管張力素轉換抑制劑（ACE inhibitors）作為治療", "B": "住院做腎穿刺（renal biopsy）", "C": "測一下隨機解尿（spot urine）之尿蛋白與肌酸酐比率（protein: creatinine ratio）", "D": "不必理會它"}, "answer": "測一下隨機解尿（spot urine）之尿蛋白與肌酸酐比率（protein: creatinine ratio）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列治療高血鉀症方法中，何者能夠有效降低體內的鉀量？", "options": {"A": "beta 2 受體促效劑（beta 2 agonist）", "B": "樹脂（resins）", "C": "氯化鈣（calcium chloride）", "D": "葡萄糖＋胰島素（glucose + insulin）"}, "answer": "樹脂（resins）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位26歲生過三胎之年輕婦女因不正常陰道出血而就醫，其婦科史有裝置子宮避孕器三年。理學檢查經陰道診視發現子宮頸表面平滑，血液自子宮頸口處流出，子宮頸口未見有子宮避孕器之尾巴線；觸診發現子宮大小正常且無觸壓痛之情形。經陰道超音波掃描子宮之情形如下圖，箭頭所指之最適合診斷為：", "options": {"A": "子宮內膜增殖（endometrial hyperplasia）", "B": "子宮內膜息肉（endometrial polyp）", "C": "子宮腔內血腫（hematometra）", "D": "子宮內避孕器（intrauterine device）"}, "answer": "子宮內避孕器（intrauterine device）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下圖所示為腦脊髓液的顯微鏡下所見，則該圖最符合下列那一個情況？", "options": {"A": "急性化膿性腦膜炎", "B": "慢性非化膿性腦膜炎", "C": "腦膜瘤", "D": "癌性腦膜炎"}, "answer": "急性化膿性腦膜炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "15 \n 10 \n  50 \n 200 \n 根據上面的結果，溶劑有暴露與無暴露員工得皮膚紅斑之勝算比（odds ratio）為： \n", "options": {"A": "1/6 或 0.16", "B": "1.0", "C": "6.0", "D": "無法計算，因為危險人口之分母為未知"}, "answer": "無法計算，因為危險人口之分母為未知", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲慢性腎衰竭且接受血液透析的病患，因十二指腸阻塞而發生嘔吐，病人的血清鈉離子濃度為 129 mEq/L，氯離子濃度為 72 mEq/L，pH：7.60，PCO2：50 torr，本病人的數據反映出其病況為：", "options": {"A": "呼吸性酸性血", "B": "呼吸性鹼性血", "C": "代謝性酸性血", "D": "代謝性鹼性血"}, "answer": "代謝性鹼性血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Hepatoportoenterostomy procedure 是治療膽道閉鎖（biliary atresia）病童的重要方法，下列何種情形，可預期手術後的預後較差？", "options": {"A": "手術後四週大便為深黃色", "B": "病理檢查顯微鏡下膽小管管徑小於100µm", "C": "出生後6週內接受手術", "D": "血型為O型"}, "answer": "病理檢查顯微鏡下膽小管管徑小於100µm", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "幽門桿菌感染不會增加下列何項疾病發生之危險率？", "options": {"A": "消化性潰瘍（peptic ulcer）", "B": "賁門部胃癌（cancer of gastric cardia）", "C": "遠端胃癌（adenocarcinoma of distal stomach）", "D": "胃黏膜相關淋巴組織淋巴癌（lymphoma arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue）"}, "answer": "賁門部胃癌（cancer of gastric cardia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "39歲未婚婦女，自20歲即有性經 ，且換過幾位性伴侶，身體一向健康沒有任何不適。因響應政府衛生教育宣導6分鐘護一生，接受子宮頸抹片篩檢，結果發現上皮細胞有重度異生（severe dysplasia）。下列對病人的建議及處理，何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "停止性接觸，3個月後再追蹤檢查一次", "B": "接受抗生素治療後，3個月再追蹤檢查一次", "C": "接受人類乳突病毒的偵測，並接受子宮全切除", "D": "先做子宮頸錐狀切片檢查，評估病情後再決定後續治療方法"}, "answer": "先做子宮頸錐狀切片檢查，評估病情後再決定後續治療方法", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在 subarterial 型的心室中隔缺損，常合併主動脈瓣脫垂，要修補此型的心室中隔缺損時，最常由那個部位進入修補最容易，也比較不易造成心肌受傷？", "options": {"A": "由升主動脈經主動脈瓣", "B": "由肺主動脈經肺動脈瓣", "C": "由右心房經三尖瓣 \t", "D": "經由左心室尖"}, "answer": "由肺主動脈經肺動脈瓣", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在切片的觀察中，胃黏膜上皮細胞佔比例最高的為：", "options": {"A": "mucous cell", "B": "chief cell", "C": "parietal cell", "D": "endocrine cell"}, "answer": "chief cell", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 67 歲女性因為自殺而住進加護病房，在插管呼吸器治療 10 天後，發現鼻胃管的食物會由氣管內管抽出，臨床懷疑是氣管食道管合併吸入性肺炎，接下來的處置，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "檢查氣管鏡、胃鏡看是否有氣管食道管", "B": "應拔除鼻胃管使氣管食道管自行癒合", "C": "先予以感染控制及營養支持，再行手術", "D": "手術主要施予管切除及食道修補手術"}, "answer": "應拔除鼻胃管使氣管食道管自行癒合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "通常由醫師對病人進行衛教，效果比較好，其原因為何？", "options": {"A": "病人降服於醫師的權威之下", "B": "病人信賴醫師的專業能力", "C": "病人擔心不接受衛教會影響醫病關係", "D": "病人比較容易瞭解醫師講解的內容"}, "answer": "病人信賴醫師的專業能力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關心電圖（electrocardiogram）和中央靜脈導管（central venous catheter）的時間對應關係，以下敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "a 波反應的是心房收縮，當病人有心房顫動（atrial fibrillation）的情形，此波會更加明顯，稱為加農波（cannon wave）", "B": "c 波反應的是心室收縮早期時，三尖瓣向上所產生的波形", "C": "v 波代表的是靜脈血回流時遇到關閉三尖瓣所產生的波形", "D": "y 下降波代表的是在心室舒張時，因三尖瓣打開而產生的波形"}, "answer": "a 波反應的是心房收縮，當病人有心房顫動（atrial fibrillation）的情形，此波會更加明顯，稱為加農波（cannon wave）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關中毒性巨腸症（toxic megacolon）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "它是潰瘍性大腸炎的一種罕見併發症（＜2%），有穿孔的危險", "B": "腹部 X 光片中，可見大腸脹大至直徑 6 公分以上", "C": "症狀如 48 至 72 小時仍未改善，需考慮手術以防穿孔", "D": "置入鼻胃管對病人無幫助，因氣脹是在大腸下端"}, "answer": "置入鼻胃管對病人無幫助，因氣脹是在大腸下端", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不適合接受人類乳突病毒疫苗？", "options": {"A": "25歲曾有5個性伴侶上班族", "B": "12歲未有性經\t國小女生", "C": "46歲子宮頸癌患者", "D": "23歲抹片曾有輕度子宮頸上皮內贅瘤（CIN 1）研究生"}, "answer": "46歲子宮頸癌患者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種疾病不會有代償性水腦症（hydrocephalus ex vacuo）？", "options": {"A": "Alzheimer氏病", "B": "Huntington氏舞蹈症", "C": "腦挫傷", "D": "全身輕性麻痺（general paresis of the insane）"}, "answer": "腦挫傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "異菸（isonicotinic acid hydrazide; isoniazid）可殺死複製力強的分枝桿菌，其作用機制為：", "options": {"A": "抑制菌體之蛋白質合成", "B": "抑制菌體之核酸合成 \t", "C": "影響菌體分枝菌酸（mycolic acid）的生成", "D": "干擾菌體葉酸（folic acid）之合成 52 \t下列何種病毒感染，其病毒基因體複製及組裝出現特定之包涵體（Guarnieri's inclusion bodies）?"}, "answer": "影響菌體分枝菌酸（mycolic acid）的生成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在一實\t犬的研究中，由靜脈灌流含過量醛固酮（aldosterone）的溶液，將其血中醛固酮濃度提升20倍，下列現象何者最不可能發生？", "options": {"A": "短期而言（五天以內），會造成平均動脈壓升高", "B": "造成尿中鈉排泄速率增加的作用，可持續兩週以上", "C": "短期而言（五天以內），會造成細胞外液體積增加", "D": "長期而言（兩週以上），平均動脈壓會回復到灌流前的數值"}, "answer": "造成尿中鈉排泄速率增加的作用，可持續兩週以上", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於癲癇發作型態國際分類的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "失神性癲癇（absence seizures）屬於全面發作（generalized seizures）的癲癇型態", "B": "局部癲癇（focal seizures）發作的型態可以出現局部陣攣發作（focal clonic seizures）", "C": "癲癇發作型態的分類以臨床肢體表現的對稱與否為依據", "D": "癲癇發作型態的分類必須同時依據癲癇發作的腦電圖為依據"}, "answer": "癲癇發作型態的分類以臨床肢體表現的對稱與否為依據", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "瘧疾（malaria）之傳播是經由病媒蚊為之，請問病媒蚊傳播方式是下列何種機制？", "options": {"A": "週期發育型傳播（cyclo-developmental transmission） \t \t", "B": "跨蟲期傳播（transstadial transmission）", "C": "週期繁殖型傳播（cyclo-propagative transmission）", "D": "繁殖型傳播（propagative transmission）"}, "answer": "週期繁殖型傳播（cyclo-propagative transmission）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關復健醫療團隊之敘述，何者有誤？", "options": {"A": "每一種專業人員都有其專職重要角色", "B": "每一種專業人員都是以病人的治療成功為共同的工作目標", "C": "病人整體醫療團隊的主要負責人是醫師", "D": "每一種專業都是獨立作業，治療結果互不受影響"}, "answer": "每一種專業都是獨立作業，治療結果互不受影響", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關 Misoprostol 之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Prostaglandin 之衍生物", "B": "孕婦可使用", "C": "抑制胃酸分泌 \t", "D": "保護胃壁細胞"}, "answer": "孕婦可使用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "3 一位 68 歲男性，最近一年來下樓梯會有疼痛及無力，左膝關節偶而會有水腫。另外，早晨起來兩手會有約 10 分鐘左右的晨僵。理學檢查發現：左手 II、III 指的遠端指間關節（DIP）及右手大拇指， IV 及 V 指遠端指間關節變形及突出物。兩手 X 光檢查發現多處遠端指間關節的空狹窄及有棘突物 。本病例最可能診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "Gouty arthritis", "B": "Rheumatoid arthritis", "C": "Osteoarthritis", "D": "Psoriatic arthropathy"}, "answer": "Osteoarthritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種原因引起之肋膜腔積水，最常見其 amylase 濃度會有增加之情形？", "options": {"A": "結核性肋膜炎", "B": "肺炎", "C": "血胸", "D": "食道破裂"}, "answer": "食道破裂", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "先天性 protein C 缺乏之病患常會合併下列何者狀況？", "options": {"A": "發生血栓機率較正常人高", "B": "血小板功能異常", "C": "易有出血傾向 \t", "D": "血小板數目降低"}, "answer": "發生血栓機率較正常人高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是嬰兒斜頸（torticollis）的適當治療方法？", "options": {"A": "患側邊頸部肌肉的牽拉運動", "B": "健側邊頸部肌肉的功能訓練", "C": "嚴重者可以手術去除纖維化肌肉", "D": "以石膏固定頸部"}, "answer": "以石膏固定頸部", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "腳踝內側割裂，傷及繞過內踝的跗骨隧道（tarsal tunnel）內的所有肌腱，下列腳趾的何種動作最可能受影響？", "options": {"A": "屈曲（flexion）", "B": "伸直（extension）", "C": "內收（adduction）", "D": "外展（abduction）"}, "answer": "屈曲（flexion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關自由能變化（∆G）的敘述中何者正確？", "options": {"A": "當 K'eq 大於 1 時，∆G'o小於 0", "B": "當 K'eq 小於 1 時，∆G'o小於 0", "C": "當 K'eq 等於 1 時，∆G'o等於 1", "D": "對任一反應而言，∆G'o為一常數"}, "answer": "當 K'eq 大於 1 時，∆G'o小於 0", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "副交感神經系統興奮會產生下列何種直接反應？", "options": {"A": "支氣管舒張", "B": "骨骼肌血管舒張", "C": "眼睛睫狀肌收縮", "D": "皮膚豎毛肌收縮"}, "answer": "眼睛睫狀肌收縮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是中間絲蛋白（intermediate filament protein）？", "options": {"A": "膠細胞纖維酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein）", "B": "纖維蛋白原（fibrinogen）", "C": "結蛋白（desmin）", "D": "神經絲蛋白（neurofilament protein）"}, "answer": "纖維蛋白原（fibrinogen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "29 心絞痛緩解藥物 nitroglycerin 釋出 NO（nitric oxide），啟動訊息傳遞途徑，以放鬆心肌，此過程中不包括下列何種分子？  ", "options": {"A": "cGMP \t", "B": "G protein-coupled receptor", "C": "protein kinase G \t", "D": "guanylyl cyclase"}, "answer": "G protein-coupled receptor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病不屬於neurocutaneous syndromes？", "options": {"A": "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "B": "multiple sclerosis", "C": "von Hippel-Lindau disease", "D": "incontinentia pigmenti"}, "answer": "multiple sclerosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "帕金森氏病（Parkinson's disease）患者說話常出現音量單調（monoloudness），短而急促（short rushes），此屬於下列何種構音障礙？", "options": {"A": "運動過弱型構音障礙（hypokinetic dysarthria）", "B": "弛緩型構音障礙（flaccid dysarthria）", "C": "運動失調型構音障礙（ataxic dysarthria）", "D": "痙攣型構音障礙（spastic dysarthria）"}, "answer": "運動過弱型構音障礙（hypokinetic dysarthria）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位剛接受心臟手術的 70 歲女性病人，在夜間會有意識障礙及視幻覺，在日間則意識清楚，但忘了夜間所發生的事情；她在此次心臟手術前並無任何精神疾病。以下對於此病人目前所最可能罹患之精神疾病之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "其目前意識之起起伏伏一定與其接受心臟手術有關", "B": "年紀較大是罹患此類精神疾病之主要危險因子", "C": "這類精神疾病在女性較常見", "D": "這類精神疾病不可能發生在失智症之患者"}, "answer": "年紀較大是罹患此類精神疾病之主要危險因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": " 78歲男性病人，罹患肺癌合併肝臟及腦部轉移，且呈現惡體質（cachexia），病人與家屬對病況的進展感到擔心，到甲醫師的門診諮詢。甲醫師的建議，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病人擔心疼痛無法控制，要求醫師幫忙注射致死藥物，提早結束生命。醫師表示，這是屬於積極的安樂死", "B": "病人退而求其次，要求醫師幫忙開立致死劑量的藥物，由病人自行服用，以結束生命。醫師表示，這本質", "C": "病人表示，若疼痛無法控制，希望能持續增加嗎啡的劑量，家屬也表示，常看到病人痛到掉眼淚。醫師表示，目前嗎啡劑量已經很大，若再增加嗎啡劑量，可能造成病人的呼吸抑制，違反倫理及違反法律，甲醫", "D": "病人及家屬諮詢氣管插管的事項。醫師表示，在生命近終點時，若不想插管急救，符合倫理與法律"}, "answer": "病人表示，若疼痛無法控制，希望能持續增加嗎啡的劑量，家屬也表示，常看到病人痛到掉眼淚。醫師表示，目前嗎啡劑量已經很大，若再增加嗎啡劑量，可能造成病人的呼吸抑制，違反倫理及違反法律，甲醫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Abacavir是治療人類免疫不全病毒（HIV）的核苷反轉錄酶抑制劑，有些病人服用可能會引起致死性的超敏感性反應（hypersensitivity reaction），其與下列何者基因相關？", "options": {"A": "HLA-B5701", "B": "HLA-B5801", "C": "HLA-B27", "D": "HLA-B46"}, "answer": "HLA-B5701", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "24 趙先生 59 歲，晚餐後突感前胸劇痛，並延伸到後背，經救護車送到醫院急診。趙先生除高血壓外並無其他病史。理學檢查發現意識清楚，血壓 180/50 mmHg，心跳 96/分，呼吸 18/分，頸靜脈平坦，胸骨左側有心縮期及心舒期雜音。胸部 X 光發現縱膈腔寬度約 8.5 公分。趙先生在胸部電腦斷層掃描檢查後又感胸痛，此時血壓下降至 110/50 mmHg，心跳 130/分，呼吸 25/分，頸靜脈怒張，下列何者是適當的處置？①立即心臟超音波檢查 ②給予 propranolol 及 sodium nitroprusside 治療 ③緊急手術 ④送入加護病房觀察並接受藥物治療 ", "options": {"A": "①①①", "B": "僅①①", "C": "①①", "D": "僅①"}, "answer": "僅①①", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某求診男性，經診斷患有尿道炎（urethritis）和結膜炎（conjunctivitis）。下列何者最有可能是其致病菌？", "options": {"A": "埃及嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus aegyptius）", "B": "立氏立克次體（Rickettsia rickettsii）", "C": "人類黴漿菌（Mycoplasma hominis）", "D": "砂眼披衣菌（Chlamydia trachomatis）"}, "answer": "砂眼披衣菌（Chlamydia trachomatis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "造成腦靜脈竇栓塞（cerebral venous sinus thrombosis）的原因，下列何者可能性最低？", "options": {"A": "血小板低下（thrombocythemia）", "B": "高血壓", "C": "惡性腫瘤", "D": "服用口服避孕藥"}, "answer": "高血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，最合適的檢查是：", "options": {"A": "腦部電腦斷層造影（computed tomography）", "B": "腦脊髓液分析（cerebrospinal fluid analysis）", "C": "腦波（electroencephalography）", "D": "頭部 X 光（skull-X-ray）"}, "answer": "腦部電腦斷層造影（computed tomography）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關免疫抑制劑與其不良作用（adverse reaction）之配對，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "anti-CD 3 單株抗體：類感冒症狀", "B": "corticosteroids：電解質不平衡", "C": "cyclosporine：重度骨髓抑制", "D": "azathioprine：骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "cyclosporine：重度骨髓抑制", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "治療急性輸尿管結石疼痛的藥物，下列那一種治療藥物沒有足夠的臨床實證支持有效？", "options": {"A": "解痙劑，例如 butylscopolamine（Buscopan）", "B": "非類固醇類消炎藥（non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs）", "C": "α-腎上腺素作用劑，例如 tamsulosin（Harnalidge）", "D": "鈣離子阻斷劑，例如長效型的 nifedipine（Adalat OROS）"}, "answer": "解痙劑，例如 butylscopolamine（Buscopan）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲的女性因為記憶力及認路能力日漸惡化，經過神經科專科醫師診斷，得了 Alzheimer's disease，日前開始接受藥物治療，但卻出現食慾變差、嘔吐等症狀，這位病人使用的藥物主要是提升何種神經傳導物質在腦中的濃度？", "options": {"A": "acetylcholine", "B": "norepinephrine", "C": "serotonin", "D": "dopamine"}, "answer": "acetylcholine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "1個月大的嬰兒到健兒門診接受預防注射，目前全母乳哺餵，身體診察時發現眼白泛黃，胸腹部皮膚呈現黃褐色，詢問大便顏色屬「嬰兒大便辨識卡」5號。下列處置何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "建議停止哺餵母乳，2天後再追蹤黃疸是否下降", "B": "檢\t血中直接及總膽紅素值", "C": "安排腹部超音波", "D": "檢 γGT（γ-glutamyl transpeptidase）"}, "answer": "建議停止哺餵母乳，2天後再追蹤黃疸是否下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "10 一酗酒病患因意識不清，劇烈嘔吐被送至急診室。其血液生化檢查及動脈血分析如下：pH：7.40，PaCO2 ：40 mmHg，HCO3-：24 mEq/L，Glucose：120 mg/dL，BUN：10 mg/dL，Cr：0.7 mg/dL，Na：134 mEq/L\n 6 mEq/L，Cl：80 mEq/L，Acetone：3+。則下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "病患血液酸鹼值正常無代謝性酸鹼疾病", "B": "病患患有代謝性酸中毒合併代謝性鹼中毒", "C": "病患患有代謝性酸中毒合併呼吸性鹼中毒", "D": "病患患有代謝性鹼中毒合併呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "病患患有代謝性酸中毒合併代謝性鹼中毒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "40歲女性因為無痛性巨觀性血尿（painless gross hematuria）求診。下列那一項檢查最能夠判別血尿的來源是腎絲球病變引起的？", "options": {"A": "血清肌酸酐濃度", "B": "血清補體C3濃度", "C": "尿液紅血球的形態", "D": "靜脈內泌尿攝影術（intravenous urography）"}, "answer": "尿液紅血球的形態", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "經由肺動脈導管（Intra-pulmonary artery catheter）取得混合靜脈血，其含氧量下降的原因經常是：", "options": {"A": "心輸出量減少 \t", "B": "心輸出量增加", "C": "代謝速率降低 \t", "D": "由左向右之分流（left-to-right shunt）"}, "answer": "心輸出量減少 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關第二鰓裂瘻管（second branchial fistula）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此瘻管有一端開口在胸鎖乳突肌之前緣", "B": "此瘻管在第九對與十二對顱神經間穿過", "C": "此瘻管有一端開口在喉部", "D": "此瘻管在內頸動脈後方穿過"}, "answer": "此瘻管有一端開口在喉部", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，此病人被送到醫院，傷口經沖洗、止血，神經、肌肉縫合之後，傷口縫起來，前區隔（anterior compartment）內的肌肉很重要，它主要的功能是什麼？", "options": {"A": "足蹠屈（plantarflex the foot）", "B": "膝屈（knee flexion）", "C": "足背屈（dorsiflex the foot）", "D": "屈（flex the great toe）"}, "answer": "足背屈（dorsiflex the foot）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Alzheimer typeⅡ星狀細胞與下列何者無關？", "options": {"A": "Alzheimer's disease", "B": "慢性肝病所引起之高血氨（hyperammonemia）", "C": "Wilson's disease", "D": "遺傳性尿素循環障礙（metabolic disorders of the urea cycle）"}, "answer": "Alzheimer's disease", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關生長因子（growth factors）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "表皮生長因子（epidermal growth factor）及轉化生長因子 α（transforming growth factor α, TGF-α）的共同受器（receptor）為表皮生長因子受器（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）", "B": "肝細胞生長因子（hepatocyte growth factor, HGF）的受器為 c-MET", "C": "對大部分上皮細胞而言，轉化生長因子 β（transforming growth factor β, TGF-β）可抑制其生長", "D": "轉化生長因子 β（transforming growth factor β, TGF-β）會導致嚴重的炎症反應"}, "answer": "轉化生長因子 β（transforming growth factor β, TGF-β）會導致嚴重的炎症反應", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為葡萄糖從小腸腔運輸至其上皮細胞內的機制？", "options": {"A": "促進性擴散作用（facilitated diffusion）", "B": "與鈉離子交換運輸（antiport）", "C": "與鈉離子共同運輸（symport）", "D": "初級主動運輸作用（primary active transport）"}, "answer": "與鈉離子共同運輸（symport）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲女性於例行健康檢查發現右側乳房有一界線清楚結節，病理檢查如附圖，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "該腫瘤好發於年紀較大的女性，一般來說預後較其他種類的原發性乳房惡性腫瘤差 \t", "B": "一般來說都不會有激素接受器（hormone receptor）的表現", "C": "該診斷為髓質癌（medullary carcinoma）", "D": "罹患該腫瘤的病人有 BRCA1 mutation 的機率較罹患其他種類的原發性乳房惡性腫瘤的病人要高"}, "answer": "罹患該腫瘤的病人有 BRCA1 mutation 的機率較罹患其他種類的原發性乳房惡性腫瘤的病人要高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種眼部腫瘤最有可能利用病理切片觀察之細胞型態分類來推測患者的預後？", "options": {"A": "視網膜母細胞瘤（Retinoblastoma） \t", "B": "脈絡膜惡性黑色素瘤（Malignant melanoma）", "C": "眼瞼基底細胞瘤（Basal cell carcinoma） \t", "D": "眼瞼惡性鱗狀上皮細胞瘤（Squamous cell carcinoma）"}, "answer": "脈絡膜惡性黑色素瘤（Malignant melanoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "遺傳性血色素沈著症（hemochromatosis）最常見之突變為：", "options": {"A": "HFE 基因複合異質接合子（compound heterozygote）H63D + C282Y", "B": "HFE 基因同質接合子（homozygote）H63D", "C": "HFE 基因同質接合子（homozygote）C282Y", "D": "HFE 基因複合異質接合子（compound heterozygote）C63Y + H282D"}, "answer": "HFE 基因同質接合子（homozygote）C282Y", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "細胞傷害中，鈣離子流入細胞內，不會引起那一項變化？", "options": {"A": "磷脂酶活化性降低", "B": "蛋白質磷酸化", "C": "細胞骨架分離", "D": "細胞膜受損"}, "answer": "磷脂酶活化性降低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "腸道黏膜層（mucosa layer）分泌黏液的最主要細胞是下列何種細胞？", "options": {"A": "腸內分泌細胞（enteroendocrine cells）", "B": "杯狀細胞（goblet cells）", "C": "潘氏細胞（Paneth cells）", "D": "微皺細胞（microfold cells）"}, "answer": "杯狀細胞（goblet cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關顏面神經的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "運動根（motor root）含有副交感神經纖維 \t", "B": "中間神經（nerve intermedius）含有支配軟腭的感覺神經纖維", "C": "岩大神經（greater petrosal nerve）含有支配骨骼肌的運動神經纖維", "D": "味覺纖維的細胞本體位於膝狀神經節（geniculate ganglion）"}, "answer": "味覺纖維的細胞本體位於膝狀神經節（geniculate ganglion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種做法，無法讓嚴重頭部外傷病人的腦壓降低？", "options": {"A": "平躺", "B": "止痛", "C": "使用鎮定劑", "D": "腦脊髓液引流"}, "answer": "平躺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於肋膜積液，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "多數惡性肋膜積液為exudate", "B": "轉移性乳癌及肺癌最常造成惡性肋膜積液", "C": "利用胸腔鏡手術引流同時亦有診斷的效果", "D": "肋膜黏連術（pleurodesis）對治療肋膜積液無效"}, "answer": "肋膜黏連術（pleurodesis）對治療肋膜積液無效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名不足1000公克的早產兒以高濃度氧氣治療，常見的後遺症之一是：", "options": {"A": "原發性青光眼（primary glaucoma）", "B": "霰粒腫（chalazion）", "C": "交感性眼炎（sympathetic ophthalmia）", "D": "水晶體後纖維增生（retrolental fibroplasia）"}, "answer": "水晶體後纖維增生（retrolental fibroplasia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 88 歲女性由家人送入急診就醫。主訴為腹脹一天，沒有解便，胃口不佳。病人為陳舊性中風病患，左側偏癱，長期臥床，意識清楚但無法明確表達。20 年前曾有大腸癌並做過切除手術，固定於直腸科門診追蹤。理學檢查發現血壓為 110/65 mmHg，心跳為 105/min，呼吸速率為 15/min，體溫為 36.6℃，腸音加快，腹脹且有輕微壓痛（tenderness），無反彈痛（rebound tenderness），二側鼠蹊部無鼓脹。腹部 X 光（KUB）發現整個小腸脹大（distended loops of small bowel）。依以上病史與 X 光發現，下列那一種疾病可能性最高？", "options": {"A": "腸套疊（intussusception）", "B": "腸沾黏（adhesion）", "C": "小腸壁狹窄（stricture）", "D": "疝氣（hernia）"}, "answer": "腸沾黏（adhesion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "足月產新生兒因呼吸急促住進新生兒加護病房，胸腹部Ｘ光如附圖，則最可能的診斷為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "橫膈疝脫（diaphragmatic hernia）", "B": "左側氣胸", "C": "胎便吸入（meconium aspiration）", "D": "右肋膜積液"}, "answer": "橫膈疝脫（diaphragmatic hernia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "女性乳房最常見的良性腫瘤為：", "options": {"A": "adenoma", "B": "lipoma", "C": "fibroadenoma", "D": "fibroma"}, "answer": "fibroadenoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲的病人在吃飯時突然發生頭痛，隨即有嘔吐現象，送到醫院時發現其左側上下肢無力，右側顏面神經麻痺，經臨床診斷為腦中風。其最可能的病變位置在下列何處？", "options": {"A": "基底核（basal ganglion）", "B": "視丘（thalamus）", "C": "橋腦（pons） \t", "D": "小腦（cerebellum）"}, "answer": "橋腦（pons） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "臨床上處理一隻已經喪失視力且疑似有惡性腫瘤的眼睛，下列那種手術較適合？", "options": {"A": "眼內容物剜除（evisceration）", "B": "眼球摘除（enucleation）", "C": "眼窩剜除（exenteration）", "D": "角膜移植（transplantation）"}, "answer": "眼球摘除（enucleation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是血小板活化因子（platelet activating factor）的特性？", "options": {"A": "它是一種醚甘油磷酯（ether glycerophospholipid）", "B": "其結構含有一個烷基（alkyl group）以醚鏈（ether linkage）鍵結在甘油的C1位置", "C": "其結構含有一個醋酸鹽基（acetate group）以酯鏈（ester linkage）鍵結在甘油的C2位置", "D": "它比縮醛磷脂（plasmalogen）更不易溶於水"}, "answer": "它比縮醛磷脂（plasmalogen）更不易溶於水", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "使用下列何種儀器或檢查，較無法得知眼球的屈光狀態（refractive status）？", "options": {"A": "直接眼底鏡（direct ophthalmoscope）", "B": "視網膜鏡（retinoscope）", "C": "眼球突出計（exophthalmometer）", "D": "電腦\t光儀（auto-refractor）"}, "answer": "眼球突出計（exophthalmometer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 62 歲男性惡性胃腫瘤病人，血中白蛋白為 2.6 g/dL。病人在接受胃部次全切除後次日，接受何種營養支持較合理？", "options": {"A": "全中心靜脈營養 \t", "B": "部分靜脈營養", "C": "普通點滴輸液即可 \t", "D": "經鼻胃管灌食"}, "answer": "部分靜脈營養", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "35 歲的男性病人到皮膚科就診，主訴每年夏天身上都會出現白色與棕色皮疹（如圖），KOH 鏡檢發現\"spaghetti and meatballs＂，則此病人最可能罹患：", "options": {"A": "玫瑰糠疹（pityriasis rosea） \t", "B": "變色糠疹（pityriasis versicolor）", "C": "白色糠疹（pityriasis alba） \t", "D": "慢性苔蘚性糠疹（pityriasis lichenoides chronica）"}, "answer": "變色糠疹（pityriasis versicolor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "40 歲的真真目前懷孕 30 週，是第一胎，過去無重大疾病之病史，產檢也都正常。此次產檢時血壓為 150/95 mmHg，尿蛋白 2＋，她抱怨這幾天來常頭痛、右上腹不舒服及偶爾視力模糊，兩三天來自覺胎動減少，胎兒超音波預估體重約 1000 克重，她很擔心目前寶寶的情形。如果您是她產檢的醫師，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "真真目前的情況已經符合子癎前症（preeclampsia）的定義", "B": "肝臟 Glisson capsule 受到壓力拉扯造成真真的右上腹痛，是一般孕期常見的現象", "C": "真真的腎臟血流（renal plasma flow）及腎絲球過濾率（GFR）均較同週數之正常孕婦為低", "D": "年紀較大或頭胎懷孕（nulliparous）是好發子癎前症的危險因子"}, "answer": "年紀較大或頭胎懷孕（nulliparous）是好發子癎前症的危險因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "依此病人心臟狀態，他最後的手術矯正方式，可以朝\t那個方向進行？", "options": {"A": "維持兩個心室之修補方式（two-ventricular repair）", "B": "只要肺動脈瓣置換就可", "C": "單心室之修補方式（single ventricular repair），即全腔靜脈肺動脈吻合術（total  cavopulmonary connection，", "D": "只要三尖瓣置換就可"}, "answer": "單心室之修補方式（single ventricular repair），即全腔靜脈肺動脈吻合術（total  cavopulmonary connection，", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者可導致肺水腫？", "options": {"A": "右心衰竭 \t", "B": "血清白蛋白（albumin）濃度增加", "C": "腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）", "D": "肺動脈阻塞"}, "answer": "腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何肌肉沒有參與構成腋窩（axilla）？", "options": {"A": "三角肌（deltoid） \t", "B": "胸大肌（pectoralis major）", "C": "大圓肌（teres major）", "D": "肩胛下肌（subscapularis）"}, "answer": "三角肌（deltoid） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關股骨頸骨折的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "非位移性股骨頸骨折（Nondisplaced fracture）手術治療後，仍有 10%股骨頭壞死（Osteonecrosis）併發症機會", "B": "位移性股骨頸骨折年輕患者（Displaced fracture in young patient）以鋼釘內固定治療，預後要好須達到解剖復位（Anatomic reduction）", "C": "75 歲以上老年人位移性股骨頸骨折（Displaced fracture in elderly patient）以鋼釘內固定治療失敗率高，而人工關節置換預後較好", "D": "疲憊性股骨頸骨折，壓迫性型態（Stress femoral neck fracture, compression type）以手術治療為主"}, "answer": "疲憊性股骨頸骨折，壓迫性型態（Stress femoral neck fracture, compression type）以手術治療為主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何項檢查工具，在沒有尿道受損跡象時，是診斷膀胱破裂的黃金標準（golden standard）？", "options": {"A": "泌尿道系統超音波", "B": "逆行性膀胱造影", "C": "順行性膀胱造影（靜脈腎盂造影）", "D": "加顯影劑之腹部電腦斷層"}, "answer": "逆行性膀胱造影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "癌症末期的蔣老婦人自知日子不多，在意識清楚時簽署了「安寧緩和醫療意願書」，希望病危的時候可以放棄急救。蔣老婦人病況惡化失去意識後，患者兒子卻執意要求醫師竭盡所能為母親施予心肺復甦及插管急救。你認為下列的行為，何者較為合適？", "options": {"A": "既然蔣老婦人在意識清楚的狀況下已經簽署了「安寧緩和醫療意願書」，應該加以尊重，不要再加以急救", "B": "既然蔣老婦人的兒子執意要求，應該順其兒子的意思，對蔣老婦人加以急救", "C": "應該多問幾位家屬的意見，如果大多數的家屬都贊成施予急救，醫師就應該對蔣老婦人加以急救", "D": "家屬意見與病患本人不同時，應該所有的家屬都同意急救，再對蔣老婦人加以急救"}, "answer": "既然蔣老婦人在意識清楚的狀況下已經簽署了「安寧緩和醫療意願書」，應該加以尊重，不要再加以急救", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "85 歲的朱先生已罹患失智症多年，最近因腹膜炎接受緊急手術。術後併發急性呼吸衰竭住進加護病房。由於朱先生的情況十分危急，雖然主治醫師和住院醫師都非常用心診治，朱先生隨時有心肺功能終止的可能。於是主治醫師請住院醫師向家屬說明朱先生的情況並請家屬考慮簽署不予施行心肺復甦術（CPR）的同意書。在向家屬說明及溝通之前，下列何者是主治醫師和住院醫師必須最先確認的狀況？", "options": {"A": "朱先生有無預立相關意願書", "B": "家屬能了解朱先生的意願", "C": "醫師的建議並無利益衝突", "D": "朱先生家屬的意願"}, "answer": "朱先生有無預立相關意願書", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於性激素（sex hormones）的類固醇合成（steroidogenesis）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "雌激素（estrogens）、雄性素（androgens）與黃體素（progesterone）都是由膽固醇（cholesterol）轉化而來", "B": "濾泡周圍的卵囊膜細胞（theca cells）製造雄性素（androgens）是經由FSH的刺激", "C": "雌激素（estrogens）是由雄性素（androgens）在芳香環轉化酶（aromatase）的作用下轉化而來", "D": "黃體素（progesterone）是含有21個碳原子的類固醇，雄性素（androgens）是含有19個碳原子的類固醇，而雌激素（estrogens）是含有18個碳原子的分子"}, "answer": "濾泡周圍的卵囊膜細胞（theca cells）製造雄性素（androgens）是經由FSH的刺激", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "記憶性 CD8+ T 細胞的分化與功能維持，需要 CD4+ T 細胞的幫忙，以目前研究所知，那些分子訊息參與這個過程？", "options": {"A": "CD28 與 IFN-γ", "B": "CD40 與 IFN-γ", "C": "CD40 與 IL-2", "D": "CD28 與 IL-2"}, "answer": "CD40 與 IL-2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "45 一名 3 個月大男嬰的血清中，苯丙胺酸（Phenylalanine）與苯丙酮酸（Phenylpyruvate）的濃度較高。", "options": {"A": "苯丙胺酸羥化酶（Phenylalanine hydroxylase）活性降低 \t", "B": "血清中的黑尿酸（Homogentisic acid）濃度偏高", "C": "血清中的維生素B12B 濃度偏低", "D": "血清中的維生素B6B 濃度偏低"}, "answer": "苯丙胺酸羥化酶（Phenylalanine hydroxylase）活性降低 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於兒童青少年妥瑞氏症（Tourette's disorder），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "只要出現動作抽動（motor tics）或聲帶型抽動（vocal tics）其中一種即可診斷為妥瑞氏症", "B": "只要長大成年後都會痊癒", "C": "同卵雙胞胎手足和異卵雙胞胎手足同時罹患妥瑞氏症的機會相同", "D": "作用在多巴胺接受器拮抗作用的抗精神藥物對於妥瑞氏症具有療效"}, "answer": "作用在多巴胺接受器拮抗作用的抗精神藥物對於妥瑞氏症具有療效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "完全切除甲狀腺，除造成體內甲狀腺素缺乏之外，尚可能導致那 2 種激素缺乏？", "options": {"A": "降鈣素（calcitonin）及胰島素", "B": "胰島素及甲促素（TSH）", "C": "甲促素及副甲狀腺素（parathyroid hormone）", "D": "副甲狀腺素及降鈣素"}, "answer": "副甲狀腺素及降鈣素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於功能性的邊緣系統（limbic system）？", "options": {"A": "杏仁體（amygdala）", "B": "小腦齒狀核（dentate nucleus of cerebellum）", "C": "海馬回（hippocampus）", "D": "下視丘（hypothalamus）"}, "answer": "小腦齒狀核（dentate nucleus of cerebellum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關糖尿病神經病變之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "遠端對稱性以感覺為主的多發性神經病變最為常見", "B": "糖尿病患者之死亡率與大纖維神經病變密切相關", "C": "動眼神經病變為常見的糖尿病性顱神經病變", "D": "第一型糖尿病患者神經病變與高血糖密切相關"}, "answer": "糖尿病患者之死亡率與大纖維神經病變密切相關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關骨質疏鬆（osteoporosis）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "體重過輕、長期抽菸飲酒的人較易發生", "B": "停經越早，發生骨質疏鬆的機會越大", "C": "定義為雙能量 X 光骨質密度吸收測量儀（dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA）檢查，T-score 介於-1～-2.5 標準差之間", "D": "雙磷酸鹽類（biphosphonates）藥物可有效預防骨質疏鬆症"}, "answer": "定義為雙能量 X 光骨質密度吸收測量儀（dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA）檢查，T-score 介於-1～-2.5 標準差之間", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者最不可能造成高容積性低血鈉症（hypervolemic hyponatremia）？", "options": {"A": "低醛固酮血症（hypoaldosteronism）", "B": "急性腎小管壞死（acute tubular necrosis）初期", "C": "腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）", "D": "鬱血性心臟病（congestive heart disease）"}, "answer": "低醛固酮血症（hypoaldosteronism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是老年疾病的特點？", "options": {"A": "老人的病症較為模糊且不具特異性（non-specific）", "B": "老人的病情常較多樣化", "C": "易產生功能障礙且恢復較慢", "D": "老人較不會發生系統性疾病（systemic disease）"}, "answer": "老人較不會發生系統性疾病（systemic disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位病人發生右側脛骨（tibia）骨折以石膏固定期間，在復健醫療上下列何者處置最適當？", "options": {"A": "右小腿肌肉等張運動（isotonic exercise）", "B": "限制右小腿肌肉活動", "C": "右小腿肌肉等長運動（isometric exercise）", "D": "儘量做踝關節全關節運動（full range exercise）"}, "answer": "右小腿肌肉等長運動（isometric exercise）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者將第二到第五的掌骨頭部（head of metacarpal bones）聯合在一起？", "options": {"A": "骨間韌帶（interosseous ligament） \t", "B": "側副韌帶（collateral ligament）", "C": "掌側韌帶（palmar ligament）", "D": "掌骨深橫韌帶（deep transverse metacarpal ligaments）"}, "answer": "掌骨深橫韌帶（deep transverse metacarpal ligaments）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "糖尿病（DM）為國人常見疾病之一，下列有關糖尿病患的麻醉考量，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病患的糖尿病相關器官傷害，常因症狀不明顯而被病患所忽略", "B": "高血壓、無痛心肌梗塞、姿態性低血壓為糖尿病交感神經病變徵候之一", "C": "手術引起高血糖為正常生理變化，血糖控制在250 mg/dL左右即可", "D": "術前若有在使用胰島素，且沒有靜脈給予葡萄糖液，則一般手術當天應暫時停止使用胰島素"}, "answer": "手術引起高血糖為正常生理變化，血糖控制在250 mg/dL左右即可", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於 Bacillus anthracis 毒素的敘述，那一項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是由一種質體所攜帶的基因導致", "B": "protective antigen 加上 edema factor 形成 edema toxin", "C": "protective antigen 加上 lethal factor 形成 lethal toxin", "D": "protective antigen 單獨作用的毒性最強，對細胞破壞力最大"}, "answer": "protective antigen 單獨作用的毒性最強，對細胞破壞力最大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 56 歲男性，糖尿病患者，因突然發生呼吸困難而被送到急診，身體檢查發現呼吸急促，心跳加速，四肢冰冷，血壓正常，兩側肺野明顯囉音（rales），並可聽見哮鳴（wheezing），胸部 X 光片發現心臟大小正常，兩側對稱性肺水腫。以下的診斷何者可能性最高？", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗塞", "B": "急性肺栓塞", "C": "上呼吸道異物堵塞", "D": "成人呼吸窘迫症候群（Adult respiratory distress syndrome）"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗塞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於放線菌（Actinomyces）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "生長快速，且需要有氧的環境", "B": "會形成含有硫磺狀顆粒（sulfur granules）的肉芽腫病變", "C": "多數的感染始於頸顏部（cervicofacial area）", "D": "可造成胸、腹部、骨盆腔、中樞神經系統的放線菌病（actinomycosis）"}, "answer": "生長快速，且需要有氧的環境", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最容易造成代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）？", "options": {"A": "嚴重嘔吐 \t", "B": "嚴重腹瀉 \t", "C": "過度換氣（hyperventilation）", "D": "潰瘍"}, "answer": "嚴重嘔吐 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最不可能為嗅覺喪失之病因？", "options": {"A": "鼻中隔彎曲", "B": "鼻咽囊腫", "C": "額葉腫瘤", "D": "病毒感染"}, "answer": "鼻咽囊腫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "56.一位50歲男性患者，未服用任何藥物和保健食品，主訴體重上升，有月亮臉、水牛肩、中心型肥胖、皮膚 薄、易瘀青，下列處置何者最不適當？\n", "options": {"A": "隨機測量血中ACTH和cortisol", "B": "抽血測量上午8點與下午4點的ACTH和cortisol", "C": "測量24小時尿液的cortisol量", "D": "做 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test"}, "answer": "隨機測量血中ACTH和cortisol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關新生兒暫時性呼吸急促（transient tachypnea of newborn）胸部X光變化，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "肺門的浸潤增加", "B": "常常可見到minor fissure", "C": "胸部X光的不正常影像，常可持續4天以上", "D": "偶爾可見到少量的肋膜積液"}, "answer": "胸部X光的不正常影像，常可持續4天以上", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關Bruton agammaglobulinemia的特徵，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為體染色體顯性遺傳（autosomal dominant inheritance）疾病，且血中CD19陽性的B細胞通常小於1%", "B": "血中IgG、IgA、IgE濃度很低", "C": "容易有反覆性細菌性肺炎、中耳炎及鼻竇炎", "D": "反覆性細菌性感染常在嬰兒期 6個月後出現"}, "answer": "為體染色體顯性遺傳（autosomal dominant inheritance）疾病，且血中CD19陽性的B細胞通常小於1%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "A 血型的小華因動手術需要輸血，但不慎被輸入 B 型紅血球，後來引起發燒、血栓、血紅素尿等症狀，這屬於第幾型過敏反應？", "options": {"A": "第一型", "B": "第二型", "C": "第三型", "D": "第四型"}, "answer": "第二型", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不會導致小頭畸形（microcephaly）？", "options": {"A": "德國麻疹病毒（rubella virus）", "B": "巨細胞病毒（cytomegalovirus）", "C": "弓漿蟲（Toxoplasma gondii）", "D": "沙利竇脈（thalidomide） 33 在眼球中，下列何者不屬於葡萄膜（uvea or tunica vasculosa）？"}, "answer": "沙利竇脈（thalidomide） 33 在眼球中，下列何者不屬於葡萄膜（uvea or tunica vasculosa）？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者衍生成為肛管（anal canal）的下1/3段？", "options": {"A": "原肛（proctodeum）", "B": "直腸（rectum）", "C": "泌尿生殖竇（urogenital sinus）", "D": "泄殖腔（cloaca）"}, "answer": "原肛（proctodeum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在手掌橈動脈（radial artery）穿過下列何者注入掌深弓（deep palmar arch）？", "options": {"A": "內收拇肌（adductor pollicis）", "B": "對掌拇肌（opponens pollicis）", "C": "外展拇短肌（abductor pollicis brevis）", "D": "第一掌側骨間肌（1st palmar interosseous m.）"}, "answer": "內收拇肌（adductor pollicis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "聚合酶鏈鎖反應（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）為二十世紀最偉大的發明之一。PCR 反應早已廣泛應用於醫學及生物研究。PCR 反應並不需要下列何種物質？", "options": {"A": "DNA 雙股模板（template）", "B": "引子（primer）", "C": "去氧核糖核酸聚合酶（DNA polymerase）", "D": "反轉錄酶（reverse transcriptase）"}, "answer": "DNA 雙股模板（template）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在膽管囊腫的分類中，最常見的是那一種？", "options": {"A": "TypeⅠ（cystic dilatation of common bile duct）", "B": "TypeⅡ（diverticulum from common bile duct）", "C": "TypeⅢ（choledochocele）", "D": "TypeⅣ（dilatation of both intra- and extrahepatic duct）"}, "answer": "TypeⅠ（cystic dilatation of common bile duct）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "46 歲女病人主訴兩側手腕關節及手指關節腫痛已 3 個多月。抽血檢查，ESR 及 CRP 皆明顯上升，且類風濕因子也呈陽性。雙手 X 光也發現關節邊緣性腐蝕現象。此時，除給予消炎止痛劑（NSAID）外，最適宜再給予的免疫調節劑為下列那一種？", "options": {"A": "methotrexate", "B": "cyclosporine", "C": "cyclophosphamide", "D": "azathioprine"}, "answer": "methotrexate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "20 一位 27 歲男性即將前往中國大陸外商公司工作，被要求需預防注射包括病毒性肝炎，先前檢查病毒性肝炎 ABCDE（anti-HAV, anti-HBs 及 anti-HBc, anti-HCV, anti-HDV, anti-HEV）均無抗體。請問你 可安排那幾項目前已有之病毒性肝炎疫苗？\n", "options": {"A": "A + B", "B": "B + C", "C": "C + D", "D": "D + E"}, "answer": "A + B", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關男女性生殖器官之配對，下列何者不是同源構造？", "options": {"A": "陰莖頭（glans of penis）- 陰蒂頭（glans of clitoris）", "B": "陰莖海綿球（bulb of corpus spongiosum）- 前庭球（vestibular bulb）", "C": "陰囊（scrotum）- 大陰唇（labia majora）", "D": "前列腺（prostate gland）- 前庭腺（vestibular gland）"}, "answer": "前列腺（prostate gland）- 前庭腺（vestibular gland）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Plasmacytoid dendritic cell 主要藉由分泌何類細胞激素來對抗病毒？", "options": {"A": "Type Ⅰ interferons", "B": "IFN-γ", "C": "TNF-α", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "Type Ⅰ interferons", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "某些微生物感染而引起自體免疫疾病，其致病機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "引起人體特殊HLA抗原的表現，進而導致自體免疫性", "B": "由於感染抗原與組織抗原之分子類似性（molecular mimicry），導致自體免疫性", "C": "高內皮小靜脈細胞（high endothelial venule, HEV）被活化，進而導致自體免疫性", "D": "胸腺之中央移除（central deletion）機轉受影響，進而導致自體免疫性"}, "answer": "由於感染抗原與組織抗原之分子類似性（molecular mimicry），導致自體免疫性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "目前唯一會對人類造成全身性感染之青黴菌屬（Penicillium），其兩型性（Dimorphic）病原為何？", "options": {"A": "P. marneffei", "B": "P. notutum", "C": "P. chrysogenum", "D": "P. claviformes"}, "answer": "P. marneffei", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一個足月順產的新生兒，出生的 2 天內並沒有異狀，也已經開始規律性的進食母乳。但是在第 3 天時出現進食不佳以及嗜睡的現象，經抽血檢查後疑似有機酸血症。您覺得下列那一組實驗室診斷數據，最能符合上述的診斷？", "options": {"A": "Glucose 60 mg/dL, pH 7.45, NH3：800 μmol/L, Lactate 2.5 μmol/L", "B": "Glucose 50 mg/dL, pH 7.10, NH3：120 μmol/L, Lactate 4.0 μmol/L", "C": "Glucose 50 mg/dL, pH 7.40, NH3：50 μmol/L, Lactate 2.5 μmol/L", "D": "Glucose 10 mg/dL, pH 7.30, NH3：50 μmol/L, Lactate 12 μmol/L"}, "answer": "Glucose 50 mg/dL, pH 7.10, NH3：120 μmol/L, Lactate 4.0 μmol/L", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於感染第一型人類免疫缺乏病毒（HIV-1）之後的無症狀期之敘述，何者為錯？", "options": {"A": "此時血中可測到抗 HIV-1 的抗體", "B": "此時血中無病毒的存在", "C": "此時血中 CD4 T-lymphocyte 數目逐漸減少", "D": "可持續數年之久"}, "answer": "此時血中無病毒的存在", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 10 歲男孩，因高血壓來診，身體診查發現右上肢血壓為 180/90 mmHg，背後兩肩胛骨間有一收縮期雜音。並發現兩側股動脈之脈動摸不清楚，但兩側橈（radial）動脈很清楚。下列何種疾病應優先列入鑑別診斷？", "options": {"A": "主動脈弓縮窄（coarctation of aorta）", "B": "主動脈瓣狹窄（aortic stenosis）", "C": "上主動脈瓣狹窄（supravalvular stenosis）", "D": "下主動脈瓣狹窄（subaortic stenosis）"}, "answer": "主動脈弓縮窄（coarctation of aorta）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是停經後婦女接受荷爾蒙治療的禁忌症（contraindication）？", "options": {"A": "未確定診斷之子宮出血", "B": "肝臟疾病", "C": "乳癌 \t", "D": "高血壓"}, "answer": "高血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "19 40 歲陳先生因心雜音轉介來診，其頸動脈搏動強烈，血壓 150/40 mmHg，心尖處搏動點擴大，聽診顯示在第二心音後，隨即聽到第 3 級舒張期高音雜音（Grade 3 high-pitched diastolic blowing murmur）， 此心雜音最有可能是下列何者引起？ \n", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狹窄（mitral stenosis）", "B": "三尖瓣閉鎖不全（tricuspid regurgitation）", "C": "肺動脈瓣狹窄（pulmonary stenosis）", "D": "主動脈瓣閉鎖不全（aortic regurgitation） 20 \t與肝素（heparin）比較，低分子肝素（low-molecular-weight heparin）不具有下列何優點？"}, "answer": "主動脈瓣閉鎖不全（aortic regurgitation） 20 \t與肝素（heparin）比較，低分子肝素（low-molecular-weight heparin）不具有下列何優點？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者非 Sertoli cell 的主要功能？", "options": {"A": "吞噬有缺陷（defective）的精子", "B": "分泌 paracrine 分子來影響 Leydig cell 的功能", "C": "接受 LH 的刺激來分泌 testosterone", "D": "分泌 Müllerian-inhibiting substance 來調控性別分化"}, "answer": "接受 LH 的刺激來分泌 testosterone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "79.一位80歲的老人因顱內血管破裂而住入加護病房，病人此時神智不清、昏迷指數只剩三分。病人有一兒子，兩人沒有住在一起，感情並不親密。病人之前神智清楚時曾書面指定隔壁鄰居為醫療委任代理人，此時面臨 拔管的決定，依我國相關法令，下列何者正確？\n", "options": {"A": "兒子為唯一醫療代理人", "B": "隔壁鄰居為唯一醫療代理人", "C": "兒子和隔壁鄰居應為共同代理", "D": "兒子和隔壁鄰居都不得代理決定"}, "answer": "隔壁鄰居為唯一醫療代理人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關腦中風的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "使用抗血小板藥物，有預防缺血性中風再發的效果", "B": "治療高血壓，可有效降低中風的發生", "C": "抽煙與腦中風，無直接的關聯性", "D": "缺血性腦中風的病人，只要合併心房震顫，應建議接受抗凝血劑治療"}, "answer": "抽煙與腦中風，無直接的關聯性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對染色體為 46, X, i(Xq)之身材矮小的 13 歲女孩，能幫助她長高的最好方法為：", "options": {"A": "多運動 \t", "B": "生長激素治療", "C": "生長激素加胰島素治療", "D": "生長激素加女性荷爾蒙治療"}, "answer": "生長激素加女性荷爾蒙治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關腦動靜脈畸型之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "直徑小於 3 cm 之動靜脈畸型以立體定位放射線（Stereotactic radiosurgery）照射治療為佳", "B": "腦動靜脈畸型常在 24 小時內再出血，所以手術應在發現出血後立即進行", "C": "腦動靜脈畸型造成出血之年齡比動脈瘤早", "D": "腦動靜脈畸型出血比率在年輕人為每年 3-4％"}, "answer": "腦動靜脈畸型常在 24 小時內再出血，所以手術應在發現出血後立即進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 15 歲發育中的青少女，側彎角度以 Cobb angle 測量為 25 度，其側彎頂端（apex）在胸椎第六節。下列何種脊椎背架最適用？", "options": {"A": "米華基背架（Milwaukee brace） \t", "B": "泰勒背架（Taylor brace）", "C": "波士頓背架（Boston brace） \t", "D": "大阪醫科大學背架（Osaka Medical College brace）"}, "answer": "米華基背架（Milwaukee brace） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是引起膽管癌（cholangiocarcinoma）之危險因子？", "options": {"A": "原發性硬化性膽管炎（primary sclerosing cholangitis）", "B": "總膽管結石（common bile duct stone）", "C": "先天性膽管囊腫（choledochal cyst）", "D": "反覆性化膿性膽管炎（recurrent pyogenic cholangitis）"}, "answer": "總膽管結石（common bile duct stone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "請指出 σ factor 在大腸桿菌 RNA 聚合酶（polymerase）中的功能為何？", "options": {"A": "先與啟動子結合，再誘使與核心酶（core enzyme）的結合", "B": "與核心酶（core enzyme）結合後，能確保 RNA 聚合酶與啟動子（promoter）結合的專一性", "C": "能終止 RNA 鏈生合成的因子", "D": "具轉錄 DNA 模板的活性"}, "answer": "與核心酶（core enzyme）結合後，能確保 RNA 聚合酶與啟動子（promoter）結合的專一性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "血塊造成右肺動脈（right pulmonary artery）栓塞（embolism），此血塊最可能來自下列何處？", "options": {"A": "右肺靜脈（right pulmonary vein）", "B": "左肺靜脈（left pulmonary vein）", "C": "左股靜脈（left femoral vein）", "D": "左心室（left ventricle）"}, "answer": "左股靜脈（left femoral vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，病人動脈血液氣體最可能之變化為：", "options": {"A": "血氧降低（Hypoxemia）", "B": "血中二氧化碳貯積（CO2 retention）", "C": "代謝性酸血症（Metabolic acidosis）", "D": "代謝性鹼血症（Metabolic alkalosis）"}, "answer": "血氧降低（Hypoxemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者發生阻塞，最不影響輸精管的血液供應？", "options": {"A": "睪丸動脈", "B": "膀胱下動脈", "C": "直腸中動脈", "D": "陰部內動脈"}, "answer": "陰部內動脈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "31.家族型高膽固醇血症，有可能是因為低密度脂蛋白受體基因突變所引起。一對夫妻有一位5歲的小孩，身上出現黃色瘤 （xanthoma）而就診。抽血檢查後發現其膽固醇大於1000 mg/dL。如果醫師進行家族分析，發現父母親的血中膽固醇都介於\n mg/dL到400 mg/dL之間。對於這個家族疾病遺傳的敘述，下列何者不適當？", "options": {"A": "如果只\t眼於血中膽固醇大於1000 mg/dL的同合子（homozygous）突變，這是一種隱性遺傳", "B": "如果\t眼於膽固醇有升高，這是一種顯性遺傳", "C": "同樣的基因突變卻不一樣的表現，表示有epigenetics出現", "D": "家族中很可能還有其他的成員有高膽固醇血症"}, "answer": "同樣的基因突變卻不一樣的表現，表示有epigenetics出現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "65歲女性，下腹部磁振造影檢查呈現如圖，箭號所指最可能為何？", "options": {"A": "子宮肌瘤", "B": "子宮內膜癌 \t", "C": "子宮腺肌症", "D": "子宮頸癌"}, "answer": "子宮頸癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關Bacillus anthracis臨床診斷感染之敘述，那一項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可直接利用革蘭氏染色法檢查檢體中細菌的特徵", "B": "臨床檢體中之細菌是桿狀但不會有莢膜（capsule）之形成", "C": "可利用gamma phage造成細菌溶解", "D": "可採用DFA test檢測細胞壁多醣體"}, "answer": "臨床檢體中之細菌是桿狀但不會有莢膜（capsule）之形成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "最大的白血球是：", "options": {"A": "單核球（monocyte）", "B": "嗜中性球（neutrophil）", "C": "嗜伊紅球（eosinophil）", "D": "嗜鹼性球（basophil）"}, "answer": "單核球（monocyte）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關 GnRH 促進劑（gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist），下列敘述何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "半衰期比內生性 GnRH 短", "B": "作用在腦下垂體", "C": "無法作用在子宮內膜", "D": "可皮下、肌肉注射及口服投予"}, "answer": "作用在腦下垂體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "35.在一般情況下，下列那些基質（matrix）不會進行鈣化（calcification）？①彈性軟骨 （elastic cartilage） ②透明軟骨（hyaline cartilage） ③纖維軟骨（fibrocartilage） \n", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "①③", "C": "②③", "D": "①②③"}, "answer": "①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關家族性腎細胞癌（familial renal cell carcinoma）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "von Hippel-Lindau disease和 familial papillary renal cell carcinoma是較常見的臨床疾病", "B": "亮細胞型腎細胞癌（clear cell renal cell carcinoma）為常見的腎臟癌類型", "C": "von Hippel-Lindau disease主要臨床表現有腎細胞癌，嗜鉻細胞瘤（pheochromocytoma），視網膜血管胚細胞瘤（retinal hemangioblastoma）等", "D": "von Hippel-Lindau disease的病人好發於70歲，約有一半會發生腎細胞癌，有時會有雙側腎臟侵犯"}, "answer": "von Hippel-Lindau disease的病人好發於70歲，約有一半會發生腎細胞癌，有時會有雙側腎臟侵犯", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "79 在那些情況下，醫療人員的保密義務可以有例外？①總統因為急症入院，媒體詢問總統病情時 ②警察要求醫療人員提供嫌疑犯之病歷與檢驗資料以協助破案 ③憂鬱症病患自殺身亡後，其精神科醫師使用其詳細病史來呼籲自殺防治 ④病人同意他的資訊可以被揭露", "options": {"A": "①②③④", "B": "僅①②④", "C": "僅②④", "D": "僅④"}, "answer": "僅④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關胸痛的鑑別診斷與描述，下列那一項最不適當？", "options": {"A": "章魚壺心肌症（Takotsubo cardiomyopathy）通常以突然發作的胸痛或呼吸急促表現", "B": "氣胸（pneumothorax）的風險因素包括男性、抽菸、家族病史等", "C": "心包炎（pericarditis）引起的胸痛在平躺時改善，坐起或身體前傾時加劇", "D": "使用硝酸甘油（nitroglycerin）可能改善食道痙攣（esophageal spasm）所引起的胸痛"}, "answer": "心包炎（pericarditis）引起的胸痛在平躺時改善，坐起或身體前傾時加劇", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不會增加阻塞型肥厚性心肌症之左心出路阻塞？", "options": {"A": "增加心臟收縮力 \t", "B": "減低左心室後負荷（afterload）", "C": "減低左心室前負荷（preload）", "D": "蹲下動作"}, "answer": "蹲下動作", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位下肢水腫合併腹水的病人，血清中白蛋白（albumin）為3.0 g/dL，腹水中的白蛋白（ascitic albumin）及蛋白質總量（ascitic protein）分別為1.2及2.8 g/dL，下列何項診斷最不可能？", "options": {"A": "hepatic vein thrombosis, early stage", "B": "heart failure", "C": "liver cirrhosis", "D": "hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome"}, "answer": "liver cirrhosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關退化性老年癡呆症（Alzheimer's disease）的治療藥物之描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "利用 carbonic anhydrase 抑制劑或 bicarbonate 將尿液鹼化會加速 memantine 的排除", "B": "Donepezil 為一種長效型的乙醯膽鹼酯酶（acetylcholinesterase）抑制劑，其代謝產物的活性與原型藥物的作用強度相當", "C": "Cimetidine 會增加 galantamine 的生體可用率（bioavailability）", "D": "Nicotine 會增加 rivastigmine 的體內清除率（clearance）"}, "answer": "利用 carbonic anhydrase 抑制劑或 bicarbonate 將尿液鹼化會加速 memantine 的排除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關 nitric oxide synthase（NOS）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "NOS 1（nNOS）存在於神經系統，可被交感神經刺激而活化", "B": "NOS 2（iNOS）存在於免疫細胞及巨噬細胞（macrophage），可被 bradykinin 活化", "C": "NOS 3（eNOS）存在於血管內皮細胞（endothelial cell），可被 cytokine 活化", "D": "NOS 1、NOS 2 及 NOS 3 所產生之 NO 會被血紅素（hemoglobin）去活化"}, "answer": "NOS 1、NOS 2 及 NOS 3 所產生之 NO 會被血紅素（hemoglobin）去活化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "依據安寧緩和醫療條例之規定，不施⾏⼼肺復甦術或維⽣醫療之意願書的內容，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "意願⼈之姓名、國⺠⾝分證統⼀編號及住所或居所", "B": "立意願書之⽇期", "C": "意願⼈接受安寧緩和醫療或維⽣醫療抉擇之意願及其內容", "D": "意願書之簽署，應有具完全⾏為能⼒者⼆⼈以上在場⾒證。⾒證⼈最好為實施安寧緩和醫療之醫療機構⼈"}, "answer": "意願書之簽署，應有具完全⾏為能⼒者⼆⼈以上在場⾒證。⾒證⼈最好為實施安寧緩和醫療之醫療機構⼈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於糖尿病足瘡（diabetic foot ulcer）的敘述，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "曾有足瘡但傷口已經癒合者，復發機會較其他糖尿病患者少", "B": "血管病變引起者比神經病變引起者之預後好", "C": "糖尿病患者應自我照顧潰爛傷口，不必就醫，以減少醫療資源浪費", "D": "處理糖尿病足的最終目標在於降低截肢的發生率"}, "answer": "處理糖尿病足的最終目標在於降低截肢的發生率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者由源自C1的神經透過舌下神經（CN XII）來支配？", "options": {"A": "胸骨舌骨肌（sternohyoid m.）", "B": "頦舌骨肌（geniohyoid m.）", "C": "胸骨甲狀肌（sternothyroid m.）", "D": "莖突舌骨肌（stylohyoid m.）"}, "answer": "頦舌骨肌（geniohyoid m.）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "人類乳突狀病毒（Human papillomavirus, HPV）第幾型在子宮頸上皮內贅瘤Ⅱ，Ⅲ（Cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅡ，Ⅲ；CIN Ⅱ，Ⅲ）最為常見？", "options": {"A": "6", "B": "11", "C": "16", "D": "18"}, "answer": "16", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 40 歲婦女自 20 多歲就被診斷甲狀腺腫，因無症狀未繼續追蹤，自覺 1 年來甲狀腺腫變大、聲音沙啞。下列理學檢查何者最不傾向惡性腫瘤？", "options": {"A": "頸部可觸摸到淋巴結", "B": "甲狀腺腫有壓痛感", "C": "有聲帶麻痹 \t", "D": "甲狀腺腫堅硬如石"}, "answer": "甲狀腺腫有壓痛感", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 之作用為何？", "options": {"A": "是肝、腎和心臟細胞運送細胞質中 NADH 進入電子傳遞鏈之途徑 \t", "B": "將細胞質中 NADH 的還原當量（reducing equivalents）傳送至 ubiquinone", "C": "glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 比 malate aspartate shuttle 所產生之 ATP 量多", "D": "主要目的是將 ATP 送出粒線體外利用"}, "answer": "將細胞質中 NADH 的還原當量（reducing equivalents）傳送至 ubiquinone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是國際頭痛疾病分類第3版測試版（ICHD-3, beta）偏頭痛（migraine）的診斷標準？", "options": {"A": "不治療或治療無效時，頭痛發作會持續4～72⼩時", "B": "伴隨噁⼼及／或嘔吐", "C": "⽇常活動會使頭痛加劇", "D": "伴隨流淚及眼結膜充⾎"}, "answer": "伴隨流淚及眼結膜充⾎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "62 古先生平時身體健康，並無特殊病史。他於三個星期前至東南亞旅行，回國三天後，開始發生高燒（至 39℃），至今不退。除了發燒之外，伴隨有頭痛（headache）、寒顫（chills）、腹部疼痛、肌肉酸痛等情形；古先生並注意到，在開始發燒後約一星期時，在前胸及腹部曾出現過如鮭魚色 （salmon- colored）、可以壓退（blanchable）的皮疹（skin rash）。在發燒兩個多星期不退的情況下，古先生來到某教學醫院門診求診，初步理學檢查並無明顯異常，簡單的實驗室檢查發現白血球計數與\n 分類均正常，血色素略低（11 g/dL），血小板為 150 K/μL。醫師初步診斷為 enteric fever。所謂 enteric fever，其可能致病菌為何？ \n", "options": {"A": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "B": "Salmonella enteritidis \t", "C": "Salmonella typhi \t", "D": "Shigella"}, "answer": "Salmonella typhi \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位年輕女性全身長滿如下圖的病灶，眼科醫師也發現虹膜結節（Lisch nodules），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "這是一種性聯遺傳性疾病 \t", "B": "常伴隨骨骼的異常", "C": "可能會合併有中樞神經的腫瘤發生", "D": "此病根據臨床表現就可以診斷，不一定要切片檢查"}, "answer": "這是一種性聯遺傳性疾病 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關外傷性耳膜破裂之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "絕大部分的耳膜破裂可自行癒合", "B": "應衛教病人避免水或液體進入耳道造成感染", "C": "大多數是在耳膜的緊張部（pars tensa）破裂，若是在後上部分（posterosuperior quadrant）可傷及聽小骨鏈（ossicular chain）", "D": "應給予口服或外用抗生素以免二次感染"}, "answer": "應給予口服或外用抗生素以免二次感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是環境缺氧（hypoxia）時，頸動脈體（carotid body）會興奮產生動作電位（action potential）的原因？", "options": {"A": "頸動脈體第二型細胞代謝率下降", "B": "頸動脈體第二型細胞之鈣離子通道（Ca2+ channel）被活化", "C": "頸動脈體第一型細胞之對 ATP 敏感性鉀離子通道（ATP-sensitive K+ channel）被活化", "D": "頸動脈體第一型細胞之對氧氣敏感性鉀離子通道（O2-sensitive K+ channel）被抑制"}, "answer": "頸動脈體第一型細胞之對氧氣敏感性鉀離子通道（O2-sensitive K+ channel）被抑制", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "44.骨盆腔或後腹腔（pelvic or retroperitoneal space）的淋巴結廓清術或取樣（lymph node dissection or  sampling），在婦女生殖道癌症的手術，通常都要常規（routine）執行。下列何種腫瘤在初期時，例如\n FIGO stage I and II，一般可省略淋巴結廓清術或取樣？ \n", "options": {"A": "子宮平滑肌肉瘤（uterine leiomyosarcoma）", "B": "子宮內膜基質癌（endometrial stromal cancer）", "C": "子宮癌肉瘤（uterine carcinosarcoma）", "D": "卵巢癌（ovarian cancer）"}, "answer": "子宮平滑肌肉瘤（uterine leiomyosarcoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 63 歲女性肝硬化病人因大量腹水住院治療，理學檢查發現有flapping tremor現象，腹水檢查發現多核性白血球＞250/mm3，下列何項治療最不適當？", "options": {"A": "口服 lactulose \t", "B": "利尿劑併 albumin 治療", "C": "靜脈注射 aminoglycoside", "D": "靜脈注射第二代 cephalosporin"}, "answer": "靜脈注射 aminoglycoside", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "今年 32 歲的李小姐因下腹痛接受腹腔鏡探查（diagnostic laparoscopy），術中發現有多發性子宮肌瘤（multiple uterine myomata），應進行子宮切除術。但主治醫師沒有在同一次麻醉中立即為李小姐切除子宮，醫師考量最主要的依據為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "延長手術時間風險增加", "B": "未在當日手術排程之中", "C": "沒有進行充分知情同意", "D": "影響醫療資源公平分配"}, "answer": "沒有進行充分知情同意", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "98 50 歲男性，患肺小細胞癌，肌無力，臨床診斷朗伯－伊頓肌無力症候群（Lambert-Eaton myasthenic  syndrome），下列敘述何者正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "此症候群只見於惡性腫瘤之病人", "B": "影響的肌肉主要為肢體遠端之肌肉", "C": "在神經肌肉連接處（neuromuscular junction）的神經胞突後膜（postsynaptic membrane），對於抗膽素脂酶（anticholinesterase）的反應正常", "D": "使用抗膽素脂酶製劑（anticholinesterase agent）能改善臨床症狀"}, "answer": "在神經肌肉連接處（neuromuscular junction）的神經胞突後膜（postsynaptic membrane），對於抗膽素脂酶（anticholinesterase）的反應正常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "最常見的成年人神經系統疾病是：", "options": {"A": "腦中風（Stroke） \t", "B": "帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）", "C": "阿滋海默氏病（Alzheimer's disease）", "D": "運動神經元疾病（Motor neuron disease）"}, "answer": "腦中風（Stroke） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者受損會導致手指無法內收（adduction）夾住紙片？", "options": {"A": "橈神經的深支（deep branch of radial nerve）", "B": "橈神經的淺支（superficial branch of radial nerve）", "C": "尺神經的深支（deep branch of ulnar nerve）", "D": "尺神經的淺支（superficial branch of ulnar nerve）"}, "answer": "尺神經的深支（deep branch of ulnar nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不控制附\t於舌骨（hyoid bone）的肌肉？", "options": {"A": "面神經（facial nerve）", "B": "舌咽神經（glossopharyngeal nerve）", "C": "舌下神經（hypoglossal nerve）", "D": "第五顱神經第三支"}, "answer": "舌咽神經（glossopharyngeal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "75 24 歲男性病人主訴左肩部長期疼痛。圖 A 為本次就診之 X 光攝影，圖 B 為三個月前之 X 光攝影。 最可能的診斷為： \n", "options": {"A": "Chronic injury of left supraspinatus tendon", "B": "Chronic anterior dislocation of left shoulder", "C": "Chronic posterior dislocation of left shoulder", "D": "Avascular necrosis of left humeral head"}, "answer": "Chronic anterior dislocation of left shoulder", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "大腸直腸癌適合作篩檢的理由不包含下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "都是 de novo cancer \t", "B": "發生頻率高且問題嚴重", "C": "生長緩慢 \t", "D": "有方便可行的篩檢法"}, "answer": "都是 de novo cancer \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者之功能與邊緣系統（limbic system）最不相關？", "options": {"A": "齒狀迴（dentate gyrus）", "B": "穹束（fornix）", "C": "乳頭體（mamillary body）", "D": "杏仁核（amygdala）"}, "answer": "杏仁核（amygdala）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列前列腺素和其相關衍生物中，何者不具有收縮血管的作用？", "options": {"A": "TXA2", "B": "PGI2", "C": "PGF2α", "D": "LTD4"}, "answer": "PGI2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "股深動脈（deep artery of thigh）發出的穿通動脈（perforating arteries）穿過下列何者，至大腿後面？", "options": {"A": "恥骨肌（pectineus） \t", "B": "股二頭肌（biceps femoris）", "C": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "D": "內收長肌（adductor longus）"}, "answer": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "粒線體遺傳和 X 染色體遺傳最明顯的差異是：", "options": {"A": "粒線體遺傳可以由男性或女性患者遺傳下去；X 染色體遺傳只能由女性患者遺傳下去", "B": "X 染色體遺傳可以由男性或女性患者遺傳下去；粒線體遺傳只能由女性患者遺傳下去", "C": "粒線體遺傳患者可以遺傳給男性或女性的小孩；X 染色體遺傳患者只能遺傳給男性的小孩", "D": "X 染色體遺傳患者可以遺傳給男性或女性的小孩；粒線體遺傳患者只能遺傳給男性的小孩"}, "answer": "X 染色體遺傳患者可以遺傳給男性或女性的小孩；粒線體遺傳患者只能遺傳給男性的小孩", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "25 孫女士 75 歲，兩天前發生左下肢腫痛。