{"question": "在病人接受全身麻醉施行胸腰脊椎側彎（scoliosis）矯正手術時，下列何方法對脊椎神經功能監測最可靠？", "options": {"A": "motor evoked potentials", "B": "somato-sensory evoked potentials", "C": "electromyography", "D": "wake-up test"}, "answer": "wake-up test", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "人體站立時，肺部那一區域的換氣／灌流比（ventilation/perfusion）為最高？", "options": {"A": "肺底", "B": "肺尖", "C": "肺中央處", "D": "肺各處均有相若之換氣／灌流比"}, "answer": "肺尖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 75 歲的男性，主訴最近 6 個月來快走會有心悸和胸悶的現象，身體檢查時，血壓 140/50 mmHg，心跳規律，胸骨右側上方可聽到心舒期雜音，心臟超音波檢查有嚴重的主動脈瓣逆流，但左心室收縮內徑（left ventricular end systolic dimension）為 58 mm，舒張內徑為 80 mm，此時最好的治療方式為何？", "options": {"A": "用金屬性瓣膜置換主動脈瓣", "B": "用豬心瓣膜置換主動脈瓣", "C": "使用抗心律不整藥劑", "D": "使用抗心衰竭藥劑"}, "answer": "用豬心瓣膜置換主動脈瓣", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於停經後的荷爾蒙療法，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "對於萎縮性陰道炎，可使用局部荷爾蒙療法", "B": "女性荷爾蒙有降低 LDL 的效果，所以可用於預防心血管疾病", "C": "荷爾蒙療法對於骨質疏鬆所造成的骨折有預防的效果", "D": "若子宮未切除，使用女性荷爾蒙者需合併服用黃體素"}, "answer": "女性荷爾蒙有降低 LDL 的效果，所以可用於預防心血管疾病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是路易氏體失智症（dementia with Lewy bodies, DLB）的主要症狀？", "options": {"A": "認知功能時好時壞", "B": "視幻覺", "C": "舞蹈症", "D": "巴金森氏症狀"}, "answer": "舞蹈症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "「動作單位（motor unit）」指的是：", "options": {"A": "單一運動神經元加上它支配的所有肌肉纖維", "B": "一條肌肉纖維加上所有支配它的動作神經元", "C": "供應單一肌肉的所有動作神經元", "D": "一組拮抗肌群"}, "answer": "單一運動神經元加上它支配的所有肌肉纖維", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者並非神經內分泌瘤的組織免疫標記？", "options": {"A": "neuron-specific enolase", "B": "synaptophysin", "C": "chromogranin A  \t", "D": "CD7"}, "answer": "CD7", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "左側第九到十一後肋間靜脈血直接回流入下列何者？", "options": {"A": "奇靜脈（azygos vein）", "B": "半奇靜脈（hemiazygos vein）", "C": "左鎖骨下靜脈（left subclavian vein）", "D": "內胸靜脈（internal thoracic vein）"}, "answer": "半奇靜脈（hemiazygos vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "利用配對方式選擇病例對照研究，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "需事先決定干擾因子", "B": "可降低已知干擾因子的影響", "C": "無法控制配對因子之干擾作用", "D": "需做配對分析"}, "answer": "無法控制配對因子之干擾作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "24 此時下列那些治療方式對此男嬰有幫助？①Blalock-Taussig 分流術 ②心房中隔氣球造口術（balloon atrial septostomy） ③前列腺素靜脈注射（PGE1 infusion） ④肺動脈環縮術（PA banding） ", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "②③", "C": "①③", "D": "①④"}, "answer": "②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "39 一位 55 歲停經後女性，發現乳房右側有一 2.5 公分腫塊，經詳細檢查後，接受改良型全乳房根除術 （modified radical mastectomy），病理診斷為乳癌（T2N0M0）, ER(+), PR(+), Her2(-)。術後輔助治療何者適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "化學治療 \t", "B": "荷爾蒙拮抗治療 \t", "C": "化學治療合併放射治療", "D": "放射治療"}, "answer": "荷爾蒙拮抗治療 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "73.32歲男性病人右下腹痛2天，來到急診，身體檢查有明顯局部壓痛，白血球在正常值內但略偏高，C-reactive  protein上升。未注射顯影劑的電腦斷層如圖示，下列何項診斷最有可能？ \n", "options": {"A": "epiploic appendagitis", "B": "acute ileus", "C": "ascending colon intusussception", "D": "colon cancer with perforation"}, "answer": "epiploic appendagitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位60歲男性因突然大量吐血而被送至急診，呈休克狀態，經緊急輸液治療後，病情改進。發病前並未喝酒及嘔吐，也沒有服用非類固醇消炎止痛藥（NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs），最近也無特殊壓力。他是B型肝炎病毒慢性感染者。這位病人最可能是下列那種病灶出血？", "options": {"A": "食道靜脈曲張破裂出血", "B": "胃癌出血", "C": "出血性胃炎", "D": "十二指腸第二部分出血"}, "answer": "食道靜脈曲張破裂出血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 2 歲的小孩，2 天前出現輕度發燒及皮膚病灶，並注意到全身出現紅斑，檢查時 Nikolsky sign 呈陽性，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌皮膚燙傷樣症候群（staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome）為可能診斷", "B": "一定會侵犯黏膜組織", "C": "使用類固醇治療有良好療效", "D": "會留下永遠的皮膚病灶"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌皮膚燙傷樣症候群（staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome）為可能診斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位50歲男性主訴胸部不適與行動時氣促，無高血壓病史，血壓130/80 mmHg，心跳規則每分鐘76次，聽診上有第四心音，但並無明顯雜音，胸部X光片無明顯異常，心電圖呈現左心室肥厚合併ST-T波變化，而心臟超音波呈現嚴重左心尖部肥厚與正常左心室收縮功能。下列何種藥物最不適當？", "options": {"A": "digitalis", "B": "beta blockers", "C": "diltiazem", "D": "verapamil"}, "answer": "digitalis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲男性病人，因為皮膚出現紅疹且有劇癢來診，病人無發燒。三天前因為被診斷出有甲狀腺功能亢進，目前正服用抗甲狀腺藥物中。病人之白血球數為 4,500/μL，最適當的處置為下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "立即停用抗甲狀腺藥物、建議開刀", "B": "給予抗組織胺、換用另外一種抗甲狀腺藥物", "C": "加入大量類固醇、立即安排放射性碘治療", "D": "加入抗生素、給予 Lugol's solution"}, "answer": "給予抗組織胺、換用另外一種抗甲狀腺藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "30.一位45歲自小罹患慢性B型肝炎的男性病患，主訴一個多月前覺得右上腹疼痛，有時疼痛會延伸到右邊的肩 膀。最近一週至門診追蹤腹部超音波顯示有多顆肝臟腫瘤，分別是一顆2.2公分大小在S2的位置，和另一顆6.6\n 公分大小在 S5的位置，有觀察到低迴音（hypoechoic）的腫塊。進一步安排腹部電腦斷層之後，發現在相同位置有同樣大小的腫塊，並且已經侵犯到右側肝門靜脈。其他部位的腹部超音波和電腦斷層結果皆屬正常。抽血結果發現胎兒蛋白值（AFP）為230 ng/mL，AST 53 U/L，ALT 68 U/L。則這位病人最可能的診斷為何？\n", "options": {"A": "liver abscess with necrosis", "B": "hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis", "C": "multiple cavernous hemangioma", "D": "acute-on-chronic hepatitis"}, "answer": "hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於先天性肺部呼吸道畸形（congenital pulmonary airway malformation）的治療，下列何者比較正確？", "options": {"A": "新生兒胸部X光發現右上肺葉有大囊泡狀病灶，出生後即因呼吸衰竭插管治療，應緊急進行開胸手術", "B": "新生兒產前懷疑右下肺葉有實質狀病灶，出生後呼吸平穩，應立即接受肺部電腦斷層檢查", "C": "新生兒產前懷疑左上肺葉有小囊泡狀病灶，於出生後6個月大時接受電腦斷層確診，應於2歲之後再手術", "D": "3個月大男嬰因呼吸急促，經X光及電腦斷層檢查發現左下肺葉多囊泡狀病灶，應安排磁振造影（MRI）確定血管走向"}, "answer": "新生兒胸部X光發現右上肺葉有大囊泡狀病灶，出生後即因呼吸衰竭插管治療，應緊急進行開胸手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "王先生，56 歲農夫，有長期吸菸與嚼檳榔習慣，近 1 個月有喉嚨異物感、吞嚥不適、左耳疼痛、左前頸部腫大、雙側頸部中段各有一顆最大徑超過 2 公分腫瘤，聲音稍啞但無呼吸困難，經醫師檢查後可能的診斷是罹患下咽癌，王先生此時之臨床分期應該是多少？", "options": {"A": "T3N2a", "B": "T3N2b", "C": "T4N2b", "D": "T4N2c"}, "answer": "T4N2c", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "36 26 歲不孕女性，主訴月經稀少，經檢查如圖 A、圖 B、圖 C 所示，欲治療圖 A 所呈現疾患，下列藥物何者最不適當？  圖 A：多毛  \t 圖 B：後頸黑色素棘皮症 \t圖 C：陰道超音波 \n", "options": {"A": "medroxyprogesterone acetate", "B": "antiandrogen", "C": "5α-reductase inhibitor", "D": "danazol"}, "answer": "danazol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關人體寄生蟲成蟲形態的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "十二指腸鉤蟲（Ancylostoma duodenale）具有兩對齒鉤", "B": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）具有頭翼（cephalic alae）", "C": "牛羊肝吸蟲（Fasciola hepatica）具有頭錐（cephalic cone）", "D": "廣節裂頭絛蟲（Diphyllobothrium latum）具有圓形吸盤（sucker）"}, "answer": "廣節裂頭絛蟲（Diphyllobothrium latum）具有圓形吸盤（sucker）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "傳染登⾰熱的病媒蚊是下列何者？", "options": {"A": "熱帶家蚊、⽩腹叢蚊", "B": "埃及斑蚊、⽩線斑蚊", "C": "⽩腹叢蚊、⼩⿊蚊", "D": "中華瘧蚊、熱帶家蚊"}, "answer": "埃及斑蚊、⽩線斑蚊", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "核子醫學 technetium pertechnetate scan 對診斷下列何種疾病有幫助？", "options": {"A": "梅克耳憩室（Meckel's diverticulum）", "B": "水腎", "C": "骨髓病變 \t", "D": "腎上腺腫瘤"}, "answer": "梅克耳憩室（Meckel's diverticulum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列各病症與其病原蟲之配對中，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Romaña's sign－枯西氏錐蟲（Trypanosoma cruzi）", "B": "Winterbottom's sign－岡比亞錐蟲（Trypanosoma brucei gambiense）", "C": "Megaesophagus－杜氏利什曼原蟲（Leishmania donovani）", "D": "Espundia－巴西利什曼原蟲（Leishmania braziliensis）"}, "answer": "Megaesophagus－杜氏利什曼原蟲（Leishmania donovani）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在blood coagulation pathway的最後一步，促使fibrinogen轉化成fibrin的物質為何？", "options": {"A": "von Willebrand factor", "B": "factor V", "C": "thrombin", "D": "plasminogen"}, "answer": "thrombin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "39.58歲男性，近半年感到腹部不適，某日就診時發現有兩側頸部、腋下與腹股溝淋巴結腫大。病人體溫 38.8℃，血壓90/50mmHg，並有畏寒與疲累的症狀，血球檢查數據如下（括弧內是正常參考數值）：RBC  4.12 M/μL（4～5.52），Hb 12.4 g/dL（13.2～17.2），Retic. 1.48%（0.5～2），PLT 261 k/μL（148～339）， WBC 9.74 k/μL（3.54～9.06），Blast 0% ，Promyel. 0%，Myelo. 0%，Meta 0%，Band 0%，Seg 5.0%，Eos.  3.0%，Baso. 1.0%，Mono. 8.0%，Lym. 83.0%，Aty.Lym. 0.0%，Plasma cell 0.0%，Normobl. 0.0/100 WBC。以 下那個敘述錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "因為白血球總數正常，只需要症狀治療", "B": "應該要做詳細的身體檢查，以找出可能的感染來源", "C": "應該要接受血液細菌培養", "D": "應該要儘早投與靜脈注射的廣效性抗生素"}, "answer": "因為白血球總數正常，只需要症狀治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲男性病人主訴下背疼痛已半年。症狀時好時壞。嚴重時，可能半夜或清晨會痛醒。該病人最不可能同時有下列那一種症狀或徵兆？", "options": {"A": "虹彩炎（iritis） \t", "B": "香腸趾（sausage toe）", "C": "皮下結節（subcutaneous nodule）", "D": "足底筋膜炎（plantar fasciitis）"}, "answer": "皮下結節（subcutaneous nodule）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "依據赫爾辛基宣言（Declaration of Helsinki），當使用可辨識之人體組織或資料進行研究時，須遵守的規定。下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "通常醫師必須取得同意後，方可收集、分析、儲存和再利用", "B": "在不可能或無法取得同意之情況，或取得同意後將造成研究無效時，可在免除同意書之情況下進行", "C": "在不可能或無法取得同意之情況，或取得同意後將造成研究無效時，此種研究需經研究倫理委員會審議和批准後，方可在免除同意書之情況下進行", "D": "醫師應避免受試者在壓力或脅迫下取得同意"}, "answer": "在不可能或無法取得同意之情況，或取得同意後將造成研究無效時，可在免除同意書之情況下進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據世界衛生組織宣佈，下列何種疾病因為病毒疫苗之使用而絕跡？", "options": {"A": "天花（smallpox）", "B": "流行性感冒", "C": "小兒麻痺", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "天花（smallpox）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "醫師法所稱之醫師不包括下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "中醫師", "B": "獸醫師", "C": "醫師", "D": "牙醫師"}, "answer": "獸醫師", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種組織結構不被外淋巴液（perilymph）所包圍？", "options": {"A": "橢圓囊（utricle）", "B": "耳蝸管（cochlea duct）", "C": "鎚骨（malleus）", "D": "球囊（saccule）"}, "answer": "鎚骨（malleus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是亞急性皮膚紅斑性狼瘡 （subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus；SCLE）常見的皮膚表現形式？", "options": {"A": "malar rash 與 papulosquamous lesions", "B": "papulosquamous 與 annular lesions", "C": "malar rash 與 discoid rash", "D": "discoid rash 與 annular lesions"}, "answer": "papulosquamous 與 annular lesions", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 84 歲男性病患，過去曾在金礦坑內工作長達 30 年，6 個星期前因為咳嗽加劇、黃痰，及下午發燒送醫，痰液抹片檢查發現 AFB（Acid-fast bacilli）(+++)，醫生當時開立第一線治療之標準四種抗結核藥物。如今結核菌培養呈現 MDR（multidrug resistant）TB，檢驗結果顯示對下列那些藥物產生抗藥性？", "options": {"A": "Rifampin+Isoniazid \t", "B": "Rifampin+Isoniazid+Ethambutol", "C": "Isoniazid+Ethambutol", "D": "Isoniazid+Pyrazinamide"}, "answer": "Rifampin+Isoniazid \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "感染下列何種病毒，若自行服用阿司匹靈（Aspirin）等水楊酸類（salicylates）退燒藥物後，最易增加兒童罹患雷氏症候群（Reye syndrome）的風險？", "options": {"A": "德國麻疹病毒（Rubella virus）", "B": "麻疹病毒（Measles virus）", "C": "流感病毒（Influenza virus）", "D": "狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus）"}, "answer": "流感病毒（Influenza virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關治療產後大量出血之血管內栓塞術的敘述，下列何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "血管內栓塞術是唯一的治療方法", "B": "栓塞的目標是止血並盡量保存子宮", "C": "栓塞兩側子宮靜脈對止血的效果最好", "D": "栓塞兩側子宮動脈的後遺症是會造成卵巢壞死"}, "answer": "栓塞的目標是止血並盡量保存子宮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "高血壓的預防和控制指引，不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "體重控制", "B": "增加鈉鹽攝取", "C": "增加體能活動", "D": "飲酒適量"}, "answer": "增加鈉鹽攝取", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於重積癲癇（status epilepticus）治療，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "癲癇發作時應立即給與抗癲癇藥物如phenytoin，並避免給予苯二氮類藥物（benzodiazepines）如", "B": "抗癲癇藥物應使用靜脈注射類而不是口服類", "C": "若使用抗癲癇藥物後仍持續發作，進入頑固性重積癲癇（refractory status epilepticus），應再加上麻醉類藥物如propofol", "D": "腦波監控是必要檢查"}, "answer": "癲癇發作時應立即給與抗癲癇藥物如phenytoin，並避免給予苯二氮類藥物（benzodiazepines）如", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者與味蕾感覺訊號的傳遞，較不相關？", "options": {"A": "trigeminal nerve", "B": "facial nerve", "C": "glossopharyngeal nerve", "D": "vagus nerve"}, "answer": "trigeminal nerve", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關骨骼肌和平滑肌的比較，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "骨骼肌是多核細胞，平滑肌是單核細胞", "B": "骨骼肌細胞核位在細胞的周邊，平滑肌細胞核位在中央", "C": "骨骼肌具有橫紋，平滑肌則無", "D": "骨骼肌可經有絲分裂增殖，平滑肌則否"}, "answer": "骨骼肌可經有絲分裂增殖，平滑肌則否", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為管理學 SWOT 分析中與外部環境相關之面向？", "options": {"A": "機會（opportunity）和威脅（threat）", "B": "優勢（strength）和劣勢（weakness）", "C": "機會（opportunity）和劣勢（weakness）", "D": "優勢（strength）和威脅（threat）"}, "answer": "機會（opportunity）和威脅（threat）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關白喉毒素（diphtheria toxin）的敘述，那一項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是一種endotoxin", "B": "可結合至細胞表面之heparin-binding epidermal growth factor", "C": "可結合至心臟及神經細胞導致受損", "D": "A subunit會使細胞內的elongation factor 2（EF-2）失去活性"}, "answer": "是一種endotoxin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 6 個月大的嬰兒患有神經母細胞瘤，原腫瘤已完全切除，但腫瘤已轉移到肝臟，則該疾病算是那一期？", "options": {"A": "2B", "B": "3", "C": "4", "D": "4S"}, "answer": "4S", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲喜好運動之男性，於三年前因車禍造成膝後十字韌帶斷裂，雖經積極復健，但走路膝關節內側疼痛，理學檢查呈現向後不穩定大於 10 毫米，他應接受何種治療？", "options": {"A": "繼續復健（rehabilitation）", "B": "石膏固定（casting）", "C": "手術修補（direct repair）", "D": "手術重建（reconstruction）"}, "answer": "手術重建（reconstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "臨床上成功應用於breast cancer免疫療法的單株抗體trastuzumab（Herceptin）是針對下列那一個分子？", "options": {"A": "Her-2/neu", "B": "MAG-1", "C": "MUC-1", "D": "CD-20"}, "answer": "Her-2/neu", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "足月產之嬰兒，第一天血紅素（Hb）濃度為 12 g/dL，平均紅血球體積（MCV）為 110 fL，則下列判讀何者為真？", "options": {"A": "完全正常 \t", "B": "小紅血球性貧血（microcytic anemia）", "C": "正紅血球性貧血（normocytic anemia）", "D": "大紅血球性貧血（macrocytic anemia）"}, "answer": "正紅血球性貧血（normocytic anemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者最有可能引起血壓下降？", "options": {"A": "活化小動脈血管平滑肌β1 腎上腺素型受器（β1 adrenergic receptors）", "B": "開啟小動脈血管平滑肌細胞上鈣離子通道（calcium channel）", "C": "增加小動脈一氧化氮（NO）的量", "D": "活化血管張力素轉換酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme）"}, "answer": "增加小動脈一氧化氮（NO）的量", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在成年男性，下列何種病毒性疾病最易侵犯睪丸？", "options": {"A": "麻疹（measles） \t", "B": "德國麻疹（rubella）", "C": "腮腺炎（mumps） \t", "D": "疱疹（herpes）"}, "answer": "腮腺炎（mumps） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關Toxic shock syndrome的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "臨床上表現包括⼤⾯積⽪膚紅腫疼痛或是膿皰、以及⽪膚廣泛性脫屑現象", "B": "初期會出現⽪膚疼痛現象，⼤部分是因為術後傷⼝感染或是腹腔感染引起", "C": "病患會出現發燒、喉嚨痛、肌⾁痠痛、嘔吐或是腹瀉，嚴重時會造成低⾎壓以及多重器官衰竭", "D": "主要致病機轉為Pseudomonas 製造的exfoliative toxin所引起"}, "answer": "主要致病機轉為Pseudomonas 製造的exfoliative toxin所引起", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在靜脈注射一個大劑量的短效胰島素製劑造成低血糖時，下列何種狀況最不會造成血糖回升延遲的現象？", "options": {"A": "腎上腺髓質發育不全", "B": "升血糖素（glucagon）分泌缺乏", "C": "甲狀腺功能低下", "D": "副甲狀腺素分泌不足"}, "answer": "副甲狀腺素分泌不足", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "30 歲男性，數年來有反覆發作之全身銀灰色鱗屑性紅色斑塊，3 個月前這些病灶集中在指（趾）尖及指（趾）甲周圍，且合併脊椎及手指末端關節炎，又 HLA-B27(+)。下列何者為首選口服治療藥物？", "options": {"A": "retinoids", "B": "methotrexate", "C": "cyclosporine", "D": "glucocorticoids"}, "answer": "methotrexate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "35.婦科手術後，若有\t血症（septicemia）引起alveolar-capillary membrane的微血管側受損，使肺部微血管通透 性增加，而造成肺部的併發症，稱為：\n", "options": {"A": "Pulmonary edema", "B": "Pulmonary hypertension", "C": "Respiratory permeability defect", "D": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome"}, "answer": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種周邊視網膜變性與視網膜剝離關係最密切？", "options": {"A": "囊狀視網膜變性（cystoid degeneration） \t", "B": "格子狀變性（lattice degeneration）", "C": "萎縮性視網膜裂孔（atrophic retinal hole） \t", "D": "卵石狀視網膜變性（paving stone degeneration）"}, "answer": "格子狀變性（lattice degeneration）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病不可使用 GnRH（gonadotropin-releasing hormone）agonist 治療？", "options": {"A": "無月經（amenorrhea）", "B": "前列腺癌症（prostate cancer）", "C": "乳癌（breast cancer）", "D": "肢端肥大症（acromegaly）"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症（acromegaly）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "使用下列那一種麻醉劑時，最需要再合併給予肌肉鬆弛劑？", "options": {"A": "Halothane", "B": "Benzodiazepines", "C": "Isoflurane", "D": "Nitrous oxide"}, "answer": "Nitrous oxide", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "7 歲小男生因下肢及臀部出現紅色點狀物（如附圖），其血小板數目正常，同時有膝蓋關節痛與陣發性腹痛之情形，尿液檢查發現其同時有血尿的情形，請問最有可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Henoch-Schönlein purpura", "B": "Ig A nephropathy", "C": "scarlet fever", "D": "juvenile rheumatoid arthritis"}, "answer": "Henoch-Schönlein purpura", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "⿐咽癌的⾎液測試中，下列何者⽬前被認為準確度最好？", "options": {"A": "EBV anti-VCA IgG", "B": "EBV anti-VCA IgA", "C": "EBV anti-EA IgA", "D": "Serum/Plasma free EBV DNA copies"}, "answer": "Serum/Plasma free EBV DNA copies", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關頭部神經或血管路徑的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "眼動脈（ophthalmic artery）穿過眶上裂（superior orbital fissure）", "B": "顏面神經（facial nerve）穿過莖乳孔（stylomastoid foramen）", "C": "三叉神經上頜支（maxillary division of trigeminal nerve）穿過卵圓孔（foramen ovale）", "D": "前庭耳蝸神經（vestibulocochlear nerve）穿過頸靜脈孔（jugular foramen）"}, "answer": "顏面神經（facial nerve）穿過莖乳孔（stylomastoid foramen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於Noonan syndrome之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "身材矮小", "B": "蹼狀頸（webbed neck）", "C": "正常染色體核型（normal karyotype）", "D": "主動脈狹窄（aortic stenosis）為其最常見的心臟病變"}, "answer": "主動脈狹窄（aortic stenosis）為其最常見的心臟病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 63 歲長期抽菸的男性喉癌病人（鱗狀上皮細胞）；手術一年後發現肺部廣泛轉移。於 cisplatin/5-FU 化學治療結束後第二天出院。但隔天其太太發現病人意識不清，於是送病人至急診。呼吸及血壓均正常，但心跳 112/分。何者是最適當之處置？", "options": {"A": "血液細菌培養，使用選擇性抗綠膿桿菌之抗生素 \t", "B": "檢驗血中 calcium", "C": "檢驗血液中NH3", "D": "腦部核磁共振"}, "answer": "檢驗血中 calcium", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 E. coli 修補 O6-methylguanine 的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "利用甲基轉移酶（methyltransferase）將甲基送到四氫葉酸（tetrahydrofolate）", "B": "利用甲基轉移酶將甲基送到甲基轉移酶本體", "C": "利用 DNA 去甲基酶（DNA demethylase）送到四氫葉酸", "D": "利用 DNA 去甲基酶送到水中"}, "answer": "利用甲基轉移酶將甲基送到甲基轉移酶本體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一中年女性主訴手指會麻，下列那一部位的感覺缺失可使醫師確認受傷的神經是尺神經（ulnar nerve）？", "options": {"A": "大拇指的掌面（palmar surface of thumb）", "B": "前臂掌面的尺側（ulnar side of the volar surface of forearm）", "C": "小指的掌面（palmar surface of the 5th finger）", "D": "手背近虎口處（dorsum of hand between the thumb and the 2nd finger）"}, "answer": "小指的掌面（palmar surface of the 5th finger）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一名40多歲男性右眼紅痛，經診斷為急性前部葡萄膜炎（acute anterior uveitis），並伴有多年下背痛病史，則下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "好發於男性", "B": "X光可能發現竹狀脊椎（bamboo spine）", "C": "常雙眼同時發作", "D": "與HLA-B27相關"}, "answer": "常雙眼同時發作", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "21 歲大學生準備前往某開發中國家旅遊，該地是 A 型肝炎疫區，他沒有免疫力，希望不要得到感染，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "應接種 A 型肝炎疫苗或施打免疫球蛋白（immune serum globulin, ISG）", "B": "A 型肝炎疫苗與免疫球蛋白不能同時施打", "C": "如果 2 週內即將前往，應施打免疫球蛋白（ISG）較具保護力", "D": "如果計劃多次到開發中國家旅遊，施打 A 型肝炎疫苗較合成本效益"}, "answer": "A 型肝炎疫苗與免疫球蛋白不能同時施打", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "78.曼森裂頭絛蟲（Spirometra mansonoides）那些發育時期的蟲體可以感染人？①六鈎幼蟲卵 ", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "①③", "C": "②④", "D": "③④"}, "answer": "③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者會因胃擴張（Distension）之刺激而分泌？", "options": {"A": "膽囊收縮素（Cholecystokinin）", "B": "胃抑素（Gastric inhibitory peptide）", "C": "胃泌素（Gastrin） \t", "D": "體抑素（Somatostatin）"}, "answer": "胃泌素（Gastrin） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，依Parkland formula，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "輸液前8小時給crystalloid溶液4320 mL", "B": "輸液前12小時給crystalloid溶液4320 mL", "C": "輸液前8小時給crystalloid溶液2160 mL", "D": "輸液前12小時給crystalloid溶液2160 mL"}, "answer": "輸液前8小時給crystalloid溶液2160 mL", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腋神經（axillary nerve）受損時，會造成下列那一塊旋轉\t（rotator cuff）肌肉無力？", "options": {"A": "棘上肌（supraspinatus muscle）", "B": "棘下肌（infraspinatus muscle）", "C": "肩胛下肌（subscapularis muscle）", "D": "小圓肌（teres minor）"}, "answer": "小圓肌（teres minor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "與大部分血管新生（angiogenesis）關係最密切的生長因子（growth factor）為何？", "options": {"A": "PDGF（platelet-derived growth factor）", "B": "IGF-1（insulin-like growth factor-1）", "C": "VEGF（vascular endothelial growth factor）", "D": "TGF-β（transforming growth factor-β）"}, "answer": "VEGF（vascular endothelial growth factor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者與先天性白內障無關？", "options": {"A": "甲氣體；2.4", "B": "乙氣體；0.42", "C": "丙氣體；1.9", "D": "丁氣體；12"}, "answer": "丁氣體；12", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名 6 歲女孩因為手臂骨折而住院，身體診查發現乳房已有發育，皮膚呈現咖啡牛奶斑（café-au-lait spots），甲狀腺機能亦有亢進現象，影像檢查顯示骨骼纖維性發育不良（fibrous dysplasia），骨齡判讀為 9 歲，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Fanconi syndrome \t", "B": "McCune-Albright syndrome", "C": "neurofibromatosis \t", "D": "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome"}, "answer": "McCune-Albright syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是Bishop score的評分項目之一？", "options": {"A": "生產次數（parity）", "B": "子宮頸擴張程度（dilatation）", "C": "子宮頸軟化程度（effacement）", "D": "胎頭於骨盆的位置（station）"}, "answer": "生產次數（parity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關骨髓（bone marrow）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "具有竇狀系統（sinusoidal system），是一個封閉型的循環系統，新生的血球細胞必須穿透內皮（endothelium），才能進入循環", "B": "黃骨髓（yellow bone marrow）是活化的骨髓，負責製造各種血球細胞", "C": "在長骨（long bone）內的非造血空間，會被纖維母細胞（fibroblast）占據", "D": "巨核細胞（megakaryocyte）釋放的血小板（platelet），必須藉由網狀細胞（reticular cell）的協助，才能進入竇狀系統（sinusoidal system）"}, "answer": "具有竇狀系統（sinusoidal system），是一個封閉型的循環系統，新生的血球細胞必須穿透內皮（endothelium），才能進入循環", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲女性，發現右側甲狀腺腫大 1 個月，於門診理學檢查及超音波檢查發現右側甲狀腺有 1 個 3 公分腫瘤，無頸淋巴腫大，細針抽吸細胞學檢查為乳突性甲狀腺癌，該病人接受甲狀腺全切除，手術後發生呼吸困難。關於病人發生呼吸困難之問題，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "手術後一拔管立刻發生呼吸困難，可能為雙側喉返神經受損造成聲帶麻痺，導致呼吸道阻塞", "B": "手術後當天晚上發生呼吸困難，可能為頸部血腫壓迫氣管，造成氣管軟化及呼吸道阻塞", "C": "手術後 2 小時發生呼吸困難，可能為副甲狀腺受損，導致低血鈣進而全身麻木，呼吸不適", "D": "可能因為傷口疼痛精神緊張造成過度換氣症候"}, "answer": "手術後 2 小時發生呼吸困難，可能為副甲狀腺受損，導致低血鈣進而全身麻木，呼吸不適", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當疑有 submandibular duct 的結石時，下列何者為最恰當的影像診斷方式？", "options": {"A": "skull basal view", "B": "dental occlusal view", "C": "skull lateral view", "D": "Caldwell view"}, "answer": "dental occlusal view", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那種細菌以家禽、家畜為其貯存宿主（reservoir）？", "options": {"A": "空腸彎曲菌（Campylobacter jejuni）", "B": "霍亂弧菌（Vibrio cholerae）", "C": "百日咳桿菌（Bordetella pertussis）", "D": "腦膜炎奈瑟氏菌（Neisseria meningitidis）"}, "answer": "空腸彎曲菌（Campylobacter jejuni）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關low-molecular-weight heparin（LMWH）特點的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "LMWH的使用劑量一般可依體重決定就好", "B": "一般可以用凝血時間的檢\t做監測，維持約正常值的兩倍左右", "C": "必要時可以監測Factor Xa activity看LMWH的藥量是否恰當", "D": "LMWH主要由腎臟代謝排出"}, "answer": "一般可以用凝血時間的檢\t做監測，維持約正常值的兩倍左右", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個 2 歲 8 個月大的女孩，來診發現肝脾極度腫大，分別在肋骨下 3 公分及 8 公分摸到，其血色素（Hb）為 6.5 g/dL，血小板（platelets）數目低為 88,000/mm3，檢查無缺鐵，血色素電泳分析（hemoglobin electrophoresis）Hb A 為 93.0%，Hb A2 為 5.1%，Hb F 為 1.9%，骨髓檢查無惡性細胞浸潤，但有貯積細胞，周邊血白血球測定之β-glucosidase 酵素活性甚低，下列何者為最可能診斷？", "options": {"A": "重型乙型海洋性貧血（β-thalassemia）", "B": "重型甲型海洋性貧血（α-thalassemia）", "C": "重度再生不良性貧血（Severe aplastic anemia）", "D": "高雪氏病（Gaucher disease）"}, "answer": "高雪氏病（Gaucher disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關肝細胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，即HCC）的臨床評估及診治，以下敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "理學檢查時，應注意是否有jaundice、ascites、spider angioma、palmar erythema等可能指出有chronic liver disease或liver cirrhosis的signs", "B": "血清AFP是常用的tumor marker；但並非所有的HCC患者，血清AFP皆會升高", "C": "ultrasound，triphasic CT及gadolinium-enhanced MRI皆是可應用來協助診斷HCC的影像檢查方式", "D": "正子攝影（FDG-PET）已被證實是診斷HCC最敏感的影像檢查方式"}, "answer": "正子攝影（FDG-PET）已被證實是診斷HCC最敏感的影像檢查方式", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列那項是該嬰兒最可能之 blood gas 檢查結果？", "options": {"A": "metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis", "B": "metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis", "C": "metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis", "D": "metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis"}, "answer": "metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "21 急診常有受傷需縫合的傷口，關於拆線時間，下列敘述何者正確？①頭皮 6～8 天 ②眼皮 10～14 天  ③背部 12～14 天 ④四肢 12～14 天 \n", "options": {"A": "①②④", "B": "①②③", "C": "②③④", "D": "①③④"}, "answer": "①③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "29 歲女性經門診醫師診斷甲狀腺單邊有一結節，有關診斷之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "應有發生時間及症狀、家族史的資料", "B": "做超音波及 FNA（小針切片細胞學檢查）", "C": "做 TSH 檢查 \t", "D": "做 CT 及 MRI 檢查"}, "answer": "做 CT 及 MRI 檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "心臟超音波檢查是下列何種疾病的最佳診斷利器？", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗塞", "B": "心包囊積水", "C": "心房中隔缺損", "D": "心室中隔缺損"}, "answer": "心包囊積水", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "54 歲女性失足從 3 公尺高度跌下，嚴重呼吸困難及右胸壁血腫。被送到急診身體檢查，意識昏昏欲睡，血壓測不到，發紺、心動過速與右側呼吸聲減少。