今晚因突發呼吸急促與心跳加快至急診室求治。身體檢查發現左下肢下端水腫，股內側有壓痛之硬條索狀物及表淺靜脈擴張，血壓 78/56 mmHg，呼吸 30/分，心跳 125/分，動脈血氣體分析 （FiO2=50%）：pH 7.48、PaCO2 41.7 mmHg、PaO2 83.9 mmHg、 HCO3- 30.7 mEq/L。下列何種處理最適當？①給予靜脈注射肝素 ②立即給予口服 warfarin ③安排胸部電腦斷層檢查 ④會診心臟外科醫師是不需要的 ", "options": {"A": "①①①", "B": "僅①①", "C": "①①", "D": "僅①"}, "answer": "僅①①", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，後續之檢查，下列何者為最優先考量？", "options": {"A": "耳道內視鏡 \t", "B": "鼻咽內視鏡", "C": "電腦斷層攝影 \t", "D": "聽性腦幹反應（auditory brain stem reflex）檢驗"}, "answer": "鼻咽內視鏡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "52 張先生是一位公務員，現年 60 歲，一年前右手姆指以及食指出現微微顫抖現象，在看電視時手指頭顫抖特別明顯；他也覺得寫字不如以前靈活、字越寫越小，漸漸的他也感覺走路時右手不太擺動，但是他仍然可以提起水桶到花園澆花，力量及感覺都正常。最近半年發現右腳也比較僵硬、臉部表 情較少，除此之外，身體沒有其他異狀，也沒有慢性疾病。下列臨床臆斷何者最有可能？ \n", "options": {"A": "半身肌張力不全（hemidystonia）", "B": "脊髓小腦退化症（spinocerebellar degeneration）", "C": "帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）", "D": "原發顫抖症（essential tremor）"}, "answer": "帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲男性，主訴疲倦及背痛，過去曾有狹心症及攝護腺腫大的病史，目前仍在繼續追蹤治療中。理學檢查顯示有貧血及腰椎處疼痛，血壓、脈搏正常。血液檢查結果如下：血紅素 7.4 mg/dL，血比容 22.5%，MCV 95.7 fl，白血球 7,880/μL 且分類正常，血小板 310,000/μL，白蛋白 3.6 gm/dL，球蛋白 1.5 gm/dL，肌酸酐（Cr）2.3 mg/dL，尿酸 8.9 mg/dL，鈣離子 2.97 mmol/L；尿液內蛋白 100 mg/dL，無紅血球、白血球；X 光顯示第一腰椎骨折。為得到正確的診斷，下一步該先做何種檢查？", "options": {"A": "urine protein immunoelectrophoresis", "B": "prostate-specific antigen", "C": "parathyroid hormone \t", "D": "renal biopsy"}, "answer": "urine protein immunoelectrophoresis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "半邊忽略現象（hemineglect）是最常出現於腦部何處之病變？", "options": {"A": "基底核（basal ganglion）", "B": "額葉（frontal lobe）", "C": "顳頂葉（temporoparietal lobe）", "D": "枕葉（occipital lobe）"}, "answer": "顳頂葉（temporoparietal lobe）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是高位頸髓（cervical cord）損傷急性期胸腔復健的重點？", "options": {"A": "通氣（ventilation） \t", "B": "氣道分泌物的清除", "C": "預防肺部膨脹不全（atelectasis）", "D": "胸廓活動性的改善"}, "answer": "胸廓活動性的改善", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲男性，因水腫住院，疑有腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome），serum albumin 為 2 g/dL，serum creatinine 為 1 mg/dL，24 小時尿量為 2100 mL，尿中之蛋白含量為 300 mg/dL，則他每日排出之尿蛋白總量為：", "options": {"A": "63 g", "B": "6.3 g", "C": "630 mg", "D": "63 mg"}, "answer": "6.3 g", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於膜邊型的心室中膈缺損（Perimembranous type ventricular septal defect），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此類缺損在心室中膈缺損各種分型中最常見，即使在東方人亦是如此", "B": "此類缺損不太可能會自行癒合，而且在各型的心室中膈缺損中，日後會造成主動脈瓣脫垂（Aortic cusp prolapse）的機率最高", "C": "此類缺損不屬於感染性心內膜炎（Infective endocarditis）之高風險族群", "D": "若因過多左向右分流而造成明顯的肺高壓，即使臨床症狀可用藥物控制，仍建議盡早接受手術修補"}, "answer": "此類缺損不太可能會自行癒合，而且在各型的心室中膈缺損中，日後會造成主動脈瓣脫垂（Aortic cusp prolapse）的機率最高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "正常皮膚老化之特徵，不包含下列何者？", "options": {"A": "蘭格罕氏細胞（Langerhans cells）逐年減少 \t", "B": "真皮乳頭層（papillary dermis）彈性纖維減少", "C": "真皮網狀層（reticular dermis）彈性纖維減少", "D": "真皮上皮接合處（dermal-epidermal junction）變平"}, "answer": "真皮網狀層（reticular dermis）彈性纖維減少", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關腦膜瘤（meningioma）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腦膜瘤是由硬腦膜（dura）生長來的", "B": "一般而言生長較緩慢", "C": "鄰近骨頭有增生（hyperostosis）的現象", "D": "矢狀竇旁（parasagittal）的位置最常見"}, "answer": "腦膜瘤是由硬腦膜（dura）生長來的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位病人發現其小便像濃茶，至醫院就醫時，醫師也在身體診察中確認其皮膚及鞏膜有泛黃現象，小便檢\t發現bilirubin（3+）。下列各項檢查或檢\t，何者最不具診斷效益？", "options": {"A": "腹部超音波檢查", "B": "抽血檢\tbilirubin（total）及bilirubin（direct），觀察二者之關聯", "C": "抽血檢\tamylase和lipase", "D": "抽血檢\talkaline phosphatase及γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（γ-GT）"}, "answer": "抽血檢\tamylase和lipase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 40 歲女性兩手時常感覺疼痛、腫脹。接觸到冷水時會特別容易疼痛，而且變得蒼白，持續約 20 分鐘後恢復，但接下來會有灼熱疼痛的感覺。每天都會有心口灼熱的感覺。血液中抗細胞核抗體（antinuclear antibody）、抗染色體中節抗體（anti-centromere antibody）呈陽性反應，其它抗 SS-A 抗體（anti-SSA antibody）、抗 SS-B 抗體（anti-SSB antibody）、抗史密斯抗體（anti-Sm antibody）、抗雙股去氧核醣核酸抗體（anti-double stranded DNA antibody）等則呈現陰性反應。下列何者為此病人罹患疾病典型的病理變化？", "options": {"A": "僅①②", "B": "僅①③", "C": "僅②③", "D": "①②③"}, "answer": "僅①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "發生在腦部那部位的癲癇較常出現攻擊性行為？", "options": {"A": "顳葉", "B": "頂葉", "C": "枕葉", "D": "基底核"}, "answer": "顳葉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "66 黃先生有氣喘病史，在這次感冒後出現胸悶及喘鳴聲，門診醫師給予口服的 aminophylline 後，症狀改善但抱怨有心悸的情形，於是醫師改給予口服β2 -agonist，這次病人抱怨手發抖無法寫字，下列的處置何者較為恰當？  ", "options": {"A": "改用吸入型的β2 -agonist 氣管擴張劑", "B": "給予 cromolyn sodium", "C": "給予靜脈注射 aminophylline", "D": "同時給予 aminophylline 及降低口服β2 -agonist 劑量"}, "answer": "改用吸入型的β2 -agonist 氣管擴張劑", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "92 下列有關主動脈剝離（aortic dissection）的敘述，何者最不適當？  ", "options": {"A": "Marfan syndrome 常有主動脈的中膜變性（medial degeneration） \t", "B": "大多數發生在 40 到 60 歲並先前罹患高血壓的病人", "C": "多數是沿著主動脈壁靠中到外層之間約管壁三分之一處發生", "D": "最常合併有先前形成的主動脈粥樣動脈硬化"}, "answer": "最常合併有先前形成的主動脈粥樣動脈硬化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "心臟傳導系統中，竇房結（SA node）與房室結（AV node）的血管供應配對，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "右冠狀動脈、左迴旋支", "B": "右冠狀動脈、右冠狀動脈", "C": "右冠狀動脈、左前降支", "D": "左迴旋支、左前降支"}, "answer": "右冠狀動脈、右冠狀動脈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "與第七胸椎橫突形成關節的是肋骨上的那一項構造？", "options": {"A": "肋骨頭關節面", "B": "肋骨頸", "C": "肋骨小節", "D": "肋骨體"}, "answer": "肋骨小節", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲女性患者，突然出現時間定向感缺失，胡言亂語，不認得家人，幻視，錯覺及混亂行為，這些症狀在夜間更加嚴重。該患者之診斷應首先考慮為：", "options": {"A": "失憶（amnesia）", "B": "譫妄（delirium）", "C": "失智症（dementia）", "D": "憂鬱症（depression）"}, "answer": "譫妄（delirium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "5歲男孩，有急性肢體無力麻痺（acute flaccid paralysis），最不可能的診斷或病因是：", "options": {"A": "Bell's palsy", "B": "acute transverse myelitis", "C": "polio-like syndrome", "D": "hypokalemia"}, "answer": "Bell's palsy", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關昏厥（syncope）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "昏厥是指暫時性意識喪失，且能自行恢復", "B": "電腦斷層檢查是最重要的診斷工具", "C": "自律神經性失調為昏厥之常見原因", "D": "心律不整亦是造成昏厥的原因之一"}, "answer": "電腦斷層檢查是最重要的診斷工具", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位國三的女生在月經過後，下腹脹痛 2 週之久，她曾有性經驗，經急診檢查發現有下腹部腫瘤，直徑約 12 公分，合併少量腹水，WBC 11,000/mm3、Hb 10.6 g/dL、urine hCG(-)，AFP 16,500 ng/mL，最應懷疑之疾病為何？", "options": {"A": "ectopic and abdominal pregnancy", "B": "mucinous cystadenoma with torsion", "C": "chocolate cyst with rupture", "D": "yolk sac tumor"}, "answer": "yolk sac tumor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關於先天性免疫缺損症的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "severe combined immunodeficiency患者的淋巴節、扁桃腺、Peyer's patch等淋巴組織，通常缺乏或者極度發育不良", "B": "severe combined immunodeficiency患者於出生時經常有淋巴球低下的情況發生，患者出生後幾個月就會感  染肺炎，中耳炎，甚至併發\t血症", "C": "chronic granulomatous disease和leukocyte adhesion deficiency 皆屬吞噬細胞的問題，DiGeorge syndrome屬T細胞免疫功能異常", "D": "補體缺損易有自體免疫疾病，其中alternative pathway deficiencies最常合併發生自體免疫疾病"}, "answer": "補體缺損易有自體免疫疾病，其中alternative pathway deficiencies最常合併發生自體免疫疾病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關鷹嘴突骨折的診治敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "最常由於直接撞擊引起，肘部無法主動性屈曲", "B": "經常會傷及關節面，且常常併發肘部僵直", "C": "骨折斷端常被肱二頭肌拉開 \t", "D": "最常使用石膏包紮方式治療"}, "answer": "經常會傷及關節面，且常常併發肘部僵直", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當膜內外氯離子濃度呈 1：10 之比例分布時，倘若容許氯離子通透，則下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "膜電位將逼近氯離子平衡電位", "B": "當膜電位未達氯離子平衡電位之前，氯離子流動方向為自胞內向胞外", "C": "當膜電位未達氯離子平衡電位之前，氯離子電流流動方向為自胞外向胞內", "D": "當膜電位達氯離子平衡電位時，氯離子電流流動方向為自胞內向胞外"}, "answer": "當膜電位達氯離子平衡電位時，氯離子電流流動方向為自胞內向胞外", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲女性病人，高血壓 20 年，控制良好。今日早晨因細故與鄰居吵架後，呼吸困難，劇喘。送至急診，血壓 210/120 mmHg，肺部兩側有明顯囉音（moist rale），痰為泡沫粉紅狀，病人需端坐呼吸。心電圖顯示左心室肥厚。下列那一種情況需優先考慮？", "options": {"A": "肺水腫（pulmonary edema）", "B": "肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism）", "C": "主動脈剝離（aortic dissection）", "D": "大葉性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）"}, "answer": "肺水腫（pulmonary edema）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者會增加自由基（free radical）之產生？", "options": {"A": "觸酶（catalase） \t", "B": "氧化酶（oxidase）", "C": "超氧岐化酶（superoxide dismutase）", "D": "麩胺基硫過氧化酶（glutathione peroxidase）"}, "answer": "氧化酶（oxidase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據美國脊髓損傷學會（ASIA）之定義，檢查第三腰髓（L3）所支配運動功能之關鍵肌肉（key muscle）為：", "options": {"A": "髂腰肌（iliopsoas） \t", "B": "股四頭肌（quadriceps）", "C": "脛骨前肌（tibialis anterior）", "D": "腓腸肌（gastrocnemius）"}, "answer": "股四頭肌（quadriceps）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "腦性麻痺（cerebral palsy）患者的骨關節併發症中，何種類群的腦性麻痺患者最容易產生髖關節脫位（hip joint displacement）？", "options": {"A": "半邊癱瘓型（hemiplegic）腦性麻痺患者", "B": "四肢癱瘓型（quadriplegic）腦性麻痺患者", "C": "運動困難型（dyskinetic）腦性麻痺患者", "D": "雙邊癱瘓型（diplegic）腦性麻痺患者"}, "answer": "四肢癱瘓型（quadriplegic）腦性麻痺患者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於電擊傷（electrical burns），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "電流在進入身體後，會走在身體組織中電阻最低的部分，通常是皮膚", "B": "神經是一個電阻相對高的器官，通常較少受到影響", "C": "肌肉受傷後，會釋放出肌蛋白（myoglobulin），會因此造成急性腎損傷（acute kidney injury）", "D": "高壓電電傷，因電壓大，因此較少穿透到深部組織，較少造成深部組織傷害，與家庭用電器產生之電傷相比，較容易誘發心律不整"}, "answer": "肌肉受傷後，會釋放出肌蛋白（myoglobulin），會因此造成急性腎損傷（acute kidney injury）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6歲男童在2週以前有感冒症狀，最近2～3天發生腹絞痛和膝關節疼痛，隔日解黑便且下肢和臀部出現鼓起的出血點，尿液檢查顯示紅血球10～15/HPF，最有可能診斷是下列何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "特發性血小板減少紫斑症（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura）", "B": "急性白血病（acute leukemia）", "C": "急性腎絲球腎炎（acute glomerulonephritis）", "D": "過敏性紫斑症（Henoch-Schönlein purpura）"}, "answer": "過敏性紫斑症（Henoch-Schönlein purpura）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關產氣單胞桿菌（Aeromonas）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "細胞形態似腸內菌", "B": "屬兼性厭氧菌", "C": "青黴素Penicillin最具療效 \t", "D": "廣存於淡水及鹹水中"}, "answer": "青黴素Penicillin最具療效 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有氧運動的訓練（aerobic exercise training）後，於次強度運動（submaximal exercise）時之生理變化，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "心輸出量（cardiac output）增加", "B": "心跳率（heart rate）降低", "C": "動靜脈血氧差（arteriovenous O2 difference）上升", "D": "收縮壓（systolic blood pressure）下降"}, "answer": "心輸出量（cardiac output）增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種抗憂鬱劑，其抑制血清素第二受體（serotonin 5HT2 receptor）之作用最強？", "options": {"A": "Bupropion", "B": "Venlafaxine", "C": "Fluoxetine", "D": "Trazodone"}, "answer": "Trazodone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "呼吸道處置上潛在性的困難，下列何者的關係性最為薄弱？", "options": {"A": "舌前緣的病灶（lesions at the anterior margin of the tongue）", "B": "新近發生的聲音沙啞（recent onset of hoarseness）", "C": "上呼吸道阻塞（upper airway obstruction）", "D": "睡眠呼吸中止症候（obstructive sleep apnea, OSA）"}, "answer": "舌前緣的病灶（lesions at the anterior margin of the tongue）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關下咽癌的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "主要的致病原因是人類乳突瘤病毒感染", "B": "最常發生的次部位是下咽後壁（posterior pharyngeal wall）", "C": "檢查時需注意是否有第二原發食道癌", "D": "因症狀明顯，發現時大多數為早期（stage I, II）"}, "answer": "檢查時需注意是否有第二原發食道癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於腎小管對於腎絲球濾過液中的葡萄糖再吸收之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "正常狀況下，腎絲球濾過液中的葡萄糖的再吸收發生於近端小管與遠端小管", "B": "屬於一種次級主動運輸（secondary active transport）", "C": "當血糖超過300 mg/dL以上時，有可能在尿液中測到葡萄糖", "D": "一旦腎絲球的葡萄糖濾過率超過腎小管對於葡萄糖的最大運輸（transport maximum of glucose），即可能在尿液中測得葡萄糖"}, "answer": "正常狀況下，腎絲球濾過液中的葡萄糖的再吸收發生於近端小管與遠端小管", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "21.15歲男生為田徑隊員，在訓練3小時後，發生雙側大腿疼痛，尿液變成紅色而至急診求診。尿液檢查發現，潛血反應（occult blood）：3+， urobilinogen: 3+， RBC：1-2/HPF，WBC：0～2/HPF。抽血檢查發現， AST/ALT= 120/130 U/L，K=5.0 mM，LDH=400 mg/dL， CK=143,840 U/L。下列何者為最可能的診斷？ \n", "options": {"A": "急性肝炎（acute hepatitis)", "B": "急性腎絲球腎炎（acute glomerulonephritis）", "C": "橫紋肌溶解症（rhabdomyolysis）", "D": "急性溶血（acute hemolysis）"}, "answer": "橫紋肌溶解症（rhabdomyolysis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "臨床上中央靜脈導管常使用於輸液注射與藥物給與，但必須預防併發導管相關的血流感染。此病原菌感染最常見的來源是：", "options": {"A": "經由皮膚置入導管部位的污染", "B": "製備注射藥物的污染", "C": "由其他部位菌血症引起的細菌植入", "D": "製造輸液過程中的污染"}, "answer": "經由皮膚置入導管部位的污染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者為最常見之遺傳性運動感覺神經病變（inherited motor-sensory neuropathies）？", "options": {"A": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A（CMT1A）", "B": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2A（CMT2A）", "C": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth X（CMTX）", "D": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2D（CMT2D）"}, "answer": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A（CMT1A）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "17歲女性病人由母親陪同就醫，母親發現病人最近半年瘦了10公斤，病人自覺容易口渴且排尿較為頻繁。理學檢查發現病人消瘦，血壓100/70 mmHg，其餘無特殊異常。如果只能安排一項檢查來診斷，下列何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白與尿糖", "B": "指尖血糖測定", "C": "血清電解質", "D": "全血球計數（complete blood count）"}, "answer": "指尖血糖測定", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列各藥物與其作用機轉的配對，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Rituximab: anti-CD20 antibody", "B": "Imatinib: tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "C": "Antithymocyte globulin: immunosuppressant", "D": "Thalidomide: proteosome inhibitor"}, "answer": "Thalidomide: proteosome inhibitor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，病人住院後，以下的處理何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "給予利尿劑 \t \t", "B": "給予毛地黃", "C": "給予α交感神經阻斷劑（alpha-adrenergic blocker） \t", "D": "給予長效型硝化甘油"}, "answer": "給予α交感神經阻斷劑（alpha-adrenergic blocker） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在食道癌的TNM分期中，其T的分期最準確的檢查為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "電腦斷層檢查（computed tomography）", "B": "內視鏡超音波檢查（endoscopic ultrasound）", "C": "核磁共振影像檢查（magnetic resonance imaging）", "D": "正子攝影檢查（positron emission tomography）"}, "answer": "內視鏡超音波檢查（endoscopic ultrasound）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一名 45 歲被診斷為精神分裂症男性患者，因服藥不規則，致使病症復發，並拿刀威脅家人，而被送至醫院急診室。下列何種處置較不恰當？", "options": {"A": "尋找保全人員協助危機處理", "B": "責問患者為何拿刀威脅家人", "C": "給予肢體約束安置於保護室", "D": "給予抗精神病藥物肌肉注射"}, "answer": "責問患者為何拿刀威脅家人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一歲半男孩因家長發現他的角膜較大而就診。經麻醉後，角膜測量的直徑長達 14 毫米，眼壓 26 毫米汞柱，且 cup-disc ratio 約 0.8，他最可能患有什麼疾病？", "options": {"A": "圓錐角膜（keratoconus） \t", "B": "巨型角膜（megalocornea）", "C": "先天性青光眼（primary congenital glaucoma） \t", "D": "原發性隅角閉鎖型青光眼（primary angle-closure glaucoma）"}, "answer": "先天性青光眼（primary congenital glaucoma） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "類固醇荷爾蒙必須由專一性運送蛋白質（carrier protein）運送，是因為荷爾蒙具有下列何種特性？", "options": {"A": "在血液中化學結構不安定", "B": "因為是親油性（hydrophobic）物質，在血液中不易溶解", "C": "利用專一性運送蛋白送到特定的目標細胞", "D": "需要專一性運送蛋白來穿越細胞膜"}, "answer": "因為是親油性（hydrophobic）物質，在血液中不易溶解", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於女童性早熟（Precocious puberty），下列那⼀項的致病機轉與其他最不相同？", "options": {"A": "環境荷爾蒙接觸（Exogenous estrogens）", "B": "先天性腎上腺增⽣（Congenital adrenal hyperplasia）", "C": "早期McCune-Albright⽒症候群（McCune-Albright syndrome, early）", "D": "下視\t錯構瘤（Hypothalamic hamartoma）"}, "answer": "下視\t錯構瘤（Hypothalamic hamartoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者與膀胱癌細胞分化（grade）無密切關聯？", "options": {"A": "腫瘤侵犯之頻率", "B": "腫瘤大小", "C": "腫瘤復發之頻率", "D": "腫瘤轉移之機會"}, "answer": "腫瘤大小", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位22歲女性病人因為6小時前吞食數量不明之acetaminophen藥片，被家人帶至急診處。病人有嘔吐現象，但生命跡象穩定，神智清楚。血液檢查呈現高之acetaminophen濃度： 380 µg/mL，但是肝腎功能均正常。下列有關此病人之臨床狀況之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "正常肝功能表示acetaminophen不會對此病人造成肝傷害", "B": "應考慮立即使用N-acetylcysteine治療", "C": "病人宜住院觀察2～5天", "D": "長期飲酒史是acetaminophen肝傷害之危險因子"}, "answer": "正常肝功能表示acetaminophen不會對此病人造成肝傷害", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關描述變項的性質，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "標準誤（standard error）適合描述常態連續資料的分散情況", "B": "幾何平均值（geometric mean）適合描述類別資料的集中趨勢", "C": "標準差（standard deviation）適合描述類別資料的集中趨勢", "D": "第50百分位數（the 50th percentile）適合描述連續資料的集中趨勢"}, "answer": "第50百分位數（the 50th percentile）適合描述連續資料的集中趨勢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 64 歲女性接受屍腎移植後，移植腎功能恢復良好（BUN / Cre：24 mg/dL / 1.5 mg/dL），但術後第 5 天突然出現無尿現象，緊急超音波檢查顯示有水腎（hydronephrosis）現象，電腦斷層掃描發現上段輸尿管有一結石，接下來該如何處理較恰當？", "options": {"A": "retrograde ureteroscopy", "B": "percutaneous nephrostomy with or without extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy", "C": "ureterolithotomy", "D": "reoperation（ureteroneocystostomy）"}, "answer": "percutaneous nephrostomy with or without extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "成人中樞神經系統中，下列何者最常形成原發型腫瘤？", "options": {"A": "神經母細胞（neuroblasts）", "B": "淋巴細胞（lymphocytes）", "C": "纖維性星狀膠細胞（fibrous astrocytes）", "D": "寡突神經膠質細胞（oligodendrocytes）"}, "answer": "纖維性星狀膠細胞（fibrous astrocytes）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關馬凡氏症候群（Marfan syndrome）的描述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為體染色體顯性遺傳 \t \t", "B": "由於突變之數量太多，基因檢測目前應用上還未成熟", "C": "身高與手距（arm span）的比率大於 1.05", "D": "易發生二尖瓣脫垂（mitral valve prolapse）"}, "answer": "身高與手距（arm span）的比率大於 1.05", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 4 天大男嬰，出生後即被發現有嚴重發紺（cyanosis）及心雜音。其胸部 X 光檢查如圖所示。其周邊血液抹片檢查，發現有許多 Howell-Jolly body。下列何者為最可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "矯正型大血管轉位（corrected transposition of the great arteries）合併心室中隔缺損（ventricular septal defect）", "B": "單純型總肺靜脈回流異常合併阻塞（total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction）", "C": "左心室形成不良症候群（hypoplastic left heart syndrome）", "D": "兩側右心房症（right atrial isomerism）"}, "answer": "兩側右心房症（right atrial isomerism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "71 NPC 患者經過放射線治療六個月後，追蹤的 CT 如圖顯示 NPC 已消失，但意外發現雙側  parotid glands 及 submandibular glands 有不正常超強的顯影劑 enhancement，這是： \n", "options": {"A": "可能因 NPC invasion", "B": "可能是 metastatic lymphadenopathies", "C": "Infectious sialadenitis", "D": "Radiation sialadenitis"}, "answer": "Radiation sialadenitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "卡方（Chi-square）檢定一般是用來比較：", "options": {"A": "兩組之平均值 \t", "B": "不同實驗結果之量化數值", "C": "觀察值與期待值之差異", "D": "多組百分比"}, "answer": "觀察值與期待值之差異", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "9個月大的男嬰，上週健康檢查時體重10公斤。過去一週他持續有腹瀉的現象。今天尿布只換了2次，晚上父母送來急診就診。身體檢查發現男嬰體重9.2公斤，男嬰眼窩下凹，哭鬧不安，但是很少眼淚。男嬰血壓82/46 mmHg，心跳每分鐘170下，呼吸每分鐘21下。男嬰的脫水程度為：", "options": {"A": "男嬰有輕度脫水現象", "B": "男嬰有中度脫水現象", "C": "男嬰有重度脫水現象", "D": "男嬰有休克現象"}, "answer": "男嬰有中度脫水現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "85.5歲女童兩周來出現面色蒼白、精神不佳。血液中出現terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase （TdT）、CD10、CD19染色陽性的原始細胞（blast cells）。染色體檢查發現腫瘤細胞有t\n", "options": {"A": "T細胞慢性淋巴母細胞白血病（T-cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia）", "B": "T細胞急性淋巴母細胞白血病（T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia）", "C": "B細胞急性淋巴母細胞白血病（B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia）", "D": "B細胞慢性淋巴母細胞白血病（B-cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia）"}, "answer": "B細胞急性淋巴母細胞白血病（B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於腦性麻痺病患的影像學檢查敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "電腦斷層掃描對腦性麻痺病患的腦部異常診斷極其重要", "B": "磁振掃描並不適用於生命徵兆不穩定的病患", "C": "磁振掃描對腦性麻痺的診斷極其重要", "D": "影像學檢查不一定能偵測到病灶"}, "answer": "電腦斷層掃描對腦性麻痺病患的腦部異常診斷極其重要", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在心臟後方，位於肺靜脈（pulmonary vein）及上腔靜脈（superior vena cava）基部的是：", "options": {"A": "心包膜橫竇（transverse pericardial sinus）", "B": "心包膜斜竇（oblique pericardial sinus）", "C": "冠狀竇（coronary sinus）", "D": "心包膜腔橫膈面（diaphragmic surface of pericardial cavity）"}, "answer": "心包膜斜竇（oblique pericardial sinus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 46 歲經期規則婦女，未曾生育，發現左側乳房有一腫塊約兩個月，至門診就診。乳房檢查外觀對稱，皮膚無凹陷。觸診發現左側乳房 2 點鐘方向有一腫瘤，外緣不規則，但是可以移動，約 3 公分大小。超音波檢查顯示低回音病灶（hypoechoic lesion），乳房 X 光攝影（mammography）也顯示左乳房腫瘤併微小鈣化（microcalcifications），兩者檢查結果報告均為 BI-RADS（Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System）Category: 4。則下列何者為對病患最適宜的建議？", "options": {"A": "高度懷疑為惡性腫瘤可直接安排乳房切除手術（mastectomy）", "B": "可安排門診 6 個月後再追蹤", "C": "可追蹤 3 個月再安排超音波及乳房 X 光攝影檢查", "D": "安排門診粗針穿刺切片檢查（core needle biopsy）"}, "answer": "安排門診粗針穿刺切片檢查（core needle biopsy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "5.一位70歲女性患有糖尿病外，無其它病史，半夜突然胸痛、冒\t、想吐，送至急診時血壓137/79 mmHg，脈搏", "options": {"A": "左主幹", "B": "左前降支", "C": "左迴旋支", "D": "右冠狀動脈"}, "answer": "左前降支", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關神經性厭食症（anorexia nervosa）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病患拒絕維持該年齡和身高應有的最低正常體重，導致病患常骨瘦如柴", "B": "即使體重已經過輕，但病患仍強烈害怕體重增加或變肥胖", "C": "對自己的體重、大小、身材之想法有障礙，例如病患在其瘦弱的情形下，仍堅信自己肥胖", "D": "厭食症可能會造成停經或荷爾蒙失調，但停經與否並不是 DSM-IV-TR 厭食症的診斷要件之一"}, "answer": "厭食症可能會造成停經或荷爾蒙失調，但停經與否並不是 DSM-IV-TR 厭食症的診斷要件之一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Tm 值是描述雙股 DNA 有一半的鏈結被打開而成單股時的溫度，下列的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Tm 值和 DNA 中的 GC 含量有關", "B": "Tm 值和溶液中離子的濃度有關", "C": "Tm 值和溶液中的 pH 值無關", "D": "Tm 值和 DNA 的長度有關"}, "answer": "Tm 值和 DNA 中的 GC 含量有關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下圖中兒童走路呈現出異常步態，其最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "小兒麻痺症 \t", "B": "脊髓肌肉萎縮症 \t", "C": "髖關節脫位 \t", "D": "痙攣型腦性麻痺"}, "answer": "痙攣型腦性麻痺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "50 歲女性有第 2 型糖尿病近 20 年，因左足下垂無力，無法做足背上翻（dorsiflexion）且左足背感覺消失來診。病人最近眼底檢查有背景視網膜病變但尿液檢查無微白蛋白尿（microalbuminuria），身體診查有第一度甲狀腺腫，神經學檢查除上述變化外，無其他異常。下一步要做什麼檢查最恰當？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺功能檢查", "B": "神經傳導檢查", "C": "腰椎核磁共振", "D": "類風濕因子"}, "answer": "神經傳導檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "威爾森氏病（Wilson's disease）最典型的臨床症狀是銅沈積在眼角膜上，此現象稱為：", "options": {"A": "Kayser-Fleischer ring", "B": "Café au lait spots", "C": "Cherry red spots \t", "D": "Lisch nodules"}, "answer": "Kayser-Fleischer ring", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下圖所示是病人在紙上畫出的房子、花和時鐘，此病人有何種問題？", "options": {"A": "左側偏盲（left hemianopsia）", "B": "左側忽略（left hemineglect）", "C": "左側失用症（left side apraxia）", "D": "左眼眼盲（left eye blindness）"}, "answer": "左側忽略（left hemineglect）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在檸檬酸循環（citric acid cycle）中，下列那個反應可生成 GTP？", "options": {"A": "異檸檬酸→α酮戊二酸（isocitrate→α-ketoglutarate） \t", "B": "琥珀醯輔 A→琥珀酸（succinyl-CoA→succinate）", "C": "琥珀酸→延胡索酸（succinate→fumarate）", "D": "延胡索酸→蘋果酸（fumarate→malate）"}, "answer": "琥珀醯輔 A→琥珀酸（succinyl-CoA→succinate）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列寄生蟲與其在人體導致的症狀或疾病之配對中，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "犬複殖器絛蟲（Dipylidium caninum）----肛門搔癢（pruritus）", "B": "埃及血吸蟲（Schistosoma haematobium）----血尿（hematuria）", "C": "牛肉絛蟲（Taenia saginata）----囊蟲症（cysticercosis）", "D": "牛羊肝吸蟲（Fasciola hepatica）----異位寄生（ectopic parasitism）"}, "answer": "牛肉絛蟲（Taenia saginata）----囊蟲症（cysticercosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性病患，最近 5 年都有接受健康檢查。在肝炎篩檢方面第一次為 B 型肝炎表面抗原陽性反應，表面抗體陰性反應，核心抗體陽性反應，C 型肝炎抗體陽性反應，最近一次篩檢結果相同，且肝功能及肝臟超音波檢查正常。最可能之診斷為以下何者？", "options": {"A": "B 型肝炎帶原者，C 型肝炎有抵抗力", "B": "C 型肝炎帶原者，B 型肝炎有抵抗力", "C": "B 型及 C 型肝炎帶原者", "D": "B 型及 C 型肝炎均有抵抗力"}, "answer": "B 型及 C 型肝炎帶原者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "36歲G2P1孕婦，接受規律產前檢查，並無妊娠相關合併症，主訴已超過預產期2天，自覺胎動頻次稍為減少至門診求診。安排胎心搏監測呈現良好反應（reactive），無規律性子宮收縮；超音波檢查最大羊水池垂直深度（maximum vertical pocket depth） 3.6 cm，預估胎兒體重3,600公克，陰道內診子宮頸未開，破水測試呈現陰性反應。此時的最適當處置為：", "options": {"A": "安排產前檢查門診追蹤觀察", "B": "安排住院引產", "C": "安排剖腹生產", "D": "給予抗生素治療"}, "answer": "安排產前檢查門診追蹤觀察", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於真核生物基因表現的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "mRNA的表現主要是由RNA polymerase II負責", "B": "mRNA的3'端會進行磷酸化（phosphorylation）以穩定其結構", "C": "DNA上之CpG island的甲基化可造成基因無法表現", "D": "histones上的乙醯化程度可影響基因的表現"}, "answer": "mRNA的3'端會進行磷酸化（phosphorylation）以穩定其結構", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於半邊忽略現象（hemispatial neglect）之常見評估方法，下列何者最不常使用？", "options": {"A": "線二等分測\t（line bisection test）", "B": "仿畫測試（copy test）", "C": "方向測試（direction test）", "D": "刪除測\t（cancellation test）"}, "answer": "方向測試（direction test）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關多巴胺受體作⽤劑（dopamine receptor agonist）bromocriptine的作⽤敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在臨床上可以⽤來治療⾼泌乳素⾎症（hyperprolactinemia），主要係透過減少泌乳素的分泌作⽤", "B": "在臨床上可以使⽤於巴⾦森⽒症（Parkinson's disease）的病⼈，改善其運動功能的障礙", "C": "可以有效改善肢端肥⼤症（acromegaly）病⼈的臨床症狀，主要係透過增加體制素（somatostatin）的分泌作⽤", "D": "可以有效改善婦女產後乳房腫脹及泌乳過量的情形"}, "answer": "可以有效改善肢端肥⼤症（acromegaly）病⼈的臨床症狀，主要係透過增加體制素（somatostatin）的分泌作⽤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "與聽覺傳遞有關的神經節是：", "options": {"A": "耳神經節（otic ganglion）", "B": "前庭神經節（vestibular ganglion）", "C": "螺旋神經節（spiral ganglion）", "D": "翼腭神經節（pterygopalatine ganglion）"}, "answer": "螺旋神經節（spiral ganglion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "手術部位感染（surgical site infection）與手術時傷口分級息息相關。當病患無其他內科史或合併症，且手術傷口屬於第四級，其手術傷口應如何處置才正確？", "options": {"A": "直接縫合", "B": "大量食鹽水清洗傷口後，直接縫合", "C": "給與局部抗生素後，直接縫合", "D": "採延遲縫合或二度縫合（delayed closure or secondary intention closure）"}, "answer": "採延遲縫合或二度縫合（delayed closure or secondary intention closure）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "精神分裂症患者較多出生於那一個季節？", "options": {"A": "冬天及早春", "B": "春天及初夏", "C": "夏天及初秋", "D": "秋天及初冬"}, "answer": "冬天及早春", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "CNS 出血發生率約為 1-2%", "B": "常可摸到脾臟腫大", "C": "bleeding time 延長，clotting time 正常", "D": "合併有 autoimmune hemolytic anemia 時稱為 Evan's syndrome"}, "answer": "常可摸到脾臟腫大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關叢發性頭痛（cluster headache）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "每次頭痛時間通常不會連續超過 3 小時", "B": "頭痛通常不會合併噁心、嘔吐的症狀", "C": "頭痛時常合併有臉色蒼白", "D": "頭痛通常發生在枕部（occipital）兩側"}, "answer": "每次頭痛時間通常不會連續超過 3 小時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "病人患高血壓多年，未接受良好的控制，住院時主訴疲倦、胸悶、氣促，自己洗澡時也會感覺喘氣，則他的 Functional class 屬於第幾級？", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "2", "C": "3", "D": "4"}, "answer": "3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為 1997 年美國風濕病學院所訂定全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）的診斷基準之一？", "options": {"A": "多發性關節痛（polyarthralgia）", "B": "不明原因的 mononeuritis multiplex", "C": "尿液分析發現有 cellular casts 的存在", "D": "慢性皮膚潰瘍"}, "answer": "尿液分析發現有 cellular casts 的存在", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "39 歲女性，G1P0，妊娠 42 週，無產兆，入院催生，催生前應以下列何種分數評估子宮頸成熟度？", "options": {"A": "阿帕格氏計分法（Apgar score）", "B": "比秀氏計分法（Bishop score）", "C": "杜波威茲氏計分法（Dubowitz score）", "D": "生物生理計分法（biophysical profile score）"}, "answer": "比秀氏計分法（Bishop score）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承接上題，關於該病變的成因與治療，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "病毒引起，塗抹 Imiquimod 有效", "B": "UVB 引起，塗抹 Imiquimod 有效", "C": "砷引起，液態氮可治癒", "D": "老化造成的良性病變，不需治療"}, "answer": "UVB 引起，塗抹 Imiquimod 有效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 58 歲男性，每日抽一包菸長達二十年，入院前兩週開始有咳嗽及痰中發現有血絲的情況。經門診胸部 X 光檢查發現右上肺葉有一直徑 3.5 公分腫瘤。入院後安排經胸部電腦斷層切片檢查，證實為右上肺腺癌。胸部電腦斷層檢查發現氣管旁及氣管岐部下淋巴結腫大，懷疑淋巴結轉移。請問下列何者為最適當處理方式？", "options": {"A": "實施開胸手術做右上肺葉切除及淋巴結廓清手術治療", "B": "經胸腔鏡切除右上肺葉及淋巴結廓清手術治療", "C": "直接放射及化學治療", "D": "氣管岐部下淋巴結切片證實為轉移惡性腫瘤後，先施予術前化學及放射治療"}, "answer": "氣管岐部下淋巴結切片證實為轉移惡性腫瘤後，先施予術前化學及放射治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "14.下列關於心臟瓣膜置換手術中，置換瓣膜（prosthetic valve）的選擇，何者正確？①計畫生育之年輕女性患者可選擇機械型瓣膜（mechanical prosthesis） ②年齡大於70歲患者可選擇生物組織型瓣膜（bioprosthesis）  ③血友病患者可選擇機械型瓣膜 ④尿毒症患者且須長期血液透析，可選擇組織型瓣膜 \n", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "僅①③", "C": "②④", "D": "僅④"}, "answer": "②④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位因中風（stroke）而導致左側腦視神經束（optic tract）受損的患者，下列何者為該患者最可能的視覺障礙？", "options": {"A": "無法感知來自右眼的內外側視網膜（retina）上的影像", "B": "無法感知來自左眼的內外側視網膜（retina）上的影像", "C": "右眼的外側及左眼的內側視野(visual field)偏盲", "D": "兩眼的外側視野(visual field)偏盲"}, "answer": "右眼的外側及左眼的內側視野(visual field)偏盲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "引起頸椎受傷後單側關節卡住（unilateral facet lock）的主要機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "壓迫（compression）", "B": "伸展（extension）", "C": "伸展加旋轉（extension and rotation）", "D": "彎曲加旋轉（flexion and rotation）"}, "answer": "彎曲加旋轉（flexion and rotation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在骨骼肌內，下列何種作用不需要 ATP？", "options": {"A": "鈣離子進入肌漿網 \t", "B": "肌動蛋白從肌凝蛋白上分離 \t", "C": "肌漿網釋放出鈣離子 \t", "D": "肌凝蛋白產生滑動作用"}, "answer": "肌漿網釋放出鈣離子 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "66 歲的王先生，過去無重大內科疾病史。國小畢業，務農，育有二男二女。一年前被診斷為肺癌合併多處轉移，曾接受化學治療及放射線治療，但療效不佳。因身體不適（疼痛、喘、便祕），由家屬帶來求診。你是他的家庭醫師，則下列敘述何者為非？", "options": {"A": "經評估後，其疼痛已持續多時，應定時給予止痛藥", "B": "可給予按摩、芳香療法等方式幫助病人緩解疼痛", "C": "因鴉片類止痛藥會造成便祕，而王先生已有便祕情形，故縱使病人已重度疼痛也不應給予鴉片類止痛藥", "D": "應遵循世界衛生組織（WHO）的三階段止痛原則來給藥"}, "answer": "因鴉片類止痛藥會造成便祕，而王先生已有便祕情形，故縱使病人已重度疼痛也不應給予鴉片類止痛藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關病毒抑制或逃脫寄主免疫的反應敘述，那一項不正確？", "options": {"A": "單純疱疹病毒（Herpes simplex virus）可抑制 class I MHC 的抗原呈現功能", "B": "流感病毒（Influenza virus）藉著抗原漂移（drift）和轉移（shift），改變表面抗原", "C": "C 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus, HCV）可抑制干擾素的抗病毒作用", "D": "巨細胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus）可表現與介白質（interleukin）-10 相似的分子"}, "answer": "巨細胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus）可表現與介白質（interleukin）-10 相似的分子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關感覺之神經學檢查，下列那一項描述最正確？", "options": {"A": "以針刺（pinprick）檢查痛感（pain），所檢查的神經纖維為大神經", "B": "以棉花縷（cotton wisp）檢查觸感（touch），所檢查的神經纖維為大神經及小神經", "C": "以音叉（tuning fork）檢查震動感覺（vibration），所檢查的神經纖維為小神經", "D": "以特定關節之被動移動（passive movement of specific joints）檢查關節位置（joint position），所檢查的神經纖維為小神經"}, "answer": "以棉花縷（cotton wisp）檢查觸感（touch），所檢查的神經纖維為大神經及小神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "100 一位 4 歲小孩因為反覆的細菌性感染就醫。周邊血液的白血球分析顯示其白血球缺乏 myeloperoxidase。 下列何者最可以解釋這名小孩容易受到感染的原因？ \n", "options": {"A": "白血球黏附（adhesion）的缺陷", "B": "無法產生 HOCl－", "C": "無法產生 H2O2 \t", "D": "嗜中性白血球去顆粒作用（degranulation）的缺陷"}, "answer": "無法產生 HOCl－", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位正常出生的四歲男孩，最近四肢有痙攣性麻痺、智能不足、咬食自己的下唇及手指頭等狀況。血液和尿液中的尿酸均過高，也有尿道結石。經酵素檢測證實是 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome。此症候群的患者會缺乏下列何種酵素？", "options": {"A": "5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase", "B": "adenine phosphoribosyltransferase", "C": "inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase", "D": "hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase"}, "answer": "hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種青春期特發性脊椎側彎（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis），最適合用背架治療？", "options": {"A": "小於 20 度 \t", "B": "20 至 29 度的側彎，但沒有進行性的惡化", "C": "30 至 40 度的側彎 \t", "D": "大於 40 度的側彎"}, "answer": "30 至 40 度的側彎 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "4.一位70公斤且多重外傷之病人於急診之總輸血量超過2500毫升，雖經過緊急手術止血，受傷後第一天之總輸血量仍超過", "options": {"A": "稀釋性血小板缺乏（dilution thrombocytopenia）", "B": "酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）", "C": "高血鉀症（hyperkalemia）", "D": "溶血性反應（hemolytic reaction）"}, "answer": "溶血性反應（hemolytic reaction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "20.16歲男學生身體診察顯示\t側睪丸均為2～3毫升，性釋素\t激試\t顯示睪固酮（Testosterone）＜1.0  ng/mL，\t泡促素（FSH）之最高值為89.7 IU/L，黃體促素（LH）之最高值為68.6 IU/L。下列何者最符合病人診斷？ \n", "options": {"A": "柯林菲特氏症（Klinefelter syndrome）", "B": "卡門氏症（Kallmann syndrome）", "C": "普瑞德威利氏症（Prader-Willi syndrome）", "D": "先天性腦垂體低能症（Congenital hypopituitarism）"}, "answer": "柯林菲特氏症（Klinefelter syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物需要併用pyridoxine來預防神經發炎的副作用？", "options": {"A": "daptomycin", "B": "meropenem", "C": "isoniazid", "D": "teicoplanin"}, "answer": "isoniazid", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "12\n 下列何者內含卵巢動脈？\n", "options": {"A": "懸韌帶", "B": "樞紐韌帶", "C": "卵巢圓韌帶", "D": "薦結節韌帶"}, "answer": "懸韌帶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在下列何種情況下，心房中隔缺損的病人接受完全矯正手術是不適當的（contraindicated）？", "options": {"A": "肺動脈血流量和體動脈血流量比超過 3（QP/QS>3）", "B": "合併心室中隔缺損", "C": "年紀超過 30 歲以上", "D": "肺動脈血管阻力大於 8 Wood units/m2"}, "answer": "肺動脈血管阻力大於 8 Wood units/m2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在抗利尿激素發揮作用的狀況之下，下列那一段的腎小管腔內液體會達到最低的osmolarity？", "options": {"A": "鮑氏囊（Bowman's capsule）", "B": "近端腎小管的末端（end of the proximal tubule）", "C": "亨利氏環上升段粗枝的末端（distal end of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle）", "D": "皮質集尿管的末端（end of the cortical collecting duct）"}, "answer": "亨利氏環上升段粗枝的末端（distal end of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Li-Fraumeni症候群之特性為平均發病年齡比正常族群低，且可同時發生一種以上的癌症。它與下列何種基因的變異關係最高？", "options": {"A": "RB", "B": "TP53", "C": "WT-1", "D": "BRCA-1及BRCA-2"}, "answer": "TP53", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "50.激素（hormones）的激發生理功能，必須先作用於受體（receptor）上，關於激素與受體之敘述，下列何者錯 誤？\n", "options": {"A": "類固醇激素（steroid hormones）的受體存在於細胞核中", "B": "蛋白質性激素（peptide hormones）的受體存在於細胞膜上", "C": "人類絨毛膜性腺刺激素（hCG）的受體存在於細胞核中", "D": "甲狀腺激素（thyroid hormone）的受體存在於細胞核中"}, "answer": "人類絨毛膜性腺刺激素（hCG）的受體存在於細胞核中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關一氧化碳中毒時的血中HbCO濃度與症狀的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "在 10%時有頭痛的症狀", "B": "在 20%時有嘔吐的症狀", "C": "在 30%時會導致昏迷", "D": "在 40%時會立即死亡"}, "answer": "在 20%時有嘔吐的症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位70歲女性病人，因糖尿病控制不好，住院治療中，她過去10年內曾接受子宮肌瘤切除手術及雙側慢性鼻竇炎之內視鏡手術，2天前突感右鼻孔腫脹，鼻塞，右眼視力模糊，眼後脹痛及眼球移動會痛，體溫38.5℃，無牙痛及臉頰腫痛。最可能之病因為何？", "options": {"A": "上頜竇炎", "B": "篩竇炎", "C": "篩動脈栓塞", "D": "篩竇癌"}, "answer": "篩竇炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "肺結核病人常以各種不同藥物一併治療，rifampicin 為主要的藥物之一。Rifampicin 抑制肺結核桿菌的機轉為抑制下列那一種酶？", "options": {"A": "去氧核糖核酸聚合酶（DNA polymerase） \t", "B": "細菌核糖核酸聚合酶（bacterial RNA polymerase）", "C": "粒線體核糖核酸聚合酶（mitochondrial RNA polymerase）", "D": "反轉錄酶（reverse transcriptase）"}, "answer": "細菌核糖核酸聚合酶（bacterial RNA polymerase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列全身麻醉劑中，何者的化學結構類似 phencyclidine（PCP），容易引起惡夢及類神經異常現象？", "options": {"A": "Propofol", "B": "Fentanyl", "C": "Etomidate", "D": "Ketamine"}, "answer": "Ketamine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那些原蟲的感染型（infective form）通常具有四個細胞核？", "options": {"A": "梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia lamblia）及大腸阿米巴（Entamoeba coli）", "B": "梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia lamblia）及痢疾阿米巴（Entamoeba histolytica）", "C": "哈氏阿米巴（Entamoeba hartmanni）及嗜碘阿米巴（Iodamoeba bütschlii）", "D": "微小阿米巴（Endolimax nana）及雙核阿米巴（Dientamoeba fragilis）"}, "answer": "梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia lamblia）及痢疾阿米巴（Entamoeba histolytica）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "20 歲男性從孩童時代起就一再出現復發性深部靜脈血栓（deep vein thrombosis）。下列何者是最常造成此類血栓的致病原因？", "options": {"A": "家族性高膽固醇血症（Familial hypercholesterolemia）", "B": "遺傳性高凝血狀態（Inherited hypercoagulability）", "C": "紅血球增多症（Polycythemia Vera）", "D": "高血壓（Hypertension）"}, "answer": "遺傳性高凝血狀態（Inherited hypercoagulability）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位腦外傷的病患在幾天後發現右眼跳動式的疼痛，右眼球逐漸突出，且無法上下或向內轉動，眼球充血。用聽診器在眼球上可聽到雜音，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "右眼血管瘤（hemangioma）", "B": "右眼腫瘤（tumor）", "C": "腦幹出血（brainstem hemorrhage）", "D": "頸動脈與海綿竇管（carotid-cavernous fistula）"}, "answer": "頸動脈與海綿竇管（carotid-cavernous fistula）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "對於敗血性休克的低血壓病人使用vasoactive drug，如果欲使得dopamine有β1-adrenergic效果，則其劑量應維持在多少μg/kg/min？", "options": {"A": "<1", "B": "1~4", "C": "5~10", "D": ">10"}, "answer": "5~10", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Probenecid 延長 Penicillin 療效的主要原因為何？", "options": {"A": "抑制肝臟代謝 Penicillin", "B": "阻斷 Penicillin 在腎小管排出", "C": "促進 Penicillin 與白蛋白結合，延長在體內停留的時間", "D": "與 Penicillin 有相同且加成性的藥效"}, "answer": "阻斷 Penicillin 在腎小管排出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "最常導致超高 IgE 症候群（hyper IgE syndrome）的基因突變是位在下列那一個基因？", "options": {"A": "STAT1", "B": "JAK1", "C": "NEMO", "D": "STAT3"}, "answer": "STAT3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "49.因為卵巢生殖細胞瘤（germ cell tumors of the ovary）大多都是單側生長，下列那一種最可能會同時發現兩側 都有腫瘤？\n", "options": {"A": "無性胚胎瘤（dysgerminoma）", "B": "卵巢內胚層竇瘤（endodermal sinus tumor）", "C": "卵巢多胚瘤（polyembryoma）", "D": "混合性生殖細胞腫瘤（mixed germ cell tumor）"}, "answer": "無性胚胎瘤（dysgerminoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於inflammatory bowel disease的藥物治療，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "sulfasalazine可分解為sulfapyridine（anti-inflammatory effect）及5-aminosalicylic acid（ASA）（antibacterial effect）之成分，為臨床相當常用的口服藥物", "B": "在inflammatory bowel disease急性症狀控制之後，glucocorticoids的使用在疾病的maintenance therapy中為首選", "C": "anti-TNF therapy可結合血液中TNF-alpha，而降低腸道發炎性反應，為moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis的重要治療；在慢性B型肝炎的患者，anti-TNF therapy並沒有產生reactivation of hepatitis B virus的風險", "D": "在急性發作時，bowel rest加上total parenteral nutrition（TPN）也具有inducing remission of active Crohn's disease的效果，其效果甚至與glucocorticoids相當"}, "answer": "在急性發作時，bowel rest加上total parenteral nutrition（TPN）也具有inducing remission of active Crohn's disease的效果，其效果甚至與glucocorticoids相當", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關肝癌之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "50%的病人是手術切除的 good candidate \t", "B": "肝移植的成績可達 5 年 80%的存活率", "C": "術前肝功能是很重要的", "D": "CT arterioportography（CTAP）是重要的檢查，檢查時需要做 portal vein cannulation"}, "answer": "術前肝功能是很重要的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "引起亞急性硬化性廣泛性腦炎（subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE）最可能的原因是：", "options": {"A": "單純疹（herpes simplex）", "B": "麻疹（measles）", "C": "流行性 A 型病毒（influenza A）", "D": "德國麻疹（rubella）"}, "answer": "麻疹（measles）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 1 歲 10 個月大的男孩因近一個月來臉色蒼白、胃口降低、活動力較差到門診求診，身體診查肝臟及脾臟並無腫大現象，血液常規檢查結果如下：WBC：6,100/mm3（segment 55%；lymphocyte 42%）、 RBC：2.30×106/mm3、Hb：6.5 g/dL、MCV 62 fL、MCH 19 pg/cell、RDW（RBC distribution width）上昇、血小板：250,000/mm3，他最有可能是下列那一種疾病？", "options": {"A": "缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）", "B": "海洋性貧血症（thalassemia）", "C": "再生不良性貧血症（aplastic anemia）", "D": "急性白血病（acute leukemia）"}, "answer": "缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "社區復健是嚴重精神疾病的重要治療模式，下列何者不是社區復健機構？", "options": {"A": "職能工作坊", "B": "康復商店", "C": "庇護工廠", "D": "社區心理衛生中心"}, "answer": "社區心理衛生中心", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "小玉是17歲女學生，與已離婚的媽媽同住，親子關係良好。不幸地家裡發生火災，小玉因為逃生不及，被消防員救出時，全身皮膚有90%的燒燙傷，她媽媽傷心欲絕，在燒傷加護病房外等候，經歷3次清創，看到女兒全身包裹紗布處在鎮靜止痛的無意識狀態，主治醫師向她說明這麼大面積燒傷的感染與\t血症機會及死亡率很高。第4次要再進手術房清創時，媽媽拒絕進一步手術治療，因為她說女兒最愛漂亮，如果看到自己現在的樣子，一定寧可死了算了，於是簽署DNR（不予急救）。下列處置何者不恰當？", "options": {"A": "應評估小玉行為能力，若判定有行為能力，則不能因應母親要求不予急救", "B": "不論決策者為媽媽或是小玉本人，都應考量此決策是否符合小玉之最大醫療利益", "C": "因為小玉沒有完全行為能力，可由媽媽決定不予急救", "D": "持續地與小玉媽媽溝通，確認她了解不予急救的意涵與可能後果"}, "answer": "因為小玉沒有完全行為能力，可由媽媽決定不予急救", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "因長期高血壓造成的腦出血，以下何者為最常見的部位？", "options": {"A": "殼核（putamen）", "B": "額葉（frontal lobe）", "C": "橋腦（pons）", "D": "小腦（cerebellum）"}, "answer": "殼核（putamen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最不常作為腎⼩管之管腔內氫離⼦的酸鹼緩衝物質？", "options": {"A": "HCO3", "B": "HPO42-", "C": "NH3", "D": "C3H7COO-"}, "answer": "C3H7COO-", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "80 下列有關痢疾阿米巴（Entamoeba histolytica）的敘述，那些正確？①肝膿瘍（liver abscess）多發生於右葉肝 ②其滋養體（trophozoites）會吞噬紅血球 ③metronidazole 可用以治療其引起之腸道及轉移病症 ④其囊體中的類染色體（chromatoidal bars）之成分為 DNA ", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "①②④", "C": "①③④", "D": "②③④"}, "answer": "①②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "酸化尿液會加重下列何種藥物之毒性？", "options": {"A": "Amphetamine", "B": "Phenobarbital", "C": "Morphine", "D": "Diazepam 55 患有氣喘的心律不整病人，不宜使用下列何種抗心律不整的藥物？"}, "answer": "Phenobarbital", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "3天大的新生兒，在軀幹與手腳出現大小1～2 mm的紅色丘疹與水泡，一週後這些疹子在未經治療的情形之下自行消失。下列那一項是最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "Erythema toxicum", "B": "Carbuncle", "C": "Salmon patch", "D": "Congenital syphilis"}, "answer": "Erythema toxicum", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "小穎雖然接受飲食衛教，但因為她實在難以抵擋食物當前的誘惑，所以平時空腹血糖都維持在110 mg/dL，糖化血色素（HbA1C）是7.3%，下列的事實何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "根據1999美國糖尿病醫學會（ADA）統計，空腹血糖過高會提高預產期前兩個月的胎兒死亡率（fetal death rate）", "B": "生產時胎兒過大（macrosomia）及肩難產（shoulder dystocia）機會都會增加", "C": "胎兒出生後會因為媽媽本身胰島素過高（hyperinsulinemia）而造成血糖過低", "D": "小穎下胎發生妊娠糖尿病的機會比起一般孕婦高30～50%"}, "answer": "小穎下胎發生妊娠糖尿病的機會比起一般孕婦高30～50%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關冷凍割斷術（freeze fracture technique），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "細胞膜之內葉層（inner leaflet）與外葉層（outer leaflet）間，可呈現為P面（P-face）與", "B": "可觀察細胞膜內的結構 \t", "C": "P面（P-face）即為膜外葉層（outer leaflet）的內面", "D": "P面（P-face）所含蛋白質顆粒較E面（E-face）多"}, "answer": "P面（P-face）即為膜外葉層（outer leaflet）的內面", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "人工生殖技術中，何種冷凍效果最不好？", "options": {"A": "精子", "B": "卵子", "C": "受精卵", "D": "囊胚期胚胎"}, "answer": "卵子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "1871 年德國眼科醫師 Theodor Leber 發現了一種家族性的神經眼科疾病 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy，簡稱 LHON，後來證實這是一種粒線體疾病。下列有關粒線體之敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "粒線體的 DNA 與細胞核 DNA 一樣，為環狀雙股結構", "B": "粒線體相關的遺傳病大多是自體隱性染色體遺傳（autosomal recessive）", "C": "粒線體相關的遺傳病大多是 X-性聯染色體遺傳（X-linked recessive），所以大多發生在男性", "D": "粒線體 DNA 突變情況較輕的病人，有時候只有眼睛神經病變，在接近成年的年齡時突然發生失明"}, "answer": "粒線體 DNA 突變情況較輕的病人，有時候只有眼睛神經病變，在接近成年的年齡時突然發生失明", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 66 歲男性病人，被發現在膀胱三角部右側有一深部肌肉侵潤的中度分化尿路上皮癌，無法經膀胱內視鏡手術切除乾淨，而且手術時膀胱頸、膀胱與攝護腺尿道之隨意採樣發現有輕微尿路上皮 atypia，但是其他包括 IVP（intravenous pyelography）與腹部電腦斷層檢查均為正常。這個病人需作何種治療最為適當？", "options": {"A": "根除性膀胱攝護腺切除手術", "B": "更積極經尿道切除膀胱腫瘤，然後定期施以膀胱內卡介苗（BCG）灌注治療", "C": "膀胱部分切除手術加上輸尿管再植入手術", "D": "每週施以膀胱內卡介苗（BCG）灌注治療 6 週，然後再次病理切片檢查"}, "answer": "根除性膀胱攝護腺切除手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關兒童腹股溝疝氣（inguinal hernia）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "幾乎都是直接型疝氣（direct inguinal hernia）", "B": "約三分之一為直接型疝氣（direct inguinal hernia）", "C": "約三分之一為非直接型疝氣（indirect inguinal hernia）", "D": "幾乎都是非直接型疝氣（indirect inguinal hernia）"}, "answer": "幾乎都是非直接型疝氣（indirect inguinal hernia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "79 人類免疫缺乏病毒（HIV）感染流行病學調查顯示，具有其他性病（如軟性下疳等）的病人，也具 HIV 感染的危險性。據此有一假設：性行為時發炎之黏膜表面為傳染 HIV 之理想地方。下列何細胞是傳染 HIV 病毒至 CD4(+)細胞的重要媒介？  ", "options": {"A": "CD8(+)細胞 \t", "B": "天然殺手細胞（natural killer cells）", "C": "樹突細胞（dendritic cells）", "D": "嗜中性白血球"}, "answer": "樹突細胞（dendritic cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "10 歲女童右側乳暈下摸到約2公分大小的硬塊，略有壓痛，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最可能為prepubertal gynecomastia", "B": "左側乳房可能不久亦會出現對稱硬塊", "C": "觀察追蹤（follow-up）即可", "D": "安排乳房切片（biopsy）"}, "answer": "安排乳房切片（biopsy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "1979 年，美國公共衛生署署長發表「健康人民」，將「健康促進」視為何者的同義詞？", "options": {"A": "初級預防", "B": "次級預防", "C": "三級預防", "D": "四級預防"}, "answer": "初級預防", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "5.一位30歲男性，因為最近被發現有黃疸而就醫，抽血檢查結果：total bilirubin 6mg/dL（正常值：0.2～1.6）、direct bilirubin  5mg/dL（正常值：0～0.3）、urine routine bilirubin (+)。以下描述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病史詢問，應\t重藥物史及溶血性疾病等", "B": "身體診察可能發現脾臟腫大", "C": "ineffective erythropoiesis或Gilbert's syndrome也可能是本病人之病因", "D": "尿液中，所測到之bilirubin是unconjugated bilirubin"}, "answer": "尿液中，所測到之bilirubin是unconjugated bilirubin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲婦女因過去一個月來有陰道出血的情況而就醫。她最後一次月經是在四年前。身體檢查並無特別異常。子宮內膜切片顯示有惡性腺體細胞存在。下列何種基因與此病的發生有最明顯的相關性？", "options": {"A": "BRCA1", "B": "E-cadherin", "C": "KIT", "D": "PTEN"}, "answer": "PTEN", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下圖為何種骨折？", "options": {"A": "calcaneus fracture", "B": "talus fracture", "C": "navicular fracture", "D": "cuboid fracture"}, "answer": "talus fracture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於劑量反應評估之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "致癌性與非致癌性之劑量反應關係應分開描述", "B": "致癌效應與非致癌效應皆有其閾值（threshold）", "C": "致癌之效應以風險作為呈現", "D": "閾值以下之劑量，預期將不會造成顯\t損害"}, "answer": "致癌效應與非致癌效應皆有其閾值（threshold）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "顱內靜脈竇之直竇（straight sinus）位於：", "options": {"A": "大腦鐮（cerebral falx）與顱骨交會處", "B": "小腦天幕（cerebellar tentorium）與顱骨交會處", "C": "大腦鐮與小腦天幕交會處", "D": "小腦鐮（cerebellar falx）與顱骨交會處"}, "answer": "大腦鐮與小腦天幕交會處", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "尿道球腺的開口於：", "options": {"A": "膜部尿道", "B": "陰莖尿道", "C": "骨盆橫膈", "D": "泌尿生殖膈"}, "answer": "陰莖尿道", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某農家飼養了許多家禽（雞、鴨與豬等），隨著夏天的到來經常高溫多雨，家中之老二今年 6 歲，放學回家後開始頭疼、嘔吐，1 天後出現嗜睡，經過 2 至 3 日，症狀加劇，嘔吐、意識模糊、抽搐、情緒激動、神智不清以及下肢麻痺等症狀，於 1 星期後退燒，但呈現運動及智能退化的現象，此孩童之病徵是由何病毒感染所引起的？", "options": {"A": "疱疹病毒（herpesvirus）", "B": "狂犬病病毒（rabies virus）", "C": "日本腦炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis virus）", "D": "登革病毒（dengue virus）"}, "answer": "日本腦炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "膠原蛋白（collagen）之羥基化（hydroxylation）修飾反應所需的維生素為：", "options": {"A": "thiamine", "B": "ascorbate", "C": "pyridoxal", "D": "cobalamin"}, "answer": "ascorbate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "少子化是國人明顯的趨勢，而國人對生產的要求也愈來愈高，下列有關自然產止痛的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可靜脈給予類鴉片類止痛藥", "B": "可硬脊膜外給予類鴉片類止痛藥與局部麻醉藥", "C": "可合併使用硬脊膜與脊椎內止痛術", "D": "絕對不會使用到全身麻醉"}, "answer": "絕對不會使用到全身麻醉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "36 胰島素（insulin）調節下列何種分子的合成，進而活化 phosphofructokinase-1 以促進糖解作用 （glycolysis）？ \n", "options": {"A": "citrate", "B": "NADH", "C": "fructose 2,6-bisphosphate", "D": "ATP"}, "answer": "fructose 2,6-bisphosphate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "28 之後立即作了頭腦電腦斷層掃描如附圖，顯示有顱基底骨骨折，依病史及電腦斷層  掃描，貫穿的子彈進入區是在何處？ \n", "options": {"A": "右鼻骨區 \t", "B": "左鼻骨區 \t", "C": "左後枕骨區 \t", "D": "右後枕骨區"}, "answer": "右鼻骨區 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當缺氧時，細胞為了避免 ROS（Reactive oxygen species）的大量產生，下列那種狀況會發生？", "options": {"A": "Pyruvate dehydrogenase 活性上升 \t", "B": "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 活性上升", "C": "HIF-1（Hypoxia-induced factor-1）表現量下降", "D": "HIF-1 降解量上升"}, "answer": "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 活性上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關腫瘤細胞的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "依目前普遍的觀點，整個腫瘤是源自單株的腫瘤細胞增生而成", "B": "一顆 5 公分大的腫瘤，其所有細胞普遍為同質性（homogeneity）", "C": "一顆 5 公分大的腫瘤，其實所含的腫瘤細胞大部分不處於增生複製期（replicative pool）", "D": "依理論如果腫瘤細胞的倍增時間為 3 天，那在體內由單一細胞經過 120 天即可能長成 1 公斤的腫瘤，但實際上並非如此，因為許多腫瘤細胞會進入 G0週期，進行分化或凋亡"}, "answer": "一顆 5 公分大的腫瘤，其所有細胞普遍為同質性（homogeneity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 48 歲女性，曾因肺癌及骨轉移接受化學及放射線治療，近日漸漸出現下肢酸麻及無力，接受顯影劑注射前（左圖）及注射後（中圖及右圖）之磁振造影檢查。其腰椎除了明顯的 Bone metastasis 外，在第四及第五腰椎部位（箭號所指處）有新的病變，下列何者為最正確的診斷並且能解釋其臨床症狀？", "options": {"A": "Pathological compression fracture", "B": "Epidural metastasis", "C": "Infectious spondylitis \t", "D": "Post-irradiation myelitis"}, "answer": "Epidural metastasis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 的病患經常會出現出血瘀青的現象，依照其致病機制，下列何種藥劑或治療方法對這類型病患的出血症狀最不可能有效？", "options": {"A": "第八凝血因子", "B": "血小板濃厚血漿", "C": "基因治療", "D": "幹細胞移植"}, "answer": "第八凝血因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "55 歲男性，平時除高血壓外無其他疾病，於半小時前，突發暈眩之後意識漸漸昏迷，血壓180/105 mmHg，心跳 105 /分，呼吸 22 /分，兩側瞳孔皆為 2.0 mm，光反射不明顯；Glascow 昏迷指數為 E2V2M3，在實行快速程序插管（rapid sequence intubation）後，瞳孔狀況不變，此時電腦斷層顯示小腦出血合併腦幹壓迫跡象，下列那一項處置較適當？", "options": {"A": "會診放射科作血管攝影及栓塞 \t", "B": "安排加護病房，採保守支持性治療", "C": "會診神經外科安排緊急手術 \t", "D": "給予過度換氣治療（hyperventilation），控制 PaO2 在 25~30 mmHg"}, "answer": "會診神經外科安排緊急手術 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）藥物，主要是具有止痛作用，有時用來取代morphine，作為病人手術後的止痛劑？", "options": {"A": "indomethacin", "B": "ibuprofen", "C": "ketoprofen", "D": "ketorolac"}, "answer": "ketorolac", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 29 歲女性婦產科病患，身高 159 公分，體重 65 公斤，主訴月經不規則，蓄鬍，月經量稀少，聲音低沉，身體檢查如圖所見腋下色素沉著（acanthosis nigricans）。病患最可能是何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "多囊性卵巢徵候群（polycystic ovarian syndrome）", "B": "家族性高血脂症", "C": "庫欣氏徵候群（Cushing syndrome）", "D": "假陽性女陰陽人（pseudohermaphroditism）"}, "answer": "多囊性卵巢徵候群（polycystic ovarian syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性自行走入急診處就醫，主訴為腹痛 3 天，解便困難，有噁心感但無嘔吐。病人描述最近 3 個月來解便較不順。有高血壓的病史，固定於診所拿藥控制。無任何開刀史。血壓為 160/90 mmHg，心跳為 110 次/min，呼吸速率為 20 次/min，體溫為 36.4℃。理學檢查發現整個腹部脹大，腸音加快，肛門檢查無發現異常。糞便潛血反應為 1+。腹部 X 光（KUB）發現小腸與大腸皆脹大，大腸降結腸段（descending colon）後無腸氣。依以上病史與 X 光發現，以下列那一種疾病最有可能？", "options": {"A": "大腸癌（colon carcinoma）", "B": "糞便阻塞（fecal impaction）", "C": "大腸炎（colitis） \t", "D": "憩室炎（diverticulitis）"}, "answer": "大腸癌（colon carcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在 E. coli 中修護較大之 DNA 損壞如紫外線照射，是靠：", "options": {"A": "UvrA 及 UvrB 蛋白尋找破壞之位置結合上去", "B": "UvrC 切斷被破壞之鹼基", "C": "Apunic endonuclease 切斷 DNA 一股", "D": "DNA 複製 III 修補"}, "answer": "UvrA 及 UvrB 蛋白尋找破壞之位置結合上去", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "未轉移之橫紋肌肉瘤（rhabdomyosarcoma）如果沒有完全切除，其腫瘤將被分為第幾期？", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "II", "C": "III", "D": "IV"}, "answer": "III", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "以下對於慮病症（hypochondriasis）之敘述，何者為非？", "options": {"A": "患者堅信患了某種疾病，只是尚未檢查出來", "B": "客觀證明仍難以說服患者，仍然堅信自己罹患某種疾病，且已達妄想程度", "C": "美國精神醫學會之 DSM-IV 規定至少六個月以上才能診斷慮病症", "D": "高社經階層者預後較佳"}, "answer": "客觀證明仍難以說服患者，仍然堅信自己罹患某種疾病，且已達妄想程度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 23 歲女性，因噁心、嘔吐就診。病人目前懷孕第 11 週，是第一次懷孕。無重大疾病史。1 個月前作過第一次產前檢查，並無特殊異常之處。她提及最近 2 週，每天晨間都有噁心反胃的現象。理學檢查血壓 110/70 mmHg、脈搏 84 次/分，其它理學及骨盆腔檢查均正常，下肢無水腫。體重 56.6 公斤，比起 1 個月前增加 1.5 公斤。下列初步處置何者較不適當？", "options": {"A": "向病人說明這是一種自限性（self-limited）問題，應觀察追蹤，必要時進一步檢查", "B": "建議病人少量多餐", "C": "避免接觸油煙", "D": "給與止吐藥"}, "answer": "給與止吐藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "高解析度胸部電腦斷層掃描檢查（High resolution computed tomography, HRCT）對下列疾病的診斷具有高度的價值，何者除外？", "options": {"A": "彌漫性肺疾病（diffuse parenchymal disease）", "B": "支氣管擴張症", "C": "肺氣腫 \t", "D": "縱膈腔病灶"}, "answer": "縱膈腔病灶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物無法預防或治療急性偏頭痛？", "options": {"A": "buspirone", "B": "sumatriptan", "C": "propranolol", "D": "dihydroergotamine"}, "answer": "buspirone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關抑制病毒的藥物中，下列何者是胜肽類的藥物？", "options": {"A": "恩夫韋（enfuvirtide）", "B": "丙氧鳥苷（ganciclovir）", "C": "拉米夫定（lamivudine）", "D": "奧斯他偉（oseltamivir）"}, "answer": "恩夫韋（enfuvirtide）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於⼤腸癌的症狀，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "右側⼤腸癌以排便異常為主，左側⼤腸癌因容易出⾎故以貧⾎為主", "B": "⼤腸癌因為曝露在腸道，容易因糞便摩擦⽽出⾎，因此即便是第⼀期癌症也很容易有症狀", "C": "近年來⼤腸癌的發⽣，右側⼤腸癌個案顯著多於左側⼤腸與直腸癌個案", "D": "⼤腸癌所造成的貧⾎為⼩球性貧⾎"}, "answer": "⼤腸癌所造成的貧⾎為⼩球性貧⾎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一般而言，針對每項污染物，空氣品質標準常有長時間值與短時間值（例：日平均值與小時平均值），二者何者較低？", "options": {"A": "一樣", "B": "長時間值", "C": "短時間值", "D": "依污染物不同改變"}, "answer": "長時間值", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "「以小人之心度君子之腹」是那種的防衛機轉？", "options": {"A": "隔離（isolation）", "B": "否定（denial）", "C": "投射（projection）", "D": "合理化（rationalization）"}, "answer": "投射（projection）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "34 歲女性，主訴頭痛已 2 週，當起身站立時整個頭會脹痛、噁心，躺下則頭痛立即改善，一般檢查為正常。最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "大腦靜脈竇栓塞（cerebral sinus thrombosis）", "B": "內頸動脈剝離（internal carotid artery dissection）引起的頭痛", "C": "低顱內壓頭痛（low intracranial pressure headache）", "D": "椎基底偏頭痛（vertebrobasilar migraine）"}, "answer": "低顱內壓頭痛（low intracranial pressure headache）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "46.55歲之女性病⼈，有⾼⾎壓及糖尿病史在使⽤藥物，抱怨⻑期乾咳已有近3個⽉，沒有咳⾎及呼吸困難。⾝ 體診查及例⾏胸部X光片檢查皆為正常，對於病⼈的診斷，下列何者最為優先？\n", "options": {"A": "肺功能檢查", "B": "⿐竇X光片檢查", "C": "詢問使⽤抗⾼⾎壓藥物情形", "D": "24⼩時食道pH值檢查"}, "answer": "詢問使⽤抗⾼⾎壓藥物情形", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何項構造不會在前腹壁上造成腹膜皺襞（peritoneal fold）？", "options": {"A": "靜脈導管（ductus venosus）", "B": "臍尿管（urachus）", "C": "上腹下動脈（inferior epigastric artery）", "D": "臍動脈（umbilical artery）"}, "answer": "靜脈導管（ductus venosus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關皮膚移植片（skin graft）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "裂層皮膚移植片（split thickness skin graft）之初期收縮（primary contraction）比全層皮膚移植片", "B": "全層皮膚移植片之繼發性收縮（secondary contraction）比裂層皮膚移植片大", "C": "於屈側（flexor side）行皮膚移植，以全層皮膚移植片為首選", "D": "眼皮之植皮，以裂層皮膚移植片為首選"}, "answer": "於屈側（flexor side）行皮膚移植，以全層皮膚移植片為首選", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "35 歲男性病人車禍後腹部受傷，血壓穩定，但是身體評估發現有血液從陰莖的尿道口流出。對此病人最先做些什麼處置或治療？", "options": {"A": "給予抗生素 \t", "B": "靜脈腎盂造影（intravenous pyelography）檢查", "C": "立即置放導尿管 \t", "D": "逆行尿道造影（retrograde urethrography）檢查"}, "answer": "逆行尿道造影（retrograde urethrography）檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於結膜炎的病徵，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "結膜濾泡（follicle）是由增生的淋巴組織（hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue）所形成", "B": "結膜濾泡在細隙燈下的特徵，在於中心點有血管纖維核心（central fibrovascular core）的變化", "C": "成年人結膜感染披衣菌（chlamydial infection）時，產生的結膜反應以濾泡為主", "D": "過敏性結膜炎，產生的結膜反應以乳頭狀突起（papillae）較為常見"}, "answer": "結膜濾泡在細隙燈下的特徵，在於中心點有血管纖維核心（central fibrovascular core）的變化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何處損傷會造成患者右腳觸覺喪失，但痛覺、溫度覺、運動功能及膝反射大致正常？", "options": {"A": "右側腰椎脊之dorsal column（posterior funiculus）", "B": "左側腰椎脊之dorsal column（posterior funiculus）", "C": "右側腰椎脊之anterolateral column（lateral funiculus）", "D": "左側腰椎脊之anterolateral column（lateral funiculus）"}, "answer": "右側腰椎脊之dorsal column（posterior funiculus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者為興奮膀胱迫尿肌的主要神經？", "options": {"A": "交感神經", "B": "迷走神經", "C": "陰部神經", "D": "骨盆內臟神經"}, "answer": "骨盆內臟神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列四者中最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung", "B": "choroid plexus cyst", "C": "cystic hygroma", "D": "multicystic dysplastic kidney"}, "answer": "choroid plexus cyst", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 Scarlet fever 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是 Group A Streptococci 引發咽喉炎之併發症", "B": "臨床上可見病患口腔中產生 Strawberry tongue", "C": "臨床上可見病患皮膚上產生 Pastia's lines", "D": "是由細菌感染之噬菌體溶解細菌後，釋放出 Pyrogenic exotoxin 所造成"}, "answer": "是由細菌感染之噬菌體溶解細菌後，釋放出 Pyrogenic exotoxin 所造成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "利用polymerase chain reaction（PCR）技術放大DNA，在溫度循環過程中反應溫度高達95℃之目的為何？", "options": {"A": "形成單股模板（template）DNA", "B": "使primer與模板（template）結合", "C": "增加DNA polymerase活性", "D": "便於產物之純化"}, "answer": "形成單股模板（template）DNA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "19.下列何者⽀配前、中顱窩（anterior and middle cranial fossae）的硬腦膜（dura mater）及⼩腦天幕 （tentorium cerebelli）？\n", "options": {"A": "舌咽神經（glossopharyngeal nerve）", "B": "三叉神經（trigeminal nerve）", "C": "迷⾛神經（vagus nerve）", "D": "舌下神經（hypoglossal nerve）"}, "answer": "三叉神經（trigeminal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "感覺型失語症（receptive aphasia, sensory aphasia）其病灶部位最可能在：", "options": {"A": "左側 Broca area \t", "B": "左側耳蝸神經核（cochlear nucleus）", "C": "左側 Wernicke area \t", "D": "左側 arcuate fasciculus"}, "answer": "左側 Wernicke area \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "絨毛膜腔（chorionic cavity）形成後，覆蓋於卵黃囊外之胚層稱為：", "options": {"A": "臟壁中胚層（splanchnopleuric mesoderm） \t", "B": "體壁中胚層（somatopleuric mesoderm）", "C": "胚外臟壁中胚層（extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm）", "D": "胚外體壁中胚層（extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm）"}, "answer": "胚外臟壁中胚層（extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關慢性腎臟病的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病乃目前臺灣新發生長期透析病患最常見之原發病因", "B": "慢性腎臟病患合併糖尿病，其血壓值應控制在130/80 mmHg以下", "C": "血症為最常造成慢性腎臟病患死亡的原因", "D": "低蛋白飲食有助於改善慢性腎臟病患之尿毒症狀"}, "answer": "血症為最常造成慢性腎臟病患死亡的原因", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何種腦部立體定位手術，是最有證據（evidence）之治療方式？", "options": {"A": "皮質刺激術（cortical stimulatin）", "B": "視丘刺激術（thalamic stimulation）", "C": "視丘下核刺激術（subthalamic stimulation）", "D": "脊髓刺激術（spinal cord stimulation）"}, "answer": "視丘下核刺激術（subthalamic stimulation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "手部鼻煙區（snuff box）觸摸到的脈搏是下列何者的脈動？", "options": {"A": "橈動脈（radial artery）", "B": "尺動脈（ulnar artery）", "C": "骨間前動脈（anterior interosseous artery）", "D": "骨間後動脈（posterior interosseous artery）"}, "answer": "橈動脈（radial artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關顱神經（cranial nerve）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "動眼神經支配第一對咽弓所衍生的結構", "B": "滑車神經源自同側神經核在上、下丘間出中腦", "C": "三叉神經眼枝支配提上眼瞼肌（superior levator palpebrae muscle）", "D": "外展神經核（abducent nucleus）接受對側動眼神經調節眼球運動"}, "answer": "外展神經核（abducent nucleus）接受對側動眼神經調節眼球運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "38\n", "options": {"A": "erythrasma", "B": "candidal intertrigo 承上題，這位患者皮膚病的致病菌為：", "C": "Trichophyton rubrum", "D": "Candida albicans"}, "answer": "Candida albicans", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "王先生，56 歲公務員，抽煙已有 30 年，每天至少一包。身體狀況一直保持很好，最近定期健康檢查發現右肺上葉有一 1.2 公分結節，去年檢查時胸部電腦斷層正常，其他器官功能都很好。王先生下一步的處置，何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "安排正子攝影-電腦斷層（PET-CT）以鑑別是否良性腫瘤", "B": "安排支氣管鏡檢查，組織切片", "C": "肺結核機率高，先投予抗結核藥物治療 3 個月，再追蹤", "D": "若無法取得組織切片或無法確定，應考慮外科取樣及切除"}, "answer": "肺結核機率高，先投予抗結核藥物治療 3 個月，再追蹤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，手術後發現胎盤後血塊占胎盤面積三分之二以上。此現象和下列何者最不相關？", "options": {"A": "孕婦抽菸", "B": "孕婦吸毒", "C": "妊娠高血壓", "D": "妊娠糖尿病"}, "answer": "妊娠糖尿病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲男性於夜間至急診處就診，主訴今天早上有噁心、嘔吐的症狀且有肚臍周圍疼痛（periumbilical pain）的狀況，至下午時，疼痛逐漸轉移到右下腹，理學檢查顯示體溫為 36.5℃，呼吸每分鐘 18 下，心跳每分鐘 75 下，按壓右下腹有疼痛症狀（tenderness），下列有關此病人之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以抽血檢驗看有無白血球升高（leukocytosis）", "B": "診斷不確定時，腹部超音波可以作為初步協助診斷的工具", "C": "腹部電腦斷層掃描可以作為例行的診斷工具", "D": "若按壓左下腹會引起右下腹疼痛則 Rovsing's sign 為 positive"}, "answer": "腹部電腦斷層掃描可以作為例行的診斷工具", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "進行統計檢定，當根據數據計算所得之p值＞α（顯\t水準）時，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "可以正確推翻虛無假設", "B": "證據不足以推翻虛無假設", "C": "可以正確接受虛無假設", "D": "可能犯型I錯誤"}, "answer": "證據不足以推翻虛無假設", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位30歲男性，和朋友喝酒吃完海鮮後，突然身上出現如圖病灶，發燙與奇癢無比，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可能是過敏反應，首要評估有無呼吸道的問題", "B": "可給予抗組織胺（antihistamine）注射", "C": "可考慮給予口服類固醇", "D": "H2接受器抑制劑（H2 receptor blocker），如ranitidine是沒有治療效果"}, "answer": "H2接受器抑制劑（H2 receptor blocker），如ranitidine是沒有治療效果", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "許多新的生物製劑及擬人化的單株抗體已經被發展出來，以治療自體免疫病，但不包括下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "抗Btk tyrosine kinase抗體（Btk tyrosine kinase monoclonal antibody）治療紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematsus）", "B": "CTLA4免疫蛋白複合蛋白質（CTLA4-immunoglobulin fusion protein）治療類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）", "C": "抗腫瘤壞死因子抗體（TNF-specific monoclonal antibody）治療類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）", "D": "抗α4：β1 integrin抗體（α4：β1 integrin-specific monoclonal antibody）治療發炎性腸道疾病（inflammatory bowel disease）"}, "answer": "抗Btk tyrosine kinase抗體（Btk tyrosine kinase monoclonal antibody）治療紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematsus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列關於受精作用（fertilization）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "通常發生於子宮腔 \t", "B": "在卵子產生第二極體（2nd polar body）後發生", "C": "通常在排卵後 3-5 天發生", "D": "可促使卵細胞（oocyte）活化"}, "answer": "可促使卵細胞（oocyte）活化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病，最容易引起腎臟的小血管產生類纖維蛋白壞死（fibrinoid necrosis）及洋葱皮樣增生性動脈炎（onion-skin like hyperplastic arteritis）等病變？", "options": {"A": "Multiple myeloma \t", "B": "Acute tubular necrosis", "C": "Pheochromocytoma \t", "D": "Henoch-Schönlein purpura"}, "answer": "Pheochromocytoma \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "高劑量黃體素，如 medroxyprogesterone acetate 200 mg/day，可用於治療何種復發性癌症？", "options": {"A": "卵巢癌", "B": "子宮內膜癌", "C": "子宮頸癌", "D": "陰道癌"}, "answer": "子宮內膜癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物不屬於Fibrinolysis之拮抗劑？", "options": {"A": "Hirudin", "B": "Aminocaproic acid", "C": "Tranexamic acid", "D": "Aprotinin"}, "answer": "Hirudin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關急性無結石性膽囊炎（Acute acalculous cholecystitis）敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可能發生在創傷、燒傷、長期靜脈營養注射之重症病人", "B": "症狀包括右上腹觸痛、發燒、白血球數增高", "C": "死亡率比急性膽石性膽囊炎低", "D": "電腦斷層或超音波有助於診斷"}, "answer": "死亡率比急性膽石性膽囊炎低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6週大男嬰，從1週前吐奶的情況，突然越吐越厲害，最近幾乎每一餐喝完奶半小時內很快就吐光，吐出的內容物為沒有黃綠色，體重也沒有增加反而減少，住院後若抽血檢\t動脈血氣體分析（arterial blood gas analysis） ，最有可能會呈現下列那種結果？", "options": {"A": "代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）", "B": "代謝性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）", "C": "呼吸性鹼中毒（respiratory alkalosis）", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）"}, "answer": "代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在做復健時，必須特別留意大腦右半球中風會比大腦左半球中風的患者更容易發生下列何種問題？", "options": {"A": "跌倒（fall）", "B": "尿失禁（urinary incontinence）", "C": "飢餓感（hungry sensation）", "D": "低血糖（hypoglycemia）"}, "answer": "跌倒（fall）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "25 歲男性，用餐時與人發生口角，遭人以牛排刀刺入右頸部，送入醫院急診時發現右手無力但有痛覺；左手可動卻失去冷、熱、痛等感覺，此病患可能是下列何種脊髓損傷症候群？", "options": {"A": "前脊髓症候群（anterior cord syndrome）", "B": "布朗塞卡氏症候群（Brown-Séquard syndrome）", "C": "中央脊髓症候群（central cord syndrome）", "D": "完全脊髓傷害（complete spinal cord injury）"}, "answer": "布朗塞卡氏症候群（Brown-Séquard syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個 34 歲的木工有右手掌靠近大姆指部位（thenar）麻木，肌肉萎縮和無力的病史達三年，他的症狀在過去兩年內並無顯著的惡化，反射是正常的，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "肌萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS） \t", "B": "左大腦半球中風（left hemisphere stroke）", "C": "正中神經病變（median nerve lesion）", "D": "慢性脫髓鞘多發性神經炎（chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, CIPD）"}, "answer": "正中神經病變（median nerve lesion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "格雷氏病（Graves' disease）合併下列何種情況時，甲狀腺次全切除術為最合理的選擇？", "options": {"A": "併有嚴重凸眼症狀", "B": "併有抗甲狀腺藥物嚴重併發症，如白血球降低及黃疸等", "C": "併有中度智障 \t", "D": "併有大於2公分的甲狀腺惡性結節"}, "answer": "併有抗甲狀腺藥物嚴重併發症，如白血球降低及黃疸等", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關主要組織相容複合體（major histocompatibility complex, MHC）之描述，那一項正確？", "options": {"A": "MHC 多型性（MHC polymorphism）是因為體細胞基因重組（somatic gene rearrangement）而造成", "B": "MHC 限制（MHC restriction）是指 T 細胞辨識抗原時，須同時辨識 MHC 分子", "C": "抗體不能直接辨識 MHC 分子", "D": "因為 MHC 具備多型性（polymorphic）特性，因此每一個人都可以表現數十種 HLA-DR 分子"}, "answer": "MHC 限制（MHC restriction）是指 T 細胞辨識抗原時，須同時辨識 MHC 分子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "鼻及鼻竇的惡性腫瘤中最常見者為：", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "小細胞癌", "C": "鱗狀細胞癌", "D": "未分化細胞癌"}, "answer": "鱗狀細胞癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位70歲的女性接受簡短智能測\t時，可以輕易地複誦三個不相關的名詞，經過五分鐘的計算能力檢測，大致正常；但是，此時卻無法自由回憶剛剛三個名詞，即使給予提示，還是沒有辦法回想出來。這位女性可能是：", "options": {"A": "注意力不足", "B": "失語症", "C": "記憶的提取問題", "D": "海馬迴功能障礙"}, "answer": "海馬迴功能障礙", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "咽部壁上的縱走肌肉收縮會對咽產生何種作用？", "options": {"A": "鬆弛", "B": "上提", "C": "下壓", "D": "內收"}, "answer": "上提", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "30歲男性在大量喝酒後嘔吐，嘔吐物中有鮮血，接受胃鏡檢查及治療，結果在食道胃交接處有出血並做止血夾治療（如圖），其診斷最有可能為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "esophageal varices", "B": "peptic ulcer", "C": "Mallory-Weiss tear", "D": "gastroesophageal reflux disease"}, "answer": "Mallory-Weiss tear", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一位 30 歲女性主訴 2 星期以來發燒及關節疼痛。體溫 37.6℃有兩側顴骨紅色斑疹。抗核抗體（ANA）測試為 1：1600 陽性，抗雙股 DNA 抗體為 1：3200 陽性，血清之肌酸酐（Creatinine）值上升，而補體則降低，VDRL 為陽性，凝血酶原時間（PT）及部分促凝血酶原激酶原時間（aPPT）均延長。此種自體抗體會干擾血液凝結測試造成不正常之結果，同時會造成何種臨床症狀？", "options": {"A": "關節炎", "B": "復發性血栓", "C": "紅色斑疹", "D": "腎衰竭"}, "answer": "復發性血栓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "60 歲的張三，右上腹痛、發燒已數日。醫師診查發現肝臟處有敲痛現象而為他做 CT 檢查。影像顯示肝內不正常，如圖示。張三的肝臟最有可能罹患何症？", "options": {"A": "囊腫（hepatic cyst） \t", "B": "肝膿瘍（liver abscess）", "C": "胞蟲囊病（echinococcal cyst）", "D": "肝細胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma）"}, "answer": "肝膿瘍（liver abscess）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 26 歲女性 5 年來時常感到疲倦及食慾不振，偶而會有關節痛及頭痛。她自己發現左手腕的脈搏很微弱。理學檢查發現左、右兩側的血壓相差有 32 mmHg 之多，附圖為該患者的 MRA 檢查。最有可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Rheumatic valvular heart disease", "B": "Cardiomyopathy", "C": "Takayasu arteritis", "D": "Aortic aneurysm"}, "answer": "Takayasu arteritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "CD3 不會與下列那一種分子直接形成複合物？", "options": {"A": "αβT 細胞受器（αβT cell receptor）", "B": "γδT 細胞受器（γδT cell receptor）", "C": "前期 T 細胞受體（pre-T cell receptor）", "D": "T 細胞之共同接受器（co-receptor） 81 下列那一種細胞不能呈現胜（peptide）抗原給 CD4 T 細胞？"}, "answer": "T 細胞之共同接受器（co-receptor） 81 下列那一種細胞不能呈現胜（peptide）抗原給 CD4 T 細胞？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "世界醫學會所制定的赫爾辛基宣言（Declaration of Helsinki）中，對人體研究的考量，下列何者除外？", "options": {"A": "唯有在研究目的之重要性大於被實驗主體可能身受的風險時，醫學研究才可以進行", "B": "唯有被研究的族群，可能從此研究成果中獲益時，此醫學研究才有其執行之價值", "C": "研究對象必須是志願參加，並充分瞭解研究內容，才得以參與該項研究計畫", "D": "研究內容並不包括可辨識之人類資料"}, "answer": "研究內容並不包括可辨識之人類資料", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 14 週大女童因腿部一軟組織急速長大而就診，腫塊觸診感覺很軟，如圖所示，抽血檢查發現病童有輕微貧血及血小板下降情形，血液抹片可見紅血球碎片（fragment），血液中 D-dimer 值上升，此病童最有可能是：", "options": {"A": "皮下出血（subcutaneous hemorrhage）", "B": "Kasabach-Merritt 症候群", "C": "Evans 症候群", "D": "骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）"}, "answer": "Kasabach-Merritt 症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一名5歲男童就診主訴發高燒3天，喉嚨痛、口水直流，媽媽發現男童手上腳上出現許多紅疹。身體診察發現喉嚨軟顎上出現如滿天星般的水泡，手掌、腳掌、臀部也出現如水泡般的疹子，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "這是腸病毒引起的手足口症的典型表現", "B": "腸病毒的治療主要是支持性療法", "C": "若腸病毒感染併發重症則屬於第三類法定傳染病，須在1週內通報", "D": "腸病毒的病情嚴重時用抗病毒藥物Acyclovir來治療，可改善存活率"}, "answer": "腸病毒的病情嚴重時用抗病毒藥物Acyclovir來治療，可改善存活率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於卵巢週期與子宮內膜週期之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "卵巢的濾泡期（follicular phase）相當於子宮內膜的增生期（proliferative phase）", "B": "卵巢的黃體期（luteal phase）相當於子宮內膜的增生期（proliferative phase）", "C": "卵巢的黃體期（luteal phase）相當於子宮內膜的分泌期（secretary phase）", "D": "排卵後之黃體化顆粒細胞會製造及分泌黃體素"}, "answer": "卵巢的黃體期（luteal phase）相當於子宮內膜的增生期（proliferative phase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "動脈瘤（arterial aneurysm）常會導致下列何種形式的腦中風？", "options": {"A": "視丘（thalamus）出血", "B": "大腦皮層下（subcortical）出血", "C": "蜘蛛網膜下（subarachnoid）出血", "D": "小腦（cerebellum）出血"}, "answer": "蜘蛛網膜下（subarachnoid）出血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關局部麻醉藥物過敏反應的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "局部麻醉藥物引起的過敏反應非常少見，主要是與immunoglobulin E及cellular immunity反應有關", "B": "ester系列的局部麻醉藥物較易引起過敏", "C": "amide系列的局部麻醉藥物較易引起過敏", "D": "若局部麻醉溶液中添加保存劑methyl-paraben與meta-bisulfite，會誘導過敏反應發生"}, "answer": "amide系列的局部麻醉藥物較易引起過敏", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一名 45 歲女性主訴頻尿、急尿及尿失禁，其尿動力學圖形顯示如附圖。初急尿感產生於 146 mL，強烈急尿感於 325 mL，膀胱容量估計為 474 mL，此項檢查結果應該是：", "options": {"A": "不穩定膀胱（detrusor instability） \tFILLING CYSTOMETRY+EMG", "B": "正常（normal）", "C": "尿道症候群（urethral syndrome） \tPdet", "D": "逼尿肌無力（detrusor underactivity） 20 cmH2O/Div"}, "answer": "正常（normal）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於骨骼肌肉鬆弛劑rocuronium的藥理作用，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以經由口服投與", "B": "為非去極化肌肉鬆弛劑（nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs）", "C": "作用可以被neostigmine拮抗", "D": "可由肝臟代謝"}, "answer": "可以經由口服投與", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "63.有關使用傳統（第一代）抗精神病藥（antipsychotics）治療思覺失調症（schizophrenia），若引起錐體外症候群 （extrapyramidal syndrome）時，下列敘述何者正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "智力障礙（mental retardation）與精神分裂症病人相較，前者較不會有錐體外症候群的副作用", "B": "把藥物換成第二代抗精神病藥並無法改善此錐體外症候群之副作用", "C": "換成高效價（high potency）的抗精神病藥可以改善", "D": "抗膽鹼藥物（anticholinergics）可用來減少該副作用"}, "answer": "抗膽鹼藥物（anticholinergics）可用來減少該副作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於發燒的敘述，何者不正確？", "options": {"A": "70 歲男性清晨口腔溫度 38℃，屬於發燒狀態", "B": "50 歲男性有腎衰竭及慢性阻塞性肺病，因喘住院，清晨的口腔溫度 36.8℃，傍晚的口溫 37.8℃，屬於發燒狀態", "C": "住院成年病人發燒應根據病房常規給予退燒藥，以避免發燒產生後遺症", "D": "心衰竭病人發燒，除了診治發燒的原因，也需給予退燒藥以避免增加心臟的負荷"}, "answer": "住院成年病人發燒應根據病房常規給予退燒藥，以避免發燒產生後遺症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "24歲男性主訴過去一個星期腹痛、發燒及拉肚子，身體檢查發現右下腹有壓痛的情形，糞便檢查並有潛血反應。內視鏡下看見廻腸及升結腸的黏膜較為水腫，且有潰瘍的現象；但橫結腸及降結腸則為正常。他的升結腸切片檢查最有可能看到下列何種病理表現？", "options": {"A": "隱窩膿瘍（crypt abscess）", "B": "腺癌（adenocarcinoma） \t", "C": "壞死性血管炎（necrotizing vasculitis）", "D": "非乾酪性肉芽腫（non-caseating granulomas）"}, "answer": "非乾酪性肉芽腫（non-caseating granulomas）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "民眾要能積極地參與社區的公共事務，自發性產生集體行動，並以有組織的社區力量營造社區的健康，下列何者為最初的要件？", "options": {"A": "民眾有意識到社區健康問題之重要性", "B": "有知名學者的社區健康調查報告", "C": "社區內有不少的民間團體", "D": "有政府的經費補助"}, "answer": "民眾有意識到社區健康問題之重要性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "14.一位53歲家庭主婦，未曾抽菸，最近被發現有肺癌，且有肋膜侵犯及積水，無法開刀清除乾淨。其腫瘤細胞有epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）激活突變（activation  mutation）。此時最適當的治療為？ \n", "options": {"A": "gefitinib", "B": "bevacizumab", "C": "sunitinib", "D": "trastuzumab"}, "answer": "gefitinib", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關治療urticaria/angioedma的描述中，何者最為正確？", "options": {"A": "topical glucocorticoids ointment對於acute urticaria最有效", "B": "H2 antihistamine對止癢最有效果", "C": "systemic glucocorticoids對chronic urticaria最有效", "D": "persistent vasculitic urticaria可以使用hydroxychloroquine作為輔助治療"}, "answer": "persistent vasculitic urticaria可以使用hydroxychloroquine作為輔助治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "依據正常嬰幼兒的粗動作發展里程（gross motor milestones），下列那一項敘述符合發展遲緩的狀況？", "options": {"A": "5 個月大時開始可以從平躺（supine）翻身到趴著（prone）", "B": "9 個月大時開始可以用雙手與雙膝爬行（crawl）", "C": "30 個月大時開始可以雙腳併立跳躍（jumping）", "D": "4 歲大時開始可以騎三輪車（pedals tricycle）"}, "answer": "4 歲大時開始可以騎三輪車（pedals tricycle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "100.50歲男性，患胃炎且常嘔吐，亦有\t憶衰退及虛談（confabulation），病理解剖發現腦部乳頭體 （mamillary bodies）及第三及第四腦室壁出⾎及壞死，其腦部病變與下列何種維⽣素（vitamin）缺乏有關？\n", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B1", "C": "B6", "D": "B12"}, "answer": "B1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 38 歲工人大腿被機器壓傷，流了很多血；此時他的身體會產生一些代償機制，包括血管收縮和心跳加快，同時體內也會分泌許多荷爾蒙或激素來協助代償，下列何者除外？", "options": {"A": "histamine", "B": "bradykinin", "C": "beta-endorphins", "D": "lymphokines"}, "answer": "lymphokines", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名 32 歲男性，因發燒、咳嗽，且從前一天開始覺得呼吸愈來愈困難而就醫。胸部 X 光檢查顯示兩側大量肋膜腔積水，穿刺術由肋膜腔抽取約 500 毫升略為混濁的黃色液體，顯微鏡下可見此液體內有許多嗜中性白血球的存在。下列何種機制最可以解釋在肋膜腔所造成的變化？", "options": {"A": "淋巴管阻塞 \t", "B": "內皮細胞收縮 \t", "C": "細小動脈收縮 \t", "D": "血小板黏附作用的抑制"}, "answer": "內皮細胞收縮 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據Light's criteria，下列何者不是診斷滲出性肋膜積液（exudative pleural effusion）的條件？", "options": {"A": "胸水中，白蛋白（albumin）的量＞3 g/dL", "B": "「胸水中蛋白質」與「血清中蛋白質」的比值＞0.5", "C": "「胸水中lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）」與「血清中lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）」的比值＞0.6", "D": "「胸水中lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）值」大於「血清中 lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）正常上限值」"}, "answer": "胸水中，白蛋白（albumin）的量＞3 g/dL", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關梅克爾憩室（Meckel's diverticulum）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為胚胎卵黃囊（embryonic yolk sac）的遺留物 \t", "B": "常於 2 歲以前出現症狀", "C": "好發於迴腸的腸繫膜側（mesenteric border of ileum）", "D": "常以無痛性血便表現"}, "answer": "好發於迴腸的腸繫膜側（mesenteric border of ileum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位六十歲女性在接受右側聽神經瘤（acoustic neuroma）切除手術後，出現同側眼睛逐漸紅眼及流淚症狀，檢查時發現病患右側眼瞼閉合不良（lagophthalmos），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "流淚症狀可能導因於淚點（lacrimal punctum）外翻", "B": "病患可能同時伴有暴露性角膜炎（exposure keratopathy）", "C": "可以肉毒桿菌素（botulinum toxin）注射在提眼瞼肌（levator palpebrae muscle）內，造成暫時性眼瞼下垂，保護眼角膜", "D": "此種情形造成的眼瞼外翻，因屬麻痺性外翻（paralytic ectropion），無法以手術改善"}, "answer": "此種情形造成的眼瞼外翻，因屬麻痺性外翻（paralytic ectropion），無法以手術改善", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病人無法進食時，因為肝臟可以進行gluconeogenesis，一般仍不至於發生低血糖，下列何種物質無法被轉化為glucose？", "options": {"A": "lactate", "B": "alanine", "C": "glycerol", "D": "ethanol"}, "answer": "ethanol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於異位性皮膚炎的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "角質層的構造有缺陷，皮膚乾燥", "B": "金黃色葡萄球菌菌落數增加，皮膚容易感染", "C": "無論急性期或慢性期病灶皆以 Th1 細胞表現為主", "D": "具有遺傳性，母系的影響大於父系"}, "answer": "無論急性期或慢性期病灶皆以 Th1 細胞表現為主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關急性發炎性脫髓鞘多發性神經病變症候群（Guillain-Barré syndrome）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "大約30％病患在疾病發作之前，會有輕度之呼吸道或腸胃道感染症狀", "B": "主要臨床表現為漸進式肌肉無力，其病程進展時間約為數天至二週，甚至更長時間", "C": "通常同時侵犯肢體之近端及遠端肌肉", "D": "肌腱反射常會下降或消失"}, "answer": "大約30％病患在疾病發作之前，會有輕度之呼吸道或腸胃道感染症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "何者不是⽬前美國食品及藥物管理署（FDA）核准⽤於治療雙極性疾患（bipolar disorder）躁期的藥物？", "options": {"A": "鋰鹽（lithium）", "B": "carbamazepine", "C": "valproic acid", "D": "lamotrigine"}, "answer": "lamotrigine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲男性病人，住院前二天突然覺得右耳聽力減退和高頻耳鳴，沒有眩暈、耳漏或耳痛。純音聽力檢查結果如圖示，而腦幹聽性反應檢查（auditory brain-stem response）顯示右耳刺激時，只出現 Ⅰ波潛時值（latency value）異常，其他潛時值均正常，則此病人可能的病變部位是：", "options": {"A": "中耳 \t", "B": "耳蝸 \t", "C": "聽神經 \t", "D": "腦幹"}, "answer": "耳蝸 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "為使人口得到合理成長，維持替代水準，目前台灣宣導的每對夫婦生育數最少為：", "options": {"A": "0", "B": "1", "C": "2", "D": "3"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是治療該類疾病常用的外科手術？", "options": {"A": "在局部麻醉下放置腹腔引流管", "B": "\"second-look＂operation", "C": "切除病灶腸段，做腸造口", "D": "切除病灶腸段並吻合"}, "answer": "切除病灶腸段並吻合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "教導一位右側肢體無力的腦中風病人由跌倒在地上站起來時，下列何種預備姿勢最適當？", "options": {"A": "右下肢伸膝向前，左下肢屈膝", "B": "左下肢伸膝向前，右下肢屈膝", "C": "左上肢扶地，右下肢屈膝", "D": "右上肢扶地，左下肢屈膝"}, "answer": "右下肢伸膝向前，左下肢屈膝", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 Addison's disease 常見之症狀？", "options": {"A": "體重增加", "B": "血壓低", "C": "色素沈澱增加", "D": "肌肉無力"}, "answer": "體重增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關第三鰓裂瘻管（third branchial fistula）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此瘻管有一端開口在扁桃腺窩", "B": "此瘻管在第九對與第十二對腦神經間穿過", "C": "此瘻管在外頸與內頸動脈間穿過", "D": "此瘻管是所有鰓裂瘻管中最常見的"}, "answer": "此瘻管在第九對與第十二對腦神經間穿過", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "病患蔡先生，現年 40 歲，因尿毒症而接受血液透析共 10 年，登記換腎也等待 6 年，此次住院前一天晚上被通知住院並接受腎臟移植。捐贈者是一位 55 歲女性腦死病患，實驗室檢查發現血清內肌酸酐值高至 6.0 mg/dL，血清內尿毒素氮為 54 mg/dL，主治醫師向蔡先生解釋換腎的成功率及可能的併發症後，他毅然決然接受腎移植手術，術後腎臟沒有發揮功能，每小時尿量小於 10 c.c.。以下什麼情況最可能解釋移植腎沒有發揮功能？", "options": {"A": "移植腎腎小管壞死", "B": "移植腎腎動脈栓塞", "C": "移植腎腎靜脈栓塞", "D": "移植腎輸尿管壞死"}, "answer": "移植腎腎小管壞死", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 78 歲男性因意識不清被送至急診，血壓 70/35 mmHg，心跳 42/min，呼吸 18/min。除立即給病人氧氣外，接下來如何處理最為適當？", "options": {"A": "立即準備貼上經皮心律調節器（transcutaneous pacemaker），如果沒有可先使用 epinephrine 或 dopamine 提升心跳及血壓", "B": "病人有休克現象，應先給予生理食鹽水（normal saline）500 ml，再做 12 導程心電圖分析心律", "C": "先觀察 5 分鐘，著手找出心跳慢的原因，以對症下藥", "D": "不可拖延，立即會診心臟科醫師置入暫時性經靜脈心律調節器（temporary transvenous pacemaker）"}, "answer": "立即準備貼上經皮心律調節器（transcutaneous pacemaker），如果沒有可先使用 epinephrine 或 dopamine 提升心跳及血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，病人的 X 光片如附圖，下列其他檢查結果，何者與 X 光結果不符合？", "options": {"A": "腹部 X 光可見大便囤積 \t", "B": "二十四小時後，仍有鋇劑留在大腸", "C": "肛門直腸壓力檢查發現直腸內氣球漲大時，內括肌（Internal sphincter）無法收縮", "D": "直腸切片 Acetylcholinesterase 活性增加"}, "answer": "肛門直腸壓力檢查發現直腸內氣球漲大時，內括肌（Internal sphincter）無法收縮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於bacterial meningitis的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "CSF opening pressure常大於180 mmH2O", "B": "CSF/serum glucose ratio大於0.4", "C": "CSF protein上升，常大於45 mg/dL", "D": "CSF Gram stain細菌染色之陽性率>50%"}, "answer": "CSF/serum glucose ratio大於0.4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 14 歲男童因為突發的紅尿至急診室求診。尿液常規檢查顯示：Bilirubin：陰性(-)；Urobilinogen：強陽性(3+)；Occult blood：強陽性(3+)；Protein：陰性(-)；WBC 3-5/HPF；RBC 0-2/HPF。下列何者為其最可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "急性溶血（acute hemolysis）", "B": "急性肝炎（acute hepatitis）", "C": "急性橫紋肌溶解症（acute rhabdomyolysis）", "D": "急性腎絲球腎炎（acute glomerulonephritis）"}, "answer": "急性溶血（acute hemolysis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者與職業性氣喘病相關？", "options": {"A": "含氧化矽（SiO2）的礦物", "B": "二異氰酸甲苯（Toluene diisocyanate; TDI）", "C": "1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷 \t", "D": "錳鐵熔煉"}, "answer": "二異氰酸甲苯（Toluene diisocyanate; TDI）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "49 一位 56 歲女性病人有隱隱的腹部不適，間歇性拉肚子，和潮熱（flush）約 5 年，被診斷為腸躁症 （irritable bowel syndrome）和停經過渡期症候群（perimenopausal syndrome），她的症狀逐漸變嚴重，水瀉一天有三次，腹部電腦斷層發現多處肝轉移及腸繫膜（mesenteric）淋巴結腫大，和一個 3 cm 的腫瘤在迴盲腸（ileocecal region），血清 CEA 正常，24 小時尿的 5-hydroindoleacetic acid（5-HIAA）增\n 加。下列何種治療可以緩解她腹瀉的症狀？ \n", "options": {"A": "用含 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin（FOLFOX）的化學治療", "B": "用 loperamide", "C": "切除迴盲腸的腫瘤（ileocecal mass）", "D": "用長效型 octreotide"}, "answer": "用長效型 octreotide", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "52歲女性病人診斷有甲狀腺乳突癌（papillary carcinoma），術前臨床分期為T3N1aMx，下列何種術式為最佳選擇？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺全切除術", "B": "甲狀腺全切除術及頸部第六區淋巴廓清術", "C": "甲狀腺全切除術及頸部第四、五、六區淋巴廓清術", "D": "甲狀腺全切除術及頸部第二、三、四、五、六區淋巴廓清術"}, "answer": "甲狀腺全切除術及頸部第六區淋巴廓清術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "自主神經反射異常（autonomic dysreflexia）為脊髓損傷病人常見之病症，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "較常發生在受傷後一個月內", "B": "主要發生在胸椎第六節以上的完全脊髓損傷患者", "C": "膀胱脹尿是常見的誘因", "D": "發作時，處置方法初步為去除刺激來源"}, "answer": "較常發生在受傷後一個月內", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當人體突然大量失血，最不可能發生下列何種狀況？", "options": {"A": "動脈感壓受器放電頻率（arterial baroreceptor firing rate）增加", "B": "支配靜脈的交感神經活性（sympathetic activity）增加", "C": "支配心臟的副交感神經活性（parasympathetic activity）減少", "D": "週邊血管總阻力（total peripheral resistance）增加"}, "answer": "動脈感壓受器放電頻率（arterial baroreceptor firing rate）增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者非 vitamin D 及其衍生物的臨床適應症？", "options": {"A": "骨質疏鬆（osteoporosis）", "B": "骨軟化症（osteomalacia）", "C": "腎功能衰竭（renal failure）", "D": "副甲狀腺功能亢進症（hyperparathyroidism）"}, "answer": "副甲狀腺功能亢進症（hyperparathyroidism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "各種細胞在傷口癒合出現之時間，下列敘述何者較不正確？", "options": {"A": "嗜中性白血球（neutrophils）：0～6 天", "B": "巨噬細胞（macrophages）：1～12 天", "C": "纖維母細胞（fibroblasts）：1～14 天", "D": "淋巴球（lymphocytes）：8～14 天"}, "answer": "淋巴球（lymphocytes）：8～14 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在心動週期（cardiac cycle）的那一期最可能觀察的主動脈壓（aortic pressure）出現短暫先降後升的重搏凹跡（dicrotic notch）現象？", "options": {"A": "等容心室舒張期（isovolumetric ventricular relaxation）", "B": "心室充血期（ventricular filling）", "C": "等容心室收縮期（isovolumetric ventricular contraction）", "D": "心室射血期（ventricular ejection）"}, "answer": "等容心室舒張期（isovolumetric ventricular relaxation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "12.下列何者可以增加氧氣和血紅素的結合量？①增加氧氣分壓（oxygen partial pressure） ②降低pH值 ③增加二氧化碳分壓  ④增加二磷酸甘油（2,3-diphosphoglycerate; 2,3-DPG）濃度 \n", "options": {"A": "僅①", "B": "僅②③", "C": "僅①④", "D": "②③④"}, "answer": "僅①", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在正常情況下，房室節（atrioventricular node）最靠近下列何處？", "options": {"A": "右心房與上腔靜脈（superior vena cava）交接處", "B": "右心房冠狀竇（coronary sinus）開口處", "C": "心房中隔（interatrial septum）接近卵圓窩（oval fossa）處", "D": "心房中隔接近冠狀竇開口處"}, "answer": "心房中隔接近冠狀竇開口處", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一個內分泌試驗結果最符合泛腦下垂體功能低下（panhypopituitarism）的診斷？", "options": {"A": "胰島素耐性測驗（insulin tolerance test），在血糖低於 40 mg/dL 時，生長激素濃度為 7 μg/L", "B": "泌乳激素基礎值為 10 μg/L，TRH test 時，泌乳激素濃度為 30 μg/L", "C": "metyrapone test，cortisol 值低於 4 μg/dL，ACTH 為 8 pg/mL", "D": "TRH test，TSH 上升 7 mU/L"}, "answer": "metyrapone test，cortisol 值低於 4 μg/dL，ACTH 為 8 pg/mL", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 33 歲男性，因肥胖來門診諮詢。為強化病人減重的動機，你會告訴他有關肥胖的併發症。肥胖會增加下列那一種疾病的風險？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺功能低下症（hypothyroidism）", "B": "退化性關節炎（osteoarthritis）", "C": "風濕性心臟病（rheumatic heart disease）", "D": "骨質疏鬆症（osteoporosis）"}, "answer": "退化性關節炎（osteoarthritis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關三叉神經之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "含一般體運動傳出神經纖維", "B": "其分支攜帶副交感神經纖維", "C": "含本體感覺神經纖維", "D": "其神經核分布於延腦、橋腦與中腦"}, "answer": "含一般體運動傳出神經纖維", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "動脈二氧化碳分壓升高所導致肺通氣量（ventilation）增加，是藉由刺激何種感受器導致立即性及主要（約占 75%）之反應？", "options": {"A": "立即性反應：中樞化學感受器；主要反應：周邊化學感受器", "B": "立即性反應：周邊化學感受器；主要反應：中樞化學感受器", "C": "兩者皆為中樞化學感受器（central chemoreceptors）", "D": "兩者皆為周邊化學感受器（peripheral chemoreceptors）"}, "answer": "立即性反應：周邊化學感受器；主要反應：中樞化學感受器", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "我國 65 歲以上人口在那個年代突破 7%，使台灣進入高齡化社會？", "options": {"A": "2000 年代", "B": "1990 年代", "C": "1980 年代", "D": "1970 年代"}, "answer": "1990 年代", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於 keratosis pilaris 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "異位性皮膚炎可能伴隨此皮膚病灶", "B": "魚鱗癬不會出現此種皮膚病灶", "C": "可以使用一些 keratolytic lotion 治療", "D": "可以在肩膀或大腿出現"}, "answer": "魚鱗癬不會出現此種皮膚病灶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "先天性補體缺乏最常導致下列何種臨床情形？", "options": {"A": "風溼性關節炎", "B": "腎絲球腎炎", "C": "病毒感染", "D": "氣喘"}, "answer": "腎絲球腎炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者其管壁外圍不含平滑肌層？", "options": {"A": "輸精管（ductus deferens）", "B": "副睪管（ductus epididymis）", "C": "射精管（ejaculatory duct）", "D": "輸出小管（ductulus efferens）"}, "answer": "射精管（ejaculatory duct）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "80 小美出生時只有 1250 公克，因呼吸窘迫住在加護病房，接受呼吸器治療併發氣胸，情況不穩定。巫醫師值班時因小美的末梢動脈導管（peripheral arterial catheter）阻塞需重新打一條，他嘗試多處末梢動脈均不成功，最後在左手肱動脈（brachial artery）處打上動脈導管，護士掛上輸液並為小美自該通路抽血作血液氣體分析。數小時後來接大夜班的護士發現小美左手的無名指及中指顏色呈暗紅色，指端末梢幾近黑色。巫醫師緊急照會值班總醫師，商討要如何處置及隔日小美父母來時要如何面對。 下列巫醫師的那一種作法不恰當？ \n", "options": {"A": "打電話稟告小美的主治醫師請他想辦法解決", "B": "囑咐大夜班的護士交代白班護士不要讓小美父母看到小美的左手", "C": "告訴小美父母小美血管細小且有敗血症，因而血液循環不好", "D": "告訴小美父母小美情況不好實在需要有一條末梢動脈導管，小美手指的變化可能和裝置末梢動脈導管有關"}, "answer": "囑咐大夜班的護士交代白班護士不要讓小美父母看到小美的左手", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "彈響髖（snapping hip）是因為髖關節周邊某些軟組織因纖維化或硬化，而在髖關節活動時與骨骼摩擦所致。下列這些軟組織，何者最不可能造成彈響髖？", "options": {"A": "股外側肌（vastus lateralis muscle）", "B": "髂脛束（iliotibial band）", "C": "臀大肌（gluteus maximus muscle）", "D": "髂腰肌鍵（iliopsoas tendon）"}, "answer": "股外側肌（vastus lateralis muscle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "93.在嗜鉻細胞瘤（pheochromocytoma）中的支持細胞（sustentacular cells）最有可能以下列何種免疫組織化學染 色標記將其突顯出來？\n", "options": {"A": "嗜鉻粒蛋白（chromogranin）", "B": "S100蛋白（S100）", "C": "突觸素（synaptophysin）", "D": "神經元特異性烯醇化酶（neuron specific enolase）"}, "answer": "S100蛋白（S100）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位病人在體檢時發現血小板數為65000/µL，紅血球及白血球正常，下列何項檢查對於釐清血小板低下的原因幫忙最小？", "options": {"A": "platelet antibody", "B": "antibody to hepatitis C virus", "C": "antibody to human immunodeficiency virus", "D": "antinuclear antibody"}, "answer": "platelet antibody", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於緩和醫療（palliative care），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "依據安寧緩和醫療條例，不施行心肺復甦術，應由二位醫師診斷確為末期病人，且應有意願人簽署之意願書", "B": "非類固醇類抗發炎藥（NSAID）控制神經痛之效果良好", "C": "對非類固醇類抗發炎藥無效之疼痛，可給予meperidine（Demerol）", "D": "根據Kubler Ross的理論，對親人死亡之悲傷調適階段，為否認、憤怒、討價還價、憂鬱"}, "answer": "依據安寧緩和醫療條例，不施行心肺復甦術，應由二位醫師診斷確為末期病人，且應有意願人簽署之意願書", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位63歲男性到門診主訴發現皮膚泛黃已三週，尿液呈深褐色，最近有灰白色大便，無腹部疼痛及不適，食慾稍差。下列何種檢查能快速做鑑別診斷？", "options": {"A": "抽血\tB型、C型肝炎", "B": "測血中總膽紅素/直接型膽紅素指數", "C": "腹部超音波檢查", "D": "腹部電腦斷層檢查"}, "answer": "腹部超音波檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "面對無行為能力或限制行為能力患者的代理權問題，下列何種處置最正確？", "options": {"A": "若醫師認為代理人作出之決定將有害於患者，仍然應遵循代理人之決定", "B": "在緊急狀況下，找不到患者代理人時，醫師可自行為患者作出醫療決定", "C": "未成年患者，由於法律上認定其未有完全行為能力，故醫師在決定其醫療方式時，不須邀請患者本人參與討論", "D": "若患者於喪失行為能力前已預立醫囑，而其與代理人意見不同時，應依代理人之決定為治療判斷標準"}, "answer": "在緊急狀況下，找不到患者代理人時，醫師可自行為患者作出醫療決定", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "80 一位 14 歲的男孩到皮膚科門診就診，主訴在上臂、大腿與臀部的伸側（extensor side），自出生後就 發現患有許多以毛囊為中心之小型白色到灰色的角質突起，則該男孩最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "毛孔角化症（keratosis pilaris）", "B": "白色糠疹（pityriasis alba）", "C": "變色糠疹（pityriasis versicolor）", "D": "毛囊炎（folliculitis）"}, "answer": "毛孔角化症（keratosis pilaris）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "30 歲男性，右側舌潰瘍持續 3 個月而至門診求診。病患有抽菸、喝酒之嗜好多年，身體健康，無任何重大病史，1 個月前病患已經至其他醫院求診，當時已經接受病灶切片檢查，病理檢查結果為良性上皮增生（epithelial hyperplasia），合併發炎。1 個月來經藥物治療，右側舌潰瘍仍未完全消失，且略感疼痛。口腔視診發現右側舌黏膜有一大小約 0.5×0.5 公分之潰瘍，沒有明顯凸出之腫塊，但是舌運動略微受限。下列何者是應優先進行的門診檢查處置？", "options": {"A": "安排頭頸部 X 光片檢查", "B": "繼續給予口腔潰瘍藥膏，以加速癒合", "C": "進行口腔觸診以判定潰瘍特性", "D": "安排頭頸部電腦斷層檢查"}, "answer": "進行口腔觸診以判定潰瘍特性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病主要是因大腸桿菌產生之類志賀氏毒素（Shiga-like toxin）所導致？", "options": {"A": "血栓性血小板減少性紫斑症（thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura）", "B": "特發性血小板減少性紫斑症（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura）", "C": "典型溶血性尿毒症候群（typical hemolytic-uremic syndrome）", "D": "非典型溶血性尿毒症候群（atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome）"}, "answer": "典型溶血性尿毒症候群（typical hemolytic-uremic syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6歲女童，2個月前有發燒、倦怠感和體重減輕的症狀，後來發生肌肉無力且有Gower徵候（Gower sign），眼瞼出現紅斑且因日曬有惡化現象，血液檢查時發現肌酐酸激酶（creatine kinase）值明顯升高，最有可能的診斷是下列那一種疾病？", "options": {"A": "肌肉失養症（muscular dystrophy）", "B": "感染性肌炎（infectious myositis）", "C": "幼年型皮肌炎（juvenile dermatomyositis）", "D": "全身性紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus）"}, "answer": "幼年型皮肌炎（juvenile dermatomyositis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種病毒需進入寄主細胞之細胞核進行基因體複製（genome replication）？", "options": {"A": "Poxvirus", "B": "Paramyxovirus", "C": "Bunyavirus", "D": "Orthomyxovirus 55 \t使用於孩童之 MMR 三合一減毒疫苗，包含那三種病毒？"}, "answer": "Orthomyxovirus 55 \t使用於孩童之 MMR 三合一減毒疫苗，包含那三種病毒？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於併指症（syndactyly）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最常發生在第二、三指間（2nd web space） \t", "B": "是最常見的先天性手異常（congenital hand deformity）", "C": "有很強的家族性傾向（familial tendency）", "D": "男性較多"}, "answer": "最常發生在第二、三指間（2nd web space） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "急性膝關節前十字韌帶受傷，最佳的理學檢查方法是：", "options": {"A": "前拉檢查（Anterior drawer test）", "B": "後拉檢查（Posterior drawer test）", "C": "拉克曼檢查（Lachman test）", "D": "內彎加壓檢查（Varus stress test）"}, "answer": "拉克曼檢查（Lachman test）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "「皮脂腺（sebaceous gland）」具有下列何種特徵？", "options": {"A": "分布在表皮之基底層（stratum basale）", "B": "大部分分泌物可經由毛囊（hair follicle）之上段釋出", "C": "是屬於內分泌腺體", "D": "是屬於頂漿分泌腺體（apocrine gland）"}, "answer": "大部分分泌物可經由毛囊（hair follicle）之上段釋出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "羊水的酸鹼值（pH）最常介於那個酸鹼值（pH）區段？", "options": {"A": "4.5～5.5", "B": "5.6～6.5", "C": "7.0～7.5", "D": "8.0～8.5"}, "answer": "7.0～7.5", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "手部肌腱轉移（Tendon transfer）時，那一條內肌（Intrinsic muscle）不是由 Ulnar nerve 所支配？", "options": {"A": "拇指對向肌（Opponens pollicis） \t", "B": "短拇指屈肌之深頭（Deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis）", "C": "內收拇指肌（Adductor pollicis）", "D": "第一背骨間肌（First dorsal interosseous）"}, "answer": "拇指對向肌（Opponens pollicis） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲的計程車司機來到眼科門診，主訴其視力模糊，開車時最怕對方來車之車燈，因會感到『刺眼』，太陽大時也會忽然視力減退，門診檢查之視力右眼有 0.7，左眼有 0.6，細隙燈檢查發現病人有白內障，請問醫師最可能會看到那一種型態之白內障？", "options": {"A": "核性白內障（Nuclear cataract）", "B": "皮質性白內障（Cortical cataract）", "C": "後囊下白內障（Posterior subcapsular cataract）", "D": "層性白內障（Lamellar cataract）"}, "answer": "後囊下白內障（Posterior subcapsular cataract）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有 6 名成年男性自願者，參加一為期 3 個月的減重班，研究者在這 6 名成年男性參加減重班前後，分別測量每個人血中膽固醇濃度作為研究數據。根據這些數據，該名研究者想要評估減重班的減重效果，你認為最適切的統計方法為：", "options": {"A": "Wilcoxon sign rank test", "B": "Wilcoxon rank sum test", "C": "Friedman test \t", "D": "Student-Newman Keuls test"}, "answer": "Wilcoxon sign rank test", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "凹胸手術最常見的原因是為了改善：", "options": {"A": "心臟功能", "B": "肺功能", "C": "外觀", "D": "脊柱側彎"}, "answer": "外觀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是退化性關節炎的危險因子？", "options": {"A": "肥胖", "B": "抽菸", "C": "遺傳的因素", "D": "種族的不同"}, "answer": "抽菸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者受損會導致手部拇指（thumb）無法做對掌（opposition）的動作？", "options": {"A": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "B": "正中神經（median nerve）", "C": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）", "D": "橈神經（radial nerve）"}, "answer": "正中神經（median nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "要治療患有支氣管氣喘之病人的青光眼症，下列何種藥物較不適合？", "options": {"A": "dorzolamide", "B": "latanoprost", "C": "brinzolamide", "D": "timolol"}, "answer": "timolol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "目前的專科醫師制度是由行政院衛生署核定，交由各專科醫學會辦理專科醫師甄試及考核，專科醫師制度的首要目的是：", "options": {"A": "節制醫療浪費", "B": "限定執業範圍", "C": "提升醫療品質", "D": "控制醫療成本"}, "answer": "提升醫療品質", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於顆粒細胞腫瘤（granulosa cell tumor）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "會分泌estrogen，且易在停經後不正常出血", "B": "多為兩側性發生，大約只有2%的病例為單側性", "C": "大多數的病例中，在病理切片下可見granulosa cell排列成團聚狀（cluster）或是玫瑰花環狀（rosette），像primordial", "D": "大多數病例是在stage I被發現且診斷的"}, "answer": "多為兩側性發生，大約只有2%的病例為單側性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "張先生 42 歲，患有高血壓、糖尿病，因急性左心室前壁梗塞住院十天，出院用藥若張先生沒任何禁忌症，則何藥物最不必要？", "options": {"A": "aspirin \t", "B": "alpha-blocker", "C": "beta-blocker \t", "D": "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor"}, "answer": "alpha-blocker", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲男性騎摩托車不慎掉入水溝，胯部撞擊而送至急診室，理學檢查發現陰囊腫大（如圖），仔細注意尿道口有少許血液，下腹部有輕微壓痛，骨盆移動時並無壓痛，下肢活動如常，有關此傷害之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此時放置導尿管為標準處置，如此可引流尿液防止尿液外溢", "B": "此時放置導尿管為標準處置，因為可以減少出血並矯正尿道斷裂", "C": "受傷之部位應非括約肌尿道，因該處受傷往往會併隨骨盆骨折", "D": "內視鏡檢查球狀尿道是否斷裂，為標準診斷方式"}, "answer": "受傷之部位應非括約肌尿道，因該處受傷往往會併隨骨盆骨折", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於甲狀腺濾泡癌（follicular carcinoma），何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "較多為多發性（multifoci）", "B": "有被膜侵犯", "C": "有血管侵犯", "D": "較少淋巴轉移"}, "answer": "較多為多發性（multifoci）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種膽鹼酶抑制劑（cholinesterase inhibitors），能通過血腦障礙（blood brain barrier）而影響中樞神經？", "options": {"A": "neostigmine", "B": "physostigmine", "C": "pyridostigmine", "D": "edrophonium"}, "answer": "physostigmine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞激素在毒性休克症候群（toxic shock syndrome）扮演重要角色？", "options": {"A": "IL-10", "B": "IL-8", "C": "TNF-α", "D": "TGF-β"}, "answer": "TNF-α", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一類眼疾，可接受雷射屈光手術？", "options": {"A": "配戴隱形眼鏡後，造成過敏性結膜炎", "B": "圓錐角膜（keratoconus）", "C": "角膜內皮細胞功能不良", "D": "嚴重的乾眼症"}, "answer": "配戴隱形眼鏡後，造成過敏性結膜炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "目前最有效能長期控制氣喘之藥物為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "長期吸入類固醇 \t", "B": "長期吸入交感刺激支氣管擴張劑", "C": "長期口服茶鹼（theophylline）", "D": "長期吸入抗副交感支氣管擴張劑"}, "answer": "長期吸入類固醇 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "4 歲男孩左側視力不佳，眼球有些泛白求診，檢查發現左眼底有長腫瘤，幾乎快充滿整個眼球，經左側眼球全摘除送檢，診斷為惡性腫瘤，請問下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "由 Rb 基因的單點突變所引起", "B": "可能與遺傳有關", "C": "以後右眼也可能長出相同的腫瘤", "D": "與抑癌基因功能缺失有關"}, "answer": "由 Rb 基因的單點突變所引起", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "妊娠時母親心臟血管系統會發生改變。下列項目中，何者會下降？", "options": {"A": "心輸出量（Cardiac output） \t", "B": "心跳次數（Heart rate）", "C": "肺血管阻力（Pulmonary vascular resistance） \t", "D": "肺微血管楔壓（Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure）"}, "answer": "肺血管阻力（Pulmonary vascular resistance） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "早產兒呼吸窘迫症候群其第一天時胸部X光的變化不包括下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "氣管空氣影像（air bronchogram）", "B": "網狀顆粒影像（reticulogranular pattern）", "C": "纖維化變化", "D": "air leakage"}, "answer": "纖維化變化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是常用來評估個人日常生活功能之工具？", "options": {"A": "布朗氏等級表（Brunnstrom stage）", "B": "功能獨立評估表（functional independence measure）", "C": "巴氏量表（Barthel Index）", "D": "肯尼自我照顧評估表（Kenny self-care evaluation）"}, "answer": "布朗氏等級表（Brunnstrom stage）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關鞏膜炎（scleritis），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "致病機轉可能與自體免疫或血管炎有關", "B": "眼部有劇烈鈍痛感", "C": "常合併有劇癢及分泌物多的症狀", "D": "可能造成視網膜變化"}, "answer": "常合併有劇癢及分泌物多的症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 58 歲罹患高血壓及糖尿病的男性病人，月前因高膽固醇血症經醫師投予 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor（statin）。近來病人抱怨肌肉酸痛，並且注意到尿液呈可樂般深暗色，此時你需要立刻檢驗下列那個項目來證實你的臆測？", "options": {"A": "ALT", "B": "CK", "C": "urine routine", "D": "LDL cholesterol"}, "answer": "CK", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 26 歲女性，G1P1，妊娠 38 週，分娩男嬰一名，新生兒心跳 72 次/分，依阿帕格氏計分法（Apgar score），於心跳之分項下得分為何？", "options": {"A": "0", "B": "1", "C": "2", "D": "3"}, "answer": "1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是尿道嵴（urethral crest）上的構造？", "options": {"A": "精阜", "B": "射精管開口", "C": "前列腺管開口", "D": "前列腺橢圓囊"}, "answer": "前列腺管開口", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於腎衰竭病患的蛋白質給予，選用何種胺基酸較理想？", "options": {"A": "支鏈性胺基酸（Branched chain amino acids）", "B": "必要胺基酸（Essential amino acids）", "C": "精胺酸（Arginine） \t", "D": "麩醯胺（Glutamine）"}, "answer": "必要胺基酸（Essential amino acids）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何器官完全由間葉細胞（mesenchymal cell）衍生而來？", "options": {"A": "脾臟（spleen）", "B": "膽囊（gallbladder）", "C": "闌尾（appendix）", "D": "空腸（jejunum）"}, "answer": "脾臟（spleen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種病毒會在宿主細胞內造成內格里小體（Negri bodies）的產生？", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus）", "B": "單純疱疹病毒（Herpes-simplex virus, HSV）", "C": "痘病毒（Poxvirus）", "D": "B型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus）"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 42 歲男性患者被送至急診室就醫，當時血壓 180/130 mmHg，心跳每分鐘 110 下，發燒、頻頻打哈欠，並抱怨有腹瀉、腹痛、流鼻涕、流眼淚、全身肌肉抽痛、骨骼疼痛、瞳孔放大。此患者最可能之臨床診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "安非他命中毒", "B": "安非他命戒斷", "C": "鴉片類藥物中毒", "D": "鴉片類藥物戒斷"}, "answer": "鴉片類藥物戒斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "27歲女性，G2P1，妊娠40週，胎兒超音波臍動脈血流速度波形縮舒比（systolic-diastolic ratio, S/D ratio），下列何者為正常？", "options": {"A": "2", "B": "6", "C": "8", "D": "10"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "31 5 天大女嬰，因呼吸急促合併發紺現象而求診。理學檢查發現呼吸每分鐘 60 次且合併明顯胸凹現象。其右上肢血壓為 82/48 mmHg，血氧濃度為 85%，但左上肢及下肢血壓為 50/34 mmHg，血氧濃度為 80%。 下列何者為最可能之診斷？\n", "options": {"A": "主動脈弓狹窄（coarctation）", "B": "大動脈轉位（TGA）合併主動脈弓狹窄", "C": "B 型主動脈弓中斷（interrupted aortic arch, type B）", "D": "A 型主動脈弓中斷（interrupted aortic arch, type A）"}, "answer": "B 型主動脈弓中斷（interrupted aortic arch, type B）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是典型膽素性（cholinergic）的作用？", "options": {"A": "散瞳", "B": "降低心跳速率", "C": "增加 A-V 傳導的時間", "D": "增加汗腺分泌"}, "answer": "散瞳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 56 歲男性高血壓、糖尿病病人，腎臟功能 creatinine 1.6 mg/dL，治療前血壓為 170/100 mmHg。此病人血壓長期控制的最佳目標為何？", "options": {"A": "＜130/80 mmHg \t", "B": "150-160/90-95 mmHg", "C": "＜140/90 mmHg \t", "D": "＜140/85 mmHg"}, "answer": "＜130/80 mmHg \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "某醫院因為經營困難，要購買新的碎石機卻缺乏經費，於是鼓勵該院的泌尿科醫師投資買機器，醫院的說詞是醫師如果對業績有信心，投資機器也會賺錢，是醫院和醫師雙贏，這樣作法的潛在倫理問題是為何？", "options": {"A": "會有利益衝突的問題", "B": "會有健保核刪的問題", "C": "會有執業執照的問題", "D": "會有輻射防護的問題"}, "answer": "會有利益衝突的問題", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲女性主訴腹痛，大便有血，經肛門直腸檢查發現直腸黏膜發炎，下列何者為最不可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "潰瘍性大腸炎", "B": "缺血性大腸炎", "C": "藥物性大腸炎", "D": "感染性大腸炎"}, "answer": "缺血性大腸炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "腦下垂體不具有下列何種組織構造？", "options": {"A": "閏管（intercalated duct）", "B": "竇狀微血管（sinusoidal capillaries）", "C": "嫌色細胞（chromophobes）", "D": "嗜色細胞（chromophils）"}, "answer": "閏管（intercalated duct）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位懷孕 14 週，規則接受產檢的婦女，突然下腹隱隱作痛，合併有陰道出血的情形，其最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Threatened abortion \t", "B": "Ectopic pregnancy", "C": "Implantation bleeding", "D": "Pelvic inflammatory disease"}, "answer": "Threatened abortion \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "抗酸性染色（acid-fast stain）不適用於下列那一種疾病的診斷？", "options": {"A": "癩瘤性痲瘋（lepromatous leprosy）", "B": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis感染", "C": "Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex感染", "D": "Cryptococcus neoformans感染"}, "answer": "Cryptococcus neoformans感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關醫學研究，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "醫學研究以促進醫學進展為第一考量，受試者權益次之", "B": "即使醫師跟研究者是同一人，他在醫病關係中的醫師角色，和在研究者受試者關係中的研究角色是不同的", "C": "凡以人類為受試者的醫學研究，都必須先經由獨立的倫理委員會審查及核可，始得進行", "D": "以人類為受試者的醫學研究，必須要有合理的科學根據"}, "answer": "醫學研究以促進醫學進展為第一考量，受試者權益次之", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "16 承上題，黃先生最恰當的治療藥物是： alpha-blocker  beta-blocker  verapamil  nitrate", "options": {"A": " ", "B": " ", "C": " ", "D": " "}, "answer": " ", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "40.一位55歲停經後女性乳癌病人，第3期（T2 [3 cm] N1 [1/10] M0），ER+，PR+，HER2-negative，grade ", "options": {"A": "先行化學治療，再接續使用雌激素拮抗劑（如：tamoxifen）5年，不用芳香環轉化酶抑制劑", "B": "同時使用 化學治療和雌激素拮抗劑", "C": "先行化學治療，再接續使用芳香環轉化酶抑制劑（如：anastrozole）", "D": "同時使用 化學治療和芳香環轉化酶抑制劑"}, "answer": "先行化學治療，再接續使用芳香環轉化酶抑制劑（如：anastrozole）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關Bordetella pertussis 引起之百日咳的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "卡它期（catarrhal stage）症狀似感冒", "B": "陣發期（paroxysmal stage）通常細菌量最多", "C": "核酸放大偵測法敏感（sensitive）且特異性（specificity）高", "D": "可用紅黴素（Erythromycin）治療"}, "answer": "陣發期（paroxysmal stage）通常細菌量最多", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是治療多發性肌炎（polymyositis）最常使⽤的藥物？", "options": {"A": "傳統改善疾病之抗風濕藥物（disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug）", "B": "⽣物製劑（biologic agent）", "C": "⽪質類固醇（glucocorticoid）", "D": "非類固醇抗炎⽌痛劑（non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug）"}, "answer": "⽪質類固醇（glucocorticoid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者與含有酒精的飲料一起服用會造成嘔吐、噁心、腹部絞痛和頭痛等症狀？", "options": {"A": "Daptomycin", "B": "Methenamine", "C": "Nitrofurantoin", "D": "Metronidazole"}, "answer": "Metronidazole", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "王小姐，30歲，最近發現聲音變粗，陰蒂變大，且愈來愈嚴重。下列疾病何者最不可能？", "options": {"A": "分泌男性素的卵巢腫瘤", "B": "多囊性卵巢囊腫", "C": "腎上腺腫瘤", "D": "庫欣氏症（Cushing syndrome）"}, "answer": "多囊性卵巢囊腫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種安眠藥物的作用機轉不是直接作用於GABA的神經傳導？", "options": {"A": "ramelteon", "B": "clonazepam", "C": "midazolam", "D": "phenobarbital"}, "answer": "ramelteon", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "正常⼈⼀側眼睛受到強光照射，雙眼瞳孔收縮，有關此反應之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此為瞳孔光反射（pupillary light reflex）", "B": "頂蓋前區（pretectal area）參與其機轉", "C": "後聯合（posterior commissure）參與其機轉", "D": "三叉神經（trigeminal nerve）之眼神經（ophthalmic nerve）參與其機轉"}, "answer": "三叉神經（trigeminal nerve）之眼神經（ophthalmic nerve）參與其機轉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種疾病不是兒童足踝疾病的名稱？", "options": {"A": "Köhler氏病變（Köhler disease）", "B": "Freiberg氏病變（Freiberg infarction）", "C": "Panner氏病變（Panner disease）", "D": "Sever式病變（Sever disease）"}, "answer": "Panner氏病變（Panner disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，腹部 X 光片所見之「右上腹樹枝狀的充氣結構」稱為：", "options": {"A": "Air-bronchogram", "B": "Subphrenic free air", "C": "Pneumobilia", "D": "Coffee-bean sign"}, "answer": "Pneumobilia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "不建議孕婦於懷孕期間，接受下列那一項預防性疫苗接種？", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒（influenza）", "B": "狂犬病（rabies）", "C": "水痘（varicella）", "D": "破傷風 （tetanus）"}, "answer": "水痘（varicella）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Ipratropium 減少呼吸道腺體分泌及氣管平滑肌收縮，可改善肺氣腫（emphysema）症狀", "B": "氣喘發作時，應該選擇β2-adrenergic receptor活化劑，如timolol，以便即時擴張氣管", "C": "Scopolamine 因能活化 muscarinic ACh 受體，故可減輕暈車、暈船等中樞神經系統引起之嘔吐", "D": "身心遇緊急狀況時，因會興奮迷走神經，故導致心跳加速，瞳孔縮小"}, "answer": "Ipratropium 減少呼吸道腺體分泌及氣管平滑肌收縮，可改善肺氣腫（emphysema）症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲男性，於三個月內體重減輕 15 公斤，於頸部、腋下、腹股溝處及手掌皮膚逐漸變成黑褐色且表面粗糙。