你是值班醫生，你的及時處理為何？", "options": {"A": "胸部 X 光及電腦斷層掃描", "B": "插 CVC 用全速靜脈輸液", "C": "插胸管 \t", "D": "給予 inotropics"}, "answer": "插胸管 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "95 國民健康局想進行世代研究（cohort study），探討運動是否可減少發生冠心症的危險。這個世代必 須是建立在： \n", "options": {"A": "已經罹患了冠心症的人", "B": "沒有罹患冠心症的人", "C": "已經有運動習慣的人 \t", "D": "沒有運動習慣的人"}, "answer": "沒有罹患冠心症的人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關肺臟移植的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常見之 surgical indicatoins 為 COPD、pulmonary fibrosis 及 pneumoconiosis 等疾病所造成之肺部永久性傷害 \t", "B": "prednisolone、cyclosporine 與 azathioprine 為常併用之免疫抑制藥物", "C": "急性排斥發生時，病患常出現 dyspnea、leukocytosis 及 mild fever 等症狀", "D": "肺功能檢查若是有 FVC 數據顯著下滑的情形，可作為診斷排斥作用發生之 criteria"}, "answer": "肺功能檢查若是有 FVC 數據顯著下滑的情形，可作為診斷排斥作用發生之 criteria", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "你的門診診間進來一位初診病人，23 歲的阿凱是研究所一年級的學生。他的主訴為昨晚開始發燒、咳嗽、流鼻水，你問診及做完身體檢查，診斷他的問題為上呼吸道感染。正要開藥時，他要求你為他開一張診斷證明書，因為學校後天要期末考，他擔心感冒影響考試的準備，希望你在診斷證明書上註明他需要在家休息 3 天。下列何種作法最為恰當？", "options": {"A": "打電話給他的父或母親", "B": "問他是否得到老師的許可", "C": "經說明後，僅開給他當天之就醫證明", "D": "轉介給另一位門診醫師處理"}, "answer": "經說明後，僅開給他當天之就醫證明", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於美國精神醫學會「精神疾患診斷及統計手冊第四版」之焦慮性疾患（anxiety disorders）？", "options": {"A": "創傷後壓力疾患", "B": "恐慌症", "C": "適應障礙合併焦慮", "D": "社交畏懼症"}, "answer": "適應障礙合併焦慮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關病人在不同壓力下所需的營養需求敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "mild stress 下，病人所需的熱量為 25～30 kcal/kg/day", "B": "燒傷病人每天所需的蛋白質攝取量為 2.0 g/kg/day", "C": "燒傷病人每天的熱量攝取為 35～40 kcal/kg", "D": "moderate malnutrition 的病人，非蛋白質的熱量攝取與氮素比為 150：1"}, "answer": "燒傷病人每天所需的蛋白質攝取量為 2.0 g/kg/day", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，關於乳癌的改良式根治性乳房切除手術（modified radical mastectomy）治療，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "改良式根治性乳房切除包含清除腋下的淋巴結，通常清除level 1 與 level 2的範圍", "B": "腋下淋巴結清除的解剖位置，上界為腋靜脈（axillary vein），內界為胸壁，外界為背闊肌", "C": "腋下淋巴清除手術的合併症包括疼痛、減少關節活動範圍、淋巴水腫等", "D": "前哨淋巴結切片（sentinel lymph node biopsy）無法避免腋下淋巴結清除手術的合併症，通常用於縮短手術時間"}, "answer": "前哨淋巴結切片（sentinel lymph node biopsy）無法避免腋下淋巴結清除手術的合併症，通常用於縮短手術時間", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一糖尿病中年婦女，突然頭部劇痛、左眼瞼下垂、複視、瞳孔放大，來急診求治，神智清楚，腦部電腦斷層如附圖，下列處置何者最恰當？", "options": {"A": "住院，馬上安排腦部血管攝影", "B": "抽血密切注意血糖的變化", "C": "住院，檢\t是否有重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis）", "D": "安排腦部核磁共振，再決定是否要住院"}, "answer": "住院，馬上安排腦部血管攝影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "張太太的女兒現年 10 歲，自上學期中就開始經常口渴，有消瘦現象。有一天昏倒送醫之後，診斷得到第一型糖尿病，胰臟之β（beta）細胞破壞嚴重，缺乏胰島素，血糖過高。這個疾病的成因為何？", "options": {"A": "感染症破壞胰臟腺體，引起胰臟功能過高 \t", "B": "攝取糖份過多，引起胰臟功能衰竭", "C": "產生自體免疫反應 T 細胞，破壞胰臟β（beta）細胞所致的自體免疫疾病", "D": "電解質代謝失常，引起胰臟功能衰竭"}, "answer": "產生自體免疫反應 T 細胞，破壞胰臟β（beta）細胞所致的自體免疫疾病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "蛋白質最常經下列何種轉譯後修飾（post-translational modification），再送到溶酶體（lysosome）？", "options": {"A": "糖基化（glycosylation）", "B": "磷酸化 （phosphorylation）", "C": "蘇素化（sumoylation）", "D": "乙醯化（acetylation）"}, "answer": "糖基化（glycosylation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲 AIDS 患者，主訴為大腿內側突然出現數顆 2-4 mm 的丘疹，其中心具有 umbilication 的現象。其皮膚切片如圖示，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "尋常疣（verruca vulgaris） \t", "B": "扁平疣（verruca plana）", "C": "傳染性軟疣（molluscum contagiosum） \t", "D": "尖端濕疣（condyloma acuminata）"}, "answer": "傳染性軟疣（molluscum contagiosum） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "1 一位五十歲病患術後小便減少，其小便的鈉離子低於 20 mOs/L，小便和血漿的 creatinine 比值大於 40 ，則小便減少的原因是何種的問題？ \n", "options": {"A": "Prerenal", "B": "Renal", "C": "Postrenal", "D": "不一定"}, "answer": "Prerenal", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，檢查結果最可能合併的畸形為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Down syndrome", "B": "Trisomy 13", "C": "Trisomy 18", "D": "Neural tube defect"}, "answer": "Neural tube defect", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "患者長期服用抗癲癇藥物時，下列何種情況最不需要做血中藥物濃度監測？", "options": {"A": "懷疑病人服藥不確實", "B": "癲癇發作呈現重積狀態", "C": "病人本身有肝腎疾病", "D": "合併使用無交互作用之藥物"}, "answer": "合併使用無交互作用之藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "75.⼀位46歲男性，胸部遭攻擊造成⾎胸合併休克，胸管引流出700 ml⾎液後，⾎壓為118/82 mmHg，⼼跳90 \t下/分，幾分\t後⾎壓下降為84/62 mmHg，⼼跳126下/分，下列處置何者最優先？\n", "options": {"A": "立即氣管插管", "B": "緊急開胸", "C": "立即輸⾎", "D": "重新評估病⼈"}, "answer": "重新評估病⼈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在光學顯微鏡下觀察下列何種型式的血管，其內彈性板（internal elastic lamina）最明顯且呈波浪狀？", "options": {"A": "彈性動脈（elastic artery）", "B": "肌性動脈（muscular artery） \t", "C": "微血管（capillary） \t", "D": "小靜脈（venule）"}, "answer": "肌性動脈（muscular artery） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一鼻咽癌病患抱怨雙側手臂與大腿疼痛，下列何者是最適當的檢查工具？", "options": {"A": "超音波", "B": "電腦斷層掃描", "C": "核磁共振造影", "D": "同位素骨骼掃描"}, "answer": "同位素骨骼掃描", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 82 歲的骨癌末期併肺部移轉的病人在安寧病房中，並已簽署 DNR，主訴呼吸困難，下列何者是最不適宜的處置？", "options": {"A": "安排胸部電腦斷層攝影檢查", "B": "給予 lorazepam", "C": "給予氧氣治療 \t", "D": "給予 codeine"}, "answer": "安排胸部電腦斷層攝影檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關使用心臟節律器（pacemaker）的病人，進行麻醉前評估與準備之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "進行非心臟常規手術前，應重新檢查心臟節律器的功能", "B": "置放磁鐵於麻醉中的病人之胸前pacemaker上，即可完全避免術中電燒的干擾與危害", "C": "術中應關閉心電圖監視器上filter的功能，以免偵測不到節律放電波形（pacing spikes）", "D": "術中除使用心電圖監視器外，應配合使用脈動式血氧飽和監測儀（pulse oximetry）"}, "answer": "置放磁鐵於麻醉中的病人之胸前pacemaker上，即可完全避免術中電燒的干擾與危害", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關腦部偽腫瘤（pseudotumor cerebri）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常伴隨腦室變大", "B": "腦壓增高，作腰椎穿刺壓力往往超過200 mmH2O", "C": "會有視乳突水腫（papilledema）", "D": "內科治療以類固醇及利尿劑為主"}, "answer": "常伴隨腦室變大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列關於功能性腸胃道疾患（functional gastrointestinal disorders）敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "具有腸胃道收縮異常以及功能性食道症狀的病人經常合併有精神疾病", "B": "焦慮症為功能性腸胃道疾患常見的精神科共病", "C": "在與功能性腸胃道疾患共病的焦慮疾患中，創傷後壓力症候群（posttraumatic stress disorder）是最常出現的", "D": "恐慌發作的症狀亦包含了腸胃道症狀"}, "answer": "在與功能性腸胃道疾患共病的焦慮疾患中，創傷後壓力症候群（posttraumatic stress disorder）是最常出現的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "病理診斷狂⽝病（Rabies）的最主要依據是觀察到：", "options": {"A": "Lewy body", "B": "Kuru plaque", "C": "Negri body", "D": "Stress granules"}, "answer": "Negri body", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "20 歲孕婦，G1P0，妊娠 31 週，主訴：頭痛，視力模糊有一天之久。血壓 200/140 mmHg，下肢水腫（+++），蛋白尿（++++），深部肌腱反射（+++），GOT 上升，血小板下降，有溶血現象。請問最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "肝昏迷", "B": "腎衰竭", "C": "子癇症", "D": "HELLP 症候群"}, "answer": "HELLP 症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "結膜的杯狀細胞（goblet cells），可以分泌淚液的那一種成分？", "options": {"A": "脂肪（lipid） \t", "B": "水（aqueous）", "C": "黏液（mucin） \t", "D": "電解質（electrolytes）"}, "answer": "黏液（mucin） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位病人因為單純性闌尾炎（simple appendicitis）接受闌尾切除術，術中並無腸內容物外漏，屬於下列何種手術傷口分類？", "options": {"A": "clean", "B": "clean-contaminated", "C": "contaminated", "D": "dirty and infected"}, "answer": "clean-contaminated", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關於hiatal hernia之描述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "sliding hiatal hernia（type I）常伴隨胃酸逆流之症狀", "B": "paraesophageal hiatal hernia指的是腹部的大腸、小腸等herniation to the chest", "C": "paraesophageal hiatal hernia與sliding hiatal hernia是不同的兩種情形，不會同時出現", "D": "絕大部分的sliding hiatal hernia須接受手術治療"}, "answer": "sliding hiatal hernia（type I）常伴隨胃酸逆流之症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "張小弟目前是小學六年級學生，大約 3 年前開始，他會不自主的皺眉頭、眼睛亂飄、扮鬼臉以及發出聲音等動作，因此常常被老師糾正。最近更加上時常口出穢語，自己無法控制。除此之外，身體理學以及神經學檢查正常，也沒有慢性疾病。下列臨床診斷何者最有可能？", "options": {"A": "過動兒（hyperkinetic child）", "B": "全肌張力不全症（generalized dystonia）", "C": "妥瑞氏症（Tourette's disorder）", "D": "亨丁頓氏舞蹈症（Huntington's chorea）"}, "answer": "妥瑞氏症（Tourette's disorder）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "造成攝護腺手術中併發 TURP 症候群之可能原因，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "循環體液過多", "B": "水中毒", "C": "沖洗液內溶物毒性", "D": "失血過多"}, "answer": "失血過多", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "電腦斷層檢查發現廣泛頭骨增厚（diffuse skull thickening），下列何者最不會發生？", "options": {"A": "肢端肥大症（acromegaly）", "B": "地中海型貧血（thalassemia）", "C": "水腦症（hydrocephalus）", "D": "小腦症（microcephaly）"}, "answer": "水腦症（hydrocephalus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "免疫系統能夠偵查出腫瘤細胞的存在，並且盡力消滅它。免疫系統與腫瘤互動的階段依先後次序為何？", "options": {"A": "逃避期（escape phase）→平衡期（equilibrium phase）→腫瘤之免疫調節期（immunoediting）", "B": "逃避期→消滅期（elimination phase）→平衡期", "C": "平衡期→逃避期→消滅期", "D": "消滅期→平衡期→逃避期"}, "answer": "消滅期→平衡期→逃避期", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "與醫療資源耗用和配置較有關係的健康指標為何？", "options": {"A": "疾病盛行率", "B": "疾病發生率", "C": "有效接觸率", "D": "平均餘命"}, "answer": "疾病盛行率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當一個病人被診斷出有右側的輸尿管結石合併右腎積水，同時又有左側腎結石但無左腎積水；你覺得下列敘述中何者是最適當的治療步驟？", "options": {"A": "先將左腎結石用體外震波碎石術來治療，等結石廓清後再處理右側輸尿管結石", "B": "同時為兩側的結石施行體外震波碎石術治療", "C": "先以體外震波碎石術或輸尿管鏡碎石術來治療右側的輸尿管結石，等結石廓清、腎積水消除後再處理左腎結石", "D": "先將右側輸尿管結石推回腎臟，再施予兩側的體外震波碎石術治療"}, "answer": "先以體外震波碎石術或輸尿管鏡碎石術來治療右側的輸尿管結石，等結石廓清、腎積水消除後再處理左腎結石", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲男性糖尿病病患發生水腫及蛋白尿超過每日 6 克，該病患合併增生性視網膜病變，下列何種處置不需立即執行？", "options": {"A": "利尿劑", "B": "腎臟組織切片", "C": "限鹽飲食", "D": "血管張力素接受體阻斷劑（angiotensin receptor blocker）"}, "answer": "腎臟組織切片", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Sulfonylureas類治療糖尿病藥物的主要作用機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "抑制胰島素被肝臟代謝分解", "B": "促進胰島素的生合成及敏感性", "C": "增加細胞的胰島素受體數目", "D": "促進胰島素的分泌"}, "answer": "促進胰島素的分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "兒童嚴重型再生不良性貧血的治療選項中，下列何種治療方式之治癒率較高？", "options": {"A": "放射治療", "B": "化療", "C": "輸血", "D": "血液幹細胞移植"}, "answer": "血液幹細胞移植", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種血漿蛋白不是以肝臟為主要的製造場所？", "options": {"A": "白蛋白（albumin） \t", "B": "β 球蛋白（β-globulin）", "C": "γ 球蛋白（γ-globulin）", "D": "纖維蛋白原（fibrinogen）"}, "answer": "γ 球蛋白（γ-globulin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位腦中風（stroke）患者，其身體檢查發現有一側肢體的軀體感覺（somatosensory）功能缺損，而肌力（muscle power）正常。腦中風病灶最有可能位於：", "options": {"A": "大腦額葉（frontal lobe）", "B": "大腦顳葉（temporal lobe）", "C": "視丘（thalamus） \t", "D": "大腦枕葉（occipital lobe）"}, "answer": "視丘（thalamus） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關急性呼吸窘迫症（acute respiratory distress syndrome；ARDS）病人的臨床處理原則的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在 ARDS 病人使用較高的呼吸末期正壓（positive end-expiratory pressure，PEEP）提升血氧的臨床策略，目前已經確認為最適當壓力與方法，可有效改善 ARDS 病人死亡率", "B": "趴姿（prone position）可以有效改善 ARDS 病人血氧，但沒有影響死亡率", "C": "趴姿（prone position）目前建議應用在持續血氧過低 ARDS 病人", "D": "使用吸入性一氧化氮（Inhaled NO）目前可以應用在持續血氧過低 ARDS 病人，但對於死亡率沒有影響 9 下列關於中心視網膜動脈阻塞（central retinal artery occlusion）之敘述，何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "在 ARDS 病人使用較高的呼吸末期正壓（positive end-expiratory pressure，PEEP）提升血氧的臨床策略，目前已經確認為最適當壓力與方法，可有效改善 ARDS 病人死亡率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關檢查脊髓受傷病患之敘述，下列何者錯誤?", "options": {"A": "患者若上、下肢完全麻痺，但腦神經系統正常，通常表示頸椎受傷", "B": "患者僅下肢麻痺，上肢肌力正常，可完全排除頸椎受傷", "C": "患者於外傷後 48～72 小時內還能保留肢體運動或感覺，通常表示有較佳之預後", "D": "對任何脊椎受傷之患者，首要考量為不可任意移動頸部"}, "answer": "患者僅下肢麻痺，上肢肌力正常，可完全排除頸椎受傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "使用下類那一種治療巴金森氏症藥物時，尿液及唾液經常會呈現褐色的狀況？", "options": {"A": "selegiline", "B": "levodopa", "C": "amantadine", "D": "bromocriptine"}, "answer": "levodopa", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 15 歲女童主訴過去幾個月有間歇性的發燒、手腕及踝關節痛。尿液檢查發現有血尿（hematuria）、蛋白尿（proteinuria）及膿尿（pyuria）。下列何種檢驗對診斷最有幫助？", "options": {"A": "雙股 DNA（dsDNA）抗體 \t", "B": "喉頭 A 群 beta 溶血性鏈球菌（group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus）培養", "C": "小便培養", "D": "紅血球沈澱速率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate）"}, "answer": "雙股 DNA（dsDNA）抗體 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "第二頸髓完全損傷的患者，需要下列輔具，何者不包括在內？", "options": {"A": "口控電動輪椅", "B": "聲控電腦", "C": "握柄加粗湯匙", "D": "呼吸器"}, "answer": "握柄加粗湯匙", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "35歲男性，家住山上，在颱風之後清掃自家附近水溝，當時注意到有很多死老鼠，一週後因黃疸、茶色尿及發高燒被送到急診，最可能的致病菌是：", "options": {"A": "鉤端螺旋體（Leptospira species）", "B": "腸病毒（enterovirus）", "C": "流感病毒（influenza virus）", "D": "登革熱病毒（dengue virus）"}, "answer": "鉤端螺旋體（Leptospira species）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "腎臟移植手術一個月之內比較少見的感染為何？", "options": {"A": "BK virus（polyoma）", "B": "泌尿道感染 \t", "C": "oral candidiasis \t", "D": "herpesvirus"}, "answer": "BK virus（polyoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物可作為墮胎藥？", "options": {"A": "Alprostadil", "B": "Dinoprostone", "C": "Epoprostenol", "D": "Iloprost"}, "answer": "Dinoprostone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，在治療結束後，病人突然發生單側下肢腫脹，膚色略為暗紅，觸壓時沒有凹陷（non-pitting），無局部發熱現象，病人並無凝血功能異常也無栓塞的紀錄，則下列診斷及治療何者較正確？", "options": {"A": "下肢靜脈栓塞，給予抗凝血劑 heparin", "B": "下肢水腫，給予利尿劑", "C": "Trousseau's syndrome，給予抗凝血劑及抗癌藥物", "D": "下肢靜脈栓塞，給予血栓溶解劑 recombinant tissue plasminogen activator"}, "answer": "Trousseau's syndrome，給予抗凝血劑及抗癌藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種症狀不是由克沙奇 A 型病毒（Coxsackie A virus）所引起的？", "options": {"A": "疹性咽峽炎（herpangina）", "B": "心臟炎（carditis）", "C": "胸膜痛（pleurodynia）", "D": "腦膜炎（meningitis）"}, "answer": "胸膜痛（pleurodynia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "76.7歲男童因突發性高燒、吞嚥困難就醫，在對比劑注射後，接受電腦斷層掃描檢查如圖示，箭號所指病灶最可能診斷為何？  ", "options": {"A": "扁桃腺炎", "B": "咽喉後膿瘍", "C": "咽喉癌", "D": "甲狀腺水囊"}, "answer": "咽喉後膿瘍", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病引起的低血鈉（hyponatremia）與血液稀釋無關？", "options": {"A": "肝硬化（liver cirrhosis）", "B": "鬱血性心臟衰竭（congestive heart failure）", "C": "抗利尿激素不適當分泌症候群（syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion）", "D": "腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素不適當分泌症候群（syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，上述診斷之最佳手術治療方法為：", "options": {"A": "蒼白球切開術（pallidotomy）或燒灼術", "B": "視丘刺激術（thalamic stimulation）", "C": "下視丘刺激術（subthalamic stimulation）", "D": "大腦皮質刺激術（cortical stimulation）"}, "answer": "下視丘刺激術（subthalamic stimulation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關Clostridium difficile及其導致之腹瀉疾病之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "健康新生兒無症狀腸道帶菌（asymptomatic fecal carriage）並不罕見", "B": "通常為醫療照護相關之感染", "C": "抗微生物製劑的使用是誘發本疾病的主因", "D": "治療後的復發率（recurrence rate）常低於5%"}, "answer": "治療後的復發率（recurrence rate）常低於5%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "利用視網膜雷射（laser photocoagulation）治療糖尿病視網膜病變的功效，不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "可防止微血管瘤（microaneurysms）之發生", "B": "可促使視網膜新生血管（neovascularization）之消退", "C": "可減緩牽引型視網膜剝離（tractional retinal detachment）之惡化", "D": "可減少玻璃體出血（vitreous hemorrhage）之機會"}, "answer": "可防止微血管瘤（microaneurysms）之發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "21歲男性因上頸部硬塊求診，接受對比劑注射後的電腦斷層掃描如圖⽰，則最可能診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "⿐咽癌", "B": "淋巴管瘤", "C": "上呼吸道感染", "D": "深頸部感染症"}, "answer": "⿐咽癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種神經肌肉阻斷劑的作用是直接抑制骨骼肌細胞內鈣離子自肌漿網釋出而使骨骼肌鬆弛？", "options": {"A": "Baclofen", "B": "Dantrolene", "C": "Pancuronium", "D": "Atracurium"}, "answer": "Dantrolene", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病是性聯遺傳（sex-linked recessive）？", "options": {"A": "肢帶型肌肉失養症（limb-girdle muscular dystrophy）", "B": "肌強直症（myotonic dystrophy）", "C": "裘馨氏肌肉失養症（Duchenne muscular dystrophy）", "D": "低鉀週期性麻痺（hypokalemic periodic paralysis）"}, "answer": "裘馨氏肌肉失養症（Duchenne muscular dystrophy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 Framingham Heart Study 用來估算心血管疾病十年風險的指標？", "options": {"A": "總膽固醇 \t", "B": "高密度脂蛋白膽固醇值（HDL）", "C": "舒張壓 \t", "D": "抽菸習慣"}, "answer": "舒張壓 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種降血壓藥物的作用機轉是經由 NO-cGMP pathway？", "options": {"A": "Verapamil", "B": "Trimethaphan", "C": "Diazoxide", "D": "Nitroprusside"}, "answer": "Nitroprusside", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一硬腦膜靜脈竇（dural venous sinuses）的血液直接注入內頸靜脈（internal jugular vein）？", "options": {"A": "乙狀竇（sigmoid sinus）", "B": "上岩竇（superior petrosal sinus）", "C": "橫竇（transverse sinus）", "D": "枕竇（occipital sinus）"}, "answer": "乙狀竇（sigmoid sinus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於眼瞼惡性腫瘤的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "基底細胞癌（basal cell carcinoma）發⽣率最⾼", "B": "鱗狀細胞癌（squamous cell carcinoma）⼀般預後較基底細胞癌差", "C": "⽪脂腺癌（sebaceous gland carcinoma）臨床上易被誤診為慢性眼瞼炎或霰粒腫（chalazion）", "D": "⽪脂腺癌⼀般好發在下眼瞼"}, "answer": "⽪脂腺癌⼀般好發在下眼瞼", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關出血性腦中風之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "不正常之腦內血管可以造成出血性腦中風 \t", "B": "不正常之血液凝集功能可以造成出血性腦中風", "C": "出血性腦中風亦可發生於年輕人", "D": "高血壓所導致之出血性腦中風最常發生於頂葉之大腦皮質"}, "answer": "高血壓所導致之出血性腦中風最常發生於頂葉之大腦皮質", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "45.某勞工於甲、乙、丙場所分別工作2.5、3、2.5小時，若其甲苯濃度分別為40、150、20 ppm，其時量平均濃度 （TWA）為何？\n", "options": {"A": "70 ppm", "B": "74 ppm", "C": "75 ppm", "D": "80 ppm"}, "answer": "75 ppm", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 21 歲男性患者，因胸痛及呼吸困難前來就診，胸部 X 光片如圖所示，下列何種處置最為適當？", "options": {"A": "即時給予抗生素治療", "B": "給予支氣管擴張劑吸入治療", "C": "插胸管引流 \t", "D": "給予氧氣治療，並觀察病情"}, "answer": "插胸管引流 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關決定能力，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "一個人可能有能力決定住處的選擇，卻沒有能力決定接受何種治療", "B": "根據「安寧緩和醫療條例」，末期病人意識昏迷或無法清楚表達意願時，由醫護人員根據病患最大利益進行代理", "C": "「病患自主」和「尊重人格」的倫理原則要求讓有決定能力的人對醫療行使知情同意", "D": "一個人可能因為精神錯亂而暫時失去決定能力，但之後又恢復這能力"}, "answer": "根據「安寧緩和醫療條例」，末期病人意識昏迷或無法清楚表達意願時，由醫護人員根據病患最大利益進行代理", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "法洛氏四合症（Tetralogy of Fallot）完全矯正後，長期追蹤若有嚴重的肺動脈瓣逆流，右心室擴大，及右心室功能失效，此時最好的處理方式為何？", "options": {"A": "心房中隔造口（creation of atrial septal defect）", "B": "肺動脈瓣置換", "C": "三尖瓣置換 \t", "D": "使用降肺高壓藥物"}, "answer": "肺動脈瓣置換", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是愛滋病毒（human immunodeficiency virus）傳播的方式？", "options": {"A": "性行為未全程使用保險套", "B": "共用針頭施打毒品", "C": "共用餐具 \t", "D": "被愛滋病毒感染的母親哺餵母乳"}, "answer": "共用餐具 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "16.3歲男童，因為咽喉疼痛伴隨吞嚥與呼吸困難送至急診室，經醫師檢查，發現他在每次吸氣時都出現明顯阻塞 的聲音，側頸X光（lateral neck x-ray）報告顯示會厭軟骨腫脹（swollen epiglottis），此最有可能是下列何種細菌感染所造成？ \n", "options": {"A": "b型流感嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae type b）", "B": "無乳鏈球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）", "C": "奈瑟氏腦膜炎球菌（Neisseria meningitidis）", "D": "單核球增多性李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes）"}, "answer": "b型流感嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae type b）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "大部份血管瘤（hemangioma）在多少歲開始退化？", "options": {"A": "1個月", "B": "3～6個月", "C": "6～9個月", "D": "12～18個月"}, "answer": "12～18個月", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "19 一位 40 歲男性，曾經因肝功能異常接受血液檢查，被告知結果為 anti-HDV 呈現陽性反應，這位病人最可能當時還有以下何種病毒感染？（HDV 表示 D 型肝炎病毒） ", "options": {"A": "A 型肝炎病毒", "B": "B 型肝炎病毒", "C": "C 型肝炎病毒", "D": "E 型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "B 型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Pyrazinamide 在酸性環境中可有效對抗結核桿菌的活性，故常與其他藥物合併使用以治療結核病患，但該抗生素真正有活性的形式是必須被水解成 pyrazinoic acid。此水解反應需在何器官進行？", "options": {"A": "心臟", "B": "肝臟", "C": "腎臟", "D": "脾臟"}, "answer": "肝臟", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "1歲以上正常小孩應仍保有下列那一種反應或反射？", "options": {"A": "palmar grasp reflex", "B": "parachute reaction", "C": "rooting reflex", "D": "symmetric tonic neck reflex（STNR） 72."}, "answer": "parachute reaction", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關遲發型性腺功能低下症（late onset hypogonadism）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "睪固酮於晚上 8 至 10 點分泌達最高峰", "B": "睪固酮由睪丸內曲細精管內皮細胞分泌", "C": "有臨床症狀時才須治療", "D": "前列腺增生（BPH）病人可以補充睪固酮"}, "answer": "有臨床症狀時才須治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "不產芽孢厭氧菌（non-sporeforming anaerobes）感染人體，最常造成下列那種形式的病變？", "options": {"A": "食物中毒（food poisoning）", "B": "溶血性貧血（hemolytic anemia）", "C": "組織壞死和膿瘍（abscess）", "D": "自體免疫病（autoimmune diseases）"}, "answer": "組織壞死和膿瘍（abscess）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "18 75 歲王先生，因高血壓服藥控制，血壓為 130/70 mmHg。三天前因攝護腺肥大，併服泌尿科開予的 α-blocker，早上起床時發生昏厥（syncope），2 分鐘後自然甦醒。家屬並未發現有尿、糞失禁現象。 病人昏厥最可能的原因為何？ \n", "options": {"A": "姿勢性低血壓（orthostatic hypotension）", "B": "心室顫動（ventricular fibrillation）", "C": "心因性休克（cardiogenic shock）", "D": "癲癇發作（seizure）"}, "answer": "姿勢性低血壓（orthostatic hypotension）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "⼀位61歲男性⻑期使⽤diazepam每天50～60毫克達15年，若立即停⽌服⽤後，下列何者為最正確的描述？", "options": {"A": "⼼搏變慢", "B": "戒斷症狀不會在停⽤5天後才出現", "C": "抽搐發作為較嚴重之戒斷症狀", "D": "戒斷症狀不致於產⽣譫妄"}, "answer": "抽搐發作為較嚴重之戒斷症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "73.15歲車禍傷患主訴左上腹部劇痛，而且逐漸呈現休克狀態。電腦斷層檢查如附圖。箭頭所指之異常最符合下列那一項診斷？  ", "options": {"A": "spleen laceration", "B": "pancreas laceration", "C": "kidney laceration", "D": "diaphragm laceration"}, "answer": "spleen laceration", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "免疫球蛋白重鏈（immunoglobulin heavy chain）基因之胚原序列（germline sequence）可存在於下列那種細胞中？", "options": {"A": "成熟之 B 細胞", "B": "活化之 B 細胞", "C": "漿細胞（plasma cell）", "D": "T 細胞"}, "answer": "T 細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Celiac disease及Crohn's disease是二種腸道發炎疾病，下列有關二者之比較何者正確？", "options": {"A": "前者是對腸內共生菌有強烈發炎反應，後者是因為對麥類食物過敏所引起", "B": "前者可能與NOD-2分子失去功能有關，後者主要與HLA-DQ2分子的表現有關", "C": "IFN-γ所引起的發炎反應，在這二種疾病都扮演重要角色", "D": "利用廣泛性抗生素去掉大部分共生菌，皆可治療這二種疾病"}, "answer": "IFN-γ所引起的發炎反應，在這二種疾病都扮演重要角色", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "77.下列有關單胞絛蟲（Echinococcus granulosus）感染人體的敘述，共有幾項敘述錯誤？①人為終宿主（final host） ②最容易在肌肉形成包生囊（hydatid cyst） ③因誤食未熟帶蟲之牛肉而感染 ④感染後數週即迅速發病 ", "options": {"A": "1項", "B": "2項", "C": "3項", "D": "4項"}, "answer": "4項", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "58 35 歲之女性病人，主訴心悸，容易緊張，體重在半年內減輕 10 公斤。理學檢查發現手易發抖、冒汗。 頸部甲狀腺吞嚥時易見。甲促素（TSH）測不到。下列何者是確定本病例病因之最重要檢查？\n", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺超音波", "B": "甲狀腺碘 131 攝取影像檢查", "C": "細針穿刺細胞學檢查", "D": "頸部斷層攝影"}, "answer": "甲狀腺碘 131 攝取影像檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列口服降血糖藥物中，不會引起體重增加的是那一種？", "options": {"A": "glyburide", "B": "metformin", "C": "pioglitazone", "D": "repaglinide"}, "answer": "metformin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "乳癌最常見轉移部位為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "腦部", "B": "骨骼", "C": "肺部", "D": "肝臟"}, "answer": "骨骼", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "腰椎椎間盤突出，90%發生在那個地方？", "options": {"A": "L1-2 and L2-3", "B": "L2-3 and L3-4", "C": "L3-4 and L4-5", "D": "L4-5 and L5-S1"}, "answer": "L4-5 and L5-S1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "單純以加氯消毒飲用水，對下列那一種病原體效果不佳？", "options": {"A": "梨型鞭毛蟲（Giardia）", "B": "沙門桿菌（Salmonella）", "C": "志賀桿菌（Shigella）", "D": "大腸桿菌（Esherichia Coli）"}, "answer": "梨型鞭毛蟲（Giardia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關白血病（leukemia）各器官病理變化之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "急性骨髓性白血病（acute myeloid leukemia）中單核球分化之亞型較可能浸潤皮膚及其附屬構造", "B": "急性淋巴球性白血病（acute lymphoid leukemia）比急性骨髓性白血病較常見有中樞神經", "C": "綠色瘤（chloroma）多會進展為急性骨髓性白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴球性白血病（chronic lymphoid leukemia）之肝臟浸潤在於肝竇狀隙內"}, "answer": "慢性淋巴球性白血病（chronic lymphoid leukemia）之肝臟浸潤在於肝竇狀隙內", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關心電圖PR間距（PR interval），最不可能代表下列心跳週期的那一部分？", "options": {"A": "心房去極化（atrial depolarization）", "B": "心房再極化（atrial repolarization）", "C": "房室間細胞延遲（atrioventricular delay）", "D": "心室去極化（ventricular depolarization）"}, "answer": "心室去極化（ventricular depolarization）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者非葡萄球菌菌種（Staphylococcus species）所造成的主要疾病？", "options": {"A": "食物中毒（food poisoning）", "B": "膿皰瘡（impetigo）", "C": "皮膚燙傷樣綜合徵狀（scalded skin syndrome）", "D": "胃潰瘍（gastric ulcer）"}, "answer": "胃潰瘍（gastric ulcer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於梅毒的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "梅毒螺旋體（Treponema pallidum）可以利用鏡檢與其他nonvenereal diseases的treponemes做鑑別診斷", "B": "二期梅毒皮疹經治療後，皮疹通常在4~12週後消褪", "C": "二期梅毒皮疹典型發生在chancre出現的3~12週後，但在HIV病患出現的時間可能與chancre有所重疊", "D": "血液專一性treponemal test是監測梅毒治療效果的最佳指標"}, "answer": "二期梅毒皮疹典型發生在chancre出現的3~12週後，但在HIV病患出現的時間可能與chancre有所重疊", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "77 在治療注意力缺損過動疾患（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder）之患者，常使用中樞神經刺激劑 （central stimulants），下列何者不屬此類藥物？ \n", "options": {"A": "Dextroamphetamine \t", "B": "Methylphenidate", "C": "Nortriptyline \t", "D": "Pemoline"}, "answer": "Nortriptyline \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "塵肺病中與惡性間皮瘤（malignant mesothelioma）最相關的物質是：", "options": {"A": "碳", "B": "鉛", "C": "矽", "D": "石綿"}, "answer": "石綿", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那個現象最能顯示 DNA 為遺傳物質？", "options": {"A": "RNA 的生物合成必須以單股 DNA 做為模版 \t", "B": "DNA 的轉化作用（transformation）能改變細菌的表型（phenotype） \t", "C": "DNA 存在於原核生物中 \t", "D": "DNA 存在於所有的真核的細胞核中"}, "answer": "DNA 的轉化作用（transformation）能改變細菌的表型（phenotype） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關抗癲癇藥物oxcarbazepine的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "主要靠其代謝物10-hydroxy-carbazepine（MHD）來產生抗癲癇作用", "B": "其藥理學作用方式與carbamazepine相似，但相對嚴重的副作用較少發生", "C": "其比carbamazepine具有較強的誘發肝臟細胞色素P450活性的作用", "D": "使用oxcarbazepine較carbamazepine容易發生低鈉血症（hyponatremia）"}, "answer": "其比carbamazepine具有較強的誘發肝臟細胞色素P450活性的作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "老化過程中會發生許多生理變化，在 80 歲以上之正常老人，下列何種變化不正確或較罕見？", "options": {"A": "心臟竇房結（sino-atrial node）之節律細胞（pacemaker cells）數量減少可達 90%", "B": "腎素（renin）與腎上腺皮質醛固酮（aldosterone）分泌增加", "C": "約有 50%可在腸道發現憩室（diverticula）", "D": "動脈血氧分壓約 70-75 毫米汞柱 21 \t下列何者在老年病患最不常見？"}, "answer": "腎素（renin）與腎上腺皮質醛固酮（aldosterone）分泌增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者會因小腸中出現酸性食糜而分泌？", "options": {"A": "胃抑素（gastric inhibitory polypeptide）", "B": "胃泌素（gastrin）", "C": "飢餓素（ghrelin） \t", "D": "胰泌素（secretin）"}, "answer": "胰泌素（secretin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於深筋膜（deep fascia）的構造？", "options": {"A": "闊筋膜（fascia lata）", "B": "半月板（meniscus）", "C": "髂脛束（iliotibial tract）", "D": "足底筋膜（plantar aponeurosis）"}, "answer": "半月板（meniscus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "S-D 序列（Shine-Dalgarno sequence）是位於 mRNA 轉譯起點（translation initiation site）上游的 AG 豐富序列（AG rich sequence），其功能為何？", "options": {"A": "可與 23S 核糖體 RNA（ribosomal RNA）的 3'端序列結合，使 mRNA 上的啟動子區域（promoter region）作正確排列以利轉譯表現的進行 \t", "B": "可與 16S 核糖體 RNA 的 3'端序列結合，使 mRNA 上的啟動子區域作正確排列以利轉譯表現的進行", "C": "可與 23S 核糖體 RNA 的 3'端序列結合，使 mRNA 的轉譯起點作正確排列以利轉譯表現的進行", "D": "可與 16S 核糖體 RNA 的 3'端序列結合，使 mRNA 的轉譯起點作正確排列以利轉譯表現的進行"}, "answer": "可與 16S 核糖體 RNA 的 3'端序列結合，使 mRNA 的轉譯起點作正確排列以利轉譯表現的進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "34.以下有關hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer（HNPCC；或稱Lynch's syndrome）常見的臨床病理及基因分子 變異，何者錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "HNPCC大腸直腸癌患者診斷的中位年齡，較其他一般民眾大腸直腸癌診斷的中位年齡來得較年長", "B": "HNPCC患者的家屬也好發卵巢癌、子宮內膜癌或其他的腸胃道癌症", "C": "HNPCC與germline mutations of hMSH2或hMLH1相關", "D": "hMSH2或hMLH1之基因變異將導致細胞內DNA mismatch repair機制的缺損"}, "answer": "HNPCC大腸直腸癌患者診斷的中位年齡，較其他一般民眾大腸直腸癌診斷的中位年齡來得較年長", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是腹膜（peritoneum）的衍生物？", "options": {"A": "闊韌帶", "B": "卵巢繫膜", "C": "卵巢韌帶", "D": "輸卵管繫膜"}, "answer": "卵巢韌帶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關溺水病人之急救，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "最重要的病理性結果是缺氧 \t", "B": "應儘早清除呼吸道的水分，儘速實施哈姆立克急救", "C": "應使用提下巴法打開呼吸道，且常規使用頸圈於每位溺水病患", "D": "急救溺水的病人，應從水中就開始做 CPR，然後一面游向岸邊"}, "answer": "最重要的病理性結果是缺氧 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "抑制單純疹病毒之藥物 acyclovir，其標的為何？", "options": {"A": "直接破壞病毒的組成，造成病毒結構解離 \t", "B": "阻止病毒從寄主細胞中釋放出來", "C": "病毒胸腺激酶（thymidine kinase） \t", "D": "抑制病毒 RNA 合成酶（RNA polymerase）的作用"}, "answer": "病毒胸腺激酶（thymidine kinase） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列甲狀腺結節（thyroid nodule）的檢查，應不優先考慮何者？", "options": {"A": "超音波及細針穿刺細胞檢查", "B": "胸骨下甲狀腺瘤作CT或 MRI", "C": "正子攝影檢查", "D": "甲狀腺核醫掃描（scanning）用於濾泡瘤且甲狀腺刺激素（TSH）低者"}, "answer": "正子攝影檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "比較第一型和第二型骨骼肌纖維時，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "第一型纖維的粒線體含量較豐富", "B": "第一型纖維較易疲乏", "C": "第一型纖維的肌球蛋白含量較豐富", "D": "第一型纖維的微血管含量較豐富"}, "answer": "第一型纖維較易疲乏", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "這位病人可能是因下列何構造被血塊擠壓，進而壓迫腦幹而引起上述症狀？", "options": {"A": "小腦扁桃體（cerebellar tonsil）", "B": "鉤（uncus）", "C": "胼胝體（corpus callosum）", "D": "下視丘（hypothalamus）"}, "answer": "鉤（uncus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "78 一位 72 歲男性在周邊血液出現有核紅血球。病人之直接及間接抗球蛋白測試（direct and indirect  Coombs test）均為陰性。下列何者為最可能之原因？ \n", "options": {"A": "癌症骨髓轉移", "B": "慢性酒精中毒", "C": "腸胃吸收不良", "D": "慢性失血"}, "answer": "癌症骨髓轉移", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "23 一位 15 歲女孩來到門診，主訴發燒 3 週、體重減輕、全身倦怠，身體診查發現雙側臉頰紅斑。在懷疑 systemic lupus erythematosus 情形下，下列何種檢查結果符合美國風濕病學院（ACR）公布的十一 項診斷準則之一？ \n", "options": {"A": "淋巴球 2200/mm3 \t", "B": "24 小時肌酐廓清率（creatinine clearance rate）45 ml/min/1.73 m2", "C": "positive anticardiolipin IgG and IgM", "D": "補體 C3：60 mg/dL, C4：9.87 mg/dL"}, "answer": "positive anticardiolipin IgG and IgM", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列對於「脾臟之紅髓（red pulp）」的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "由淋巴小結（lymphatic nodule）組成", "B": "位於皮質區", "C": "富含血液 \t", "D": "主要功能是過濾淋巴液"}, "answer": "富含血液 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "病人發生代謝性酸血症（Metabolic acidosis）合併下列何種臨床情境，則可能為Inborn errors of metabolism 的機率最高？", "options": {"A": "3週大新生兒，一直嘔吐、無法進食、活力差。血液Anion gap與Lactic acid增加；尿液Ketones 4+", "B": "10個月大男嬰持續腹瀉3天。血液呈現氯高而Anion gap正常", "C": "3歲大男童高燒5天且食慾差。血液白血球增高", "D": "8歲女童多吃、多喝、多尿但體重下降。血糖410 mg/dL，血液呈現Anion gap增加"}, "answer": "3週大新生兒，一直嘔吐、無法進食、活力差。血液Anion gap與Lactic acid增加；尿液Ketones 4+", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "45歲孕婦，G5P4，妊娠週數不明，接受產科超音波檢查，正在測量標的的名稱（雙十\t之間）為何？", "options": {"A": "BPD（biparietal diameter）", "B": "AC（abdominal circumference）", "C": "FL（femur length）", "D": "NT（nuchal translucency）"}, "answer": "FL（femur length）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "⼤部分⼈體內成熟T細胞上之TCR為α-chain及β-chain所組成，故稱為αβ T cells。當比對TCR α-chain及βchain的DNA序列時，發現β-chain比α-chain多出了下列何種基因片段？", "options": {"A": "V", "B": "D", "C": "J", "D": "C"}, "answer": "D", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者直接位於子宮的後方？", "options": {"A": "卵巢", "B": "膀胱", "C": "直腸", "D": "輸卵管"}, "answer": "輸卵管", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "65 下列何者為心臟復健的目的？①治療心臟病 ②增進心臟功能 ③減少殘障發生 ④找出並改善危 險因子\n", "options": {"A": "只有①和②", "B": "只有③和④", "C": "只有①②③", "D": "①②③④"}, "answer": "①②③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關房水（aqueous humour）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "房水是血漿在睫狀體（cilicary body）處分泌（secretion）形成", "B": "大約90%的房水經小樑網（trabecular meshwork）排出眼睛", "C": "大約10%的房水經葡萄膜鞏膜路徑（uveoscleral route）排出眼睛", "D": "房水在前房形成，經瞳孔，流入後房排出"}, "answer": "房水在前房形成，經瞳孔，流入後房排出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "α-胺基酸中的胺基（-NH2）與羧基（-COOH），其 pKa 值分別為 10 和 2，當 pH 接近中性時，胺基會接受一個質子（proton），而羧基則失去一個質子，這種狀態或現象稱為：", "options": {"A": "異構現象（isomerization）", "B": "中和現象（neutralization）", "C": "兩性離子（zwitterions）", "D": "立體異構現象（stereoisomerization）"}, "answer": "兩性離子（zwitterions）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於兒童失神癲癇 （childhood absence epilepsy）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "好發於1至3歲", "B": "常伴有智力損傷或神經學檢查異常", "C": "每秒4到6次的棘波-慢波複合波（4-to 6-Hz spike-and-wave complexes）為其特徵性之腦電圖（EEG）表現", "D": "屬於良性的原發性全面性癲癇（idiopathic generalized epilepsy）之一"}, "answer": "屬於良性的原發性全面性癲癇（idiopathic generalized epilepsy）之一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "鐵硫蛋白（iron-sulfur protein）為一種電子傳遞蛋白質，下列相關敘述何者不正確？", "options": {"A": "屬於 non-heme iron protein", "B": "其鐵硫簇（iron-sulfur cluster）的配體（ligand）大多是 cysteine", "C": "Rieske protein 屬於此類的蛋白", "D": "有 3Fe-3S cluster"}, "answer": "有 3Fe-3S cluster", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是食道異物（esophageal foreign body）最容易卡住的部位？", "options": {"A": "環咽括約肌（cricopharyngeal sphincter）狹窄區", "B": "主動脈跨過食道造成狹窄區", "C": "食道中三分之一處", "D": "下食道括約肌（lower esophageal sphincter）狹窄區"}, "answer": "環咽括約肌（cricopharyngeal sphincter）狹窄區", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "73.13歲女性病患，月經未來且下腹痛，故接受電腦斷層檢查，結果如下圖。其最有可能的診斷為何？  ", "options": {"A": "子宮肌瘤（uterine myoma）", "B": "子宮內膜癌（endometrial cancer）", "C": "輸卵管卵巢膿瘍（tubo-ovarian abscess）", "D": "子宮融合異常合併處女膜未穿孔（uterine fusion abnormality with imperforated hymen）"}, "answer": "子宮融合異常合併處女膜未穿孔（uterine fusion abnormality with imperforated hymen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關肝醣合成酶（glycogen synthase）參與肝醣合成之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "此酵素被磷酸化後可被活化", "B": "此酵素只存在於肝臟", "C": "利⽤glucose-6-phosphate做為葡萄糖單元的供給者", "D": "將葡萄糖殘基以（α1→4）鍵結⾄肝醣鏈（glycogen chain）之非還原端"}, "answer": "將葡萄糖殘基以（α1→4）鍵結⾄肝醣鏈（glycogen chain）之非還原端", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "處理急性胸痛病患時，下列何項應為第一優先執行？", "options": {"A": "呼吸、脈搏、血壓", "B": "病史", "C": "身體檢查", "D": "心電圖"}, "answer": "呼吸、脈搏、血壓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "48 如圖示，未施打顯影劑之電腦斷層橫切面影像，於右大腦半球額頂葉處，有一大範圍之低密度病灶 ，並使中線構造左移，最可能的診斷為下列何者？ \n", "options": {"A": "腦炎（encephalitis）", "B": "腦梗塞（cerebral infarct）", "C": "腦挫傷（brain contusion）", "D": "腦瘤（brain tumor）"}, "answer": "腦梗塞（cerebral infarct）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一項不是影響子宮內膜癌的不良預後因子？", "options": {"A": "深部子宮肌肉層侵襲", "B": "grade 3 腫瘤", "C": "年輕", "D": "淋巴血管空間侵襲（lymph-vascular space invasion）"}, "answer": "年輕", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "依照衛生福利部國民健康署的乳癌篩檢建議，健康年齡 55 歲的停經女性，定期追蹤項目為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "每半年執行乳房超音波檢查", "B": "每年乳房 X 光攝影", "C": "每一年乳房超音波檢查", "D": "每兩年乳房 X 光攝影"}, "answer": "每兩年乳房 X 光攝影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "治療慢性腎病（chronic kidney disease）合併之高血壓時，首選藥物為：", "options": {"A": "利尿劑（diuretics）", "B": "鈣離子阻斷劑（calcium channel blockers）", "C": "β-阻斷劑（β-blockers）", "D": "血管張力素轉化酶阻斷劑（angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors）或血管張力素接受器阻斷劑（angiotensin receptor blockers）"}, "answer": "血管張力素轉化酶阻斷劑（angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors）或血管張力素接受器阻斷劑（angiotensin receptor blockers）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "急性膽管炎指的是膽道系統細菌性感染，臨床症狀從輕微自癒到危及生命都有可能，何者非Charcot's  triad？", "options": {"A": "發燒（fever）", "B": "黃疸（jaundice）", "C": "腹痛（abdominal pain）", "D": "意識譫妄（delirium）"}, "answer": "意識譫妄（delirium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於腎小管對於腎小球過濾液中鈉離子再吸收的描述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "60%腎小球過濾液中的鈉離子在近曲小管被再吸收", "B": "亨氏管上行段粗枝的基底外側細胞膜會利用鈉-鉀-氯協同轉運蛋白（Na-K-2Cl cotransporter）再吸收 30%腎小球過濾液中的鈉離子", "C": "遠曲小管（distal convoluted tubule）會利用頂膜（apical membrane）的鈉-氯協同轉運蛋白（Na-Cl cotransporter）再吸收 7%腎小球過濾液中的鈉離子", "D": "集尿管（collecting duct）會利用頂膜的上皮鈉離子通道（epithelial sodium channel）再吸收 3%腎小球過濾液中的鈉離子"}, "answer": "亨氏管上行段粗枝的基底外側細胞膜會利用鈉-鉀-氯協同轉運蛋白（Na-K-2Cl cotransporter）再吸收 30%腎小球過濾液中的鈉離子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一個胺基酸可以代謝成α-ketoglutarate，然後進入 citric acid cycle？", "options": {"A": "Glycine", "B": "Proline", "C": "Alanine", "D": "Tyrosine"}, "answer": "Proline", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "神經傳遞中下列那一項可能最直接促使神經末梢之乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）釋放？", "options": {"A": "電壓門控鈉離子通道（voltage-gated sodium ion channel）打開", "B": "電壓門控鉀離子通道（voltage-gated potassium ion channel）打開", "C": "電壓門控鈣離子通道（voltage-gated calcium ion channel）打開", "D": "電壓門控鎂離子通道（voltage-gated magnesium ion channel）打開 50 請指出何者不是核糖核酸（ribonucleic acid, RNA）的特性？"}, "answer": "電壓門控鈣離子通道（voltage-gated calcium ion channel）打開", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "根據世界醫學會所制定的赫爾辛基宣言（Declaration of Helsinki），對兼顧醫療照護的醫學研究，下列建議何者最為適當？", "options": {"A": "應清楚區分醫療照護與醫學研究，以避免責任不清，確保病患權益", "B": "研究是提升醫療照護水準所必需，因此在教學醫院，所有的醫療照護都應包含某種程度之醫學研究", "C": "醫師可以結合醫學研究與醫療照護，但此情況僅止於此研究有潛在的預防、診斷或治療的價值", "D": "無相關建議"}, "answer": "醫師可以結合醫學研究與醫療照護，但此情況僅止於此研究有潛在的預防、診斷或治療的價值", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "如果以員工「對工作的自主控制」（control）及「工作負荷」（demand）來分類，以下何種組合的職業壓力最高？", "options": {"A": "高控制、高負荷", "B": "高控制、低負荷", "C": "低控制、低負荷", "D": "低控制、高負荷"}, "answer": "低控制、高負荷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "甲狀腺上皮細胞內將碘化甲狀腺球蛋白（iodinated thyroglobulin）分解成甲狀腺素的胞器是：", "options": {"A": "溶酶體（lysosomes）", "B": "過氧化酶體（peroxisomes）", "C": "粒線體（mitochondria）", "D": "高爾基氏體（Golgi complex）"}, "answer": "溶酶體（lysosomes）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "22 一位 16 歲男性，體檢時發現胸部 X 光肺動脈血管陰影擴大，心臟大小正常，理學檢查聽診在左邊第 肋間有 2/6 度收縮期心雜音，第 2 心音呈固定分裂音（fixed splitting），則最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "肺動脈瓣狹窄", "B": "主動脈瓣狹窄", "C": "心室中隔缺損", "D": "心房中隔缺損"}, "answer": "心房中隔缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "77.一位56歲女性，由美國紐約返回臺北的飛機途中發生暈厥（syncope），下了飛機後因呼吸不順至急診就 診，她以前不曾發生類似狀況，平常亦無特殊疾病，身體檢查發現血壓120/70 mmHg，心跳126次/分，呼吸 28次/分，體溫37.2℃，呼吸音及心音皆正常，四肢活動自如，無腫脹現象，在給予40％氧氣五分鐘後，動脈氣體分析為pH=7.48，PaO2 =70mmHg，PaCO2 =28mmHg，O2 saturation=92%，此時應安排下列那一項檢查最適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "心臟超音波檢查", "B": "靜脈杜卜勒超音波檢查", "C": "注射顯影劑的螺旋快速胸部電腦斷層檢查", "D": "主動脈血管攝影"}, "answer": "注射顯影劑的螺旋快速胸部電腦斷層檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "外傷評分系統（Injury Severity Score, ISS）是對外傷病患嚴重度評估常⽤的評分⽅式；下列對於外傷評分系統的敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Abbreviated Injury Scale（AIS），於1971年提出，將受傷部位嚴重程度，分為從第1級（minimal severity）⾄第6級（presumably fatal）", "B": "Injury Severity Score（ISS）是⼀種⽣理性評分系統（physiological scoring system）", "C": "ISS分數區域為1分⾄75分，minor injury是指ISS<9分", "D": "Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS）能評量外傷病患意識狀態，分數區域為3分⾄15分"}, "answer": "Injury Severity Score（ISS）是⼀種⽣理性評分系統（physiological scoring system）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關氣喘病患呼吸道過度反應性（airway hyperresponsiveness）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常以支氣管激發試\t中使FEV1下降20%之methacholine濃度（PC20）或劑量（PD20）來表示", "B": "如果某病患methacholine劑量-反應曲線在高劑量時未出現平原（plateau）現象也代表呼吸道高反應性之存在", "C": "某病患methacholine PC20<8 mg/mL即可診斷為氣喘", "D": "methacholine PC20值越低代表呼吸道高反應性越高"}, "answer": "某病患methacholine PC20<8 mg/mL即可診斷為氣喘", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "主動脈瓣狹窄的病患容易發生心絞痛（angina pectoris）的原因為何？", "options": {"A": "左心室壓增加而且主動脈壓也增加", "B": "左心室壓增加但是主動脈壓卻下降", "C": "左心室壓下降而且主動脈壓也下降", "D": "左心室壓下降但是主動脈壓卻增加"}, "answer": "左心室壓增加但是主動脈壓卻下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "對於肝硬化的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "經頸靜脈肝內門體靜脈分流術TIPS（transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt） 會使得肝性腦病變", "B": "預防肝硬化所引起的食道靜脈瘤的首選藥物為非選擇性α-blockers", "C": "不論是否伴隨\t出血，末期肝衰竭病患都需考慮肝臟移植", "D": "食道靜脈瘤出血處置需要外科介入的情況，包含內視鏡處理失\t，胃靜脈瘤出血和TIPS治療失"}, "answer": "預防肝硬化所引起的食道靜脈瘤的首選藥物為非選擇性α-blockers", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是綠膿桿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）的特徵？", "options": {"A": "好棲息於潮濕的環境中", "B": "會發酵葡萄糖和乳糖", "C": "生長時會發出葡萄般的香味", "D": "對大部分的抗生素具抗藥性"}, "answer": "會發酵葡萄糖和乳糖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當偏頭痛患者出現噁⼼、嘔吐等症狀時，下列何者是最佳的治療藥物？", "options": {"A": "acetaminophen", "B": "allopurinol", "C": "sumatriptan", "D": "sulindac"}, "answer": "sumatriptan", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "肺炎退伍軍人桿菌（Legionella pneumophila）初次分離培養（primary culture）時，需要添加下列那種成分？", "options": {"A": "甘油（glycerol）", "B": "橄欖油（olive oil）", "C": "L-半胱胺酸（L-cysteine）", "D": "菸鹼酸（nicotinic acid）"}, "answer": "L-半胱胺酸（L-cysteine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "相較於年輕人，老年人之甲狀腺機能亢進，比較容易以下列何種徵象來表現？", "options": {"A": "凸眼（exophthalmos）", "B": "心房纖維顫動（atrial fibrillation）", "C": "甲狀腺腫（goiter） \t", "D": "震顫（tremor）"}, "answer": "心房纖維顫動（atrial fibrillation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "色素性視網膜炎（retinitis pigmentosa）的典型三特徵（classical triad）不包含：", "options": {"A": "骨刺狀黑色素沉積（retinal bone-spicule pigmentation）", "B": "視神經蒼白化（waxy pallor of the optic disc）", "C": "小動脈變細（arteriolar attenuation）", "D": "黃斑部水腫（macular edema）"}, "answer": "黃斑部水腫（macular edema）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何項是分辨高位無肛病（high type imperforate anus）或低位無肛病（low type imperforate anus）最重要的方法？", "options": {"A": "倒位攝影（invertogram）", "B": "電腦斷層", "C": "核磁造影 \t", "D": "肉眼觀察"}, "answer": "肉眼觀察", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關免疫抑制劑的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Tacrolimus 造成的 PTDM（Post-transplant diabetes mellitus）機會比 Cyclosporine 高", "B": "Cyclosporine 會有牙齦增生（Gingival hyperplasia）和多毛症（Hirsutism）的副作用", "C": "Sirolimus（Rapamycin）和 Cyclosporine 都屬於 Calcineurin inhibitors", "D": "Tacrolimus 和 Cyclosporine 都是常用於腎臟移植術後的藥物，但是同時也具有腎毒性的副作用"}, "answer": "Sirolimus（Rapamycin）和 Cyclosporine 都屬於 Calcineurin inhibitors", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於蕁麻疹（urticaria）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "肥胖細胞（mast cell） 是主要作用細胞", "B": "特定病灶存在時間通常小於24小時", "C": "部分慢性蕁麻疹患者的病因是自體免疫（autoimmunity）", "D": "病灶的組織病理變化主要是血管炎"}, "answer": "病灶的組織病理變化主要是血管炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲男性主訴解黑便 3 天，內視鏡檢查發現為十二指腸潰瘍，除了制酸藥劑 Omeprazole 外，有醫師建議給予口服 Clarithromycin 250 mg 及 Amoxicillin 1000 mg 每天兩次。服用幾天是最佳選擇？", "options": {"A": "3 天", "B": "14 天", "C": "30 天", "D": "90 天"}, "answer": "14 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "上頜 Le Fort 式骨折一共有幾種？", "options": {"A": "一", "B": "二", "C": "三", "D": "四"}, "answer": "三", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是臨床上已廣泛用來抑制攝護腺肥大及治療雄性禿之 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitor？", "options": {"A": "Finasteride", "B": "Dutasteride", "C": "Megestrol acetate", "D": "Leuprolide"}, "answer": "Finasteride", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在昏暗的環境下，視網膜桿狀細胞（rod cell）外部區段（outer segment）產生的鈉離子內流（influx）電流主要是因為下列那一物質的作用？", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "傳導素（transducin）", "D": "all-trans retinal"}, "answer": "cGMP", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "頸脊髓空洞症（cervical syringomyelia）最典型的臨床症狀是：", "options": {"A": "區段分離性的感覺異常症候群（segmental sensory dissociation）", "B": "分離性感覺與運動障礙症候群（sensory motor dissociation deficit）", "C": "聯合性後柱及側柱障礙症候群（combined posterior and lateral column deficit） \t", "D": "聯合性前柱及側柱障礙症候群（combined anterior and lateral column deficit）"}, "answer": "區段分離性的感覺異常症候群（segmental sensory dissociation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關腎臟（kidney）組織結構之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腎絲球微血管（glomerular capillary）之內皮細胞（endothelial cell）屬於穿孔型（fenestrated type）", "B": "緻密斑（macula densa）是由近直小管（proximal straight tubule）的上皮細胞所特化", "C": "近腎絲球細胞（juxtaglomerular cell）主要是由入球小動脈（afferent arteriole）之管壁平滑肌細胞（smooth muscle cell）所特化", "D": "皮質和髓質交接處有弓形動脈（arcuate artery）"}, "answer": "緻密斑（macula densa）是由近直小管（proximal straight tubule）的上皮細胞所特化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於 calcitonin 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "由 32 個胺基酸組成", "B": "主要由甲狀腺（thyroid）分泌", "C": "和血漿蛋白（plasma protein）結合能力強，所以在肝臟以及腎臟代謝緩慢", "D": "可用來治療 Paget 氏疾病（Paget's disease of bone）"}, "answer": "和血漿蛋白（plasma protein）結合能力強，所以在肝臟以及腎臟代謝緩慢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "如何辨識位於頸部的頸內動脈與頸外動脈？", "options": {"A": "頸內動脈有分支，頸外動脈無分支 \t", "B": "頸內動脈與頸外動脈皆有分支，但分支數目不同", "C": "頸內動脈無分支，頸外動脈有分支", "D": "由兩者之口徑不同判別"}, "answer": "頸內動脈無分支，頸外動脈有分支", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "35 歲的吳先生擔任警衛，這兩週因為感冒沒有上班；3 天前開始下肢無力，並逐漸加重到今天已全身無力、呼吸困難，並且兩側手腳發麻。理學檢查發現肌腱反射（tendon reflex）消失，腳趾對音叉震動及關節角度變化沒有感覺。神經傳導檢查發現傳導速度變慢；腦脊髓液中蛋白質升高，但白血球數目正常。下列那一項診斷有可能？", "options": {"A": "腦膜炎（meningitis）", "B": "運動神經元疾病（motor neuron disease）", "C": "急性發炎性多發性周邊神經病變（Guillain-Barré syndrome）", "D": "多發性硬化症（multiple sclerosis）"}, "answer": "急性發炎性多發性周邊神經病變（Guillain-Barré syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "小明平常偶爾吃一點花生後就會很不舒服，有一天不小心吃了以花生油炸過的芝麻球，幾分鐘後就喘不過氣來。小明體內對花生的特異性抗體，最可能是那一種？", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgA"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關轉譯之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "每一種 t-RNA 均只能辨認一種 codon", "B": "ATG 是一種起始 codon \t", "C": "UAA 是一種終止 codon", "D": "不需透過特定之 t-RNA 終止轉譯 35 \t有關真核細胞之 mRNA 之轉錄後修飾，下列敘述何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "每一種 t-RNA 均只能辨認一種 codon", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關人類唾液腺結構之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "耳下腺（parotid gland）為純漿液腺，而頜下腺（submandibular gland）與舌下腺（sublingual gland）則是混合腺體", "B": "耳下腺（parotid gland）內的閏管（interealated duct）長度，在三大唾液腺中最長", "C": "頜下腺（submandibular gland）的分泌腺泡主要為黏液性，舌下腺（sublingual gland）則主要為漿液性", "D": "唾液腺之葉間泌管（interlobar duct）上皮主要為偽複層柱狀上皮（pseudostratified columnar epithelium）或複層立方上皮"}, "answer": "頜下腺（submandibular gland）的分泌腺泡主要為黏液性，舌下腺（sublingual gland）則主要為漿液性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "何種感染後最容易造成急性腎絲球腎炎（Glomerulonephritis）？", "options": {"A": "大腸桿菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "鏈球菌", "D": "綠膿桿菌"}, "answer": "鏈球菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關糖尿病腎病變之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿或微蛋白尿不會出現於新診斷第二型糖尿病病人", "B": "病理上的變化如腎絲球基底膜變厚及腎小球內基質（mesangium）擴張是常見的", "C": "使用腎素－血管張力素系統（renin-angiotensin system）阻斷劑", "D": "國內目前每年進入透析的新病人其原發病因以糖尿病腎病變占第一位"}, "answer": "蛋白尿或微蛋白尿不會出現於新診斷第二型糖尿病病人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列胸部影像中的病變最可能為：", "options": {"A": "左肺下葉塌陷（left lower lobe collapse） \t", "B": "局限性左肋膜積水（localized left pleural effusion）", "C": "左橫膈膜赫尼亞（left diaphragmatic hernia）", "D": "縱膈腔腫瘤（mediastinal tumor）"}, "answer": "左肺下葉塌陷（left lower lobe collapse） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "39 一位 50 歲女性最近一個月胃口不佳、比較累、且有噁心，晚上小便次數增加，血壓為 175/100 mmHg。 血液生化檢查：BUN 40 mg/dL，creatinine 2.3 mg/dL，Na+ 142 mmol/L，K+ 3.5 mmol/L，Cl- 91 mmol/L， free Ca 3.0 mmol/L。在詢問病史時，下列何者對於鑑別診斷上較無幫助？ \n", "options": {"A": "有無服用 thiazide 類利尿劑", "B": "有無尿道結石病史", "C": "有無使用維生素 D \t", "D": "有無使用類固醇"}, "answer": "有無使用類固醇", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "肩難產最容易發生的問題是：", "options": {"A": "膈神經受傷", "B": "臂神經叢受傷", "C": "鎖骨骨折", "D": "肱骨骨折"}, "answer": "臂神經叢受傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種形式之核酸重複（nucleotide repeat），與遺傳疾病如 fragile X syndrome, Huntington's disease 等有關？", "options": {"A": "雙核酸重複（double nucleotide repeat）", "B": "三核酸重複（triple nucleotide repeat）", "C": "四核酸重複（quadruple nucleotide repeat）", "D": "隨意核酸重複（random nucleotide repeat）"}, "answer": "三核酸重複（triple nucleotide repeat）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "右眼外展神經（abducens nerve）麻痺病人，以右眼固視（fixation）時，斜視角度會呈現下列何種情況？", "options": {"A": "內斜視角度大於用左眼固視", "B": "內斜視角度小於用左眼固視", "C": "外斜視角度大於用左眼固視", "D": "外斜視角度小於用左眼固視"}, "answer": "內斜視角度大於用左眼固視", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最可能是癌前病變？", "options": {"A": "化膿性肉芽腫（pyogenic granuloma）", "B": "日照性角化症（actinic keratosis）", "C": "脂漏性角質化（seborrheic keratosis）", "D": "皮纖維瘤（dermatofibroma）"}, "answer": "日照性角化症（actinic keratosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "UDP-glucose 參與下列那個代謝路徑？", "options": {"A": "五碳糖磷酸途徑（pentose phosphate pathway）", "B": "肝醣分解（glycogen degradation）", "C": "糖解作用（glycolysis）", "D": "半乳糖轉變為葡萄糖（epimerization of galactose to glucose）"}, "answer": "半乳糖轉變為葡萄糖（epimerization of galactose to glucose）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一個分子在嘌呤代謝中直接水解成尿酸？", "options": {"A": "xanthine", "B": "hypoxanthine", "C": "inosine", "D": "IMP"}, "answer": "xanthine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲男性，肝功能異常有 15 年，GOT 值及 GPT 值都維持 150 U/L 左右（兩項正常值均為 0-35 U/L），C 型肝炎抗體陽性，B 型肝炎表面抗原陰性反應，表面抗體陽性反應，核心抗體陽性反應，接受肝穿刺檢查，病理報告顯示中等度纖維化及發炎。請問以下之治療藥物何者是最佳選擇？", "options": {"A": "Interferon + Ribavirin", "B": "Interferon + Lamivudine", "C": "Interferon + Adefovir", "D": "Interferon + Entecavir"}, "answer": "Interferon + Ribavirin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "與淋病球菌（gonococci）異性帶菌者一次性接觸後，得到感染的危險性程度為何？", "options": {"A": "女高於男", "B": "男高於女", "C": "男女均為 0％", "D": "男女均為 100％"}, "answer": "女高於男", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "72.57歲女士主訴下樓梯時，突然左腳後跟劇烈疼痛，隔天至骨科門診，接受腳後跟超音波檢查矢狀切面如圖，最可能之診斷為何？  ", "options": {"A": "Achilles tendinitis", "B": "Achilles tendon fibroma", "C": "Achilles tendon rupture", "D": "retro-calcaneal bursitis"}, "answer": "Achilles tendon rupture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "11 一位 56 歲的男性病人因半夜發生端坐呼吸至急診就診，理學檢查發現血壓為 164/98 mmHg，不規則心跳 120/min，兩側肺部有囉音，心尖部有III/VI之全收縮期雜音及S3奔馬音，抽血檢查Na+: 120 mEq/L,  5 mEq/L, Cl- : 92 mEq/L。下列何種處置最不適當？", "options": {"A": "再驗其尿中Na+濃度以釐清病因 \t", "B": "立即給予靜脈滴注 3% saline以矯正其血中Na+濃度", "C": "立即給予靜脈注射 furosemide", "D": "立即給予靜脈注射 digoxin"}, "answer": "立即給予靜脈滴注 3% saline以矯正其血中Na+濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Flumazenil 是苯二氮平（benzodiazepine）的拮抗劑，可維持作用達數十小時", "B": "苯二氮平戒斷症狀有焦慮及激躁，也可能引起幻覺", "C": "苯二氮平緩解焦慮症狀快速，當其為治療泛焦慮症時，使用時間宜越短越好", "D": "苯二氮平使用會影響記憶力及專注力"}, "answer": "Flumazenil 是苯二氮平（benzodiazepine）的拮抗劑，可維持作用達數十小時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "52歲男性主訴雙手漸進性肌肉萎縮及無力，之後伴隨言語及吞嚥困難，神經學檢查發現舌頭及手腳肌肉萎縮、肌束震顫（fasciculation）和深部肌腱反射增強，但感覺系統並無異常。