對此患者而言，最重要的檢查為何？", "options": {"A": "腹部超音波檢查", "B": "胸部 X 光檢查", "C": "胃內視鏡檢查", "D": "耳鼻喉科檢查"}, "answer": "胃內視鏡檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "生理回饋（biofeedback）最不適用於下面何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "緊張性頭痛（tension headache）", "B": "思覺失調症（schizophrenia）", "C": "氣喘", "D": "心律不整"}, "answer": "思覺失調症（schizophrenia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "分娩易造成骨盆底部的撕裂傷，下列何者最不可能受傷？", "options": {"A": "髂骨尾骨肌（iliococcygeus） \t", "B": "恥骨尾骨肌（pubococcygeus）", "C": "會陰淺橫肌（superficial transverse perineal muscle）", "D": "尾骨肌（coccygeus）"}, "answer": "尾骨肌（coccygeus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤（choroid plexus papilloma），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "兒童的脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤大多生長在小腦天幕下方（usually infratentorial）", "B": "成人的脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤大多生長在側腦室（lateral ventricle）", "C": "脈絡叢腫瘤有可能為惡性", "D": "手術移除腫瘤後，水腦症大都會痊癒"}, "answer": "脈絡叢腫瘤有可能為惡性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在網狀紅血球（reticulocytes）缺乏鐵時會抑制血紅素（hemoglobin）之合成，其作用機轉主要是：", "options": {"A": "對cAMP responsive element binding protein（CREBP）進行磷酸化", "B": "對steroid responsive element binding protein（SREBP）進行磷酸化", "C": "對真核起始因子2（eIF2）進行磷酸化", "D": "對真核起始因子4E（eIF4E）進行磷酸化"}, "answer": "對真核起始因子2（eIF2）進行磷酸化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "瞻妄（delirium）與失智症（dementia）的最⼤區別在於瞻妄病⼈容易出現下列那⼀症狀？", "options": {"A": "聽幻覺（auditory hallucinations）", "B": "注意⼒（attention）不集中", "C": "攻擊⾏為（aggression）", "D": "癲癇發作（seizures）"}, "answer": "注意⼒（attention）不集中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "琉璃醣醛酸（hyaluronic acid）是人體含量最多的黏多醣，其分子組成含有下列何種重複單位？", "options": {"A": "galactose和N-acetylgalactosamine", "B": "glucose和fructose", "C": "D-glucuronic acid和N-acetylglucosamine", "D": "D-glucuronic acid和N-acetylgalactosamine"}, "answer": "D-glucuronic acid和N-acetylglucosamine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者並非由proopiomelanocortin（POMC）代謝所生成？", "options": {"A": "ACTH", "B": "β-lipotropin", "C": "α-MSH", "D": "CRH"}, "answer": "CRH", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關攝護腺結節狀增生（prostatic nodular hyperplasia）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Dihydrotestosterone可作用於細胞核的androgen receptor，只導致上皮細胞增生", "B": "主要發生的區域是移形區（transitional zone）", "C": "可用α-adrenergic receptor抑制劑降低平滑肌張力以緩解尿路阻塞的症狀", "D": "顯微鏡檢有時可在梗塞（infarct）附近發現上皮細胞有局部\t狀化生"}, "answer": "Dihydrotestosterone可作用於細胞核的androgen receptor，只導致上皮細胞增生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "多發性硬化症（multiple sclerosis）的診斷主要是靠：", "options": {"A": "正確的病史（多次發作、多處病兆）", "B": "皮膚切片", "C": "誘發電位檢查 \t", "D": "腦脊髓液檢查"}, "answer": "正確的病史（多次發作、多處病兆）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "1歲大女嬰出現發燒、咳嗽、流鼻水及結膜炎，發燒後3～4天口腔出現柯氏斑點（Koplik's spots），最有可能診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "嬰兒玫瑰疹", "B": "猩紅熱", "C": "川崎氏症", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "59歲男性因腹脹求診，電腦斷層檢查如圖一，該病人接受腹腔鏡切除手術，手術標本如圖二，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "該腫瘤位於肝的caudate lobe", "B": "該腫瘤造成左肝管阻塞", "C": "該腫瘤屬於全實心腫瘤（solid mass）", "D": "該腫瘤屬於肝膿瘍"}, "answer": "該腫瘤造成左肝管阻塞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "65 歲男因 8 個月來全身淋巴結腫大求診。檢查發現病人頸部、腋下及鼠蹊部兩側均有淋巴結腫大，除了輕微的貧血外，沒有發燒、發冷或其他不舒服，做切片及染色體檢查，確定為惡性淋巴瘤且有 t（14；18）轉位。請問下列有關腫瘤的敘述，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "有 c-myc 過度表現 \t", "B": "有 cyclin D1 過度表現", "C": "為高度惡性淋巴瘤 \t", "D": "是 B 細胞淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "是 B 細胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關於病人遵從醫囑性（compliance）的敘述，何者為非？", "options": {"A": "增進醫病關係，有助於提高病人遵醫囑性 \t", "B": "提高複診率，也是增進病人遵醫囑性的方法之一", "C": "利用病人的恐懼及罪惡感，以影響病人遵從醫囑，成效良好", "D": "對於因未能遵從醫囑而感覺憂鬱、罪惡感的病人，可考慮心理治療介入法"}, "answer": "利用病人的恐懼及罪惡感，以影響病人遵從醫囑，成效良好", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關生殖內分泌的描述，下列何者為非？", "options": {"A": "男性荷爾蒙是由Leydig cells所分泌", "B": "男性荷爾蒙的分泌是受濾泡刺激激素FSH（follicle stimulating hormone）調控", "C": "腦下垂體性腺激素（pituitary gonadotropins）的分泌是受GnRH（gonadotropin releasing hormone）的調控", "D": "腦下垂體性腺激素的分泌也受男性荷爾蒙的負迴饋控制"}, "answer": "男性荷爾蒙的分泌是受濾泡刺激激素FSH（follicle stimulating hormone）調控", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "25.一位45歲女教師，主訴半年內逐漸發生運動時氣促，倦怠，胸悶以及昏厥的症狀。身體診察發現頸靜脈壓力 上升，可摸到右心室搏動，且在右側聽到S4的心音，胸部X光發現肺動脈膨大，下列敘述何者最適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "應檢測protein C，protein S，antithrombin III等是否異常", "B": "心電圖通常可以發現心軸向左偏轉及左心室肥大", "C": "可以用心臟超音波測量二尖瓣逆流的流速來估計肺動脈的壓力", "D": "病患肺血管主要的表徵為血管內皮增生，發炎反應增加，以及血管擴張"}, "answer": "應檢測protein C，protein S，antithrombin III等是否異常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "圖中病人在復健科被教導依 ABCD 順序穿上衣，病人最可能罹患下列何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "左側大腦梗塞", "B": "右側大腦出血", "C": "左側腦幹出血", "D": "右側小腦腫瘤"}, "answer": "右側大腦出血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於抑癌基因APC gene（adenomatous polyposis coli gene）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "只要APC gene突變就能產生大腸直腸癌", "B": "是家族性大腸息肉症的成因", "C": "是顯性遺傳", "D": "家族性大腸息肉症是大腸直腸癌的高危險群"}, "answer": "只要APC gene突變就能產生大腸直腸癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種結膜疾病，會在角膜上出現盾狀潰瘍（shield ulceration）？", "options": {"A": "春季角結膜炎（vernal keratoconjunctivitis）", "B": "砂眼（trachoma）", "C": "威爾遜氏疾病（Wilson's disease）", "D": "圓錐角膜（keratoconus）"}, "answer": "春季角結膜炎（vernal keratoconjunctivitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位46 歲男性在晚餐時突然頭痛，其腦部電腦斷層（沒打顯影劑）如下圖，造成此病症最常見原因為：", "options": {"A": "外傷（trauma） \t \t", "B": "使用抗凝血劑（anticoagulants）", "C": "動靜脈畸型（arteriovenous malformation） \t", "D": "顱內小動脈瘤（aneurysm）"}, "answer": "顱內小動脈瘤（aneurysm）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是心導管介入性治療急性冠狀動脈症候群之短程目標？", "options": {"A": "及早完成梗塞相關血管之再灌流以防止梗塞範圍擴大", "B": "預防死亡與其他併發症", "C": "預防冠狀動脈再阻塞", "D": "同時治療非梗塞相關血管之狹窄以避免殘存之缺氧發生"}, "answer": "同時治療非梗塞相關血管之狹窄以避免殘存之缺氧發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "可以成功地終止初期懷孕（first trimester）的藥物有那些？", "options": {"A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": ""}, "answer": "", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "60歲婦女，被診斷為外陰癌，病灶約有1.5公分大，基質侵犯約為1.5 mm，檢查發現單側的鼠蹊部淋巴結轉移，此婦女疾病之分期為第幾期？", "options": {"A": "第一期（stage I）", "B": "第二期（stage II）", "C": "第三期（stage III）", "D": "第四期（stage IV）"}, "answer": "第三期（stage III）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "20 歲男性，在進行大腸鏡檢查時發現數以千計的瘜肉，有關此病人的敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此病為體染色體隱性遺傳", "B": "此病人很可能有 APC 基因突變", "C": "如果不治療，90%以上的病人會發生大腸癌", "D": "此病常見 β-catenin 途徑不正常活化"}, "answer": "此病為體染色體隱性遺傳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關支配腮腺（parotid gland）之神經纖維的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "來自於第七顱神經之副交感神經纖維 \t", "B": "其節前纖維經由岩大神經（greater petrosal nerve）傳遞", "C": "其節前纖維穿過卵圓孔（foramen ovale）至顱外", "D": "其節後纖維經由面神經（facial nerve）伴行至腮腺"}, "answer": "其節前纖維穿過卵圓孔（foramen ovale）至顱外", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於 Dopamine 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Dopamine 會抑制泌乳激素（prolactin）的分泌", "B": "Dopamine 拮抗劑（antagonist）可用來治療肢端肥大症（acromegaly）", "C": "病人初次服用 Dopamine agonist 時，會有噁心、嘔吐、姿勢性低血壓等副作用的發生", "D": "Dopamine agonist 可增加腎血流量"}, "answer": "Dopamine 拮抗劑（antagonist）可用來治療肢端肥大症（acromegaly）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於EB 病毒的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "受EB病毒感染的成⼈，通常會出現帶狀疱疹", "B": "在愛滋病⼈體內，EB病毒主要感染T細胞，造成T細胞的過度增⽣", "C": "在⿐咽癌病⼈⾎液中，會偵測到抗EB病毒蛋⽩質的抗體⼒價上升", "D": "EB病毒感染B細胞之後，會進入潛伏狀態，完全不表現任何病毒RNA或蛋⽩質，以躲避免疫系統攻擊"}, "answer": "在⿐咽癌病⼈⾎液中，會偵測到抗EB病毒蛋⽩質的抗體⼒價上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "以下何者是胸腰椎骨折手術的最適當時機？", "options": {"A": "應立即緊急手術 \t", "B": "當身體狀況穩定，可以接受手術時，儘快手術", "C": "一週後 \t", "D": "兩週後"}, "answer": "當身體狀況穩定，可以接受手術時，儘快手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位55歲男性來到急診，主訴膀胱脹，頻尿，但是尿不出來，用力也只能擠出3至5毫升的尿，急診的值班醫師欲為其導尿，下列何者最不可能或最不適當？", "options": {"A": "如果導出500毫升尿液，病人可能是前列腺肥大，造成急性尿滯留（acute urinary retention）", "B": "病人得了急性膀胱炎，需要導尿，取得尿液做細菌培養", "C": "如果病人有發燒，小便疼痛，可能得了急性前列腺炎，最好不要導尿，可以先做下腹部超音波掃描", "D": "如果只導出10毫升的尿液，身體檢查下腹部也不脹，病人可能有輸尿管末端（UVJ）結石"}, "answer": "病人得了急性膀胱炎，需要導尿，取得尿液做細菌培養", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關唾液腺的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "舌下腺（sublingual gland）的管道系統在大型唾液腺中最為發達", "B": "頜下腺（submandibular gland）是混合型腺體，主要為黏液腺（mostly mucus-secreting）", "C": "舌下腺（sublingual gland）是混合型腺體，主要為漿液腺（mostly serous）", "D": "耳下腺（parotid gland）是純漿液腺（completely serous）"}, "answer": "耳下腺（parotid gland）是純漿液腺（completely serous）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲女性病人，腹脹食慾不振來求診，經檢查發現有兩側卵巢實質腫瘤，合併少量腹水，其乳房攝影為正常，甲狀腺左側有結節，胃鏡懷疑為惡性的潰瘍。下列何者為卵巢腫瘤最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "類癌（carcinoid）", "B": "甲狀腺腫狀卵巢瘤（struma ovarii）", "C": "Krukenberg 氏腫瘤（Krukenberg tumor）", "D": "Brenner 氏腫瘤（Brenner tumor）"}, "answer": "Krukenberg 氏腫瘤（Krukenberg tumor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於單核吞噬細胞系統（mononuclear phagocytotic system）？", "options": {"A": "組織細胞（histiocytes）", "B": "破骨細胞（osteoclasts）", "C": "肥大細胞（mast cells）", "D": "庫弗氏細胞（Kupffer cells）"}, "answer": "肥大細胞（mast cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲婦人左乳頭有血狀分泌物（bloody discharge），以下何種處置比較不適合？", "options": {"A": "ultrasound", "B": "discharge cytology", "C": "ductography", "D": "serum prolactin"}, "answer": "serum prolactin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關人類正常月經週期（menstrual cycle）中黃體期之敘述，下列何者最不恰當？", "options": {"A": "progesterone抑制myometrial contraction", "B": "estrogen抑制anterior pituitary中FSH和LH的分泌", "C": "progesterone抑制anterior pituitary中FSH和LH的分泌", "D": "progesterone促進許多濾泡的生成"}, "answer": "progesterone促進許多濾泡的生成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "國際旅遊日益普遍，如何有效防止傳染性疾病的擴散是一重要議題，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "在港埠進行檢疫與隔離，是違反人權的措施", "B": "旅客應避免飲用可能被污染的食物或飲料，但不包含冰塊", "C": "對於擬前往黃熱病（yellow fever）盛行地區的遊客，應事先注射疫苗", "D": "對於擬前往瘧疾（malaria）盛行地區的遊客，應事先注射疫苗正確？"}, "answer": "對於擬前往黃熱病（yellow fever）盛行地區的遊客，應事先注射疫苗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "換氣過度（hyperventilation）不會導致以下何種變化？", "options": {"A": "hypocapnia \t", "B": "alkalosis", "C": "bradycardia \t", "D": "increased cerebrovascular resistance"}, "answer": "bradycardia \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "惡性瘧原蟲對何種貧血者的侵襲危險性較正常人為低？", "options": {"A": "缺鐵性貧血", "B": "鐮刀形血球性貧血", "C": "維生素 B12缺乏性貧血", "D": "葉酸缺乏性貧血"}, "answer": "鐮刀形血球性貧血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "病人被化學藥物 phenol 造成灼傷，有關 phenol 灼傷的特性，下列何者最為適當？", "options": {"A": "Phenol 是屬於強鹼性毒物，會造成急性腎衰竭", "B": "強鹼性的刺激與呼吸道的灼傷，會引起呼吸衰竭", "C": "對於心臟功能而言，phenol 的影響較不重要", "D": "病人也經常會發生心律不整"}, "answer": "病人也經常會發生心律不整", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲女性患者，因例行身體檢查發現有胸部 X 光片異常（如附圖），下列何種檢查對於患者病灶之確定診斷最有幫助？", "options": {"A": "肋膜切片檢查 \t", "B": "支氣管鏡檢查", "C": "超音波檢查", "D": "縱膈腔鏡檢查"}, "answer": "縱膈腔鏡檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "高血壓的病患，於眼底檢查時，若看到視神經盤水腫（disc swelling），是屬於第幾度高血壓視網膜病變（hypertensive retinopathy）？", "options": {"A": "第一度（Grade 1）", "B": "第二度（Grade 2）", "C": "第三度（Grade 3）", "D": "第四度（Grade 4）"}, "answer": "第四度（Grade 4）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位長期喝酒之50歲男性患者因酒醉車禍骨折住院，住院前每天都喝500毫升以上酒精濃度30%以上的酒，為準備手術故暫停所有藥物及酒精，腦部電腦斷層掃描（CT scan）結果正常。但住院隔天開始出現顫抖、\t、血壓增高、心跳變快、煩躁失眠、手抖與視幻覺，下\t敘述何者最恰當？", "options": {"A": "為預防癲癇發作，要馬上給予抗癲癇藥物", "B": "經評估後，可投以苯二氮平\t藥物（benzodiazepines）", "C": "會自行好轉，觀察即可，不需要特別處置", "D": "為達到鎮靜效果，第一線用藥為抗精神病藥物"}, "answer": "經評估後，可投以苯二氮平\t藥物（benzodiazepines）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "張姓學生，國中 2 年級，近半年來，成績很快下滑。另外臉部表情也減少，四肢比較僵硬，手部稍微顫抖，動作也變得緩慢，連走路也變得慢吞吞。理學檢查及神經學檢查類似帕金森現象。首先須考慮之疾病是：", "options": {"A": "帕金森症（Parkinson's disease）", "B": "威爾遜氏病（Wilson's disease）", "C": "脊髓小腦萎縮症（Spinocerebellar atrophy）", "D": "瀨川氏病（Segawa's disease）"}, "answer": "威爾遜氏病（Wilson's disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 79 歲患者是老菸槍，平常的肺功能為FEV1/FVC = 0.6，FEV1 = 36% 預期值，有輕微發燒，咳嗽有黃痰，呼吸困難且有cyanosis；則其最有可能之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation complicated with respiratory failure", "B": "Severe asthma with respiratory failure", "C": "Myocardial infarction", "D": "Pneumonia"}, "answer": "Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation complicated with respiratory failure", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "35歲的王太太在懷孕第7個月時，經超音波檢查，發現胎兒是無腦兒，因為無腦兒沒有存活的機會，王家夫妻表明要放棄治療。王太太在第38週時產下一無腦男嬰，出生還有心跳呼吸，下列何者是最佳處置？", "options": {"A": "尊重父母意見，不必給予維生治療", "B": "應該轉嬰兒室，給予氧氣與點滴輸液", "C": "抽血\t染色體後才能放棄急救", "D": "立即轉送加護病房使用呼吸器"}, "answer": "尊重父母意見，不必給予維生治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "二次侵襲率主要用以測量下列何種疾病分布狀況？", "options": {"A": "暴露於特定病原後而罹患疾病之個案分布", "B": "接觸罹病個案後而染病之個案分布", "C": "暴露於特定病原後而罹患疾病者於群體之百分比", "D": "接觸罹病個案後染病者於所有接觸罹病個案之百分比"}, "answer": "接觸罹病個案後染病者於所有接觸罹病個案之百分比", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關耳帶狀疱疹感染（herpes zoster oticus, Ramsay Hunt syndrome）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "為單純疱疹病毒（herpes simplex virus，HSV）感染顏面神經所致", "B": "一開始為膝狀神經節（geniculate ganglion）之感染，後漫延至整個顏面神經", "C": "72小時內使用類固醇及抗病毒藥物acyclovir，對顏面神經功能之恢復並無幫助", "D": "顏面神經減壓手術（facial nerve decompression）是常用的治療方法"}, "answer": "一開始為膝狀神經節（geniculate ganglion）之感染，後漫延至整個顏面神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "限制酵素可以切割 DNA，它不可以用於下列何者用途？", "options": {"A": "診斷鐮刀型貧血 \t", "B": "重組 DNA \t", "C": "南方點墨法（Southern blot）", "D": "診斷懷孕"}, "answer": "診斷懷孕", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一歲小孩自6個月大起，發生數次大哭後面色發黑，並喪失意識，數秒後清醒正常，身體診察無明顯異常，最常見之疾病為何？", "options": {"A": "屏氣發作（Breath-holding spell）", "B": "先天性心臟病（Congenital heart disease）", "C": "過度換氣症候群（Hyperventilation syndrome）", "D": "失神發作（Absence attack）"}, "answer": "屏氣發作（Breath-holding spell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種人體寄生蟲感染，會因為肛門搔癢干擾睡眠而對發育中的小孩造成間接性傷害？", "options": {"A": "菲律賓毛線蟲（Capillaria philippinensis）", "B": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）", "C": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "D": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis） 77 下列關於曼森血吸蟲（Schistosoma mansoni）的敘述，何者正確？"}, "answer": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列身體水腫（edema）與積液的情況中，何者致病機制與其他三者不同？", "options": {"A": "血絲蟲感染引起的象皮病（elephantiasis）", "B": "乳糜胸（chylothorax）", "C": "乳癌病患接受乳房切除與腋下淋巴結清除後引起的上肢水腫", "D": "肺梗塞（lung infarct）引起的肋膜積水（pleural effusion）"}, "answer": "肺梗塞（lung infarct）引起的肋膜積水（pleural effusion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "光線照射視網膜的感光受器（photoreceptor）會使其發生過極化，而減少何種傳導物質之釋放，進而抑制雙極細胞（bipolar cell）？", "options": {"A": "γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）", "B": "glutamate", "C": "glycine \t", "D": "melatonin"}, "answer": "glutamate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "28 歲的楊小姐，因為有恐慌發作（panic attack）前來就醫，下列何者最不可能是她的症狀？", "options": {"A": "心悸", "B": "喉頭異物感", "C": "胸悶", "D": "失去定向感"}, "answer": "失去定向感", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位年輕男性在頭部外傷一星期後，出現左眼凸出及視力模糊的狀況，結膜有血管怒張表現，病人自覺腦中會聽見咻咻聲（whooshing noise），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此表現乃因外頸動脈直接和海綿竇之間形成不正常的瘻管（fistula）", "B": "可能會伴隨眼肌麻痺（ophthalmoplegia），最常見為第三對腦神經被影響", "C": "電腦斷層檢查常呈現上眼靜脈擴張（dilation of superior ophthalmic vein）", "D": "常伴隨玻璃體出血及視網膜剝離"}, "answer": "電腦斷層檢查常呈現上眼靜脈擴張（dilation of superior ophthalmic vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何種治療對於改善該病人之臨床症狀最無幫助？", "options": {"A": "聲帶注射填充（injection augmentation）", "B": "內移式甲狀軟骨成型術（medialization thyroplasty）", "C": "懸雍垂軟腭咽喉成型術（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty）", "D": "喉返神經接合（reinnervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve）"}, "answer": "懸雍垂軟腭咽喉成型術（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不參與角膜反射（corneal reflex）？", "options": {"A": "三叉神經感覺核", "B": "面神經運動核", "C": "上丘", "D": "三叉神經視枝（ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve）"}, "answer": "上丘", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關開心手術術中的心肌保護，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "心臟一旦停止跳動，需留滯大量血液在腔室內，使含氧血可經由心內膜進入心肌細胞，達到心肌保護的效果", "B": "心肌保護液為高鉀離子之溶液，可降低心肌細胞的代謝", "C": "藉由體外循環的全身血液降溫以及心臟冰浴，可達到心肌保護的效果", "D": "心肌保護液可以藉由順行性或逆行性路徑灌注心肌細胞，兩者皆可達到心肌保護的效果"}, "answer": "心臟一旦停止跳動，需留滯大量血液在腔室內，使含氧血可經由心內膜進入心肌細胞，達到心肌保護的效果", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "中風剛住院的病患，在語言評估時，發現他說話時雖常出現語誤，但聽理解能力與語言表達流暢度尚佳，只不過在單詞覆述、聽寫單詞與朗誦文\t會出現困難，這最可能是以下那一種語言障礙？", "options": {"A": "渥尼克氏失語症（Wernicke aphasia）", "B": "傳導型失語症（conduction aphasia）", "C": "經皮質混合型失語症（transcortical mixed aphasia）", "D": "運動失調型吶吃（ataxic dysarthria）"}, "answer": "傳導型失語症（conduction aphasia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是滲出性肋膜積液（exudative pleural effusion）的常見原因？", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "惡性腫瘤", "C": "胰臟炎", "D": "心臟衰竭"}, "answer": "心臟衰竭", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關腸道細菌的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "廣效型抗生素可殺死腸道細菌，長期使用可保持腸道健康", "B": "腸道的共生細菌（commensal bacteria）對腸道有益", "C": "腸道共生細菌（commensal bacteria）的不同組成與代謝疾病有相關性", "D": "使用免疫抑制劑可能造成腸道嚴重感染"}, "answer": "廣效型抗生素可殺死腸道細菌，長期使用可保持腸道健康", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "上段頸部脊髓之血流，主要來自下列何者？", "options": {"A": "椎動脈（vertebral artery）", "B": "內頸動脈（internal carotid artery）", "C": "外頸動脈（external carotid artery）", "D": "內胸動脈（internal thoracic artery）"}, "answer": "椎動脈（vertebral artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，這種病人受傷的機轉大多為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "過度彎曲損傷（hyper flexion injury）", "B": "過度伸張損傷（hyper extension injury）", "C": "側彎損傷（lateral bending injury）", "D": "壓縮損傷（compression injury）"}, "answer": "過度伸張損傷（hyper extension injury）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "7歲兒童，自一年前起陸續出現清喉嚨的聲音，睡覺時聲音消失，緊張時更明顯，關於此疾病的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "大多發生於女性", "B": "需注意有無合併注意力不集中過動異常（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders）", "C": "需照肺部X光片", "D": "需做腦部影像檢查"}, "answer": "需注意有無合併注意力不集中過動異常（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "由左側開胸手術來結紮開放性動脈導管（Patent Ductus Arteriosus）時，導管之下方常可看到那一條神經環繞過，手術時必須避免傷及它？", "options": {"A": "左側膈神經（Left phrenic nerve）", "B": "左側喉返神經（Left recurrent laryngeal nerve）", "C": "左側迷走神經（Left vagal nerve）", "D": "左側交感神經節（Left sympathetic node）"}, "answer": "左側喉返神經（Left recurrent laryngeal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關肛門的惡性黑色素瘤，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以出現肛門出血的症狀", "B": "五年活存率約 26%或更低", "C": "必為 melanotic，不會是 amelanotic", "D": "腹部會陰切除術（APR）的治療效果不一定比局部切除（local excision）要好"}, "answer": "必為 melanotic，不會是 amelanotic", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一名新生兒外生殖器有性器混淆（ambiguous genitalia）現象，染色體為 46,XX。最不可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "B": "17α-hydroxylase deficiency", "C": "aromatase deficiency", "D": "ovotesticular disorders of sex development"}, "answer": "17α-hydroxylase deficiency", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者為臺灣地區傳播日本腦炎（Japanese B encephalomyelitis）的主要病媒蚊種？", "options": {"A": "埃及斑蚊（Aedes aegypti）", "B": "白線斑蚊（Aedes albopictus）", "C": "熱帶家蚊（Culex fatigans）", "D": "三斑家蚊（Culex tritaeniorhychus）"}, "answer": "三斑家蚊（Culex tritaeniorhychus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病最有可能以如附圖之⽅式遺傳？", "options": {"A": "軟骨發育不全（Achondroplasia）", "B": "庫利⽒貧⾎（Cooley anemia）", "C": "裘馨⽒肌⾁失養症（Duchenne muscular dystrophy）", "D": "結節性硬化症（Tuberous sclerosis complex）"}, "answer": "庫利⽒貧⾎（Cooley anemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "39 一位 57 歲男性病患因為全身倦怠、失眠、食慾不振以及呼吸困難而求診，他有高血壓、糖尿病多 年，正接受胰島素治療，他在門診的血壓是 212/95 mmHg，Hb 9.7 g/dL，BUN 106 mg/dL，creatinine \n 6 mg/dL，albumin 3.2 g/dL，spot urine protein 923 mg/dL，胸部 X-光呈現兩側肋膜積水。最不可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "高血壓危象（hypertensive crisis）", "B": "末期糖尿病腎病變（end-stage diabetic nephropathy）", "C": "急性心衰竭（acute heart failure）", "D": "肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism）"}, "answer": "肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "78.醫療資源之分配，有一種評估方式是依照「調整品質後存活人年」（Quality Adjusted Life Years，簡寫 QALYs）來計算。如果將一個人完全健康之存活1年定義為1QALY，則有疾病之存活1年將少於1QALY。若強調資源使用之效率，則使用同樣的醫療成本，能產生最大的QALY增加量的醫療行為，則是最有效率的醫療行為。然而，下列那些敘述是採用此種資源分配方式可能產生之倫理問題？①老年人因為存活年數較短，\n 比較分配不到資源 ②殘障者之生活品質較不佳，可能比較分配不到資源 ③QALY的概念可以充分實現\n 「拯救他人的義務」（duty to rescue）④注意QALY總產量，比較不注意QALY會累積在那些人身上 \n", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "②③④", "C": "①③④", "D": "①②④"}, "answer": "①②④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "腎功能異常的病人，在長期使用下列何種類鴉片類藥物下，其代謝產物將具有活性且與癲癇發作有關？", "options": {"A": "morphine", "B": "meperidine", "C": "fentanyl", "D": "alfentanil"}, "answer": "morphine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有一研究發現具有AA基因型的病人相較於其他基因型病人，對相同治療藥物的反應較佳，則AA基因型扮演下列何種角色？", "options": {"A": "干擾因子", "B": "拮抗因子", "C": "修飾因子", "D": "分化因子"}, "answer": "修飾因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腹部鈍傷時採用診斷性腹膜沖洗（diagnostic peritoneal lavage）的適應症，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "理學檢查無法判斷的狀況", "B": "脊椎損傷", "C": "有剖腹探查的明顯適應症", "D": "不明原因的休克或是低血壓"}, "answer": "有剖腹探查的明顯適應症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "58 歲從事貿易的楊先生有高血壓，糖尿病，肥胖症，並已抽菸二十多年，由流行病學研究證實下列中風危險因子中，就預防中風的考量，那一種是最重要的？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "抽菸", "C": "高血壓", "D": "肥胖症"}, "answer": "高血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腦性麻痺患者說話常出現母音扭曲（distorted vowels）、嗓音停頓（voice stoppages），此屬於下列何種構音障礙？", "options": {"A": "運動過強型構音障礙（hyperkinetic dysarthria）", "B": "弛緩型構音障礙（flaccid dysarthria）", "C": "運動失調型構音障礙（ataxic dysarthria）", "D": "痙攣型構音障礙（spastic dysarthria）"}, "answer": "運動過強型構音障礙（hyperkinetic dysarthria）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "76.一位38歲男性病人，因突然左耳聽不到任何聲音至急診求診，經診斷為突發性耳聾（sudden hearing loss）。 關於此病之敘述下列何者正確？\n", "options": {"A": "定義為一個月內發生之聽力喪失", "B": "發生機率和年紀無關", "C": "大部分突發性耳聾的原因為原發性（idiopathic）", "D": "腮腺炎已證實和造成此病無關"}, "answer": "大部分突發性耳聾的原因為原發性（idiopathic）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物是經由阻斷 nicotinic receptor 而可治療因手術所引起的惡性高血壓？", "options": {"A": "Atropine", "B": "Trimethaphan", "C": "Cyclopentolate", "D": "Ipratropium"}, "answer": "Trimethaphan", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "先天性 QT 延長症候群（congenital long QT syndrome），最常見的遺傳變異為何？", "options": {"A": "鈉離子通道之突變 \t", "B": "鈣離子通道之突變", "C": "鉀離子通道之突變 \t", "D": "氯離子通道之突變"}, "answer": "鉀離子通道之突變 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "那一條神經穿經中耳腔鎚骨與砧骨之間，中耳手術若傷及，可能引起味覺障礙？", "options": {"A": "鼓索神經（Chorda tympani nerve）", "B": "Jacobson's nerve", "C": "舌神經（Lingual nerve）", "D": "舌下神經（Hypoglossal nerve）"}, "answer": "鼓索神經（Chorda tympani nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "20.有一位急性中風病友四肢完全癱瘓，肌力為0分，也無法說話，但雙眼可依指令睜眼或閉 眼。為此病友評估昏迷指數（Glasgow coma scale）時，運動反應（motor response）之得分為幾分？ \n", "options": {"A": "0", "B": "1", "C": "5", "D": "6"}, "answer": "6", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於通過細胞膜的促進性擴散作用（facilitated diffusion），下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "經由專一性膜蛋白質的作用，降低溶質通過細胞膜的活化能", "B": "經由專一性膜蛋白質的作用，增加擴散性溶質之穿膜濃度梯度的大小", "C": "被運載溶質的極性會影響脂雙層之特性", "D": "細胞利用此機轉運輸氧氣、氮氣或甲烷等氣體通過細胞膜"}, "answer": "經由專一性膜蛋白質的作用，降低溶質通過細胞膜的活化能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "19歲男大學生主訴有兩天的解尿疼痛與尿道口膿樣分泌物, 過去一個月內曾與三位女性有性行為，皆未使用保險\t，尿道分泌物革蘭氏染色鏡檢發現（如圖），這位病患最可能感染何種微生物？", "options": {"A": "Escherichia coli", "B": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "C": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "D": "Haemophilus ducreyi"}, "answer": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關人體試驗相關原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "接受試驗者得隨時撤回其同意", "B": "人體試驗之說明及同意書必須接受研究倫理委員會（REC/IRB）的審查與核准", "C": "雙盲性試驗可不必向對照組之受試者說明研究內涵以確保其參與意願", "D": "提供知情抉擇所需要的資訊時，應以向「具有理性之人（reasonable person）」進行說明作為告知內容的標準"}, "answer": "雙盲性試驗可不必向對照組之受試者說明研究內涵以確保其參與意願", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "右側大腦顳葉之 Meyer's loop 傷害，會造成下列何種損傷？", "options": {"A": "雙眼左上視野缺失", "B": "右眼左上視野缺失", "C": "雙眼外上視野缺失", "D": "雙眼內下視野缺失"}, "answer": "雙眼左上視野缺失", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "8歲男孩罹患麻疹一星期，突然昏迷而死亡。解剖診斷為急性瀰漫性腦脊髓炎（acute disseminated encephalomyelitis），下列有關這種形式腦脊髓炎的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是傳染性疾病", "B": "是髓鞘脫失疾病（demyelinating disease）", "C": "以破壞軸突（axon）為主", "D": "以破壞星狀細胞（astrocyte）為主"}, "answer": "是髓鞘脫失疾病（demyelinating disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種病毒和腸道疾病無關？", "options": {"A": "輪狀病毒（Rotavirus）", "B": "挪瓦克病毒（Norwalk virus）", "C": "小 RNA 病毒（Picornavirus）", "D": "痘病毒（Poxvirus） 54 下面有關愛滋病病毒的敘述那一項是錯誤的？"}, "answer": "痘病毒（Poxvirus） 54 下面有關愛滋病病毒的敘述那一項是錯誤的？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於廢棄物之物理處理？", "options": {"A": "離子交換", "B": "過濾", "C": "浮除", "D": "磁性分離"}, "answer": "離子交換", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "90歲的林奶奶患有血管性的失智症，近日來日夜顛倒，晚上無法睡覺，常常想要開門出去，外勞有時都拉不住，家人感到非常無助，來到門診尋求幫忙。下列有關失智症的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "血管性的失智症是最常見的失智症", "B": "血管性的失智症可能來自於多次中風或大腦白質病變", "C": "初期失智症的病人一定會有記憶力喪失", "D": "失智症的病人如果有行為症狀，需要開立抗精神藥物，不需要行為治療"}, "answer": "血管性的失智症可能來自於多次中風或大腦白質病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於食道癌（esophageal carcinoma），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "95%為腺癌（adenocarcinoma）", "B": "可分為腫塊型、潰瘍型及浸潤型", "C": "早期病灶呈小型斑塊或表淺不規則潰瘍", "D": "Plummer-Vinson氏症候群病患，發生食道癌之機率較常人高"}, "answer": "95%為腺癌（adenocarcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "⾎管能夠直接穿過股骨頸⽣⻑板，供應股骨頭的⾎流之年齡層為：", "options": {"A": "18個⽉以內", "B": "2歲⾄3歲", "C": "5歲⾄8歲", "D": "10歲以後"}, "answer": "18個⽉以內", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關克隆氏病（Crohn disease）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "好發於直腸", "B": "常出現跳躍性病灶（skip lesion）", "C": "病理特徵是非乾酪性肉芽腫（noncaseating granuloma）", "D": "腸道狹窄是常見的併發症"}, "answer": "好發於直腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "使用 ribavirin 治療肝炎之最大副作用為：", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原時間（prothrombin time）延長", "B": "貧血", "C": "白血球減少 \t", "D": "血小板減少"}, "answer": "貧血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關精神疾病的病因分析敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以從前置（predisposing）、誘發（precipitating）、延續（perpetuating）三種因素作時序性的分析", "B": "可以從生理（biological）、心理（psychological）、社會（social）三種面向分析", "C": "先天的基因變異是精神疾病的生理病因之一", "D": "同卵雙胞胎其中之一若罹患思覺失調症（schizophrenia），則另外一位亦罹患此症之機率為100%"}, "answer": "同卵雙胞胎其中之一若罹患思覺失調症（schizophrenia），則另外一位亦罹患此症之機率為100%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 46 歲女性 Asthma 病患，平日使用 MDI combination therapy 控制，每個星期仍會有一次至二次的發作。本次因為壓力型頭痛（tension headache）在開業醫師處就診，醫師給予 Aspirin，病人服用後發生臉部潮紅、流鼻水及呼吸困難加劇的症狀。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Aspirin-sensitive asthma 是可能的診斷", "B": "對這類病人而言，COX-2 inhibitors 是危險的藥物，不可用於病人", "C": "氣喘仍控制不良時，可考慮加入 anti-leukotrienes", "D": "有時病患可能需要施行 Aspirin 減敏治療（desensitization）"}, "answer": "對這類病人而言，COX-2 inhibitors 是危險的藥物，不可用於病人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於過敏病患抽血進行特異性過敏原測試，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "目的是測試血液中的吞噬細胞數目是否正常 \t", "B": "目的是測試血液中的嗜伊紅性白血球細胞數目是否正常", "C": "測試方法是定量白血球對過敏原刺激的分裂反應", "D": "測試方法為偵測對特定抗原的抗體是否存在"}, "answer": "測試方法為偵測對特定抗原的抗體是否存在", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "根據化學性質分析，胺基酸的側鏈大致上可分成五大類，在下列左側三種分類中，其所對應的胺基酸名稱依序應是：", "options": {"A": "a-Ⅲ, b-Ⅱ, c-Ⅳ", "B": "a-Ⅲ, b-Ⅳ, c-Ⅴ", "C": "a-Ⅳ, b-Ⅲ, c-Ⅰ", "D": "a-Ⅳ, b-Ⅱ, c-Ⅴ"}, "answer": "a-Ⅲ, b-Ⅱ, c-Ⅳ", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列藥物中何者之主要臨床副作⽤為類紅斑性狼瘡症狀？", "options": {"A": "sotalol", "B": "disopyramide", "C": "amiodarone", "D": "procainamide"}, "answer": "procainamide", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "47 腎絲球過濾器（Glomerular filtration apparatus）主要是由下列那兩種細胞組成？近絲球細胞（Juxtaglomerular cell） 環間膜細胞（mesangial cell） 足細胞（podocyte） 內皮細胞（endothelial cell） ", "options": {"A": "和", "B": "和", "C": "和", "D": "和"}, "answer": "和", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "王小姐今年30歲，自從15歲起就因憂鬱症狀常進出精神科病房，長期無業靠政府補助及保險金過活，並且有反覆自傷以及作態性自殺的病史。她總認為自己是被家人及朋友所放棄了，長期感到非常空虛。她非常衝動，在一天之內心情常有劇烈變化，因此時常處於非常煩躁的狀態，時而有暴食、衝動購物、開快車的行為。她的朋友都認為，她日常生活與人相處非常極端，時常不是過度理想化，就是過度否定，因此，她的人際關係非常不穩定。依據DSM-IV-TR，王小姐屬於下列何種人格疾患診斷最為恰當？", "options": {"A": "強迫性人格違常（obsessive-compulsive personality disorder）", "B": "依賴性人格違常（dependent personality disorder）", "C": "邊緣性人格違常（borderline personality disorder）", "D": "類分裂性人格違常（schizoid personality disorder）"}, "answer": "邊緣性人格違常（borderline personality disorder）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "厭食症引起無月經症，主要源於何者功能失調？", "options": {"A": "下視丘", "B": "甲狀腺", "C": "卵巢", "D": "子宮"}, "answer": "下視丘", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "因慢性腦中風或腦性麻痺所引起的偏癱步態（hemiparetic gait）不會有下列何項特徵？", "options": {"A": "膝部外翻（genu valgum）", "B": "髖部環繞動作（circumduction）", "C": "上肢協同收縮（co-contraction）", "D": "足部內翻（inversion）"}, "answer": "膝部外翻（genu valgum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位34歲男性病人，因急性上腹痛至急診室求診。病人有長期飲酒史，父親有大腸癌之家族史。身體診察顯示病人無發燒、無腹瀉、無輻射性疼痛，但有輕微冒冷\t，身體向前傾可減輕疼痛，上腹有廣泛性觸痛，無shifting dullness。下列何者並非對此病人所須之第一線血液檢查？", "options": {"A": "ALT（GPT），AST（GOT）", "B": "WBC", "C": "amylase", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位20歲男性，有嚴重多尿的現象。於禁水4小時後，小便滲透壓（osmolality）沒有明顯上升，注射 desmopressin（DDAVP）後，小便滲透壓亦沒有明顯上升，最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "正常", "B": "精神性多尿症", "C": "中樞性尿崩症（central diabetes insipidus）", "D": "腎性尿崩症（nephrogenic diabetes insipidus）"}, "answer": "腎性尿崩症（nephrogenic diabetes insipidus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關腫瘤抗原的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "突變後的self-antigens", "B": "部分是胎兒時期表現的蛋白", "C": "部分是正常的細胞生長因子接受器", "D": "與抗原蛋白質之醣化修飾作用無關"}, "answer": "與抗原蛋白質之醣化修飾作用無關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 38 歲男性，體重 70 kg，騎腳踏車不慎在路口被貨車撞到造成體內出血，送到急診時初步檢查發現收縮壓輕微下降，但脈搏壓（pulse pressure）明顯下降，且脈搏 110 次/分，尿量 25 ml/hr，病人約流失多少血液？", "options": {"A": "＜750 ml", "B": "750～1500 ml", "C": "1600～2000 ml", "D": "2100～3000 ml"}, "answer": "750～1500 ml", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "梅毒（Syphilis）是一種性傳染疾病。下列有關梅毒的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Treponema pallidum 是梅毒的致病原，主要藉由血液培養陽性來診斷梅毒 \t", "B": "初期可以在病患生殖器發現軟性下疳（chancroid），即使不治療也會於 4 至 6 週後自行癒合", "C": "腦脊髓液檢查發現 VDRL 效價上升，可診斷為神經梅毒（neurosyphilis）", "D": "治療以 Penicillin 為主，在給藥後應定期抽血追蹤 TPHA 效價，以決定梅毒是否治療痊癒"}, "answer": "腦脊髓液檢查發現 VDRL 效價上升，可診斷為神經梅毒（neurosyphilis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關脂漏性皮膚炎（seborrheic dermatitis）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Pityrosporum ovale 與脂漏性皮膚炎的發生有關", "B": "脂漏性皮膚炎症狀輕微時僅產生頭皮屑（dandruff）", "C": "新生兒之脂漏性皮膚炎有自行緩解之趨勢", "D": "脂漏性皮膚炎不會發生於軀幹"}, "answer": "脂漏性皮膚炎不會發生於軀幹", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一 39 歲女性病人，車禍受傷被送來急診室，上肢 X 光片如附圖，其診斷應為：", "options": {"A": "radial head fracture \t", "B": "Monteggia fracture", "C": "Galeazzi fracture \t", "D": "Smith fracture"}, "answer": "Monteggia fracture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者為成人常見的前縱膈腔腫瘤？", "options": {"A": "食道腫瘤（esophageal tumor）", "B": "神經性腫瘤（neurogenic tumor）", "C": "胸腺瘤（thymoma）", "D": "支氣管囊腫（bronchogenic cyst）"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤（thymoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "68.一位21歲男大學生因發燒咳嗽五天而就診。無重大疾病史，且不抽菸。症狀一開始是乾咳，逐漸出現稀疏的白色痰。他同時抱怨全身倦怠、頭痛及肌肉酸痛，沒有喉嚨痛、流鼻水等症狀。他有一位室友在五天前有類似的症狀。理學檢查發現體溫39℃，咽喉僅稍為泛紅，肺部可聽到下肺野有一些囉音（rales/crackles），無 其它異常。下列那一處置最適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "可能是病毒感染，自己會好轉，不必作任何檢查", "B": "給予ampicillin治療，不必作任何檢查", "C": "安排胸部電腦斷層檢查，以免誤診", "D": "依臨床發現，安排胸部X光檢查"}, "answer": "依臨床發現，安排胸部X光檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一新生女嬰，因出生時全身被羊皮紙般的薄膜披覆（collodion membrane）而照會皮膚科。身體診查除了眼瞼輕微外翻（ectropion）外，口腔黏膜、頭髮及指甲為正常。經二週的皮膚照護，薄膜逐漸脫落，但患者開始在全身長出許多厚、粗、黑棕色的皮屑，伴隨手腳掌角化。經基因突變分析發現在 TGM1（transglutaminase 1）基因有一 compound heterozygous missense 的突變。此患者最可能罹患下列何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "表皮溶解性過度角化症（epidermolytic hyperkeratosis）", "B": "旋線狀魚鱗癬（ichthyosis linearis circumflexa）", "C": "尋常性魚鱗癬（ichthyosis vulgaris）", "D": "體染色體隱性遺傳層狀魚鱗癬（autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis）"}, "answer": "體染色體隱性遺傳層狀魚鱗癬（autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "目前對這種疾病的新生兒最好的手術方式為何？", "options": {"A": "全腔靜脈肺動脈吻合術（total cavopulmonary connection，TCPC）", "B": "Rastelli 術式", "C": "Jatene 術式（arterial switch operation）", "D": "Norwood 術式"}, "answer": "Jatene 術式（arterial switch operation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位病人因車禍，3個月後來就診，發現有鷹爪手（claw hand），他最有可能是那條神經病變？", "options": {"A": "尺神經", "B": "橈神經", "C": "正中神經", "D": "肌皮神經"}, "answer": "尺神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位男嬰，出生第 10 天開始出現嘔吐症狀，在喝奶後 15 分鐘嘔吐，嘔吐物不含膽汁，blood gas 呈現 metabolic alkalosis。最有可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "gastroesophageal reflux", "B": "infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis", "C": "choledochal cyst \t", "D": "duodenal atresia 11 \t有關滲透壓性腹瀉（osmotic diarrhea），下列敘述何者正確？"}, "answer": "infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於頭顱內會引發痛覺的結構？", "options": {"A": "顱內的大血管（large intracranial vessels）", "B": "軟腦膜（pia matter）", "C": "硬腦膜（dura matter）", "D": "三叉神經（trigeminal nerve）"}, "answer": "軟腦膜（pia matter）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那⼀種激素主要是進入細胞內與其受器（receptor）結合⽽產⽣作⽤？", "options": {"A": "thyroid hormone", "B": "insulin", "C": "growth hormone", "D": "atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP）"}, "answer": "thyroid hormone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "某麻醉科醫師想比較兩種麻醉藥物（舊藥與新藥）的效果，計畫收集採用舊藥 50 人及新藥 50 位病人在麻醉開始後至手術開始時的最小血壓值，麻醉科醫師希望可以偵測到兩組最小血壓值差距到 6 mmHg，下列何者做法可以提升統計假設檢定的檢定力（power）？", "options": {"A": "將檢定的顯\t性水準由 0.05 增加至 0.1", "B": "偵測到兩組最小血壓值差距由 6 mmHg 降低到 3 mmHg", "C": "樣本更改為收集舊藥 40 人及新藥 60 位病人", "D": "樣本更改為收集舊藥 60 人及新藥 40 位病人"}, "answer": "將檢定的顯\t性水準由 0.05 增加至 0.1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者於聽診時隨病人呼吸但會有固定且寬的第二心音分開（widely splitting of S2）？", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣膜閉鎖", "B": "主動脈狹窄", "C": "心室中膈缺損", "D": "心房中膈缺損"}, "answer": "心房中膈缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關第 2 型糖尿病的敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "與肥胖、家族遺傳及基因異常有關", "B": "發病早期可能會有葡萄糖耐性障礙（impaired glucose tolerance）", "C": "病人體內會有胰島素阻抗性，也可能有胰島素分泌不足的現象", "D": "病人於發病時就要靠注射胰島素來維持生命"}, "answer": "病人於發病時就要靠注射胰島素來維持生命", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關妥瑞⽒症（Tourette's disorder）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "須合併有動作抽搐（tic）和聲⾳抽搐", "B": "症狀須在12歲前出現", "C": "可使⽤低劑量的抗精神病藥物（antipsychotics）治療", "D": "男⽣多於女⽣"}, "answer": "症狀須在12歲前出現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關骨盆骨折的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "後骨盆骨折比前骨盆骨折更易流血", "B": "真正因動脈傷害而流血的比率不超過 20%", "C": "後骨盆骨折常因垂直推擠造成（vertical shear mechanism）", "D": "垂直推擠時常造成 inferior gluteal artery 傷害"}, "answer": "垂直推擠時常造成 inferior gluteal artery 傷害", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "79.50歲的李先生糞便潛血呈現陽性反應，到家庭醫學科王醫師門診進行複診。醫師詳細說明大腸鏡與下消化道鋇劑攝影檢查的必要性以及優缺點等，但李先生仍然無法決定是否接受該檢查或是選擇何種檢查，希望王醫師給予專業建議。此時，王醫師不僅詳細的對病人說明，並將自己認為較好的價值與理念與病人分享，並提供選擇建議。請問王醫師與李先生的溝通，是屬於學者 Emanuel所提的那種「醫病關係」模式？ \n", "options": {"A": "父權模式（paternalistic model）", "B": "資訊提供模式（informative model）", "C": "詮釋模式（interpretive model）", "D": "審議模式（deliberative model）"}, "answer": "審議模式（deliberative model）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "70歲男性因為⼼臟衰竭與⼼律不整住院，⼼臟內膜與⼼肌切片（endomyocardial biopsy）顯⽰有粉紅⾊物質沉積於⼼肌細胞之間，這些物質⽤剛果紅（Congo red）染⾊於偏光顯微鏡下呈現蘋果綠的顏⾊；病⼈經檢查沒有惡性腫瘤、慢性發炎疾病、腎臟疾病或是神經病變，下列何者是最可能堆積的物質？", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋⽩（immunoglobulin）", "B": "β2-microglobulin", "C": "transthyretin", "D": "calcitonin"}, "answer": "transthyretin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 85 歲男性，於兩天前發現左側額頭出現皮膚病灶（如圖），並有局部疼痛及眼睛不易打開的現象，下列何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "水痘（chicken pox）", "B": "帶狀疱疹（herpes zoster）", "C": "單純性疱疹（herpes simplex）", "D": "接觸性皮膚炎（contact dermatitis）"}, "answer": "帶狀疱疹（herpes zoster）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列對於支氣管性氣喘的特性敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "支氣管反應過度（hyperresponsiveness）", "B": "陣發性產生呼吸困難、咳嗽或是哮鳴音", "C": "最常見之危險因子（risk factor）是過敏", "D": "因過敏性產生氣喘，常容易發生於40歲以後"}, "answer": "因過敏性產生氣喘，常容易發生於40歲以後", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "葉先生日前參加日本旅遊而食用壽司及生魚片，當日即感覺上腹部疼痛、噁心及輕微嘔吐現象，返國後就醫檢查發現胃部有線狀填充物缺陷（threadlike filling defect），並利用胃鏡鏡檢摘除數條寄生蟲體。依據上述結果，葉先生最可能感染下列何種寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "B": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis spp.）", "C": "菲律賓毛線蟲（Capillaria philippinensis）", "D": "棘顎口線蟲（Gnathostoma spinigerum）"}, "answer": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis spp.）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "淺層手術部位感染（superficial surgical site infections）是發生在手術後幾天之內？", "options": {"A": "3 天", "B": "7 天", "C": "30 天", "D": "1 年"}, "answer": "30 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一個胺基酸可以降解成 pyruvate？", "options": {"A": "alanine", "B": "leucine", "C": "lysine", "D": "tyrosine"}, "answer": "alanine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列粒線體電子傳遞鏈中，那一種酵素參與電子傳遞鏈最後階段的反應？", "options": {"A": "cytochrome oxidase", "B": "succinate dehydrogenase", "C": "ubiquinone:cytochrome c oxidoreductase", "D": "NADH dehydrogenase"}, "answer": "cytochrome oxidase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列對於老年憂鬱症之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "老年人常陳述情緒症狀，而忽略身體症狀 \t", "B": "身體健康問題越多，憂鬱症比率也增加", "C": "被忽略的憂鬱症最大的危險即自殺", "D": "與阿茲海默症比較，老年憂鬱症患者有較清楚的發病時間"}, "answer": "老年人常陳述情緒症狀，而忽略身體症狀 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列各項有關弓形蟲感染症（Toxoplasma infection）之敘述，何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "可經由食入、輸血、或接受器官移植而感染", "B": "免疫功能正常的人感染弓形蟲，通常是沒有症狀", "C": "免疫功能正常成人，有症狀之急性弓形蟲感染的主要臨床表現為頸部淋巴病變", "D": "先天性弓形蟲感染大多是孕婦懷孕過程中再次感染所引發"}, "answer": "先天性弓形蟲感染大多是孕婦懷孕過程中再次感染所引發", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "比例尺度（ratio scale）比等距尺度（interval scale）多了下列何種特性？", "options": {"A": "有次序性", "B": "可比較大小", "C": "有絕對零", "D": "具有等距之差異"}, "answer": "有絕對零", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "白斑患者常合併有其他的自體免疫性疾病，下列何項發生率最高？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "腎上腺疾病", "C": "甲狀腺疾病", "D": "結締組織疾病"}, "answer": "甲狀腺疾病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "葡萄糖經由糖解反應（glycolysis）代謝時，其中間產物甘油醛-3-磷酸（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate）的第 3 個碳是由葡萄糖的第幾個碳所轉變的？", "options": {"A": "碳 3 及碳 4", "B": "碳 2 及碳 5", "C": "碳 1 及碳 6", "D": "碳 1 及碳 2"}, "answer": "碳 1 及碳 6", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲婦女右側乳房有一可動性（movable）表面平滑之硬塊，且無局部皮膚固定及乳頭分泌物的現象，則最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "乳癌（breast cancer）", "B": "乳房膿瘍（breast abscess）", "C": "纖維腺瘤（fibroadenoma）", "D": "管內乳突瘤（intraductal papilloma）"}, "answer": "纖維腺瘤（fibroadenoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "足月胎兒最常見的臀位是：", "options": {"A": "Frank", "B": "Complete", "C": "Incomplete", "D": "Footling"}, "answer": "Frank", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是引起膀胱結石的好發因子？", "options": {"A": "手術穿過膀胱的絲質縫線", "B": "良性前列腺肥大", "C": "高蛋白飲食", "D": "神經性膀胱"}, "answer": "高蛋白飲食", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種自體免疫疾病最容易被發現合併出現在有皮肌炎（Dermatomyositis）的患者身上？", "options": {"A": "紅斑性狼瘡（SLE） \t", "B": "類風濕性關節炎（Rheumatoid arthritis）", "C": "硬皮症（Scleroderma）", "D": "修格連氏症（Sjögren's syndrome）"}, "answer": "硬皮症（Scleroderma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "79.80歲的蘇老先⽣因在家跌倒，右側肱骨骨折，送到醫院急診。在急診時發現他過去病史包括洗腎5年，7年前做過冠狀動脈繞道⼿術，⼼臟科醫師評估起來有較⾼的⼿術風險，但他疼痛難耐，什麼解釋都不想聽，只想趕快接受⼿術治療肱骨骨折。他也不在乎他的家⼈意⾒，反正他就是要接受⼿術，此時主⼑醫師覺得有必要 向他解釋清楚，何者最適當？\n", "options": {"A": "把風險告知蘇老先⽣的家⼈，依照家⼈的意願來判斷是否⼿術", "B": "不管蘇老先⽣聽不聽，跟他解釋過就算盡到義務，再按照他的意願接受⼿術", "C": "評估蘇老先⽣的決定能⼒，若有決定能⼒，在他簽署同意書後遵照他的意願", "D": "若蘇老先⽣無決定能⼒，經你的判斷⼿術符合病⼈最⼤利益，給予蘇老先⽣簽署同意書後可進⾏⼿術"}, "answer": "評估蘇老先⽣的決定能⼒，若有決定能⼒，在他簽署同意書後遵照他的意願", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "女性生育能力與卵巢功能和年紀息息相關，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "20幾歲開始下降", "B": "30幾歲開始下降", "C": "40幾歲開始下降", "D": "50幾歲開始下降"}, "answer": "30幾歲開始下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "平均值為 150，標準差為 15 之常態分布，經過標準化之後的標準差為何？", "options": {"A": "0", "B": "1", "C": "10", "D": "15"}, "answer": "1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "食用未熟之淡水魚類，會感染下列何種人體寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis simplex）", "B": "菲律賓毛線蟲（Capillaria philippinensis）", "C": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "D": "衛氏肺吸蟲（Paragonimus westermani）"}, "answer": "菲律賓毛線蟲（Capillaria philippinensis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "機關團體的集體食物中毒屬於何種流行？", "options": {"A": "共同傳染流行（common source epidemic）", "B": "連鎖傳染流行（progressive epidemic）", "C": "區域性流行（epidemic）", "D": "大流行（pandemic）"}, "answer": "共同傳染流行（common source epidemic）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "黃先生，70 歲，已知有 C 型肝炎 20 年，但無肝硬化，本次因右上腹疼痛和發燒來院急診，腹部超音波檢查發現在肝右葉有一顆 2 公分的高迴音（Hyperechoic）腫瘤和膽囊結石，電腦斷層顯示肝腫瘤呈棉絮狀（Cotton wool）顯影。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "症狀可能和膽囊結石有關", "B": "可能為肝細胞癌，應儘早開刀處置", "C": "肝腫瘤可能為血管瘤，與臨床症狀無關，建議密切觀察即可", "D": "應加作胎兒蛋白和其他影像學檢查以確立診斷"}, "answer": "可能為肝細胞癌，應儘早開刀處置", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "沿腋中線在第 9 肋間作胸腔穿刺，針尖所在的位置是：", "options": {"A": "肺門（hilum of the lung）", "B": "心切痕（cardiac notch）", "C": "肋橫膈隱窩（costodiaphragmatic recess）", "D": "肋縱膈隱窩（costomediastinal recess）"}, "answer": "肋橫膈隱窩（costodiaphragmatic recess）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "2.對受到禽型分枝桿菌群（Mycobacterium avium Complex, MAC）感染的病患，建議使⽤下列那⼀種藥物合併 ⼄胺丁醇（ethambutol）及利福布丁（rifabutin）進⾏治療？\n", "options": {"A": "阿奇黴素（azithromycin）", "B": "硝基甲嘧唑⼄醇（metronidazole）", "C": "克拉維酸（clavulanic acid）", "D": "棘⽩菌素（echinocandin）"}, "answer": "阿奇黴素（azithromycin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "以靜脈注射 nitroglycerin 治療 ST 陡昇之急性心肌梗塞（acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction）的適應症，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "不適用於最初 24－48 小時之急性心肌梗塞症", "B": "伴發急性心臟衰竭", "C": "急性下壁心肌梗塞 \t", "D": "伴有嚴重低血壓"}, "answer": "伴發急性心臟衰竭", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關肉毒桿菌毒素治療腦性麻痺患者肌肉痙攣的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "具有永久性的療效", "B": "屬於局部性的治療", "C": "作用於神經末梢可抑制乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）的釋放", "D": "屬於肌肉注射"}, "answer": "具有永久性的療效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於病患的疼痛解除原則，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "非癌症疼痛的病人若有慢性疼痛，醫師絕對不可以使用opioids來控制其疼痛", "B": "疼痛的解除是病人的基本人權", "C": "有藥物濫用病史的病人若有疼痛需先照會精神科醫師後，才可處理", "D": "癌症病人若有需要使用opioids來緩解疼痛，劑量應愈少愈好，以免病人上癮"}, "answer": "疼痛的解除是病人的基本人權", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞表面分子會對活化的 T 細胞提供抑制的訊息？", "options": {"A": "CD28", "B": "CTLA-4", "C": "LFA-1", "D": "ICAM-1"}, "answer": "CTLA-4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性肝硬化患者，有食道靜脈瘤出血病史。因吐血被送至急診，經急救後血壓暫時穩定，但呈現肝昏迷且無法溝通，同時有黃疸及腹水。血液氨濃度增高。以下之各項處置那一項最不恰當？", "options": {"A": "endoscopy with variceal banding", "B": "octreotide", "C": "proton pump inhibitor", "D": "transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt"}, "answer": "transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物會抑制甲狀腺素的釋放（release）？", "options": {"A": "Iopanoate", "B": "Methimazole", "C": "Glucocorticoids", "D": "Lithium"}, "answer": "Lithium", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在先天性聽力損失的症候群中，下列那一種會伴有心電圖上prolonged Q-T interval而可能造成幼兒猝死？", "options": {"A": "Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome", "B": "Pendred syndrome", "C": "Usher syndrome", "D": "Waardenburg syndrome"}, "answer": "Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 68 歲女性，過去除了有糖尿病外無其他全身性疾病。最近因為胃痛接受內視鏡檢查，結果發現胃前庭有一潰瘍，周邊黏膜增厚，切片病理檢查顯示為黏膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤（lymphoma of MALT type），幽門桿菌（H. pylori）陽性；其他器官組織未被侵犯。對此位女性最適當的治療為何？", "options": {"A": "subtotal gastrectomy \t", "B": "local irradiation", "C": "eradication of H. pylori", "D": "systemic chemotherapy"}, "answer": "eradication of H. pylori", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一個胺基酸可以代謝成 Succinyl-CoA？", "options": {"A": "Histidine", "B": "Alanine", "C": "Proline", "D": "Valine"}, "answer": "Valine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "胰臟β細胞的細胞膜表面是那一種葡萄糖轉運蛋白（glucose transporter, GLUT）負責將葡萄糖導入細胞內？", "options": {"A": "GLUT1", "B": "GLUT2", "C": "GLUT3", "D": "GLUT4"}, "answer": "GLUT2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於胰島素在數秒內會產生的急性作用？", "options": {"A": "刺激胰島素敏感性細胞合成蛋白質作用", "B": "增加胰島素敏感性細胞對葡萄糖的吸收作用", "C": "增加鉀離子進入胰島素敏感性細胞內", "D": "增加胰島素敏感性細胞的胺基酸吸收作用"}, "answer": "刺激胰島素敏感性細胞合成蛋白質作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種檢查為診斷食道弛緩不能（achalasia）的golden standard？", "options": {"A": "double-contrast esophagography", "B": "上消化道內視鏡檢查（upper gastrointestinal endoscopy）", "C": "食道壓測試（manometry）", "D": "ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring"}, "answer": "食道壓測試（manometry）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，S/D ratio為 2.5，檢查結果為何？", "options": {"A": "absent end diastolic velocity", "B": "reversed end diastolic velocity", "C": "non-reactive", "D": "normal"}, "answer": "normal", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "李太太因糖尿病合併腎衰竭接受血液透析多年，三年前接受丈夫捐贈的腎臟進行移植。現因 C 型肝炎合併肝硬化及肝衰竭等待肝臟移植，李先生又成為活體捐贈的候選人。在評估李先生是否合適作為捐贈者，除了身體狀況外，下列心理及社會因素中何者非為主要的考量因素？", "options": {"A": "李先生對手術本質的了解和捐贈的意願 \t", "B": "李太太對丈夫的一再犧牲是否深受壓力", "C": "除李先生之外是否還有其他人可以捐贈 \t", "D": "李先生的父母是否同意"}, "answer": "李先生的父母是否同意", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關脂多醣（lipopolysaccharide）的敘述，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "一般都是革蘭氏陽性（Gram positive）細菌的結構", "B": "和宿主巨噬細胞表面的 CD16 分子結合", "C": "也會刺激宿主細胞表面的 Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）分子", "D": "主要刺激宿主的 T 細胞分泌 TNF-α與 IL-1"}, "answer": "也會刺激宿主細胞表面的 Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）分子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一項疾病的發病機轉與第一型過敏反應最相關？", "options": {"A": "過敏性氣喘（allergic asthma）", "B": "阿瑟氏反應（Arthus reaction）", "C": "溶血性貧血（hemolytic anemia）", "D": "血清病（serum sickness）"}, "answer": "過敏性氣喘（allergic asthma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關cerebellum的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "cerebellar cortex依細胞分布及結構分為molecular layer、Purkinje cell layer與granule cell layer三層", "B": "有關cerebellum之神經訊息傳導，由climbing fibers與mossy fibers負責訊息傳出，deep", "C": "spinocerebellar pathway主要功能為協調身體遠端肌肉（例如手與手指）運動", "D": "vestibulocerebellar pathway接受大量來自vestibular apparatus及vestibular nuclei之訊息，其功能與維持身體的動態平衡有密切關係"}, "answer": "有關cerebellum之神經訊息傳導，由climbing fibers與mossy fibers負責訊息傳出，deep", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有研究者報導其臨床試驗結果，實驗組的受試者感染率為 10%，安慰劑組感染率為 13%，兩組感染率差異的 95%信賴區間為-2.6%至 8.6%，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "兩組的差異達統計顯著", "B": "兩組的差異未達統計顯著", "C": "應該採用變異數分析", "D": "應該採用 t 檢定"}, "answer": "兩組的差異未達統計顯著", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有一婦女發覺右側乳頭出血，但没摸到乳房腫塊，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "乳癌的可能性達 40%", "B": "最可能是侵襲性腺管乳癌（invasive ductal carcinoma）", "C": "最可能是良性乳管內乳突瘤（intraductal papilloma）", "D": "最可能是乳房發炎"}, "answer": "最可能是良性乳管內乳突瘤（intraductal papilloma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "50歲女性，診斷為子宮內膜癌，接受手術，術後病理報告發現癌細胞在子宮肌肉層的侵犯少於1/2，其他部分的病理標本，包含子宮頸、兩側卵巢輸卵管、骨盆腔淋巴結等都沒有發現癌細胞，則依據FIGO（International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics）子宮內膜癌分期法，是屬於第幾期？", "options": {"A": "stage Ia", "B": "stage Ib", "C": "stage Ic", "D": "stage IIa"}, "answer": "stage Ia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "40 歲男性，因甲狀腺腫塊至門診求診，下列何種檢查結果顯示惡性腫瘤機會較低？", "options": {"A": "腫塊較硬且不易移動 \t", "B": "5 公分大，無局部壓痛，且近期有快速成長", "C": "抽血檢查呈甲狀腺功能過高", "D": "核醫掃描檢查呈現冷結節"}, "answer": "抽血檢查呈甲狀腺功能過高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種檢查對診斷嬰幼兒的膽道閉鎖最沒有幫忙？", "options": {"A": "經皮穿肝膽道攝影（percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography） \t", "B": "肝切片（liver biopsy）", "C": "腹部超音波（abdominal sonography）", "D": "核醫 Tc99m IDA 掃描"}, "answer": "經皮穿肝膽道攝影（percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "嬰幼兒施打破傷風類毒素疫苗後產生免疫保護時，會啟動特異性免疫反應並且有長期的免疫記憶。這項免疫反應主要是由下列那一種免疫細胞間的互動所引發的？", "options": {"A": "樹突細胞（dendritic cells）藉由MHC class I分子和CD4 T cells進行非抗原特異性結合", "B": "巨噬細胞（macrophages）藉由MHC class I分子和CD8 T cells進行非抗原特異性結合", "C": "樹突細胞藉由MHC class II分子和CD4 T cells進行抗原特異性結合", "D": "巨噬細胞藉由MHC class II分子和CD8 T cells進行抗原特異性結合"}, "answer": "樹突細胞藉由MHC class II分子和CD4 T cells進行抗原特異性結合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於病毒與其引起之疾病的敘述，何者為錯？", "options": {"A": "狂犬病毒（Rabies virus）可引起恐水症（hydrophobia） \t", "B": "B 型克沙奇病毒（Coxsackie B virus）可引起胸膜痛（pleurodynia）", "C": "輪狀病毒（Rotavirus）可引起嬰兒腹瀉（infantile diarrhea）", "D": "A 型克沙奇病毒（Coxsackie A virus）可引起出血熱併腎症候群（hemorrhagic fever with renal"}, "answer": "A 型克沙奇病毒（Coxsackie A virus）可引起出血熱併腎症候群（hemorrhagic fever with renal", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Corpus callosum之血流主要來自下列何者？", "options": {"A": "前大腦動脈（anterior cerebral artery）", "B": "中大腦動脈（middle cerebral artery）", "C": "基底動脈（basilar artery）", "D": "前脈絡叢動脈（anterior choroidal artery）"}, "answer": "前大腦動脈（anterior cerebral artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一名 60 歲患有糖尿病的農夫在夏季豪雨過後下田整理農地，三天後出現發燒和倦怠，送醫就診發現有輕微肺炎症狀。由其血液檢體分離出一株革蘭氏陰性、不發酵醣類的桿菌。下列何者最有可能是這名農夫所罹患的感染症？", "options": {"A": "炭疽病（anthrax） \t", "B": "破傷風（tetanus） \t", "C": "傷寒（enteric fever） \t", "D": "類鼻疽（melioidosis）"}, "answer": "類鼻疽（melioidosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲老人走路跌倒，造成頸部疼痛，頸部 X 光檢查沒有骨折或脫位。理學檢查患者上肢無力，無法自行進食；下肢肌肉張力增強，但還可走路。下列何種診斷最為可能？", "options": {"A": "中央脊髓症候群（central cord syndrome）", "B": "布朗史夸德症候群（Brown-Séquard syndrome）", "C": "前脊髓症候群（anterior cord syndrome）", "D": "馬尾症候群（cauda equina syndrome）"}, "answer": "中央脊髓症候群（central cord syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲女性，在教訓兒子中突然出現話講不出來的現象，如果此病能排除生理疾病，則下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "90～100%的病人初始症狀在幾天以後或一個月之內就會復原", "B": "因而能得到照顧、關心，這是一種初級收穫（primary gain）", "C": "原因來自心理衝突，因而轉化成另一種身分", "D": "患者會極度焦慮，希望快點回復"}, "answer": "90～100%的病人初始症狀在幾天以後或一個月之內就會復原", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "如未經運動測試，以臨床狀況訂定運動強度時，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "心肌梗塞後，以休息心跳加20次以內為限", "B": "繞道手術後，以休息心跳加30次以內為限", "C": "穩定性心絞痛病患，無接受手術或心導管計畫者，若胸悶出現，應立即停止運動 \t", "D": "下肢動脈阻塞（peripheral arterial occlusive disease）病患，下肢開始出現疼痛時，應立即停止運動"}, "answer": "下肢動脈阻塞（peripheral arterial occlusive disease）病患，下肢開始出現疼痛時，應立即停止運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "張先生 46 歲，有擴大型心肌病多年，左心室射出分率（ejection fraction）34%，至急診處，經投予靜脈注射利尿劑 furosemide 治療，情況大為改善。furosemide 類的 loop 利尿劑治療肺水腫之效果，何者不正確？", "options": {"A": "因降低左心室前負擔（preload）而改善肺充血", "B": "可能引起電解質不平衡之副作用", "C": "可以增加每次心跳排出量（stroke volume）", "D": "可能引起痛風"}, "answer": "可以增加每次心跳排出量（stroke volume）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "降鈣素（calcitonin）是由那一種腺體分泌？", "options": {"A": "腎上腺", "B": "甲狀腺", "C": "副甲狀腺", "D": "腦下腺"}, "answer": "甲狀腺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者最具有刺激胃黏膜增⽣（growth of the gastric mucosa）的功能？", "options": {"A": "膽囊收縮素（cholecystokinin）", "B": "胃泌素（gastrin）", "C": "運動素（motilin）", "D": "胰泌素（secretin）"}, "answer": "胃泌素（gastrin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於精神分裂症，下列那一項之說法錯誤？", "options": {"A": "目前原因不明 \t", "B": "可能出現強迫症狀", "C": "可能出現憂鬱症狀 \t", "D": "發病年齡越早，預後越好"}, "answer": "發病年齡越早，預後越好", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於 Actinomycosis 的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Actinomyces israelii 是屬於嗜氧的革蘭氏陽性菌", "B": "腹腔是最常見的感染部位", "C": "Sulfur granules 是典型的組織病理變化", "D": "以 Penicillin 治療 1～2 週，即可治癒"}, "answer": "Sulfur granules 是典型的組織病理變化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 Cushing 氏症候群的病因？", "options": {"A": "肺小細胞癌", "B": "腦垂前葉腺瘤", "C": "腎上腺皮質增生", "D": "腎上腺髓質增生"}, "answer": "腎上腺髓質增生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何者不宜用來處理破傷風病人？", "options": {"A": "給予破傷風抗毒素 \t", "B": "擴創術（debridement） \t", "C": "給予青黴素（penicillin）", "D": "給予破傷風疫苗"}, "answer": "給予青黴素（penicillin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關黏液浮腫（myxedema）的敘述，何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "發生於甲狀腺機能不足的成人或較大的孩童", "B": "皮膚、皮下或某些內臟貯積glycosaminoglycans及hyaluronic acid", "C": "所有病人的血清TSH均上升", "D": "所有病人的血清T4下降"}, "answer": "所有病人的血清TSH均上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，若影像學評估是可切除的（Resectable），而且無發現有其他轉移病灶（No evidence of metastasis），那一種處理應優先考慮？", "options": {"A": "Stent and chemotherapy", "B": "Local excision and radiotherapy", "C": "Whipple procedure \t", "D": "Radiotherapy"}, "answer": "Whipple procedure \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "胚胎早期發育時，下列何者最早出現？", "options": {"A": "羊膜腔（amniotic cavity）", "B": "囊胚腔（blastocyst cavity）", "C": "初級卵黃囊（primary yolk sac）", "D": "絨毛膜腔（chorionic cavity）"}, "answer": "囊胚腔（blastocyst cavity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "6 一位年輕女性服用含中草藥之減肥藥後腎功能受損，經檢驗，其所服用之中草藥含馬兜鈴酸 （aristolochic acid），下列敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "腎功能變壞的速率較膜性腎病（membranous nephropathy）為快", "B": "病理切片顯示腎間質纖維化但細胞浸潤（cellular infiltration）不多", "C": "貧血較其他腎病輕微", "D": "此病人得到泌尿道惡性腫瘤之機會增加"}, "answer": "貧血較其他腎病輕微", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者通常與杜氏利什曼原蟲（Leishmania donovani）之感染症無關？", "options": {"A": "貧血 \t", "B": "肝脾腫大 \t", "C": "黑熱病 \t", "D": "東方癤（oriental sore）"}, "answer": "東方癤（oriental sore）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "33 承上題，真真接受了全血球計數及一般生化檢查，白血球 11.2 K/µL，血小板 67 K/µL，血紅素 10.3 g/dL， U/L，ALT 180 U/L，LDH 950 U/L；休息後重測一次血壓為 160/110 mmHg，且頭痛欲裂，進一步超音波臍帶動脈都卜勒檢查發現如下。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "真真的情形符合 HELLP 症候群", "B": "真真的胎兒有嚴重胎內成長遲滯的情形（fetal growth restriction）", "C": "真真的血液中 soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1（sFlt1）及 placental growth factor（PLGF）的數量與生物可利用性（bioavailability）皆較一般孕婦為高", "D": "真真的情形已符合嚴重子癎前症（severe preeclampsia），需要立刻進一步處置"}, "answer": "真真的情形已符合嚴重子癎前症（severe preeclampsia），需要立刻進一步處置", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關急性鼻竇炎的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可使用類固醇鼻內噴劑以減輕症狀", "B": "病毒感染或過敏性鼻炎為常見的誘發因素", "C": "必須使用抗生素治療", "D": "診斷主要是靠病史及理學檢查"}, "answer": "必須使用抗生素治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "第二類型的子宮內膜腺癌與下列何者無關？", "options": {"A": "p53 mutation", "B": "poorly differentiated（grade 3）", "C": "deep myometrial invasion \t", "D": "squamous differentiation"}, "answer": "squamous differentiation", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 6 歲的女生，罹患瀰漫型紅斑性腎炎（diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis），已接受每天口服 30 毫克（30 mg）prednisolone 的治療二個月，最近學校通知要施打疫苗（vaccination），請問下列何者易發生嚴重副作用，不宜施打？", "options": {"A": "Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine", "B": "influenza vaccine", "C": "7-valent pneumococcal vaccine", "D": "measles, mumps and rubella vaccine"}, "answer": "measles, mumps and rubella vaccine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為最常見的頭部外傷產生之顳骨骨折（temporal bone fracture）？", "options": {"A": "縱向骨折（longitudinal fracture）", "B": "橫向骨折（transverse fracture）", "C": "混合性骨折（mixed fracture）", "D": "凹陷性骨折（depressive fracture）"}, "answer": "縱向骨折（longitudinal fracture）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於脛骨開放性骨折的Gustilo classification，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "第I級，開放性骨折，傷口小於1公分", "B": "第II級，開放性骨折，傷口大於1公分，未合併廣泛的軟組織損傷", "C": "第IIIB級，開放性骨折，合併廣泛的軟組織損傷，但軟組織仍足夠覆蓋傷口", "D": "第IIIC級，開放性骨折，合併廣泛的軟組織損傷及任何需要修補的動脈損傷"}, "answer": "第IIIB級，開放性骨折，合併廣泛的軟組織損傷，但軟組織仍足夠覆蓋傷口", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關細菌23S rRNA甲基化（methylation）會導致對下列那種藥物產⽣抗性？", "options": {"A": "慶⼤黴素（Gentamicin）", "B": "磺胺甲基異唑（Sulfamethoxazole）", "C": "四環黴素（Tetracycline）", "D": "克林黴素（Clindamycin）"}, "answer": "克林黴素（Clindamycin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "先天橫膈膜疝氣（congenital diaphragmatic hernia）的嬰兒，其出生須急救的步驟不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "氣管內插管（endotracheal tube）", "B": "面罩（mask）呼吸", "C": "放置胃管 \t", "D": "動脈及靜脈導管"}, "answer": "面罩（mask）呼吸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "郭先生因為罹患大腸癌，而需接受大腸切除手術。為避免併發手術部位感染（surgical site infection），下列何者為靜脈注射抗生素使用之適當時機？", "options": {"A": "不需給予抗生素 \t", "B": "術前三十分鐘至術後三天 \t", "C": "術前三十分鐘至術後五天", "D": "術前三十分鐘"}, "answer": "術前三十分鐘", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "子宮內膜癌的那一種組織類型預後最佳？", "options": {"A": "Clear cell carcinoma \t", "B": "Mucinous carcinoma", "C": "Papillary serous carcinoma", "D": "Endometrioid adenocarcinoma"}, "answer": "Endometrioid adenocarcinoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病因脾臟功能亢進而以脾臟切除（splenectomy）進行治療效果最不彰？", "options": {"A": "遺傳性球型紅血球症（hereditary spherocytosis）", "B": "重型乙型海洋性貧血（β-thalassemia major）", "C": "慢性原發性血小板過低紫斑症（chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura）", "D": "冷凝素疾病（cold agglutinin disease）"}, "answer": "冷凝素疾病（cold agglutinin disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "若病人中風後，溝通能力受損，而且有明顯聽力理解障礙，覆誦困難，口語表達雖然流利，但有明顯找\t困難，以致別人不了解他說的內容，他可能屬於那一種失語症？", "options": {"A": "渥尼克氏失語症（Wernicke aphasia）", "B": "經皮質感覺型失語症（transcortical sensory aphasia）", "C": "布洛卡氏失語症（Broca aphasia）", "D": "經皮質運動型失語症（transcortical motor aphasia）"}, "answer": "渥尼克氏失語症（Wernicke aphasia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "肝臟病理組織最常出現 Mallory body 之疾病為何種肝炎？", "options": {"A": "急性 B 型", "B": "急性 D 型", "C": "藥物性", "D": "酒精性"}, "answer": "酒精性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是第一型神經纖維瘤病（Neurofibromatosis type I）的主要臨床表徵？", "options": {"A": "黑色素斑（freckles）出現於非曝曬部位", "B": "多發且大型的 café-au-lait spots", "C": "虹彩膜有 lisch nodules", "D": "指甲周圍或甲下纖維瘤（periungual or subungual fibromas）"}, "answer": "指甲周圍或甲下纖維瘤（periungual or subungual fibromas）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "附圖心臟 CT 影像重組中箭頭所指為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "冠狀靜脈竇（Coronary sinus）", "B": "左前降動脈", "C": "左迴旋動脈", "D": "右冠狀動脈"}, "answer": "右冠狀動脈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列抗癌藥物中，何者可抑制血管內皮生長因子（vascular endothelial growth factor）受體的活化而抑制癌細胞生長及轉移？", "options": {"A": "cetuximab", "B": "erlotinib", "C": "sunitinib", "D": "panitumumab"}, "answer": "sunitinib", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "⼼臟舒張期時的⼼雜⾳（murmur）可由下列何者引起？", "options": {"A": "房室瓣狹窄、主動脈瓣狹窄", "B": "房室瓣閉鎖不全、主動脈瓣閉鎖不全", "C": "房室瓣狹窄、主動脈瓣閉鎖不全", "D": "房室瓣閉鎖不全、主動脈瓣狹窄"}, "answer": "房室瓣狹窄、主動脈瓣閉鎖不全", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "40歲男性發現在龜頭上數個亮紅色表面光滑的斑塊，病理診斷為\"Erythroplasia of Queyrat\"，則應如何向病人解釋此疾病？", "options": {"A": "淋病，須以抗生素治療", "B": "尖頭濕疣（condyloma acuminatum）", "C": "原位癌，出現異生細胞", "D": "梅毒，須以抗生素治療"}, "answer": "原位癌，出現異生細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關敵意（hostility）以及冠狀動脈心臟病的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "依行為模式理論，A 型行為（type A behavior）代表了易怒、不耐煩、急性子，與心肌梗塞和冠狀動脈心臟病的發生率相關", "B": "敵意是 A 型行為的核心成分", "C": "敵意會促進副交感神經的功能", "D": "對心肌梗塞的病人進行團體心理治療以改善其 A 型行為，可以有效地降低死亡率及再梗塞率"}, "answer": "敵意會促進副交感神經的功能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關 heparin 之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "其組成為 sulfated mucopolysaccharide", "B": "具有高負電荷之分子", "C": "需要 antithrombin III 存在下才能發揮最佳活性", "D": "它僅能中和 thrombin 之凝血活性，對於 Xa, XIIa 拮抗作用小"}, "answer": "它僅能中和 thrombin 之凝血活性，對於 Xa, XIIa 拮抗作用小", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "射精管的開口於：", "options": {"A": "儲精囊", "B": "膜部尿道", "C": "陰莖部尿道", "D": "前列腺尿道"}, "answer": "前列腺尿道", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 75 歲男性，有呼吸困難、腳浮腫、上腹及右上腹部脹痛（此症狀在浮腫加劇時更明顯，但使用利尿劑後浮腫減輕時則改善）。理學檢查發現：意識清晰，血壓 106/78 mmHg，脈搏 100 下/每分鐘、規則但強弱交替（大小交替），手腳冰冷，頸靜脈壓上升，左、右心室擴大，第二心音（P2）亢進，在胸骨左下緣有第三度收縮期雜音（吸氣時明顯增強），雙側肺部有瀰漫性囉音，肝明顯腫大但表面平滑並合併壓痛、隨心收縮期搏動。病人無肝病病史，但抽血檢查顯示 AST（GOT）100 U/L，ALT （GPT）60 U/L，total bilirubin 2.9 mg/dL（direct bilirubin 1.5 mg/dL），alkaline phosphatase 98 U/L。下列敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病人之脈搏特徵反映其左心室功能嚴重不良 \t", "B": "病人可能患有嚴重三尖瓣閉鎖不全", "C": "病人可能因肝靜脈／毛細管靜水壓上升而導致肝充血（congested liver）", "D": "此病人可能患有慢性嚴重主動脈閉鎖不全"}, "answer": "此病人可能患有慢性嚴重主動脈閉鎖不全", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，剖腹探查發現為十二指腸潰瘍併穿孔，此時最佳處置為：", "options": {"A": "單純縫合（simple closure） \t", "B": "次全切除手術（subtotal gastrectomy）", "C": "迷走神經幹切除術＋前庭切除術（truncal vagotomy + antrectomy）", "D": "高選擇性迷走神經切除術（highly selective vagotomy）"}, "answer": "單純縫合（simple closure） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "何種寄生蟲之幼蟲會在人體造成神經性囊尾幼蟲症（neurocysticercosis）？", "options": {"A": "有鈎絛蟲（Taenia solium）", "B": "顆粒性包生絛蟲（Echinococcus granulosus）", "C": "短小包膜絛蟲（Hymenolepis nana）", "D": "曼森裂頭絛蟲（Spirometra mansonoides）"}, "answer": "有鈎絛蟲（Taenia solium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "左肺門的肺動脈位在支氣管的：", "options": {"A": "上方", "B": "下方", "C": "前方", "D": "後方"}, "answer": "上方", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "艱難梭菌（Clostridium difficile）感染所造成的疾病之確診係根據下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "由病人糞便中分離到此菌", "B": "在病人糞便中偵測到此菌所分泌的細胞毒素或腸毒素", "C": "由病人血液中分離到此菌", "D": "在病人血清中偵測到此菌所分泌的細胞毒素或腸毒素"}, "answer": "在病人糞便中偵測到此菌所分泌的細胞毒素或腸毒素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲女性病人，因持續咳嗽兩個多月來診，病人無抽菸病史，體重無明顯減輕，胸部電腦斷層如圖一所示，下列何者為最合適的描述？", "options": {"A": "病變位於下肺葉 \t", "B": "為良性病變的機會較大", "C": "每月定期追蹤病患病變大小的變化", "D": "應考慮作診斷性切片"}, "answer": "應考慮作診斷性切片", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病人稱眼見「黑影」或「飛蚊」（floaters），你認為應該在下診斷前先作下列那一方面的眼科檢查？", "options": {"A": "散瞳視網膜檢查 \t", "B": "裂隙燈顯微鏡檢查（slit-lamp microscopy）", "C": "視野盲點檢查 \t", "D": "屈光檢查（retinoscopy / refraction）"}, "answer": "散瞳視網膜檢查 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "空氣污染物除了會對動植物造成影響外，也可能損壞建築物。損毀建築物的原因，最主要是來自下列那一項污染物？", "options": {"A": "CO", "B": "NOx", "C": "O3", "D": "碳氫化物"}, "answer": "NOx", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲在南非工作之男性台商，主訴 3 個月前在一個缺水的沙漠中突然極度口渴、小便量增加、頭暈，曾被送至當地醫院。回到台灣前發現有頻尿、夜尿症狀，且須喝大量冰水。血壓、心跳並無異樣，體重也沒明顯變化。此病例最可能診斷為：", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群", "B": "尿崩症 \t", "C": "攝護腺肥大 \t", "D": "急性腎盂腎炎"}, "answer": "尿崩症 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "67.一位55歲男性，因慢性咳嗽已十幾年而至門診就醫，最近咳嗽症狀加劇，且咳嗽有黏稠、甚至膿痰。他抽菸已35年，每天約需兩包菸，一年前已戒菸。理學檢查發現血壓為160/86 mmHg，脈搏96次/分，身體質量指數（body mass index）為31，說話時有哮鳴聲，胸部X光發現支氣管壁增厚，兩側肺野肺紋增加。下列那一 項肺功能檢查結果，與這位病人無關？ \n", "options": {"A": "殘餘容積（residual volume）減少", "B": "第一秒用力吐氣量（forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1）減少", "C": "第一秒用力吐氣量與肺活量（forced vital capacity, FVC）比值（FEV1/FVC）降低", "D": "肺活量中間50%的用力吐氣流速（FEF25-75）降低"}, "answer": "殘餘容積（residual volume）減少", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在 66 歲男性解剖病例中發現病人心臟瓣膜上有許多小粒的贅生物（vegetations）黏附其上，贅生物純粹為血栓成分並且沒有造成瓣膜發炎或損傷，顯微鏡檢視贅生物也沒有發現其中含有微生物。患者生前並無任何自體免疫疾病的病史。下列何情況最常與這種贅生物的產生有關？", "options": {"A": "Debilitated patients such as those with cancer or sepsis \t", "B": "Intravenous drug-abusers \t", "C": "Libman-Sacks disease", "D": "Acute rheumatic endocarditis"}, "answer": "Debilitated patients such as those with cancer or sepsis \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "組織移植種入身體免疫特區（immunologically privileged sites）時，能夠長期存活，下列那一項不屬於這種免疫特區？", "options": {"A": "大腦", "B": "小腦", "C": "睪丸", "D": "肌肉"}, "answer": "肌肉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "痙攣型腦性麻痺病童最常需要手術矯正的足踝變形是：", "options": {"A": "馬蹄足（equinus deformity）", "B": "高弓足（cavus deformity）", "C": "扁平外翻足（planovalgus deformity）", "D": "大腳指外翻足（hallux valgus）"}, "answer": "馬蹄足（equinus deformity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "林先生因為上腸繫膜動脈血栓（superior mesenteric artery thrombi）併腹膜炎切除大部分小腸，則下列何者不是術後發生短腸症（short bowel syndrome）的危險因子？", "options": {"A": "剩餘小腸長度小於 200 公分", "B": "切除迴盲瓣", "C": "切除空腸 \t", "D": "切除迴腸"}, "answer": "切除空腸 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "31.20歲女性，第⼆性徵發育正常，有性經驗，來⾨診求診，主訴⽉經週期不規則，上次⽉經是兩個⽉前，最先 安排什麼檢驗或檢查，可以得到最關鍵的訊息？\n", "options": {"A": "尿液懷孕試驗", "B": "⾎液荷爾蒙檢查", "C": "骨盆腔超⾳波檢查", "D": "⼦宮鏡"}, "answer": "尿液懷孕試驗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲女性病人，多次人工流產後，月經量變的非常少，子宮鏡檢查如下圖所示，最合適的診斷及治療為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Asherman's syndrome＋觀察及荷爾蒙補充療法", "B": "雙子宮（uterus didelphys）＋觀察及荷爾蒙補充療法", "C": "Asherman's syndrome＋子宮鏡手術切除黏連＋觀察及荷爾蒙補充療法", "D": "雙子宮（uterus didelphys）＋手術切除中隔"}, "answer": "Asherman's syndrome＋子宮鏡手術切除黏連＋觀察及荷爾蒙補充療法", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一位 10 歲大的男孩，與同伴玩棒球時，被飛出來的棒球擊中左眼眶，小孩立刻產生左眼結膜下出血（sub-conjunctival hemorrhage），同時受傷的左眼無法向上移動，則下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "小孩有可能眼眶底打擊性骨折（blow-out fracture）", "B": "小孩需要接受眼眶骨電腦斷層檢查以確定診斷", "C": "小孩可能合併有左側眶下神經（infraorbital nerve）受傷", "D": "小孩左眼無法向上移動，是因眼球之上直肌卡在骨折當中"}, "answer": "小孩左眼無法向上移動，是因眼球之上直肌卡在骨折當中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "腸炎後腹瀉嬰兒，如果是腸粘膜受傷引發酵素缺乏，已給不含乳糖配方，仍然每天解多次酸性水性大便，下列那一種酵素缺乏最有可能？", "options": {"A": "trehalase", "B": "sucrase-isomaltase", "C": "glucoamylase", "D": "maltase"}, "answer": "sucrase-isomaltase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 17 歲女性病患須緊急接受頜下膿瘍（submandibular abscess）引流手術，在進行麻醉前須評估此病患的呼吸道狀況，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "麻醉醫師決定適當插氣管內管技術前，須仔細評估病患呼吸道過去病史，並詳細檢查病患之頭頸部", "B": "若病患之前有處理呼吸道問題的紀錄，應儘可能調閱並仔細看過", "C": "執行全身麻醉直接使用喉頭鏡，做口內氣管內管插管，可能會有無法放置的危險", "D": "若病患顎關節活動度受到限制，在給予肌肉鬆弛劑後，顎關節活動度可以達到完全的鬆弛，不會有任何的限制"}, "answer": "麻醉醫師決定適當插氣管內管技術前，須仔細評估病患呼吸道過去病史，並詳細檢查病患之頭頸部", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "記錄標準心電圖電位時，導程（leads）放在身體的正確位置為何？", "options": {"A": "Lead I：left arm-left leg", "B": "Lead II：left leg-right arm", "C": "Lead III：right leg-left arm", "D": "aVF：right arm-left arm"}, "answer": "Lead II：left leg-right arm", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者屬於Class II major histocompatibility complex（MHC）molecules？", "options": {"A": "HLA-A", "B": "HLA-B", "C": "HLA-C", "D": "HLA-DR"}, "answer": "HLA-DR", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "1 一位 2 歲大的女童出現發燒、咳嗽已有 5 天，今日媽媽發現她出現呼吸急促、食慾不振的情形而到急診求治，肺部聽診時發現右側 bronchial sound，並且呼吸音比左側小聲，胸部 X 光片檢查如圖一。 住院後執行肋膜穿刺檢查（thoracentesis），革蘭氏染色如圖二所示，下列何者是最有可能的細菌？  \n \t圖一 \t圖二 \n", "options": {"A": "肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）", "B": "金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）", "C": "b 型感冒嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae type b）", "D": "結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）"}, "answer": "肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關淋巴瘤之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "絕大部分何杰金氏淋巴瘤（Hodgkin's lymphoma, HL）之 Reed-Sternberg 細胞具 CD15(+)及 CD30(+) 細胞標記", "B": "HL 中結節性淋巴球突顯型（nodular lymphocyte predominance type）之 Reed-Sternberg 細胞屬於 B 細胞來源", "C": "退行分化大細胞淋巴瘤（anaplastic large cell lymphoma）絕大多數是一種 B 細胞淋巴瘤", "D": "髮樣細胞白血病（hairy cell leukemia）細胞是一種 B 細胞"}, "answer": "退行分化大細胞淋巴瘤（anaplastic large cell lymphoma）絕大多數是一種 B 細胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "如圖所示之超音波影像最有可能是由下列那一種掃描方式取得？", "options": {"A": "右上腹冠狀掃描 \t", "B": "左上腹冠狀掃描 \t", "C": "右下腹橫向掃描 \t", "D": "上腹部橫向掃描"}, "answer": "右上腹冠狀掃描 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "人類癌症中約有三分之一可發現有 ras 基因的突變，這些突變造成 Ras 持續性活化（constitutive activation），不受傳訊路徑上游的生長因子受體調控，而一直促進細胞分裂。下列關於 Ras 訊息傳導之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "與 GDP 結合的 Ras 會活化 MAP kinase kinase kinase（MAPKKK）", "B": "活化的 MAPKKK 啟動一個 kinase cascade，依序磷酸化 MAP kinase kinase（MAPKK）與 MAP kinase", "C": "磷酸化的 MAPK 是活化態，可磷酸化一些 transcription factors", "D": "磷酸化的 transcription factors（例如 Jun 和 Fos），可活化一些調控細胞分裂的基因之表現"}, "answer": "與 GDP 結合的 Ras 會活化 MAP kinase kinase kinase（MAPKKK）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一項情況，較不適合使用整體換氣系統？", "options": {"A": "保持工作環境的濕度", "B": "稀釋污染物的濃度", "C": "降低工作環境的溫度", "D": "調整工作環境的氣壓"}, "answer": "調整工作環境的氣壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位哭鬧不安的 2 歲小孩被母親抱來急診就醫，主訴為從 2 個小時前開始無法進食，一直流口水，並且有作嘔（gagging）的動作。據母親表示，病人從出生到現在身體都很健康，無任何病史。理學檢查為腸音正常，腹部無明顯壓痛。如果你懷疑病人有吞入異物（swallowed foreign body），以下何種狀況最不需要做內視鏡（endoscopy）檢查？", "options": {"A": "異物存在於腸胃道超過 24 小時", "B": "一元的圓形硬幣", "C": "雙端尖銳的異物 \t", "D": "釦狀電池（button batteries）"}, "answer": "一元的圓形硬幣", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "正常人類一生中血清肌酸酐（serum creatinine）值何時最低？", "options": {"A": "出生後 1-3 個月", "B": "3-5 歲", "C": "12-15 歲", "D": "成人"}, "answer": "出生後 1-3 個月", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "⼀位75歲男性5年前診斷前列腺肥⼤已接受藥物治療，兩星期前因感冒⾃⾏到藥局拿藥，最近覺得排尿困難、頻頻上廁所，且有尿失禁，⾝體檢查發現下腹部腫脹，其最可能之診斷是：", "options": {"A": "溢出性尿失禁（overflow incontinence）", "B": "完全尿失禁（total incontinence）", "C": "急迫性尿失禁（urge incontinence）", "D": "應⼒性尿失禁（stress incontinence）"}, "answer": "溢出性尿失禁（overflow incontinence）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是眼窩外爆骨折（blow out fracture）較常見的徵候？", "options": {"A": "眼球突出 \t", "B": "眼球向上轉動受限", "C": "眼瞼皮下氣腫（subcutaneous emphysema）", "D": "下眼窩神經（infraorbital nerve）支配區感覺遲鈍"}, "answer": "眼球突出 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列對於乳癌術後的上肢淋巴水腫（lymphedema）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "和腋下淋巴結摘除及放射治療有關", "B": "水腫處較容易發生蜂窩組織炎", "C": "蜂窩組織炎會使淋巴水腫惡化", "D": "按摩治療不適用於淋巴水腫"}, "answer": "按摩治療不適用於淋巴水腫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "李老太太今年 72 歲，主訴為下腹痛已經 3 天，腹痛為持續的悶痛，伴隨有間歇性陣痛。李老太太這幾天食慾不佳，僅進食一些稀飯，且這幾天沒有排便，雖仍有排氣。耳溫為 38℃，腹部理學檢查顯示左下腹部腸音減少，併有左下腹壓痛。抽血檢查白血球數為 13,800/mm3。下列何者為李老太太最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "急性闌尾炎", "B": "大腸癌", "C": "潰瘍性大腸炎", "D": "大腸憩室炎"}, "answer": "大腸憩室炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "12 歲男孩因車禍被送至急診室，經眼科醫師檢查後發現左眼球破裂，需進行手術。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "除了一般病史，受傷前最後一次進食時間需要知道，通常必須將病患當成禁食時間不足處理", "B": "對於穿刺性眼睛損傷，應施行眼球後麻醉，以避免吸入性肺炎的發生", "C": "麻醉誘導應施行快速誘導，以減少胃中食物之逆流", "D": "此病患手術完成後，應等到其清醒及呼吸道反射恢復時，才可以拔除氣管內管"}, "answer": "對於穿刺性眼睛損傷，應施行眼球後麻醉，以避免吸入性肺炎的發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "肺臟下緣與壁層胸膜（pleura）下緣的空隙為：", "options": {"A": "下縱膈腔（inferior mediastinum）", "B": "肋橫膈隱窩（costodiaphragmatic recess）", "C": "中縱膈腔（middle mediastinum）", "D": "橫竇（transverse sinus）"}, "answer": "肋橫膈隱窩（costodiaphragmatic recess）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位廚師工作時不慎造成在上臂後方有很深的切割傷，來到急診時手腕無法伸展（extension），手指無法伸直，這種情形最有可能是下列那一條神經受傷？", "options": {"A": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "B": "正中神經（median nerve）", "C": "橈神經（radial nerve）", "D": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）"}, "answer": "橈神經（radial nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於脂蛋白（lipoprotein）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "脂蛋白含脂質與蛋白質，它負責運送膽固醇（cholesterol）、磷脂質（phospholipid）與三酸甘油酯（triacylglycerol）到各組織器官", "B": "ApoC-II會促進血液中三酸甘油酯之分解 \t", "C": "含蛋白質量最多的脂蛋白是高密度脂蛋白（HDL, high density lipoprotein）", "D": "運送肝臟細胞所合成的三酸甘油酯到周邊組織的脂蛋白為乳糜微粒（chylomicrons）"}, "answer": "運送肝臟細胞所合成的三酸甘油酯到周邊組織的脂蛋白為乳糜微粒（chylomicrons）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "64.一位向來健康狀況良好之50歲男士登山迷路失聯，入夜後山區溫度驟降，禦寒衣物不足。次日搜救人員找到 該男士立即送醫。身體檢查發現：昏迷、心跳每分鐘40次、呼吸每分鐘8次、血壓60/40毫米汞柱、體溫\n 26℃、無明顯外傷、抽痰無明顯咳嗽反應。到院5分鐘後，病友突然發生心室顫動（ventricular fibrillation）。\n 針對此病友之優先處理，下列何者最合宜？ \n", "options": {"A": "置放肺動脈導管或中心靜脈導管以監控體液量", "B": "使用溫熱乳酸林格氏液（lactated Ringer's solution）以補充體液不足", "C": "小心置放氣管內管以保護氣道", "D": "反覆施行去顫術（defibrillation）以矯正心室顫動"}, "answer": "反覆施行去顫術（defibrillation）以矯正心室顫動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為剛滿 1 歲小孩應有之發展程度？", "options": {"A": "會跑 \t", "B": "會說\"爸＂、\"媽＂等單字", "C": "會疊起四塊積木 \t", "D": "會用湯匙喝湯"}, "answer": "會說\"爸＂、\"媽＂等單字", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "聲帶結節最容易發⽣於下列何處？", "options": {"A": "聲帶前聯合處（anterior commissure）", "B": "聲帶之前、中三分之⼀交界處", "C": "聲帶之後聯合處（posterior commissure）", "D": "聲帶之後三分之⼀"}, "answer": "聲帶之前、中三分之⼀交界處", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "具有下列何種胺基酸序列之蛋白質，最有可能在轉譯後送入細胞核內？", "options": {"A": "met-ser-ser-ala-gly-trp-val-lys-asp-val-ile-leu-leu-tyr-tyr-cys-", "B": "met-thr-ile-ala-leu-ile-leu-leu-pro-leu-leu-phe-met-ser-ala-ala-", "C": "met-ile-leu-lys-lys-arg-arg-met-lys-arg-arg-tyr-ser-asp-gly-ile-", "D": "met-lys-ala-ser-asp-ser-ser-gly-arg-trp-tyr-met-his-trp-arg-ile-"}, "answer": "met-ile-leu-lys-lys-arg-arg-met-lys-arg-arg-tyr-ser-asp-gly-ile-", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種降血脂藥物其作用機轉具有活化細胞轉錄因子（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor）以增加血中 HDL-C 及 lipoprotein lipase 含量？", "options": {"A": "niacin", "B": "fenofibrate", "C": "cholestyramine", "D": "fluvastatin"}, "answer": "fenofibrate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "連接椎弓（vertebral arch）與椎體（vertebral body）的骨性結構是：", "options": {"A": "關節突（articular process）", "B": "橫突（transverse process）", "C": "椎板（vertebral lamina）", "D": "椎腳（vertebral pedicle）"}, "answer": "椎腳（vertebral pedicle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "用於化療法引發之嘔吐拮抗藥物 ondansetron 主要作用於中樞神經之何種受體？", "options": {"A": "5-HT2受體", "B": "5-HT3受體", "C": "Histamine H2受體", "D": "Muscarinic M3受體"}, "answer": "5-HT3受體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "日本移民的胃癌研究中，較有可能影響胃癌死亡率的因子為：", "options": {"A": "環境因子", "B": "遺傳因子", "C": "法規制度因子", "D": "個人行為因子"}, "answer": "環境因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "左卵巢靜脈匯入：", "options": {"A": "下腔靜脈（inferior vena cava）", "B": "左腎靜脈（left renal vein）", "C": "左子宮靜脈（left uterine vein）", "D": "左髂內靜脈（left internal iliac vein）"}, "answer": "左腎靜脈（left renal vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "退化性關節炎患者關節疼痛的感覺最不可能源自下列何者？", "options": {"A": "韌帶（ligament）", "B": "肌肉（muscle）", "C": "軟骨（cartilage）", "D": "滑膜（synovium）"}, "answer": "軟骨（cartilage）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一位 25 歲高瘦男性，具長頭（dolichocephaly），下半身瘦長，四肢及手腳趾非常細長，而關節之延伸性很大，姆指可以伸直過度並可達手腕，病人具雞胸（pectus excavatum）。下列何種併發症為此類病人可能的死因？", "options": {"A": "肝硬化", "B": "主動脈剝離", "C": "急性心肌梗塞", "D": "慢性腎衰竭"}, "answer": "主動脈剝離", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個4個月大的女嬰，母親是高齡產婦，女嬰出生時並無發紺現象，出生體重2500 gm，一個月後嬰兒呈現呼吸急促，食慾不佳，有盜 現象，經醫師檢查，呼吸及心跳速率皆增加，胸骨左側可聽到心縮期雜音，肝臟也有腫大現象。心臟超音波檢查發現有左至右的分流，肺動脈壓增高，經投予藥物治療數星期之後，臨床症狀改善有限，且體重只有3500 gm，醫師建議手術治療。請依此回答下列3題：", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "②③", "C": "①④", "D": "①③"}, "answer": "②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "70歲女性有糖尿病和高血壓，並控制良好，意識清楚且生活可自理。年度健康檢查，自解尿液作常規檢\t，發現有膿尿及菌尿症；經問診及理學檢查，確認病人無發燒、頻尿、解尿疼痛、腰部疼痛等，下列處置何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "進行腹部電腦斷層檢查", "B": "住院進行靜脈抗生素治療", "C": "給予口服抗生素治療", "D": "觀察及衛教，不需抗生素治療"}, "answer": "觀察及衛教，不需抗生素治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位30歲健康男性，準備到國外旅遊，有關旅行者腹瀉（traveler' s diarrhea）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "應該使用抗生素預防旅行者腹瀉", "B": "細菌感染是旅行者腹瀉最常見之致病原因", "C": "如發生腹瀉，治療上以補充液體最重要", "D": "大部分感染性腹瀉會自己好（self-limited）"}, "answer": "應該使用抗生素預防旅行者腹瀉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 38 歲婦女，主訴熱潮紅，6 個月沒有月經，血液檢查為 E2＜20 pg/mL，FSH＝70 mIU/mL，下列何者原因最不可能？", "options": {"A": "自體免疫疾病", "B": "半乳糖血症", "C": "香菸成癮", "D": "懷孕"}, "answer": "懷孕", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為類乙醯膽鹼藥物，僅作用在毒蕈鹼（muscarinic）接受體？", "options": {"A": "methacholine", "B": "bethanechol", "C": "carbachol", "D": "nicotine"}, "answer": "bethanechol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "維生素C（ascorbic acid）缺乏會導致膠原蛋白（collagen）的修飾不全，是因為下列那個反應受到影響？", "options": {"A": "proline hydroxylation", "B": "serine phosphorylation", "C": "cysteine oxidation", "D": "lysine methylation"}, "answer": "proline hydroxylation", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關甲狀腺濾泡癌（follicular carcinoma），何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "屬於分化良好型 \t", "B": "頸部淋巴結轉移比例極高", "C": "大部分可製造thyroglobulin", "D": "大部分術後利用I131療效佳"}, "answer": "頸部淋巴結轉移比例極高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "99mTc 核掃描呈現同位素活動增加時，代表下列何種情況？", "options": {"A": "骨骼細胞代謝減少 \t", "B": "\\ 骨骼細胞代謝增加 \t", "C": "與骨骼細胞代謝無關 \t", "D": "\\ 與軟組織 lactic acid 增加有關"}, "answer": "\\ 骨骼細胞代謝增加 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不會增加胃腺癌（gastric adenocarcinoma）的風險？", "options": {"A": "幽門螺旋桿菌感染 \t", "B": "O 型血型", "C": "胃部分切除術後 20 年", "D": "惡性貧血"}, "answer": "O 型血型", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位68歲的婦女，4年前曾因有脫垂及尿失禁接受過子宮全切除及尿失禁治療手術（burch operation），現在已無尿失禁但主訴有腫塊於陰道口膨出，她認為此一症狀可能與她的下背痛有關聯，因為背痛的症狀在早上最輕微，但隨\t時間的變化越來越嚴重。若你為這位婦女行理學檢查時，最可能會發現：", "options": {"A": "cystocele", "B": "rectocele", "C": "enterocele", "D": "vaginal vault prolapse"}, "answer": "vaginal vault prolapse", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "由於母親的甲狀腺促素受器阻斷抗體（maternal thyrotropin receptor-blocking antibody），導致其新生兒發生先天性甲狀腺低能症（congenital hypothyroidism），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "當母親患有甲狀腺自體免疫疾病（autoimmune thyroid disease）時，應考慮此診斷", "B": "患兒及其母親均可測到甲狀腺促素受器抗體（thyrotropin receptor antibody）", "C": "患兒接受甲狀腺超音波檢查無法顯示甲狀腺存在，但同位素檢查可見其存在", "D": "患兒是否需長期接受甲狀腺素補充，取決於後續抗體及甲狀腺功能追蹤結果"}, "answer": "患兒接受甲狀腺超音波檢查無法顯示甲狀腺存在，但同位素檢查可見其存在", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在試管中進行 polymerase chain reaction（PCR）合成 DNA，需要：", "options": {"A": "DNA 模板（template），引子（primer），DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）", "B": "DNA 模板（template），DNA 解旋酸（helicase），DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）", "C": "引導體（primosome），引子（primer），DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）", "D": "複製叉（replication fork），引子（primer），DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）"}, "answer": "DNA 模板（template），引子（primer），DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位三個月大嬰兒體重為 6 公斤，考慮嬰兒理想的卡路里（calories）與水分攝取量，如果以正常濃度的配方奶來餵養，該嬰兒一天攝取最適當的奶量應該是幾毫升（c.c.）？", "options": {"A": "600", "B": "700", "C": "800", "D": "900"}, "answer": "900", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲之男性病人，因突發性之左側胸痛，呼吸困難而至急診處就醫，聽診時發現左側肺野呼吸聲減少許多，請問最可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "左側肋膜腔積水", "B": "左側氣胸", "C": "狹心症", "D": "左側肺炎"}, "answer": "左側氣胸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "由於長時間擺位不當造成總腓（Common peroneal）神經壓迫損傷，最常見的發生部位在何處？", "options": {"A": "外踝後緣", "B": "內踝後緣", "C": "膝部外側", "D": "臀部"}, "answer": "膝部外側", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種 DNA 病毒可造成先天性感染？", "options": {"A": "巨細胞病毒（cytomegalovirus）", "B": "EB 病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）", "C": "人類疱疹病毒第八型（HHV8）", "D": "腺病毒（adenovirus）"}, "answer": "巨細胞病毒（cytomegalovirus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "比較兩組病人某項檢\t數值的平均值（mean）是否有差異，可使用下列何種統計方法？", "options": {"A": "卡方檢定（Chi-square test）", "B": "t檢定（Student's t test）", "C": "曼惠特尼檢定（Mann-Whitney test）", "D": "符號檢定（Sign test）"}, "answer": "t檢定（Student's t test）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關全身性麻醉劑的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "脂溶性越高的麻醉劑，其產生麻醉作用所需要的濃度越高", "B": "溶解度較差的氣體麻醉劑，其恢復期較短；反之，高溶解度的氣體麻醉劑恢復期較長", "C": "ketamine 會刺激交感神經活性，使得心跳及血壓上升", "D": "麻醉劑的效價（potency）與最低肺泡麻醉濃度（minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration；MAC）呈反比"}, "answer": "脂溶性越高的麻醉劑，其產生麻醉作用所需要的濃度越高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關卡門氏症（Kallmann syndrome）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "KAL 基因之作用在於引導性釋素細胞由嗅覺板移至下視丘", "B": "核磁共振攝影出現嗅球（olfactory bulb）及嗅溝（olfactory sulcus）發育不良", "C": "伴有智能不足", "D": "伴有上顎缺損"}, "answer": "伴有智能不足", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為不需取卵的人工輔助生殖技術？", "options": {"A": "人工授精（intrauterine insemination）", "B": "試管嬰兒（in vitro fertilization）", "C": "卵細胞質內精蟲注射（intracytoplasmic sperm injection）", "D": "胚胎\t床前基因診斷（preimplantation genetic diagnosis）"}, "answer": "人工授精（intrauterine insemination）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最容易引起全身性過敏？", "options": {"A": "Hydralazine", "B": "Promethazine", "C": "α-Methyldopa", "D": "Penicillin"}, "answer": "Penicillin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Anti-VEGF（anti-vascular endothelium growth factor）抗體在治療大腸癌之作用機轉是下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "抑制血管新生", "B": "抑制吞噬細胞作用", "C": "促進T細胞增生", "D": "促進自然殺手NK細胞增生"}, "answer": "抑制血管新生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "注意力缺失過動症（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder）按美國精神醫學會「精神疾患診斷及統計手冊第四版」之診斷標準，患者症狀必須持續超過多久期間？", "options": {"A": "一個月", "B": "二個月", "C": "三個月", "D": "六個月"}, "answer": "六個月", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者可藉由抑制磷酸雙酯酶（phosphodiesterase），而增加細胞內 cGMP 濃度，致使平滑肌舒張？", "options": {"A": "Misoprostol", "B": "Nitroglycerine", "C": "Sildenafil", "D": "Theophylline"}, "answer": "Sildenafil", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲男性，有糖尿病之病史，其右腳趾受傷後傷口流膿，傷口細菌培養為 ORSA（oxacillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus）。下列那一種抗生素不適合？", "options": {"A": "Vancomycin", "B": "Meropenem", "C": "Linezolid", "D": "Daptomycin"}, "answer": "Meropenem", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關不規則緻密結締組織的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "形成韌帶（ligament）", "B": "構成真皮（dermis）", "C": "含較少量的細胞間基質", "D": "纖維母細胞為大部分的組成細胞"}, "answer": "形成韌帶（ligament）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "血液透析用的透析液，其成分不含有何種電解質？", "options": {"A": "重碳酸鹽", "B": "鈉", "C": "鉀", "D": "磷"}, "answer": "磷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "32歲女性，主訴近年來經痛越來越嚴重，並有性交疼痛及非經期的腹痛。超音波的檢查如圖所示。下列何者對於確認診斷最有幫助？", "options": {"A": "腹腔鏡", "B": "比較經期中與非經期的血中CA-125濃度", "C": "詳細的病史及理學檢查", "D": "子宮輸卵管攝影"}, "answer": "腹腔鏡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關腦外傷病人之敘述，以下何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "受傷後血壓降低、心跳變慢", "B": "心輸出量（cardiac output）增加", "C": "體內可體松（cortisol）增加", "D": "泌乳激素（prolactin）可能增加"}, "answer": "受傷後血壓降低、心跳變慢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關自發性細菌性腹膜炎的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最常見的細菌感染為Escherichia coli", "B": "腹水感染二種以上細菌，要考慮續發性腹膜炎（如腸穿孔）的可能性", "C": "病人可能無發燒及腹痛 \t", "D": "肝硬化合併腹水的病人，發生食道靜脈曲張出血時，不會增加自發性細菌性腹膜炎的發生"}, "answer": "肝硬化合併腹水的病人，發生食道靜脈曲張出血時，不會增加自發性細菌性腹膜炎的發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "75 歲男性，最近食慾變差，腹脹、上腹痛且有反胃、嘔吐的情形，其腹部 X 光如下，最為適當的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "消化道穿孔（perforation）", "B": "胃出口阻塞（gastric outlet obstruction）", "C": "大腸腫瘤（colon tumor）", "D": "糞便阻塞（stool impaction）"}, "answer": "胃出口阻塞（gastric outlet obstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關動脈韌帶（ligamentum arteriosum）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "位於主動脈⼸（aortic arch）與肺動脈幹（pulmonary trunk）間", "B": "胎兒出⽣後由臍動脈（umbilical artery）閉鎖形成", "C": "胚胎時期只攜帶缺氧⾎", "D": "連接肺動脈（pulmonary artery）與肺靜脈（pulmonary vein）"}, "answer": "位於主動脈⼸（aortic arch）與肺動脈幹（pulmonary trunk）間", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "對於慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患者而言，應訓練何種呼吸方式以避免呼吸末期肺泡的塌陷？", "options": {"A": "舌咽式呼吸（glossopharyngeal breathing）", "B": "腹式呼吸（abdominal breathing）", "C": "噘唇式呼吸（purse-lip breathing）", "D": "斷續式呼吸（intermittent breathing）"}, "answer": "噘唇式呼吸（purse-lip breathing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "46歲女性，近2、3週覺得疲倦、無力、有輕微發燒，必須用雙手支撐才能從椅子站起，右手也無法舉高去梳頭髮。上眼瞼及手指關節背面出現紫紅色脫屑斑。根據病史及臨床症狀，下列何者與此疾病最不相關？", "options": {"A": "自體免疫性疾病（autoimmune disease）", "B": "以侵犯神經（nerve）及皮膚（skin）為主", "C": "合併有惡性腫瘤", "D": "出現四肢對稱性的近端肌肉無力"}, "answer": "以侵犯神經（nerve）及皮膚（skin）為主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 18 歲的高三女生，身高 160 公分，體重 68 公斤，臉上有些青春痘，主訴月經不規則，二、三個月來一次，卵巢超音波如下圖。下列何者不正確？", "options": {"A": "診斷是多囊性卵巢症候群", "B": "建議先減輕體重", "C": "建議給予排卵藥", "D": "建議給予黃體素"}, "answer": "建議給予排卵藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種癌細胞之分子或細胞遺傳學檢驗結果是屬於兒童急性淋巴性白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia）好的預後因子（favorable prognostic factor）？", "options": {"A": "費城染色體（Philedelphia chromosome）陽性", "B": "染色體套數低於二倍體（hypodiploidy）", "C": "TEL/AML1 複合 \t", "D": "t（4 ; 11）"}, "answer": "TEL/AML1 複合 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是行政院衛生署社區健康營造計畫的目標？", "options": {"A": "結合社區熱心人士及公益團體", "B": "培養民眾健康生活型態", "C": "發現及處理社區主要健康問題", "D": "減少社區對健康的參與"}, "answer": "減少社區對健康的參與", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "65 一位 56 歲的病人在吃午餐時，突然發生頭痛，隨即有嘔吐現象，送到醫院時發現其右側上下肢無力， 左側顏面神經麻痺，經臨床診斷為腦中風，其最可能的病變位置在下列何處？ \n", "options": {"A": "基底核（basal ganglion）", "B": "視丘（thalamus）", "C": "小腦（cerebellum） \t", "D": "橋腦（pons）"}, "answer": "橋腦（pons）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種囊性腎病變（renal cystic disease）最常合併肝門脈區纖維化？", "options": {"A": "兒童多囊性腎病（childhood polycystic kidney disease）", "B": "成人多囊性腎病（adult polycystic kidney disease）", "C": "成人腎髓質囊性病（adult-onset medullary cystic disease）", "D": "後天性囊性腎病（acquired renal cystic disease）"}, "answer": "兒童多囊性腎病（childhood polycystic kidney disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "3 歲男童於一年多前即發現其走路不穩，最近他父母注意到病童的弓形腿（bowlegs）越來越明顯而就診。身體檢查顯示身高 78 公分（低於第三百分位），腕關節（wrists）較大，手腕 X 光檢查如圖所示，下列那一項檢查結果不符合此病人的狀況？", "options": {"A": "血清鈣濃度正常 \t", "B": "血清磷濃度低", "C": "血清鹼性磷酸酯酶（alkaline phosphatase）濃度正常", "D": "血清副甲狀腺素（parathyroid hormone）濃度高於正常值"}, "answer": "血清鹼性磷酸酯酶（alkaline phosphatase）濃度正常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲男性，騎機車發生車禍，造成股骨中段封閉性骨折，X 光顯示骨折處粉碎及不穩定。應建議何種處置最適宜？", "options": {"A": "鋼板固定 \t", "B": "鎖定式骨髓內釘（interlocking nail）", "C": "徒手復位後行石膏固定", "D": "骨骼牽引六星期後行外固定"}, "answer": "鎖定式骨髓內釘（interlocking nail）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 75 歲男性農夫，平常尚可務農；然而最近 3 個月內時有暈厥發生且伴有\"緩脈＂（心跳過慢）。住院後血壓 140/80 mmHg、脈搏 42/分。根據所附的心電圖，病人\"緩脈＂的診斷最有可能的原因為何？", "options": {"A": "severe sinus bradycardia", "B": "junctional escape rhythm", "C": "2:1 AV block \t", "D": "complete AV block"}, "answer": "2:1 AV block \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當褥瘡（pressure ulcer）侵蝕到肌肉及骨頭的時候屬於：", "options": {"A": "Stage I", "B": "Stage II", "C": "Stage III", "D": "Stage IV"}, "answer": "Stage IV", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "對於 Tolbutamide 之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以增加胰臟 β 細胞之胰島素分泌 \t", "B": "可經由抑制ATP-sensitive K+ channel的作用增加胰島素的分泌", "C": "為一種多胜肽（Polypeptide）", "D": "增進肌肉及脂肪細胞對葡萄糖的吸收"}, "answer": "為一種多胜肽（Polypeptide）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "黏著小帶（zonula adherens）的細胞膜內側，有何種主要細胞骨架附著？", "options": {"A": "微絲（microfilaments）", "B": "中間絲（intermediate filaments）", "C": "微小管（microtubule）", "D": "膠原纖維（collagen fibers）"}, "answer": "微絲（microfilaments）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 12 歲男童因為發燒 7 天住院，血色素 11.2 g/dL，白血球 14,200/mm3，血小板 360,500/mm3，周邊血液白血球有 37%均形似如圖所示的白血球。下列那一種感染最容易出現這種現象？", "options": {"A": "enterovirus \t", "B": "Epstein-Barr virus", "C": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "D": "influenza virus"}, "answer": "Epstein-Barr virus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "猛爆性 B 型肝炎，病人已是肝昏迷，但血壓、心跳仍在正常範圍。病人最可能呈現以下何種數據？", "options": {"A": "SvO2：80%；serum lactate：3 mmole/L", "B": "SvO2：80%；serum lactate：0.8 mmole/L", "C": "SvO2：40%；serum lactate：4 mmole/L", "D": "SvO2：40%；serum lactate：0.8 mmole/L"}, "answer": "SvO2：80%；serum lactate：3 mmole/L", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種神經疾病不會造成垂足（drop foot）？", "options": {"A": "腓神經（peroneal nerve）受傷", "B": "小兒麻痺症（poliomyelitis）", "C": "第五腰椎神經根病變（radiculopathy）", "D": "脛神經（tibial nerve）受傷"}, "answer": "脛神經（tibial nerve）受傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關人體感染糞小桿線蟲（Strongyloides stercoralis）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "通常因吞食絲狀（filariform）幼蟲而感染 \t", "B": "即使嚴重感染也不會引起貧血", "C": "在免疫妥協（immunocompromised）病人造成彌漫性感染", "D": "糞便藉由\"浮游法，floatation method\"可以提高檢出率"}, "answer": "在免疫妥協（immunocompromised）病人造成彌漫性感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病的病人較可能會有巨大的脾腫大達3000公克以上？", "options": {"A": "髓纖維化（myelofibrosis）", "B": "肝門脈高血壓（portal hypertension）", "C": "感染性單核球症（infectious mononucleosis）", "D": "血色素沉積症（hemochromatosis）"}, "answer": "髓纖維化（myelofibrosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者非台灣全民健康保險之特性？", "options": {"A": "量能付費", "B": "強制投保", "C": "經驗費率", "D": "社區費率"}, "answer": "經驗費率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "55 歲男性，近兩週飲食減退並容易疲勞，眼睛結膜有黃疸，請問罹患下列那一種癌症的機率最低？", "options": {"A": "肝細胞癌", "B": "總膽管癌", "C": "胰臟腺管癌", "D": "小腸癌"}, "answer": "小腸癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關治療甲狀腺風暴的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可使用抗甲狀腺藥物以降低血中T4轉化成T3的量", "B": "可使用乙型拮抗劑（beta-blockers）以降低血中T4轉化為T3的量", "C": "給予2%碘劑溶液（Lugol's solution）可減少甲狀腺荷爾蒙分泌量", "D": "使用類固醇及阿斯匹靈退燒，同時需輸液治療"}, "answer": "使用類固醇及阿斯匹靈退燒，同時需輸液治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "孩童之腎絲球濾過速率（glomerular filtration rate）經過體表面積標準化（1.73 m2），達到成人值的最小年齡為：", "options": {"A": "出生後 1-3 個月", "B": "1 歲", "C": "2-3 歲", "D": "12-15 歲"}, "answer": "2-3 歲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何項抗憂鬱藥物不屬於選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑（selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors）？", "options": {"A": "fluoxetine", "B": "paroxetine", "C": "sertraline", "D": "bupropion"}, "answer": "bupropion", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位腦中風患者喝水很容易嗆到，但吃較黏稠的食物則沒有問題，且水溫較低較不容易嗆到，此一患者最可能伴有下列那一種吞嚥障礙？", "options": {"A": "口腔動作不靈活 \t", "B": "吞嚥反射（swallowing reflex）延遲", "C": "會厭軟骨（epiglottis）閉合不全", "D": "環咽肌（cricopharyngeal muscle）閉鎖"}, "answer": "吞嚥反射（swallowing reflex）延遲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列各種病患中，體溫調節障礙最明顯的是：", "options": {"A": "第六頸髓損傷患者 \t", "B": "第十胸髓損傷患者", "C": "薦椎脊柱裂（spina bifida）患者", "D": "胸髓空洞症（syringomyelia）患者"}, "answer": "第六頸髓損傷患者 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "肩胛骨下角相當於下列何者的高度？", "options": {"A": "第一胸椎", "B": "第三胸椎", "C": "第五胸椎", "D": "第七胸椎"}, "answer": "第七胸椎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關A群鏈球菌（Group A Streptococci）之溶血素O （streptolysin O）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "對氧氣敏感（oxygen-labile）", "B": "其所引起的抗體（ASO）之效價，是診斷鏈球菌咽喉炎所引起的風濕熱（rheumatic fever）的重要依據", "C": "在此菌所引起的膿皮症（pyoderma）病患中容易測得高效價的抗體（ASO）", "D": "與肺炎鏈球菌（S. pneumoniae）所產生之對氧氣敏感的毒素之抗原性相關"}, "answer": "在此菌所引起的膿皮症（pyoderma）病患中容易測得高效價的抗體（ASO）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "44\n 承上題，該病患之心電圖最常出現之變化為何？\n", "options": {"A": "PR 波間距縮短", "B": "QT 波間距縮短", "C": "心房震顫", "D": "高聳的 T 波"}, "answer": "QT 波間距縮短", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，請自行算出平均紅血球體積（MCV），再判斷此病人的貧血是屬於那一種？", "options": {"A": "小血球性", "B": "正血球性", "C": "大血球性", "D": "無法決定"}, "answer": "小血球性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列 penicillin 製劑中，何者對於 Klebsiella pneumoniae 及 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 有效百分比最高？", "options": {"A": "Piperacillin", "B": "Ticarcillin", "C": "Carbenicillin", "D": "Amoxicillin"}, "answer": "Piperacillin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者有子宮動脈經過？", "options": {"A": "闊韌帶（broad ligament）", "B": "懸韌帶（suspensory ligament）", "C": "子宮圓韌帶（round ligament of uterus）", "D": "子宮薦韌帶（uterosacral ligament）"}, "answer": "闊韌帶（broad ligament）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者與陰道滴蟲無關？", "options": {"A": "囊體", "B": "攝護腺炎", "C": "新生兒肺部感染", "D": "軸柱（axostyle）"}, "answer": "囊體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "免疫正常成人後天性弓蟲症（acquired toxoplasmosis）通常是良性且沒有症狀，若有臨床症狀出現時，則下列何者最常見？", "options": {"A": "視網膜脈絡膜炎（retinochoroiditis） \t", "B": "水腦症（hydrocephalus）", "C": "腦脊髓炎（encephalomyelitis） \t", "D": "類似傳染性單核球增生症（infectious mononucleosis）的症狀"}, "answer": "類似傳染性單核球增生症（infectious mononucleosis）的症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "余先生，48 歲，診斷為慢性 C 型肝炎，基因型為第一型，病毒量為 120 萬 IU/mL，預計接受 24 週的合併治療。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "第一型患者接受 48 週的合併治療有較好的病毒清除", "B": "雷巴威林（ribavirin）的使用劑量，一般依體重決定", "C": "若在治療後 4 週即可清除病毒，24 週或 48 週的療效相當", "D": "病毒基因型和病毒量均會影響合併治療的療效"}, "answer": "若在治療後 4 週即可清除病毒，24 週或 48 週的療效相當", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "72 一輛學校校車和卡車對撞，校車司機胸部遭受撞擊創傷，於急診室時要分辨是張力性氣胸或是心包 膜填塞時，最快的方式是： \n", "options": {"A": "插胸管（tube thoracostomy）", "B": "做心包膜抽取（pericardiocentesis）", "C": "做胸部理學檢查（physical examination）", "D": "照胸部 X 光"}, "answer": "做胸部理學檢查（physical examination）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關心臟瓣膜置換或修補手術的死亡率，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "主動脈瓣膜置換手術死亡率比二尖瓣（僧帽瓣）置換手術高", "B": "瓣膜置換手術加上冠狀動脈繞道手術比單純瓣膜置換手術死亡率高", "C": "多瓣膜置換手術比單一瓣膜置換手術死亡率高", "D": "二尖瓣（僧帽瓣）修補手術死亡率較二尖瓣置換手術死亡率低"}, "answer": "主動脈瓣膜置換手術死亡率比二尖瓣（僧帽瓣）置換手術高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "34 一位 65 歲婦女因倦怠、呼吸困難（dyspnea）及體重減輕有六個月而住院。兩年前病人四肢開始水腫、手指遇冷時顏色會變蒼白及紫色，一年前四肢有色素過度沉著現象（hyperpigmentation），六個月前開始無法爬樓梯及吞嚥困難，體重兩年內由 56 公斤減為 44 公斤，理學檢查血壓 180/96 mmHg，胸部有雜音（rales），胸部 X-ray：兩側肺下部廣泛浸潤增加，抗核抗體（ANA）1280 倍陽性，Jo-1 抗體陽性，最有可能之診斷為何？\n", "options": {"A": "類風濕性關節炎（RA）", "B": "全身性硬化症（SSc）", "C": "退化性關節炎（OA）", "D": "全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）"}, "answer": "全身性硬化症（SSc）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "40 一位 32 歲女性，主訴容易疲倦多年，即使休息過後仍然感到倦怠，抱怨全身多處肌肉關節疼痛，並有噁心及食慾不振的情形，沒有失眠及體重減輕，偶而會感到轉移型的肢體麻木，因為這些不適，病人四處求醫，已經 3 年沒有工作。理學檢查沒有關節紅腫、亦無神經學及其他異常發現，在鑑別診斷中 ，下列何者較不重要？ \n", "options": {"A": "安排全身健康檢查 \t \t", "B": "評估家庭功能及社會資源 \t \t", "C": "評估病人生活壓力事件\t", "D": "了解病患對疾病的調適以及過去的醫病關係"}, "answer": "安排全身健康檢查 \t \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "10歲男童從滑梯跌落以左膝 地，由於膝部疼痛腫脹，父母帶他來急診求診，並接受X光檢查，由此X光影像，顯示他發生了何種的生長板傷害？", "options": {"A": "Salter-Harris第一型", "B": "Salter-Harris第二型", "C": "Salter-Harris第三型", "D": "Salter-Harris第四型"}, "answer": "Salter-Harris第二型", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關化膿性骨髓炎（pyogenic osteomyelitis）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在兒童引發此病的原因可能只是黏膜的輕微受損", "B": "金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）為最常被培養出來的細菌", "C": "在兒童，典型的病灶是在長骨的幹骺端（metaphysis）", "D": "一般而言，能培養出細菌的機率為80-90 %"}, "answer": "一般而言，能培養出細菌的機率為80-90 %", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "造成傷口裂開（wound dehiscence）的危險因子，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "年輕人", "B": "肥胖", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "化學治療"}, "answer": "年輕人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列關於 primary pulmonary tuberculosis 的敘述，何者有誤？", "options": {"A": "在高盛行區域 primary pulmonary tuberculosis 常見於小孩", "B": "在兒童的 primary pulmonary tuberculosis 很少出現 hilar lymphadenopathy", "C": "primary pulmonary tuberculosis 常發生在肺部的中段或下段（middle or lower lung zones）", "D": "大部分的病人會產生 hilar lymph nodes or paratracheal lymph nodes 鈣化，形成 Ghon lesion"}, "answer": "在兒童的 primary pulmonary tuberculosis 很少出現 hilar lymphadenopathy", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是濕疹（eczema），在病理下通常不會出現的特徵？", "options": {"A": "表皮層出現海綿狀病變（spongiosis）", "B": "真皮層血管周圍出現淋巴球和嗜伊紅性球", "C": "表皮下出現水疱（subepidermal vesicle）", "D": "表皮層出現不規則的棘狀增生變化（irregular acanthosis）"}, "answer": "表皮下出現水疱（subepidermal vesicle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於何種程度的突發性出血，身體內可以靠 baroreceptor 引起的代償性血管收縮來維持必要的血壓？", "options": {"A": "低於 15%", "B": "15~40%", "C": "41~60%", "D": "61~80%"}, "answer": "低於 15%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "59.從事慢跑等耐力運動時，心輸出量（cardiac output）可能增加 4～7 倍。此時身體可利用下列那些作用來增加心輸出量？①興奮動脈感壓受器（arterial baroreceptors），使其放電頻率增加 ②增加吸氣的深度及頻率 ③興奮交感神經 ④興奮副交感神經 ⑤促進骨骼肌小動脈擴張 ", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "①③⑤", "C": "②③⑤", "D": "②④⑤"}, "answer": "②③⑤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲男性，其心輸出量（cardiac output）為每分鐘 5 L，心跳速率每分鐘 80 次。若測得其全身周邊血管總阻力為 22 mmHg/L/min，假設其收縮壓為 150 毫米汞柱（mmHg），其舒張壓的值 接近多少 mmHg？", "options": {"A": "70", "B": "80", "C": "90", "D": "110"}, "answer": "90", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種免疫細胞可比較有效的消滅已侵入宿主細胞內的病毒（intracellular virus）？", "options": {"A": "B 淋巴細胞 \t", "B": "巨噬細胞（Macrophage）", "C": "毒殺性 T 淋巴細胞（Cytotoxic T cell）", "D": "樹突狀細胞（Dendritic cell）"}, "answer": "毒殺性 T 淋巴細胞（Cytotoxic T cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何項與腎小管細胞的碳酸氫根（HCO3-）重吸收過程，最無關聯？", "options": {"A": "腎小管細胞的氫離子分泌", "B": "腎小管細胞的磷酸根吸收", "C": "腎小管細胞的碳酸酐酶（carbonic anhydrase）作用", "D": "腎小管細胞的麩胺（glutamine）代謝"}, "answer": "腎小管細胞的磷酸根吸收", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，該患者在術後一年半之例行追蹤檢查，第一次發現腫瘤指數 CA15-3 增高至 45 kU/L（正常值＜35 kU/L），下列何種處置不恰當？", "options": {"A": "立即給予化學治療 \t", "B": "一個月後再重複檢驗 CA15-3 一次", "C": "安排同位素骨骼掃描 \t", "D": "安排腹部超音波檢查"}, "answer": "立即給予化學治療 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "睡眠呼吸暫停（sleep apnea）是指在睡眠期間口、鼻之呼吸氣流呈間歇性停止。一般認為，每次呼吸暫停的時間超過幾秒便具有臨床意義（未及這個秒數即不具臨床意義）？", "options": {"A": "3", "B": "5", "C": "10", "D": "20"}, "answer": "10", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種引起低血鈉的情況，最適合以注射0.9%生理食鹽水來治療？", "options": {"A": "高血糖（hyperglycemia）", "B": "甲狀腺機能低下（hypothyroidism）", "C": "皮質醛酮素缺乏（aldosterone deficiency）", "D": "SIADH（syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion）"}, "answer": "皮質醛酮素缺乏（aldosterone deficiency）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關卵巢生殖細胞瘤（germ cell tumor）的敘述， 何者較不正確？", "options": {"A": "良性囊性畸胎瘤（benign cystic teratoma）為最常見的卵巢生殖細胞瘤", "B": "無性細胞瘤（dysgerminoma）為最常見的惡性卵巢生殖細胞瘤", "C": "大部分的無性細胞瘤（dysgerminoma）發生在10歲以下", "D": "卵黃囊腫瘤（yolk sac tumor）為第二常見的惡性卵巢生殖細胞瘤，其腫瘤細胞會分泌alpha-fetoprotein"}, "answer": "大部分的無性細胞瘤（dysgerminoma）發生在10歲以下", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關眼球組織發生病變時，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "視網膜剝離（retinal detachment）常發生於視網膜層（retina）與脈絡膜層（choroid layer）之間", "B": "細菌性結膜炎（bacterial conjunctivitis）常伴有膿性分泌物（opaque purulent", "C": "眼球房水（aqueous humor）之引流循環失能，會使眼壓上升，長期則導致青光眼", "D": "晶狀體（lens）失去透明度時，會導致白內障（cataract）"}, "answer": "視網膜剝離（retinal detachment）常發生於視網膜層（retina）與脈絡膜層（choroid layer）之間", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "心肌梗塞時產生左前胸或左上臂的轉移痛，此體表位置的感覺，由下列何者傳導？", "options": {"A": "迷走神經", "B": "膈神經", "C": "交感神經幹", "D": "肋間神經"}, "answer": "肋間神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "24 三尖瓣閉鎖症（tricuspid atresia）合併肺動脈瓣閉鎖（pulmonary atresia），常在新生兒期就需作改良性的 Blalock-Taussig 分流手術，其目的為何？①增加體動脈血氧飽和度（increase systemic artery oxygenation） ②促進肺動脈血管的發育（pulmonary artery growth） ③增加肺動脈血管阻力（pulmonary vascular resistance）以利最後階段之手術 ④促進右心室發育 ", "options": {"A": "僅①②", "B": "僅①③", "C": "僅②③", "D": "僅③④"}, "answer": "僅①②", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是前列腺癌（prostate cancer）較常見的基因變化？", "options": {"A": "TMPRSS2-ERG或TMPRSS2-ETV1基因融合（gene fusions）", "B": "染色體8q24缺失（deletion）", "C": "PTEN基因缺失（deletion）", "D": "TP53基因缺失（deletion）或突變（mutation）"}, "answer": "染色體8q24缺失（deletion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者為皮肌炎（dermatomyositis）特有之皮膚症狀？", "options": {"A": "target-shaped erythematous lesions on the extremities", "B": "a purplish discoloration around the eyes", "C": "shagreen patches", "D": "telangiectasis"}, "answer": "a purplish discoloration around the eyes", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關膝下截肢（below knee amputation）病患手術後殘肢照護之敘述，下列何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "平躺時可在膝下墊枕頭，增加舒適性", "B": "病患躺在柔軟的墊子上，預防壓瘡", "C": "使用枴杖行走時，可將殘肢放在枴杖上", "D": "病人應常俯臥，以預防髖關節攣縮"}, "answer": "病人應常俯臥，以預防髖關節攣縮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關細菌內毒素之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "其製造是經由染色體基因、溶源性噬菌體（lysogenic bacteriophage）或質粒（plasmid）之密碼傳譯", "B": "中毒性休克症候群絕大多數是由金黃色葡萄球菌感染之內毒素所造成", "C": "可引起發燒、播散性血管內凝血或休克", "D": "具熱穩定性"}, "answer": "中毒性休克症候群絕大多數是由金黃色葡萄球菌感染之內毒素所造成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "法洛氏四合症完全矯正手術後發生右心衰竭，最不可能的原因為：", "options": {"A": "肺動脈瓣關閉不全", "B": "殘留的心室中隔缺損", "C": "殘留的右心室出口阻塞", "D": "主動脈瓣關閉不全"}, "answer": "主動脈瓣關閉不全", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關注射型流感疫苗之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "採肌肉注射 \t", "B": "年齡 6 個月以下者，不予接種", "C": "孕婦及免疫不全病人屬於禁忌，不應接種", "D": "已知對「蛋」之蛋白質過敏者，不予接種"}, "answer": "孕婦及免疫不全病人屬於禁忌，不應接種", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是腦中風病人發病半年內常見的預後不佳因子？", "options": {"A": "坐姿不穩（poor sitting balance）", "B": "尿失禁（incontinence）", "C": "心智改變（mental change）", "D": "肢肌肉張力增強（spasticity）"}, "answer": "肢肌肉張力增強（spasticity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是思覺失調症（schizophrenia）預後較佳之預測因子？", "options": {"A": "年輕發病", "B": "有情感性疾患（mood disorders）家族史", "C": "沒有促發因子（precipitating factor）", "D": "有思覺失調症家族史"}, "answer": "有情感性疾患（mood disorders）家族史", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是骨盆腔炎症（PID）的診斷依據之一？", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "性交疼痛", "C": "痛經", "D": "骨盆器官壓痛"}, "answer": "骨盆器官壓痛", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "研究臺灣各鄉鎮市區空氣污染與癌症發⽣之關係，空氣污染資料來⾃環保署，⽽癌症發⽣資料來⾃衛⽣福利部，這些資料除了性別與年齡外無個⼈⽣活相關資料，則該研究屬何種？", "options": {"A": "個案報告（case report）", "B": "⽣態學研究（ecological study）", "C": "病例對照研究（case-control study）", "D": "世代研究（cohort study）"}, "answer": "⽣態學研究（ecological study）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "80 婦產科張醫師在看門診時，一位病人的兒子進來要求張醫師不要將子宮頸癌切片結果告訴病人，希望改告知是其他良性疾病，以免病人承受不了壓力。