下列何者為最可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "肌萎縮性側索硬化（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis）", "B": "多發性硬化症（multiple sclerosis）", "C": "多發性神經病變（polyneuropathy）", "D": "肌肉性失養症（muscular dystrophy）"}, "answer": "肌萎縮性側索硬化（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "除 Barrett's esophagus 外，食道癌病理絕大部分為：", "options": {"A": "鱗狀上皮癌（Squamous cell carcinoma）", "B": "類表皮癌（Carcinoid） \t", "C": "腺癌（Adenocarcinoma）", "D": "小細胞癌（Small cell carcinoma）"}, "answer": "鱗狀上皮癌（Squamous cell carcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "白血球的附著分子（adhesion molecule）缺乏時，最可能導致下列何種情形？", "options": {"A": "白血球附著缺乏（leukocyte adhesion deficiency; LAD）的患者會出現明顯的中性白血球降低", "B": "白血球的骨髓氧化酶（myeloperoxidase）出現缺損", "C": "這類患者容易得到病毒感染", "D": "白血球的趨化作用（chemotaxis）會出現問題"}, "answer": "白血球的趨化作用（chemotaxis）會出現問題", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何者為該女性最可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌（breast carcinoma）", "B": "乳腺囊腫（breast cyst）", "C": "良性纖維腺瘤（fibroadenoma）", "D": "乳腺膿瘍（breast abscess）"}, "answer": "乳腺囊腫（breast cyst）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位35歲的病人接受子宮肌瘤切除手術，術後6週回診時發現骨盆腔膿瘍而再次手術，取出一塊大紗布，術後醫師的處理方式，下列那一個的方式是最不適當的？", "options": {"A": "要求開刀房的護理長負起責任", "B": "主動通報院內病人安全委員會", "C": "誠懇與病人討論當時開刀的實況", "D": "爭取減免第2次手術的費用"}, "answer": "要求開刀房的護理長負起責任", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "王太太某日在果園工作時被一隻蜜蜂叮咬，約10幾分鐘後，出現全身蕁麻疹（urticaria），接\t呼吸困難，家人連忙將她送到急診室求診。抵達急診室時血壓為88/54 mmHg，心跳110 BPM。對王太太目前的狀況，應以下列何項優先給藥？", "options": {"A": "methylprednisolone 60 mg靜脈注射", "B": "diphenhydramine 50～100 mg靜脈注射", "C": "albuterol 5 mg吸入", "D": "epinephrine 0.5 mg肌肉注射"}, "answer": "epinephrine 0.5 mg肌肉注射", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "50歲健康男性，因牙結石進行相關治療，過去病史有penicillin過敏，下列建議何者最恰當？", "options": {"A": "給與clindamycin預防心內膜炎", "B": "給與vancomycin預防心內膜炎", "C": "給與tetracycline預防心內膜炎", "D": "不需給與預防性抗生素"}, "answer": "不需給與預防性抗生素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "52.\n", "options": {"A": "慢性胰臟炎併胰臟鈣化及胰管內結石", "B": "急性胰臟炎", "C": "胰臟癌", "D": "膽結石"}, "answer": "慢性胰臟炎併胰臟鈣化及胰管內結石", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於心臟復健的有氧訓練方式？", "options": {"A": "踩固定式腳踏車", "B": "跑步機運動", "C": "游泳", "D": "舉重"}, "answer": "舉重", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列丘腦內之何結構跟邊緣系統沒有直接的聯繫？", "options": {"A": "背外側核（Lateral dorsal nucleus）", "B": "前核（Anterior nucleus）", "C": "中線核（Midline nucleus）", "D": "前腹側核（Ventral anterior nucleus）"}, "answer": "前腹側核（Ventral anterior nucleus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "取卵的時機一般是在絨毛性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotropin）注射後幾小時？", "options": {"A": "20～24", "B": "34～36", "C": "40～44", "D": "48～52"}, "answer": "34～36", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種病患不宜使用可傾斜靠背（recline back support）輪椅？", "options": {"A": "不能獨立移動身體重量（shift weight）的病人 \t", "B": "長時間坐立造成腰痛或臀痛的病人", "C": "薦椎部患有壓瘡（pressure sore）的病人", "D": "常發生姿勢性低血壓（postural hypotension）的病人"}, "answer": "薦椎部患有壓瘡（pressure sore）的病人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位70歲男性，意識清楚，因咳嗽、黃痰和發燒來醫院就診，胸腔科門診的胸部X光片顯示右上葉肺炎，患者的vital signs：", "options": {"A": "門診治療", "B": "一般病房住院治療", "C": "加護病房住院治療", "D": "立即施打肺炎疫苗"}, "answer": "一般病房住院治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 32 歲女性，有靜脈注射毒品的習慣，因發燒及寒顫 3 天至急診求診。理學檢查有貧血、口腔有潰瘍、心臟聽診有心雜音。下列敘述何者最不恰當？", "options": {"A": "應做三套血液培養，每次抽血時間至少相隔 1 小時", "B": "最可能的致病菌為金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）", "C": "眼底鏡檢查可能會發現有 Roth's spots，而病患四肢可能會出現疼痛的 Osler's node", "D": "安排胸前心臟超音波（transthoracic echocardiography），檢查結果為陰性即可排除感染性心內膜炎的診斷"}, "answer": "安排胸前心臟超音波（transthoracic echocardiography），檢查結果為陰性即可排除感染性心內膜炎的診斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為糖尿病多發性神經病變（diabetic polyneuropathy）病患的特徵之一？", "options": {"A": "Babinski sign \t", "B": "Areflexia", "C": "Grasp reflex \t", "D": "Exaggerated stretch reflex 21 造成耳蝸（cochlea）內 hair cell 去極化的機轉為何？"}, "answer": "Areflexia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者位於心臟的隔緣肉柱（septomarginal trabecula, moderator band）中？", "options": {"A": "發出左右分支前的房室束（atrioventricular bundle）", "B": "房室束右支（right branch of atrioventricular bundle）", "C": "房室束左支（left branch of atrioventricular bundle）", "D": "普金斯纖維（Purkinje fibers）"}, "answer": "房室束右支（right branch of atrioventricular bundle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關疝氣（hernia）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "75%的疝氣發生在腹股溝區域（inguinal region）", "B": "以腹股溝疝氣（inguinal hernia）而言，三分之二屬於間接型疝氣（indirect hernia）", "C": "以腹股溝疝氣發生率而言，女性多於男性", "D": "以股疝氣（femoral hernia）發生率而言，女性多於男性"}, "answer": "以腹股溝疝氣發生率而言，女性多於男性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種情況，導致遺傳疾病半乳糖血症（galactosemia）的發生？", "options": {"A": "缺少 fructokinase", "B": "缺少 UDP-glucose:galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase", "C": "無法分解 lactose", "D": "過度攝取 galactose"}, "answer": "缺少 UDP-glucose:galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲女性，過去因蝴蝶斑被懷疑是全身性紅斑性狼瘡，病患現因發燒及下肢水腫住院。尿液檢驗顯示血尿與嚴重之蛋白尿，下列何者自體抗體檢查與病患目前之症狀最有相關性？", "options": {"A": "anti-Sm \t", "B": "anti-RNP \t", "C": "anti-double strand DNA", "D": "anti-histone"}, "answer": "anti-double strand DNA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關疾病篩檢之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "鑑別力好的 Receiver Operating Characteristics（ROC）曲線應該是接近對角線", "B": "診斷糖尿病的飯前血糖值標準若由 110 降到 105，偽陽性個案數會減少", "C": "若以系列性檢查（tests in series），篩檢一種疾病，則第一個檢查通常會使用特異度（specificity）較高者", "D": "選取一個切點（cut-off point）來決定標準值所在時，若增加敏感度（sensitivity），則特異度（specificity）常會下降"}, "answer": "選取一個切點（cut-off point）來決定標準值所在時，若增加敏感度（sensitivity），則特異度（specificity）常會下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何種處置方式可行？", "options": {"A": "經\t性抗生素治療", "B": "血管攝影檢查", "C": "胃鏡檢查", "D": "剖腹探查"}, "answer": "剖腹探查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "59 楊小姐今年 27 歲，最近每天晚上服用巴比妥鹽類藥物（Barbiturate）幫助睡覺，幾天之後開始肚子劇痛，且偶爾會有幻覺產生，今天因為癲癇發作而被送至急診。她的血壓 172/116 mmHg、心跳每分鐘 134 次，一直喊肚子痛；兩腳不斷的踢來踢去掙扎，但兩手卻垂在床緣不太會動。楊小姐接受了腹部超音波、腹部電腦斷層、腦脊髓液檢查都完全正常，但神經傳導速度檢查顯示週邊神經有明顯之軸突病變（axonopathy）。家屬表示楊小姐的媽媽也曾經因為吃巴比妥鹽類藥物而產生類似的症狀。 下列何者診斷最有可能？ \n", "options": {"A": "蜱麻痺（tick paralysis）", "B": "混合型冷凝蛋白血症（mixed cryoproteinemia）", "C": "急性發炎性脫髓鞘型多發神經病變（acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy）", "D": "紫質症（porphyria）"}, "answer": "紫質症（porphyria）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物最常用於預防早產？", "options": {"A": "Isoproterenol", "B": "Albuterol", "C": "Salmeterol", "D": "Ritodrine"}, "answer": "Ritodrine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "77.一位28歲已婚女性病人，性生活正常，有左側輸卵管發炎的病史，平常月經相當不規則，有時候兩至三個月才來一次，上次月經來已經是九週前的事了。此病人從昨天早上開始，下腹疼痛合併陰道有少許出血，另外還有冒冷 、頭暈、心悸的症狀，故來求診。到達急診時意識清楚，臉色蒼白，無外傷。生命徵象如下：呼吸22次/min、心跳 102次/min、體溫", "options": {"A": "給予靜脈輸液（fluid hydration）", "B": "持續性監測血壓", "C": "腹部X光檢查", "D": "懷孕測試（pregnancy test）"}, "answer": "腹部X光檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關降血糖藥物作用機轉的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "glipizide 具有促進胰島素分泌的作用", "B": "metformin 具有抑制肝臟製造過多葡萄糖的作用", "C": "rosiglitazone 具有減少胰島素抗性（insulin resistance）的作用，主要針對第一型糖尿病使用", "D": "acarbose 具有抑制腸道內負責分解雙醣、寡醣及多醣的酵素，進而延遲及減少醣類的分解吸收"}, "answer": "rosiglitazone 具有減少胰島素抗性（insulin resistance）的作用，主要針對第一型糖尿病使用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於復發性短期憂鬱性疾患（Recurrent brief depressive disorder）之治療？", "options": {"A": "心理治療 \t", "B": "激素治療", "C": "抗憂鬱劑治療 \t", "D": "情緒穩定劑治療"}, "answer": "激素治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種視神經盤凹杯與視神經盤直徑比例（cup-disk ratio），比較不會被懷疑有青光眼：", "options": {"A": "0.2", "B": "0.5", "C": "0.8", "D": "兩眼視神經盤凹杯與視神經盤直徑比例（cup-disk ratio）極不對稱"}, "answer": "0.2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "89 一位 60 歲男性因上腹悶痛來求診，內視鏡發現潰瘍性病灶，病理切片發現在黏膜層有大量單形性 （monomorphous）淋巴球浸潤，且有淋巴上皮性病灶（lymphoepithelial lesion），則下列何者是最有可能的致病原？ \n", "options": {"A": "巨細胞病毒", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "沙門氏桿菌", "D": "幽門螺旋桿菌"}, "answer": "幽門螺旋桿菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，此時會選擇何種藥物治療？", "options": {"A": "注射 clindamycin \t", "B": "口服 asacol", "C": "注射 ampicillin \t", "D": "口服 metronidazole 或 vancomycin"}, "answer": "口服 metronidazole 或 vancomycin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "許多藥物的合成乃是結合分子生物學與合成化學而得，抗愛滋病的藥物 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine （AZT）即為其中一項，下列關於 AZT 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "AZT 由易被 HIV 病毒感染的 T 淋巴球所吸收而轉變為三磷酸根 AZT（AZT triphosphate）", "B": "HIV 病毒的反轉錄酶對於 AZT triphosphate 有極高的親和力", "C": "HIV 病毒的 DNA 進行複製時若 3'端加入 AZT triphosphate 則會終止複製反應", "D": "人類 T 淋巴球的 DNA 複製酶對 AZT triphosphate 有高親和力，所以會帶來許多副作用"}, "answer": "人類 T 淋巴球的 DNA 複製酶對 AZT triphosphate 有高親和力，所以會帶來許多副作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "催產素（oxytocin）的主要作用為何？", "options": {"A": "促進子宮鬆弛（uterine relaxation）", "B": "促進排乳作用（milk ejection）", "C": "抑制黃體分解（luteolysis）", "D": "抑制前列腺素 F2α（PGF2α）的分泌"}, "answer": "促進排乳作用（milk ejection）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "判別食道閉鎖的病嬰有無食道氣管瘻管，可由一般胸部 X 光片那一種變化看出？", "options": {"A": "有無腸胃空氣的影像", "B": "橫膈膜位置", "C": "食道盲端的位置 \t", "D": "氣管分支的位置"}, "answer": "有無腸胃空氣的影像", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "三個月大的嬰兒，患有右側斜頸症（torticollis），下列的醫療建議何者正確？", "options": {"A": "如果沒有治療，左臉會有扁平化的現象", "B": "容易合併左側髖關節發育不良（hip dysplasia）", "C": "應該加強右側頸部的肌力訓練", "D": "應該教導向右側上方注視的姿勢"}, "answer": "應該教導向右側上方注視的姿勢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當吸入過敏原後，過敏原經由抗原呈現細胞（antigen presenting cell, APC），將其處理後呈現給 T 細胞而引起一連串的過敏反應。以下何者不屬於抗原呈現細胞？", "options": {"A": "嗜伊紅性細胞（eosinophil）", "B": "樹突細胞（dendritic cell）", "C": "單核球（monocyte） \t", "D": "巨噬細胞（macrophage）"}, "answer": "嗜伊紅性細胞（eosinophil）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關前列腺癌之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "每年PSA升高超過0.75 ng/mL者，潛伏癌症之機率增高", "B": "經直腸超音波檢查比指診更能精確定出局部腫瘤期別", "C": "格里森分數（Gleason score）高於7分者較易發生癌症進展", "D": "腫瘤侵犯至貯精囊時屬T3a期"}, "answer": "腫瘤侵犯至貯精囊時屬T3a期", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當我們為病患進行麻醉誘導時，下列何項因子並不會增加麻醉氣體的誘導速率？", "options": {"A": "減少再吸入（rebreathing）", "B": "高麻醉機通路氣體容量（high anesthetic-circuit volume）", "C": "高腦血流量（cerebral blood flow）", "D": "肺泡中的溶解度（solubility）降低"}, "answer": "高麻醉機通路氣體容量（high anesthetic-circuit volume）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關急性發炎性脫髓鞘多發性神經病變症候群（Guillain-Barré syndrome）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可能引起顏面神經病變", "B": "呼吸困難常是致命的主因", "C": "會有自主神經功能異常（autonomic dysfunction）的症狀", "D": "糖尿病病人大部分會發生此病"}, "answer": "糖尿病病人大部分會發生此病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那種酶在肌細胞中含量較低，無法有效進行糖合成作用（gluconeogenesis）？", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸脫氫酶（pyruvate dehydrogenase）", "B": "磷酸果糖磷激酶-1（phosphofructokinase-1）", "C": "肝醣合成酶（glycogen synthase）", "D": "葡萄糖6-磷酸酶（glucose 6-phosphatase）"}, "answer": "葡萄糖6-磷酸酶（glucose 6-phosphatase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是分辨肌⾁病變與神經病變最有⽤的電學診斷⽅法？", "options": {"A": "神經傳導檢查（nerve conduction study）", "B": "肌電圖檢查（EMG study）", "C": "連續電刺激神經檢查（repetitive nerve stimulation test）", "D": "肌⾁激發電刺激檢查（muscle excitability test）"}, "answer": "肌電圖檢查（EMG study）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲心肌梗塞患者，經運動功能測試後，有關其心臟復健之有氧運動的處方，下列敘述何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "每週運動 3 次以上 \t", "B": "每次持續運動時間應超過 60 分鐘", "C": "以上肢運動為主 \t", "D": "運動強度不得低於心跳每分鐘 130 次"}, "answer": "每週運動 3 次以上 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "單精細胞質內注射術（ICSI）其遺傳物質不可由何處取得？", "options": {"A": "活動精蟲（Spermatozoon）", "B": "副睪（Epididymis）的精蟲（Spermatozoon）", "C": "精小管（Seminiferous tubules）的精細胞（Spermatids）", "D": "原精細胞（Spermatogonia）"}, "answer": "原精細胞（Spermatogonia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "為避免早產兒於出生後發生玻璃腺樣病（hyaline membrane disease），可於產前給予孕婦下列何種藥物？", "options": {"A": "aspirin", "B": "glucocorticoids", "C": "magnesium sulfate", "D": "thyrotropin"}, "answer": "glucocorticoids", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於嗜伊紅性白血球和嗜中性白血球的異同，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "嗜中性白血球含有過氧化酶，但嗜伊紅性白血球不含此酶", "B": "IL-5主要促進嗜伊紅性白血球的生成", "C": "真核寄生蟲感染時嗜中性白血球反應較強", "D": "CCR3在嗜中性白血球表現較多"}, "answer": "IL-5主要促進嗜伊紅性白血球的生成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲紅斑性狼瘡女性患者，近半年來數度因為突發性眼皮與嘴唇皮下組織水腫合併有呼吸困難，前往急診就醫。下列何者與患者的急性症狀最為相關？", "options": {"A": "抗核抗體", "B": "補體系統", "C": "免疫球蛋白", "D": "血中白蛋白"}, "answer": "補體系統", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列氣管（trachea）和支氣管（bronchus）管壁構造之比較，何項正確？", "options": {"A": "兩者都有彈性纖維（elastic fiber）", "B": "兩者的上皮（epithelium）高度相同", "C": "兩者都有纖維軟骨（fibrous cartilage）", "D": "兩者都沒有平滑肌細胞（smooth muscle cells）"}, "answer": "兩者都有彈性纖維（elastic fiber）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 7 歲男孩，3 星期以來，下肢出現很多膿癤（furunculosis），2 天前出現紅色血尿及蛋白尿，因此至門診就診；血壓明顯升高（160/105 mmHg），並發現全身水腫，體重比平時重了 3 kg，血清白蛋白/球蛋白比值（A/G）為 3.2/3.1 mg/dL。下列何者最不可能出現？", "options": {"A": "經檢驗，此病童血中C3補體降低", "B": "癤內膿（pus）培養，長出 A 群鏈球菌，但 ASO（antistreptolysin O）titer 正常", "C": "腎絲球基底膜可發現免疫複合體（immune complex）沈澱", "D": "尿液培養常長出 A 群鏈球菌"}, "answer": "尿液培養常長出 A 群鏈球菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下頜下腺（submandibular gland）位於下列何處？", "options": {"A": "肌三角（muscular triangle）", "B": "頸動脈三角（carotid triangle）", "C": "二腹肌三角（digastric triangle）", "D": "頦下三角（submental triangle）"}, "answer": "二腹肌三角（digastric triangle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關抗癲癇藥物作用的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "ethosuximide主要透過阻斷T-type鈣離子通道來產生抗癲癇作用", "B": "tiagabine主要透過阻斷GABA轉運子（transporter）的作用來產生抗癲癇作用", "C": "topiramate透過阻斷glutamate轉運子（transporter）的作用來產生抗癲癇作用", "D": "valproic acid可透過阻斷鈉離子通道來產生抗癲癇作用"}, "answer": "topiramate透過阻斷glutamate轉運子（transporter）的作用來產生抗癲癇作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 23 歲女性病人主訴心悸，心跳每分鐘 160 下，血壓為 110/80 mmHg，心電圖為 paroxysmal supra- ventricular tachycardia（PSVT），可優先考慮下列何種治療？", "options": {"A": "Adenosine 靜脈快速注射", "B": "Lidocaine 靜脈注射", "C": "Verapamil 靜脈緩慢注射", "D": "頸動脈竇按摩"}, "answer": "頸動脈竇按摩", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於Zollinger-Ellison syndrome的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "病因為胃泌細胞瘤（gastrinoma）⼤量分泌胃泌激素後，造成胃酸分泌過量", "B": "70～90%的腫瘤會分布於總膽管、胃與胰臟頸及胰臟體之間", "C": "必須排除有無第⼀型多發性內分泌腫瘤症候群（MEN I）的可能，因為有四分之⼀的患者會合併有MEN I，", "D": "病⼈會有淋巴及肝臟轉移之風險，所以應將這個腫瘤視為惡性腫瘤"}, "answer": "70～90%的腫瘤會分布於總膽管、胃與胰臟頸及胰臟體之間", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "最常見的偏頭痛預兆是：", "options": {"A": "感覺異常", "B": "視覺症狀", "C": "半側偏癱", "D": "語言障礙"}, "answer": "視覺症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "23 一位 50 歲男性患者有高血壓病史約 5 年，20 分鐘前發生未曾經歷過的劇烈頭痛，接著出現兩下肢無 力，最可能的病變為： \n", "options": {"A": "前交通動脈（anterior communicating artery）之動脈瘤破裂", "B": "後交通動脈（posterior communicating artery）之動脈瘤破裂", "C": "脊髓梗塞（spinal cord infarct） \t", "D": "兩側前大腦動脈阻塞"}, "answer": "前交通動脈（anterior communicating artery）之動脈瘤破裂", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "臨床上有關不同類型休克（shock）的成因，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "燒燙傷（burns）可造成 distributing shock", "B": "心包膜填塞（cardiac tamponade）會造成 cardiogenic shock", "C": "Obstructive shock 常出現於外科手術（surgery）後", "D": "Hypovolemic shock 可出現於大量失血（hemorrhage）時"}, "answer": "Hypovolemic shock 可出現於大量失血（hemorrhage）時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "5 歲男孩，並無發燒或高血壓病史，突然發生右側肢體無力，經腦部電腦斷層檢查，發現左側前腦動脈供應區呈現缺血性梗塞，核磁共振動脈攝影（MRA）及腦血管攝影顯示兩側前腦動脈及中腦動脈供應區出現不正常毛玻璃樣血管叢。下列四項診斷中，那一項最符合？", "options": {"A": "左側前腦動脈瘤破裂，併發血管收縮", "B": "基底核區之動靜脈畸形", "C": "毛毛樣腦血管症（Moyamoya Disease）", "D": "腦動脈炎併發血管阻塞"}, "answer": "毛毛樣腦血管症（Moyamoya Disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "與子宮頸腺癌相關性最強的人類乳突病毒是：", "options": {"A": "HPV 16", "B": "HPV 18", "C": "HPV 31", "D": "HPV 33"}, "answer": "HPV 18", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於原發性肺癌的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "鱗狀上⽪癌（squamous cell carcinoma）是⽬前最常⾒的組織型態", "B": "腺癌（adenocarcinoma）會有腺泡（acinar）、乳突（papillary）、⿂鱗（lepidic）、固態（solid）等的型態", "C": "跟吸菸相關性⾼的是鱗狀上⽪癌、⼩細胞癌（small-cell carcinoma）", "D": "表⽪⽣⻑因⼦受體（epidermal growth factor receptor）突變常出現於腺癌"}, "answer": "鱗狀上⽪癌（squamous cell carcinoma）是⽬前最常⾒的組織型態", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "21 承上題，如果你採用帶莖橫式腹直肌肌皮瓣（pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous （TRAM）flaps）來重建，最大的缺點為何？ \n", "options": {"A": "腹部疤痕不美觀 \t", "B": "腹肌無力，甚至出現腹部疝氣", "C": "重建的乳房不自然 \t", "D": "皮瓣體積不夠"}, "answer": "腹肌無力，甚至出現腹部疝氣", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關癤（furuncle）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "癤是一種急性的汗腺感染症", "B": "外用抗生素是治療首選", "C": "較常發生於年輕人 \t", "D": "常見的病原菌是 haemolytic streptococci"}, "answer": "較常發生於年輕人 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "軟斑（malacoplakia）是一種什麼樣的病灶？", "options": {"A": "良性的膀胱腫瘤 \t", "B": "膀胱上皮的癌前病灶", "C": "病毒性感染 \t", "D": "細菌性感染"}, "answer": "細菌性感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "過量neostigmine中毒，不會產生下列何種作用？", "options": {"A": "腹瀉", "B": "流\t", "C": "散瞳", "D": "排尿"}, "answer": "散瞳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "新生兒室一位新生兒的右側足踝部有明顯變形如下圖，圖片顯示的足踝先天畸形，不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "前足內翻（metatarsal adductus）", "B": "扁平足（pes planus）", "C": "足跟內翻（heel varus）", "D": "馬蹄足（ankle equinus）"}, "answer": "扁平足（pes planus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種尿路結石，其成分含鎂？", "options": {"A": "struvite", "B": "whewellite", "C": "weddellite", "D": "hydroxyapatite"}, "answer": "struvite", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關老人 hip fracture 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常見於骨質疏鬆的病人", "B": "一般而言，手術是較好的處理方式", "C": "骨折手術後一年內 mortality rate 仍會上升", "D": "術後應儘量不要讓病人下床活動"}, "answer": "術後應儘量不要讓病人下床活動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名個9個月大嬰兒因突發性右側陰囊腫大來急診，經臆斷可能是嵌閉性腹股溝疝氣、睪丸扭轉、睪丸或副睪發炎、或急性陰囊水腫。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可做陰囊超音波檢查幫助鑑別診斷", "B": "如果是睪丸扭轉，應儘速在扭轉後6小時內手術，約有90%可成功恢復血流", "C": "如果是嵌閉性腹股溝疝氣，無論多久，應儘速在急診就徒手復位", "D": "急性陰囊水腫可以觀察，不用急\t手術"}, "answer": "如果是嵌閉性腹股溝疝氣，無論多久，應儘速在急診就徒手復位", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 16 歲重型地中海型貧血病患，長期輸血且排鐵劑使用不足，致罹患鐵質沈積症。下列那一種情況與其病情無關？", "options": {"A": "肝臟切片有纖維化的現象", "B": "心臟超音波檢查舒張功能有缺陷", "C": "智力測驗顯示重度智障", "D": "葡萄糖耐受試驗（glucose tolerance test）異常"}, "answer": "智力測驗顯示重度智障", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於新生兒淋病性結膜炎（neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常是由母親經產道感染給新生兒", "B": "須同時給予局部及全身抗生素治療", "C": "膿狀分泌物大約在出生後第三周至第四周間開始出現", "D": "最好要對其分泌物作抹片及細菌培養等檢查"}, "answer": "膿狀分泌物大約在出生後第三周至第四周間開始出現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 35 歲女性主訴：畏寒、水腫、無月經、且時有乳汁分泌。血液分析發現甲狀腺激素數值過低，則此病患之無月經及泌乳現象最可能由於下列何種激素之影響？", "options": {"A": "下視丘所分泌之多巴胺（dopamine）刺激腦下垂體分泌泌乳素（prolactin）", "B": "下視丘所分泌之性釋素（GnRH）刺激腦下垂體分泌促黃體素（LH）", "C": "下視丘所分泌之甲釋素（TRH）刺激腦下垂體分泌泌乳素", "D": "下視丘所分泌之多巴胺刺激腦下垂體分泌促黃體素"}, "answer": "下視丘所分泌之甲釋素（TRH）刺激腦下垂體分泌泌乳素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "副交感神經之節後纖維與下列何者伴行？", "options": {"A": "岩小神經（Lesser petrosal nerve）", "B": "腭大神經（Greater palatine nerve）", "C": "岩大神經（Greater petrosal nerve）", "D": "鼓索神經（Chorda tympani nerve）"}, "answer": "腭大神經（Greater palatine nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於medullary thyroid carcinoma的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "源⾃於parafollicular或C cells", "B": "約80%的medullary carcinoma與MEN 2A或MEN 2B有關", "C": "可分泌calcitonin，亦可能分泌carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA）", "D": "若同時合併pheochromocytoma，則必須先處理pheochromocytoma"}, "answer": "約80%的medullary carcinoma與MEN 2A或MEN 2B有關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "士兵參與戰爭後，最可能產生的精神疾病為何？", "options": {"A": "創傷後壓力症（post traumatic stress disorder）", "B": "強迫症（obsessive compulsive disorder）", "C": "妄想症（delusional disorder）", "D": "恐慌症（panic disorder）"}, "answer": "創傷後壓力症（post traumatic stress disorder）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是診斷糖尿病神經病變（diabetic neuropathy）最有用的電學診斷方法？", "options": {"A": "神經傳導（nerve conduction）檢查", "B": "肌電圖（electromyography）檢查", "C": "肌肉激發電刺激（muscle excitability）檢查", "D": "神經連續電刺激（repetitive nerve stimulation）檢查"}, "answer": "神經傳導（nerve conduction）檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "55 下列何種藥物應在病人感染瘧疾數天之後給予，以便清除病人肝臟中裂殖蟲（schizonts）及靜止蟲體 （hypnozoites）？ \n", "options": {"A": "primaquine", "B": "artemisinin", "C": "proguanil", "D": "sulfadoxine"}, "answer": "primaquine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，電腦斷層顯示如下圖，抽血檢 睪固酮（testosterone）為250 ng/dL，DHEAS為800 µg/dL，則診斷最有可能為：", "options": {"A": "分泌男性素的卵巢腫瘤", "B": "多囊性卵巢腫瘤", "C": "腎上腺腫瘤", "D": "庫欣氏症（Cushing syndrome）"}, "answer": "腎上腺腫瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "臺灣常見的貝他型海洋性貧血症（β thalassemia），其致病基因是位於第幾對染色體上？", "options": {"A": "9", "B": "11", "C": "13", "D": "15"}, "answer": "11", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲男性病人，曾有高尿酸血症及血脂異常之病史，求診時主訴最近兩週體重急遽下降 8 公斤，有口渴頻尿之現象，理學檢查發現病人身高 165 公分，體重 80 公斤，血壓 160/90 mmHg，呼吸每分鐘 15 次，脈搏每分鐘 100 次，頸部有黑色素沈積之現象，病人最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "甲狀腺功能亢進", "B": "嗜鉻細胞瘤", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "尿崩症"}, "answer": "糖尿病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於血液與消化系統之間的關係敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "紅血球被摧毀之後，血基質（heme）被分解成膽紅素（bilirubin）進入肝臟成為膽汁的一部分", "B": "肝臟合成之免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin）在血液中具殺菌作用", "C": "大腸常生菌（normal flora）合成之維他命K對凝血因子的生成很重要", "D": "消化道吸收的鐵可供給紅血球進行氧氣攜帶"}, "answer": "肝臟合成之免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin）在血液中具殺菌作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "42.產婦生產會陰部裂傷（perineal laceration）共分四度，第四度裂傷最為嚴重。第四度裂傷代表深度到達下列何 種解剖位置？\n", "options": {"A": "陰道黏膜層（vaginal mucosa）", "B": "外層肛門括約肌（external anal sphincter）", "C": "內層肛門括約肌（internal anal sphincter）", "D": "直腸黏膜層（rectal mucosa）"}, "answer": "直腸黏膜層（rectal mucosa）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "構成手腕（wrist）的骨頭中，那兩塊骨頭會直接與橈骨遠端（distal end of radius）相關節？", "options": {"A": "大多角骨（trapezium）與小多角骨（trapezoid）", "B": "頭狀骨（capitate）與鉤狀骨（hamate）", "C": "舟狀骨（scaphoid）與月狀骨（lunate）", "D": "三角骨（triquetrum）與豆狀骨（pisiform）"}, "answer": "舟狀骨（scaphoid）與月狀骨（lunate）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "RU-486（mifepristone）可以用在人工流產，是因為其主要拮抗下列何種受體？", "options": {"A": "glucocorticoid", "B": "androgen", "C": "estrogen", "D": "progesterone"}, "answer": "progesterone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "70歲女性，左側耳後有如左圖之腫瘤，數年之久，病理組織切片結果如右圖；下列何者為最適當的診斷？", "options": {"A": "狀細胞癌（squamous cell carcinoma）", "B": "基底細胞癌（basal cell carcinoma ）", "C": "惡性黑色素細胞癌（malignant melanoma）", "D": "脂漏性角化症（seborrheic keratosis）"}, "answer": "基底細胞癌（basal cell carcinoma ）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "16 35 歲男性主訴發燒五天，發病前三天從印尼旅遊一週回來，其他症狀包括：眼窩後酸痛、背部肌肉酸痛、食慾減退、軟便及下肢和腹部紅疹（如圖所示）。血壓 130/85 mmＨg；額溫 38.9℃；脈搏 88/分；呼吸 18/分；血液檢驗：白血球 2,350/mm3；血球容積比（hematocrit）49%；血小板：43,000/mm3；\n GOT/GPT: 84/67 U/L。病人最可能是那種感染症？ \n", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒（influenza）", "B": "梅毒（Syphilis）", "C": "登革熱（Dengue fever）", "D": "肺炎黴漿菌（Mycoplasma pneumoniae）感染 17 下列有關肺水腫的敘述，何者正確？"}, "answer": "登革熱（Dengue fever）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於嬰兒異位性皮膚炎的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "分布範圍主要為臉部、頭皮以及四肢的伸側（extensor side）", "B": "若患者合併thrombocytopenia以及免疫功能異常，需懷疑是hyper-IgE syndrome", "C": "臨床上不須與脂漏性皮膚炎做鑑別診斷", "D": "為避免局部類固醇造成的副作用，FDA建議首選外用藥物為0.03% tacrolimus或1% pimecrolimus"}, "answer": "分布範圍主要為臉部、頭皮以及四肢的伸側（extensor side）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "74.61歲男性突發性的胸痛、呼吸困難，其胸部X光如圖示，最主要的診斷為何？  ", "options": {"A": "肺氣腫", "B": "肺挫傷出血", "C": "氣胸", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "氣胸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於操縱子（operon）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "只在真核生物上發現", "B": "包含promoter", "C": "包含operator", "D": "包含structural genes"}, "answer": "只在真核生物上發現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）受損時，拇指無法進行何種動作？", "options": {"A": "屈曲（flexion）", "B": "伸直（extension）", "C": "內收（adduction）", "D": "外展（abduction）"}, "answer": "內收（adduction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關內臟型利什曼症（visceral leishmaniasis）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "臨床上易誤診為再生不能性貧血（aplastic anemia） \t", "B": "病人以藥物治療後，可能產生黑熱病後皮膚利什曼症（post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis）", "C": "此類病人脾臟穿刺是禁忌 \t", "D": "病人會出現高球蛋白血症（hyperglobulinemia）"}, "answer": "此類病人脾臟穿刺是禁忌 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關 Crohn's 大腸炎及潰瘍性大腸炎（Ulcerative colitis）的鑑別之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "臨床症狀 Crohn's 大腸炎比潰瘍性大腸炎有較高比率可摸到腹部腫塊及較多肛門問題 \t", "B": "放射線學檢查，Crohn's 大腸炎較多迴腸疾病，且較多跳躍式病灶", "C": "潰瘍性大腸炎有較高比率之肛裂，肛門潰瘍、管及膿瘍", "D": "潰瘍性大腸炎的潰瘍較表淺及普遍化，而 Crohn's 大腸炎較多直線性、深且散在性的潰瘍"}, "answer": "潰瘍性大腸炎有較高比率之肛裂，肛門潰瘍、管及膿瘍", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "68.酮酸中毒患者體內酮體（ketone body）是由下列那些物質構成？①乙醯乙酸（acetoacetate） ②β-羥丁酸 （β-hydroxybutyrate） ③丙酮（acetone） ④α-酮戊二酸（α-ketoglutarate） \n", "options": {"A": "①②③④", "B": "僅①②④", "C": "僅①②③", "D": "僅③④"}, "answer": "僅①②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種鹼基不存於一般 RNA 分子？", "options": {"A": "腺嘌呤（adenine） \t", "B": "尿嘧啶（uracil）", "C": "胸腺嘧啶（thymine）", "D": "胞嘧啶（cytosine）"}, "answer": "胸腺嘧啶（thymine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "64.