張醫師本想依家屬要求含糊跟病人帶過，但又 覺得這樣不妥，張醫師覺得不妥的原因是：如此一來他可能會違背了下列那一項原則？ \n", "options": {"A": "尊重病人自主原則", "B": "行善原則", "C": "不傷害原則", "D": "正義原則"}, "answer": "尊重病人自主原則", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "24.下列關於急性主動脈剝離症的敘述，何者正確？①主動脈剝離的範圍若僅包含胸部降主動脈，則大多需手術 ②主動脈剝離的範圍若包含胸部升主動脈，則大多需緊急手術 ③主動脈剝離的範圍若僅包含胸部降主動脈，大多不可用主動脈內徑血管支架（endovascular stent grafts）治療 ④主動脈剝離的範圍若包含胸部升主動脈，大多不可用主動脈內徑血管支架 （endovascular stent grafts）治療 \n", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "僅①③", "C": "②④", "D": "僅④"}, "answer": "②④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者屬於舌骨下肌群（infrahyoid m.）？", "options": {"A": "二腹肌", "B": "斜方肌", "C": "前斜角肌", "D": "胸骨甲狀肌"}, "answer": "胸骨甲狀肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是抑制尿路結石形成的因子（inhibitor）？", "options": {"A": "鎂（magnesium）", "B": "硫酸（sulfate）", "C": "檸檬酸（citrate）", "D": "鈉（sodium）"}, "answer": "鈉（sodium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關統計檢定，下列那一項敘述錯誤？", "options": {"A": "統計的 Power 係指可正確判斷新治療方式有效的機率", "B": "統計的 Type I error 係指新治療方式無效，卻被判定為有效的機率", "C": "統計的 Type II error 係指新治療方式無效，卻被判定為有效的機率", "D": "統計的信賴水準（1-α）係指新治療方式無效，可被正確判斷的機率"}, "answer": "統計的 Type II error 係指新治療方式無效，卻被判定為有效的機率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物， 適合用於治療過敏性休克？", "options": {"A": "Dopamine", "B": "Epinephrine", "C": "Norepinephrine", "D": "Phenylephrine 67 有關 propranolol 之敘述，下列何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "Epinephrine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "交感節後神經（sympathetic postganglionic nerve）釋放下列何種神經傳導物質，以控制下泌尿道？", "options": {"A": "乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）", "B": "一氧化氮（nitric oxide）", "C": "正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）", "D": "腎上腺素（epinephrine）"}, "answer": "正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關脂肪的消化和吸收過程的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "小於10個碳分子的脂肪酸主要由淋巴管匯集進入肝臟", "B": "單酸甘油酯經擴散作用進入上皮細胞", "C": "脂肪酸和單酸甘油酯在平滑內質網中變成三酸甘油酯", "D": "腸上皮細胞內的三酸甘油酯可被蛋白質包覆"}, "answer": "小於10個碳分子的脂肪酸主要由淋巴管匯集進入肝臟", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "細針抽吸（FNA）細胞學檢查，對於下列何種甲狀腺癌診斷價值最高？", "options": {"A": "濾泡癌（follicular carcinoma）", "B": "乳突狀癌（papillary carcinoma）", "C": "髓樣癌（medullary carcinoma）", "D": "分化不全癌（anaplastic carcinoma）"}, "answer": "乳突狀癌（papillary carcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列低血鈉症（hyponatremia）之成因敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "心臟衰竭因有效性血漿容積（effective plasma volume）降低，導致低血鈉，實際總體鈉增加", "B": "腦鹽耗損（cerebral salt wasting）症候群乃因利鈉胜肽（natriuretic peptide）高度分泌，造成腎鹽流失", "C": "抗利尿激素不當分泌症候群（SIADH），自由水廓清（free water clearance）降低造成低血鈉，實", "D": "腎上腺功能缺乏（adrenal insufficiency）之低血鈉肇因於腎鹽流失，其自由水廓清（.free water 際總體鈉正常"}, "answer": "腎上腺功能缺乏（adrenal insufficiency）之低血鈉肇因於腎鹽流失，其自由水廓清（.free water 際總體鈉正常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 47 歲男性，主訴左耳聽力降低、外耳流出濃稠液體。根據此張 plain CT 片（如下圖），最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma", "B": "Acute mastoiditis", "C": "NPC with obstructive mastoiditis", "D": "Tumors in the mastoid"}, "answer": "Chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關臺灣的社區醫療體系中，沒有從事基層醫療服務的單位或組織為何？", "options": {"A": "衛⽣所", "B": "社區健康營造中⼼", "C": "社區醫療群", "D": "基層診所"}, "answer": "社區健康營造中⼼", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物，非例行使用於治療非ST節段上升急性冠心症（non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome）的病患？", "options": {"A": "抗血小板藥物（aspirin，clopidogrel）", "B": "靜脈注射硝酸鹽（nitrate）", "C": "血栓溶解劑（fibrinolytic agent）", "D": "靜脈注射肝素（heparin or low molecular weight heparin）"}, "answer": "血栓溶解劑（fibrinolytic agent）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關漏⽃胸（Funnel chest）的描述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "幼童因運動⽽出現症狀的比率較青少年低", "B": "女孩發⽣的機率比男孩⾼", "C": "肺功能檢查常⾒到阻塞性的異常", "D": "美觀為⼿術的考量主因之⼀"}, "answer": "女孩發⽣的機率比男孩⾼", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某位病人同意參加某項人體試驗，他已完成各項診療而仍在最後追蹤階段。因近日家中有事需立即出國處理，由於歸期不定而無法完成追蹤，造成他的資料完全無法被採用。就你所知，該病人應負之責任，以何者為宜？", "options": {"A": "不需負任何責任 \t", "B": "必須以書面敘述理由，申請退出試驗", "C": "需退回試驗期間曾領取的營養費", "D": "需賠償試驗過程的所有花費"}, "answer": "不需負任何責任 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "未分化型甲狀腺癌（anaplastic carcinoma），何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "不可能由分化良好型甲狀腺癌轉變而來", "B": "需作切片檢查或氣管切開", "C": "目前放射線治療（radiation therapy）及化學治療（chemotherapy）效果不彰", "D": "很少需要根除手術，預後甚差"}, "answer": "不可能由分化良好型甲狀腺癌轉變而來", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物之半衰期最長？", "options": {"A": "alprazolam", "B": "chlordiazepoxide", "C": "flurazepam", "D": "zaleplon"}, "answer": "flurazepam", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "31.核酸去嘌呤作用（depurination of nucleotides）是破壞在連接鹼基（base residues）與核糖 （ribose）的化學鍵。這個化學鍵稱為： \n", "options": {"A": "氫鍵（hydrogen bond）", "B": "糖苷鍵（N-β-glycosyl bond）", "C": "磷酸二酯鍵（phosphodiester bond）", "D": "醯胺鍵（amide bond）"}, "answer": "糖苷鍵（N-β-glycosyl bond）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "15歲的林小弟從出生以來就為排便問題常到醫院求助。最近醫師再度為他做鋇劑灌腸X光檢查，影像如附圖。林小弟最可能患了什麼病？", "options": {"A": "腸扭結（volvulus）", "B": "結腸炎（colitis）", "C": "Hirschsprung氏病（Hirschsprung's disease）", "D": "腸套疊（intussusception）"}, "answer": "Hirschsprung氏病（Hirschsprung's disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "5 下列麻醉藥物中何者會同時增加血壓（arterial blood pressure）、心跳速率（heart rate）和心輸出量 （cardiac output），而與其他麻醉藥物明顯不同？ \n", "options": {"A": "Ketamine", "B": "Midazolam", "C": "Propofol", "D": "Thiopental"}, "answer": "Thiopental", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當外傷病人需轉送至創傷中心（trauma center）時，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "轉送醫師（referring doctor）與接受醫師（receiving doctor）應彼此聯繫", "B": "對於頭部外傷合併昏迷病人，要先做氣管內插管（Endotracheal intubation）再轉院", "C": "對於胸部外傷合併氣胸病人，要先置放胸管才能由直升機轉院", "D": "對於腹部外傷合併肝臟出血病人，只要血壓穩定便可建議不轉院"}, "answer": "對於腹部外傷合併肝臟出血病人，只要血壓穩定便可建議不轉院", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "林醫師是H鎮的衛生所主任，他依據Sidney Kark社區導向之基層醫療（community-oriented primary care）作H鎮的青少年吸菸防治工作；調查發現H鎮的青少年吸菸由國中時開始。經過與鎮民代表商議後，選擇某國中為試辦對象；林醫師下一步的工作為何？", "options": {"A": "界定社區的範圍", "B": "利用流行病學方法找尋健康問題", "C": "擬定解決健康問題之方案", "D": "邀請社區參與評估"}, "answer": "擬定解決健康問題之方案", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關肺臟淋巴系統敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "位於氣管分支交角下方之淋巴結稱為主動脈弓淋巴結（aortic arch node）", "B": "右上肺葉淋巴匯入胸管（thoracic duct）", "C": "肺臟淋巴管系統主要與肺動脈伴行", "D": "左下肺葉淋巴匯入下氣管支氣管淋巴結（inferior tracheobronchial nodes）"}, "answer": "左下肺葉淋巴匯入下氣管支氣管淋巴結（inferior tracheobronchial nodes）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "霍亂毒素（cholera toxin）是經由下列何種機制引起嚴重腹瀉（diarrhea）？", "options": {"A": "腸上皮細胞內cAMP↓", "B": "氯離子通道（chloride channel）打開，氯離子分泌入腸腔", "C": "鉀離子通道（potassium channel）打開，鉀離子大量被吸收入腸上皮細胞", "D": "抑制水分吸收"}, "answer": "氯離子通道（chloride channel）打開，氯離子分泌入腸腔", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "使用深度低溫體外循環合併循環完全停止（Deep hypothermia with circulation arrest）來作主動脈弓部動脈瘤手術，則下列何項並不是此技術之優點？", "options": {"A": "循環完全停止，手術視野較清楚，有利於血管吻合", "B": "低溫下，蛋白質變性，血管壁變硬，有利於吻合", "C": "主動脈不用夾住，可以減少動脈壁傷害", "D": "在低溫下，循環可完全停止 30 至 45 分鐘，而不致引起腦部不可逆的傷害"}, "answer": "低溫下，蛋白質變性，血管壁變硬，有利於吻合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個 3 個月大的女嬰，出生時身體檢查可以在胸骨左側上緣聽到心縮期雜音，其他發育大致正常。但約 1 個月之後，發現嬰兒在餵奶時，要花較長的時間，體重增加較慢，躺在床上觀察時，嬰兒呼吸次數很快，有肋緣下陷情形，胸部 X 光及心電圖如圖示。此時嬰兒最可能的病變是：", "options": {"A": "可能有左至右分流病變，造成心臟衰竭", "B": "可能有右至左分流病變，造成缺氧", "C": "可能是上呼吸道感染", "D": "可能是肺動脈瓣狹窄，造成右心衰竭"}, "answer": "可能有左至右分流病變，造成心臟衰竭", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關兒童心臟肥大病患在站立胸部 X 光所見的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "心臟肥大係指心臟相對於胸腔橫徑比例大於 60%", "B": "胸部 X 光側位像主要是評估右心房是否肥大", "C": "心臟肥大合併肺水腫不常見肺泡填充斑塊陰影（alveolar edema）", "D": "心臟肥大合併肺水腫不常見合併間質條紋（interstitial edema）"}, "answer": "心臟肥大係指心臟相對於胸腔橫徑比例大於 60%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位58歲婦女，因下腹部悶痛且大便次數頻繁至大腸直腸外科門診，下列何者不是門診須立刻安排的檢查項目？", "options": {"A": "腹部理學檢查", "B": "肛門指診", "C": "陰道指診", "D": "電腦斷層"}, "answer": "電腦斷層", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 4 歲的小弟弟最近走路常不小心撞牆跌倒，家長無意間發現其左眼呈白瞳現象（white pupil），故帶至眼科門診檢查。請問下列何者處置較不適當？", "options": {"A": "安排左眼切片檢查（Surgical biopsy） \t", "B": "安排眼部超音波檢查（B-scan）", "C": "安排眼窩部斷層掃描檢查（Orbital CT scan）", "D": "散瞳後以間接眼底鏡觀察眼底（Indirect Ophthalmoscopy）"}, "answer": "安排左眼切片檢查（Surgical biopsy） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "14\n 下列何者會直接跨越輸尿管？\n", "options": {"A": "卵巢", "B": "輸卵管", "C": "輸精管", "D": "儲精囊"}, "answer": "輸精管", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "80 許先生被診斷罹患慢性 B 型肝炎 10 多年，例行性的肝功能及超音波檢查只發現輕微脂肪肝以及輕微肝功能異常。半年前，許先生的父親被診斷罹患肝細胞癌，而且診斷時已經是肝癌末期，經過治療後於 1 個多月前過世。許先生開始擔心自己是否也可能罹患肝癌，要求主治醫師張醫師幫他進行電腦斷層掃描，雖然電腦斷層掃描只發現輕微脂肪肝，許先生還是非常擔心電腦斷層掃描沒有辦法檢查出他可能罹患的肝癌，因此進一步要求張醫師幫他安排磁振影像（MRI）檢查及血管攝影檢查。 如果你是張醫師，你認為怎麼做比較合適？ \n", "options": {"A": "不要安排 MRI 檢查及血管攝影檢查，只要建議許先生繼續追蹤，因為這些檢查對於許先生並沒有幫助，還可能增加風險", "B": "不要安排 MRI 檢查及血管攝影檢查，只要建議許先生繼續追蹤，因為這些檢查可能會被健保核退", "C": "幫忙安排 MRI 檢查及血管攝影檢查，以減少可能的醫療糾紛", "D": "幫忙安排 MRI 檢查及血管攝影檢查，以增加醫院及個人的業績"}, "answer": "不要安排 MRI 檢查及血管攝影檢查，只要建議許先生繼續追蹤，因為這些檢查對於許先生並沒有幫助，還可能增加風險", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "顏面神經若受傷不會產生下列何項症狀？", "options": {"A": "嘴角下垂", "B": "食物堆積在口腔前庭", "C": "微笑表情障礙", "D": "提上眼瞼肌無力"}, "answer": "提上眼瞼肌無力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於肝內膽管結石之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常見於東南亞，臺灣亦是好發地區", "B": "大多伴隨有膽道狹窄或感染", "C": "手術須矯治相關膽道異常並清除結石，大多數病人可一次手術治癒", "D": "必要時亦須考慮切除部分肝臟"}, "answer": "手術須矯治相關膽道異常並清除結石，大多數病人可一次手術治癒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物是經由抑制 muscarinic receptor 而達到治療尿失禁的作用？", "options": {"A": "Pirenzepine", "B": "Oxybutynin", "C": "Tropicamide", "D": "Clidinium"}, "answer": "Oxybutynin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "59 一位 42 歲女性，近 3 年來右耳聽力逐漸喪失，經常性頭暈，偶而會有眩暈的現象，一星期前出現右 側周邊性顏面神經麻痺（peripheral type facial palsy）。腦幹聽覺誘發電位（brainstem auditory evoked potential）檢查發現有耳蝸後病變（retrocochlear pathology）。在家族史方面，患者之弟弟罹患兩側性\n 聽神經瘤。下列何者是患者最可能罹患的遺傳性疾病？ \n", "options": {"A": "結節性硬化症（tuberous sclerosis）", "B": "第一型神經纖維瘤（neurofibromatosis type I）", "C": "唐氏症（Down syndrome）", "D": "第二型神經纖維瘤（neurofibromatosis type II）"}, "answer": "第二型神經纖維瘤（neurofibromatosis type II）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一位病人較不可能有子宮內膜異位症（endometriosis）？", "options": {"A": "19 歲女性，有周期性骨盆腔疼痛，以及不相連通的雙角子宮（bicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating uterine horn）", "B": "28 歲女性，有周期性骨盆腔疼痛，媽媽和姊姊都有子宮內膜異位症的病史", "C": "28 歲女性，有經血過多（menorrhagia）及一顆 4 公分的黏膜下肌瘤（submucosal myoma）", "D": "32 歲女性，有經痛（dysmenorrhea）和不孕的問題，身體診查發現子宮位置不易移動且後傾（fixed and retroverted uterus）"}, "answer": "28 歲女性，有經血過多（menorrhagia）及一顆 4 公分的黏膜下肌瘤（submucosal myoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列對於雙極性疾患（bipolar disorder）藥物治療之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "電痙攣治療（electroconvulsive therapy）只對鬱期有效，對於躁期則無效", "B": "在治療混合型（mixed type）之雙極性疾患，lithium 之效果大於 valproate", "C": "carbamazepine 與 lamotrigine 均可能會產生史帝文生-強生症候群（Stevens-Johnson syndrome）", "D": "便秘是 lithium 常見之副作用"}, "answer": "carbamazepine 與 lamotrigine 均可能會產生史帝文生-強生症候群（Stevens-Johnson syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者具有明顯抗血小板凝集作用？", "options": {"A": "serotonin", "B": "abciximab", "C": "urokinase", "D": "epinephrine"}, "answer": "abciximab", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "4.有位病人自訴近3個月來，肚子愈來愈脹，食慾愈來愈差，但每天仍有大便。就醫時身體診察發現腹部有位移性鈍音（shifting dullness），肚臍周圍有些血管，肝臟摸不到，脾臟鈍音 （splenic dullness）長度增加。關於這位病人之病情，下列各項敘述，何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "這位病人很可能有肝門脈高壓（portal hypertension）", "B": "確立其診斷之最便宜有效之檢查為腹部超音波掃描", "C": "若有腹水且抽取出來呈透明淡黃色，其serum-ascites albumin gradient（SAAG）應 < 1.1", "D": "首要治療應考慮服用利尿劑，包括aldosterone inhibitor"}, "answer": "若有腹水且抽取出來呈透明淡黃色，其serum-ascites albumin gradient（SAAG）應 < 1.1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "大腸內容物中最常見的細菌為：", "options": {"A": "漫長的手術過程", "B": "病人術後長久不動", "C": "肥胖病人", "D": "長期未進食"}, "answer": "漫長的手術過程", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那⼀個敘述最符合在休息狀態下，⼼房纖維顫動（atrial fibrillation）的病患之⾝體情況？", "options": {"A": "⼼電圖上P波較正常⼈明顯", "B": "⼼電圖上QRS波正常但R-R間隔不規則", "C": "⼼室充⾎（ventricular filling）效率明顯下降了30～40%或更多", "D": "因為房室結（A-V node）傳導的延遲，⼼室跳動速率明顯下降"}, "answer": "⼼電圖上QRS波正常但R-R間隔不規則", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位26歲負責工廠會計工作之許小姐，身體一向健康，近2星期常覺得疲倦，皮膚出現紅疹（rash），全身無力，幾天前發現小腿有些腫脹感，尿液也呈現淡茶褐色，而至門診求助。你認為這位許小姐，最可能的診斷是什麼？", "options": {"A": "重症肌無力症（myasthenia gravis）", "B": "皮肌炎（dermatomyositis）", "C": "肌強直性失養症（myotonic dystrophy）", "D": "代謝性肌病變（metabolic myopathy）"}, "answer": "皮肌炎（dermatomyositis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Urea cycle enzyme deficiency 是罕見的遺傳代謝疾病，下列何種 amino acid 未參與 urea cycle？", "options": {"A": "phenylalanine", "B": "arginine", "C": "citrulline", "D": "ornithine"}, "answer": "phenylalanine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關預防嬰幼兒過敏的觀念，下列敘述何者最不恰當？", "options": {"A": "孕婦飲食不需避免高過敏食物（例如海鮮、花生等）", "B": "應延遲添加嬰幼兒副食品至6個月大之後", "C": "母乳哺育對於預防氣喘的效果不確定", "D": "目前國際指引尚未建議嬰幼兒常規性使用益生菌來預防過敏"}, "answer": "應延遲添加嬰幼兒副食品至6個月大之後", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 69 歲女性病人主訴近 1 個月逐漸加劇之背痛病史。影像檢查顯示 T11 脊椎體塌陷，胸椎體及腰椎體並有多個骨溶解變化。骨髓抹片如附圖。下列併發變化中，何者較少見？", "options": {"A": "高鈣血症（hypercalcemia） \t", "B": "紅血球沈降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate）增加", "C": "漿細胞白血病（plasma cell leukemia）", "D": "類澱粉沈積（amyloidosis）"}, "answer": "漿細胞白血病（plasma cell leukemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6 35 歲女性因水腫就診。病人以前身體很好，最近三週有時微燒，但她不在意，因為用 acetaminophen 可以退燒。最近一週發現足踝水腫，並且出現頭痛、腰痠痛。理學檢查：體溫 38℃，脈搏 98/分，血壓 164/96 mmHg，皮膚無皮疹，左側脖子有兩顆淋巴結，心臟、胸腔和腹部正常。下肢有輕度水腫。尿液分析：蛋白質 300 mg/dL，每高倍鏡下 RBC 35-45, WBC 15-20, RBC casts 2-4。全血球數檢查 0 g/dL, WBC 4,500/mm3, platelet 120,000/mm3；血液生化檢查：BUN 35 mg/dL，肌酸酐 1.6 mg/dL。先作下列那個處置是最適當的？", "options": {"A": "給予降血壓藥物 Amlodipine 每天 5 mg，一個月後再作尿液分析和生化檢查", "B": "檢查血清補體濃度，並限制鹽分攝取", "C": "心臟超音波檢查，並給予利尿劑", "D": "胸部 X 光檢查，並給予抗生素兩週"}, "answer": "檢查血清補體濃度，並限制鹽分攝取", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位母親帶兩歲大幼兒至門診接受健康檢查，擔心孩子比同年齡的小孩發展較慢。下列那一個狀況需要轉介至聯合評估中心做進一步的發展評估？", "options": {"A": "講話ㄓㄔㄕ發音不清楚", "B": "無法認出四種顏色", "C": "不會用手正確的指出自己的五官", "D": "不會說四個\t的短句"}, "answer": "不會用手正確的指出自己的五官", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "55 歲陳先生因為膽結石接受腹腔鏡膽囊切除，手術過程中麻醉科醫師發現病人血壓下降，則下列何種處置不恰當？", "options": {"A": "檢查腹腔內有無出血", "B": "提高二氧化碳氣腹壓力設定", "C": "抽血做動脈血分析", "D": "將手術台調回正常水平位置 49\t根據AJCC-TNM（第 6 版）系統以及Modified Astler-Coller的分期，一個T4N0M0，stage IIB的大腸直腸B 癌相當於後者的那一期？"}, "answer": "提高二氧化碳氣腹壓力設定", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "這幾天天氣較冷，50歲女性，感覺喉嚨不舒服，她以為是小感冒不以為意，3天後喉嚨痛更厲害，頸部腫脹並有牙關緊閉（trismus）的情況，而且呼吸有點困難合併有喘鳴音（stridor），病人最可能是下列何者診斷？", "options": {"A": "Ludwig's angina", "B": "Pharyngitis", "C": "Peritonsillar abscess", "D": "Parapharyngeal abscess"}, "answer": "Ludwig's angina", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何遺傳性疾病出生時外觀和唐氏症（Down syndrome）很像？", "options": {"A": "Zellweger syndrome \t", "B": "Refsum disease", "C": "Adrenoleukodystrophy", "D": "Canavan disease"}, "answer": "Zellweger syndrome \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關視網膜的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "視盤（optic disc）位於視網膜底部，內有中央凹（fovea centralis），是視覺最敏銳的地方", "B": "由睫後短動脈（short posterior ciliary arteries）來提供視網膜外層區域養分", "C": "錐細胞（cones）與桿細胞（rods）的養分主要由視網膜中央動脈（central retinal artery）提供", "D": "視網膜的非視覺部（non-visual retinal part）不含色素細胞"}, "answer": "由睫後短動脈（short posterior ciliary arteries）來提供視網膜外層區域養分", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是最易造成人體內源性感染（endogenous infection）的厭氧菌？", "options": {"A": "產氣莢膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）", "B": "鬆脆類桿菌（Bacteroides fragilis）", "C": "短雙歧桿菌（Bifidobacterium breve）", "D": "炭疽桿菌（Bacillus anthracis）"}, "answer": "鬆脆類桿菌（Bacteroides fragilis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某位 21 歲孕婦，G1P0，妊娠 31 週，半夜突然下腹劇痛與陰道大出血，被急送至院求診。理學檢查發現血壓 90/50 mmHg，子宮強烈收縮，硬如木板。胎心率監視器呈現胎兒窘迫，於是緊急剖腹產。手術中發現子宮肌層及漿膜層廣泛性滲血。則下列診斷何者為錯誤？", "options": {"A": "「子宮胎盤中風」（Uteroplacental apoplexy）", "B": "「庫爾萊爾式子宮」（Couvelaire uterus）", "C": "前置胎盤 \t", "D": "胎盤早期剝離"}, "answer": "前置胎盤 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是屬於體染色體顯性遺傳（autosomal dominant inheritance）？", "options": {"A": "威爾森氏症（Wilson's disease）", "B": "Friedreich 氏共濟失調（Friedreich's ataxia）", "C": "亨丁頓舞蹈症（Huntington's disease）", "D": "脊髓性肌肉萎縮症（spinal muscular atrophy）"}, "answer": "亨丁頓舞蹈症（Huntington's disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於青少年肌抽躍癲癇（juvenile myoclonic epilepsy）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "肌抽躍發作（myoclonic seizure）常發生於清晨剛睡醒或疲勞時", "B": "亞急性硬化全腦炎（subacute sclerosing panencephalitis）是常見的病因之一", "C": "每秒 4 到 6 次的不規則多重棘波（4- to 6-Hz irregular polyspikes）為其特徵性之腦電圖（EEG）表現", "D": "屬於良性的原發性全面性癲癇（idiopathic generalized epilepsy）之一"}, "answer": "亞急性硬化全腦炎（subacute sclerosing panencephalitis）是常見的病因之一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "產後噴乳反射（milk ejection）是因何者引起？", "options": {"A": "泌乳素（prolactin）", "B": "催產素（oxytocin）", "C": "前列腺素（prostaglandin）", "D": "多巴胺（dopamine）"}, "answer": "催產素（oxytocin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲男性，最近數月有反覆性腹部絞痛（colic pain），理學檢查發現嘴唇、口腔黏膜及手指、掌處有黑色素斑，如圖所示。消化道內視鏡檢查發現有多處息肉，針對此一疾病，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "息肉好發於空腸（jejunum）", "B": "息肉有超過 50%會轉為惡性", "C": "最常合併的惡性腫瘤為胃癌", "D": "為體染色體隱性遺傳疾病"}, "answer": "息肉好發於空腸（jejunum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於老年憂鬱疾患的特點，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "憂鬱症越晚發病，復發的可能性越高", "B": "和年輕族群相較，老年憂鬱患者較常強調身體不適，可能造成臨床上被低估", "C": "假性失智（pseudodementia）現象發生在老年憂鬱患者的比例不在少數，約略有 15%", "D": "年齡本身是發展成憂鬱症的重要危險因子"}, "answer": "年齡本身是發展成憂鬱症的重要危險因子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關肌失養症（muscular dystrophy）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是一種遺傳疾病 \t", "B": "主要是侵犯肢體肌肉，但有時可侵犯顏面肌肉", "C": "CPK 值有可能升高 \t", "D": "使用 testosterone 有療效"}, "answer": "使用 testosterone 有療效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者由尺神經（ulnar nerve）支配？", "options": {"A": "拇指對掌肌（opponens pollicis）", "B": "外展拇指短肌（abductor pollicis brevis）", "C": "屈拇指短肌（flexor pollicis brevis）", "D": "內收拇指肌（adductor pollicis）"}, "answer": "內收拇指肌（adductor pollicis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於卵巢過度刺激症候群（Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, OHSS）的症狀或表徵？", "options": {"A": "尿量減少 \t", "B": "血比容（hematocrit）降低", "C": "體重增加 \t", "D": "呼吸變喘"}, "answer": "血比容（hematocrit）降低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一項不是臺灣地區 G-6-PD（Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase）缺乏症的特徵？", "options": {"A": "常有新生兒黃疸現象", "B": "遇到誘因會發生急性溶血", "C": "為遺傳性疾病 \t", "D": "平時需輸血治療"}, "answer": "平時需輸血治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關圓禿（alopecia areata），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "大多無其他症狀 \t \t", "B": "可能導致所有的頭髮脫落，稱 alopecia totalis", "C": "可能導致全身所有的毛髮脫落，稱 alopecia universalis", "D": "圓禿多數預後差，掉髮無法復原"}, "answer": "圓禿多數預後差，掉髮無法復原", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種激素（hormone）刺激胰臟分泌富含碳酸氫根（bicarbonate）的鹼性胰液？", "options": {"A": "胃泌素（gastrin） \t", "B": "運動素（motilin）", "C": "胰泌素（secretin） \t", "D": "體抑素（somatostatin）"}, "answer": "胰泌素（secretin） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "40 一位 40 歲女性病患，右側頸部有二個固定且無痛性腫塊，皆約 2×2 公分，經切片檢查證實為瀰漫性 B 細胞淋巴癌（diffuse large B cell lymphoma），下列檢查或治療，何者最不適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "抽血檢查 lactate dehydrogenase", "B": "使用單株抗體藥物 trastuzumab 治療", "C": "骨髓切片檢查 \t", "D": "電腦斷層檢查"}, "answer": "使用單株抗體藥物 trastuzumab 治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 69 歲男性常感覺口中有酸物質且會有心灼熱感（heartburn），最近體重增加 10 公斤後感覺更嚴重。平時有抽菸，內視鏡檢查初步診斷為逆流性食道炎。給予 omeprazole 外，以下之建議何者和逆流性食道炎之照顧較無關係？", "options": {"A": "睡覺時枕頭墊高使頭部抬高約 10 公分", "B": "減輕體重", "C": "建議低鈉飲食", "D": "睡前 2 小時避免飲食"}, "answer": "建議低鈉飲食", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "測量子宮內生長遲緩（intrauterine growth restriction）胎兒的臍帶動脈之杜卜勒血流時，出現下列何種波形，表示胎兒血液循環有嚴重障礙，通常要儘快生產？", "options": {"A": "Reversed end-diastolic flow", "B": "S/D ratio＜3.0", "C": "S/D ratio＜2.0 \t", "D": "S/D ratio＜1.0"}, "answer": "Reversed end-diastolic flow", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關全身性紅斑狼瘡（SLE）的各種併發症的描述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "狼瘡腎炎中以 diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis 最為嚴重 \t", "B": "圓盤狀狼瘡病變（discoid lupus）不會留下任何瘢痕", "C": "中樞神經併發症中以橫斷性脊髓炎（transverse myelitis）最為常見", "D": "血管栓塞應與血小板的增加有關"}, "answer": "狼瘡腎炎中以 diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis 最為嚴重 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "57 18 歲女性無過去病史，因右下腹痛入院，診斷是急性闌尾炎，下午 3 點送入開刀房手術，麻醉採用 Tetracaine 的脊椎麻醉（Spinal anesthesia）。最適當的脊椎麻醉阻斷高度（level）為： \n", "options": {"A": "L1", "B": "L4", "C": "T4", "D": "T6"}, "answer": "T6", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於代謝症候群（metabolic syndrome），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "會增加心血管疾病的風險", "B": "與胰島素阻抗（insulin resistance）有關", "C": "肥胖是診斷之必要條件", "D": "血糖會增高，但未必達糖尿病之診斷標準"}, "answer": "肥胖是診斷之必要條件", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關苯酮尿症（Phenylketonuria）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "為體染色體顯性遺傳模式，主要為Phenylalanine hydroxylase（PAH）或 Tetrahydrobiopterin（BH4） defect所", "B": "典型的苯酮尿症患者，出現發展遲緩，嘔吐，皮膚毛髮顏色變淡等症狀", "C": "為避免智力受損，需限制苯丙胺酸（Phenylalanine）的攝食，建議維持血中苯丙胺酸在2 mg/dL以下", "D": "生育期之女性苯酮尿症（Phenylketonuria）患者，更應該嚴格控制血中苯丙胺酸（Phenylalanine）濃度，以"}, "answer": "典型的苯酮尿症患者，出現發展遲緩，嘔吐，皮膚毛髮顏色變淡等症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某人因角膜發炎並有畏光、疼痛和流淚等症狀，經眼科醫師診斷後，認為該人受披衣菌感染，是為砂眼（trachoma）。下列何種抗生素常用於此眼疾的治療？", "options": {"A": "doxycycline", "B": "vancomycin", "C": "penicillin", "D": "bacitracin"}, "answer": "doxycycline", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "65 歲的王先生平時有服用威而剛（Viagra）的習慣。病人最近因為心絞痛，開始服用 nitroglycerin，醫師告誡他最好不要同時使用這兩種藥，主要的考量是擔心造成下列何種副作用？", "options": {"A": "氣喘", "B": "低血壓", "C": "胃潰瘍", "D": "猛爆性肝炎"}, "answer": "低血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "對肥胖孕婦，判斷胎位，何者最實用？", "options": {"A": "Leopold 檢查技巧", "B": "X 光檢查", "C": "超音波檢查", "D": "核磁共振檢查"}, "answer": "超音波檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "心肌中最容易並且最先因冠狀動脈血流減少而缺氧損傷的區域是：", "options": {"A": "心內膜下區（subendocardial zone）", "B": "心外膜區（epicardial zone）", "C": "心肌中層（mid-myocardial zone）", "D": "整層心壁（transmural zone）"}, "answer": "心內膜下區（subendocardial zone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "Acanthosis nigricans 常合併：", "options": {"A": "消瘦", "B": "低血糖", "C": "乳房白斑", "D": "無排卵性月經"}, "answer": "無排卵性月經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於calcium pyrophosphate deposition（CPPD）和calcium apatite deposition引起的關節炎之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "CPPD引起的急性關節炎與急性痛風性關節炎（acute gouty arthritis）臨床表現很相似", "B": "CPPD引起的急性關節炎常發⽣在年輕男性，因此要利⽤關節液結晶分析來和其他關節炎做鑑別診斷", "C": "calcium apatite deposition引起的關節與關節附近發炎，更容易發⽣在慢性腎臟衰竭合併有 hyperphosphatemia的病⼈", "D": "CPPD與calcium apatite deposition結晶引起的關節炎皆可⽤colchicine和glucocorticoid治療"}, "answer": "CPPD引起的急性關節炎常發⽣在年輕男性，因此要利⽤關節液結晶分析來和其他關節炎做鑑別診斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 40 歲的女性，近半年來呈現持續過度的擔心，這樣的擔心令她難以控制，而且擔心時出現不安、全身緊繃、容易疲倦與睡眠障礙，以上困擾造成她明顯的苦惱。關於此個案的敘述與處理，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "須考慮是否有任何身體疾病，在醫療的處置上，需先評估個案的標準生化檢查、心電圖與甲狀腺功能檢查", "B": "鑑別診斷上，醫療人員需考量咖啡中毒、興奮劑濫用、酒精戒斷與精神作用藥物戒斷", "C": "主要的心理治療方式為認知行為治療、支持性心理治療、病識感導向心理治療", "D": "除非併發憂鬱症，否則最好不要使用抗憂鬱劑，以免症狀更嚴重"}, "answer": "除非併發憂鬱症，否則最好不要使用抗憂鬱劑，以免症狀更嚴重", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "26 一位 29 歲女性，G1P0，妊娠 38 週，因陣痛入院待產。起初產程進展正常，後來出現了產程遲滯的 現象。若子宮頸停止擴張多少小時以上，謂之「次發性擴張停止」（secondary arrest of dilatation）？ \n", "options": {"A": "0.5 小時", "B": "1 小時", "C": "1.5 小時", "D": "2 小時"}, "answer": "2 小時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位60歲男性病人因在診所發現有心搏過緩合併低血壓被轉診至醫院，若病史顯示病人可能有中毒或藥物過量，下列何者藥物最不可能有上述的症狀？", "options": {"A": "Organophosphates", "B": "Carbamates", "C": "Clonidine", "D": "Antihistamines"}, "answer": "Antihistamines", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "粒線體進行電子傳遞過程中容易產生下列何種對細胞有害的物質？", "options": {"A": "reactive oxygen species（ROS）", "B": "CO", "C": "NH3 \t", "D": "O2"}, "answer": "reactive oxygen species（ROS）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一項是對呼吸系統及眼部黏膜具刺激性之空氣污染物？", "options": {"A": "CO2", "B": "CO", "C": "O3", "D": "CH4"}, "answer": "O3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列絛蟲中，何者之成蟲體型最小？", "options": {"A": "多胞絛蟲（Echinococcus multilocularis）", "B": "短小包膜絛蟲（Hymenolepis nana）", "C": "縮小包膜絛蟲（Hymenolepis diminuta）", "D": "犬複殖器絛蟲（Dipylidium caninum）"}, "answer": "多胞絛蟲（Echinococcus multilocularis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關網狀系統（reticular formation）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "與意識狀態（consciousness）和清醒（arousal）有關", "B": "參與體運動系統之調控", "C": "由多向性神經纖維組成，但不含神經細胞本體", "D": "延腦、橋腦與中腦均含有網狀系統"}, "answer": "由多向性神經纖維組成，但不含神經細胞本體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "19.一位 65歲男性病人因左前胸痛至急診室求診，下列敘述何者正確？①急性主動脈剝離為鑑別診斷之一 ② 若診斷急性B型主動脈剝離，可考慮以主動脈內血管支架（endovascular aortic graft）治療 ③若診斷急性心 肌梗塞，須考慮經皮冠狀動脈處置（percutaneous coronary intervention） ④若診斷急性心肌梗塞，須立即執行冠狀動脈繞道術\n", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "①③④", "C": "僅②④", "D": "僅④"}, "answer": "①②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那個實\t技術可用於評估蛋白質的分子量？", "options": {"A": "十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳（SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis）", "B": "等電聚焦分離凝膠電泳（isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis）", "C": "離子交換樹脂管柱層析法（ion-exchange chromatography）", "D": "紫外-可見光分光度法（ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy）"}, "answer": "十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳（SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "最常轉移到膀胱之癌症為：", "options": {"A": "黑色素瘤", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "胃癌", "D": "乳癌"}, "answer": "黑色素瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "全身性硬化症（systemic sclerosis）的最常見初發症狀為：", "options": {"A": "Raynaud's phenomenon", "B": "Skin thickening", "C": "Dysphagia \t", "D": "Exertional dyspnea"}, "answer": "Raynaud's phenomenon", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是源於神經細胞（neural crest cell）？", "options": {"A": "咽囊", "B": "咽弓", "C": "腎上腺髓質", "D": "動脈幹之球"}, "answer": "咽囊", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關性病及病原菌配對，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "chancre-Treponema pallidum", "B": "chancroid-Haemophilus ducreyi", "C": "lymphogranuloma venereum-Chlamydia trachomatis", "D": "granuloma inguinale（Donovanosis）-Mycoplasma genitalium"}, "answer": "granuloma inguinale（Donovanosis）-Mycoplasma genitalium", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "對心臟而言，法蘭克-史達林定律（Frank-Starling law）之意為何？", "options": {"A": "心室舒張末期體積愈大則心搏出量愈小", "B": "心室舒張末期體積愈大則心搏出量愈大", "C": "心室收縮末期體積愈大則心搏出量愈小", "D": "心室收縮末期體積愈大則心搏出量愈大"}, "answer": "心室舒張末期體積愈大則心搏出量愈大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在續發性高血液凝固狀態（hypercoagulable states）的因素中，下列何者發生血栓的風險相對性最低？", "options": {"A": "細胞的DNA破壞", "B": "p21的活化", "C": "Cyclin A/cdk 1被活化", "D": "長期臥床"}, "answer": "長期臥床", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在統計推論做雙尾檢定時，經計算得 p 值為 0.04，若其他條件不變，改做單尾檢定，其 p 值會有何種變化？", "options": {"A": "變大 \t \t", "B": "變小", "C": "如果變項是常態分布的情況下會變大，若不是則變小", "D": "如果變項是常態分布的情況下會變小，若不是則變大"}, "answer": "變小", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "因車禍造成的膀胱破裂，以下何者正確？", "options": {"A": "腹膜外膀胱破裂（extraperitoneal bladder rupture）的手術原則，是直接以腹膜外探查再進行縫合，而不須要腹膜內探查", "B": "骨盆骨折的病患，約有15%合併有膀胱或尿道受傷", "C": "腹膜內膀胱破裂（intraperitoneal bladder rupture）的手術原則，是以腹膜外探查並且進行膀胱傷口縫合，而不須要打開腹膜探查", "D": "腹膜外膀胱破裂（extraperitoneal bladder rupture）之膀胱攝影（cystography）可發現顯影劑分布在腸道之間"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折的病患，約有15%合併有膀胱或尿道受傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關phosphodiesterase-5（PDE5）inhibitors 治療勃起功能障礙之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "sildenafil、vardenafil及tadalafil均為美國FDA核准治療勃起功能障礙的PDE5 inhibitors", "B": "頭痛，臉潮紅為服用PDE5 inhibitors常見的副作用", "C": "PDE5 inhibitors可與nitrates同時服用", "D": "服用PDE5 inhibitors後須有性刺激才可達到勃起"}, "answer": "PDE5 inhibitors可與nitrates同時服用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "21歲男性打籃球時，跳投後不慎跌倒右手\t地，右前臂明顯腫脹，X光檢查顯示尺骨近端骨折合併橈骨頭脫位，此種骨折稱為：", "options": {"A": "Colles fracture", "B": "Chauffeur's fracture", "C": "Galeazzi's fracture", "D": "Monteggia's fracture"}, "answer": "Monteggia's fracture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "72.相較於haloperidol，非典型抗精神病藥物olanzapine比較不會造成錐體外症候群（extrapyramidal symptoms）， 下列何者為其可能的作用原因？\n", "options": {"A": "olanzapine活化α-adrenergic receptor", "B": "olanzapine抑制突觸前dopamine釋放", "C": "olanzapine與D2 dopamine receptor的親和力較低", "D": "olanzapine對D1 dopamine receptor的親和力較高"}, "answer": "olanzapine與D2 dopamine receptor的親和力較低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "49 張女士因卵巢惡性腫瘤接受卵巢癌減積手術。手術後檢體發現右側卵巢與輸卵管有惡性細胞，左側則無，淋巴結無侵犯。大網膜有許多約 1 公分之結節，證實為相同之惡性細胞。在 FIGO（International  Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics）分期上屬於第幾期？ \n", "options": {"A": "IIB", "B": "IIC", "C": "IIIA", "D": "IIIB"}, "answer": "IIIB", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 53 歲婦女，6 個月無月經，期間有熱潮紅、夜間盜汗、情緒容易急躁。她接受荷爾蒙療法緩解這些症狀；但治療 6 個月後，發現每天有少量陰道出血。此時那個處置最合適？", "options": {"A": "陰道超音波檢查 \t", "B": "子宮鏡子宮內膜燒灼術  \t", "C": "觀察 \t", "D": "子宮切除手術"}, "answer": "陰道超音波檢查 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種節肢動物，主要以機械性傳播（mechanical transmission）方式媒介病原體？", "options": {"A": "蚊（mosquito）", "B": "家蠅（house fly）", "C": "跳蚤（flea）", "D": "體蝨（body louse）"}, "answer": "家蠅（house fly）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關第一型肺泡細胞（type-I pneumocyte）之敘述，何項正確？", "options": {"A": "細胞內有膜狀的層狀體（lamellar body）", "B": "主要功能是吞噬灰塵或紅血球", "C": "與內皮細胞（endothelial cell）組成氣血屏障（air-blood barrier）", "D": "在肺泡細胞中占60%，但僅覆蓋5%的肺泡表面（alveolar air surface）"}, "answer": "與內皮細胞（endothelial cell）組成氣血屏障（air-blood barrier）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關川崎症（Kawasaki disease）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "亞洲國家（例如日本、臺灣、韓國等）發生率比歐美國家高", "B": "目前病原尚不清楚", "C": "急性期可能造成膽囊水腫（hydrops of gallbladder）", "D": "屢次復發會導致永久性心臟瓣膜病變"}, "answer": "屢次復發會導致永久性心臟瓣膜病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲之男性在接受例行一年一次的健檢時，於大腸鏡檢查中發現在升結腸處有一個 1 公分半的粗莖性（thick stalk）息肉，經內視鏡息肉切除術處理後，病理診斷為一個管狀腺瘤合併有局部腺癌，而且其腺癌只侷限在黏膜層內，尚未侵犯黏膜肌層，息肉底部的切除也夠完全，此時該如何處置？", "options": {"A": "進一步作右半側大腸切除 \t", "B": "作升結腸的部分節段切除（segmental resection）", "C": "作息肉基部周圍的升結腸局部切除（local excision）", "D": "觀察、追蹤即可"}, "answer": "觀察、追蹤即可", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關影響精子形成的激素，那一項敘述錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Testosterone 由 Leydig cell 所分泌 \t", "B": "Follicle-stimulating hormone 由 Anterior pituitary 所分泌", "C": "經 Follicle-stimulating hormone 刺激後，Sertoli cell 可將 Testosterone 轉化成 Estrogen", "D": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 由 Anterior pituitary 所分泌"}, "answer": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 由 Anterior pituitary 所分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "31 一位 54 歲的男性最近半年來時常發生流鼻血並有倦怠及食慾不振，照胸部 X-ray 發現有多處腫瘤樣陰影存在（如附圖左側）。經由 VAT 作肺組織切片，其病理組織如附圖右側。血清學檢查發現 cANCA  4 U/mL。最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Non-small cell carcinoma", "B": "Tuberculoma", "C": "Wegener's granulomatosis", "D": "Mesothelioma"}, "answer": "Wegener's granulomatosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "75 某日某甲感到上腹疼痛，次日疼痛更為嚴重。體檢發現病人腹部有壓痛及反彈痛，腹肌僵直。站立胸  腹部 X 光照相如圖所示。則最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "腸胃穿孔（GI tract perforation） \t", "B": "腸堵塞（Intestinal obstruction）", "C": "腹膜炎（Peritonitis）  \t", "D": "肝膿瘍（Liver abscess）"}, "answer": "腸胃穿孔（GI tract perforation） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "80.陳醫師是一位很有名的骨科醫師，因龐大的病人服務量，陳醫師得到很高的薪水，並為醫院創造很可觀的業績。王醫師是陳醫師的同事，發現陳醫師為創造業績不擇手段的事證，執行沒有適應症的手術。但因為陳醫師對待病人非常親切，在勸病人接受手術上非常有說服力，而且沒有醫療糾紛；王醫師與陳醫師談過後，並 未見其改善。此時王醫師如何處理最適當？\n", "options": {"A": "置之不理", "B": "私下向媒體舉發", "C": "攜帶相關資料向主管（主任、倫理委員會）檢舉", "D": "再找其他同事與陳醫師談"}, "answer": "攜帶相關資料向主管（主任、倫理委員會）檢舉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關病毒性肝炎的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "A 型肝炎疾病為 DNA 病毒", "B": "A 型肝炎主要經輸血液或污染針頭傳染", "C": "B 型肝炎曾被稱血清性肝炎", "D": "母親為 B 型肝炎 e 抗原陽性者，則其嬰兒在出生 1 週後應注射 B 型肝炎免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "B 型肝炎曾被稱血清性肝炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "車禍造成腓骨近側端骨折，下列何者最不可能出現？", "options": {"A": "垂足（foot-drop）", "B": "喪失足背感覺", "C": "喪失小腿前外側的感覺", "D": "第一蹠骨（metatarsal）頭部以後的內側足部感覺喪失"}, "answer": "第一蹠骨（metatarsal）頭部以後的內側足部感覺喪失", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "胚體發育過程中，下列何器官在第三週中期開始發育，最早成熟與具有生理機能？", "options": {"A": "腦", "B": "心臟", "C": "肝臟", "D": "腎臟"}, "answer": "心臟", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "乙醇（酒精）可用於治療甲醇中毒，下列何者為最可能的機制？", "options": {"A": "加速甲醇從腎臟排除", "B": "抑制甲醇毒性代謝物質的產生", "C": "加速甲醇從肝臟代謝", "D": "加速甲醇從呼吸道排除"}, "answer": "抑制甲醇毒性代謝物質的產生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "杜先生 26 歲，自俄羅斯遊學 1 個月返國後，發生持續 6 週之腹部絞痛、打嗝、過度排氣及水瀉，這段期間並無發燒但體重減輕 5 公斤，下列何者是最可能的致病原？", "options": {"A": "enterotoxigenic E. coli", "B": "Giardia lamblia", "C": "Salmonella enteritidis \t", "D": "Shigella sonnei"}, "answer": "Giardia lamblia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "顏面靜脈（facial vein）的感染，最可能經由下列何血管擴散至顱內的海綿竇（cavernous sinus）？", "options": {"A": "下頜後靜脈（retromandibular vein）", "B": "上眼靜脈（superior ophthalmic vein）", "C": "舌靜脈（lingual vein）", "D": "上頜靜脈（maxillary vein）"}, "answer": "上眼靜脈（superior ophthalmic vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "55 一位 2 歲的小女孩下肢肌肉有明顯的高張力痙攣（spasticity），將踝關節作被動式背屈運動（passive  dorsiflexion）時，在大於 50%的關節活動度（range of motion, ROM）之中，肌肉張力有明顯的增加，但是這些張力可以很容易被移除，根據 modified Ashworth scale，分數大約為幾分？ \n", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "1+", "C": "2", "D": "4"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關貼膚試驗，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "適用於探討刺激性接觸性皮膚炎的原因", "B": "最適合判讀的時間是貼膚後一小時", "C": "病人發生嚴重的接觸性皮膚炎當時，應立刻做貼膚試驗找尋原因", "D": "貼膚部位變紅，或起丘疹，或起水疱時，可判讀為陽性反應"}, "answer": "貼膚部位變紅，或起丘疹，或起水疱時，可判讀為陽性反應", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "針對肛門灰形溼疣（condyloma acuminatum），目前最廣用且有效的治療方式為下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "CO2雷射", "B": "interferon-β的局部注射", "C": "podophyllin或dichloroacetic acid的局部腐蝕", "D": "局部切除加上電燒灼"}, "answer": "局部切除加上電燒灼", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於睡眠呼吸中止症（sleep apnea）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在中樞型睡眠呼吸中止症（central sleep apnea），橫膈膜及其他呼吸肌肉的運動中斷，空氣停止進出呼吸道", "B": "以阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症（obstructive sleep apnea）最為常見", "C": "在阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症（obstructive sleep apnea）的治療上，可利用各種不同形式的口腔矯正器，或懸壅垂軟顎咽整形手術（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty）、扁桃腺切除術、鼻部手術等", "D": "給與輕鎮靜劑、安眠藥、肌肉鬆弛劑或抗焦慮等藥物為睡眠呼吸中止症首選之治療方法"}, "answer": "給與輕鎮靜劑、安眠藥、肌肉鬆弛劑或抗焦慮等藥物為睡眠呼吸中止症首選之治療方法", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "45 歲張女士昨日到醫院做健康檢查，肝臟超音波掃描發現肝右葉稍後處有高回音性（hyperechoic）病灶，進而安排 Dynamic CT scanning，影像如下圖所示。則張女士最有可能罹患：", "options": {"A": "肝細胞癌（Hepatocellular carcinoma）", "B": "海綿狀血管瘤（Cavernous hemangioma）", "C": "肝硬化合併再生節結（Regenerative nodule）", "D": "局部結節性增生（Focal nodular hyperplasia）"}, "answer": "海綿狀血管瘤（Cavernous hemangioma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是造成心悸（palpitation）之常見原因？", "options": {"A": "心臟衰竭（heart failure）", "B": "發燒（fever）", "C": "甲狀腺亢進（hyperthyroidism）", "D": "消化性潰瘍（peptic ulcer）"}, "answer": "消化性潰瘍（peptic ulcer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "愛滋病病人的 Kaposi's sarcoma 是由下列何種病毒感染所引起？", "options": {"A": "HSV-1（herpes simplex virus type 1）", "B": "CMV（cytomegalovirus）", "C": "HHV-8（human herpes virus type 8）", "D": "HSV-2（herpes simplex virus type 2）"}, "answer": "HHV-8（human herpes virus type 8）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "74 歲的林先生罹患 multiple myeloma 二年，經化學治療之後進入緩解期。在今年冬天發現雙手手指會變白後變紫（附圖左邊），不久之後右耳皮膚變黑而壞死（附圖右邊）。下列何種檢查對這位患者的診斷最有幫助？", "options": {"A": "Cryoglobulins \t", "B": "Prothrombin time", "C": "Anti-nuclear antibodies", "D": "Protein electrophoresis"}, "answer": "Cryoglobulins \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "中耳膽脂瘤的組織病理為何？", "options": {"A": "含有 cholesterol 之腫瘤", "B": "含有 keratin 之扁平上皮", "C": "含有膽汁之腫瘤 \t", "D": "含有脂質之腫瘤"}, "answer": "含有 keratin 之扁平上皮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "長跑馬拉松選手在訓練後血液帶氧量增高的主要原因為何？", "options": {"A": "氧氣溶解在血清中的量上升", "B": "紅血球內含之血紅素（hemoglobin）帶三價鐵比例增加", "C": "紅血球內2-BPG (biphosphate glycerate) 量增加", "D": "紅血球數目增加"}, "answer": "紅血球數目增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "肺結核治療劑 isoniazid 常和 pyridoxine 合併使用，以預防因長期服用 isoniazid 所產生的何種副作用？", "options": {"A": "口乾（dryness of the mouth）", "B": "肝炎（hepatitis）", "C": "周邊神經病變（peripheral neuropathy）", "D": "腎絲球腎炎（glomerulonephritis）"}, "answer": "周邊神經病變（peripheral neuropathy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何項是 Astrocytes 的功能？", "options": {"A": "排列形成腦室壁之內襯細胞", "B": "纏繞神經細胞之軸突以形成髓鞘", "C": "幫助維持細胞外液中適當的鉀離子濃度", "D": "產生動作電位"}, "answer": "幫助維持細胞外液中適當的鉀離子濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，此病患於受傷後第 4 小時開始發生小便呈現暗紅色之情況，此時應採取下列何種處置？", "options": {"A": "減少靜脈輸液量", "B": "於兩側大腿外側進行焦痂切開手術（escharotomy）", "C": "維持每小時小便量在 65 ml 以下", "D": "增加小便量，並維持每小時小便量在 75-130 ml 以上"}, "answer": "增加小便量，並維持每小時小便量在 75-130 ml 以上", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "10歲孩童參加喜宴，忽然覺得呼吸困難、眼睛四周及口唇血管水腫、同時全身癢及吞嚥困難，立即轉送至急診室，下列何者是最適合的立即性處置？", "options": {"A": "注射腎上腺素（Epinephrine）", "B": "注射類固醇", "C": "使用升壓劑，如Dopamine", "D": "使用抗組織胺"}, "answer": "注射腎上腺素（Epinephrine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列醣類分子均為葡萄糖聚合物，何者具有（β1→4）glycosidic bond？", "options": {"A": "amylose", "B": "glycogen", "C": "cellulose", "D": "dextran"}, "answer": "cellulose", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "罹患糖尿病10餘年的林老太太最近不小心腳部受了傷，傷口一直沒有癒合，在診所換藥1個多星期傷口仍然沒有起色，因此診所醫師建議林老太太到醫院住院治療。住院後被診斷為蜂窩性組織炎，經過抗生素以及傷口換藥治療，傷口並沒有進步，反而有擴大的趨勢，醫師建議林老太太應該要進行清創治療，但林老太太聽到要開刀就有點害怕，拒絕了清創治療的建議。又經過 1個多星期，連小腿都出現嚴重紅腫的狀況，醫師建議林老太太需要進行截肢手術，否則傷口繼續擴大，恐怕有生命危險。林老太太考慮了很久，只答應願意接受清創手術，但不想接受截肢手術。手術中，醫師為了傷口將來的癒合，幫林老太太進行了截肢手術。依照現行法規，你認為醫師的做法是否正確？", "options": {"A": "正確，醫師是為了搶救林老太太的生命，因此雖然違反了她的意願，但符合她的最佳利益", "B": "正確，醫師依照醫療常規，進行了必要的截肢手術", "C": "不正確，林老太太明確地表明了不想接受截肢手術，依照安寧緩和醫療條例，應該尊重其意願", "D": "不正確，林老太太明確表明了不想接受截肢手術，而該手術也並非緊急手術，依此醫師不應該違反其意願而進行截肢手術"}, "answer": "不正確，林老太太明確表明了不想接受截肢手術，而該手術也並非緊急手術，依此醫師不應該違反其意願而進行截肢手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "橫膈（diaphragm）上相對於第十二胸椎的裂口（opening）是下列何結構？", "options": {"A": "主動脈裂口（aortic opening）", "B": "食道裂口（esophageal opening）", "C": "腔靜脈裂口（caval opening）", "D": "奇靜脈裂口（azygal opening）"}, "answer": "主動脈裂口（aortic opening）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "史奈倫（Snellen）氏E視力表20/20視標的\t體大小，相對於六公尺遠眼睛的視角（visual angle）約為多少？", "options": {"A": "一分角", "B": "五分角", "C": "二十分角", "D": "六十分角"}, "answer": "五分角", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列非類固醇抗發炎藥物（NSAID）與消化性潰瘍關係之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "NSAID 可能造成腸潰瘍", "B": "有消化性潰瘍病史者要謹慎使用此藥", "C": "此藥抑制前列腺素（prostaglandins）而降低消化道黏膜防禦及修復功能", "D": "使用此藥腸溶包膜（enteric coating）劑有效防止潰瘍發生"}, "answer": "使用此藥腸溶包膜（enteric coating）劑有效防止潰瘍發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "17.35歲男性病人因騎機車車禍而頭部受傷，送至急診室，經檢查無顱內出血情形，主要症狀為右側頭皮裂傷 （avulsion injury）和傷口出血，下列敘述何者錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "頭皮可分為皮膚、皮下組織（subcutaneous tissue）、腱膜（galea aponeurotica）、疏鬆蜂窩組織（loose areolar tissue）和顱骨膜（pericranium）五層", "B": "若病患於急診留觀期間，傷口持續出血不止，最好的方法為加壓止血合併輸血治療", "C": "若有頭皮缺損範圍較大（4～8 cm2），無法直接縫合者，除了局部皮瓣外，可以考慮使用組織擴張器", "D": "若有頭皮缺損範圍較大（8～10 cm2），考慮使用游離皮瓣顯微重建手術治療"}, "answer": "若病患於急診留觀期間，傷口持續出血不止，最好的方法為加壓止血合併輸血治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關注意力缺損過動疾患（attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder）的敘述，以下何者正確？", "options": {"A": "興奮劑類藥物的治療效果良好", "B": "只要在課堂上坐不住，就可以說罹患此症", "C": "所有症狀到了青少年都會完全消失", "D": "只能透過神經心理測驗確定診斷"}, "answer": "興奮劑類藥物的治療效果良好", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "28歲孕婦，G2P1，妊娠16週，接受超音波檢查如圖所示，下列何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "anencephaly", "B": "holoprosencephaly", "C": "choroid plexus cyst", "D": "Dandy-Walker malformation"}, "answer": "holoprosencephaly", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關女性生殖系統之排卵過程，下列敘述何項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "排卵前會有黃體刺激素（LH）之大量釋放（LH surge）", "B": "排出後的卵不含放射冠（corona radiata）", "C": "卵的第一次減數分裂（meiosis）在排卵前完成", "D": "卵的第二次減數分裂（meiosis）在卵受精時（fertilization）完成"}, "answer": "排出後的卵不含放射冠（corona radiata）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種口服降血糖藥可能引起乳酸血症？", "options": {"A": "metformin", "B": "sitagliptin", "C": "pioglitazone", "D": "acarbose"}, "answer": "metformin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "氧飽和度（oxygen saturation）主要是在觀察那一項生理指標？", "options": {"A": "氧氣直接溶解 \t", "B": "氧氣與血紅素（hemoglobin）結合量", "C": "氧氣直接溶解與血紅素結合的總量", "D": "氣體交換程度"}, "answer": "氧氣與血紅素（hemoglobin）結合量", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是脊柱的運動方式？", "options": {"A": "曲（flexion）", "B": "伸（extension）", "C": "旋轉（rotation）", "D": "迴轉（circumduction）"}, "answer": "迴轉（circumduction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於慢性緊縮型頭痛（chronic tension-type headache）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "每個月頭痛天數超過 15 天以上", "B": "頭痛需要超過一年以上", "C": "建議使用預防性藥物", "D": "不是所有病人都會有肌肉壓痛"}, "answer": "頭痛需要超過一年以上", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "23歲女性主訴7天前有陰道出血之情形，量如月經來第4天之量，近2日常感覺右下腹疼痛，今日則因疼痛加劇而就醫。經陰道指診發現子宮有觸壓疼痛的情形，同時右邊亦有觸壓疼痛的情形。超音波掃描發現右邊子宮附屬物有腫塊，大小約3.5×3.8公分，尿液懷孕試\t呈現陽性反應。由於右下腹痛加劇，因此接受腹腔鏡檢查，腹腔鏡檢查發現有下圖之情形，依據圖示此患者最適合之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "卵巢腫瘤合併扭轉（ovarian tumor with torsion）", "B": "輸卵管外孕（tubal pregnancy）", "C": "急性盲腸炎（appendicitis）", "D": "輸尿管結石（ureteral stone）"}, "answer": "輸卵管外孕（tubal pregnancy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列各消化管道當中，何者之上皮含最多杯狀細胞？", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "結腸", "C": "食道", "D": "十二指腸"}, "answer": "結腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "致病性黴菌在分類學上多屬於何種亞門？", "options": {"A": "不完全菌亞門", "B": "擔子菌亞門", "C": "子囊菌亞門", "D": "接合菌亞門"}, "answer": "不完全菌亞門", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "林先生幾個星期前到泰國旅遊時吃了特殊處理的生豬肉，不久後即開始有腹痛，最近眼眶附近浮腫，很幸運的從浮腫部位手術摘除將近 1 公分大小的蟲體而痊癒，林先生最可能感染到何種寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "蟠尾絲蟲（Onchocerca volvulus）", "B": "有棘顎口線蟲（Gnathostoma spinigerum）", "C": "結膜吸吮線蟲（Thelazia callipaeda）", "D": "麥地那蟲（Dracunculus medinensis）"}, "answer": "有棘顎口線蟲（Gnathostoma spinigerum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "戒酒發泡錠（disulfiram）用來治療酒癮，其作用機轉主要為何？", "options": {"A": "抑制酒精代謝過程中的aldehyde dehydrogenase", "B": "抑制酒精代謝過程中的alcohol dehydrogenase", "C": "抑制GABA type A receptors（GABAA）在alcohol ion channel activity的作用", "D": "抑制serotonin 5-HT3 receptors在alcohol ion channel activity的作用"}, "answer": "抑制酒精代謝過程中的aldehyde dehydrogenase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "若某一早期偵測冠狀動脈疾病的檢測方法，其敏感度與特定度均為 90%，但對於自訴胸痛的 60 歲男性與 60 歲女性，其陽性預測值有所差異，最主要的原因為：", "options": {"A": "自訴胸痛的 60 歲男性與 60 歲女性，其冠狀動脈疾病死亡率不同", "B": "自訴胸痛的 60 歲男性與 60 歲女性，其冠狀動脈疾病盛行率不同", "C": "敏感度受到受檢者之影響，造成結果的差異", "D": "特定度受到受檢者之影響，造成結果的差異"}, "answer": "自訴胸痛的 60 歲男性與 60 歲女性，其冠狀動脈疾病盛行率不同", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者最適合選用踝足支架型義肢（ankle-foot orthosis style prosthesis）？", "options": {"A": "經蹠骨截肢（transmetatarsal amputation）", "B": "丘巴特截肢（Chopart amputation）", "C": "賽姆截肢（Syme amputation）", "D": "膝下截肢（below-knee amputation）"}, "answer": "丘巴特截肢（Chopart amputation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一類細菌的細胞膜含有固醇（sterols），生長時需從外界攝取膽固醇（cholesterol），且對 penicillin 類的抗生素具有抗性？", "options": {"A": "志賀氏菌（Shigella）", "B": "黴漿菌（Mycoplasma）", "C": "沙門氏菌（Salmonella）", "D": "分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium）"}, "answer": "黴漿菌（Mycoplasma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲男性主訴在鼻子兩側與眉毛有搔癢的皮疹，理學檢查發現病人的皮膚病灶主要為脫屑的紅疹。患者自述，此紅疹在工作壓力大與熬夜時特別容易發作。此患者最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "異位性皮膚炎", "B": "脂漏性皮膚炎", "C": "蕁麻疹", "D": "錢幣形濕疹"}, "answer": "脂漏性皮膚炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "生活史中皆沒有囊體期（cyst stage）的寄生蟲是：", "options": {"A": "梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia lamblia）及陰道滴蟲（Trichomonas vaginalis） \t", "B": "大腸纖毛蟲（Balantidium coli）及齒齦阿米巴（Entamoeba gingivalis）", "C": "雙核阿米巴（Dientamoeba fragilis）及陰道滴蟲（Trichomonas vaginalis）", "D": "嗜碘阿米巴（Iodamoeba bütschlii）及口腔滴蟲（Trichomonas tenax）"}, "answer": "雙核阿米巴（Dientamoeba fragilis）及陰道滴蟲（Trichomonas vaginalis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲婦女，有一個 2.5 公分之肺癌病灶在右肺上葉周邊侵犯到臟層肋膜（visceral pleura），有同側肺門與肺葉淋巴腺轉移，但無縱膈腔淋巴腺或遠處器官轉移，則它屬於那一個病期？", "options": {"A": "StageⅡA", "B": "StageⅡB", "C": "StageⅢA", "D": "StageⅢB"}, "answer": "StageⅡB", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 octreotide 之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "長效型之 somatostatin 衍生物", "B": "增加胃酸分泌", "C": "減少腸子蠕動性 \t", "D": "治療 VIPoma, insulinoma 之症狀"}, "answer": "增加胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "內視鏡所導致之食道破裂，以何處附近之食道最為常見？", "options": {"A": "GE junction", "B": "thoracic inlet area", "C": "cricopharyngeal area", "D": "aortic arch area"}, "answer": "cricopharyngeal area", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "兩眼往右上方向看時，其共軛肌（yoke muscles）為下列那一組？", "options": {"A": "右上直肌（RSR）和左下斜肌（LIO）", "B": "右上斜肌（RSO）和左上直肌（LSR）", "C": "右上斜肌（RSO）和左下斜肌（LIO）", "D": "右下斜肌（RIO）和左上直肌（LSR）"}, "answer": "右上斜肌（RSO）和左下斜肌（LIO）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是支配外尿道括約肌的體神經（somatic nervous system）？", "options": {"A": "下腹神經（hypogastric nerve）", "B": "骨盆神經（pelvic nerve）", "C": "陰部神經（pudendal nerve）", "D": "陰莖海綿體神經（cavernous nerve）"}, "answer": "陰部神經（pudendal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 48 歲女性，主訴近幾年來常常腰酸背痛，手部麻木，足部和手部明顯變粗大，住院時之空腹血糖 181 mg/dL，血壓 165/95 mmHg，血中 growth hormone 值 25 ng/mL（正常女性 < 5 ng/mL）。此病人最可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "acromegaly", "B": "gigantism", "C": "dwarfism", "D": "rickets"}, "answer": "acromegaly", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "48 一位 28 歲女性，G1P0，妊娠 38 週，下列各種胎兒檢查，何者為異常？臍動脈血流波形心舒末期血流逆流（reverse end-diastolic flow） 臍動脈血流波形心舒末期血流消失（absent end-diastolic flow） 臍動脈血流速度波形縮舒比（systolic-diastolic ratio, S/D ratio）＝2 胎心率早期減速（early deceleration） 胎心率晚期減速（late deceleration） ", "options": {"A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": ""}, "answer": "", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 63 歲男性被家人送入急診，主訴為 1 小時前出現突發性右側偏癱與講話不清。病人意識清楚，血壓為 185/105 mmHg，血糖值為 106 mg/dL，你立即為病人安排了腦部電腦斷層。按照 2005 年美國心臟醫學會指引（American Heart Association guidelines），從病人進急診算起，多少時間內你需判讀完電腦斷層？", "options": {"A": "45 分鐘", "B": "60 分鐘", "C": "75 分鐘", "D": "90 分鐘"}, "answer": "45 分鐘", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "對於胃食道逆流疾病（gastroesophageal reflux disease）的外科手術適應症，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "以proton pump inhibitor（PPI）治療無效的病人", "B": "預期proton pump inhibitor（PPI）治療會超過 5 年的病人", "C": "病人合併有嚴重ulcer", "D": "病人有Barrett's mucosa"}, "answer": "預期proton pump inhibitor（PPI）治療會超過 5 年的病人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "胚胎發育至第幾週時，肝細胞（hepatocyte）開始製造膽汁（bile）？", "options": {"A": "第4週", "B": "第8週", "C": "第12週", "D": "第16週"}, "answer": "第12週", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "8.69歲男性退休高中老師，沒有糖尿病史，但是有慢性腎臟病史，3年前的血液肌酸酐2.6 mg/dL。4週前打噴嚏後出現眼眶周圍紫斑，3週前腹瀉、瀝青便（tarry stool）、少尿、水腫、端坐呼吸。現在理學檢查身高160 cm，體重60 kg，肝脾明顯腫大，胸部X光心臟擴大, 兩側中心肺泡浸潤。腎臟超音波左腎長度11.5 cm，右腎長度11.0 cm，血中血色素7.5  g/dL，血中肌酸酐4.8 mg/dL，補體正常，尿液紅血球4～6/HPF，尿液蛋白質 4+。下列何者是最可能的診斷？ \n", "options": {"A": "類澱粉症（amyloidosis）", "B": "冷凝球蛋白血症（cryoglobulinemia）", "C": "韋氏肉芽腫（Wegener's granulomatosis）", "D": "全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）"}, "answer": "類澱粉症（amyloidosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "嗜中性白血球（neutrophil）自血管進入組織時，首先與內皮細胞（endothelial cell）結合的分子為：", "options": {"A": "E-selectin", "B": "CD31", "C": "ICAM-1", "D": "VCAM-1"}, "answer": "E-selectin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關於感染性心內膜炎的手術適應症之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "感染性心內膜炎造成嚴重二尖瓣逆流（severe mitral regurgitation），應儘快手術", "B": "抗生素治療失敗合併無法控制的敗血症，應儘快手術", "C": "細菌贅生物落在二尖瓣前葉且大小＞1.0 cm，應儘快手術", "D": "細菌血栓打出一旦造成腦部缺氧或出血，應儘快手術"}, "answer": "細菌血栓打出一旦造成腦部缺氧或出血，應儘快手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "高血壓性腦出血（hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage），最常發生於下列何部位？", "options": {"A": "視丘（Thalamus） \t", "B": "被殼（Putamen）", "C": "小腦半球（Cerebellar hemisphere）", "D": "橋腦（Pons）"}, "answer": "被殼（Putamen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是新生兒剛出生時發育早且具有臨床上相當重要性之鼻竇？", "options": {"A": "上頜竇", "B": "篩竇", "C": "蝶竇", "D": "額竇"}, "answer": "篩竇", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "患者主訴：有眼乾、口乾、乾咳和聲音沙啞（hoarseness）。另外，其胸部 X 光顯示有兩側肺葉瀰漫性纖維化的現象；則下列敘述何者是最有可能侵犯肺部的病因？", "options": {"A": "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "B": "Polymyositis and dermatomyositis", "C": "SjÖgren's syndrome \t", "D": "Rheumatoid arthritis"}, "answer": "SjÖgren's syndrome \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "30 歲男性，長期因十二指腸潰瘍而困擾，醫師安排吹氣檢查（urea breath test），請問這是測那一種感染？", "options": {"A": "Clostridium difficile", "B": "Escherichia coli", "C": "Helicobacter pylori", "D": "Salmonella typhi"}, "answer": "Helicobacter pylori", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "85歲女性右側第一期乳癌經乳房保留手術切除，病理報告為T1N0M0女性荷爾蒙接受器（estrogen receptor）陰性，黃體素接受器（progesterone receptor）陰性，HER-2/neu陰性腫瘤，邊緣接近，術後應先如何處理最適合？", "options": {"A": "化學治療", "B": "荷爾蒙治療", "C": "放射線治療", "D": "標靶治療"}, "answer": "放射線治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者可同時動作兩個關節？", "options": {"A": "股外廣肌（vastus lateralis）", "B": "股內廣肌（vastus medialis）", "C": "股中廣肌（vastus intermedius）", "D": "股直肌（rectus femoris）"}, "answer": "股直肌（rectus femoris）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "76 一位 57 歲男性因 3 小時前開始胸悶入急診就醫，伴隨有冒冷汗現象。意識清楚，血壓為 150/95 mmHg，心跳為 81 次/分鐘，呼吸速率為 20 次/分鐘。以前有過心肌梗塞病史，做過心導管與置放支架。當你給予病人氧氣、aspirin 與 nitroglycerin 後，在 12 導程心電圖的前胸導程 V3～V4有明顯 ST 段上升。 下列敘述何者最為適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "須優先考慮做經皮冠狀動脈介入術（primary percutaneous coronary intervention）", "B": "須立即使用 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 後，再考慮做經皮冠狀動脈介入術", "C": "因病人曾經放過支架，故此次以使用血栓溶解劑（fibrinolytics）為宜", "D": "因血壓穩定，僅使用 β-blocker、nitroglycerin、clopidogrel 與 heparin 治療即可"}, "answer": "須優先考慮做經皮冠狀動脈介入術（primary percutaneous coronary intervention）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "30歲男性左前臂之皮膚病灶如圖，據患者描述此病灶約2至3歲即出現，最適宜之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "雀斑（freckles）", "B": "肝斑（melasma）", "C": "斑痣（nevus spilus）", "D": "咖啡牛奶斑（café-au-lait spot） 41."}, "answer": "斑痣（nevus spilus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "外傷病人失量達 20%時，最常伴隨下列何種症狀？", "options": {"A": "寡尿（oliguria） \t", "B": "意識錯亂（confusion）", "C": "低血壓（hypotension）", "D": "頻脈（tachycardia）"}, "answer": "頻脈（tachycardia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "10 歲兒童由於成長遲延而求醫。影像學檢查發現有一腫瘤位於鞍部上方（suprasellar）並壓迫到腦下垂體前葉。手術切除下來的腫瘤組織經病理檢查發現有鱗狀上皮（squamous epithelium）以及角化物質形成（lamellar keratin formation）。下列腫瘤中何者最符合此病人的臨床及病理特徵？", "options": {"A": "Glioma", "B": "Craniopharyngioma", "C": "Metastatic carcinoma", "D": "Pituitary adenoma"}, "answer": "Craniopharyngioma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列對中央極限定理（Central limit theorem）的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "只要樣本數夠大，無論原本母群體是否為常態分布，樣本平均值的抽樣分布會接近常態分布", "B": "母群體的平均值若為µ，則樣本平均值抽樣分布的平均值為µ", "C": "母群體的標準差若為 σ，則樣本平均值抽樣分布的標準差為σ/n", "D": "可透過中央極限定理將樣本平均值的抽樣分布變成標準常態分布"}, "answer": "母群體的標準差若為 σ，則樣本平均值抽樣分布的標準差為σ/n", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 54 歲已停經婦女，主訴左側乳頭有血樣分泌物約兩週，她並未服用女性荷爾蒙，無乳癌家族史。理學檢查除血樣分泌物外無異常發現；乳頭分泌物的細胞學檢查發現乳突狀細胞（papillary cells）；乳房 X 光攝影無異常發現；乳房超音波發現左側乳房在乳頭外側 3 公分約兩點鐘方向有一個 0.6 公分低回音病灶（hypoechoic lesion），經超音波導引粗針穿刺（core needle biopsy）之病理檢驗報告為乳突狀病（papillary disease）。其下一步處置以何者最適宜？", "options": {"A": "宜定期門診追蹤 \t", "B": "宜進一步乳管攝影檢查（ductography）", "C": "宜進一步乳管鏡檢查（ductoscopy）", "D": "宜將此腫瘤切除"}, "answer": "宜將此腫瘤切除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "41.妊娠28週的雙胞胎，常規超音波檢查發現，雙胞胎A預估體重1,200公克，雙胞胎B預估體重750公克；雙胞胎 A為羊水過多（polyhydramnios），雙胞胎B則為羊水稀少（oligohydramnios）。關於此一雙胞胎妊娠的超音波影像敘述，下列何者正確？\n", "options": {"A": "雙胞胎之捐贈者（donor twin）發生羊水過多的機率高於雙胞胎之受贈者（recipient twin）", "B": "雙胞胎之捐贈者往往會發生溶血性貧血症（hemolytic anemia）", "C": "雙胞胎之捐贈者往往會發生紅血球增多症（polycythemia）", "D": "超音波可觀察出雙胞胎之捐贈者與雙胞胎之受贈者之間的表徵（phenotype）差異"}, "answer": "超音波可觀察出雙胞胎之捐贈者與雙胞胎之受贈者之間的表徵（phenotype）差異", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "心房利鈉肽（Atrial natriuretic factor: ANF）是調節體液平衡的配體（ligand），其受體為下列何種類型？", "options": {"A": "第一型受體酪胺酸磷酸酶（receptor tyrosine kinase classⅠ）", "B": "第二型受體酪胺酸磷酸酶（receptor tyrosine kinase classⅡ）", "C": "膜鑲嵌型鳥苷酸環化酶（guanylyl cyclase）受體", "D": "乙型腎上腺素受體（β-adrenergic receptor）"}, "answer": "膜鑲嵌型鳥苷酸環化酶（guanylyl cyclase）受體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 63 歲女性被家人送入急診，主訴為 4 天前開始漸進性全身無力與胃口不佳。病人為一類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）患者，長期於門診拿藥控制。1 週前出國旅遊，因忘記帶藥而沒繼續吃。身體診查發現病人意識尚清楚，無局部神經學症狀，血壓為 70/30 mmHg，呼吸速率為 12/min，體溫為 36.2°C，心電圖為竇狀心搏過慢（sinus bradycardia），心跳為 53/min，無明顯缺血性變化（ischemic change），糞便無潛血反應。依以上的臨床表現，下列何者最有可能？", "options": {"A": "敗血性休克（septic shock）", "B": "急性腎上腺分泌不足（acute adrenal insufficiency）", "C": "神經性休克（neurogenic shock）", "D": "急性胃炎（acute gastritis）"}, "answer": "急性腎上腺分泌不足（acute adrenal insufficiency）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當一細胞之膜電位等於鉀離子之平衡電位時，代表的意義為何？", "options": {"A": "細胞膜鉀離子通道關閉，鉀離子無法經離子通道流通", "B": "鈉鉀幫浦停止運作", "C": "鉀離子經離子通道流出與流入細胞的量相等", "D": "此時為動作電位之絕對不反應期"}, "answer": "鉀離子經離子通道流出與流入細胞的量相等", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者對於潛在性器捐者的腦死判定不是必須的條件？", "options": {"A": "能否自行呼吸測試 \t", "B": "瞳孔放大，無光反射", "C": "腦波圖（EEG） \t", "D": "無新陳代謝障礙"}, "answer": "腦波圖（EEG） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一細胞層，僅出現在手掌或腳掌之厚皮膚？", "options": {"A": "角質層（stratum corneum）", "B": "透明層（stratum lucidum）", "C": "顆粒層（stratum granulosum）", "D": "棘狀層（stratum spinosum）"}, "answer": "透明層（stratum lucidum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "51.一位2星期大的男嬰，出生時體重3000 gm，Apgar score 8至9分，身體檢查並沒有發現異常現象。幾天前，開 始有呼吸急促及發紺的現象，急送某醫學中心。經心臟超音波檢查發現病人有肺動脈瓣閉鎖的現象，經投予前列腺素靜脈注射，病人的發紺改善了。請依此回答下列 3 題：改善的原因為何？\n", "options": {"A": "肺動脈瓣打開，改善肺動脈血流", "B": "開放性動脈導管再度打開，改善肺動脈血流", "C": "經由心房中隔缺損，肺動脈血流增加", "D": "經由體動脈至肺動脈之側枝循環，增加肺動脈血流"}, "answer": "開放性動脈導管再度打開，改善肺動脈血流", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Indomethacin 具有子宮鬆弛的作用，主要是經由何種機轉而來？", "options": {"A": "刺激 adenylyl cyclase \t", "B": "刺激β-adrenergic receptor", "C": "抑制cyclooxygenase \t", "D": "抑制phospholipase A2 73 下列四環黴素中，何者較易有\"光敏感\"（photosensitization）的副作用？"}, "answer": "抑制cyclooxygenase \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "78.某老先生退休後經常感覺身體無力，走路走太久也會喘，他來看醫師，醫師發現他的嘴唇有點發 紺，經檢查後告訴他是因為甲基血紅素（Methemoglobin）太高造成的，甲基血紅素達血紅素中最少約多少比率，會開始有發紺的現象？ \n", "options": {"A": "3～5%", "B": "10～15%", "C": "20～25%", "D": "30～35%"}, "answer": "10～15%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於眼瞼的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "負責眼瞼閉合的肌肉是眼輪匝肌（orbicularis oculi muscle），由第七對腦神經控制", "B": "苗勒氏肌（Muller's muscle）由交感神經支配", "C": "東方人和西方人的雙眼皮形態不同，主要是提眼瞼肌（levator palpebrae muscle）末端筋膜（aponeurosis）附\t在眼瞼板（tarsus）的位置，東方人較西方人低", "D": "眼瞼的隔膜（septum）位於眼皮皮膚組織和眼輪匝肌之間，負有屏障作用"}, "answer": "眼瞼的隔膜（septum）位於眼皮皮膚組織和眼輪匝肌之間，負有屏障作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關水腫之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "肝硬化引起水腫常伴隨頸靜脈曲張", "B": "單側下肢水腫常是因為靜脈或淋巴阻塞", "C": "血中蛋白質降低如nephrotic syndrome，不會引起臉或眼皮水腫", "D": "典型心衰竭引起的水腫，大致上和dependent sites無關"}, "answer": "單側下肢水腫常是因為靜脈或淋巴阻塞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那種黴菌會引起全身性感染，且其酵母菌型常呈現舵輪（mariner's wheel）樣之多重出芽生殖?", "options": {"A": "粗球黴菌（Coccidioides immitis）", "B": "巴西副球黴菌（Paracoccidioides brasiliensis）", "C": "莢膜組織胞漿菌（Histoplasma capsulatum）", "D": "皮炎芽生菌（Blastomyces dermatitidis）"}, "answer": "巴西副球黴菌（Paracoccidioides brasiliensis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "23.幽門螺旋桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）感染是產生胃癌最重要的危險因子。在1994年被國際癌症研究署 （IARC）歸類為：\n", "options": {"A": "第一類致癌物質（group I carcinogen）", "B": "第二類致癌物質（group II carcinogen）", "C": "第三類致癌物質（group III carcinogen）", "D": "第四類致癌物質（group IV carcinogen）"}, "answer": "第一類致癌物質（group I carcinogen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "眼瞼下垂（ptosis）依照其嚴重度來分，兩側眼瞼水平高度相差4 mm以上時屬於：", "options": {"A": "嚴重（severe）", "B": "中等（moderate）", "C": "輕微（mild）", "D": "正常（normal）"}, "answer": "嚴重（severe）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關前列腺癌之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "多攝食含lycopene、selenium、Omega-3 fatty acid及vitamin E的食物，具有保護作用，比較不會產生前列腺癌", "B": "增加動物性脂肪或紅色肉類的攝取量會增加前列腺癌之發生", "C": "增加vitamin D及鈣之攝取會減低前列腺癌之發生", "D": "多吃魚肉或植物性食物可以減低前列腺癌發生"}, "answer": "增加vitamin D及鈣之攝取會減低前列腺癌之發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "52 歲的女性病患，因為左側股骨骨折，住進醫院治療。病人主訴有長期疲倦、全身無力、骨頭酸痛及便秘等症狀。且曾因右腎結石，接受多次體外碎石術。抽血檢查發現血鈣為 13.9 mg/dL，高血氯／血磷比例（＞33），及副甲狀腺素（intact-PTH : 345 pg/mL）。腰椎 X 光發現骨質疏鬆變化。頸部超音波亦顯示右側內頸靜脈內側有約 2 公分的腫瘤。下列何者為最可能造成病人有這些異常的診斷？", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤併頸部淋巴腺轉移", "B": "續發性副甲狀腺機能亢進", "C": "前列腺癌併骨及頸部淋巴腺轉移", "D": "原發性副甲狀腺機能亢進"}, "answer": "原發性副甲狀腺機能亢進", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "王先生今年 55 歲，從大學起就喜歡喝酒。今天晚上突然發生嚴重腹痛至急診室就醫。檢查發現血中澱粉酶（amylase）及脂肪酶（lipase）數值上升。他最可能出現下列何種病理變化？", "options": {"A": "胃竇部有一個兩公分大的潰瘍", "B": "大腸升結腸處有腫瘤存在", "C": "腹腔脂肪組織有壞死現象", "D": "闌尾管腔內有蓄膿現象"}, "answer": "腹腔脂肪組織有壞死現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關營養補充的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腸胃道有功能時應儘可能使用腸道餵食（enteral feeding）", "B": "從鼻胃管餵食時，為了防止餵食物反流和吸入，病人上半身應保持在90° 的坐姿", "C": "最常做的鼻胃管灌食是在開始時以10至20 毫升／小時灌食，每4至6小時檢查胃殘留量，再決定是否增加灌食量", "D": "使用胃造瘻或空腸造瘻灌食的病人，可能會有肉芽組織在造瘻處過度積聚的情形"}, "answer": "從鼻胃管餵食時，為了防止餵食物反流和吸入，病人上半身應保持在90° 的坐姿", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "心肌的耗氧量（myocardial oxygen consumption）與下列那兩個數值之乘積最具相關性？", "options": {"A": "每分鐘心跳數與平均血壓", "B": "每分鐘心跳數與收縮壓", "C": "每分鐘心跳數與舒張壓", "D": "收縮壓與舒張壓"}, "answer": "每分鐘心跳數與收縮壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關腎上腺腫瘤之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "具有功能或大於五公分之腎上腺腫瘤均應手術切除", "B": "利用腹腔鏡方式切除是目前較好的處理方法，術後疼痛少且恢復迅速", "C": "目前腎上腺腫瘤大部份是因其他原因實施影像檢查時意外發現", "D": "腎上腺腫瘤經檢查如果發現其不具功能，就不需手術切除"}, "answer": "腎上腺腫瘤經檢查如果發現其不具功能，就不需手術切除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "嚼肌（masseter muscle）是衍生自那一咽弓（pharyngeal arch）？", "options": {"A": "第一咽弓", "B": "第二咽弓", "C": "第三咽弓", "D": "第四咽弓"}, "answer": "第一咽弓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "55 歲男病人在塑膠工廠工作有 25 年，因體重下降，且噁心及嘔吐超過 3 個月而求診。電腦斷層掃描發現肝臟有 10 公分大的腫瘤，切片檢查證實肉瘤（sarcoma），請問該病人在工作場所最可能暴露於下列何種物質所引起？", "options": {"A": "苯（benzene） \t", "B": "石綿（asbestos）", "C": "氯乙烯（vinyl chloride）", "D": "石蠟油精（naphthalene）"}, "answer": "氯乙烯（vinyl chloride）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "32.一位3歲大的男童，因持續8天的發燒、咳嗽、流鼻水而住院。身體診察發現呼吸聲有囉音和右側呼吸音下降的情形，胸部X光在入院時為圖一。血液檢查：血紅 素7.2 gm/dL、血小板32,000/mm3、白血球24,000/mm3、CRP 25 mg/dL、GOT \n IU/L、GPT 26 IU/L，肋膜抽取液的格蘭氏染色為圖二。經輸血後出現黃疸情形並且出現無尿的狀況。下列那個診斷最符合？", "options": {"A": "急性鏈球菌感染後腎絲球腎炎（acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis）", "B": "溶血性尿毒症候群（hemolytic uremic syndrome）", "C": "風濕熱（rheumatic fever）", "D": "毒性休克症候群（toxic shock syndrome）"}, "answer": "溶血性尿毒症候群（hemolytic uremic syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關甲狀腺素（thyroid hormone）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺之follicle中的colloid是一種脂肪分子", "B": "thyroxine（T4）藉pendrin轉變為triiodothyronine（T3）", "C": "在iodide trapping步驟中，有Na+/I- symporter及 Na+/K+ ATPase參與其中", "D": "MIT（monoiodotyrosine）和DIT（diiodotyrosine）能結合（coupling）而產生thyroxine（T4）分子"}, "answer": "在iodide trapping步驟中，有Na+/I- symporter及 Na+/K+ ATPase參與其中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "94.45歲女性有輕微程度甲狀腺機能不全以及甲狀腺無痛對稱性的增大。手術切除的腺體在顯微鏡下出現廣泛的單核球浸潤。浸潤的發炎細胞主要是漿細胞以及小淋巴球並形成生發中心。 下列敘述中何者最可能代表她甲狀腺濾泡細胞（follicular cells）的病理變化？ \n", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺濾泡細胞增大並包含水狀膠質", "B": "甲狀腺中許多區域的濾泡破壞，細胞呈現Hürthle細胞狀", "C": "濾泡細胞萎縮，甲狀腺呈現嚴重的纖維化並與附近組織黏連在一起", "D": "甲狀腺濾泡細胞增生並發生癌化現象"}, "answer": "甲狀腺中許多區域的濾泡破壞，細胞呈現Hürthle細胞狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位40歲病人原來腎功能正常，現其血肌酸酐（creatinine）上升至2.1 mg/dL，下列何種狀況最可判斷此病人傾向腎因性急性腎衰竭，而不是腎前性（prerenal）急性腎衰竭？", "options": {"A": "尿中出現透明圓柱體（hyaline casts）", "B": "血中尿素氮（BUN）48 mg/dL", "C": "尿鈉（Na）濃度為8 mmol/L", "D": "尿鈉排泄分率（fractional excretion of sodium, FeNa）為2%"}, "answer": "尿鈉排泄分率（fractional excretion of sodium, FeNa）為2%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，I、II、III 及 IV，那一點最可能是糖尿病發病之時間點？", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "II", "C": "III", "D": "IV"}, "answer": "III", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 51 歲男性病人主訴長期下背部疼痛多年。附圖為腰椎 X 光攝影。最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "ankylosing spondylitis", "B": "spinal bone metastasis", "C": "infectious spondylodiscitis", "D": "degenerative spinal disease"}, "answer": "ankylosing spondylitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "淚液薄膜（tear film）的最外層（outer layer），其成分是由下列何者所分泌？", "options": {"A": "淚腺（lacrimal gland）", "B": "眼瞼瞼板腺（meibomian gland）", "C": "結膜杯狀細胞（goblet cell）", "D": "副淚腺（Wolfring gland）"}, "answer": "眼瞼瞼板腺（meibomian gland）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者的胚胎起源與其他三者的不同？", "options": {"A": "會厭（epiglottis） \t", "B": "舌骨（hyoid bone）", "C": "顏面表情肌（muscles of facial expression）", "D": "鐙骨（stapes）"}, "answer": "會厭（epiglottis） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，請問下列何者為最優先之處置？", "options": {"A": "腹腔鏡手術 \t", "B": "闌尾切除手術", "C": "剖腹探查術 \t", "D": "廣效性抗生素"}, "answer": "廣效性抗生素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "感染下列何種人體寄生蟲後，其幼蟲會在體內橫紋肌發達處形成內囊胞化幼蟲（encysted larva）並造成肌炎（myositis）的臨床症狀？", "options": {"A": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "B": "菲律賓毛線蟲（Capillaria philippinensis）", "C": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "D": "犬蛔蟲（Toxocara canis）"}, "answer": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種病變不會造成手指伸展（extension）無力？", "options": {"A": "橈神經（radial nerve）受傷", "B": "骨間前神經病變（anterior interosseous neuropathy）", "C": "骨間後神經症候群（posterior interosseous syndrome）", "D": "臂神經叢（brachial plexus）後索（posterior cord）受傷"}, "answer": "骨間前神經病變（anterior interosseous neuropathy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在兒童受虐（child abuse）的表現中，下列何者為最少見之臨床表徵？", "options": {"A": "長骨同時可見急性及癒合骨折（acute and healing long-bone fractures）", "B": "腦半球間硬腦膜下血腫（interhemispheric subdural hematoma）", "C": "顱骨頂骨骨折（parietal skull fracture）", "D": "視網膜出血（retinal hemorrhages）"}, "answer": "顱骨頂骨骨折（parietal skull fracture）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲男性，從四樓陽台掉落，到急診室時 Glasgow coma scale（GCS）是 8 分。心跳 110 次/分鐘、血壓 150/90 mmHg（平均動脈壓 110 mmHg）和呼吸 18 次/分鐘。血中酒精濃度是 150 mg/dL。假設顱內壓為 25 mmHg，則腦灌注壓（cerebral perfusion pressure）為多少 mmHg？", "options": {"A": "85", "B": "70", "C": "50", "D": "100"}, "answer": "85", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有一嬰孩因嘔吐做腹部 X 光攝影如圖，最正確的影像診斷為：", "options": {"A": "先天性胃幽門肥大狹窄（congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis）", "B": "十二指腸閉鎖（duodenal atresia）", "C": "巨腸症（megacolon）", "D": "胎糞囊吸入症候群（meconium aspiration syndrome）"}, "answer": "十二指腸閉鎖（duodenal atresia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "99.下列有關大腦類澱粉血管病變（cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA）的描述何者正確？①CAA是造成lobar  hemorrhage的危險因子之一 ②導因於中小型腦膜或皮質腦動脈血管壁有包含tau蛋白之類澱粉沉積 ③CAA 致病率與ApoE基因（與阿茲海默症有因果關聯的基因）多形性變異（polymorphism）有關 ④CAA血管病變常會引起血管纖維化（arteriolar sclerosis/fibrosis）\n", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "①③", "C": "②③", "D": "②④"}, "answer": "①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "陳老師從小就常因過敏性氣喘發作就醫。他帶領小學生畢業旅行，在晚上 9 時因為頑皮的小朋友在睡前打枕頭戰，接觸到塵蟎過敏原而感到不適，但在使用氣管擴張劑後改善。陳老師在凌晨 4 時因為氣喘又嚴重發作被送到急診處就診。到急診時最合乎當時情形的免疫機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "第四型（細胞免疫反應）的過敏反應", "B": "第一型（立即免疫反應）的晚期反應", "C": "自體免疫抗體攻擊肺泡基底膜", "D": "過敏原接觸導致免疫缺損引發細菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "第一型（立即免疫反應）的晚期反應", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關被荷爾蒙活化的phospholipase C之敍述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "其受質是phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate", "B": "催化產物之一是diacylglycerol，可活化protein kinase C", "C": "由G protein連結之受器所活化", "D": "催化產物之一是inositol trisphosphate，可減少細胞質內鈣離子濃度"}, "answer": "催化產物之一是inositol trisphosphate，可減少細胞質內鈣離子濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "淚水中含有下列那一種成分，可分解胜肽聚醣（peptidoglycan）？", "options": {"A": "乳鐵蛋白質（Lactoferrin）", "B": "溶菌酶（Lysozyme）", "C": "乳過氧化物酶（Lactoperoxidase）", "D": "澱粉酶（Amylase）"}, "answer": "溶菌酶（Lysozyme）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）附\t於股骨（femur）的下列那一構造？", "options": {"A": "大轉子（greater trochanter）", "B": "小轉子（lesser trochanter）", "C": "轉子間線（intertrochanteric line）", "D": "粗線（linea aspera）"}, "answer": "粗線（linea aspera）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 2 歲男童於發燒 3 天後，躁動不安、脖子僵硬、突然陷入昏迷而送至醫院。就診時發現手掌與腳掌有些小水泡，血壓：收縮壓 50 mmHg，舒張壓 20 mmHg，呼吸速率極快，胸部 X 光如圖所示。下列那一種治療最不適當？", "options": {"A": "fluid challenge \t", "B": "inotropic agent", "C": "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation", "D": "mannitol"}, "answer": "fluid challenge \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者違反有助於睡眠之睡眠衛生法則（sleep hygiene）？", "options": {"A": "每人每天均應睡足7小時才足夠", "B": "若晚上失眠時，不建議在隔日白天即刻補足睡眠", "C": "避免入睡前看電視", "D": "晚餐後不宜飲用可樂、熱可可及巧克力"}, "answer": "每人每天均應睡足7小時才足夠", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種自體免疫組織傷害主要是由自體反應性 T 淋巴球（autoreactive T lymphocytes）所引起？", "options": {"A": "第 1 型糖尿病（type I diabetes mellitus）", "B": "重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis）", "C": "Goodpasture's syndrome", "D": "Graves' disease"}, "answer": "第 1 型糖尿病（type I diabetes mellitus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "11 收縮壓（systolic pressure）為 148 mmHg、舒張壓（diastolic pressure）為 82 mmHg，其平均動脈壓 （mean arterial blood pressure）為多少 mmHg？ \n", "options": {"A": "66", "B": "104", "C": "115", "D": "133"}, "answer": "104", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲的男性病人主訴近幾年一到夏天身上都會出現紅色與棕色皮疹。理學檢查發現，患者的前胸與背部有許多粉紅色的圓形扁平脫屑皮疹，有些甚至融合在一起。KOH 鏡檢結果如下圖，則此病人最可能罹患何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "玫瑰糠疹（pityriasis rosea）", "B": "白色糠疹（pityriasis alba）", "C": "變色糠疹（pityriasis versicolor）", "D": "白斑（vitiligo）"}, "answer": "變色糠疹（pityriasis versicolor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不經由下小腦腳（inferior cerebellar peduncle）進入小腦？", "options": {"A": "前庭小腦徑（vestibulocerebellar tract）", "B": "橄欖核小腦徑（olivocerebellar tract）", "C": "背側脊髓小腦徑（dorsal spinocerebellar tract）", "D": "腹側脊髓小腦徑（ventral spinocerebellar tract）"}, "answer": "腹側脊髓小腦徑（ventral spinocerebellar tract）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 47 歲男性患有再生不良性貧血，長期接受輸血治療，患者全身皮膚呈現鐵灰色，血中 Ferritin 高於正常值 500 倍，此位患者可能同時患有下列併發症，其中何者最無相關？", "options": {"A": "心肌病變", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "白內障"}, "answer": "白內障", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名 20 歲男性，有臉頰皮脂腺瘤（adenoma sebaceum）、癲癇及弱智現象。腹腔電腦斷層掃描檢查發現他的左腎有一個 5 公分的腫瘤。該腫瘤最可能是：", "options": {"A": "過渡或移行細胞癌（transitional cell carcinoma）", "B": "Wilms 氏腫瘤", "C": "血管肌肉脂肪瘤（angiomyolipoma）", "D": "腎細胞癌（renal cell carcinoma）"}, "answer": "血管肌肉脂肪瘤（angiomyolipoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於髕骨骨折（patellar fracture），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "大部分髕骨骨折（patellar fracture）發生的原因，是遭受到直接外力（direct forces）撞擊；間接外力（indirect forces）造成的髕骨骨折較少", "B": "若骨折沒有移位，且股四頭肌的直伸機轉沒有受損（nondisplaced fractures with intact extensor mechanism of", "C": "若骨折有移位，應考慮採用手術治療。手術治療的方式很多，其中以全髕骨切除手術（total patellectomy）的治療效果最好", "D": "髕骨骨折術後應盡早接受物理治療，以恢復膝關節之功能性活動範圍（functional range of motion）"}, "answer": "若骨折有移位，應考慮採用手術治療。手術治療的方式很多，其中以全髕骨切除手術（total patellectomy）的治療效果最好", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "57 在真菌伺機性感染症（Opportunistic mycosis）中，目前唯一造成人類疾病並屬於擔子菌綱 （Basidiomycetes）之病原菌是下列何者？ \n", "options": {"A": "Penicillium marneffei \t", "B": "Aspergillus fumigatus", "C": "Rhizopus stolonifer \t", "D": "Cryptococcus neoformans"}, "answer": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "面神經（facial nerve）控制下頜下腺（submandibular gland）之神經纖維穿過：", "options": {"A": "下頜孔（mandibular foramen）", "B": "鼓室（tympanic cavity）", "C": "莖乳突孔（stylomastoid foramen）", "D": "翼管（pterygoid canal）"}, "answer": "鼓室（tympanic cavity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那⼀種肌細胞具有最低的ATPase活性？", "options": {"A": "slow oxidative fibers", "B": "smooth muscle fibers", "C": "fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers", "D": "fast-glycolytic fibers"}, "answer": "smooth muscle fibers", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "李先生是一位 72 歲男性，罹患攝護腺癌合併腰椎轉移，壓迫神經造成下肢癱瘓，經荷爾蒙、放射線及化學治療後疾病繼續進行，全身疼痛不堪。他請醫師幫他安樂死，則下列的處置何者是最不恰當？", "options": {"A": "家屬同意後安排安樂死", "B": "給予抗男性荷爾蒙治療", "C": "適當的疼痛控制 \t", "D": "給予支持性療法（supportive treatment）"}, "answer": "家屬同意後安排安樂死", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "李醫師看門診時，有位院內的周護理師並未依照掛號的次序，直接帶\t孩子進入診間，要求與她熟識的李醫師替她孩子先看病。李醫師要如何做最為恰當？", "options": {"A": "為要使周護理師能儘快回到工作崗位應優先替她孩子看病", "B": "對周護理師說外面有幾位孩子與家人在等\t叫號，請她稍等會儘快為她孩子看病", "C": "不理會周護理師，叫下一號病人進來", "D": "質問診間護理師為何讓周護理師與她孩子進來"}, "answer": "對周護理師說外面有幾位孩子與家人在等\t叫號，請她稍等會儘快為她孩子看病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "陰部神經（pudendal nerve）位於坐骨肛⾨窩（ischioanal fossa）的何處？", "options": {"A": "內側壁", "B": "外側壁", "C": "上側壁", "D": "後側壁"}, "answer": "外側壁", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種人類的行走輔具（ambulation aids）可提供最大的身體承重（weight bearing）？", "options": {"A": "手杖（cane）", "B": "腋下柺杖（axillary crutch）", "C": "上臂柺杖（forearm crutch）", "D": "助行器（walker）"}, "answer": "腋下柺杖（axillary crutch）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "經過一系列更精密的檢查，證明病人的心臟瓣膜有病變，但病人在一般活動時，並無症狀，只有在比較需要用力的時候，才會覺得喘，依據紐約心臟學會，心臟功能分級，仍在第 II 級，此時最好的建議是：", "options": {"A": "作冠狀動脈繞道手術  \t", "B": "開心手術將腫瘤切除", "C": "最好是等到心臟功能進入第 III 級，才建議手術", "D": "開心手術治療瓣膜病變"}, "answer": "開心手術治療瓣膜病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "藥物在血液中的濃度會隨著作用時間的延長而下降，其中藥物排除半衰期（elimination half-life）與藥物的何種特性有關？", "options": {"A": "與分布體積（volume of distribution）成反比，和廓清速率（rate of clearance）成反比", "B": "與分布體積（volume of distribution）成反比，和廓清速率（rate of clearance）成正比", "C": "與分布體積（volume of distribution）成正比，和廓清速率（rate of clearance）成反比", "D": "與分布體積（volume of distribution）成正比，和廓清速率（rate of clearance）成正比"}, "answer": "與分布體積（volume of distribution）成正比，和廓清速率（rate of clearance）成反比", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關抗利尿激素不當分泌症候群（syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為體液量低下之低血鈉（hypovolemic hyponatremia） \t", "B": "血清滲透度（osmolality）低下", "C": "常合併血清低尿酸值", "D": "不適當之濃縮尿液，尿液滲透度（urine osmolality）常大於 100 mosmol/kg"}, "answer": "為體液量低下之低血鈉（hypovolemic hyponatremia） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "15 病人 60 歲女性，有高血壓史，6 小時前因上腹部疼痛、嘔吐難耐到醫院求診，理學檢查血壓 160/90 mmHg ，心尖部有 2/6 度心收縮期心雜音，上腹部有輕微壓迫鈍痛，無肝腫大，下肢無水腫，白血球 15000/mm3\n ，心電圖出現 II、III、aVF，ST 波上升，則最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性腸炎", "C": "急性下壁心肌梗塞", "D": "急性胰臟炎"}, "answer": "急性下壁心肌梗塞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關麻疹的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒是一種 RNA 病毒，主要藉由飛沫傳染，亦可經由接觸傳染", "B": "發病初期的症狀以發燒、鼻炎、結膜炎以及咳嗽為主", "C": "發病 2 至 4 天後，皮膚上會出現柯氏斑點（Koplik's spots）以及紅疹，由頭部向下移至軀幹", "D": "施打 MMR 疫苗可以用來預防麻疹、流行性腮腺炎（mumps）以及德國麻疹（rubella）"}, "answer": "發病 2 至 4 天後，皮膚上會出現柯氏斑點（Koplik's spots）以及紅疹，由頭部向下移至軀幹", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者非氣胸手術適應症？", "options": {"A": "復發性氣胸 \t", "B": "合併大量血胸", "C": "插完胸管後立即追蹤的 X 光呈現肺塌陷", "D": "張力性氣胸"}, "answer": "插完胸管後立即追蹤的 X 光呈現肺塌陷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "72 歲男性，在 3 個禮拜前開始在軀幹與四肢出現廣泛性之大水疱，口腔及生殖器並沒有出現潰瘍，皮膚病理檢查顯示表皮下水疱，免疫螢光檢查顯示在基底膜處有線狀 IgG 及 C3 沈澱，則正確之診斷應是：", "options": {"A": "尋常性天疱瘡（pemphigus vulgaris）", "B": "落葉性天疱瘡（pemphigus foliaceus）", "C": "腫瘤伴生性天疱瘡（paraneoplastic pemphigus）", "D": "類天疱瘡（bullous pemphigoid）"}, "answer": "類天疱瘡（bullous pemphigoid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關胰島素（insulin）之作用，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "抑制phosphodiesterase活性，使cAMP無法轉變成AMP", "B": "減少肝細胞之fructose-2,6-bisphosphate濃度", "C": "抑制肝細胞之糖解作用（glycolysis）", "D": "刺激葡萄糖被送入肌肉細胞"}, "answer": "刺激葡萄糖被送入肌肉細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於theophylline在慢性阻塞性氣道疾病（chronic obstructive airway disease）的治療敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "抽煙與喝酒會增加theophylline的代謝", "B": "支氣管擴張效果主要來自於抑制呼吸道平滑肌之phosphodiesterase", "C": "低劑量theophylline有抗發炎效果，主要是直接抑制細胞核內histone deacetylase-2的活性", "D": "做為附加（add-on）治療，效果比吸入型長效性乙二型增效劑（long acting β2-agonist）弱"}, "answer": "低劑量theophylline有抗發炎效果，主要是直接抑制細胞核內histone deacetylase-2的活性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "動物緊張時，血糖可能會升高，此生理反應包含一聯串的訊息傳遞過程，包括protein kinase A磷酸化，以致於活化glycogenolysis，下列有關此訊息傳遞過程之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "norepinephrine及epinephrine作用於細胞膜上受體", "B": "受體直接活化Ras", "C": "活化G protein，進而活化adenylyl cyclase", "D": "增加cAMP，進而活化protein kinase A"}, "answer": "受體直接活化Ras", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "7 一位兒童血液凝集測試（hemagglutination test）結果如下：   生理食鹽水加兒童紅血球 \t未凝集   Anti A 加兒童紅血球\t未凝集   Anti B 加兒童紅血球  \t凝集   Anti RhD 加兒童紅血球 \t未凝集   兒童血清加 A 型紅血球 \t凝集   兒童血清加 B 型紅血球 \t未凝集   兒童血清加 RhD 陽性紅血球 \t未凝集  其生父及生母的血型最可能是下列那一組？ \n", "options": {"A": "O 型，RhD 陽性及 A 型，RhD 陽性", "B": "O 型，RhD 陽性及 B 型，RhD 陰性", "C": "O 型，RhD 陰性及 A 型，RhD 陰性", "D": "AB 型，RhD 陰性及 B 型，RhD 陰性"}, "answer": "AB 型，RhD 陰性及 B 型，RhD 陰性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 40 歲男性病患，10 年前曾接受過 Billroth II 胃次全切除手術，主訴上腹部劇痛有一天之久，但鼻胃管抽取物並無膽汁，下列何項是最適宜之診斷？", "options": {"A": "膽結石 \t", "B": "dumping syndrome \t", "C": "acute afferent loop syndrome", "D": "marginal ulcer"}, "answer": "acute afferent loop syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關皮質醇（cortisol）合成的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "促腎上腺皮質激素（ACTH）可促使皮質醇（cortisol）分泌細胞內之cAMP濃度升高", "B": "Protein kinase C是活化cholesteryl ester hydrolase並促進膽固醇從脂肪顆粒釋出的關鍵酵素", "C": "皮質醇（cortisol）主要在粒線體和平滑內質網內合成", "D": "皮質醇（cortisol）分泌細胞主要分布在腎上腺皮質部的束狀帶（zona fasciculata）"}, "answer": "Protein kinase C是活化cholesteryl ester hydrolase並促進膽固醇從脂肪顆粒釋出的關鍵酵素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "帶有下列那一種基因之同合子（homozygous）缺陷的人，對於人類免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染相對地具有抗性？", "options": {"A": "17p（p53）", "B": "HLA-B 5701", "C": "CCR5-delta 32", "D": "t（11；22）（q24；q12）"}, "answer": "CCR5-delta 32", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Disruption of the sacral basivertebral venous plexus 之大量出血的原因，通常是由於直腸手術中誤傷了那一個構造所引起？", "options": {"A": "Waldeyer's fascia \t", "B": "Denonvilliers' fascia", "C": "presacral fascia \t", "D": "fascia propria of rectum"}, "answer": "presacral fascia \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "肝癌之篩檢（screening）以下列那些項目最佳？", "options": {"A": "鹼性磷酸鹽酵素（alkaline phosphatase）、腹部超音波", "B": "胎兒蛋白、腹部超音波", "C": "膽紅素、腹部超音波", "D": "氨基丙酸氨基轉移（alanine aminotransferase, ALT）、腹部超音波"}, "answer": "胎兒蛋白、腹部超音波", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關於人體骨骼肌（skeletal muscle）的描述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "肌肉是人體中最大的組織，約占體重的70%", "B": "肌肉韌帶單元（muscle-tendon unit）通常橫跨一個或多個關節，它的附\t點大部分在骨頭上", "C": "單關節肌肉（one-joint muscle）通常參與較快的肌肉收縮，產生較小的力氣", "D": "雙關節肌肉（two-joint muscles）通常位於較表前淺的位置，能產生較慢的收縮，和較大的力氣"}, "answer": "肌肉韌帶單元（muscle-tendon unit）通常橫跨一個或多個關節，它的附\t點大部分在骨頭上", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者並非造成帶狀角膜病變（band keratopathy）的原因？", "options": {"A": "慢性虹彩炎", "B": "高血鈣及血磷", "C": "尿毒症", "D": "甲狀腺功能異常"}, "answer": "甲狀腺功能異常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一個代謝途徑不會產生二氧化碳？", "options": {"A": "五碳糖磷酸途徑（pentose phosphate pathway）", "B": "克氏循環（TCA cycle）", "C": "從草醯乙酸（oxaloacetate）開始的糖質新生作用（gluconeogenesis）", "D": "糖解作用（glycolysis）"}, "answer": "糖解作用（glycolysis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "穿過陰莖腳（crura）走入陰莖海綿體（corpus cavernosum）內，去支配陰莖勃起組織的動脈是：", "options": {"A": "陰莖球體動脈（arteries of the bulb of the penis）", "B": "陰莖深動脈（deep arteries of the penis）", "C": "陰莖背動脈（dorsal arteries of the penis）", "D": "陰部外動脈（external pudendal arteries）"}, "answer": "陰莖深動脈（deep arteries of the penis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "革蘭氏陰性菌造成敗血症（septicemia）的原因，常與其所共有的那種成分相關？", "options": {"A": "磷壁酸（teichoic acids）", "B": "鞭毛素（flagellin）", "C": "脂質 A（lipid A） \t", "D": "線毛素（pilin）"}, "answer": "脂質 A（lipid A） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，影像學顯示有膽囊結石，後腹腔有一1.5公分胰臟囊腫，則下列何者為最可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "急性闌尾炎（acute appendicitis）", "B": "膽源性胰臟炎（biliary pancreatitis ）", "C": "急性肝炎（acute hepatitis）", "D": "腸阻塞（intestinal obstruction）"}, "answer": "膽源性胰臟炎（biliary pancreatitis ）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位59歲的婦女下腹疼痛一個月之久，CBC,CA125,CEA均正常，經超音波及斷層掃描檢查後，結果疑似輸卵管癌，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "手術剖腹探查時，主要的腫瘤是在子宮旁（adnexa）", "B": "輸卵管的內膜可見被乳突狀型態(papillary pattern)腫瘤細胞所侵犯", "C": "如果輸卵管有廣泛侵犯，其擴散及轉移途徑與卵巢癌相似", "D": "經常可以發現在腹膜轉移不會經淋巴腺轉移"}, "answer": "經常可以發現在腹膜轉移不會經淋巴腺轉移", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "48 有關腹壁缺損（abdominal wall defect）的敘述，下列何者正確？①臍膨出（omphalocele）的腹壁缺口較大 ②裂腹畸形（gastroschisis）較常合併染色體異常 ③肝臟膨出較常見於臍膨出（omphalocele）  ④裂腹畸形（gastroschisis）具有包囊（sac），而臍膨出（omphalocele）則否 \n", "options": {"A": "②③", "B": "①③", "C": "③④", "D": "①②"}, "answer": "①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一般情況下，下列何者分支出心臟的斜角動脈（diagonal artery）？", "options": {"A": "右邊緣動脈（right marginal artery）", "B": "左邊緣動脈（left marginal artery）", "C": "前室間動脈（anterior interventricular artery）", "D": "後室間動脈（posterior interventricular artery）"}, "answer": "前室間動脈（anterior interventricular artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物屬於長效型β2-adrenergic agonist，不得用於急性氣喘發作？", "options": {"A": "salbutamol", "B": "salmeterol", "C": "terbutaline", "D": "metaproterenol"}, "answer": "salmeterol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "治療氣喘病的藥物主要有急性發作時使用的緩解藥物（quick reliever）及長期使用的保養藥物（long- term controller medication）。下列何者不屬於氣喘長期保養藥物？", "options": {"A": "吸入劑型類固醇（inhaled corticosteroids）", "B": "長效吸入型乙二型腎上腺素作用劑（long-acting inhaled β2-agonist）", "C": "白三烯素調節劑（leukotriene-modifying agents）", "D": "抗膽鹼劑（anticholinergic agents）"}, "answer": "長效吸入型乙二型腎上腺素作用劑（long-acting inhaled β2-agonist）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關鼻竇炎敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "急性鼻竇炎常因病毒或細菌所引起，細菌中以金黃色葡萄球菌為最常見菌種", "B": "慢性鼻竇炎主因於鼻竇開口阻塞，以致續發鼻竇黏膜及纖毛功能變差", "C": "慢性鼻竇炎治療以開刀引流為主，輔以全身性抗生素及口服類固醇", "D": "所有黴菌性鼻竇炎除開刀引流外，均需併用 amphotericin B 治療黴菌感染"}, "answer": "慢性鼻竇炎主因於鼻竇開口阻塞，以致續發鼻竇黏膜及纖毛功能變差", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "4週大的女嬰全身皮膚變黃，大便顏色由黃棕色逐漸變成淡黃色甚至灰白色。身體檢查發現女嬰有肝腫大的情形，肝臟切片檢查發現膽小管（bile ductule）增生，門脈區水腫及纖維化，肝細胞有明顯膽汁鬱積（cholestasis）。以下何者為最有可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "總膽管囊腫（choledochal cyst）", "B": "膽管炎（cholangitis）", "C": "膽道閉鎖（biliary atresia）", "D": "膽管癌（cholangiocarcinoma）"}, "answer": "膽道閉鎖（biliary atresia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "21 歲男性，主訴近兩個月來頭痛、視力模糊、步態不穩且常有嘔吐情形。電腦斷層掃描可見松果體區有一個腫瘤，且引起腦室擴張。此病患接受立體定位切片確定診斷後，再接受放射線治療，之後腫瘤消失。這個腫瘤最有可能的病理診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "惡性神經膠質瘤（glioblastoma multiforme, GBM）", "B": "畸胎瘤（teratoma）", "C": "室管膜瘤（ependymoma）", "D": "生殖細胞瘤（germinoma）"}, "answer": "生殖細胞瘤（germinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是惡性腫瘤必須具有的生理特性？", "options": {"A": "Insensitivity to anti-growth signals", "B": "Sustained angiogenesis", "C": "Evasion of apoptosis \t", "D": "Active mitotic activity"}, "answer": "Active mitotic activity", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種抗生素（antibiotic）不會抑制細菌的蛋白質合成？", "options": {"A": "氨苄青黴素（ampicillin）", "B": "鏈黴素（streptomycin）", "C": "氯黴素（chloramphenicol）", "D": "四環素（tetracycline）"}, "answer": "氨苄青黴素（ampicillin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "依據現行醫師執業登記及繼續教育辦法的規定，繼續教育學分不包括下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "醫學課程", "B": "醫學倫理", "C": "醫療相關法規", "D": "醫務管理"}, "answer": "醫務管理", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "30\n 承上題，檢查結果最可能合併的畸形為何？\n", "options": {"A": "Down syndrome", "B": "Turner syndrome", "C": "Patau syndrome", "D": "open spina bifida"}, "answer": "open spina bifida", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那個尿液診斷指標對於鑑別診斷 prerenal 或 intrinsic renal 之急性腎衰竭最有用？", "options": {"A": "urine sodium concentration", "B": "urine creatinine to plasma creatinine ratio", "C": "urine osmolality \t", "D": "fractional excretion of sodium"}, "answer": "fractional excretion of sodium", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "51.有一位婦人因發燒，伴隨有嚴重的頭痛、肌肉疼痛、腹瀉和眼睛變紅等症狀而就診，經抽血檢\t確定為鉤端螺旋體病 （leptospirosis）。關於此疾病，下列敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "其致病菌之宿主有老鼠、狗、豬、牛、馬、羊等動物", "B": "此病菌不容易用革蘭氏染色法觀察到", "C": "該病菌可長期寄生於動物的腎小管（renal tubules）中", "D": "此疾病以壁虱（ticks）為傳播媒介"}, "answer": "此疾病以壁虱（ticks）為傳播媒介", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在第一型內含子（group I intron）剪接（splicing）的過程中，需要下列何者協助？", "options": {"A": "鳥嘌呤核苷（guanine nucleoside）或鳥嘌呤核苷酸（guanine nucleotide）", "B": "接合酶（ligase）", "C": "小核RNAs（small nuclear RNAs）和接合酶（ligase）", "D": "ATP、NAD+和小核RNAs（small nuclear RNAs）"}, "answer": "鳥嘌呤核苷（guanine nucleoside）或鳥嘌呤核苷酸（guanine nucleotide）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是比較符合病人自願（voluntariness）之醫療介入方式？", "options": {"A": "焦慮症（anxiety disorder）病人A長期接受醫師P之診治，非常信任醫師P，遵照醫師P認為正確的方式進行治療", "B": "醫師P建議慢性思覺失調症患者S之家屬，可以增加病人零用錢之方式，來勸誘S定期服藥", "C": "醫師P擔心慢性思覺失調症患者B女不願服用抗精神病藥物，並未對B女說明長期用藥可能導致體重增加之效果", "D": "醫師P對躁症患者M說：「如果妳不答應自願住院，我就將妳強制住院。」M終於簽了自願住院同意書"}, "answer": "焦慮症（anxiety disorder）病人A長期接受醫師P之診治，非常信任醫師P，遵照醫師P認為正確的方式進行治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞與交感神經元同源？", "options": {"A": "腎上腺嗜鉻細胞（chromaffin cells）", "B": "腎上腺皮質細胞（adrenocortical cells）", "C": "副甲狀腺主細胞（parathyroid chief cells）", "D": "甲狀腺濾泡細胞（thyroid follicular cells）"}, "answer": "腎上腺嗜鉻細胞（chromaffin cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在男性的生殖輔助腺體（accessory glands）中，體積最大的是：", "options": {"A": "前列腺（prostate gland）", "B": "精囊（seminal vesicles）", "C": "尿道球腺（bulbourethral glands）", "D": "尿道腺（urethral glands）"}, "answer": "前列腺（prostate gland）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "滲出性視網膜剝離（exudative retinal detachment）最具診斷價值的特徵為何？", "options": {"A": "視網膜表面凹陷（concave surface）", "B": "視網膜下液體移位（shifting fluid）", "C": "視網膜牽扯皺褶（traction fold）", "D": "視網膜剝離與未剝離之交界線（demarcation lines）"}, "answer": "視網膜下液體移位（shifting fluid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關病因與\"關節炎分類＂的配對中，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis arthritis - chronic polyarticular arthritis", "B": "Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthritis - acute polyarticular arthritis", "C": "Staphylococcus aureus arthritis - acute monoarticular arthritis", "D": "Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis - acute episodes of polyarthritis on both hands"}, "answer": "Staphylococcus aureus arthritis - acute monoarticular arthritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "陳太太是一位62歲的乳癌患者，在腫瘤切除手術後回診時對王醫師說：「我最近右上腹有點脹脹的感覺，是不是該進一步檢查？」，王醫師回答：「我了解您對乳癌的擔心，深怕問題沒有處理好；但手術前的各項檢查並沒有發現有局部腫瘤以外的問題...。」。王醫師使用的是那一種溝通技巧？", "options": {"A": "個人支持（personal support）", "B": "同理心（empathy）", "C": "回應（reflection）", "D": "積極傾聽（active listening）"}, "answer": "同理心（empathy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "職業性皮膚病中以何者最為常見？", "options": {"A": "色素沈積性疾病", "B": "接觸性皮膚炎", "C": "感染性皮膚疾病", "D": "結締組織疾病"}, "answer": "接觸性皮膚炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "口圍皮膚炎（perioral dermatitis）好發於年輕女性，下列外用藥物何者為治療之禁忌？", "options": {"A": "皮質類固醇（topical corticosteroid）", "B": "Metronidazole", "C": "紅黴素（erythromycin）", "D": "四環黴素（tetracycline）"}, "answer": "皮質類固醇（topical corticosteroid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列關於裘馨⽒肌⾁失養症（Duchenne muscular dystrophy）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "屬於X染⾊體性聯隱性遺傳（sex-linked recessive inheritance）", "B": "⾛路不穩搖擺主要是因為臀中肌（gluteus medius）無⼒所致", "C": "典型患者通常於8⾄12歲時會喪失步⾏能⼒", "D": "臨床上⾒到患者會有⾼爾⽒徵象（Gowers' sign）是因為遠端肢體無⼒所致"}, "answer": "臨床上⾒到患者會有⾼爾⽒徵象（Gowers' sign）是因為遠端肢體無⼒所致", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "60 歲女性，身材較為肥胖。因最近有不正常的陰道出血就醫。她已停經 10 年且未曾生育。骨盆腔檢查發現子宮大小正常，兩側卵巢並無腫瘤，子宮頸外觀正常。她有 20 年的糖尿病與高血壓病史。下列何種變化最可能出現在她的子宮？", "options": {"A": "腺癌（adenocarcinoma）", "B": "子宮腺肌症（adenomyosis）", "C": "絨毛膜癌（choriocarcinoma）", "D": "子宮肉瘤（leiomyosarcoma）"}, "answer": "腺癌（adenocarcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於痛風（gout）及偽痛風（pseudogout）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "痛風性關節炎主要是尿酸（uric acid）沈積，而偽痛風又名 calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate（CPPD） deposition disease，主要是焦磷酸鹽沈積為主", "B": "Gout 最常影響腳上大拇趾第一掌蹠關節（first metatarsal joint），而 pseudogout 最常影響膝關節", "C": "尿酸結晶在偏極光下呈現陽性，而焦磷酸鹽結晶呈現陰性", "D": "Gout 及 pseudogout 都可用秋水仙素（colchicine）治療"}, "answer": "尿酸結晶在偏極光下呈現陽性，而焦磷酸鹽結晶呈現陰性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "依據世界衛生組織的統計，下列那一類疾病是目前人類社會傳染性疾病中造成死亡的最主要原因？", "options": {"A": "後天免疫不全症候群（AIDS）", "B": "結核病（tuberculosis）", "C": "痢疾（dysentery）", "D": "急性呼吸器官感染（包括肺炎和流行性感冒）（acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia and"}, "answer": "急性呼吸器官感染（包括肺炎和流行性感冒）（acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia and", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "肌肉皮瓣移植時，缺氧過久會產生「no reflow phenomenon」，是因那種細胞受到破壞？", "options": {"A": "交感神經 \t", "B": "副交感神經", "C": "內皮細胞（endothelial cell）", "D": "白血球及血小板"}, "answer": "內皮細胞（endothelial cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "目前多數人認為肺氣腫形成的機轉是：", "options": {"A": "Surfactant 減少 \t", "B": "蛋白及抗蛋白失衡", "C": "氧氣中毒 \t", "D": "支氣管阻塞加上感染"}, "answer": "蛋白及抗蛋白失衡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於闌尾（appendix）切除手術，定位盲腸（cecum）時所用的 McBurney's point 位於肚臍和右側髂骨前上棘（anterior superior iliac spine）連線的：", "options": {"A": "外側 1/3 點處", "B": "內側 1/3 點處", "C": "1/2 點處", "D": "外側 1/4 點處"}, "answer": "1/2 點處", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位長期高血壓的病人接受眼底檢查，下列何者與高血壓視網膜病變（hypertensive retinopathy）較無關？", "options": {"A": "黃斑滲出物（macular exudate）", "B": "動靜脈相交處（A-V crossing）呈現靜脈壓迫", "C": "局部脈絡膜梗塞 \t", "D": "小動脈管腔變大（arteriolar widening）"}, "answer": "小動脈管腔變大（arteriolar widening）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "陳女士48歲，右側乳房發現有3公分大小的腫瘤，經粗針穿刺證實為侵犯性乳管癌，右鎖骨上同時有1.5公分大小的淋巴結，細針穿刺發現癌細胞，安排後續影像檢查，下列何者不適宜？", "options": {"A": "正子攝影 ( PET )", "B": "骨骼掃描 ( bone scan )", "C": "肺臟超音波 ( lung sonography )", "D": "肝臟超音波 ( liver sonography )"}, "answer": "肺臟超音波 ( lung sonography )", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當偏頭痛（migraine）患者出現輕微到中度的頭痛症狀時，下列何者可以作為第一線的治療藥物？", "options": {"A": "acetaminophen", "B": "allopurinol", "C": "celecoxib", "D": "naproxen"}, "answer": "naproxen", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "腦下垂體中風（pituitary apoplexy）最常⾒的原因為：", "options": {"A": "嚴重之腦下垂體出⾎", "B": "⾎管之阻塞導致缺⾎性壞死", "C": "膿瘍之產⽣", "D": "惡性腫瘤細胞之侵犯"}, "answer": "嚴重之腦下垂體出⾎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在照顧病人的醫療行為（clinical actions）中，下列何者是最重要的步驟？", "options": {"A": "手術（procedures） \t", "B": "給藥（prescription）", "C": "判斷（judgments） \t", "D": "心理治療（psychotherapy）"}, "answer": "判斷（judgments） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關日本腦炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis virus）與登革熱病毒（Dengue virus）特性之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "均可注射疫苗，預防感染", "B": "被感染之宿主可再直接散播病毒", "C": "均由埃及斑蚊傳播 \t", "D": "感染後均產生感冒般症狀（flu-like symptom）"}, "answer": "感染後均產生感冒般症狀（flu-like symptom）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲男性病患因車禍被送到急診處，心跳為每分鐘 120 下，血壓為 90/50 mmHg。胸部 X 光顯示左側肺野完全變白。插入胸管後 10 分鐘內流出 1500 mL 鮮血。請問以下處置何者為不適當？", "options": {"A": "立刻開始靜脈輸液，並準備輸血", "B": "安排胸腔鏡手術止血，避免開胸以減小傷口及進一步創傷", "C": "評估病患是否有呼吸功能不足，考慮給予氧氣或插管使用呼吸器", "D": "如持續胸管引流出血量增加，須考慮開胸手術"}, "answer": "安排胸腔鏡手術止血，避免開胸以減小傷口及進一步創傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於功能性腸胃道疾患（functional gastrointestinal disorders）的精神科治療，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "三環類抗鬱劑（tricyclic antidepressants）可以減緩這些患者之腸躁症狀", "B": "選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑（selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors）可能造成腸胃道不  \t適，使病人提早停藥或順從性不佳 \t", "C": "使用精神科藥物治療功能性腸胃道疾患時，須監測其藥物副作用", "D": "許多心理治療模式對於這些患者的治療具有療效，例如長期之精神分析治療"}, "answer": "許多心理治療模式對於這些患者的治療具有療效，例如長期之精神分析治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Cystic hygroma 最好發的位置是：", "options": {"A": "頸部", "B": "腋下", "C": "腹內", "D": "腎"}, "answer": "頸部", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關聚合酶鏈鎖反應（polymerase chain reaction; PCR）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "擴大的DNA片段（amplified DNA fragments）是可以被選殖的", "B": "同一組引子（primers）通常可以同時擴增多個基因體中的位點", "C": "被擴增DNA片段的範圍（DNA boundaries）是取決於一對引子在DNA模板的相對位置", "D": "一根毛髮上的毛囊（hair follicle）所萃取出的DNA就足夠為PCR的模板"}, "answer": "同一組引子（primers）通常可以同時擴增多個基因體中的位點", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種抗癲癇藥物使用在 2 歲以下的嬰幼兒容易發生肝臟毒性，一般常在使用後的 4 個月內會發生？", "options": {"A": "Valproic acid", "B": "Vigabatrin", "C": "Ethosuximide", "D": "Diazepam"}, "answer": "Valproic acid", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲男性，過去有多年的糖尿病病史，來急診室就診時，血壓 87/55 mmHg，脈搏數 120 下/每分鐘，呼吸次數 20 下/每分鐘，體溫 39℃，主訴左腳異常疼痛（如下圖），理學檢查發現紅腫處有明顯壓痛與爆裂聲（crepitus）。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "必須考量是壞死性筋膜炎（Necrotizing Fasciitis）", "B": "已出現敗血症休克，一開始必須積極給予輸液治療", "C": "此感染多為混合菌種的感染，抗生素的使用必須能涵蓋厭氧菌", "D": "內科治療為首要，使用後線抗生素無效後，再考慮外科清創手術"}, "answer": "內科治療為首要，使用後線抗生素無效後，再考慮外科清創手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 31 歲女性因頭暈被送至急診室，血液檢查發現血色素 4.5 g/dL，平均血球容積為 135 fL，生命徵象如下：血壓 120/70 mmHg，心跳 70/min，呼吸 16/min，血液抹片檢查發現有紅血球凝集之現象，庫姆式試驗（Coombs test）呈陽性反應。下列處置何者恰當？", "options": {"A": "立即輸紅血球（packed RBC）2 單位作血液成分治療", "B": "立即輸全血 500 c.c.", "C": "立即做血漿置換術（plasmapheresis）", "D": "給予類固醇治療"}, "answer": "給予類固醇治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一項是 DNA 和 RNA 共同的特性？", "options": {"A": "都是雙股螺旋鏈 \t", "B": "合成過程都具有校正機制避免錯誤", "C": "核酸中都含有磷酸根、醣及鹼基", "D": "在五碳醣的第二個位置都是-OH 基"}, "answer": "核酸中都含有磷酸根、醣及鹼基", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一名 39 歲育有 3 子的婦女，主訴有嚴重的經痛及經血異常，內診檢查發現子宮腫大伴隨著有壓痛感，兩側卵巢及附屬器無明顯異常，子宮內膜切片也是正常，下列那一個是最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "子宮內膜異位症", "B": "子宮內膜炎", "C": "子宮肌腺症", "D": "子宮內膜癌"}, "answer": "子宮肌腺症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "56 歲女性有高血壓病史，曾使用女性荷爾蒙，最近二週來因右下肢水腫及痠痛至醫院，診斷為右下肢深部靜脈栓塞（deep vein thrombosis），之後接受抗凝血藥物 Coumadin 治療，並被囑咐回家庭醫師處追蹤，她合理凝血酶原時間（prothrombin time）之 INR（international normalized ratio）值應維持在：", "options": {"A": "1.5 至 2.0", "B": "2.0 至 3.0", "C": "3.0 至 4.0", "D": "4.0 至 4.5"}, "answer": "2.0 至 3.0", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "先天性腎上腺增⽣（Congenital adrenal hyperplasia）為⼀群因酵素缺乏⽽導致⽪質醇製造不⾜的疾病，下列何種型別盛⾏率最⾼？", "options": {"A": "21-hydroxylase deficiency, nonclassic type", "B": "11β-hydroxylase deficiency", "C": "3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, classic type", "D": "17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency"}, "answer": "21-hydroxylase deficiency, nonclassic type", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是胰島素（insulin）在肝臟之作用？", "options": {"A": "抑制肝醣分解 \t", "B": "抑制脂肪酸轉變成酮酸", "C": "促進胺基酸轉變成葡萄糖", "D": "促進葡萄糖以肝醣方式儲存"}, "answer": "促進胺基酸轉變成葡萄糖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種細菌之致病性不是經由其產生的毒素，而是細菌本身造成的？", "options": {"A": "化膿性鏈球菌（Streptococcus pyogenes） \t", "B": "金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）", "C": "白喉棒狀桿菌（Corynebacterium diphtheriae） \t", "D": "結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）"}, "answer": "結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "過氧化物酵素體（peroxisome）可進行脂肪酸的 beta-oxidation，但分解至下列何者即不再繼續進行？", "options": {"A": "hexanoyl CoA", "B": "octanoyl CoA", "C": "decanoyl CoA", "D": "dodecanoyl CoA"}, "answer": "octanoyl CoA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種腫瘤常長在指甲下，並具激烈觸疼和對溫差非常敏感？", "options": {"A": "Neuroma", "B": "Xanthoma", "C": "Glomus tumor", "D": "Enchondroma"}, "answer": "Glomus tumor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 34 歲男性發現睪丸有腫塊，經開刀做病理檢查證實為精細胞瘤（seminoma），電腦斷層檢查發現後腹腔有多個淋巴結腫大，最大者直徑為 6 公分，病人接受化學治療後腫瘤消失。則下列標記何者最有可能做為此病人追踪之用？", "options": {"A": "αFP", "B": "hCG", "C": "CA125", "D": "β2-microglobulin"}, "answer": "hCG", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "97.醫院欲開辦免費戒菸班，經宣傳後共募30位吸菸民眾報名參加，下列何理論所提供的知識或技巧不適合負責實施戒菸班課程的專業人員採用？  ", "options": {"A": "跨理論模式 （the transtheoretical model）", "B": "計畫行為理論 （theory of planned behavior）", "C": "社會認知理論 （social cognitive theory）", "D": "社會行銷（social marketing）"}, "answer": "社會行銷（social marketing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位年滿 6 歲 5 個月的國小一年級男童前來精神科門診。初診主要觀察發現：其隨意觸碰或拿取診察桌上物品、坐立不安，且經常於檢查中離席。讓他做總題數 36 題之彩色瑞文氏非語文智力測驗（Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, CPM）時，注意力分散，草率答題，只用 18 分鐘便答完（一般孩童平均使用 25 分鐘）。根據上述資料，最優先考慮之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "強迫症 \t", "B": "自閉症 \t", "C": "過動症 \t", "D": "性別認同障礙"}, "answer": "過動症 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "抗 CD-20 單株抗體與化學治療合併使用治療下列何種疾病最有效？", "options": {"A": "B 細胞淋巴癌 \t", "B": "T 細胞淋巴癌 \t", "C": "NK 細胞淋巴癌 \t", "D": "多發性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma）"}, "answer": "B 細胞淋巴癌 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲男性病患，因罹患食道腫瘤，於術前接受放射性治療及中心靜脈全營養。三天後，病人呈現倦怠及行為異常，病人的小便增至 3,000 毫升/24 小時，此時對本病人應施行何種檢查？", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺", "B": "檢驗血糖", "C": "檢驗血清中的電解質", "D": "檢驗肝功能"}, "answer": "檢驗血糖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "支配下孖肌（inferior gemellus）的神經受損，下列何者也可能退化萎縮？", "options": {"A": "上孖肌（superior gemellus）", "B": "梨狀肌（piriformis）", "C": "股方肌（quadratus femoris）", "D": "閉孔內肌（obturator internus）"}, "answer": "股方肌（quadratus femoris）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關安非他命（amphetamines）藥理機轉，乃在於刺激神經間隙前之末端（presynaptic terminals）分泌下列何種神經傳導介質？", "options": {"A": "多巴胺（dopamine）及正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）", "B": "血清素（serotonin） \t", "C": "神經胜肽 Y（neuropeptide Y）", "D": "麩胺酸（glutamate）"}, "answer": "多巴胺（dopamine）及正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一 45 歲乳癌患者已發生全身多處骨骼轉移，近來發生口乾、便秘、多尿現象。病人因神智不清被送至急診室，腦部電腦斷層檢查正常，這位病患最有可能是何種診斷？", "options": {"A": "血鈉過高", "B": "血鈣過高", "C": "血鉀過高", "D": "血鎂過高"}, "answer": "血鈣過高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者屬於肩旋轉肌群？", "options": {"A": "小圓肌", "B": "胸大肌", "C": "提肩胛肌", "D": "大菱形肌"}, "answer": "小圓肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列骨髓化生不良症候群（myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS）各亞型中，何者預後最差？", "options": {"A": "refractory anemia \t \t", "B": "refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts", "C": "refractory anemia with excess blasts \t", "D": "MDS with isolated del(5q)"}, "answer": "refractory anemia with excess blasts \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "許多非關節炎疾病常可能合併關節病變，下列相關敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "hypertrophic osteoarthropathy與肺癌（lung cancer）有關", "B": "pigmented villonodular synovitis（PVNS）與糖尿病（diabetes mellitus）有關", "C": "hemophilic arthropathy與慢性腎臟病（chronic kidney disease）有關", "D": "neuropathic joint disease與carpal tunnel syndrome有關"}, "answer": "hypertrophic osteoarthropathy與肺癌（lung cancer）有關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "58.腦中風發病6個月後的病人，他的右側肢體目前可以稍微對抗地心引力移動，但是會有明顯肌肉緊張及協同 （synergy）動作出現。依據Brunnstrom的運動功能分級屬於那一階段？ \n", "options": {"A": "stage1", "B": "stage2", "C": "stage3", "D": "stage5"}, "answer": "stage3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "人類之精原細胞（spermatogonium）發育成為成熟的精子約需幾天？", "options": {"A": "2 天", "B": "16 天", "C": "32 天", "D": "74 天"}, "answer": "74 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "常見於癌細胞組織中的腫瘤基因（Oncogene）所轉譯之 ErbB 蛋白，是經由下列那一個受體（Receptor）的訊息傳導路徑而進行作用？", "options": {"A": "Insulin receptor \t", "B": "PDGF receptor \t", "C": "EGF receptor \t", "D": "G-protein coupling receptor"}, "answer": "EGF receptor \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲的男性因性慾降低及勃起功能障礙而求診，經抽血檢驗發現其血中睪酮（testosterone）量只有 150 ng/dL（正常值為 300 ng/dL）。醫師給予之診斷為男性更年期（或稱男性性腺分泌不足），故給予定時之睪酮注射補充治療（replacement therapy）。經由一段時間的睪酮補充之後，下列何種現象是較不會發生的？", "options": {"A": "落髮量增多，結果頭頂禿髮的情形變嚴重", "B": "陰部及臉上鬍鬚之毛髮量增多", "C": "血中血紅素（hemoglobin）數值增加", "D": "睪丸內精子之製造量增加"}, "answer": "睪丸內精子之製造量增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一項檢查結果最符合 Primary aldosteronism 的診斷？", "options": {"A": "尿液 pH 值偏酸性", "B": "血鉀濃度增加", "C": "舒張性高血壓（diastolic hypertension），但無水腫", "D": "站立時，腎素（renin）的分泌增加"}, "answer": "舒張性高血壓（diastolic hypertension），但無水腫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "35 歲李小姐因為甲狀腺 3.5 公分單一結節接受檢查，包括血清甲狀腺功能檢查、頸部超音波、Tc-99m 甲狀腺掃描、細針抽吸（fine needle aspiration, FNA）細胞學檢查，則下列何描述正確？", "options": {"A": "Tc-99m 甲狀腺掃描，若結節的吸收增加代表惡性機率高 \t", "B": "頸部超音波只能區別 cystic 或 solid，無法鑑別良性或惡性", "C": "FNA 細胞學檢查可以看出分化良好的濾泡型甲狀腺癌", "D": "FNA 的結果如果是 follicular neoplasm，最好建議病患接受手術"}, "answer": "頸部超音波只能區別 cystic 或 solid，無法鑑別良性或惡性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "91 下列何種疾病 常伴隨原發性硬化性膽管炎（primary sclerosing cholangitis）？  ", "options": {"A": "全身性紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus）", "B": "葛雷夫氏病（Graves' disease）", "C": "胰臟炎（pancreatitis）", "D": "潰瘍性結腸炎（ulcerative colitis）"}, "answer": "潰瘍性結腸炎（ulcerative colitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者供應內囊後支（posterior limb of internal capsule）之血流？", "options": {"A": "前大腦動脈（anterior cerebral artery）", "B": "後交通動脈（posterior communicating artery）", "C": "丘腦穿通動脈（thalamoperforating artery）", "D": "前脈絡叢動脈（anterior choroidal artery）"}, "answer": "前脈絡叢動脈（anterior choroidal artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 75 歲男性，8 年前開始於四肢出現無症狀皮疹，此皮疹逐漸增加、擴散。至 3 年前，此皮疹幾乎擴達全身。此後皮疹的範圍無明顯變化。8 年間，病人很少服藥。理學檢查，皮疹犯及 90%以上的皮表面積（紅皮症）（如圖一所示）。兩側腋下及腹股溝淋巴結明顯腫大，血液抹片可見異型淋巴球（如圖二所示）。