懷孕婦女因輸尿管結石產生腰痛求醫處理時，下列何者較不合適？      ", "options": {"A": "必須立即以IVU（intravenous urography）找出石頭位置，加以碎石處理免得繼續妊娠時症狀加劇", "B": "利用雙J輸尿管導管（double-J ureter stent）以解除輸尿管之阻塞 \t", "C": "局部麻醉下超音波定位置放經皮腎造廔管（percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion）", "D": "在懷孕的第一個trimester時應該盡量避免X光照射"}, "answer": "必須立即以IVU（intravenous urography）找出石頭位置，加以碎石處理免得繼續妊娠時症狀加劇", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種黴菌為主要病原菌（primary pathogen）？", "options": {"A": "Aspergillus niger \t", "B": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "C": "Candida albicans \t", "D": "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis"}, "answer": "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "成熟的B細胞可以同時表現IgD與IgM兩種免疫球蛋白於細胞表面上，其主要的分子機制為何？", "options": {"A": "RNA多樣裁接（alternative splicing）", "B": "對偶基因排除（allelic exclusion）", "C": "V", "D": "J片段重組（recombination）"}, "answer": "RNA多樣裁接（alternative splicing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲女性，因為發燒、腹瀉、脫水，在一家醫院注射點滴治療，病患突然意識障礙、煩躁，而且陷入半昏迷狀態，轉到醫學中心緊急做了 MRI 檢查，根據此二張 MRI T2WI 及 DWI 影像，最適當的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Pontine myelinolysis", "B": "Acute pontine infarction", "C": "Japanese encephalitis", "D": "Pontine glioma"}, "answer": "Pontine myelinolysis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "膽固醇是下列何種維生素（Vitamin）合成的前驅物？", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "D", "C": "E", "D": "K"}, "answer": "D", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲男性，因黃疸轉診，在檢驗所初步血清生化檢查顯示 Bilirubin total/direct＝7.8/4.0 mg/dL（normal ＜1.0/0.3），GOT 247 U/L（normal＜35），GPT 176 U/L（normal＜35），血漿 prothrombin time 延長，轉診醫師注意到注射 vitamin K 可明顯改善 prothrombin time，以下那一診斷方向最可能？", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎加急性發作", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "阻塞性黃疸", "D": "急性肝衰竭"}, "answer": "阻塞性黃疸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是視網膜黃斑部中央小凹（foveola）之結構特徵？", "options": {"A": "完全無桿狀細胞（rods）之分布", "B": "僅含有神經節細胞（ganglion cells）及錐狀細胞（cones）", "C": "是視網膜最薄之處", "D": "完全無視網膜血管之分布"}, "answer": "僅含有神經節細胞（ganglion cells）及錐狀細胞（cones）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是罹患乳癌的危險因子？", "options": {"A": "一等親姊妹罹患乳癌", "B": "40歲懷孕生第一胎", "C": "停經後服用10年的女性荷爾蒙取代劑", "D": "嬸嬸罹患乳癌"}, "answer": "嬸嬸罹患乳癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關治療甲狀腺功能低下症（hypothyroidism）藥物levothyroxine的藥理作用描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Levothyroxine不能同時與鈣和含鋁類的制酸劑合併使用", "B": "Levothyroxine對於藥物如amiodarone所引起的甲狀腺功能低下症治療效果不佳", "C": "Levothyroxine可以使用於懷孕的甲狀腺功能低下症婦女", "D": "黏液性水腫昏迷（myxedema coma）可以利用levothyroxine來治療"}, "answer": "Levothyroxine對於藥物如amiodarone所引起的甲狀腺功能低下症治療效果不佳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關乳房 X 光攝影（mammography）檢查的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "小於 30 歲的年輕婦女懷疑乳房有硬塊，應先排乳房 X 光攝影", "B": "50 歲以上婦女 mammography sensitivity 較 50 歲以下婦女差", "C": "乳房脂肪比例會影響 mammography sensitivity", "D": "mammography 會因不同檢查者而影響檢查結果，亦即 operator-dependent"}, "answer": "乳房脂肪比例會影響 mammography sensitivity", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "19歲女性，因為腳扭傷而貼敷酸痛藥布，兩天後，出現如圖所示會癢之皮膚病變，下列何種檢查最有助於診斷？", "options": {"A": "KOH鏡檢（KOH examination）", "B": "貼膚試\t（patch test）", "C": "針刺試\t（prick test）", "D": "Tzanck抹片檢查（Tzanck test）"}, "answer": "貼膚試\t（patch test）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關遺傳學與基因檢測在肝臟疾病的研究，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在肝臟酒精代謝方面，酒精氧化代謝成乙醛（acetaldehyde）後，藉由乙醛脫氫酶（aldehyde", "B": "在自體免疫性肝炎（autoimmune hepatitis）方面，遺傳背景與HLA-B1, -B8, -DR3和-DR4有相關", "C": "在遺傳性鐵質沉\t症（hereditary hemochromatosis）方面，以HFE基因相關C282Y與H63D突變最常見", "D": "在威爾森症（Wilson's disease）方面，最常見突變點發生在ATP7B基因，且只有一種突變會發生"}, "answer": "在威爾森症（Wilson's disease）方面，最常見突變點發生在ATP7B基因，且只有一種突變會發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位漁夫出海捕魚時，不慎足背被魚鰭刺傷，數小時後因小腿腫脹、疼痛並有深紫色水泡浮現，請問下列那一種致病菌最有可能？", "options": {"A": "Aeromonas hydrophilia", "B": "Staphylococcus aureus", "C": "Vibrio vulnificus \t", "D": "Streptococcus pyogenes"}, "answer": "Vibrio vulnificus \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "14 歲女孩出現惡性高血壓（200/130 mmHg），腹部影像學檢查顯示一腎上腺腫瘤，尿中兒茶酚胺（catecholamine）以及血清腎素（serum renin）均升高。下列腎臟血管變化中，何者與此腫瘤有最密切的關係？", "options": {"A": "Hyaline arteriolosclerosis", "B": "Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis", "C": "Atherosclerosis", "D": "Thromboembolism"}, "answer": "Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下視丘（hypothalamus）的那一個核區為人體生物時鐘（biological clock）之主要節律點（pacemaker）？", "options": {"A": "paraventricular nucleus", "B": "preoptic nucleus", "C": "ventromedial nucleus", "D": "suprachiasmatic nucleus"}, "answer": "suprachiasmatic nucleus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位病人因肺部腫瘤，施行經支氣管切片，其組織學變化如圖二所示，下列何者為最合適的描述？", "options": {"A": "呈現乾酪狀壞死（caseous necrosis）變化", "B": "有角質珠（keratin pearl）的存在", "C": "具腺體樣結構（glandular structure）", "D": "以神經性上皮（neuroepithelium）為主"}, "answer": "具腺體樣結構（glandular structure）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在臨床上有一部分的小孩因類胰島素成長因子（insulin-like growth factor; IGF-1）的缺乏，因此造成生長發育遲緩的現象，下列何種藥物可以用來促進其生長發育？", "options": {"A": "重組人類生長激素（recombinant human growth hormone）", "B": "Octreotide", "C": "Mecasermin", "D": "Pegvisomant"}, "answer": "Mecasermin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 63 歲糖尿病患者因大葉性肺炎伴隨敗血症及腎衰竭住院，接受抗生素治療 3 週後出現腹脹拉肚子，糞便有少許血絲以及黏液，大腸鏡檢查發現大腸黏膜上覆蓋黃色膜樣的斑塊，糞便 Clostridium difficile toxin 呈陽性反應，下列何者為最有可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "毒性巨結腸症（toxic megacolon）", "B": "偽膜性結腸炎（pseudomembranous colitis）", "C": "輻射小腸結腸炎（radiation enterocolitis）", "D": "腸套疊（intussusception）"}, "answer": "偽膜性結腸炎（pseudomembranous colitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "胃賁門部（cardiac portion）上皮那類細胞最多？", "options": {"A": "表面黏膜細胞（surface mucous cells）", "B": "腸內分泌細胞（enteroendocrine cells）", "C": "壁細胞（parietal cells）", "D": "再生幹細胞（regenerative stem cells）"}, "answer": "表面黏膜細胞（surface mucous cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "王君，男性 25 歲，第一次搭摩天大樓的電梯時，恐慌發作，以後王君不敢再搭任何密閉式電梯，但王君搭飛機來往國內外多趟，並未發生恐慌發作，也可勝任密閉式實驗室的工作，逛百貨公司搭扶手電梯也都沒有問題。王君最適合的診斷是什麼？", "options": {"A": "恐慌症（panic disorder）", "B": "懼高症（acrophobia）", "C": "電梯畏懼症（specific phobia of elevator）", "D": "懼曠症（agoraphobia）"}, "answer": "電梯畏懼症（specific phobia of elevator）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "原始致癌基因（proto-oncogenes）能夠透過下列機制轉變為致癌基因（oncogenes），何者除外？", "options": {"A": "化學性誘導突變（chemical-induced mutation）", "B": "染色體重組 \t", "C": "病毒感染", "D": "其啟動區（promoter region）發生突變導致該蛋白質合成量下降"}, "answer": "其啟動區（promoter region）發生突變導致該蛋白質合成量下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位患有尋常天瘡（Pemphigus vulgaris）的孕婦，剛剛平安產下 3000 公克的小男嬰，但是隨即發現小男嬰身上及四肢分布有紅斑，有些紅斑上有小水，因此迅速被送入新生兒加護病房治療。他的病因為何？", "options": {"A": "母親的自體免疫疾病之抗體，抗 desmoglein 3 抗體（anti-desmoglein 3 antibody）通過胎盤，暫時引起之病徵", "B": "母親的自體免疫疾病之抗體，抗 dsDNA 抗體（anti-dsDNA antibody）通過胎盤，引起之胎兒皮膚系統之自體免疫病", "C": "母親治療自體免疫疾病的用藥，在他身上引起不良反應", "D": "母親的自體免疫疾病之遺傳，而且他一出生即發病"}, "answer": "母親的自體免疫疾病之抗體，抗 desmoglein 3 抗體（anti-desmoglein 3 antibody）通過胎盤，暫時引起之病徵", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "Rotenone 會抑制粒線體電子傳遞鏈的那一個步驟？", "options": {"A": "NADH→coenzyme Q", "B": "Cyt b→Cyt c1", "C": "Cyt c1→Cyt c", "D": "Cyt c→Cyt (a+a3)"}, "answer": "NADH→coenzyme Q", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "第三顱神經受損，最可能影響下列何種動作？", "options": {"A": "咀嚼", "B": "臉龐流汗", "C": "緊閉眼睛", "D": "上眼瞼上抬"}, "answer": "上眼瞼上抬", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一位腦死病患，最不適合成為腎臟移植的捐贈者？", "options": {"A": "43 歲，糖尿病病患 \t", "B": "35 歲，腎結石病史者", "C": "37 歲，十二指腸潰瘍病史", "D": "20 歲，HIV 陽性"}, "answer": "20 歲，HIV 陽性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，有關上述病人在縫合後的應注意事項，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "給予灌腸", "B": "給予軟便劑", "C": "給予冰敷", "D": "給予抗生素"}, "answer": "給予灌腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "44 52 歲女性病患，因左側腰痛到泌尿科求診，經身體檢查只發現以前因子宮肌瘤行子宮切除術及膽囊結石接受腹腔鏡手術的傷痕，尿液分析 RBC：2-5/HPF，WBC：2-5/HPF，Sugar(- )，Protein(- )， BUN：19.1 mg/dL，Cr：0.58 mg/dL，Uric acid：5.1 mg/dL，安排 IVU（靜脈注射尿路攝影）檢查 （如圖），可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "腎外的鈣化", "B": "左腎盞結石", "C": "左腎血管鈣化", "D": "兩側輸尿管結石"}, "answer": "左腎盞結石", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "47 25 歲女性，G1P0，月經規則，週期 42 天，產前超音波呈現胎兒頭臀徑（CRL, crown-rump length） 1 公分，請問懷孕週數為：", "options": {"A": "6 週", "B": "8 週", "C": "10 週", "D": "12 週"}, "answer": "12 週", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 可能合併何種腫瘤？", "options": {"A": "lymphoma", "B": "neuroblastoma", "C": "Wilms' tumor", "D": "hepatoblastoma"}, "answer": "Wilms' tumor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關背部的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "豎脊肌（erector spinae）為脊柱的主要伸肌群", "B": "背部菱形肌（rhomboid muscle）的外型在上臂平舉時方為易見", "C": "位在枕下三角內的動脈為枕下動脈（suboccipital artery）", "D": "構成枕下三角頂部的肌肉為頭半脊肌（semispinalis capitis）"}, "answer": "位在枕下三角內的動脈為枕下動脈（suboccipital artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "82 下列敘述中，何者是神經母細胞（Neuroblast）相關腫瘤之特點？  ", "options": {"A": "有可能自行消退（Spontaneous regression） \t", "B": "神經節神經細胞瘤（Ganglioneuroma）中會有不少神經母細胞之存在", "C": "嬰兒罹患神經母細胞瘤（Neuroblastoma）一旦有皮膚之轉移，預後極差", "D": "所有神經節神經母細胞瘤（Ganglioneuroblastomas）都屬良性腫瘤"}, "answer": "有可能自行消退（Spontaneous regression） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是雄性素（androgen）過度刺激所引起之可能副作用？", "options": {"A": "Priapism", "B": "Polycythemia", "C": "Prostate enlargement", "D": "Weight loss"}, "answer": "Weight loss", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下圖所示嬰兒頭部經常維持在向右傾斜的姿勢，並在右側頸部摸到一個鴿蛋大的硬塊，則下列何種方向的頭部活動會受限？", "options": {"A": "頭部前屈", "B": "頭部後仰", "C": "頭部轉向右側", "D": "頭部轉向左側"}, "answer": "頭部轉向右側", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "25 歲機車騎士遭到時速 60 公里汽車撞擊後被送入急診，到院時意識清楚，下列情境對於頸部 X 光檢查之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "無神經理學症狀者，仍可能有頸椎損傷 \t", "B": "側面頸椎 X 光片須包括 7 節頸椎及第一節胸椎", "C": "外傷病人若側面頸椎 X 光片正常，就可以將頸圈取下", "D": "若側面頸椎 X 光片無法看到第 7 頸椎，就要加照 swimmer's view"}, "answer": "外傷病人若側面頸椎 X 光片正常，就可以將頸圈取下", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位罹患惡性腫瘤的 5 歲男童在作完第五次化療後發現尿中有蛋白。單次小便的 protein/creatinine<1.0。同時尿液中發現有糖分、磷酸及碳酸（glycosuria，phosphaturia，bicarbonate loss）。下列何種組織構造是其受傷部位？", "options": {"A": "腎絲球（glomerulus）", "B": "近端腎小管（proximal tubules）", "C": "亨利氏環（Henle's loop）", "D": "遠端腎小管（distal tubules）"}, "answer": "近端腎小管（proximal tubules）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種抗結核菌用藥不適合使用於孕婦？", "options": {"A": "isoniazid", "B": "streptomycin", "C": "rifampin", "D": "ethambutol"}, "answer": "streptomycin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "以下何者不屬於水銀（汞）中毒最常見的症狀？", "options": {"A": "性情變化，暴躁易怒 \t", "B": "步履不穩", "C": "腕垂症 \t", "D": "顫抖"}, "answer": "腕垂症 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "使用成人呼吸器 \"volume-cycled\" 通氣模式時，降低吸氣流量（flow rate）之設定，而維持其他設定，會產生下列何種現象？", "options": {"A": "延長吸氣時間（Ti）", "B": "增加潮氣容積（VT）", "C": "增加尖峰吸氣壓（PIP）", "D": "增加呼吸次數（RR）"}, "answer": "延長吸氣時間（Ti）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "根據American Society for Reproductive Medicine Revised Classification of Endometriosis，若病患手術中評估之score為28 分，其子宮內膜異位嚴重度為那一個stage？", "options": {"A": "Stage I", "B": "Stage II", "C": "Stage III", "D": "Stage IV"}, "answer": "Stage III", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於人工生殖技術（assisted reproductive technology）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "為增加懷孕率，植入的胚胎數越多越好", "B": "所謂人工生殖技術是指經過取卵過程之相關治療", "C": "預防FSH surge是人工生殖技術中很重要的一環", "D": "誘導排卵時，GnRH-antagonist可抑制FSH surge"}, "answer": "所謂人工生殖技術是指經過取卵過程之相關治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "帶有下列何種染色體或基因異常的急性骨髓性白血病之預後最壞？", "options": {"A": "FLT3 internal tandem duplication", "B": "NPM1 mutation", "C": "t(15;17) \t", "D": "inv(16)"}, "answer": "FLT3 internal tandem duplication", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，該患者在手術前發現血中β-HCG 值為 1,050 1U/L（正常＜2.5），α-fetoprotein（AFP）值為 330 ng/mL（正常＜6），手術後五天再追蹤一次，假使病人現在已經完全沒有腫瘤存在，則下列何種結果最有可能？", "options": {"A": "β-HCG：＜2.5；AFP＜6", "B": "β-HCG：800；AFP：80", "C": "β-HCG：30；AFP：10", "D": "β-HCG：25；AFP：160"}, "answer": "β-HCG：25；AFP：160", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Bowen's disease是那一個部位的疾病？", "options": {"A": "子宮體", "B": "子宮頸", "C": "陰道", "D": "外陰"}, "answer": "外陰", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名媽媽發現她10個月大，一向很健康的女嬰腹部腫脹且一整天未解便而就醫。身體檢查發現女嬰腹部有明顯壓痛且腸音幾乎消失。腹部X光檢查發現小腸明顯擴張，但無游離空氣的存在。下列何種情況最可能發生在女嬰身上？", "options": {"A": "十二指腸閉鎖（duodenal atresia）", "B": "赫希普氏病（Hirschsprung disease）", "C": "腸\t疊（intussusception）", "D": "梅克爾氏憩室（Meckel diverticulum）"}, "answer": "腸\t疊（intussusception）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "乳暈皮膚在哺乳時能分泌潤滑液保護乳暈及乳頭，其腺體的屬性是：", "options": {"A": "皮脂腺", "B": "汗腺", "C": "乳腺", "D": "毛囊腺"}, "answer": "皮脂腺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "51.有關兒童腹股溝疝氣（inguinal hernia）的敘述，下列何者正確？①早產兒發生率較高 ②多為直接型疝氣（direct type） ③ 手術以疝氣袋高位結紮為主 ④手術年齡需大於一歲 ", "options": {"A": "②④", "B": "僅①③", "C": "①③④", "D": "①②③"}, "answer": "僅①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一人因胃部疼痛而求診，內視鏡檢查發現是胃潰瘍，經採胃部切片檢驗後發現為幽門桿菌感染，因此醫師開了三種抗生素給患者服用，其一是 clarithromycin。此抗生素之主要作用機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "抑制該菌之細胞壁合成", "B": "抑制該菌之核酸合成", "C": "抑制該菌之蛋白質合成", "D": "抑制該菌之細胞膜合成"}, "answer": "抑制該菌之蛋白質合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "佩佩第一次產檢抽血結果發現她的紅血球比較小，MCV 67 fL，MCH 21 pg，血紅素 Hb 12.3 g/dL，產前諮詢時，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "佩佩有可能是地中海型貧血帶因（carrier）或者是缺鐵性貧血", "B": "應該請佩佩的先生也回門診抽血驗全血球計數（CBC），如果先生的 MCV 也小於 80 fL，要請夫妻雙方一起作地中海型貧血的基因檢測", "C": "地中海型貧血分為 thalassemia major, thalassemia minor 以及 thalassemia intermedia", "D": "如果夫妻雙方一個是甲型帶因，一個是乙型帶因，可能會生下重症的小孩，須靠終生輸血"}, "answer": "如果夫妻雙方一個是甲型帶因，一個是乙型帶因，可能會生下重症的小孩，須靠終生輸血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "勃起功能障礙（erectile dysfunction）最常見的原因是？", "options": {"A": "精神因素（psychogenic factor）", "B": "荷爾蒙因素（hormonal factor）", "C": "動脈因素（arterial factor）", "D": "混合因素（mixed factors）"}, "answer": "混合因素（mixed factors）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "新藥上市前，在臨床試\t階段，其受試對象在1000～3000名，屬於第幾階段的臨床試\t？", "options": {"A": "第四階段", "B": "第三階段", "C": "第二階段", "D": "第一階段"}, "answer": "第三階段", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是因胚胎發育異常造成的甲狀腺組織位置變異？", "options": {"A": "舌後甲狀腺（lingual thyroid）", "B": "異位性甲狀腺（ectopic thyroid）", "C": "迷路甲狀腺（lateral aberrant thyroid）", "D": "甲狀腺舌骨囊腫（thyroglossal duct cyst）"}, "answer": "迷路甲狀腺（lateral aberrant thyroid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "自動吐氣末正壓現象（Auto-PEEP），最容易出現於下列何種病患身上？", "options": {"A": "迷漫性大腦病變", "B": "兩側廣泛性肺炎", "C": "重度慢性阻塞性肺疾", "D": "嚴重呼吸肌無力"}, "answer": "重度慢性阻塞性肺疾", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關 Basal ganglia 的神經訊息傳導之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Corpus striatum（包含 caudate 與 putamen）為接收來自 cerebral cortex 的運動計畫訊息之主要結構", "B": "Substantia nigra 為接收來自 cerebral cortex 的運動計畫訊息之主要結構", "C": "Globus pallidus 為接收來自 cerebral cortex 的運動計畫訊息之主要結構", "D": "Basal ganglia 的傳出訊息由 caudate 發出，傳入 thalamus，再由 thalamus 傳至 cerebral cortex 的運動區"}, "answer": "Corpus striatum（包含 caudate 與 putamen）為接收來自 cerebral cortex 的運動計畫訊息之主要結構", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "發生急性心肌梗塞的患者，其心肌梗塞區的心肌細胞出現帶狀收縮（contraction band）及心肌間質出血所代表的意義為：", "options": {"A": "血栓擴展造成冠狀動脈完全阻塞及梗塞區擴大", "B": "血栓溶解治療導致梗塞區血液再灌流", "C": "非血栓性冠狀動脈阻塞所導致的心肌梗塞", "D": "非完全阻塞性冠狀動脈狹窄所導致的心內膜下心肌梗塞"}, "answer": "血栓溶解治療導致梗塞區血液再灌流", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關腦下垂體細胞（pituicytes），下列敘述何項正確？", "options": {"A": "此細胞位於腦下垂體前葉（pars distalis）", "B": "此細胞分泌催產素（oxytocin）與抗利尿激素（ADH/vasopressin）", "C": "此細胞具有 Herring 小體（Herring bodies）", "D": "此細胞屬神經膠細胞（neuroglial cell）"}, "answer": "此細胞屬神經膠細胞（neuroglial cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "女性骨盆腔最小的徑線為何？", "options": {"A": "骨盆腔入口前後徑", "B": "中骨盆腔前後徑", "C": "中骨盆腔橫徑", "D": "骨盆腔出口橫徑"}, "answer": "中骨盆腔橫徑", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "72 歲女性由其女兒陪同就診。女兒告訴醫師她母親罹患失智症已五年，無法跟人溝通，平日由她照顧。三個小時前母親跌倒致右肩腫痛。理學檢查發現手臂、腳、腹部及背部有多處深淺不一之瘀青，頭及右上臂有壓痛點。X 光檢查顯示右肱骨頭骨折。下列處置何者較適當？", "options": {"A": "安排全血球計數（CBC），凝血時間（clotting time）及其它檢查以排除血液疾病", "B": "打石膏，固定止痛後，請女兒帶回家，並請他們要注意跌倒的預防", "C": "照會骨科，做完內固定後，回家療養即可", "D": "需懷疑是老人虐待，必要時尋求資源予以安置"}, "answer": "需懷疑是老人虐待，必要時尋求資源予以安置", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "29.治療發紺性先天性心臟病常用的外科Blalock-Taussig分流術式（Blalock-Taussig shunt），主要是連接下列那二 條血管，以達到改善缺氧的效果？\n", "options": {"A": "鎖骨下動脈和同側肺靜脈（Subclavian artery and pulmonary vein of the same side）", "B": "升主動脈和肺動脈（Ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery）", "C": "頸動脈和同側肺動脈（Carotid artery and subclavian artery of the same side）", "D": "鎖骨下動脈和同側肺動脈（Subclavian artery and pulmonary artery of the same side）"}, "answer": "鎖骨下動脈和同側肺動脈（Subclavian artery and pulmonary artery of the same side）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關情感性疾患混合發作（mixed episode），係指躁症與鬱症之混合症狀迅速交替出現，時間至少持續多少天？", "options": {"A": "一", "B": "四", "C": "七", "D": "十四"}, "answer": "七", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "聲音由空氣傳經人體中耳，依鎚骨與鉆骨之槓桿原理，聲音增加了幾分貝？", "options": {"A": "3", "B": "10", "C": "15", "D": "20"}, "answer": "3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "62.在下背痛的篩選中，下列何種症狀代表病人可能是罹患一種嚴重的病變（所謂 red flag），須轉介至相關科別", "options": {"A": "夜間疼痛且愈來愈嚴重", "B": "病人身體質量指數（BMI）高", "C": "合併下肢疼痛", "D": "曾有腰椎手術病史"}, "answer": "夜間疼痛且愈來愈嚴重", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "Penicillamine常用來治療下列何種結石？", "options": {"A": "草酸鈣結石（calcium oxalate stone）", "B": "尿酸結石（uric acid stone）", "C": "腎石灰沈\t症（nephrocalcinosis）", "D": "胱氨酸結石（cystine stone）"}, "answer": "胱氨酸結石（cystine stone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名 38 歲女性，最近 1 個月來黃疸現象愈來愈明顯，過去幾年來，她曾有過幾次右上腹絞痛的經驗，她接受肝臟切片檢查，顯微鏡檢查可見明顯膽管增生及膽管內膽汁滯留的現象，但肝臟細胞沒有發炎或壞死的變化。下列何者是引起她黃疸最可能的原因？", "options": {"A": "急性 C 型病毒性肝炎（Acute viral hepatitis C）", "B": "原發性膽道性肝硬化（Primary biliary cirrhosis）", "C": "肝外膽管阻塞（Extrahepatic biliary obstruction）", "D": "威爾森氏症（Wilson disease）"}, "answer": "肝外膽管阻塞（Extrahepatic biliary obstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 55 歲男性，有長年抽菸、嚼檳榔與酗酒習慣。因口腔鱗狀上皮細胞癌接受手術前合併化學與放射線治療，之後發生吞嚥疼痛現象。內視鏡檢查發現食道下三分之一處有一直徑約 1.5 公分不規則形潰瘍，病理切片檢查如圖所示。最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "念珠菌（Candida）感染", "B": "口腔鱗狀上皮細胞癌轉移至食道", "C": "合併食道鱗狀上皮細胞癌", "D": "單純疱疹病毒（herpes simplex virus）感染"}, "answer": "單純疱疹病毒（herpes simplex virus）感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "72.病人主訴右下腹逐漸悶痛、腹脹、反胃一整天。腹部電腦斷層檢查呈現如附圖。箭號所指之異常最符合下列那一項初診斷？  ", "options": {"A": "cecal diverticulitis", "B": "acute appendicitis", "C": "mesenteric adenitis", "D": "colon cancer"}, "answer": "acute appendicitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位36歲女性因車禍跌倒時，右臂受到直接撞擊，造成右前臂腫痛及變形，經X光檢查發現遠端橈骨骨折併遠端橈尺骨關節脫位，此病患最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Galeazzi氏骨折", "B": "Smith氏骨折", "C": "Monteggia氏骨折", "D": "Essex-Lopresti氏骨折"}, "answer": "Galeazzi氏骨折", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關慢性心衰竭的敍述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在聽診方面，收縮性左心衰竭病患可聽到第三心音，在舒張性左心衰竭常聽到第四心音", "B": "內頸靜脈的壓力能完全反應左心室的功能", "C": "身體診察（physical examination）可發現最大心尖搏動點（point of maximal impulse）由原本位置（第5肋間及左鎖骨中線）向左及向下偏離", "D": "左心室射出分量（left ventricular ejection fraction）為評估心臟收縮功能的指標"}, "answer": "內頸靜脈的壓力能完全反應左心室的功能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "viridans streptococci 感染所造成之心內膜炎，不能單獨使用 aminoglycosides 類的藥物，而必須合併 penicillin 的使用才能發揮其殺菌的效果，其主要原因為何？", "options": {"A": "aminoglycosides 類的藥物無法穿過 viridans streptococci 之細胞壁", "B": "aminoglycosides 無法與 viridans streptococci 的核糖體結合", "C": "viridans streptococci 沒有細胞壁結構", "D": "aminoglycosides 類的藥物無法穿過 viridans streptococci 之細胞膜"}, "answer": "aminoglycosides 類的藥物無法穿過 viridans streptococci 之細胞壁", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "心臟細胞的休息膜電位（resting membrane potential）主要是因為細胞膜內外的什麼離子濃度差所導致？", "options": {"A": "鈉", "B": "鉀", "C": "鈣", "D": "鎂"}, "answer": "鉀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於下列四種疾病的主要致病機轉，那兩種疾病的免疫過度反應（hypersensitivity reaction）最為接近？", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "②④", "C": "①④", "D": "②③"}, "answer": "①④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當酸性食糜（pH＜3）進入十二指腸內產生之生理反應，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "增加胃酸分泌 \t", "B": "降低膽汁的生成", "C": "增加富含碳酸氫根（bicarbonate）的胰液分泌", "D": "抑制富含酵素之胰液分泌"}, "answer": "增加富含碳酸氫根（bicarbonate）的胰液分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那種分子組合屬於調節 T 細胞（regulatory T cell）的標記？", "options": {"A": "CD3/CD28", "B": "CD4/CD25", "C": "CD3/CD8", "D": "CD16/CD56"}, "answer": "CD4/CD25", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "33 歲女性，G4P2A1，妊娠 33 週，依胎兒生物生理計分法（biophysical profile, BPP）得分為 4 分，最佳處置為何？", "options": {"A": "立即分娩", "B": "當天重複 BPP 試驗，若是小於或等於 6，立即分娩", "C": "三天後重複 BPP 試驗，若是小於或等於 8，立即分娩", "D": "七天後重複 BPP 試驗，若是小於或等於 8，立即分娩"}, "answer": "當天重複 BPP 試驗，若是小於或等於 6，立即分娩", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 12 歲男童因陰莖太短而就診，身體檢查發現陰莖 3 公分長，陰囊較小，未摸到睪丸，無尿道下裂且無陰毛發育，血液檢查顯示血清濾泡促素（FSH）及黃體促素（LH）值均高於正常範圍，睪固酮（testosterone）值＜0.2 ng/mL。下列那一項檢查對診斷的幫助最少？", "options": {"A": "染色體檢查 \t", "B": "腦垂體功能檢查", "C": "hCG 刺激試驗 \t", "D": "血清 antimüllerian hormone 濃度"}, "answer": "腦垂體功能檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位52歲男性病患因長期胃痛至某醫學中心求診。醫師安排做胃鏡檢查，發現該病人在胃幽門處有潰瘍，並採取若干胃黏膜組織，送細菌室培養。針對這些檢體，最適合的氣體培養環境為何？", "options": {"A": "大氣環境（含約20%氧氣）", "B": "無氧環境", "C": "高氧環境（含約50%氧氣）", "D": "低氧環境（含約5%氧氣）"}, "answer": "低氧環境（含約5%氧氣）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "78.張先⽣是⼀位⽊⼯，和妻⼦住在⼀起，每天都會抽⼀包菸且下班後會喝⼀點酒。有⼀次暈倒⼜很快醒來，檢查後發現他有左側頸動脈明顯狹窄，腦⾎管攝影發現狹窄⾼達90%。⾎管外科主治醫師建議他做頸動脈內膜刮除術或置放⽀架等治療，但告知張先⽣接受⼿術有立即死亡或中風的風險，張先⽣對⼿術感到遲疑，並說", "options": {"A": "和張先⽣充分討論後，先給予內科藥物治療，並安排戒菸計畫及定期追蹤", "B": "臨床不需考慮治療疾病以外的事，張先⽣的退休⾦不該影響你的醫療決策", "C": "張先⽣可能受到疾病的壓⼒無法做正確的判斷，應聯絡其家屬討論治療⽅向", "D": "先安排⼿術爭取治療時效性，進開⼑房再向張先⽣解釋此⼿術的風險即可"}, "answer": "和張先⽣充分討論後，先給予內科藥物治療，並安排戒菸計畫及定期追蹤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "對 chronic ulcerative colitis 的病人而言，下列何者非促成其形成癌症的因素之一？", "options": {"A": "潰瘍之深度", "B": "發病年齡", "C": "罹病之期限", "D": "病變範圍"}, "answer": "潰瘍之深度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是大麻的藥理作用？", "options": {"A": "緩解疼痛", "B": "降低食慾", "C": "欣快感（euphoria）和放鬆", "D": "減少噁心"}, "answer": "降低食慾", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "39 一位 41 歲健康女士，公司提供年度健康檢查發現血中 CA 19-9 數值為 42.6 U/mL，高於正常值（＜ U/mL），因此到醫院求助；其它項目皆無異狀。下列何者是比較合理的做法？", "options": {"A": "解釋並安慰 \t", "B": "安排大便潛血，胃鏡、大腸鏡", "C": "安排腹部超音波 \t", "D": "直接做電腦斷層攝影"}, "answer": "解釋並安慰 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在DNA複製中，下列何酵素功能主要是用以增加DNA複製之準確度？", "options": {"A": "單股DNA結合蛋白", "B": "3'→5'外切核酸酶", "C": "DNA連接酶", "D": "DNA解螺旋酶"}, "answer": "3'→5'外切核酸酶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "周全性老年評估可以發現老年人之潛在性可治療的健康問題，使老年人獲得較好的健康照顧。下列何種狀況最不適合作周全性老年評估？", "options": {"A": "疾病末期病人或有嚴重失智者", "B": "有多重疾病、服用多種藥物的老年人", "C": "日常生活活動功能不全的老年人，尤其在最近有惡化的情形者", "D": "最近多次住院，且原因未明確者"}, "answer": "疾病末期病人或有嚴重失智者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "74.\n 病人主訴胸骨後和上腹部疼痛且食慾不佳，胸部X光檢查呈現如圖，下列那一項診斷最正確？  \n", "options": {"A": "hiatal hernia", "B": "aortic dissection", "C": "myocardial infarction", "D": "pneumomediastinum"}, "answer": "hiatal hernia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關糖尿病慢性併發症的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病慢性併發症的發生與糖尿病的罹病期及血糖控制有關", "B": "病人最好能定期接受糖尿病慢性併發症的篩檢", "C": "病人可能有腹瀉或便秘的現象", "D": "糖尿病的腎臟病變在早期就會有肌酸酐上升的現象"}, "answer": "糖尿病的腎臟病變在早期就會有肌酸酐上升的現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 21 歲大學女生出現不斷檢查門窗，認為家中桌椅不乾淨，不斷擦拭，碰過桌椅的手需以水及肥皂反覆沖洗，且其腦中常有揮之不去「明知不可能是事實」的意念。請問此患者最有可能之臨床診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "慮病症（hypochondriasis）", "B": "妄想症（delusional disorder）", "C": "強迫症（obsessive compulsive disorder）", "D": "恐慌症（panic disorder）"}, "answer": "強迫症（obsessive compulsive disorder）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6 臺灣地區腎病比率偏高，王先生為腎功能受損（GFR 25～40 mL/min）的病人，將進行全髖關節置換 手術，下列有關麻醉的考量，何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "術中低血容為手術後腎衰竭的重要因素", "B": "腎功能不佳，故應絕對限制水分給予", "C": "mannitol 與利尿劑（furosemide）對急性腎衰竭病人之幫助不大", "D": "應放置導尿管，並監測術中尿輸出，使之大於 0.5 mL/kg/h"}, "answer": "腎功能不佳，故應絕對限制水分給予", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "26 六歲女童到兒科急診求診，主訴為尿液呈現紅色。急診室醫師幫女童安排尿液檢查，沒有看到紅血球。 下列何者最不可能是致病的原因？ \n", "options": {"A": "肌球蛋白尿（myoglobinuria）", "B": "血紅素尿（hemoglobinuria）", "C": "尿路外傷（urinary tract trauma）", "D": "藥物（如 rifampin，sulfasalazine）"}, "answer": "尿路外傷（urinary tract trauma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位70歲老先生沒繫妥安全帶，開小轎車撞上電線桿，顏面直接撞擊前面擋風玻璃，到達急診時顏面嚴重腫脹，口腔內有血絲，主訴頭部疼痛，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "治療老年外傷的傷患，病患的評估順序與一般外傷病患相同", "B": "老年人如有頭部外傷，症狀常延遲出現", "C": "隨\t年齡增加，老年人的生理代償功能降低", "D": "老年人外傷的預後，與罹患之慢性病無關"}, "answer": "老年人外傷的預後，與罹患之慢性病無關", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位年輕人因車禍受傷被送到急診，病人意識不清但亟需立即開刀，不過一時之間又找不到他的家人來簽同意書，醫師應該如何處理？", "options": {"A": "沒有病人同意、因此醫師不應開刀", "B": "先找一找有沒有護理人員願意代理決定，再進行開刀", "C": "雖然沒有病人同意，醫師仍應進行開刀", "D": "通報警局再決定是否開刀"}, "answer": "雖然沒有病人同意，醫師仍應進行開刀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關胃腸藥之服用方式，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "制酸劑（antacid）於飯後 1 小時口服", "B": "omeprazole 和制酸劑一起同時給與", "C": "sucralfate 在飯前給與", "D": "H2 blocker 在睡前給與"}, "answer": "omeprazole 和制酸劑一起同時給與", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 40 週出生體重 4100 公克經自然生產出生之男嬰，於出生後 8 小時發現他有間歇性兩側手腳抽動與眼神直視的現象。在懷疑新生兒抽搐（neonatal seizure）的考慮下，下列那一項措施錯誤？", "options": {"A": "先安排 EEG 檢查再給予抗癲癇藥物", "B": "立即抽血檢查血糖值及血鈣值", "C": "檢查是否有顱內出血 \t", "D": "確定母親是否有 gestational diabetes"}, "answer": "先安排 EEG 檢查再給予抗癲癇藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於粒線體腦病變？", "options": {"A": "Leigh 氏病 \t", "B": "雷特氏症候群（Rett syndrome）", "C": "雷氏症候群（Reye syndrome）", "D": "具 ragged-red fiber 之肌躍性癲癇（MERRF）"}, "answer": "雷特氏症候群（Rett syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關毛地黃使用於治療兒童心臟衰竭之敘述，何者不正確？", "options": {"A": "口服後 30 分鐘有初步效果，2~6 小時達最高效果 \t", "B": "60~85%能從胃腸道吸收", "C": "心電圖上 PR interval 延長就要停藥", "D": "低血鉀病人會加劇毛地黃中毒"}, "answer": "心電圖上 PR interval 延長就要停藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "39歲女性經診斷有十二指腸潰瘍及幽門螺旋桿菌感染，接受第一線殺菌藥物治療後，評估是否殺菌成功，下列何種檢查最簡便正確？", "options": {"A": "C13-urea breath test", "B": "血清幽門螺旋桿菌抗體檢查", "C": "經胃鏡切片組織學檢查", "D": "尿液幽門螺旋桿菌抗體檢查"}, "answer": "C13-urea breath test", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲未曾懷孕的病人主訴，在兩次月經間有出血，而且月經量增大，在過去 9 個月間，她接受了兩次子宮內膜刮搔術，但症狀並未緩解，口服避孕藥和抑前列腺素（antiprostaglandins）也沒有減少異常出血。下列何種處置最恰當？", "options": {"A": "子宮切除 \t", "B": "子宮鏡檢查", "C": "子宮內膜破壞術（endometrial ablation）", "D": "給予促性腺釋放激素刺激劑（GnRH agonist）"}, "answer": "子宮鏡檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列抗心律不整藥物中，何者較不會引起 Torsade de pointes 的副作用？", "options": {"A": "Amiodarone", "B": "Sotalol", "C": "Dofetilide", "D": "Quinidine"}, "answer": "Amiodarone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "乳房根除手術（Radical mastectomy）後有翼狀肩（Winged scapula）之現象，是因那一條神經損傷之故？", "options": {"A": "長胸神經（Long thoracic nerve）", "B": "胸背神經（Thoracodorsal nerve） \t", "C": "肋間神經（Intercostal nerve）", "D": "橈神經（Radial nerve）"}, "answer": "長胸神經（Long thoracic nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者能外展手臂？", "options": {"A": "棘下肌（infraspinatus）", "B": "棘上肌（supraspinatus）", "C": "肩胛下肌（subscapularis）", "D": "小圓肌（teres minor）"}, "answer": "棘上肌（supraspinatus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者最容易造成代謝性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）？", "options": {"A": "嚴重嘔吐（severe vomiting）", "B": "嚴重腹瀉（severe diarrhea）", "C": "過度換氣（hyperventilation）", "D": "消化性潰瘍（peptic ulcer）"}, "answer": "嚴重腹瀉（severe diarrhea）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於總膽管囊腫（choledochal cyst）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "女性的比例較高", "B": "手術的方法以囊腫全切除併Roux-en-Y膽管空腸吻合", "C": "很少有黃疸（jaundice）的現象", "D": "若不全切除囊腫，日後有惡性變化的可能"}, "answer": "很少有黃疸（jaundice）的現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "導管燒灼術（catheter ablation）對於下列那一種不整脈，往往沒有良好的治療效果？", "options": {"A": "冠心症導致的心室頻脈\t", "B": "房室結再進入之上心室性頻脈（atrioventricular nodal reentrant supraventricular tachycardia）", "C": "心房撲動（atrial flutter）", "D": "WPW 症候群相關之上心室性頻脈"}, "answer": "冠心症導致的心室頻脈\t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列對於情感性疾患（mood disorders）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "重度憂鬱症之盛行率，女性通常是男性的兩倍", "B": "第一型雙極性疾患（bipolar I disorder）之盛行率，男性與女性差不多，但女性比男性會有較多躁症之發作", "C": "第一型雙極性疾患之發作年齡較重度憂鬱症早", "D": "重度憂鬱症之平均發作年齡約為 40 歲"}, "answer": "第一型雙極性疾患（bipolar I disorder）之盛行率，男性與女性差不多，但女性比男性會有較多躁症之發作", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "我國全民健康保險之預防保健服務不包括：", "options": {"A": "成人預防保健服務", "B": "預防職業病健康檢查", "C": "孕婦產前檢查", "D": "兒童預防保健服務"}, "answer": "預防職業病健康檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於膽色素（bile pigment）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "為血紅素分解之產物 \t", "B": "參與脂肪的消化作用", "C": "全部由糞便排出 \t", "D": "在肝細胞中與白蛋白（albumin）結合"}, "answer": "為血紅素分解之產物 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位24歲病人被發現有血紅蛋白H疾病（hemoglobin H disease），下列何種血紅蛋白在此病人特別多？", "options": {"A": "α2γ2", "B": "α2δ2", "C": "β4", "D": "γ4"}, "answer": "β4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關梅氏神經叢（Meissner's plexus）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "調節黏膜層蠕動與腺體之分泌", "B": "分布在消化道肌肉層中", "C": "類似交感神經有刺激括約肌的功能", "D": "在漿膜層常見"}, "answer": "調節黏膜層蠕動與腺體之分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "蘇先生，65 歲，過去兩年來由於重症肌無力一直在神經內科接受藥物治療。最近一星期來呼吸逐漸急促，因而至急診就醫，理學檢查並無發燒，呼吸速率 32/分鐘，胸部聽診並無雜音。胸部 X 光並無異常，且動脈血氧氣飽和度為 98%，則下列何者為最適當處置步驟？", "options": {"A": "肺功能檢查（FVC 和 Pimax）", "B": "動脈血氣體分析", "C": "追蹤胸部 X 光攝影", "D": "肺部電腦斷層攝影"}, "answer": "肺功能檢查（FVC 和 Pimax）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性過去有糖尿病、高血壓、高血脂及常年抽菸的病史。4 週前因冠狀動脈狹窄，接受經 femoral artery 之 PTCA（percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty）治療。目前主訴尿量減少，全身倦怠，輕微發燒住院。檢查結果顯示血壓偏高 180/100 mmHg，下肢有網狀斑（livedo reticularis）及水腫，血中 creatinine 由 4 週前之 1.2 mg/dL 上升到 5.7 mg/dL。則其初步診斷是：", "options": {"A": "contrast nephropathy \t \t", "B": "systemic vasculitis", "C": "atheroembolic renal disease（cholesterol emboli syndrome）", "D": "acute interstitial nephritis"}, "answer": "atheroembolic renal disease（cholesterol emboli syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者進入腎上腺髓質（suprarenal medulla），與嗜鉻細胞（chromaffin cell）形成突觸?", "options": {"A": "經小內臟神經（lesser splanchnic nerve）來的節前神經纖維（preganglionic fiber）", "B": "經腹腔神經節（celiac ganglion）來的節後神經纖維（postganglionic fiber）", "C": "經主動脈腎神經節（aorticorenal ganglion）來的節後神經纖維（postganglionic fiber）", "D": "經下腹下神經叢（inferior hypogastric plexus）來的節前神經纖維（preganglionic fiber）"}, "answer": "經小內臟神經（lesser splanchnic nerve）來的節前神經纖維（preganglionic fiber）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "解剖病例在基底核發現 Alzheimer 第二型星狀細胞，病人多半是罹患了：", "options": {"A": "Alzheimer 氏病", "B": "腦脫疝", "C": "肝性昏迷", "D": "Prion 引發的疾病"}, "answer": "肝性昏迷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "北洛尼氏病症（Peyronie's disease）經常和下列那一種病有相關？", "options": {"A": "手肌腱的 Dupuytren's contracture", "B": "多發性硬化症（multiple sclerosis）", "C": "骨骼系統的 von Recklinghausen's disease", "D": "纖維性囊腫（cystic fibrosis）"}, "answer": "手肌腱的 Dupuytren's contracture", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "缺乏抗體及補體時，容易遭受下列何者感染？", "options": {"A": "Mycobacterium species", "B": "Herpes virus \t", "C": "Pyogenic bacteria \t", "D": "Pneumocystis carinii"}, "answer": "Pyogenic bacteria \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "根據下述聽力圖，則下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "右耳傳導性重聽，左耳傳導性重聽", "B": "右耳傳導性重聽，左耳感音性重聽", "C": "右耳感音性重聽，左耳傳導性重聽", "D": "右耳感音性重聽，左耳感音性重聽"}, "answer": "右耳傳導性重聽，左耳感音性重聽", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "73.56歲女性，15個月前被診斷為卵巢癌接受化學治療，最近主訴有噁心、嘔吐及食慾不振 （anorexia）。半年前開始體重逐漸下降，已減輕20公斤，感覺越來越虛弱。檢查發現呼吸每分鐘約25次，結膜蒼白，腹部鼓脹，有腹水且有一10×30 cm之腫塊。治療此病人之惡病質（cachexia）與食慾不振，下列那一種藥物較適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "corticosteroid", "B": "prochlorperazine", "C": "morphine sulfate", "D": "cyproheptadine"}, "answer": "corticosteroid", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "傷口重建的原則及方法有①skin graft ②myocutaneous flap ③free flap ④linear closure ⑤skin flap，重建的思考順序是：", "options": {"A": "①②③④⑤", "B": "④⑤①③②", "C": "④①⑤②③", "D": "④⑤③①②"}, "answer": "④①⑤②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關 arginine vasopressin（AVP）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "AVP 又稱為抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone）", "B": "AVP 的抗利尿（antidiuretic）作用主要是經由凝血因子 VI 的受體（receptor）", "C": "AVP 會增加循環中凝血因子Ⅷ（Factor Ⅷ）的濃度", "D": "AVP 具有血管收縮（vasoconstriction）的作用"}, "answer": "AVP 的抗利尿（antidiuretic）作用主要是經由凝血因子 VI 的受體（receptor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "三尖瓣置換時，在那一部分下針時，必須很注意以免傷及傳導組織，造成術後傳導阻滯（heart block）？", "options": {"A": "前葉與後葉交界處 \t", "B": "前葉環部", "C": "中隔葉（septal leaflet）環部", "D": "後葉環部"}, "answer": "中隔葉（septal leaflet）環部", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 62 歲的男性患有輕微重症肌無力，經電腦斷層檢查發現有約 2 公分大小的前縱膈腔腫瘤，如果你要向家屬解釋病情，開刀前預測術後病理報告最可能是什麼？", "options": {"A": "畸形瘤（Teratoma） \t", "B": "胸腺瘤（Thymoma）", "C": "淋巴瘤（Lymphoma）", "D": "神經原性腫瘤（Neurogenic tumor）"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤（Thymoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於梅克爾憩室（Meckel diverticulum），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最常見的臨床表現為無痛性出血，其次為腸阻塞", "B": "通常位於離迴盲瓣（ileocecal valve）50～75公分內的迴腸端", "C": "可能含有異位性組織（ectopic tissue），胃組織比胰組織常見", "D": "年紀小的幼童比年紀大的孩童，更易發生憩室炎（diverticulitis）"}, "answer": "年紀小的幼童比年紀大的孩童，更易發生憩室炎（diverticulitis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關焦慮性疾患（anxiety disorders）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "針對特定畏懼症（specific phobia）的治療，目前被認為最有效者仍是藥物治療", "B": "焦慮症常併有物質使用疾患，必須小心釐清焦慮症狀是否和物質有關", "C": "廣泛性焦慮症（generalized anxiety disorder）患者以女性較多", "D": "近期酒精過度飲用及支持系統不佳，均為創傷後壓力症候群的危險因子"}, "answer": "針對特定畏懼症（specific phobia）的治療，目前被認為最有效者仍是藥物治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "10.一位52歲在魚市場送貨的張先生，之前每週一到週六清晨5時載貨到某魚市場工作時，能扛10公斤為一箱的海 鮮穿梭於市場約10來趟，勝任愉快。上週日參加喜宴，多喝了一些酒，第二天在同一魚市場進行相同工作時發覺走了5趟就覺得喘，需要休息10分鐘才能再搬貨。他原以為前一晚沒睡好，只要回家休息就可恢復，沒想\n 到接下來3天皆是如此，因此前來醫院就醫。醫師的初步診斷為心衰竭。請問根據紐約心臟協會的功能分類\n （NYHA functional classification），應屬於：\n", "options": {"A": "第一級", "B": "第二級", "C": "第三級", "D": "第四級"}, "answer": "第二級", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "75.一位體重50公斤有C型肝炎及憂鬱症病史之中年婦人，與丈夫吵架後服用36顆", "options": {"A": "考慮給予acetylcysteine", "B": "口服活性碳（activated charcoal）", "C": "檢測血中鉀離子濃度", "D": "保守觀察，不需進一步處理"}, "answer": "保守觀察，不需進一步處理", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "97 一位 18 歲女性，因為這幾個月來覺得下腹部不適而就醫。骨盆腔檢查發現她左側卵巢有一個 10 公分大的腫瘤，右側卵巢及子宮大小正常。她接受腫瘤切除手術。肉眼觀察發現這是一個實體灰白色的腫瘤。顯微鏡下可見腫瘤大多數是由不分化的間質細胞組成，部分細胞有軟骨或神經上皮分化。 有關此腫瘤的敘述，下列何者正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "是一種惡性腫瘤 \t", "B": "腫瘤細胞源自卵巢的間質細胞", "C": "此腫瘤常伴隨子宮內膜增生", "D": "此腫瘤與 BRCA1 基因異常有關"}, "answer": "是一種惡性腫瘤 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者沒有發出分支構成膝關節動脈吻合網（genicular anastomosis）？", "options": {"A": "股動脈（femoral artery）", "B": "膕動脈（popliteal artery）", "C": "腓動脈（fibular artery）", "D": "脛前動脈（anterior tibial artery）"}, "answer": "腓動脈（fibular artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "人體試驗開始進行前，計畫書須先通過人體試驗委員會（IRB）之審查。若需變更計畫書內容，需經人體試驗委員會通過，方可改變作業方式。但在什麼情況下，不需經人體試驗委員會通過，可直接不照計畫書內容執行？", "options": {"A": "僅修正受試者同意書之文字，未變更作業內容", "B": "經人體試驗委員會以簡易審查（expedited procedures）的程序審查通過之計畫書", "C": "為及時避免受試者遭受傷害者", "D": "降低受試者的藥物劑量，使得風險改變"}, "answer": "為及時避免受試者遭受傷害者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在職業肺部疾病之檢查中，一氧化碳擴散速率（DLco）的異常下降，較常見於下列何者？", "options": {"A": "矽肺症 \t", "B": "棉花肺症 \t", "C": "職業性氣喘 \t", "D": "慢性阻塞性肺病"}, "answer": "矽肺症 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於精神分裂症患者所出現之思考「內容」障礙？", "options": {"A": "被害妄想（delusion of persecution）", "B": "關係意念（idea of reference）", "C": "被跟蹤妄想（delusion of being followed）", "D": "思考聯結鬆弛（loosening of associations）"}, "answer": "思考聯結鬆弛（loosening of associations）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一段抗原蛋白片段被 T 細胞辨識時，不會與下列那一個分子直接接觸？", "options": {"A": "CD3 複合體分子 \t", "B": "主要組織相容性複合體（MHC）分子", "C": "T 細胞受體（TCR）α 鏈", "D": "T 細胞受體（TCR）β 鏈"}, "answer": "CD3 複合體分子 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "依照International Continence Society所提出Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system（POP-Q）不同部位缺陷之定量測量，其數值之呈現可用另一種方式：以一條直線數 串方式來表示，如-3, -4, -8, -10, -3, -3, 11, 4, 3。但是，此列數值於何測量部位是不合情理？", "options": {"A": "Point Aa", "B": "Point Ba", "C": "Point C", "D": "Point D"}, "answer": "Point Ba", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在下列四種神經元受損情況下，那一種最容易產生痙攣型構音障礙（spastic dysarthria）？", "options": {"A": "單側上運動神經元（unilateral upper motor neuron）", "B": "單側下運動神經元（unilateral lower motor neuron）", "C": "雙側上運動神經元（bilateral upper motor neuron）", "D": "雙側下運動神經元（bilateral lower motor neuron）"}, "answer": "雙側上運動神經元（bilateral upper motor neuron）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關痲瘋的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "癩瘤型痲瘋（lepromatous leprosy）病變組織中可以發現有極多的痲瘋桿菌", "B": "在癩瘤型痲瘋，是由於細胞性及體液性（humoral）免疫反應兩者均有缺失的緣故", "C": "在類結核型痲瘋（tuberculoid leprosy），是由於細胞性免疫反應太強的緣故，其肉芽腫中較難發現細菌", "D": "痲瘋桿菌經由人與人之間散布，可能由呼吸傳染"}, "answer": "在癩瘤型痲瘋，是由於細胞性及體液性（humoral）免疫反應兩者均有缺失的緣故", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關⼼臟⾎管系統的⾝體檢查與評估，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "所謂differential cyanosis指的是發紺現象單獨出現在下肢，要考慮有從右到左的⾎液分流（shunting）病態", "B": "當⽪膚看起來有點像青銅⾊的⾊素沉積之際，⼼衰竭的鑑別診斷要考量⾎⾊素沈著病（hemochromatosis）", "C": "⾺凡⽒症（Marfan's syndrome）除了⾝形瘦⻑之外，在牙齦上的表現常常是有較低的牙腭⼸（low-arched", "D": "所謂的杵狀指（clubbing finger）是暗⽰著病患可能有從右到左的⾎液分流（shunting）病態⽣理現象"}, "answer": "⾺凡⽒症（Marfan's syndrome）除了⾝形瘦⻑之外，在牙齦上的表現常常是有較低的牙腭⼸（low-arched", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，阻塞性位置最常發生在：", "options": {"A": "十二指腸", "B": "空腸", "C": "迴腸", "D": "升結腸"}, "answer": "迴腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "威爾遜氏病（Wilson's disease）是一種銅代謝的先天性異常，角膜會有 Kayser-Fleischer ring，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "該環狀銅質色素沈積於角膜中心", "B": "該色素沈積位於角膜上皮層", "C": "相同的環狀銅質色素，也會出現於圓錐角膜（keratoconus）的病人", "D": "色素沈積於 Descemet's membrane 該層"}, "answer": "色素沈積於 Descemet's membrane 該層", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關失語症的相關敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "如中風發生位置在優勢大腦中腦動脈的主幹（middle cerebral artery main stem），病患有可能呈現全面性失語症（global aphasia） \t", "B": "全面性失語症的病患其聽說能力異常，但讀寫能力是正常的", "C": "交叉性失語症（crossed aphasia）係指慣用手為右手的病患，當右側腦部有病變時產生典型失語症之症狀", "D": "命名性失語症（anomic aphasia）常由其他類型失語症轉變而來"}, "answer": "全面性失語症的病患其聽說能力異常，但讀寫能力是正常的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 19 歲大學女生，因骨盆腔巨大腫瘤接受手術治療，發現是左側卵巢不成熟型畸胎瘤（immature teratoma），有關她的治療預後因子為：", "options": {"A": "amount of undifferentiated neural tissue \t", "B": "degree of glandular differentiation", "C": "presence of solid parts more than cystic parts \t", "D": "presence of sexual pseudoprecocity"}, "answer": "amount of undifferentiated neural tissue \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲男性因車禍造成頸椎損傷，右側肢體無力但左側溫痛覺異常。這最可能是何種脊髓損傷？", "options": {"A": "anterior cord syndrome", "B": "Brown-Séquard syndrome", "C": "central cord syndrome", "D": "complete spinal cord injury"}, "answer": "Brown-Séquard syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種情形最不適合接種注射型非活性流感疫苗？", "options": {"A": "罹患糖尿病的 70 歲老人", "B": "懷孕 32 週的孕婦", "C": "罹患輕度心室中隔缺損的 3 個月嬰兒", "D": "罹患發紺性心臟病的 6 歲兒童"}, "answer": "罹患輕度心室中隔缺損的 3 個月嬰兒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲女性抱怨說做了流產手術後，月經不來。她最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Gonadal dysgenesis", "B": "Sheehan syndrome", "C": "Kallmann syndrome", "D": "Asherman's syndrome"}, "answer": "Asherman's syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "將檢體貯存於 4℃兩週以上，再進行細菌分離的冷藏增殖法（cold enrichment），適用於下列何種菌屬的病菌？", "options": {"A": "沙門氏菌屬（Salmonella）", "B": "亞辛氏菌屬（Yersinia） \t", "C": "幽門桿菌屬（Helicobacter）", "D": "霍亂弧菌屬（Vibrio）"}, "answer": "亞辛氏菌屬（Yersinia） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是屬於補體的 C3 轉化酶（C3 convertase）？", "options": {"A": "C5b67", "B": "C3a", "C": "C3b", "D": "C3bBb"}, "answer": "C3bBb", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於小兒麻痺病毒（Poliovirus）之敘述，何者為錯？", "options": {"A": "分類上屬於小 RNA 病毒科（Picornaviridae），包括三種血清型 \t", "B": "其疫苗有沙克疫苗及沙賓疫苗，均為包含三種血清型之混合疫苗", "C": "感染後大部分人出現中樞神經症狀，少部分人為無症狀感染", "D": "麻痺性脊髓灰白質炎（paralytic poliomyelitis）主要是因為此病毒感染脊髓前角細胞（anterior horn cell）所致"}, "answer": "感染後大部分人出現中樞神經症狀，少部分人為無症狀感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "小學 3 年級的李小弟最近功課退步，老師說他上課時常常發呆，有時嘴巴還動來動去，不知在吃什麼；事後問他，他總是很無辜的說：「沒有啊！」在門診時請李小弟連續深呼吸 3 分鐘，結果做了一半他又開始發呆。下列那一個檢查最能診斷出李小弟的病？", "options": {"A": "心理測驗", "B": "24 小時心電圖", "C": "腦電圖", "D": "生長激素測定"}, "answer": "腦電圖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "59 某病患發生車禍造成脊髓損傷，肚臍以下完全沒有感覺，下肢肌肉力量也完全喪失。根據美國脊髓 損傷協會（ASIA）的分類標準，其狀況應表示為下列何者？\n", "options": {"A": "ASIA：A, level：T4", "B": "ASIA：E, level：T4", "C": "ASIA：A, level：T10", "D": "ASIA：E, level：T10"}, "answer": "ASIA：A, level：T10", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "15 一位 25 歲男性病人，平日身體健康，喜歡野外旅遊，10 天前剛從澎湖旅遊回到臺中，2 天前開始出現發燒、倦怠感及頭痛，前往某診所就診後，服用一些感冒藥但並未退燒，於是到某醫院就診，血液檢查 發現白血球：3600/μL、AST：120 IU/L、ALT：80 IU/L，於右側腋窩附近發現有一焦痂（eschar）。請問最有可能的致病原為何？ \n", "options": {"A": "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "B": "Hantavirus", "C": "Burkholderia pseudomallei", "D": "Coxiella burnetii"}, "answer": "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "腎臟髓質的高滲透度環境主要是因為氯化鈉與下列那一種物質累積所造成？", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "銨離子", "C": "尿素", "D": "蛋白質"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "34歲婦女，不孕症5年，經檢查發現雙側輸卵管水腫（hydrosalpinx），卵巢功能正常，先生精液檢查正常，下一步應建議她做何治療？", "options": {"A": "人工授精", "B": "打排卵針增加懷孕機會", "C": "吃排卵藥增加懷孕機會", "D": "腹腔鏡輸卵管整型、造口或切除手術"}, "answer": "腹腔鏡輸卵管整型、造口或切除手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "脊髓刺激（spinal cord stimulation）可以有效降低慢性神經性疼痛，下列何者並非常見的適應症？", "options": {"A": "脊椎術後症候群（failed back syndrome）", "B": "脊髓損傷相關疼痛（pain associated spinal cord injury）", "C": "癌症痛（cancer pain）", "D": "截肢後疼痛（postamputation limb pain）"}, "answer": "癌症痛（cancer pain）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於臺灣之 B 型肝炎疫苗注射，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "臺灣已施行新生兒全面 B 型肝炎疫苗注射", "B": "青少年之帶原率已由疫苗接種前 15%，降低到目前之 5%", "C": "兒童肝癌的年發生率已有顯著下降", "D": "若母親為 e 抗原陽性的 B 型肝炎帶原者，新生兒除接受疫苗注射外，需於出生 24 小時內注射 B 型肝炎免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "若母親為 e 抗原陽性的 B 型肝炎帶原者，新生兒除接受疫苗注射外，需於出生 24 小時內注射 B 型肝炎免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於細胞週期蛋白質（cyclin）之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在細胞週期中能被活化和分解", "B": "是催化蛋白質磷酸化酵素的調控因子", "C": "能與泛肽素（ubiquitin）連結", "D": "能直接催化蛋白質的磷酸化的一種激酶（kinase）"}, "answer": "能直接催化蛋白質的磷酸化的一種激酶（kinase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當某種離子在細胞膜兩側達成電化學平衡（electrochemical equilibrium）時，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "細胞膜電位（membrane potential）等於 0", "B": "該種離子在細胞膜兩側之濃度相等", "C": "細胞膜內側之正電荷總數等於細胞膜外側之負電荷總數", "D": "此時之膜電位即為該種離子之平衡電位（equilibrium potential） 2 下列關於階梯電位（graded potentials）的敘述，何者正確？"}, "answer": "此時之膜電位即為該種離子之平衡電位（equilibrium potential） 2 下列關於階梯電位（graded potentials）的敘述，何者正確？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "人類與小鼠的腸道中，寄生有上千種的共生菌，但是正常個體並不會對這些共生菌產生免疫反應，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "共生菌不像致病菌會利用毒性因子，破壞上皮細胞或是引起發炎細胞激素之分泌", "B": "與共生菌存在的上皮細胞會分泌TGF-β等細胞激素", "C": "腸道的免疫系統主要會產生IgA與共生菌結合，而後引起補體的活化清除共生菌", "D": "腸道的上皮細胞在接觸共生菌的表面，並不會表現Toll-like receptors及CD14，因此較不易產生發炎反應"}, "answer": "腸道的免疫系統主要會產生IgA與共生菌結合，而後引起補體的活化清除共生菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於21-羥酶缺乏（21-hydroxylase deficiency）所致之先天性腎上腺增生（congenital adrenal hyperplasia）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "男嬰的外陰部會出現性器混淆（ambiguous genitalia）", "B": "大多數患兒會出現電解質失調（electrolyte disturbance）", "C": "男童比女童易罹患此症", "D": "臨床上常以21-羥酶酵素活性（enzyme activity）的測定作為診斷的依據"}, "answer": "大多數患兒會出現電解質失調（electrolyte disturbance）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 DNA 複製（DNA replication）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "DNA 複製以半保留（semiconservative）模式進行", "B": "DNA 複製過程中會產生引導股（leading strand）與落後股（lagging strand）", "C": "DNA 合成（DNA synthesis）由 3'往 5'端進行", "D": "DNA 複製後，原始模版（parental strand）與新合成模版（newly synthesized strand）兩股以反向平行（antiparallel）形成雙股結構"}, "answer": "DNA 合成（DNA synthesis）由 3'往 5'端進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "戴奧辛在各項環境介質中的污染及其對國人健康造成的影響深受關注。下列何者為國內戴奧辛排放量最高之污染來源？", "options": {"A": "廢棄物焚化爐", "B": "金屬冶煉業", "C": "農田露天燃燒", "D": "有機氯農藥製造"}, "answer": "金屬冶煉業", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "年輕的主動脈瓣狹窄的病人接受 Ross 手術式時，其主動脈瓣用下列何種瓣膜來置換？", "options": {"A": "機械性人工瓣膜（mechanical prosthesis）", "B": "生物性人工瓣膜（bioprosthesis）", "C": "同種之生物瓣膜（homograft）", "D": "自體之肺動脈瓣（autograft）"}, "answer": "自體之肺動脈瓣（autograft）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位27歲的男性，因手肘關節部位疼痛而來求診，經病史詢問及身體檢查發現，懷疑為肱骨外上髁炎（lateral epicondylitis），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "肱骨外上髁是前臂、手腕、以及手指的伸肌（extensor）肌腱附\t處（origin）", "B": "肱骨外上髁炎又稱為高爾夫球肘（golfer's elbow）", "C": "身體檢查可以發現肱骨外上髁處有壓痛", "D": "病患作前臂伸展（extension）及外旋（supination）抗阻力的動作時會有疼痛"}, "answer": "肱骨外上髁炎又稱為高爾夫球肘（golfer's elbow）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 gene transfer 所使用的 vectors？", "options": {"A": "adenovirus", "B": "retrovirus", "C": "liposome-DNA", "D": "naked RNA"}, "answer": "naked RNA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲女性至急診主訴突然發作之左下腹劇烈疼痛且有盜汗及嘔吐情形，正常月經剛結束十天，懷孕檢測為陰性，下列何者是最可能之臨床診斷？", "options": {"A": "闌尾炎（appendicitis）", "B": "子宮內膜異位（endometriosis）", "C": "子宮外孕（ectopic pregnancy）", "D": "卵巢扭轉（ovarian torsion）"}, "answer": "卵巢扭轉（ovarian torsion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一個胺基酸在蛋白質的α螺旋（α-helix）結構中很少出現？", "options": {"A": "脯胺酸（proline） \t", "B": "甲硫胺酸（methionine）", "C": "色胺酸（tryptophan）", "D": "組胺酸（histidine）"}, "answer": "脯胺酸（proline） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "1 歲小女生被帶至急診，家屬陳述 4 天前即開始有鼻塞、流鼻涕，今日開始出現如「狗吠」般的咳嗽，偶爾會仰頭呼吸且有喘鳴，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "立刻以壓舌板檢查喉嚨是否有感染的徵象", "B": "主要病變處應在聲門下區，而聲門上區與聲門區可能正常", "C": "胸部 X 光片可見氣管影像成尖塔狀（steeple sign）", "D": "較可能為病毒感染，不建議立即使用抗生素"}, "answer": "立刻以壓舌板檢查喉嚨是否有感染的徵象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "71 一位 74 歲患有攝護腺癌並且已經發生轉移，兩年前他已接受睪丸切除手術，此外他未曾接受其他治療，而且一直都保持很健康。直到最近他發現右側髖關節劇痛，全身性骨頭掃描發現彌漫性多處骨 頭轉移，骨盆 X 光檢查顯示右側髖關節被腫瘤所浸潤破壞，試問接下來應如何處理？ \n", "options": {"A": "給予男性荷爾蒙 \t", "B": "給予 LH-RH analog", "C": "以止痛劑控制疼痛 \t", "D": "局部放射治療右側髖關節"}, "answer": "局部放射治療右側髖關節", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "評估醫療品質，常用 Donabedian 所提出的三個構面來檢視，其中，落實醫事人員證照制度，是在改善那一個構面？", "options": {"A": "背景", "B": "結構", "C": "過程", "D": "結果"}, "answer": "結構", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "77.一位35歲女性癲癇患者，近5日來出現全身倦怠、食慾不佳和發燒症狀，至急診時生命徵象如下：血壓 95/60 mmHg，心跳 125次/分鐘，呼吸 20次/分鐘，體溫39.5℃，全身多處皮膚疼痛異常且出現如圖的病灶。下列敘述何者錯誤？   ", "options": {"A": "可能的診斷為toxic epidermal necrolysis 或是 Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "B": "藥物史必須詳盡，將藥物不良反應列入考慮", "C": "Nikolsky Sign為陰性", "D": "比照燒傷病患的處理原則，大量給予輸液，避免低血容性休克"}, "answer": "Nikolsky Sign為陰性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "50 歲男性，因右肩持續疼痛至復健科求診。檢查時發現：右肩肌力減弱，右眼眼皮下垂，瞳孔較左眼為小。下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "身體診查時，應發現右眼眼球外突", "B": "需進行胸部 X 光檢查", "C": "僅需進行右肩膀 X 光檢查", "D": "為頸椎病變，需進行頸椎 X 光檢查"}, "answer": "需進行胸部 X 光檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "50歲男性，無明顯症狀，影像檢查如圖所示，請選出最合適的描述：", "options": {"A": "肝臟有一囊腫，位於肝門附近", "B": "有一腫瘤位於後縱膈腔", "C": "超音波抽吸可改善其壓迫症狀", "D": "需考慮手術的可能"}, "answer": "需考慮手術的可能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不會導致非感染性角膜炎？", "options": {"A": "類風濕性關節炎", "B": "第二條腦神經麻痺", "C": "第五條腦神經麻痺", "D": "第七條腦神經麻痺"}, "answer": "第二條腦神經麻痺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關手術中輸血的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "血液成分輸血治療（blood component therapy）原則於手術中仍適用", "B": "大量輸血（massive transfusion）時，必須適量補充新鮮冷凍血漿", "C": "輸血反應在手術麻醉下，不會發生", "D": "耶和華見證人（Jehovah's Witnesses）病患在術前應與他們討論輸血問題"}, "answer": "輸血反應在手術麻醉下，不會發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "根據Hunt and Hess SAH classification，一個蜘蛛膜下腔出血（SAH）病人，臨床上只有輕微頭痛及輕微頸部僵硬，且無其他神經學檢查異常（focal neurological deficit），其grade應為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "2", "C": "3", "D": "4"}, "answer": "1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關 paleospinothalamic system 之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "與意識狀態有關 \t", "B": "可傳導痛覺", "C": "傳導路徑不經過網狀系統（reticular formation）", "D": "此體感覺傳導系統較缺乏定位功能"}, "answer": "傳導路徑不經過網狀系統（reticular formation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關譫妄（delirium）的敘述，何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "老年人住院時譫妄的發生率，平均約為1.0～5.0 %", "B": "失智症（dementia）是譫妄最主要的前置因子（predisposing factor）", "C": "鴉片類藥物（opioids）或是抗膽鹼劑（anti-cholinergics）的使用，可有效幫助患者減少譫妄的發生", "D": "身體約束（physical restraint）及benzodiazepines注射，目前被建議用於譫妄的治療"}, "answer": "失智症（dementia）是譫妄最主要的前置因子（predisposing factor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "位於下視丘（hypothalamus）之 osmoreceptor 為：", "options": {"A": "Mechanoreceptor", "B": "Chemoreceptor", "C": "Nociceptor", "D": "Stress receptor"}, "answer": "Chemoreceptor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "37.⼀位46歲女性因為常常頭暈，爬樓梯時感到很喘⽽來醫院求診。⾝體檢查除臉⾊與結膜蒼⽩之外，並無其他明顯異常。患者⾎壓106/76 mmHg，脈搏每分 72次，規則⼼跳，無發燒，亦無體重減輕或是食慾降低的現象。