此病患最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "藥物疹（drug eruption）", "B": "皮肌炎（dermatomyositis）", "C": "西紮利氏症（Sézary syndrome）", "D": "柏哲德氏病（Paget's disease）"}, "answer": "西紮利氏症（Sézary syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 Prune-belly syndrome 的症狀？", "options": {"A": "下腹肌肉鬆弛", "B": "泌尿道擴張", "C": "隱睪", "D": "結腸擴張"}, "answer": "結腸擴張", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關周全性評估老人功能的量表與目的，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "日常生活活動功能（basic activities of daily living, ADLs）使用巴氏生活量表（Barthel's index）評估個人日常", "B": "工具性日常生活活動功能（instrumental activities of daily living, IADLs）評估個人於社區獨立生活的能力", "C": "簡式智能評估量表（mini-mental status examination, MMSE）篩檢智商與溝通能力", "D": "老年憂鬱量表（geriatric depression scale, GDS）篩檢及評估憂鬱狀況"}, "answer": "簡式智能評估量表（mini-mental status examination, MMSE）篩檢智商與溝通能力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Low serum iron, Low serum ferritin, Hypochromic microcytic erythrocyte, High total plasma iron-binding capacity, Low transferrin saturation 是下列何者的特徵？", "options": {"A": "Anemia of chronic disease", "B": "Thalassemia", "C": "Sideroblastic anemia \t", "D": "Iron deficiency anemia"}, "answer": "Iron deficiency anemia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "25 一位 49 歲女性三個月前接受屍腎移植，最近二個星期每天上午發燒一次，約 39℃，抽血檢查如下： WBC：3200、Band：0%、Seg：62%、Plt：154K、BUN/Cre：24/1.3 mg/dL，胸部 X 光無明顯病兆， 血液、痰液、尿液培養並無細菌、黴菌、結核菌感染，接下來應做何檢查？ \n", "options": {"A": "check CMV、PCP、mycoplasma infection", "B": "renal biopsy", "C": "abdominal CT \t", "D": "PET CT"}, "answer": "check CMV、PCP、mycoplasma infection", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關於舌甲狀腺（lingual thyroid）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "女性居多", "B": "甲狀腺功能大多正常", "C": "甲狀腺掃描是治療前的必要檢查項目", "D": "有症狀才需手術切除"}, "answer": "甲狀腺功能大多正常", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那個妊娠週數，最易觀察到胎兒有濃稠胎糞（meconium）排出的情況？", "options": {"A": "⼩於24週", "B": "⼤於42週", "C": "⼩於37週", "D": "介於38～41週之間"}, "answer": "⼤於42週", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "目前在治療真菌感染症時，仍有許多問題存在且全球真菌性感染人口數亦呈上升趨勢，其相關因素並不包括下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "真菌的菌種明顯增加 \t", "B": "抗藥性真菌的產生 \t", "C": "免疫抑制藥物的大量使用", "D": "愛滋病感染者大幅增加"}, "answer": "真菌的菌種明顯增加 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "43 星狀細胞瘤（astrocytoma）是神經膠質瘤中最常見者，世界衛生組織分類系統（World Health  Organization classification system）將其分為四級（grades 1 to 4），有關星狀細胞瘤的敘述，下列何者最正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "pilocytic astrocytoma 屬 grade 1 星狀細胞瘤，病患一般較年輕", "B": "pilocytic astrocytoma 常好發於小腦半球及下視丘（cerebellar hemisphere and hypothalamus），屬良性腫瘤，預後良好", "C": "Low-grade 星狀細胞瘤屬良性腫瘤，完全手術清除與否並不影響預後", "D": "化學治療（chemotherapy）對 high-grade 及 low-grade 星狀細胞瘤（astrocytoma）皆有良好療效"}, "answer": "pilocytic astrocytoma 屬 grade 1 星狀細胞瘤，病患一般較年輕", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 35 歲女性因右上腹疼痛一年求診，通常發作在吃較多食物以後，有時伴隨噁心、嘔吐，超音波檢查發現約 10 顆鈣化膽結石，但膽囊大小正常，膽囊壁厚度正常，且膽管正常，抽血生化檢查、血球計數正常，在此狀態作治療計畫，下列何者最應優先考慮？", "options": {"A": "只要觀察，不必治療 \t", "B": "口服 Ursodeoxycholic acid", "C": "shock wave lithotripsy", "D": "laparoscopic cholecystectomy"}, "answer": "laparoscopic cholecystectomy", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "那一種抗憂鬱劑較容易引發癲癇發作？", "options": {"A": "bupropion", "B": "fluoxetine", "C": "sertraline", "D": "venlafaxine"}, "answer": "bupropion", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是血基質（heme）生合成的前驅物或中間產物？", "options": {"A": "glycine", "B": "succinyl-CoA", "C": "δ-aminolevulinate", "D": "bilirubin"}, "answer": "bilirubin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "患者接受心臟復健的絕對禁忌，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗塞", "B": "冠狀動脈繞道手術後", "C": "急性心包膜炎或心肌炎", "D": "心臟移植及心肺移植"}, "answer": "急性心包膜炎或心肌炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一40歲女士因左乳房腫塊求診。體檢發現單一腫塊，堅實，無觸痛感，邊界不規則及模糊，固定不動於皮膚。在這個階段最適當的檢查為何？", "options": {"A": "乳房X光攝影", "B": "切除性生檢（excisional biopsy）", "C": "乳房X光攝影後切除性生檢", "D": "PET掃描"}, "answer": "乳房X光攝影後切除性生檢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位61歲罹患乾癬症的病患，在7年之後，兩側手指逐漸腫脹有如香腸指，又遠端指間關節有發炎反應，且指甲變厚易脆（如附圖），最有可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "osteoarthritis", "B": "rheumatoid arthritis", "C": "fungal infection", "D": "psoriatic arthritis"}, "answer": "psoriatic arthritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "快速動眼期睡眠行為疾患（REM sleep behavior disorder）較常發生於下列那一種疾病？", "options": {"A": "恐慌症", "B": "思覺失調症（schizophrenia）", "C": "帕金森氏症", "D": "雙相性疾患（bipolar disorder）"}, "answer": "帕金森氏症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關下行路徑之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "外側皮質脊髓徑（lateral corticospinal tract）可調控下運動神經元（lower motor neuron）", "B": "raphespinal tract 可調控痛覺", "C": "前庭脊髓徑（vestibulospinal tract）控制手指精細運動", "D": "下視丘脊髓徑（hypothalmospinal tract）調控自主神經系統"}, "answer": "前庭脊髓徑（vestibulospinal tract）控制手指精細運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種抗生素之作用是與細菌體內 50S 核糖體結合，進而影響菌體蛋白質合成？", "options": {"A": "四環黴素（tetracycline）", "B": "頭孢菌素（cephalosporin）", "C": "多黏菌素（polymyxin）", "D": "紅黴素（erythromycin）"}, "answer": "紅黴素（erythromycin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "脊椎腦膜瘤最常發生在那一部位脊椎？", "options": {"A": "頸椎", "B": "胸椎", "C": "腰椎", "D": "薦椎"}, "answer": "胸椎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種貧血使用血紅生成素（Erythropoietin）治療效果最好？", "options": {"A": "尿毒症貧血（anemia of uremia）", "B": "缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）", "C": "惡性貧血（pernicious anemia）", "D": "l 頑固性貧血（refractory anemia）"}, "answer": "尿毒症貧血（anemia of uremia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "肛管與直腸之角度主要由下列何者所牽引造成？", "options": {"A": "提肛肌", "B": "尾骨肌", "C": "梨狀肌", "D": "閉孔內肌"}, "answer": "梨狀肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者發生阻塞，最不影響前列腺的血液供應？", "options": {"A": "膀胱上動脈", "B": "膀胱下動脈", "C": "直腸中動脈", "D": "陰部內動脈"}, "answer": "膀胱上動脈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是幼兒罹患腎性尿崩症（nephrogenic diabetes insipidus）的臨床表徵？", "options": {"A": "不明熱（unknown fever）", "B": "多尿（polyuria）", "C": "因大量喝奶而肥胖 \t", "D": "脫水"}, "answer": "因大量喝奶而肥胖 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是全民健康保險之特性？", "options": {"A": "經驗費率", "B": "風險分擔", "C": "強制性", "D": "社會保險"}, "answer": "經驗費率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "6 下列何種先天性心臟病在合併嚴重肺動脈高壓時會造成下肢發紺，而上肢不發紺，即差異性發紺 （differential cyanosis）？ \n", "options": {"A": "開放性動脈導管（patent ductus arteriosus）", "B": "心房中隔缺損（atrial septal defect）", "C": "心室中隔缺損（ventricular septal defect）", "D": "肺動脈瓣狹窄（pulmonary stenosis）"}, "answer": "開放性動脈導管（patent ductus arteriosus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種病毒和引起人類神經系統的疾病無關？", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus）", "B": "套膜病毒（Toga virus） \t", "C": "疹病毒（Herpes virus）", "D": "乳突瘤病毒（Papilloma virus）"}, "answer": "乳突瘤病毒（Papilloma virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "骨骼肌細胞的肌漿網（sarcoplasmic reticulum）膜上的何種受器（receptor）活化時，可將肌漿網內的鈣離子釋放至細胞質中，啟動肌肉收縮？", "options": {"A": "nicotinic receptor", "B": "muscarinic receptor", "C": "dihydropyridine receptor", "D": "ryanodine receptor"}, "answer": "ryanodine receptor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "30 歲男性患有甲狀腺疾病（thyroid disease），因誤信網路謠言，以為只喝可樂（cola）不吃其他的東西可以減肥，因此大量飲用可樂，於第三天早上發現自己全身無力，無法起床，因此被送進急診室。神經學檢查發現病人意識清楚，四肢乏力，無感覺異常。心電圖檢查（EKG）顯示 prolong PR, QRS and QT intervals and flattening of T waves。此時下列檢查何者應最優先考慮？", "options": {"A": "Serum potassium level", "B": "Nerve conduction test", "C": "Brain CT", "D": "Blood caffeine level"}, "answer": "Serum potassium level", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "那一種胺基酸生合成過程中，tetrahydrofolate 會轉變成 N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate？", "options": {"A": "serine+homocysteine→cysteine+alpha-ketobutyrate", "B": "serine→glycine", "C": "glutamate→glutamine", "D": "glutamate→proline"}, "answer": "serine→glycine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列全身性紅斑狼瘡病之臨床表現，那一項最需要以高劑量類固醇治療（＞1 mg/kg/day）？", "options": {"A": "Class II mesangial glomerulonephritis", "B": "Thrombocytopenia（45000 cells/mm3）", "C": "Cerebrovascular accident", "D": "Abdominal mesenteric vasculitis"}, "answer": "Abdominal mesenteric vasculitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "推測人體血液中酒精濃度至少須達到多少mg/dL才可能出現眼球震顫、言語不清等症狀？", "options": {"A": "50", "B": "100", "C": "200", "D": "400"}, "answer": "200", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位糖尿病病患因足部潰瘍，全身發冷發熱來看診，除抗生素治療外，如何處置最為適當？", "options": {"A": "立即施行清創手術 \t", "B": "待血糖穩定後再施行清創手術", "C": "待病患不再發冷發熱後再施行清創手術", "D": "待血液細菌培養結果出來後，再施行清創手術"}, "answer": "立即施行清創手術 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者走過枕下三角（suboccipital triangle）？", "options": {"A": "枕動脈（occipital artery）", "B": "椎動脈（vertebral artery）", "C": "脊髓後動脈（posterior spinal artery）", "D": "耳後動脈（posterior auricular artery）"}, "answer": "椎動脈（vertebral artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於急性膽囊炎的併發症之敘述，下列何者為誤？", "options": {"A": "急性膽囊炎的併發症包括了膽囊蓄膿、產氣性膽囊炎（emphysematous cholecystitis）、膽囊穿孔等", "B": "假如病患狀況許可，緊急膽囊切除術是最好的治療方式", "C": "產氣性膽囊炎多發生在女性", "D": "假如病患狀況不穩定無法接受手術，可行經皮穿肝膽囊引流術以緩解感染症狀"}, "answer": "產氣性膽囊炎多發生在女性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲的男性病人，住院前一個月開始斷斷續續發燒至 38.5℃，住院一週後仍無特定診斷，且在抗生素治療後體溫仍高達 39℃。下列處置何者最無助其診斷？", "options": {"A": "施行周邊血液的抹片檢查 \t", "B": "審視其一週前住院時的胸部 X 光片", "C": "安排全身電腦斷層檢查", "D": "施行 VDRL、HIV、CMV、EBV、ANA、RF 等血清學檢查"}, "answer": "審視其一週前住院時的胸部 X 光片", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位男性因其陰莖出現潰瘍而就醫，經醫師診察後發現其潰瘍處界限分明，表面呈肉紅色糜爛，觸摸時可感覺皮下似埋有一鈕扣，是為硬性下疳的症狀，且患者無壓痛感，但壓時有清澈之滲出液溢出，經 VDRL 試驗呈陽性反應，表示該病人可能患有何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "梅毒（syphilis） \t", "B": "疹（herpes）", "C": "淋病（gonorrhea） \t", "D": "生殖器濕疣（anogenital warts）"}, "answer": "梅毒（syphilis） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關vitamin D的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "主要經由皮膚在紫外線輻射下由7-脫氫膽固醇（7-dehydrocholesterol）轉化而來", "B": "其活性代謝產物會增加血漿中鈣離子濃度", "C": "其活性代謝產物會降低血漿中磷酸鹽（phosphate）濃度", "D": "其衍生物19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2具有抑制副甲狀腺激素（parathyroid hormone ; PTH）的釋放作用"}, "answer": "其活性代謝產物會降低血漿中磷酸鹽（phosphate）濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為使用rapid sequence intubation（RSI）的禁忌？", "options": {"A": "躁動", "B": "癲癇發作", "C": "藥物過量", "D": "嚴重臉部外傷"}, "answer": "嚴重臉部外傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種細胞表面通常不會表現免疫球蛋白 IgE 受器？", "options": {"A": "活化的嗜鹼性球（basophil）", "B": "活化的嗜酸性球（eosinophil）", "C": "活化的巨噬細胞（macrophage）", "D": "肥大細胞（mast cell）"}, "answer": "活化的巨噬細胞（macrophage）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "最常使用對抗 HER2/Neu 的單株抗體來治療的腫瘤為何？", "options": {"A": "乳癌", "B": "胃癌", "C": "腦瘤", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "乳癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "76 \t下 列 何 種 人 體 寄 生 蟲 感 染 常 引 起 嗜 伊 紅 性 腦 膜 炎 或 腦 膜 腦 炎 （ eosinophilic meningitis or  meningoencephalitis）？ \n", "options": {"A": "日本血吸蟲（Schistosoma japonicum）", "B": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "C": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "D": "有鉤絛蟲（Taenia solium）"}, "answer": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那種細菌不會造成人畜共通之感染症（zoonotic infection）？", "options": {"A": "假結核耶爾辛氏菌（Yersinia pseudotuberculosis）", "B": "炭疽桿菌（Bacillus anthracis）", "C": "福氏志賀氏菌（Shigella flexneri）", "D": "流產布魯氏菌（Brucella abortus）"}, "answer": "福氏志賀氏菌（Shigella flexneri）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關肺氣腫（emphysema）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "彈性回縮力（elastic recoil）增加", "B": "肺順應性（lung compliance）增加", "C": "功能性肺餘容量（functional residual capacity）增加", "D": "用力呼氣時，呼氣氣流速度（expiratory flow rate）降低"}, "answer": "彈性回縮力（elastic recoil）增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者為尿道嵴（urethral crest）所在處？", "options": {"A": "膀胱（urinary bladder）", "B": "膜部尿道（membranous urethra） \t", "C": "陰莖部尿道（spongy urethra）", "D": "前列腺尿道（prostatic urethra）"}, "answer": "前列腺尿道（prostatic urethra）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 75 歲男性一個月前因心絞痛而住院治療，出院後規則服用貝他阻斷劑（β-blockers）的藥物。現因右手肱骨骨折入院須開刀治療，經評估後決定施行全身麻醉，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "麻醉前須禁食 8 小時，但在手術當天早上 β-blockers 等藥物仍應按時服用", "B": "手術麻醉中，心跳不宜過快，以免增加心肌耗氧量", "C": "應大量給予靜脈輸液，以提高血壓，增加冠狀動脈血流量", "D": "低血壓易導致冠狀動脈血流量的減少，致氧氣供應量降低，故應避免"}, "answer": "應大量給予靜脈輸液，以提高血壓，增加冠狀動脈血流量", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "林先生不久前與好友在日本料理吃了\"生魚片＂，當天深夜因急性腹痛掛急診，內視鏡在十二指腸發現一些長度約 2 公分部分鑽入腸壁的蟲體，林先生應該是感染何種寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "橫川氏吸蟲（Metagonimus yokogawai）", "B": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis simplex）", "C": "廣節裂頭絛蟲（Diphyllobothrium latum）", "D": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）"}, "answer": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis simplex）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲男性，有肝硬化之病史，在海邊釣魚時被魚刺傷手指。一天後傷口及附近皮膚出現紅腫及疼痛，並迅速擴散至前臂。病患因發燒而至急診求診，理學檢查發現傷口附近有出血性水泡。最有可能的致病菌為何？", "options": {"A": "Vibrio cholerae", "B": "Aeromonas hydrophila", "C": "Vibrio vulnificus", "D": "Staphylococcus aureus"}, "answer": "Vibrio vulnificus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者最常見於脊髓性肌肉萎縮症（spinal muscular atrophy，SMA）？", "options": {"A": "SMN1 之常染色體（autosomal）隱性遺傳", "B": "SMN1 之常染色體顯性遺傳", "C": "SMN2 之常染色體隱性遺傳", "D": "SMN2 之常染色體顯性遺傳"}, "answer": "SMN1 之常染色體（autosomal）隱性遺傳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者會因神經刺激而釋放出腎上腺素：", "options": {"A": "腎上腺皮質絲球帶（zona glomerulosa）", "B": "腎上腺皮質束狀帶（zona fasciculata）", "C": "腎上腺髓質（adrenal medulla）", "D": "腎上腺皮質網狀帶（zona reticularis）"}, "answer": "腎上腺髓質（adrenal medulla）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "某研究者對飲酒與血壓間之關係頗有興趣，為了探討兩者間之相關性，將研究對象按飲酒量區分為若干組，然後比較各組樣本血壓平均值之差異，分析資料後，得到的結果如下表所示：", "options": {"A": "40", "B": "39", "C": "36", "D": "12"}, "answer": "40", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "肝臟中具吞噬作用的細胞是何種細胞？", "options": {"A": "肝細胞（hepatocytes）", "B": "庫氏細胞（Kupffer cells）", "C": "肝竇內襯細胞（sinusoidal lining cells）", "D": "貯脂細胞（fat-storing cells）"}, "answer": "庫氏細胞（Kupffer cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位腹水患者，腹水檢查發現 albumin 2.6 g/dL，患者血清之 albumin 為 3.5 g/dL。請問：下列何者最不可能是造成此患者腹水之原因？", "options": {"A": "TB peritonitis", "B": "liver cirrhosis", "C": "peritoneal carcinomatosis", "D": "serositis"}, "answer": "liver cirrhosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當鼻咽癌病人有第九、十、十一對顱神經的侵犯時，表示下列那一個部位受到侵犯？", "options": {"A": "oval foramen", "B": "jugular foramen", "C": "cavernous sinus", "D": "floor of sphenoid sinus 21 \t下列何者是唾液腺中 adenoid cystic carcinoma 的特性？"}, "answer": "jugular foramen", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲男性，體重 60 公斤，肝腎功能正常，罹患結核病，抗結核病藥物的每日劑量，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Isoniazid 300 mg \t", "B": "Rifampin 300 mg", "C": "Ethambutol 1200 mg \t", "D": "Pyrazinamide 1500 mg"}, "answer": "Rifampin 300 mg", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "80 根據行政院衛生署（現為衛生福利部）96 年公告之「人體研究倫理政策指引」，人體研究時需告知受研究者有關事項，包括下列那些項目？①研究之目的與期程、研究主持人之姓名、研究機構之名稱 ②研究內容之大要 ③研究經費之來源 ④合理範圍內可預見之風險及造成損害時得申請之補救措施 ⑤研究是否有保險 ", "options": {"A": "①②③④⑤", "B": "僅①②④", "C": "僅①②④⑤", "D": "僅①②③④"}, "answer": "僅①②③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "42 10 歲男孩突然在頭部出現如圖臨床症狀，沒有伴隨癢感或痛感。關於此疾病的敘述，下列何者 \t正確？ \t`\n", "options": {"A": "已經脫毛的部位，不會再長頭髮 \t", "B": "病變只侷限於頭皮", "C": "髮幹粗細會改變，但色素不會受影響 \t", "D": "指甲可出現 pitting、trachyonychia（rough nail）等現象"}, "answer": "指甲可出現 pitting、trachyonychia（rough nail）等現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者位於會陰淺隙（superficial perineal pouch）？", "options": {"A": "膜部尿道", "B": "尿道球腺", "C": "球海綿體肌", "D": "陰莖背動脈"}, "answer": "球海綿體肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關腦性麻痺的敘述，何者最為正確？", "options": {"A": "多數腦性麻痺兒童臨床上呈現長期低張（hypotonia）", "B": "徐動型（athetoid）腦性麻痺常是因為高黃疸或缺氧後造成基底核（basal ganglion）的傷害", "C": "雙側麻痺（diplegia）指的是運動功能四肢受到相同的影響程度", "D": "偏癱型（hemiplegic）腦性麻痺病童大多數無法行走"}, "answer": "徐動型（athetoid）腦性麻痺常是因為高黃疸或缺氧後造成基底核（basal ganglion）的傷害", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 17 歲女孩，有經常流鼻血、齒齦易出血，多次月經過多病史。血紅素、血容積比、血小板、白血球皆正常。血小板對 ADP、膠原蛋白、腎上腺素及凝血酶等均無凝集反應，但對瑞斯托菌素（Ristocetin）反應正常。凝血酶原時間（PT）及部分促凝血酶原激酶原時間（aPTT）均無延長。該女孩最可能罹患何症？", "options": {"A": "瀰漫性血管內凝集（disseminated intravascular coagulation） \t", "B": "革蘭滋慢氏凝集無力症（Glanzmann thrombasthenia）", "C": "免疫性血小板缺乏性紫斑（immune thrombocytopenic purpura）", "D": "微利布蘭德氏病（Von Willebrand disease）"}, "answer": "革蘭滋慢氏凝集無力症（Glanzmann thrombasthenia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種分子不會直接參與克式循環（Krebs cycle，亦稱citric acid cycle或TCA cycle）中的化學反應？", "options": {"A": "coenzyme A（CoA）", "B": "ADP（或GDP）", "C": "glutathione", "D": "NAD+"}, "answer": "glutathione", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關姊妹單體交換（sister chromatid exchange）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "僅發生在減數分裂的酵母菌中", "B": "可發生於有絲分裂過程", "C": "發生在細胞 G1 週期", "D": "其交換處，必屬於相同的重複（direct repeat）序列"}, "answer": "可發生於有絲分裂過程", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於酒精戒斷症候群的可能表徵？", "options": {"A": "幻覺", "B": "癲癇發作", "C": "焦慮", "D": "縮瞳"}, "answer": "縮瞳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "新生兒之臂神經叢損傷，不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Erb 氏麻痺", "B": "Klumpke 氏麻痺", "C": "Horner 氏麻痺", "D": "顏面神經麻痺"}, "answer": "顏面神經麻痺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "以下關於惡性肋膜積水的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "大部分惡性肋膜積水為滲出液（exudates） \t", "B": "肺癌及乳癌是引起惡性肋膜積水常見的原因", "C": "對於反覆發生之惡性肋膜積水可以抽水（thoracocentesis）以改善症狀", "D": "惡性肋膜積水只要施行肋膜沾黏術（pleurodesis）皆能治癒"}, "answer": "惡性肋膜積水只要施行肋膜沾黏術（pleurodesis）皆能治癒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "29.蘇先生因個人養身因素而食用醃漬蝸牛及生蝸牛多年，日前急診就醫因疑似腦炎或腦膜腦炎而住院，經脊髓 穿刺發現腦脊髓液（CSF）內有高數量白血球（1500/µL），並伴隨有嗜酸性白血球增多症\n （eosinophilia）。依據上述結果，蘇先生最可能感染下列何種寄生蟲？ \n", "options": {"A": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "B": "廣節裂頭絛蟲（Diphyllobothrium latum）", "C": "棘顎口線蟲（Gnathostoma spinigerum）", "D": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）"}, "answer": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "低性腺刺激素之性腺機能低下（hypogonadotropic hypogonadism）患者若欲受孕，需接受何種治療？", "options": {"A": "口服排卵藥 clomiphene citrate", "B": "低劑量黃體素", "C": "週期性黃體素 \t", "D": "hMG 注射誘導排卵"}, "answer": "hMG 注射誘導排卵", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於伊波拉病毒（Ebola virus）之敘述，何者為錯？", "options": {"A": "是 RNA 病毒", "B": "可引起病毒性出血熱（viral hemorrhagic fever）", "C": "流行於非洲，包括薩伊（Zaire）、加彭（Cabon）等國家", "D": "處理此病毒需要第三級的生物安全實驗室"}, "answer": "處理此病毒需要第三級的生物安全實驗室", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是臂神經叢後索（posterior cord）支配闊背肌（latissimus dorsi）的分支？", "options": {"A": "肩胛背神經（dorsal scapular nerve）", "B": "下肩胛下神經（lower subscapular nerve）", "C": "長胸神經（long thoracic nerve）", "D": "胸背神經（thoracodorsal nerve）"}, "answer": "胸背神經（thoracodorsal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "卵巢腫瘤在超音波檢查及內診時，如有下列何種特徵，可能是良性的機會比較高？", "options": {"A": "實質性的（solid）", "B": "固定的（fixed）", "C": "不規則形狀", "D": "囊狀的（cystic）"}, "answer": "囊狀的（cystic）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "淚液薄膜（tear film）的中層（middle aqueous layer），其成分是由下列何者所分泌？", "options": {"A": "淚腺（lacrimal gland）", "B": "眼瞼瞼板腺（meibomian gland）", "C": "結膜杯狀細胞 \t", "D": "眼瞼蔡氏腺（Zeis' gland）"}, "answer": "淚腺（lacrimal gland）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "24 歲女性病人主訴雙側手腕及手指關節疼痛已一個多月，最近也常口腔潰瘍及無故發燒。體檢發現血中白血球數目偏低。請問下列那一項檢驗，獲得陽性的機率最高？", "options": {"A": "抗細胞核抗體（ANA）", "B": "類風濕因子（RF）", "C": "抗 DNA 抗體（anti-dsDNA）", "D": "抗環狀瓜氨酸化胜肽抗體（anti-CCP antibodies）"}, "answer": "抗細胞核抗體（ANA）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於偏頭痛的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "男生比女生容易得到偏頭痛", "B": "常常是中老年才開始發病", "C": "一定是單側頭痛", "D": "常伴隨噁心和嘔吐"}, "answer": "常伴隨噁心和嘔吐", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那兩塊肌肉之遠端，附\t於髂脛徑（iliotibial tract）？", "options": {"A": "髂肌（iliacus）與腰大肌（psoas major）", "B": "闊筋膜張肌（tensor fasciae latae）與臀大肌（gluteus maximus）", "C": "半膜肌（semimembranosus）與半腱肌（semitendinosus）", "D": "股二頭肌（biceps femoris）與股四頭肌（quadriceps femoris）"}, "answer": "闊筋膜張肌（tensor fasciae latae）與臀大肌（gluteus maximus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "那一種型的甲狀腺癌，須同時考慮病人可能合併副甲狀腺機能亢進（Hyperparathyroidism）或嗜鉻細胞瘤（Pheochromocytoma）？", "options": {"A": "乳突癌", "B": "濾泡癌", "C": "髓質癌", "D": "未分化癌"}, "answer": "髓質癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "高度近視接受過雷射屈光手術（LASIK）後的眼壓值，以非接觸性氣壓式（air-puff）眼壓計測量的結果，會如何？", "options": {"A": "偏高", "B": "偏低", "C": "不一定", "D": "不受影響"}, "answer": "偏低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "林老太太因為咳嗽兩個月且體重減輕，至門診就醫，胸部X光如圖所示，最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "黴漿菌肺炎", "B": "支氣管擴張症", "C": "肺癌", "D": "肺氣腫"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者支配小圓肌（teres minor m.）？", "options": {"A": "橈神經（radial n.） \t", "B": "腋神經（axillary n.）", "C": "肩胛下神經（subscapular n.）", "D": "肩胛背神經（dorsal scapular n.）"}, "answer": "腋神經（axillary n.）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關靜脈注射型全身性麻醉劑的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "靜脈注射型全身性麻醉劑在體內產生作用期間的長短，主要取決於其再分布（redistribution）與代謝的速率", "B": "靜脈注射 Etomidate 時容易出現注射部位的疼痛及肌肉痙攣（myoclonus）", "C": "Diazepam 的麻醉誘導速率較 thiopental 快", "D": "使用 Ketamine 時，成人常會出現作惡夢（bad dream）的經驗"}, "answer": "Diazepam 的麻醉誘導速率較 thiopental 快", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列各項有關瓣膜性⼼臟病的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "⼆尖瓣狹窄最常⾒的原因是風濕性（rheumatic）慢性發炎造成，常⾒在四、五⼗歲女性，臺灣近年病例數", "B": "⾺凡⽒症候群（Marfan's syndrome）是主動脈瓣逆流的原因之⼀，聽診時病⼈胸前有舒張期雜⾳，且第⼆", "C": "主動脈瓣或⼆尖瓣急性逆流達中度以上、且伴有⼼衰竭症狀時，不應使⽤⾎管擴張劑，並應及早開⼑治療", "D": "單純主動脈瓣狹窄或單純⼆尖瓣狹窄病患，⼼導管均顯⽰左⼼室舒張末壓（LVEDP）升⾼"}, "answer": "⼆尖瓣狹窄最常⾒的原因是風濕性（rheumatic）慢性發炎造成，常⾒在四、五⼗歲女性，臺灣近年病例數", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "5 歲男孩，一週前出現頭痛、發燒及頸部僵硬而住院治療，腦脊椎液培養出奈瑟氏腦膜炎雙球菌（Neisseria meningitidis），入院後病患發生低血壓性休克及皮膚出現紫斑，此病患的腎上腺最有可能呈現何種病理變化？", "options": {"A": "皮質細胞增生", "B": "髓質細胞增生", "C": "大量出血", "D": "功能性腺瘤的產生"}, "answer": "大量出血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者同時跨過髖關節（hip joint）與膝關節（knee joint）？", "options": {"A": "縫匠肌（sartorius）", "B": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "C": "股外側肌（vastus lateralis）", "D": "股內側肌（vastus medialis）"}, "answer": "縫匠肌（sartorius）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是頭頸部的副交感神經節？", "options": {"A": "耳神經節", "B": "頸動脈神經節", "C": "蝶腭神經節", "D": "睫狀神經節"}, "answer": "頸動脈神經節", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關前列腺（prostate gland），下列敘述何項正確？", "options": {"A": "具有儲存精子之功能 \t \t", "B": "腺泡（alveoli）內常含有前列腺凝塊（prostatic concretions）", "C": "僅有尿道（urethra）穿過此腺體", "D": "分泌活性不受賀爾蒙（hormone）影響"}, "answer": "腺泡（alveoli）內常含有前列腺凝塊（prostatic concretions）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何分子不會聚集在 T 細胞和抗原呈獻細胞的免疫胞突接合處（immunological synapse）？", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "CD4/CD8", "C": "CD28", "D": "CD19"}, "answer": "CD19", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "就實證醫學（evidence-based medicine）的證據層級比較⽽⾔，下列不同的研究型態，何者的層級是最⾼的？", "options": {"A": "世代研究（cohort study）", "B": "專家意⾒（expert opinion）", "C": "統合分析（meta-analysis）", "D": "個案對照研究（case-control study）"}, "answer": "統合分析（meta-analysis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 15 歲的女孩子，近 3 個月來發現有關節炎、體重減輕、不明熱等現象，醫師懷疑她罹患系統性紅斑性狼瘡（Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE），根據 1997 年美國風濕病學會（American College of Rheumatology）公布診斷 SLE 的 11 要項中要符合至少 4 項才可診斷為 SLE，下列何者不在此 11 項中？", "options": {"A": "Hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis", "B": "Photosensitivity", "C": "Vasculitis \t", "D": "Antinuclear antibody（ANA）elevation"}, "answer": "Vasculitis \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "28歲女性，出現多毛，聲音沙啞，和經期不順等症狀，腹部超音波檢查發現一卵巢腫瘤，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "顆粒細胞瘤（granulosa cell tumor）", "B": "濾泡膜細胞瘤（thecoma）", "C": "索特利－萊汀細胞瘤（Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor）", "D": "布雷納氏腫瘤（Brenner tumor）"}, "answer": "索特利－萊汀細胞瘤（Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在細胞核內進行複製之 RNA 病毒為何種病毒？", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒病毒（Influenza virus）", "B": "小兒麻痺病毒（Poliovirus）", "C": "疱疹病毒（Herpesvirus）", "D": "登革熱病毒（Dengue virus）"}, "answer": "流行性感冒病毒（Influenza virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "位於脊髓 dorsal horn 之神經細胞為何？", "options": {"A": "Preganglionic neurons", "B": "Efferent neurons", "C": "Afferent neurons \t", "D": "Gamma-motor neurons"}, "answer": "Afferent neurons \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種癌症一般不以胰頭十二指腸切除術（pancreaticoduodenectomy，Whipple's resection）來處理？", "options": {"A": "十二指壺腹部癌症（ampulla vater cancer）", "B": "胰臟鈎部癌症（pancreatic uncinate cancer）", "C": "膽囊癌（gall bladder cancer）", "D": "遠端膽管癌（distal common bile duct cancer）"}, "answer": "膽囊癌（gall bladder cancer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是暴力行為之有效預測因子？", "options": {"A": "大量喝酒 \t \t", "B": "曾有暴力行為因而導致被逮捕或產生犯罪行為", "C": "長期抽菸 \t \t", "D": "過去兒童時期有被虐待之經驗"}, "answer": "長期抽菸 \t \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "3.胡女士64歲，有糖尿病和瓣膜性心臟病病史，一週前拔牙後便開始高燒合併運動氣促，尿量減少。於急診室量得病人血壓為114/80 mmHg，體溫39℃，脈搏速128/min，呼吸速率", "options": {"A": "主動脈瓣", "B": "肺動脈瓣", "C": "二尖瓣 \t", "D": "三尖瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "39 這一位中年男性，最近出現如圖 a 之病變，其皮膚切片病理檢查結果如圖 b，經免疫螢光直接法檢查 ，可見 IgG 在表皮細胞間沉積如圖 c，則最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "水皰型膿痂疹（bullous type impetigo） \t", "B": "類天皰瘡（bullous pemphigoid）", "C": "天皰瘡（pemphigus vulgaris） \t", "D": "後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症（epidermolysis bullosa acquisita）"}, "answer": "天皰瘡（pemphigus vulgaris） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列藥物可能引起急性腎臟損傷，而主要的作用是腎血管的影響，何者例外？", "options": {"A": "非類固醇消炎劑（nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs）", "B": "血管張力素阻斷劑（angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors）", "C": "含鉑的抗癌製劑（如cisplatin）", "D": "腎素抑制劑（renin inhibitors）"}, "answer": "含鉑的抗癌製劑（如cisplatin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是心臟復健運動所造成生理上的變化？", "options": {"A": "增加預估最大心跳率（estimated maximum heart rate）", "B": "增加最大耗氧量（VO max）", "C": "減少病人在運動時之最大心肌耗氧量（maximal myocardial oxygen capacity）", "D": "降低血管周邊阻力（peripheral resistance）"}, "answer": "增加預估最大心跳率（estimated maximum heart rate）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關肝炎病毒，下列之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "HAV 及 HEV 是糞－口途徑傳播", "B": "HBV 及 HCV 可能經由血液傳染", "C": "HAV、HBV、HCV 及 HDV 均是單股（single-stranded）RNA 病毒", "D": "HBV 是含有套膜（envelope）的病毒"}, "answer": "HAV、HBV、HCV 及 HDV 均是單股（single-stranded）RNA 病毒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "臨床上高度懷疑是肺癌的病人，同時呈現高血鈣（hypercalcemia）之現象時，則其肺部腫瘤之病理切片結果最可能是：", "options": {"A": "Adenocarcinoma", "B": "Pleomorphic carcinoma", "C": "Small cell carcinoma", "D": "Squamous cell carcinoma"}, "answer": "Squamous cell carcinoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於遺傳學原理應用於臨床醫學上之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "粒線體基因突變造成之疾病為父系遺傳（paternal transmission）", "B": "對於單基因孟德爾式遺傳疾病（monogenic Mendelian disorders），遺傳模式（mode of", "C": "基因體印記（genomic imprinting）現象，會使某些疾病遺傳模式不符單基因孟德爾式遺傳模式", "D": "複雜性遺傳疾病（complex genetic disorders），其臨床表現易受環境因素所影響"}, "answer": "粒線體基因突變造成之疾病為父系遺傳（paternal transmission）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在上臂（arm）處，臂神經叢發出的那兩條神經沒有分支？", "options": {"A": "肌皮與正中神經（musculocutaneous and median nerves）", "B": "尺與橈神經（ulnar and radial nerves）", "C": "肌皮與橈神經（musculocutaneous and radial nerves）", "D": "正中與尺神經（median and ulnar nerves）"}, "answer": "正中與尺神經（median and ulnar nerves）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性，因為吸入性肺炎引發呼吸衰竭接受呼吸器治療，現因身體狀況改善，考慮脫離呼吸器。下列那樣結果可預測其呼吸器脫離之失敗率很高？", "options": {"A": "血壓 120/80 mmHg \t \t", "B": "最大吸氣壓（Maximal inspiratory pressure）為-30 cmH2O", "C": "動脈血 pH 7.35-7.40", "D": "RR（Respiratory rate）30/min 且 tidal volume 200 mL"}, "answer": "RR（Respiratory rate）30/min 且 tidal volume 200 mL", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "活化的巨噬細胞會分泌：", "options": {"A": "interleukin-2", "B": "L-2) \t", "C": "interleukin-4", "D": "L-4) \t"}, "answer": "interleukin-4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "48歲男性末期腎病病⼈，接受⻑期免疫抑制劑治療，移植前無糖尿病病史，移植3個⽉後⾎中肌酸酐0.8 mg/dL，飯前⾎糖210 mg/dL，下列何種藥物最有可能產⽣此種合併症？", "options": {"A": "mycophenolate mofetil", "B": "tacrolimus", "C": "sirolimus", "D": "everolimus"}, "answer": "tacrolimus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "⾼尿酸⾎症（hyperuricemia）是造成痛風（gout）的最主要原因，下列關於造成⾼尿酸⾎症的敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase（HPRT）基因位在X染⾊體上，當此基因突變時會造成⾼尿酸⾎症", "B": "uric acid由肝臟代謝，因此肝臟功能不全時會造成⾼尿酸⾎症", "C": "利尿劑（diuretics）會增加尿酸從尿液排出⽽降低⾎中尿酸", "D": "acute myeloid leukemia（AML）在化學治療時會產⽣⾼尿酸⾎症，因此可⽤benzbromarone來預防⾼尿酸"}, "answer": "hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase（HPRT）基因位在X染⾊體上，當此基因突變時會造成⾼尿酸⾎症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當病人出現上呼吸道感染的症狀時，可能是細菌或是病毒感染，下列那一項比較是病毒感染時會出現的指標？", "options": {"A": "產生較多的特異性抗體（antibodies）", "B": "血中可測得較高濃度的腫瘤壞死因子（tumor necrosis factor, TNF）", "C": "血中可測得較高濃度的第一型干擾素（interferon, IFN）", "D": "出現較強的第一型 T 輔助細胞（Th1）反應"}, "answer": "血中可測得較高濃度的第一型干擾素（interferon, IFN）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "肝臟門脈高壓（Portal hypertension）最常見之肝內（Intrahepatic）因素是：", "options": {"A": "肝硬化（Cirrhosis） \t \t", "B": "脂肪肝（Fatty change） \t", "C": "結節性再生性增生（Nodular regenerative hyperplasia）", "D": "A 型肝炎（Hepatitis A）"}, "answer": "肝硬化（Cirrhosis） \t \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "51.50歲女性，有一甲狀腺結節，併高血壓，後來發現是甲狀腺髓質癌併嗜鉻細胞瘤。則她及她的小孩要作何種致癌基因 （oncogene）檢查？ \n", "options": {"A": "RAS", "B": "TRK", "C": "ERK", "D": "RET"}, "answer": "RET", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關婦女停經（menopause）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "停經後會伴隨有血漿中濾泡促素（follicular stimulating hormone）和黃體促素（luteinizing hormone）的升高", "B": "停經後易造成骨質疏鬆（osteoporosis），與雌激素（estrogen）分泌減少有關", "C": "停經後，助孕酮（progesterone）的分泌不受影響", "D": "停經前經常會伴隨有月經週期不規則的產生"}, "answer": "停經後，助孕酮（progesterone）的分泌不受影響", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者代表舌頭形成的第一個象徵？", "options": {"A": "鰓弓下隆起（Hypobranchial eminence）", "B": "外側舌芽（Lateral tongue bud）", "C": "中央舌芽（Median tongue bud）", "D": "連合部（Copula）"}, "answer": "中央舌芽（Median tongue bud）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "根除性乳房切除手術（radical mastectomy），經常清除下列何者而造成術後患側上肢水腫？", "options": {"A": "鎖骨上淋巴結（supraclavicular nodes）", "B": "下深頸淋巴結（inferior deep cervical nodes）", "C": "胸骨旁淋巴結（parasternal nodes）", "D": "腋淋巴結（axillary nodes）"}, "answer": "腋淋巴結（axillary nodes）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "閉孔神經（obturator nerve）前支損傷最可能造成下列何者無力？", "options": {"A": "閉孔內肌（obturator internus）", "B": "閉孔外肌（obturator externus）", "C": "內收長肌（adductor longus）", "D": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）"}, "answer": "內收長肌（adductor longus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關兒童單純發燒性抽筋（simple febrile seizures）之敘述，何者最不正確？", "options": {"A": "有明顯家族史", "B": "很少在6個月前發生", "C": "須作腦電圖（electroencephalogram）檢查", "D": "不會影響日後智能表現"}, "answer": "須作腦電圖（electroencephalogram）檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關病毒（virus），下列那一項描述是錯誤的？", "options": {"A": "病毒有蛋白質外殼（protein coat）是由許多蛋白質小單位構成", "B": "病毒有多種外觀形狀，有的呈卵圓形，有的多角形，有的桿狀", "C": "病毒的中心（core）含 DNA 或 RNA 核酸", "D": "病毒繁殖時都在宿主細胞細胞核（nucleus）中進行"}, "answer": "病毒繁殖時都在宿主細胞細胞核（nucleus）中進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "17歲男生因感冒至家庭醫學科診所就醫，依據美國預防醫學工作小組（US Preventive Services Task Force）的建議，下列何者是屬於家庭醫師須透過密集諮詢（intensive counseling）而非經由簡短諮詢（brief counseling）的項目？", "options": {"A": "避免酒（alcohol misuse）", "B": "預防皮膚癌（skin cancer）", "C": "預防菸品使用（tobacco use）", "D": "性接觸傳染病（sexually transmitted infection）"}, "answer": "性接觸傳染病（sexually transmitted infection）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "幼兒的腸套疊最常見的原因是什麼？", "options": {"A": "腸繫膜淋巴腺肥大 \t", "B": "腸息肉（intestinal polyps）", "C": "大腸憩室（colon diverticulum）", "D": "淋巴瘤（lymphoma） 11 \t有關三叉神經痛（trigeminal neuralgia）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "腸繫膜淋巴腺肥大 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "30.有關上肢的橈骨粗隆（radial tuberosity）與尺骨粗隆（ulnar tuberosity），分別是那兩塊肌肉的止端 （insertion site）？ \n", "options": {"A": "前者是肱二頭肌（biceps brachii），後者是肱肌（brachialis）", "B": "前者是肱二頭肌（biceps brachii），後者是肱三頭肌（triceps brachii）", "C": "前者是肱肌（brachialis），後者是肱三頭肌（triceps brachii）", "D": "前者是橈側屈腕肌（flexor carpi radialis），後者是尺側屈腕肌（flexor carpi ulnaris）"}, "answer": "前者是肱二頭肌（biceps brachii），後者是肱肌（brachialis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關基底核迴路的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "皮質投射至紋狀體的徑路為興奮性", "B": "尾核投射至蒼白球的徑路為抑制性", "C": "底視丘投射至蒼白球的徑路為抑制性", "D": "蒼白球內、外部的神經元皆屬抑制性"}, "answer": "底視丘投射至蒼白球的徑路為抑制性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲男子主訴有牙齒鬆動、傷口不易癒合等症狀，口腔理學檢查發現牙齦浮腫、牙齦泛紫。這些病徵最可能與維他命 C 參與何種蛋白修飾（protein modification）變化有關？", "options": {"A": "羥基化（hydroxylation）", "B": "磷酸化（phosphorylation）", "C": "乙醯化（acetylation）", "D": "甲基化（methylation）"}, "answer": "羥基化（hydroxylation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "74 一位 25 歲女性病人，因劇烈腹痛至急診室求診。未施打顯影劑的電腦斷層影像顯示左側卵巢與輸卵 管有高密度病灶，以及骨盆腔有高密度腹水（如圖）。最可能的診斷為： \n", "options": {"A": "卵巢癌（ovarian cancer）", "B": "子宮外孕（ectopic pregnancy）", "C": "巧克力囊腫（chocolate cyst）", "D": "輸卵管卵巢膿瘍（tubo-ovarian abscess）"}, "answer": "子宮外孕（ectopic pregnancy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "35 歲女性，G1P0，妊娠 16 週接受羊膜穿刺以檢查染色體，此時唐氏症（Down syndrome）發生率為何，請選出下列四者中最可能的發生率？", "options": {"A": "百分之四", "B": "千分之四", "C": "萬分之四", "D": "十萬分之四"}, "answer": "千分之四", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "95 有關副甲狀腺腺瘤常見的病理特徵，下列何者錯誤？  ", "options": {"A": "腫瘤界限明顯 \t", "B": "大部分以多個結節腫瘤呈現", "C": "重量約為 0.5 公克至 5.0 公克之間", "D": "腫瘤細胞主要由主細胞（chief cells）所構成"}, "answer": "大部分以多個結節腫瘤呈現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "70 歲男性病患，因排尿問題來就診，病史詢問時患者有許多排尿症狀，下列症狀中何者不屬於國際前列腺症狀量表（IPSS）中的評分項目？", "options": {"A": "小便解完後會有餘尿滴到內褲上 \t", "B": "晚上要起床小便 4 至 5 次，冬天尤其嚴重", "C": "一旦想小便一定要立刻起身去廁所，有時來不及", "D": "小便力道變細，比不上年輕的時候"}, "answer": "小便解完後會有餘尿滴到內褲上 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "36 目前在市面上流行使用肉毒桿菌毒素（botulinum toxin）注射來達成美容整形的目的，如消除臉上的 皺紋等。請問：其作用機轉為下列何者？ \n", "options": {"A": "讓乙醯膽胺（acetylcholine）無法由 synaptic vesicle 釋出，以阻斷神經肌肉交接處的功能", "B": "破壞乙醯膽胺的接收器（receptor）", "C": "阻止肌肉細胞膜鈣離子釋放，使肌肉無法收縮", "D": "造成神經軸細胞質流動（axon plasma flow）終止，使神經傳導異常"}, "answer": "讓乙醯膽胺（acetylcholine）無法由 synaptic vesicle 釋出，以阻斷神經肌肉交接處的功能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關腦震盪（brain concussion）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是一種不可逆（irreversible）的症狀 \t", "B": "持續的時間至多數分鐘", "C": "主要的致病機轉是頭的動量突然變化（sudden change in the momentum）", "D": "常合併腦出血"}, "answer": "主要的致病機轉是頭的動量突然變化（sudden change in the momentum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於自體免疫性溶血性貧血（autoimmune hemolytic anemia）中的冷型抗體（cold antibodies），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常在溫度<37℃時發生凝集", "B": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae 為可能的致病原", "C": "其抗體為 IgG", "D": "用類固醇治療效果不彰"}, "answer": "其抗體為 IgG", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "72.\n 23歲男性，無特殊病史。因左膝扭傷，意外發現骨骺（epiphysis）腫瘤。附圖為X光攝影及電腦斷層影像，最可能的診斷為何：  \n", "options": {"A": "fibrous dysplasia", "B": "giant cell tumor", "C": "osteogenic sarcoma", "D": "bone metastasis"}, "answer": "giant cell tumor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "以 Schiotz 氏壓凹（indentation）式眼壓計測量眼壓，眼壓計上的指針所指的數值愈大時，表示眼壓值為何？", "options": {"A": "愈高", "B": "愈低", "C": "不一定", "D": "沒意義"}, "answer": "愈低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種物質長期濫用後，最不會產生戒斷症狀？", "options": {"A": "幻覺劑（hallucinogen）", "B": "安非他命（amphetamine）", "C": "苯二氮平（benzodiazepine）", "D": "酒精（alcohol）"}, "answer": "幻覺劑（hallucinogen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "聚合酶鏈鎖反應（Polymerase chain reaction, PCR）可以讓微量DNA在短時間內大量擴增，需要何種二價金屬離子以促進反應進行？", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "Zn2+", "C": "Mg2+", "D": "Fe2+"}, "answer": "Mg2+", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "42.34歲G2P1孕婦，妊娠25週被診斷為子癇前症（preeclampsia），現妊娠31週主訴近3天來常感呼吸急促 （shortness of breath），且無法平躺，經基層診所轉診至醫院急診。理學檢查血壓 158/96 mmHg，體重較\n kg，尿蛋白4+。此時的最優先處置為：", "options": {"A": "胸部聽診及胸部X光（chest X-ray）檢查", "B": "給予安胎治療", "C": "給予利尿劑治療", "D": "安排剖腹生產"}, "answer": "胸部聽診及胸部X光（chest X-ray）檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 42 歲男性，在洗臉時發現脖子下段有突出腫塊；病人並主訴吞嚥有異物感，講話也不能講太久。到醫院檢查後，頸部超音波發現甲狀腺左葉有局部低回音性且合併有鈣化點，左側頸部淋巴結也有腫大。抽血檢查顯示甲狀腺功能正常，但降鈣素（calcitonin）及癌胚胎抗原（CEA）均偏高。下列何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺乳突癌", "B": "大腸癌併甲狀腺轉移", "C": "甲狀腺髓質癌", "D": "未分化癌"}, "answer": "甲狀腺髓質癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "直腸中動脈發生阻塞，下列何者最不受影響？", "options": {"A": "膀胱", "B": "陰道", "C": "儲精囊", "D": "前列腺"}, "answer": "膀胱", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "以真空吸引娩出胎兒，較適合的壓力大約是多少kg/cm2？", "options": {"A": "0.2 kg/cm2", "B": "0.6 kg/cm2", "C": "1.0 kg/cm2", "D": "2.0 kg/cm2"}, "answer": "0.6 kg/cm2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一項是屬於 IgE 媒介的過敏免疫反應（IgE-mediated hypersensitivity）所引起的疾病：", "options": {"A": "全身性對藥物反應的休克（anaphylaxis）", "B": "植物葉面油質所引起的皮膚紅腫", "C": "長期感染病原菌所引起的肉芽腫組織（granulomatous）", "D": "自體免疫疾病所引起的腎絲球腎炎（glomerulonephritis）"}, "answer": "全身性對藥物反應的休克（anaphylaxis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "37.為了探討某社區之吸菸盛行狀況，由此社區隨機選取 100 位居民，發現其中 30 位居民具有吸菸習慣。在 ", "options": {"A": "0.32", "B": "0.35", "C": "0.39", "D": "0.42"}, "answer": "0.39", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關脊髓腫瘤之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "髓膜外（extradural）的腫瘤往往是良性的", "B": "髓膜內（intradural）、脊髓外（extramedullary）的腫瘤以meningioma及schwannoma最常見", "C": "脊髓內（intramedullary）腫瘤以astrocytoma最常見", "D": "脊髓惡性腫瘤的預後不良"}, "answer": "髓膜外（extradural）的腫瘤往往是良性的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關生理節律（circadian biological rhythm）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "睡眠是生理節律的表現之一", "B": "生理節律同時受到外在與內在的因素調節", "C": "下視丘的suprachiasmatic nuclei是生理節律的重要中心", "D": "如果去除外在因素，只有內在因素調節的生理節律時間少於24小時"}, "answer": "如果去除外在因素，只有內在因素調節的生理節律時間少於24小時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位健康者站立且平靜呼吸時，有關肺通氣量（ventilation; VA）、血液灌流量（perfusion; Q）與肺順應性（lung compliance）之變化，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "肺通氣量：肺尖＜肺底\t", "B": "血液灌流量：肺尖＜肺底", "C": "肺通氣量與血液灌流量之比值（VA/Q）：肺尖＜肺底", "D": "肺順應性：肺尖＜肺底"}, "answer": "肺通氣量與血液灌流量之比值（VA/Q）：肺尖＜肺底", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "67.下列何者是直接作⽤型蕈毒鹼致效劑（direct-acting muscarinic agonist）， 可⽤於治療薛格連⽒症候群 （Sjögren's syndrome）或放射線治療引起的⼝乾症？\n", "options": {"A": "atropine", "B": "cevimeline", "C": "neostigmine", "D": "succinylcholine"}, "answer": "cevimeline", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於非酒精性脂肪肝病（Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "非酒精性脂肪肝病涵蓋單純脂肪變性（simple steatosis）、非酒精性脂性肝炎（Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis）、纖維化甚至於肝硬化等不同嚴重程度的肝傷害", "B": "目前認為胰島素抗性是造成非酒精性脂肪肝病首要且必須的因素", "C": "非酒精性脂肪肝病、第一型糖尿病、中厚（臟器）型肥胖、高脂血症與高血壓都是胰島素抗性症", "D": "多數非酒精性脂肪肝病患者其 AST/ALT 比值小於 1"}, "answer": "非酒精性脂肪肝病、第一型糖尿病、中厚（臟器）型肥胖、高脂血症與高血壓都是胰島素抗性症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一男嬰出生後發現為無肛症（imperforate anus），小便中帶有胎便，則他的疾病是那一種？", "options": {"A": "低位無肛症 \t", "B": "高位無肛症", "C": "泄殖腔異常（cloacal malformation）", "D": "必須進一步檢查才能知道"}, "answer": "高位無肛症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位4天大的女嬰，被發現有呼吸窘迫及下肢發紺（cyanosis）現象。其上肢血氧濃度90%，下肢血氧濃度65%。下列何者為最不可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "新生兒持續性肺高壓（persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn）", "B": "心臟下型之總肺靜脈回流異常（total anomalous pulmonary venous return, infra-cardiac type）", "C": "主動脈弓中斷（interrupted aortic arch）", "D": "主動脈窄縮（aortic coarctation）"}, "answer": "心臟下型之總肺靜脈回流異常（total anomalous pulmonary venous return, infra-cardiac type）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於呼吸器相關肺炎（ventilator-associated pneumonia），下列敘述何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "住院後5到7天內發生的呼吸器相關肺炎，致病菌可能不是多重抗藥菌，而是如肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）或嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae）等", "B": "住院7天後發生的呼吸器相關肺炎，致病菌較可能為多重抗藥菌，如綠膿桿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）或鮑氏不動桿菌（Acinetobacter baumannii）等", "C": "氣管內管插管雖可避免大量的分泌物吸入，但無法避免微量吸入（microaspiration）", "D": "為避免呼吸器相關肺炎，必須將病人頭部抬高至少60度，以避免產生吸入性肺炎"}, "answer": "為避免呼吸器相關肺炎，必須將病人頭部抬高至少60度，以避免產生吸入性肺炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有一患者右大拇指出現如圖病灶，臨床診斷為惡性黑色素細胞瘤（malignant melanoma）；以下敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此病灶之分型屬於結節型黑色素細胞瘤（nodular melanoma）", "B": "此型為有色人種之黑色素細胞瘤中罹患率最高之分型", "C": "此型黑色素細胞瘤之發生與日光曝曬有關", "D": "絕不可進行部分病灶切片（incisional biopsy），以免腫瘤擴散"}, "answer": "此型為有色人種之黑色素細胞瘤中罹患率最高之分型", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於染色體22q11.2缺失症候群（chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "免疫系統主要會有B淋巴細胞的功能異常", "B": "內分泌系統主要是腦下腺發育不良的問題", "C": "多數的個案其染色體的缺失或突變是隨機的發生在生殖細胞（精或卵）形成的過程", "D": "必須靠傳統染色體核型分析（karyotyping）才能確診"}, "answer": "多數的個案其染色體的缺失或突變是隨機的發生在生殖細胞（精或卵）形成的過程", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關新生兒暫時性呼吸過速（Transient tachypnea of newborn）之敘述，何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "與肺部液體吸收不全有關", "B": "自然產嬰兒相較剖腹產嬰兒容易發生", "C": "大部份呼吸窘迫症狀於72小時內緩解", "D": "少數個案可併發持續性肺動脈高壓"}, "answer": "自然產嬰兒相較剖腹產嬰兒容易發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "70 歲男性，從 2 天前左小腿出現疼痛的皮膚病變如下圖，病灶摸起來較熱，且有壓痛感。患者左側腹股溝淋巴結也會腫痛。最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "缺脂性濕疹（asteatotic eczema）", "B": "蜂窩性組織炎（cellulitis）", "C": "萊姆病（Lyme disease）", "D": "帶狀疱疹（herpes zoster）"}, "answer": "蜂窩性組織炎（cellulitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於 T 細胞和巨噬細胞互動所需要的分子產生突變而引起的免疫缺損，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "IL-12 缺損會導致對分枝桿菌防護能力下降", "B": "CD40 或 CD40L 的突變不會影響 T 細胞功能", "C": "IFN-γ 接受體的完全缺乏會使個體組織產生肉芽腫的能力降低", "D": "TNF-α 在產生肉芽腫的過程中扮演重要的角色"}, "answer": "CD40 或 CD40L 的突變不會影響 T 細胞功能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於手術中使用誘發電位（evoked potential; EP）監測術中神經功能的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "體神經誘發電位（somatosensory evoked potential; SSEP）常使用於脊椎手術監測脊椎神經是否損傷", "B": "聽覺神經誘發電位（brainstem auditory evoked potential; BAEP）常於切除聽覺神經瘤手術中使用", "C": "視覺神經誘發電位（visual evoked potential; VEP）常使用於一般頸椎手術", "D": "運動神經誘發電位可以使用於脊椎手術監測脊椎運動神經是否損傷"}, "answer": "視覺神經誘發電位（visual evoked potential; VEP）常使用於一般頸椎手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "青蒿素（artemisinin）的殺傷對象是：", "options": {"A": "血液裂殖體（blood schizonts）", "B": "肝臟裂殖體（liver schizonts）", "C": "休眠子（hypnozoites）", "D": "配子母細胞（gametocytes）"}, "answer": "血液裂殖體（blood schizonts）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "依據 Astler-Coller 之分期系統，若大腸癌之腫瘤細胞已侵犯肌肉本體層（muscularis propria）但尚未轉移至淋巴結，則其分期為：", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B", "C": "C", "D": "D"}, "answer": "B", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "新生兒出生時身高體重及頭圍正常，7天大時發燒，鞏膜呈現黃色，肝脾腫大，聽力檢查異常，最有可能是下列何種感染？", "options": {"A": "單純性疱疹（herpes simplex virus ）", "B": "先天性梅毒（congenital syphilis）", "C": "Ｂ型肝炎（hepatitis B virus ）", "D": "先天性巨細胞病毒（congenital cytomegalovirus）"}, "answer": "先天性巨細胞病毒（congenital cytomegalovirus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病人主訴慢性咳嗽，X 光顯示右肺有一圓形病灶。組織檢查顯示病變中央壞死，其周圍有巨噬細胞、淋巴球及類上皮細胞，其最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "膿瘍（abscess）", "B": "肉芽腫（granuloma）", "C": "栓塞（embolus）", "D": "癌（cancer）"}, "answer": "肉芽腫（granuloma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關急性B型肝炎的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "nucleoside analogue或nucleotide analogue治療可以用於重症患者", "B": "nucleoside analogue或nucleotide analogue治療可以縮短疾病病程", "C": "若需使用nucleoside analogue或nucleotide analogue治療，建議使用到HBsAg seroconversion後3個月，或是 HBeAg seroconversion後6個月", "D": "約99%病患不會成為慢性帶原"}, "answer": "nucleoside analogue或nucleotide analogue治療可以縮短疾病病程", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在水溶液的pH值低於胺基酸的pI值時，該胺基酸的主要性質為何？", "options": {"A": "呈淨負電荷", "B": "呈淨正電荷", "C": "呈中性 \t", "D": "呈正、負電荷等量"}, "answer": "呈淨正電荷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "30歲男性病⼈，因左眼不適、眼睛紅、合併畏光現象約⼀天，⾄急診就診。下列何者診斷較不可能：", "options": {"A": "急性結膜炎（acute conjunctivitis）", "B": "虹膜炎（uveitis）", "C": "⾓膜炎（keratitis）", "D": "急性青光眼（acute glaucoma）"}, "answer": "急性結膜炎（acute conjunctivitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位腦中風病患發生明顯吞嚥困難（dysphagia），下列何種診斷檢查對吞嚥復健治療最有幫助？", "options": {"A": "光纖內視鏡檢查（fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing）", "B": "錄影螢光攝影檢查（videofluorographic swallowing study）", "C": "口腔咽喉反射檢查（oropharyngeal reflex test）", "D": "咽喉肌電圖檢查（electromyographic examination of laryngeal muscles）"}, "answer": "錄影螢光攝影檢查（videofluorographic swallowing study）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "68 以下為一份成人預防保健檢查報告：基本資料：男性，45 歲；疾病史：慢性肝炎；長期用藥：無；健康行為：吸菸（1 包/天）、經常喝酒、不嚼檳榔、偶爾運動；健檢資料：身高 162 公分、體重 78 公斤、血壓 114/65 mmHg、脈搏 61 次/分、腰圍 95 公分、BMI 29.72；理學檢查無明顯異常；尿液檢查無異常；血液檢查無異常；生化檢查：Alb 3.9 g/dL, Globulin 3.1 g/dL, AST 48 U/L, ALT 67 U/L, Sugar  mg/dL, T-CHO 200 mg/dL, TG 140 mg/dL, BUN 14 mg/dL, Cre 1.1 mg/dL, Uric acid 8.0 mg/dL，此病人檢查結果的判讀何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病史有慢性肝炎加上異常肝功能，需進一步檢查病因", "B": "病人依行政院衛生署的標準可診斷為肥胖症", "C": "病人依行政院衛生署的標準可診斷為代謝症候群", "D": "需建議病人以治療式生活型態來降低心血管疾病的危險因子"}, "answer": "病人依行政院衛生署的標準可診斷為代謝症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "     刺激鼻腔黏液腺（mucous gland）之分泌 \t刺激淚腺（lacrimal gland）之分泌 26 \t下列何者屬於下丘腦內管狀區（tuberal region of the hypothalamus）之結構？", "options": {"A": "刺激鼻腔黏液腺（mucous gland）之分泌", "B": "刺激淚腺（lacrimal gland）之分泌 26 \t下列何者屬於下丘腦內管狀區（tuberal region of the hypothalamus）之結構？", "C": "管狀核（tuberal nucleus）", "D": "弓狀核（arcuate nucleus）"}, "answer": "刺激淚腺（lacrimal gland）之分泌 26 \t下列何者屬於下丘腦內管狀區（tuberal region of the hypothalamus）之結構？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是風濕性關節炎常見之眼部併發症？", "options": {"A": "非感染性之角膜潰瘍", "B": "結膜淋巴瘤", "C": "乾眼症", "D": "鞏膜炎"}, "answer": "鞏膜炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "脛神經（tibial nerve）走在下列那兩塊肌肉之間？", "options": {"A": "腓腸肌（gastrocnemius）與比目魚肌（soleus）", "B": "比目魚肌（soleus）與脛後肌（tibialis posterior）", "C": "脛後肌（tibialis posterior）與脛前肌（tibialis anterior）", "D": "腓長肌（fibularis longus）與腓短肌（fibularis brevis）"}, "answer": "比目魚肌（soleus）與脛後肌（tibialis posterior）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "11 歲男性病人主訴跌倒後，踝關節上方疼痛。圖為本次就診之踝關節 X 光攝影。最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "pathological fracture", "B": "stress fracture", "C": "depression fracture", "D": "compression fracture"}, "answer": "pathological fracture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "利用菊糖（inulin）測量腎小球過濾率（GFR）時，測得尿液中菊糖濃度是35 mg/mL，血漿中菊糖濃度是0.25 mg/mL，尿液流速是0.9 mL/min。GFR是多少mL/min？", "options": {"A": "9.7", "B": "126", "C": "0.09", "D": "148"}, "answer": "126", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於氟喹諾酮類抗生素（quinolone，如ciprofloxacin、levofloxacin）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是抑菌而不是殺菌型藥物", "B": "對淋病球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae）抗藥性增加，不建議做為第一線治療藥物", "C": "主要是由膽汁排泄清除，腎衰竭病人不需調整劑量", "D": "由於對綠膿桿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）的殺菌作用不佳，發燒和中性顆粒細胞減少症病人是禁忌"}, "answer": "對淋病球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae）抗藥性增加，不建議做為第一線治療藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "免疫系統在腫瘤細胞極為少數時，能先行將其消滅，此稱為：", "options": {"A": "排斥反應（graft rejection）", "B": "免疫監控（immune surveillance）", "C": "失去耐受性（tolerance failure）", "D": "引致耐受性（tolerance induction）"}, "answer": "免疫監控（immune surveillance）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種肝炎病毒不會經由周產期（Perinatal）傳染？", "options": {"A": "A型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis A virus）", "B": "B型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus）", "C": "C型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus）", "D": "D型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis D virus）"}, "answer": "A型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis A virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "T 淋巴球及巨噬細胞在 Mycobacterium leprae 感染的兩種不同的型態中，有不同的反應，下列何者為是？", "options": {"A": "tuberculoid leprosy 包括 granulomas 的形成，細菌數目較 lepromatous leprosy 為多", "B": "tuberculoid leprosy 中 T 淋巴球產生細胞激素以 IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 為主", "C": "lepromatous leprosy 中 T 淋巴球反應為正常，產生 IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-β等", "D": "lepromatous leprosy 時細菌數目多，巨噬細胞中的細菌仍生長迅速"}, "answer": "lepromatous leprosy 時細菌數目多，巨噬細胞中的細菌仍生長迅速", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關運動系統之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "大腦額葉（frontal lobe）與頂葉（parietal lobe）皆可發出神經纖維形成皮質脊髓徑（corticospinal tract）", "B": "前庭脊髓徑（vestibulospinal tract）主要興奮屈肌群（flexor muscles）", "C": "網狀系統（reticular formation）可參與運動的調控", "D": "支配右側咀嚼肌之上運動神經元（upper motor neuron）來自兩側大腦半球"}, "answer": "前庭脊髓徑（vestibulospinal tract）主要興奮屈肌群（flexor muscles）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "9.6週大之嬰兒，媽媽主訴昨天開始發燒，活力變差，剛剛突然發生抽搐，持續5分鐘，住院醫師認為病嬰疑似感染腦膜炎，進行 脊椎穿刺檢查，脊髓液呈現leukocytes: 5000/mm3，protein: 300 mg/dL，glucose: 20 mg/dL。最可能的診斷是？ \n", "options": {"A": "細菌性腦膜炎", "B": "病毒性腦膜炎", "C": "嗜伊紅性腦膜炎", "D": "真菌性腦膜炎"}, "answer": "細菌性腦膜炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關哺乳類動物細胞之 N-linked 醣蛋白（glycoproteins）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "N-linked glycoproteins 最主要之 oligosaccharides 是由 glucose 組成", "B": "利用 dolichol phosphate 結合 oligosaccharides 協助醣蛋白之合成", "C": "N-linked glycoproteins 用以結合 oligosaccharides 之胺基酸是 lysine", "D": "N-glycosylation 主要在高基氏體進行"}, "answer": "利用 dolichol phosphate 結合 oligosaccharides 協助醣蛋白之合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是雌激素（estrogen）之作用器官？", "options": {"A": "Brain", "B": "Testis", "C": "Bone", "D": "Pancreas"}, "answer": "Pancreas", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "所謂跳躍者膝（Jumper's knee）是指：", "options": {"A": "臏骨肌腱炎（patellar tendinitis）", "B": "膝內側側韌帶扭傷（medial collateral ligament sprain）", "C": "膝外側側韌帶扭傷（lateral collateral ligament sprain）", "D": "膕肌肌腱炎（hamstring tendinitis）"}, "answer": "臏骨肌腱炎（patellar tendinitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}