⾎液數據顯⽰⾎紅素7.6 g/dL，⽩⾎球4,030/μL，無異常分類，⾎⼩板418,000/μL，MCV 74.8 fL（參考區間80～100），ferritin 3.84 ng/mL（參考區間28～365），serum iron 10 μg/dL（參考區間51～209）， TIBC（total iron binding capacity）459 μg/dL（參考區間268～593）。⾎液抹片如下圖所⽰。有關這位病⼈最可能的疾病之描述，下列何者錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "此類病⼈的⾎液中的reticulocyte counts常是降低的", "B": "此類病⼈的骨髓中的sideroblast比例常是降低的", "C": "此類病⼈的紅⾎球中的protoporphyrin 量常是降低的", "D": "此類病⼈的red cell distribution width（RDW）index常是增加的"}, "answer": "此類病⼈的紅⾎球中的protoporphyrin 量常是降低的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關乳房發炎或膿瘍（abscess）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "膿瘍通常發生在剛餵母奶時的前幾週", "B": "葡萄球菌感染（Staphylococcus infection）較容易引起乳房局部性、深部之膿瘍", "C": "鏈球菌感染（Streptococcus infection）較容易引起乳房全面性蜂窩組織炎（cellulitis）", "D": "在嚴重慢性乳房感染，單純乳房切除（simple mastectomy）是絕對禁止的"}, "answer": "在嚴重慢性乳房感染，單純乳房切除（simple mastectomy）是絕對禁止的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "1.2個月大女嬰，咳嗽已有3個星期之久，近幾天甚至偶爾咳至唇色發紫，這陣子並無發燒現象。血液檢查WBC為", "options": {"A": "adenovirus", "B": "Bordetella pertussis", "C": "enterovirus", "D": "Streptococcus pneumoniae"}, "answer": "Bordetella pertussis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "做視⼒檢測時，只能看到藍道爾（Landolt）⽒視⼒表上的0.4視標，表⽰：", "options": {"A": "要向前⾛到距離視⼒表四公尺處，才能看到1.0的視標", "B": "對應之最⼩視⾓（minimal angle of resolution）為五分之⼆分⾓（minute of arc）", "C": "該眼只剩下40%的視覺效能（visual efficiency）", "D": "相當於史奈倫（Snellen）⽒視⼒表檢查的20/50視⼒"}, "answer": "相當於史奈倫（Snellen）⽒視⼒表檢查的20/50視⼒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者最容易造成 photosensitivity 的副作用？", "options": {"A": "Hydralazine", "B": "Diphenhydramine", "C": "Promethazine", "D": "Penicillin"}, "answer": "Promethazine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者細菌不是急性鼻竇炎常見菌種？", "options": {"A": "Staphylococcus aureus", "B": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "C": "Haemophilus influenzae", "D": "Moraxella catarrhalis"}, "answer": "Staphylococcus aureus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲男性，準備出國旅遊而至門診諮詢，他擔心旅遊期間在國外生病的問題。下列何者是國際旅遊者最常見的疾病？", "options": {"A": "旅遊者腹瀉", "B": "性傳染病", "C": "寄生蟲感染", "D": "瘧疾"}, "answer": "旅遊者腹瀉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "生產時第一產程後期及第二產程的疼痛傳導是經由：", "options": {"A": "T10-L1", "B": "T12-S2", "C": "S2-S4", "D": "L1-L5"}, "answer": "T10-L1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於心包填塞（cardiac tamponade），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "頸靜脈鼓脹 \t", "B": "低血壓 \t", "C": "奇脈（paradoxical pulse）", "D": "常有 Kussmaul's sign"}, "answer": "常有 Kussmaul's sign", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關血紅素（hemoglobin）與氧氣的結合與釋放之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "高濃度的 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸（2,3-bisphosphoglycerate）能降低血紅素對氧氣的親和力", "B": "pH 值的下降可增強血紅素對氧氣的親和力", "C": "當血紅素中鐵與氧氣結合時會被氧化成三價鐵離子", "D": "氧氣結合在任何一個血基質（heme）皆不會受另外其他三個血基質的影響"}, "answer": "高濃度的 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸（2,3-bisphosphoglycerate）能降低血紅素對氧氣的親和力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲的婦人來到門診，她罹患系統性紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE）已有五年，控制良好，最近她懷孕三個月，很怕胎兒會受 SLE 的影響發生新生兒狼瘡（neonatal lupus erythematosus, NLE），請問若此媽媽血中測得下列何種物質，則胎兒容易發生 NLE？", "options": {"A": "A low C4 concentration", "B": "Anti-Ro antibodies", "C": "Anti-Smith antibodies", "D": "Thrombocytopenia"}, "answer": "Anti-Ro antibodies", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "右圖為何種胞器（organelle）？", "options": {"A": "高基氏體（Golgi apparatus）", "B": "粗糙內質網（Rough endoplasmic reticulum）", "C": "平滑內質網（Smooth endoplasmic reticulum）", "D": "粒線體（Mitochondria）"}, "answer": "粗糙內質網（Rough endoplasmic reticulum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位40歲病患突發心悸、臉色蒼白、冒冷\t、意識模糊，血壓70/30 mmHg，其心電圖如下，應做何處置較適當？", "options": {"A": "施予頸動脈竇按摩", "B": "注射atropine", "C": "同步心臟整流（cardioversion）", "D": "注射adenosine"}, "answer": "同步心臟整流（cardioversion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "補體 C5-C9 形成之胞膜破壞結構體（membrane attack complex）有缺乏時，會產生下列何種現象？", "options": {"A": "易有免疫複合體疾病（immune complex disease）", "B": "易有自體免疫疾病（autoimmune disease）", "C": "對於傳統補體路徑（classical complement pathways）之活化大有影響，因此凋亡細胞之清除受到影響", "D": "無法防範細胞內細菌如 Neisseria meningitidis 之感染"}, "answer": "無法防範細胞內細菌如 Neisseria meningitidis 之感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "18個月大的男孩，因昏迷被送到急診室，腦部電腦斷層攝影發現右顳部有硬腦膜下出血，身體診察無外傷。據母親敘述此男孩從小頭圍比正常小孩大，曾有醫師懷疑有水腦。下列那種先天性代謝疾病最為可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "苯酮尿症（phenylketonuria）", "B": "中鏈脂肪酸去氫酶缺乏症（medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency）", "C": "戊二酸尿症第一型（glutaric aciduria type I）", "D": "異戊酸血症（isovaleric acidemia）"}, "answer": "戊二酸尿症第一型（glutaric aciduria type I）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "6 一位 43 歲男性病人因工作關係，7 天前發生燒傷達全身 35%表面積，外科醫師安排常規清創與植皮手 術，下列敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "若有吸入性燒傷時，需仔細評估病人之氣道情形，必要時須讓病人在清醒狀況下進行光纖內視鏡插入氣管內管", "B": "切除壞死組織有時會伴隨大量失血，大管徑的靜脈導管置入是必要的", "C": "燒傷病人進行手術時，手術室室溫應儘量降低，以避免傷口術後感染", "D": "燒傷 24 小時後，使用肌肉鬆弛劑 succinylcholine 會使體內鉀離子濃度上升，應避免使用"}, "answer": "燒傷病人進行手術時，手術室室溫應儘量降低，以避免傷口術後感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "80 A 君在求診時被診斷有 AIDS。基於個人因素，A 君希望主治醫師不要將他的病情透露給其配偶知道。 下列主治醫師的處置何者不適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "依法通報衛生主管單位", "B": "與 A 君溝通，說服他向他的配偶說明病情", "C": "若 A 君拒絕向配偶說明病情，可私下將實情告知 A 君的親友", "D": "可請社工或心理師對 A 君提供諮詢或輔導"}, "answer": "若 A 君拒絕向配偶說明病情，可私下將實情告知 A 君的親友", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關狂犬病（rabies）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是被感染了狂犬病細菌的病狗咬傷所引起的", "B": "最初的入侵部位為肌肉；最終之感染部位為心臟", "C": "最好的預防策略是對動物施打疫苗", "D": "病原細菌入侵僅數天即嚴重發病"}, "answer": "最好的預防策略是對動物施打疫苗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "何種生殖細胞腫瘤（germ cell tumor）對放射線治療效果之反應最好且可能根治？", "options": {"A": "絨毛膜癌（choriocarcinoma）", "B": "胚胎癌（embryonal carcinoma）", "C": "胚組織瘤（germinoma）", "D": "內胚層竇腫瘤（endodermal sinus tumor）"}, "answer": "胚組織瘤（germinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於鈉-鉀離子唧筒（Na+-K+pump）的機制，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "每運送三莫耳（moles）鈉離子至細胞外需水解一莫耳ATP", "B": "與鈉離子結合後會導致鈉-鉀離子唧筒的磷酸化", "C": "Cardiotonic steroid，如洋地黃（digitalis）會結合並抑制心臟細胞之鈉-鉀離子唧筒的功能", "D": "磷酸化的鈉-鉀離子唧筒對鉀離子的親和力低於對鈉離子的親和力"}, "answer": "磷酸化的鈉-鉀離子唧筒對鉀離子的親和力低於對鈉離子的親和力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "50歲男性，患有高血壓與尋常性乾癬，下列那一類抗高血壓藥物會惡化乾癬，宜避免處方？", "options": {"A": "diuretics", "B": "β-blocker", "C": "calcium channel blocker", "D": "α-blocker 42."}, "answer": "β-blocker", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一類型膠原蛋白（collagen）纖維是彈性（elastic）軟骨與透明（hyaline）軟骨的基質中都有的？", "options": {"A": "Type I", "B": "Type II", "C": "Type III", "D": "Type IV"}, "answer": "Type II", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 8 歲小男孩，因為牙齦發黑，檢查發現 cortisol 下降，ACTH 上升，診斷為 Addison 病。患童定時補充 cortisone acetate，但是在治療一年半後，發現學習上有退步的現象，而且走路也不太穩。下列的後續診斷發現，何者最不合理？", "options": {"A": "腦部核磁共振檢查發現有白質退化的現象", "B": "血液超長鏈脂肪酸分析結果不正常", "C": "小男孩 4 歲的弟弟也罹病", "D": "家族史分析中發現父系親屬中也有一位男孩發病"}, "answer": "家族史分析中發現父系親屬中也有一位男孩發病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關肺傳導區（conducting zone）之功能，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "分泌黏液（mucus） \t", "B": "形成無效腔（dead space）", "C": "分泌表面作用素（surfactant）", "D": "調控呼吸道阻力（airway resistance）"}, "answer": "分泌表面作用素（surfactant）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Nitric oxide（NO）可以直接活化下列何種酵素？", "options": {"A": "Adenylate cyclase", "B": "Membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase", "C": "Cytosolic guanylyl cyclase", "D": "Protein kinase C"}, "answer": "Cytosolic guanylyl cyclase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列關於阿茲海默症（Alzheimer disease）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "意識障礙是首發症狀", "B": "為持續性、進行性、可逆性病程", "C": "病理特徵為老年斑（senile plaques）和神經纖維糾結（neurofibrillary tangles）", "D": "疾病早期不會有人格改變"}, "answer": "病理特徵為老年斑（senile plaques）和神經纖維糾結（neurofibrillary tangles）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關靜脈竇型（sinus venosus）心房中隔缺損（atrial septal defect，ASD）之敍述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常合併肺靜脈回流異常", "B": "缺損的位置，有時是在心房中隔底部接近下腔靜脈開口", "C": "手術修補時，一般需使用布塊（patch）修補", "D": "可以使用導管手術來關閉缺損"}, "answer": "可以使用導管手術來關閉缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "格雷夫斯病（Graves' disease）可以選擇下列何種藥物來治療？", "options": {"A": "Levothyroxine", "B": "Methimazole", "C": "Propranolol", "D": "Octreotide"}, "answer": "Methimazole", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在處理⼀個困難的傷⼝時，我們常以肌⾁⽪瓣（muscle flap）來重建缺損，根據 Mathes & Nahai 的分類，以下敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "臀⼤肌（gluteus maximus）和腹直肌（rectus abdominis）⽪瓣都屬於type II", "B": "闊背肌（latissimus dorsi）由單⼀⾎管莖供應，屬於type I", "C": "適合取較⼤肌⾁來重建缺損的是屬於type I、III、V", "D": "股薄肌（gracilis）是屬於type IV，所以只能取⼀⼩部分肌⾁來重建缺損"}, "answer": "適合取較⼤肌⾁來重建缺損的是屬於type I、III、V", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "切除腮腺後，顏面神經主幹可追溯至顱底何處？", "options": {"A": "卵圓孔（foramen ovale）", "B": "蝶腭孔（sphenopalatine foramen）", "C": "莖乳突孔（stylomastoid foramen）", "D": "眼眶下裂（infraorbital fissure）"}, "answer": "莖乳突孔（stylomastoid foramen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 85 歲男性，三個月來發生運動時嚴重呼吸困難，一週前昏厥來門診就醫，聽診發現收縮期射出型心雜音（systolic ejection murmur）並延伸至右頸部，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "本病人發生此疾病的原因，最常見的是風濕性心臟病", "B": "心臟超音波測量二尖瓣開口面積，可評估本病人心臟疾病的嚴重程度", "C": "本病人如未積極治療，存活率大約一年半至兩年", "D": "心臟瓣膜氣球擴張術是本病人治療的首選方法"}, "answer": "本病人如未積極治療，存活率大約一年半至兩年", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在⼤腸桿菌中，下列何者為Dam甲基化酶（Dam methylase）所扮演的功能？", "options": {"A": "甲基化尿嘧啶（uracil），使之轉化為胸腺嘧啶（thymine）", "B": "對DNA模板股（template strand）的修飾，以便DNA修復系統的辨認", "C": "去除模板股（template strand）上的錯誤配對", "D": "修復編碼股（coding strand）上的錯誤配對"}, "answer": "對DNA模板股（template strand）的修飾，以便DNA修復系統的辨認", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關 aphasia 之病徵與可能受損部位的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "語言理解能力正常，說話困難，慢且不流暢，可能受損部位是 Broca's area \t", "B": "語言理解能力正常，說話困難，慢且不流暢，可能受損部位是 angular gyrus", "C": "語言理解能力正常，說話流暢，但無意義，可能受損部位是 angular gyrus", "D": "語言理解能力正常，說話流暢，但無意義，可能受損部位是 Wernicke's area"}, "answer": "語言理解能力正常，說話困難，慢且不流暢，可能受損部位是 Broca's area \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者對於預防外傷病人發生破傷風（tetanus）和氣性壞疽（gas gangrene）均極重要？", "options": {"A": "給予抗毒素", "B": "送入高壓氧艙", "C": "清除壞死組織", "D": "給予疫苗"}, "answer": "清除壞死組織", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於此疾病的治療，下列何者具有最佳療效？", "options": {"A": "塗抹hydroquinone", "B": "塗抹tretinoin", "C": "波長532 nm的雷射", "D": "波長694 nm的雷射"}, "answer": "波長694 nm的雷射", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有一位研究者想了解抽菸和肥胖間的相關，肥胖程度用身體質量指數測量，身體質量指數（BMI）＝體重（公斤）÷身高2（公尺），此研究者想描述抽菸者和非抽菸者的BMI集中趨勢，下列何者統計量最適合？", "options": {"A": "平均值", "B": "全距", "C": "百分比", "D": "眾數"}, "answer": "平均值", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "55 一名護士被感染愛滋病人血液的針頭刺到，這名病人血液中含有 viral RNA 濃度（107 copies/mL）。 下列何者為治療該名護士之首選方法？ \n", "options": {"A": "診測護士的血液是否含有 HIV", "B": "連續性給予 zidovudine 四星期", "C": "連續性給予 zidovudine 和 lamivudine 四星期", "D": "連續性給予 acyclovir 和 zidovudine 四星期"}, "answer": "連續性給予 zidovudine 和 lamivudine 四星期", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位足月男嬰出生時很順利，但是第三天大時開始出現黃疸，下列那一項最不可能是此嬰兒的黃疸原因？", "options": {"A": "生理性黃疸", "B": "Rh 血型不合", "C": "哺育母乳黃疸", "D": "泌尿道感染"}, "answer": "Rh 血型不合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在 Tetralogy of Fallot 病患的正面胸部 X 光中，下列何者為誤？", "options": {"A": "心臟的大小（size）可為正常", "B": "J 左心上緣可呈凹面狀（concavity）", "C": "肺的血管分布狀態可減少", "D": "心尖朝下"}, "answer": "心尖朝下", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "胺醯-tRNA合成酶（aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases）是一種活化胺基酸的酵素，其特徵為何？", "options": {"A": "能辨認特定的tRNA及胺基酸，促進胺醯-tRNA的合成", "B": "需要會同其他酵素將胺基酸結合到特定的tRNA上", "C": "需要以GTP活化胺基酸後，始能進行胺醯-tRNA的合成", "D": "可以將胺基酸直接與tRNA 3'-端結合而形成胺醯-tRNA"}, "answer": "能辨認特定的tRNA及胺基酸，促進胺醯-tRNA的合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "細胞被病毒感染後，在短時間內會分泌何種物質，來防止病毒進一步感染其他細胞？", "options": {"A": "抗體（Antibodies） \t", "B": "化學介質（Chemokines）", "C": "干擾素（Interferons）", "D": "腫瘤壞死因子（Tumor necrosis factor）"}, "answer": "干擾素（Interferons）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列因素當中，那一項影響受孕的程度最小？", "options": {"A": "輸卵管阻塞（tubal obstruction）", "B": "肌層內子宮肌瘤（intramural myoma）", "C": "子宮腔中隔（septum）", "D": "子宮內沾黏（intrauterine synechiae）"}, "answer": "肌層內子宮肌瘤（intramural myoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "51.梅克耳憩室（Meckel's diverticulum）所造成的下消化道出血，可利用下列何者做診斷？①99mTc-pertechnetate放射線同位素檢查 ②腹部超音波檢查 ③腹腔鏡探查 ④下消化道鋇劑攝影 ⑤大腸鏡檢查 ", "options": {"A": "①③", "B": "②⑤", "C": "④⑤", "D": "②④"}, "answer": "①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那種陰道感染與早產的關聯性最高？", "options": {"A": "Bacterial vaginosis  \t", "B": "Trichomonas vaginalis", "C": "Candidiasis \t", "D": "Herpes simplex infection"}, "answer": "Bacterial vaginosis  \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "罕見遺傳疾病 Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 基因突變，可能造成脂肪肝、低血糖、Octanoic acid 在血液中堆積、嗜睡、嘔吐及昏迷。下列有關該酶之功能敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "該酶之作用是將脂肪酸運入粒線體", "B": "該酶作用於 ω-oxidation", "C": "該酶之作用是將脂肪酸逐步轉化為 Pyruvate", "D": "該酶之作用是將脂肪酸逐步轉化為 Acetyl-CoA 31 \t下列關於 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 的敘述，何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "該酶之作用是將脂肪酸逐步轉化為 Acetyl-CoA 31 \t下列關於 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在因全⾝性免疫疾病造成的⾓膜邊緣潰瘍（marginal ulcer）病患中，最常⾒的全⾝性免疫疾病是：", "options": {"A": "全⾝性紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus）", "B": "類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）", "C": "結節性多動脈炎（polyarteritis nodosa）", "D": "Wegener⽒⾁芽腫（Wegener granulomatosis）"}, "answer": "類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "請在下列各原核細胞 RNA 聚合酶（RNA polymerase）次單元（subunit）中配對出其專一的功能？", "options": {"A": "a-I, b-II, c-III", "B": "a-III, b-II, c-I", "C": "a-III, b-I, c-II", "D": "a-II, b-III, c-I"}, "answer": "a-II, b-III, c-I", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "如圖所示之皮疹，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是缺脂性濕疹（asteatotic eczema）", "B": "常在秋冬季發生", "C": "主要發生於老人", "D": "勤於用熱水及肥皂洗澡，才能避免其發生"}, "answer": "勤於用熱水及肥皂洗澡，才能避免其發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "55 歲甲狀腺功能低下病人，主訴呼吸困難，胸部 X 光如附圖，則最正確的診斷應為：", "options": {"A": "鬱血性心衰竭（congestive heart failure）", "B": "二尖瓣閉鎖不全（mitral regurgitation）", "C": "大量心包膜積液（massive pericardial effusion）", "D": "主動脈瓣閉鎖不全（aortic regurgitation）"}, "answer": "大量心包膜積液（massive pericardial effusion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "依據DSM-IV-TR診斷標準，下列有關自閉症的敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "與典型自閉症比較，亞斯柏格症也有社交互動困難和侷限且重複的行為與興趣，但語言溝通常無困難", "B": "半數以上的自閉症兒童具有別人沒有的特殊才能（例如記憶超凡），而少數具有智能障礙", "C": "半數以上的自閉症患者一生中會癲癇發作", "D": "抗精神病藥物能改善其核心症狀"}, "answer": "與典型自閉症比較，亞斯柏格症也有社交互動困難和侷限且重複的行為與興趣，但語言溝通常無困難", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位懷孕 25 週的年輕孕婦，騎機車不慎撞擊前方小轎車而到急診就醫。她有兩側手掌及膝蓋擦傷，她很擔心的請問急診室王醫師有關她胎兒的情況。請問王醫師針對胎兒的檢查中，何者最為恰當？", "options": {"A": "腹部電腦斷層掃描 \t", "B": "Kleihauer-Betke 試驗", "C": "骨盆腔內診 \t", "D": "胎兒心跳監測"}, "answer": "胎兒心跳監測", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "鼻毛囊炎（folliculitis）最常見的致病菌為：", "options": {"A": "鏈球菌", "B": "綠膿桿菌", "C": "金黃色葡萄球菌", "D": "大腸桿菌"}, "answer": "金黃色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "玻尿酸（hyaluronic acid）是關節滑液的組成之一，是下列何種雙醣分子（disaccharide unit）的聚合物？", "options": {"A": "galactose及glucose", "B": "glucose及N-acetylglucosamine", "C": "D-glucuronic acid及fructose", "D": "D-glucuronic acid及N-acetylglucosamine"}, "answer": "D-glucuronic acid及N-acetylglucosamine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "錐鼻蟲（Triatoma / kissing bug）可以傳播下列何種寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "杜氏利什曼原蟲（Leishmania donovani）", "B": "熱帶利什曼原蟲（Leishmania tropica）", "C": "岡比亞錐蟲（Trypanosoma brucei gambiense）", "D": "枯西氏錐蟲（Trypanosoma cruzi）"}, "answer": "枯西氏錐蟲（Trypanosoma cruzi）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於介白素（interleukins）之訊息傳遞何者正確？", "options": {"A": "其受體主要是絲胺酸激酶型受器（receptor serine kinase）", "B": "活化轉錄因子STATs（signal transducers and activators of transcription）", "C": "主要是活化cAMP", "D": "主要由G protein參與反應"}, "answer": "活化轉錄因子STATs（signal transducers and activators of transcription）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "腹股溝管（Inguinal canal）的前壁由下列何者組成？", "options": {"A": "腹外斜肌腱膜（Aponeurosis）", "B": "腹橫肌膜（Fascia transversalis）", "C": "腹內斜肌 \t", "D": "腹橫肌"}, "answer": "腹外斜肌腱膜（Aponeurosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是配體管制型離子通道（ligand-gated ion channel）如菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體（nicotinic acetylcholine receptor）的特性？", "options": {"A": "在脂雙層中允許離子通透的帶電脂質", "B": "碰到特定的離子時才允許配體通過細胞膜", "C": "碰到特定的配體時才允許離子通過細胞膜", "D": "配體與細胞膜上相對應受體結合需依賴特定離子存在"}, "answer": "碰到特定的配體時才允許離子通過細胞膜", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "造成早發性（early-onset）新生兒感染的細菌中，最常見的格蘭氏陽性菌為：", "options": {"A": "金黃色葡萄球菌", "B": "B群鏈球菌 \t", "C": "肺炎雙球菌", "D": "大腸桿菌"}, "answer": "B群鏈球菌 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "抗甲狀腺藥物之副作用，下列何者最常見？", "options": {"A": "肝炎（hepatitis） \t", "B": "白血球過低（agranulocytosis）", "C": "皮疹（rash） \t", "D": "類紅斑狼瘡（SLE-like syndrome）"}, "answer": "皮疹（rash） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，那位病人給予生理食鹽水後可以矯正其電解質和酸鹼的不平衡？", "options": {"A": "甲病人", "B": "乙病人", "C": "丙病人", "D": "丁病人"}, "answer": "乙病人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 51 歲的女病人因罹患下 1/3 的直腸癌而直接進行低前位切除術治療，術後病理報告為Dukes' C2，術後第 5 天排氣，且小便自解無礙，逐步開始恢復進食，術後第 7 天順利排放大便，術後第 9 天出院。出院後隔天晚上，病人在家發現有多量的黃濁具臭味之液體自陰道口排出，病人又回醫院急診室就醫，則最可能是何種診斷？", "options": {"A": "尿路感染", "B": "月經週期來了", "C": "直腸陰道瘻管", "D": "偽膜性結腸炎"}, "answer": "直腸陰道瘻管", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "常見的 glycogen storage disease 是因為病人缺乏 glucose-6-phosphatase 所造成，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "glycogen synthesis 增加  \t", "B": "glucose-6-phosphate 無法轉化成 glucose-1-phosphate \t", "C": "病人血中 glucose 濃度可能偏低", "D": "glycolysis 異常"}, "answer": "病人血中 glucose 濃度可能偏低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "因尿路阻塞產生腎水腫（hydronephrosis）變化時，最早期的變化通常可見於下列何者？", "options": {"A": "renal pelvis", "B": "ureter", "C": "renal calices", "D": "renal papillae"}, "answer": "renal calices", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關 C 型肝炎病毒的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "屬於 Flaviviridae \t", "B": "具有 envelope", "C": "已經有疫苗可以預防感染", "D": "與肝癌有關"}, "answer": "已經有疫苗可以預防感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列血清學診斷項目中，何者對於全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）診斷的特異性最高？", "options": {"A": "紅斑性狼瘡細胞（LE cell）", "B": "類風濕因子（rheumatoid factor）", "C": "抗單鏈去氧核糖核酸抗體（anti-ss DNA）", "D": "抗雙鏈去氧核糖核酸抗體（anti-ds DNA）"}, "answer": "抗雙鏈去氧核糖核酸抗體（anti-ds DNA）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關「利他主義」（Altruism）、「公平」（Equity）、「正義」（Justice）、「效率」（Efficiency）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "「利他主義」的思考邏輯和個人偏好有關，因為具有利他思想的人會偏好生病者可以獲得適當的醫療服務", "B": "「公平」與「正義」的思考邏輯和個人偏好無關，因為公平正義的概念來自於一套特定價值標準的推導", "C": "有「效率」的醫療體系運作結果，自然會導致「公平」的資源配置", "D": "「利他主義」的思考邏輯和「效率」的概念均與個人偏好有關"}, "answer": "有「效率」的醫療體系運作結果，自然會導致「公平」的資源配置", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "24歲女性，主訴半年無月經，雙側乳房有白色分泌物，病患主訴無性經\t。下列檢查何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "TSH（thyroid stimulating hormone）", "B": "prolactin", "C": "詳細的藥物史", "D": "FSH（follicle stimulating hormone）"}, "answer": "FSH（follicle stimulating hormone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "原本健康的 20 歲原住民小華，十年前隨家人遷往臺北，已 5 年沒到山上。清晨坐車由臺北出發，早上 10 點就到達合歡山，白天無明顯不舒服，晚餐胃口不佳，晚上 10 點後在山上（高度 3050 公尺）有頭痛、頭暈、嘔吐、虛弱等症狀，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "原住民對高度適應良好，不會得高山症", "B": "坐車快速上山，比慢慢走路上山，更容易發生高山症", "C": "給小華氧氣治療，通常無法改善症狀", "D": "小華晚上失眠，有坐著睡比躺著睡舒服現象時，建議給予 Benzodiazepam 治療以幫助睡眠"}, "answer": "坐車快速上山，比慢慢走路上山，更容易發生高山症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Neuraminidase 是某些流感病毒的重要酵素之一，此酵素可以切除宿主細胞膜上醣複合物上的那一種糖基？", "options": {"A": "N-acetylglucosamine", "B": "gluconic acid", "C": "galactose", "D": "sialic acid"}, "answer": "galactose", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於單純頭部外傷病人，當你發現下列何者時應懷疑顱內壓力（ICP）異常升高？", "options": {"A": "呼吸和脈搏變慢，且血壓下降時", "B": "呼吸和脈搏是不規則的，且血壓上升時", "C": "呼吸和脈搏變慢，且血壓上升時", "D": "呼吸是快速與淺的，脈搏是快速的，且血壓下降時"}, "answer": "呼吸和脈搏變慢，且血壓上升時", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "45.一名5歲大的女童因為頸部中線腫塊，經檢查為甲狀舌骨囊腫（thyroglossal duct cyst）。有關其手術方式 （Sistrunk procedure）之描述，下列何者最正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "切除囊腫及舌骨中段", "B": "切除囊腫、舌骨中段及相連至舌底部之管道", "C": "切除囊腫、甲狀腺及相連至舌底部之管道", "D": "切除囊腫、舌骨中段及甲狀腺"}, "answer": "切除囊腫、舌骨中段及相連至舌底部之管道", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是周邊型眩暈症（peripheral vertigo）發生時，最可能的臨床徵象？", "options": {"A": "吞嚥困難", "B": "複視", "C": "臉麻", "D": "耳鳴"}, "answer": "耳鳴", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者收縮，可使舌頭變窄？", "options": {"A": "舌內在橫肌（intrinsic transverse muscle）", "B": "舌內在垂直肌（intrinsic vertical muscle）", "C": "頦舌肌（genioglossus muscle）", "D": "舌骨舌肌（hyoglossus muscle）"}, "answer": "舌內在橫肌（intrinsic transverse muscle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當病患使用tetracycline治療時，併用下列何種藥物最會干擾其吸收？", "options": {"A": "CaCO3", "B": "Al(OH)3", "C": "Mg(OH)2", "D": "NaHCO3"}, "answer": "Al(OH)3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當尿液排空，下列何者最可能緊貼於膀胱的上方？", "options": {"A": "子宮", "B": "陰道", "C": "直腸", "D": "輸精管"}, "answer": "子宮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "子宮頸錐狀切除後的病理檢查，發現癌細胞侵襲深度介於 3~5 mm 之間，寬度小於 7 mm，則此病人屬於子宮頸癌的那一期？", "options": {"A": "stage Ia1", "B": "stage Ia2", "C": "stage Ib1", "D": "stage Ib2"}, "answer": "stage Ia2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關人類截肢後所發生的幻痛（phantom pain）現象，下列何者敘述最為正確？", "options": {"A": "截肢後延遲裝置義肢可減輕幻痛", "B": "成人發生率比兒童低", "C": "幻痛與冷天氣和情緒有關，入睡後仍會存在", "D": "拍打殘肢端（stump）或使用經皮神經刺激（TENS）是相當有效的止痛方式"}, "answer": "拍打殘肢端（stump）或使用經皮神經刺激（TENS）是相當有效的止痛方式", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "對於⾁毒桿菌（Clostridium botulinum）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "⾁毒素（Botulinum toxin）主要使細胞內的Rho-GTPase失去活性", "B": "食入受此菌汙染的罐頭食品會造成⾁毒症", "C": "嬰兒食入受到此菌芽胞污染的食物會造成⾁毒症", "D": "⾁毒素可做為⽣化武器，造成吸入性⾁毒症（inhalation botulism）"}, "answer": "⾁毒素（Botulinum toxin）主要使細胞內的Rho-GTPase失去活性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "45 一位 25 歲的男子因感覺胸部有壓迫感求診。胸部 X 光檢查顯示縱隔腫塊，血清腫瘤標誌包括 AFP （alpha fetoprotein）、β- HCG 及 LDH 均顯著升高。最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "生殖細胞腫瘤", "B": "肝癌", "C": "何杰金氏淋巴瘤（Hodgkin's lymphoma）", "D": "淋巴母細胞淋巴瘤（lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma）"}, "answer": "生殖細胞腫瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "若在為病患抽血時不慎發生針扎事件，並且發現病患的愛滋病毒（HIV）抗體為陽性時，被針扎的醫護人員，應在發生針扎後儘快開始服用抗病毒藥物，以預防 HIV 感染（post-exposure prophylaxis），一般建議服用多久？", "options": {"A": "24 小時", "B": "7 天", "C": "4 週", "D": "6 個月"}, "answer": "4 週", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "77 一位懷孕 32 週的 40 歲婦女，因嚴重頭痛與視力模糊而至急診就醫，來急診時，血壓 165/115 mmHg， 身體診查發現下肢嚴重水腫，下列處理何者不適當？ \n", "options": {"A": "處理方式比照子癎症（eclampsia），需緊急會診婦產科醫師", "B": "可給予 ACE inhibitor 處理高血壓的問題", "C": "可給予MgSO4（magnesium sulfate）", "D": "考慮將胎兒生出來是治療的重要關鍵"}, "answer": "可給予 ACE inhibitor 處理高血壓的問題", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "精子（spermatozoa）具有粒線體鞘（mitochondria sheath）的部位是：", "options": {"A": "頭部（head） \t", "B": "尾部主節（principal piece） \t", "C": "尾部中節（middle piece）", "D": "尾部終節（end piece）"}, "answer": "尾部中節（middle piece）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者有助於減少卵巢癌的發生？", "options": {"A": "口服避孕藥", "B": "素食", "C": "裝置子宮內避孕器", "D": "初經早（early menarche）"}, "answer": "口服避孕藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "64 一位到復健科門診求診的腦中風病人，發病已經 1 個月，但仍有患側肩關節脫位（subluxation）現象。 下列復健處置，何者最為重要？ \n", "options": {"A": "以肩帶（shoulder sling）固定", "B": "維持被動性肩關節活動與加強肩外展運動", "C": "腋下放置軟墊，增加肩外展角度", "D": "肩關節以膠布貼紮（taping）固定"}, "answer": "維持被動性肩關節活動與加強肩外展運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關人類禽流感（avian flu）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "目前發生在一些東南亞國家，死亡率極高", "B": "病毒通常為H3亞型（hemagglutinin type）", "C": "早期使用 oseltamivir 可能有效", "D": "有發生全球大流行（pandemic）之可能"}, "answer": "病毒通常為H3亞型（hemagglutinin type）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是steroidogenic acute regulatory protein的主要功能？", "options": {"A": "促使膽固醇轉變成妊烯醇酮（pregnenolone）", "B": "促使膽固醇進入細胞內", "C": "促使膽固醇送入粒線體內", "D": "促使膽固醇轉變成低密度脂蛋⽩（low density lipoprotein）"}, "answer": "促使膽固醇送入粒線體內", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關磺胺劑之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可抑制細菌 folic acid 之生合成", "B": "可與 trimethoprim 合用產生加乘（synergistic）抑菌作用", "C": "單獨使用可抑制人體 folic acid 之生合成，因此有貧血（anemia）之不良作用", "D": "不良作用有過敏反應，Stevens-Johnson syndrome"}, "answer": "單獨使用可抑制人體 folic acid 之生合成，因此有貧血（anemia）之不良作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於消化道壁內神經叢myenteric plexus（Auerbach's plexus）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "位於消化道的黏膜下層", "B": "迷走神經（vagus nerve）為主要的刺激性訊息提供者", "C": "除接受交感神經和副交感神經支配外，本身功能無法自行運作", "D": "主要功能為局部消化道的分泌、吸收和血流供應"}, "answer": "迷走神經（vagus nerve）為主要的刺激性訊息提供者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲因陳舊性腦中風臥病在床之養護機構女性住民，她長期放置導尿管，過去有幾次無症狀菌尿症（asymptomatic bacteriuria）病史，例行性尿液檢查發現有白血球及細菌，此時她未有發燒及泌尿道感染症狀，最合適之處理為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "馬上給予口服抗生素治療 \t", "B": "馬上送至醫院急診室做進一步診治", "C": "尿液送細菌培養，如果陽性給予靜脈抗生素治療", "D": "先行觀察，若有發燒或泌尿道感染症狀再處理"}, "answer": "先行觀察，若有發燒或泌尿道感染症狀再處理", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "陣發性夜間血色素尿（paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria）的病人發生溶血的原因，是因為紅血球上缺乏何種抗原？", "options": {"A": "CD55, CD59", "B": "CD16, CD66", "C": "CD15, CD25", "D": "CD11, CD14"}, "answer": "CD55, CD59", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何構造不會出現在肝門管區（portal area）？", "options": {"A": "門小靜脈（portal venule）", "B": "中央靜脈（central vein）", "C": "肝小動脈（hepatic arteriole）", "D": "膽管（bile duct）"}, "answer": "中央靜脈（central vein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列對慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）治療的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "以降階（step down）方式：先用上多種藥物，然後視情況逐漸減少種類", "B": "若仍有抽菸習慣，必須戒菸", "C": "以升階（step up）方式：先從單一或少量藥物開始，然後視情況逐漸增加藥物種類", "D": "肺的復健可改善 COPD 患者的生活品質"}, "answer": "以降階（step down）方式：先用上多種藥物，然後視情況逐漸減少種類", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者為屈戌（樞紐）關節？", "options": {"A": "肩關節", "B": "肘關節", "C": "近端尺橈關節", "D": "遠端尺橈關節"}, "answer": "肘關節", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "多發性骨髓瘤病患出現高鈣血症時，下列何種藥物治療不能達到治療目的？", "options": {"A": "bisphosphonate", "B": "fluoride", "C": "corticosteroid", "D": "calcitonin"}, "answer": "fluoride", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於兒童次發性消化性潰瘍（Secondary peptic ulcers），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）藉由抑制prostaglandin，而造成黏膜損傷", "B": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）造成的潰瘍位置，最常見於十二指腸（duodenum）", "C": "壓力性潰瘍（Stress ulcer）通常在事件開始後的24小時內發生", "D": "氫離子幫浦抑制劑（Proton pump inhibitors），可用於治療嚴重潰瘍出血的病患"}, "answer": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）造成的潰瘍位置，最常見於十二指腸（duodenum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下面有關假說檢定之型一錯誤（type I error）與型二錯誤（type II error）的敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "型一錯誤發生的機率加上型二錯誤發生的機率等於 1", "B": "檢定力（power）= 1-型一錯誤的機率", "C": "型一錯誤與型二錯誤有可能會同時發生", "D": "固定型一錯誤的機率，增加樣本數可以降低型二錯誤發生的機率"}, "answer": "固定型一錯誤的機率，增加樣本數可以降低型二錯誤發生的機率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有一位 27 歲男子，因有輕度胸痛接受胸部 X 光檢查，發現前縱膈腔有 15 公分大的腫瘤，而血清檢查發現α-fetoprotein 有異常升高，試問此病人最好之治療為何？", "options": {"A": "手術切除腫瘤，再追加化學治療", "B": "手術切除腫瘤，再追加放射線治療", "C": "先化學治療後，看情況再追加手術切除", "D": "先放射線治療後，看情況再追加化學治療或手術切除"}, "answer": "先化學治療後，看情況再追加手術切除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位25歲之健康男性，以潮氣容積（tidal volume）1,500毫升，呼吸頻率25次／分的方式持續呼吸30秒，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "( Paco )", "B": "血紅素氧飽和度（hemoglobin saturation;Sa 。2 ）變化不大 \t", "C": "血液中的氧氣總量（total oxygen content）大幅增加", "D": "呈現呼吸性鹼中毒（respiratory alkalosis）"}, "answer": "血液中的氧氣總量（total oxygen content）大幅增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關睪丸之 Immature teratoma 的敘述，何者是正確的？", "options": {"A": "為一種惡性腫瘤 \t", "B": "通常只含一種胚胎層的組織", "C": "通常出現成熟的骨頭組織", "D": "通常出現明顯的 Trophoblast"}, "answer": "為一種惡性腫瘤 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關下頜齒（mandibular teeth）根管中之感覺神經纖維的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "其細胞本體（cell body）位於下頜下神經節（submandibular ganglion）", "B": "穿過下頜孔（mandibular foramen）", "C": "穿過圓孔（foramen rotundum）", "D": "與舌神經（lingual nerve）伴行"}, "answer": "穿過下頜孔（mandibular foramen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "使⽤以下何種食物材質刺激最易促進吞嚥反射？", "options": {"A": "較冰的食物", "B": "較甜的食物", "C": "溫度適中的食物", "D": "較為堅硬的食物"}, "answer": "較冰的食物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "兒童的腎絲球濾過速率（glomerular filtration rate, GFR）何時可以達到和成人一般的數值？", "options": {"A": "出生後第二年至第三年", "B": "出生後第四年至第五年", "C": "出生後第七年至第八年", "D": "青春期"}, "answer": "出生後第二年至第三年", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "46 一位 58 歲男性，過去無全身性疾病之病史，最近在例行之健康檢查中發現其血液相如下：血紅素 14.7 g/dL，血比容 46%，白血球數 12,350/μL，血小板數 725,000/μL。其他生化、心電圖及胸部 X 光 檢查均無異常，病人亦無自述症狀。下列何者是目前對此病人最適當的治療？ \n", "options": {"A": "Plateletpheresis", "B": "Hydroxyurea", "C": "Anagrelide", "D": "Observation"}, "answer": "Observation", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關治療類精神疾病藥物所產生之副作用及其作用可能機制的配對，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "體重增加：組織胺及血清素受體阻斷作用", "B": "直立型低血壓：乙型腎上腺素性受體阻斷作用", "C": "錐體外毒性症狀：多巴胺受體阻斷作用", "D": "口乾及尿液滯留：毒蕈素性受體阻斷作用"}, "answer": "直立型低血壓：乙型腎上腺素性受體阻斷作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一種 Staphylococcal enterotoxin 型最易引發食物中毒？", "options": {"A": "Staphylococcal enterotoxin A", "B": "Staphylococcal enterotoxin B", "C": "Staphylococcal enterotoxin C", "D": "Staphylococcal enterotoxin D"}, "answer": "Staphylococcal enterotoxin A", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "依據「安寧緩和醫療條例」之規定，末期病人無簽署意願書且意識昏迷或無法清楚表達意願時，由其最近親屬出具同意書代替之。有①配偶 ②成年孫女 ③父 ④弟弟，四位最近親屬，意見不一時，優先次序為：", "options": {"A": "①③②④", "B": "①④③②", "C": "①③④②", "D": "①②③④"}, "answer": "①②③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位52歲停經後的婦女，除了主訴頻尿、尿急和急迫性尿失禁外，看起來身體狀況還算健康，針對她的主訴你會建議她接受何種治療最適合？", "options": {"A": "放鬆的技巧（relaxation techniques）", "B": "抗乙醯膽鹼藥物（anticholinergic medication）", "C": "白天每小時解小便一次", "D": "膀胱訓練（bladder training）"}, "answer": "膀胱訓練（bladder training）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "60 歲男性，主訴近幾個月來痰中帶血，左耳聽力下降，MRI 影像如下，最有可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "咽喉血管瘤（hemangioma in nasopharynx）", "B": "口腔癌（oral cancer）", "C": "鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma）", "D": "聽神經瘤（acoustic schwannoma）"}, "answer": "鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "40.38歲女性，主訴在最近6個月運動時有愈來愈嚴重的呼吸困難（exertional dyspnea）。血球檢查數據如下（括弧內是正常參考數值）：RBC 3.91 M/µL（3.78～4.99），HB 7.0 g/dL（10.8～14.9），HCT 26.2% （35.6～45.4），MCV 67.0 fL（80～100），MCH 17.9 pg（26～34），MCHC 26.7 g/dL（31～37），\n k/µL（150～361），WBC 6.07 k/µL（3.54～9.06）。以下那個檢查對這個病人之診斷較無相關？", "options": {"A": "血清中鐵蛋白（ferritin）", "B": "糞便潛血檢查", "C": "血清中鐵的濃度", "D": "血清中銅的濃度"}, "answer": "血清中銅的濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關單獨二尖瓣狹窄（isolated mitral stenosis）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "大多數病患狹窄愈嚴重，第一心音（S1）愈弱", "B": "opening snap如果聽得見，是在心收縮期", "C": "感染性心內膜炎在單獨二尖瓣狹窄病患的機率與合併二尖瓣閉鎖不全病患相同", "D": "臨床症狀除運動時呼吸困難外，有時會出現咳血、肺栓塞或肺炎等"}, "answer": "臨床症狀除運動時呼吸困難外，有時會出現咳血、肺栓塞或肺炎等", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於penicillins之藥物動力學的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "ticarcillin可以經腸胃道吸收，因此可以口服方式治療感染", "B": "probenecid可以抑制 penicillins由腎小管過濾方式排至尿中", "C": "benzathine penicillin相對其他penicillin藥物有較長的半衰期，約可長達 14 天", "D": "amoxicillin口服吸收效果易受食物干擾而降低藥效"}, "answer": "benzathine penicillin相對其他penicillin藥物有較長的半衰期，約可長達 14 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "55歲女性，長期有搔癢，疲倦和腹部不適。身體檢查發現病人有黃疸，皮膚有黃色瘤（xanthoma），肝臟切片檢查發現肝內小膽管被破壞，並在門脈區發現有非乾酪性肉芽腫（noncaseating granuloma），她血清中最可能出現下列何種抗體？", "options": {"A": "抗平滑肌抗體（anti-smooth muscle antibody）", "B": "抗粒線體抗體（anti-mitochondrial antibody）", "C": "抗可溶性肝抗原／肝胰抗體（anti-soluable liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen antibody）", "D": "抗肝腎微小體-1抗體（anti-liver kidney microsome-1 antibody）"}, "answer": "抗粒線體抗體（anti-mitochondrial antibody）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲女性，有高血壓、糖尿病病史，早上起床時，突然發生口語不清，右側肢體無力，在急診室神經學檢查發現：意識清楚，語言表達尚可，右側上下肢肌力皆約 2 分，感覺功能皆正常，下列敘述之病灶，何者最不可能？", "options": {"A": "左側內囊（internal capsule）附近", "B": "左側放射冠（corona radiata）附近", "C": "左側丘腦外側（lateral thalamus）", "D": "左側橋腦（pons）附近"}, "answer": "左側丘腦外側（lateral thalamus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "使用年齡標準化死亡率（Age-adjusted death rates）的目的在：", "options": {"A": "控制因年齡登記錯誤所造成的誤差 \t", "B": "精確計算某特定年齡層的死亡人數", "C": "校正因年齡訊息遺漏所造成死亡率計算的誤差", "D": "比較不同年齡結構族群間的死亡水準"}, "answer": "比較不同年齡結構族群間的死亡水準", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "42 一位 25 歲年輕女性，因臉上蝴蝶斑、頸部淋巴腺腫大及時有高燒而求診。以往常會頭痛，冬季時兩手有Raynaud's現象及手指關節疼痛。血液檢查所見：血色素 9.8 g/dL，白血球 3,100/mm3，血小板", "options": {"A": "anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies 陽性", "B": "elevated complement level", "C": "eosinophilia \t", "D": "depressed γ-globulin level"}, "answer": "anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies 陽性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "28 10 歲女童過去身體狀況良好，最近發現眼皮浮腫，下肢水腫，體重急速增加而住院。入院後之實驗室檢查呈現 serum albumin 2.5 g/dL（正常 4.0 - 5.3 g/dL），cholesterol 290 mg/dL（正常 125 - 240 mg/dL）， triglyceride 350 mg/dL（正常 15 - 114 mg/dL），BUN 14 mg/dL（正常 7 - 18 mg/dL），creatinine 0.7 mg/dL 5 - 1.0 mg/dL），24 小時尿蛋白為 80 mg/m2/hr，下列那一項敘述最不正確？", "options": {"A": "診斷為腎病症候群 \t \t", "B": "需檢測抗核抗體（ANA）及補體（C3, C4）", "C": "臨床上常合併有易凝血傾向（hypercoagulation status）", "D": "此病人有 90 %以上的機會是微小變化型腎病變（minimal-change nephropathy）"}, "answer": "此病人有 90 %以上的機會是微小變化型腎病變（minimal-change nephropathy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關眼球運動的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "duction是指單眼的運動，包括眼球的內旋（intorsion）和外旋（exotorsion）", "B": "version是指雙眼的同向運動，包括看右上（dextro-elevation）或左下（levo-depression）等", "C": "vergence是指雙眼的異向運動，包括會聚（convergence）或散開（divergence）等", "D": "調節性會聚（accommodative convergence）屬於一種強直性會聚（tonic convergence）"}, "answer": "調節性會聚（accommodative convergence）屬於一種強直性會聚（tonic convergence）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何項構造位於枕下三角內？", "options": {"A": "頸內動脈", "B": "枕下神經", "C": "枕大神經", "D": "枕動脈"}, "answer": "枕下神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關兒童白血病的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "慢性骨髓性白血病（chronic myelogenous leukemia，CML）在兒童發生的比率，相對於成人是非常低的", "B": "兒童慢性骨髓性白血病（CML）大部分都有 t（9；22）（q34；q11）的染色體易位，因而產生了費城染色體（Philadelphia chromosome）", "C": "過去兒童慢性骨髓性白血病（CML）的預後並不好，必需盡早接受幹細胞移植，但自從有了基利克（imatinib, gleevec(r)）的問世，預後已顯\t改善", "D": "和慢性骨髓性白血病（CML）相反，急性淋巴性白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL）患童，若有 t（9；22） 的染色體易位，會有較佳的預後"}, "answer": "和慢性骨髓性白血病（CML）相反，急性淋巴性白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL）患童，若有 t（9；22） 的染色體易位，會有較佳的預後", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲罹患 AIDS 的男性呼吸衰竭致死。解剖時在肺臟見到的變化如圖所示。則其病理診斷應是：", "options": {"A": "類澱粉病（amyloidosis）", "B": "病毒包涵體（viral inclusion body）", "C": "瀰漫性肺泡傷害（diffuse alveolar damage）", "D": "黴菌感染（fungal infection）"}, "answer": "病毒包涵體（viral inclusion body）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有一位住加護病房之 10 歲男童，昏迷但有自發性呼吸，醫師叫他沒反應，理學檢查四肢鬆軟無力，痛刺激手部時眼睛會張開、手會縮回，此時之葛式昏迷指數（Glasgow Coma Scale）為多少分？", "options": {"A": "6 分", "B": "7 分", "C": "8 分", "D": "9 分"}, "answer": "7 分", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關抗癲癇藥物的描述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Oxcarbazepine 的體內半衰期較 Carbamazepine 短", "B": "Felbamate 具有阻斷 GABAA型受體之功能", "C": "Tiagabine 具有促進神經元或神經膠細胞 GABA 再回收的作用", "D": "孕婦於懷孕期間服用抗癲癇藥物如 Phenytoin，其胎兒常會發現 Vitamin K-dependent 的凝血因子減少的現象"}, "answer": "孕婦於懷孕期間服用抗癲癇藥物如 Phenytoin，其胎兒常會發現 Vitamin K-dependent 的凝血因子減少的現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於腦垂體的發育，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "垂體漏斗（infundibulum）屬於腺體部分", "B": "神經垂體（neurohypophysis）為中腦衍生而來", "C": "神經外胚層發育為腦垂體前葉（anterior lobe）", "D": "腺垂體（adenohypophysis）來自口腔外胚層"}, "answer": "腺垂體（adenohypophysis）來自口腔外胚層", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列胞器，何者不具有膜（membrane）的構造？", "options": {"A": "核仁（nucleolus）", "B": "胞內體（endosome）", "C": "過氧化質體（peroxisome）", "D": "內質網（endoplasmic reticulum）"}, "answer": "核仁（nucleolus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "34歲的吳先生因多話，三天三夜沒睡，覺得自己能力很好可以選總統，一個月花了50萬買電視購物的產品，被家人送至急診室，醫師診斷為躁症發作（manic episode），此時不應給予何種藥物？", "options": {"A": "fluoxetine", "B": "olanzapine", "C": "lithium", "D": "aripiprazole"}, "answer": "fluoxetine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "20歲男性因急性腹痛、⾼燒求診，接受對比劑注射後之電腦斷層掃描檢查如圖，最可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "急性闌尾炎", "B": "⼤腸憩室炎", "C": "尿路結⽯", "D": "胰臟炎"}, "answer": "急性闌尾炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於過敏性支氣管肺麴黴菌病（allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis），下列何種影像學徵象最少見？", "options": {"A": "肺擴張不全（atelectasis）", "B": "支氣管囊腫（bronchocele）", "C": "肺實質化（consolidation）", "D": "明顯的肋膜積液 （pleural effusion）"}, "answer": "明顯的肋膜積液 （pleural effusion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "41 一位 45 歲女士，20 年前即發現有慢性 B 型肝炎，最近體檢發現血紅素 11.5 gm/dL，白血球 3,350/μL，血小板 95,000/μL。病人無自覺症狀。回顧過去五年來的抽血檢查，血紅素多在 11.5 gm/dL 至 12.5 gm/dL 之間，白血球數目多在 3,500/μL 至 4,000/μL 之間，血小板 100,000/μL 至 120,000/μL 之間。下列何項 是最可能的診斷？ \n", "options": {"A": "再生不良性貧血 \t", "B": "自體免疫性疾病造成的血球低下症", "C": "藥物造成的血球低下 \t", "D": "脾臟功能過旺"}, "answer": "脾臟功能過旺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，若經過一天之靜脈營養和輸液、注射抗生素及大腸減壓等療法後，病況仍未見改善，則該如何緊急處理較好？", "options": {"A": "全大腸切除及迴腸直腸吻合術 \t", "B": "全大腸切除及迴腸造口術，加上 Hartmann's pouch", "C": "大腸直腸肛門全切除及迴腸造口術 \t", "D": "全大腸切除及迴腸袋肛門吻合術（Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis）一次完成"}, "answer": "全大腸切除及迴腸造口術，加上 Hartmann's pouch", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "64.40歲病⼈因劇烈頭痛發燒來到急診，之前沒有⽤過抗⽣素，腦脊髓液檢查發現腦壓（opening pressure） 300 mmH2O，⽩⾎球100/mL（Lymphocyte：Neutrophil＝90：10），Protein level：45 mg/dL，最不可能 的致病菌為何？\n", "options": {"A": "herpes simplex virus", "B": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "C": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "D": "Klebsiella pneumoniae"}, "answer": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者為膀胱過動症最合理的藥物治療？", "options": {"A": "膽鹼激性劑（cholinergic agent）", "B": "抗膽鹼激性劑（anticholinergic agent）", "C": "腎上腺性劑（adrenergic agent）", "D": "抗腎上腺性劑（antiadrenergic agent）"}, "answer": "抗膽鹼激性劑（anticholinergic agent）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "視丘性疼痛症候群（thalamic pain syndrome）不常伴隨下列何症狀？", "options": {"A": "半側偏盲（homonymous hemianopia）", "B": "分離性感覺喪失（dissociated sensory loss）", "C": "偏癱（hemiplegia） \t", "D": "半側感覺喪失（hemihypesthesia）"}, "answer": "偏癱（hemiplegia） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關肺臟移植後使用免疫抑制藥物之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Prednisolone 屬於 adrenal corticosteroid 類，長期使用會有高血壓（hypertension）與低血糖（hypoglycemia）之副作用", "B": "Azathioprine 屬於 antiproliferative agents，最常見之副作用為白血球過多症（leukocytosis）", "C": "Mycophenolate mofetil（MMF）為 calcineurin inhibitor，在體內由肝臟之 cytochrome p450 enzymes 負責代謝", "D": "Cyclosporine 無 myelosuppression 的副作用，常與 prednisolone 併用，以減少 cyclosporine 所引起之腎毒性"}, "answer": "Cyclosporine 無 myelosuppression 的副作用，常與 prednisolone 併用，以減少 cyclosporine 所引起之腎毒性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種情況最容易導致下肢水腫（Edema）？", "options": {"A": "細小動脈收縮（Arteriolar constriction） \t", "B": "小靜脈擴張（Venular dilatation）", "C": "靜脈壓下降（Decreased venous pressure） \t", "D": "血中蛋白濃度下降（Decreased plasma protein concentration）"}, "answer": "血中蛋白濃度下降（Decreased plasma protein concentration）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關於甲狀舌管囊腫（thyroglossal duct cyst）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是最常見的先天性頸部腫瘤，也是兒童第二常見的頸部腫瘤", "B": "理學檢查可發現此囊腫隨伸舌與吞嚥動作而移動", "C": "甲狀腺掃描及功能測定是治療前的必要檢查項目", "D": "治療方式主要是將囊腫切除即可，少有復發情形"}, "answer": "治療方式主要是將囊腫切除即可，少有復發情形", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者最不可能是卵巢過度刺激症候群（ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome）的危險因子？", "options": {"A": "年輕病患", "B": "BMI小於18.5", "C": "Antral follicle count小於4", "D": "當次週期成功懷孕"}, "answer": "Antral follicle count小於4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "36 一位 70 歲男性病人，皮膚有超過體表面積 90%以上的脫屑及泛紅，經診斷為紅皮症（erythroderma）。 下列相關敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "乾癬（psoriasis）惡化為常見病因之一", "B": "易導致血中低白蛋白（low serum albumin）及電解質不平衡", "C": "藥物之不良反應亦可能導致此症", "D": "應注意是否有低心輸出量（low cardiac output）心臟衰竭之徵候"}, "answer": "應注意是否有低心輸出量（low cardiac output）心臟衰竭之徵候", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "37.一位女性體檢時，意外發現有高血鈣，進一步檢查證實為原發性副甲狀腺功能亢進（primary  hyperparathyroidism），根據目前的治療指引，有些原發性副甲狀腺功能亢進患者即使無臨床症狀亦建議應接受手術，但下列何者除外？ \n", "options": {"A": "骨密度檢查T-score小於-2.5", "B": "肌酸酐廓清率（creatinine clearance）小於60 mL/min", "C": "血鈣超過正常值上限1.0 mg/dL以上", "D": "年齡大於60歲"}, "answer": "年齡大於60歲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "人類乳頭狀瘤病毒（Human Papillomavirus）分型方法是利用：", "options": {"A": "抗體辨識", "B": "基因體 DNA 序列相似度（sequence homology）", "C": "病毒顆粒之大小", "D": "病毒基因之表現"}, "answer": "基因體 DNA 序列相似度（sequence homology）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於缺鐵性貧血（iron-deficiency anemia, IDA）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "低體重早產兒為好發族群", "B": "青春期後的女性罹患慢性缺鐵性貧血應考慮月經過多", "C": "患者血清中（serum）ferritin 是下降的", "D": "足月兒的缺鐵性貧血常發生在出生後前3個月"}, "answer": "足月兒的缺鐵性貧血常發生在出生後前3個月", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "25 楓糖尿症是一種支鏈胺基酸代謝異常疾病。患者因為支鏈胺基酸以及其副產物堆積而引起腦病變。 臺灣發現這一項疾病在原住民發生率特別的高，後續的研究發現，下列那一項敘述最不合理？ \n", "options": {"A": "大部分的原住民患者可以看到一個相同的突變，稱作 founder effect", "B": "在蒙古可以看到和臺灣原住民相同的突變", "C": "臺灣漢人患者的突變種類變異性比原住民大", "D": "臺灣原住民表兄妹結婚相當普遍"}, "answer": "在蒙古可以看到和臺灣原住民相同的突變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "用以治療廣泛性焦慮症（generalized anxiety disorder）之抗焦慮藥物中，buspirone 之主要藥理作用機轉為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "血清素 1A受體部分作用劑（5HT1A receptor partial agonist）", "B": "血清素 1A受體拮抗劑（5HT1A receptor antagonist）", "C": "血清素 2A受體部分作用劑（5HT2A receptor partial agonist）", "D": "血清素 2A受體拮抗劑（5HT2A receptor antagonist）"}, "answer": "血清素 1A受體部分作用劑（5HT1A receptor partial agonist）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物，可用來治療思覺失調症（schizophrenia）？", "options": {"A": "serotonin dopamine agonists", "B": "serotonin dopamine antagonists", "C": "serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors", "D": "serotonin dopamine reuptake inhibitors"}, "answer": "serotonin dopamine antagonists", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "醫療費⽤的成⻑率跟下列那⼀個因素關聯性較⼩？", "options": {"A": "⼈⼝老化", "B": "所得增加", "C": "醫療科技進步", "D": "醫病資訊不對稱"}, "answer": "醫病資訊不對稱", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關橈骨神經之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "主要支配triceps、brachioradialis、supinator及extensors of the fingers等肌肉", "B": "神經主要源自頸椎第6～8節神經根", "C": "如果posterior interosseous nerve受傷，只會侵犯到手臂之伸肌", "D": "在鉛中毒患者常見本神經之侵犯"}, "answer": "如果posterior interosseous nerve受傷，只會侵犯到手臂之伸肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "產生腸毒素的大腸桿菌，其對熱穩定的毒素，有下列何種作用機制？", "options": {"A": "溶解脂肪，打破細胞膜", "B": "抑制蛋白質的合成", "C": "活化發炎反應（inflammation）", "D": "活化次級信號分子"}, "answer": "活化次級信號分子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "6.56歲的男性，腎病症候群病史，最近2天嘔吐因此沒有吃利尿劑。身體診察有中度的全身水腫，動脈血氣體pH 7.48，PaCO2  47 mmHg，HCO3- 34 mEq/L，血液osmolality 255 mOsmol/kg H2O，BUN 30 mg/dL，肌酸酐1.5 mg/dL，Na 120 mmol/L。 尿液Na+ 30 mmol/L，尿液Cl- 8 mmol/L。下列敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "病人的細胞外液量增加", "B": "病人的細胞內液量增加", "C": "病人的有效血液容量增加", "D": "病人的有效血液容量減少"}, "answer": "病人的有效血液容量增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下\t何者藥物不會有引起急性尿滯留（acute urinary retention）的副作用？", "options": {"A": "α-腎上腺素作用劑（α- adrenergic agents）", "B": "抗組織胺（antihistamines）", "C": "治療鼻塞的感冒藥", "D": "膽鹼作用劑（cholinergic agents）"}, "answer": "膽鹼作用劑（cholinergic agents）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關醫療錯誤的告知，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "通常對醫師而言，坦承自己的醫療錯誤是一件困難的事", "B": "最好是率先告知醫療錯誤，不要等病人問了再說", "C": "對於病人或家屬強烈的情緒反應，要有心理準備", "D": "只要承認醫療錯誤，就等於有醫療過失"}, "answer": "只要承認醫療錯誤，就等於有醫療過失", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是胰臟癌（carcinoma of the pancreas）的臨床表現？", "options": {"A": "阻塞性黃疸、灰白色糞便", "B": "膽囊萎縮變小", "C": "上腹部疼痛、後背痛 \t", "D": "體重減輕"}, "answer": "膽囊萎縮變小", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物為一種選擇性高之 antithrombin-dependent factor Xa 抑制劑？", "options": {"A": "Heparin", "B": "Clopidogrel", "C": "Fondaparinux", "D": "Aspirin"}, "answer": "Fondaparinux", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "28.會陰體（perineal body）受傷後，下列何者的作用最可能不受影響？ ①球海綿體肌（bulbospongiosus  muscle） ②會陰深橫肌（deep transverse perineal  muscle） ③會陰淺橫肌（superficical transverse perineal  muscle） ④坐骨海綿體肌（ischiocavernosus muscle） ⑤尿道外括約肌（external urethral sphincter muscle）\n", "options": {"A": "①③", "B": "②④", "C": "①⑤", "D": "④⑤"}, "answer": "④⑤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關神經性梅毒（neurosyphilis）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "10%沒有接受治療的早期梅毒的患者會罹病", "B": "因為AIDS的盛行，神經性梅毒的發生率增高", "C": "腦脊髓液的螺旋菌抗體（treponemal antibody）陽性反應有助於診斷", "D": "治療方法為經肌肉注射盤尼西林（penicillin）每週一次共三次"}, "answer": "治療方法為經肌肉注射盤尼西林（penicillin）每週一次共三次", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "以下方法均可減少植體抗宿主疾病（graft-versus-host disease, GVHD），下列何者除外？", "options": {"A": "以alemtuzumab處理預植入的造血幹細胞，經由拮抗CD52的作用，使得成熟的T淋巴球數目減少", "B": "將預植入的造血幹細胞實行淋巴球混合作用（mixed lymphocyte reaction），以減低T淋巴球的數目", "C": "選擇MHC class I及MHC class II配合的植體，以降低植入後成熟T淋巴球的抗宿主反應", "D": "使用抗胸腺球蛋白（anti-thymoglobulin）預處理植入的細胞，減低T淋巴球及白血球的數目"}, "answer": "將預植入的造血幹細胞實行淋巴球混合作用（mixed lymphocyte reaction），以減低T淋巴球的數目", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "19 一位肝硬化患者因為大量吐血至急診處接受緊急上消化道內視鏡檢查，發現胃及食道靜脈曲張 （varices）出血，此患者之門脈壓（portal pressure，以 wedge-to-free gradient 測量）最有可能為： \n", "options": {"A": "5～7 mmHg", "B": "8～10 mmHg", "C": "10～12 mmHg", "D": "13～15 mmHg"}, "answer": "13～15 mmHg", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "4 一位 10 歲男孩，主訴 1 星期前感冒，來診前 1 天相當疲倦，今天突然暈倒，蒼白盜汗，心跳約 多次/分，心電圖如附圖，最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "感冒藥副作用 \t", "B": "心肌炎合併完全房室傳導障礙", "C": "先天性心臟病 \t", "D": "Wolff-Parkinson-White 症候群"}, "answer": "Wolff-Parkinson-White 症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "那一種荷爾蒙經由 JAK-STAT 訊號途徑產生作用？", "options": {"A": "性釋素（GnRH）", "B": "促濾泡素（FSH）", "C": "泌乳素（prolactin）", "D": "動情素（estrogen）"}, "answer": "泌乳素（prolactin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關心律不整之機轉（mechanism），何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Delayed afterdepolarization（DAD）主要原因為細胞內鉀離子過多", "B": "Early afterdepolarization（EAD）主要之原因為動作電位間期（action potential duration）過長", "C": "Torsades des pointes 之主要原因為 delayed afterdepolarization", "D": "細胞外鉀離子過高，易引起 early afterdepolarization"}, "answer": "Early afterdepolarization（EAD）主要之原因為動作電位間期（action potential duration）過長", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "73 依據 DSM-IV-TR 診斷標準，下列何者會出現在典型自閉症但不在亞斯柏格症（Asperger's disorder） 的核心症狀之中？\n", "options": {"A": "社交互動缺損", "B": "智能障礙", "C": "語言能力與認知發展遲緩", "D": "侷限、反覆、固著的行為／興趣／活動"}, "answer": "語言能力與認知發展遲緩", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關腎⼩管葡萄糖再吸收的描述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "遠端腎⼩管頂膜（apical membrane）利⽤第⼀型葡萄糖運輸蛋⽩（glucose transporter 1）再吸收葡萄糖", "B": "遠端腎⼩管基底外側膜（basolateral membrane）利⽤第⼀型鈉依賴性葡萄糖運輸蛋⽩（sodiumdependent glucose transporter 1）再吸收葡萄糖", "C": "近端腎⼩管頂膜（apical membrane）主要利⽤第⼆型鈉依賴性葡萄糖運輸蛋⽩（sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2）再吸收葡萄糖", "D": "近端腎⼩管基底外側膜（basolateral membrane）主要利⽤第⼀型葡萄糖運輸蛋⽩（glucose transporter"}, "answer": "近端腎⼩管頂膜（apical membrane）主要利⽤第⼆型鈉依賴性葡萄糖運輸蛋⽩（sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2）再吸收葡萄糖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關各種血管炎臨床特徵的描述，何者最為正確？", "options": {"A": "granulomatosis with polyangiitis-urticaria", "B": "microscopic polyangiitis-chronic sinusitis", "C": "Churg-Strauss syndrome-asthmatic attack", "D": "polyarteritis nodosa-severe migraine"}, "answer": "Churg-Strauss syndrome-asthmatic attack", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "開心手術後的病人，在加護病房照顧時，發現心包腔引流管出血量相當多，第 1 個小時約 300 毫升（病人體重 60 公斤），第 2 個小時約 400 毫升，醫護人員會依流出之量給予靜脈輸血及血小板或新鮮血漿。會造成這麼厲害出血的原因，下列何者最不可能？", "options": {"A": "體外循環會破壞血小板", "B": "體外循環會造成溶血", "C": "體外循環時，殘餘之肝素", "D": "可能有出血點沒有查到"}, "answer": "體外循環會造成溶血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "威而剛（Viagra）主要是藉由何種作用促進勃起（erection）？", "options": {"A": "抑制磷酸雙酯酶（phosphodiesterase）的活性", "B": "促進磷酸雙酯酶（phosphodiesterase）的活性", "C": "抑制一氧化氮合成酶（NO synthase）的活性", "D": "抑制腺苷酸環化酶（adenylate cyclase）的活性"}, "answer": "抑制磷酸雙酯酶（phosphodiesterase）的活性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者最少見於 Klinefelter syndrome？", "options": {"A": "最常見的核型（karyotype）為 47,XXY", "B": "很少在青春期以前被診斷", "C": "青春期發育可能遲延 \t", "D": "身材矮小"}, "answer": "身材矮小", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於肩難產（shoulder dystocia）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "胎兒出生體重的增加會提高肩難產的發生", "B": "母體常會出現因子宮乏力或產道裂傷造成的產後大出血", "C": "西元 2002 年美國婦產科醫學會（ACOG）建議非糖尿病產婦之胎兒預估體重大於 4000 克時，施行預防性剖腹生產手術是適當的", "D": "自然生產時可利用 McRoberts maneuver 或 Woods corkscrew maneuver 來協助胎兒娩出"}, "answer": "西元 2002 年美國婦產科醫學會（ACOG）建議非糖尿病產婦之胎兒預估體重大於 4000 克時，施行預防性剖腹生產手術是適當的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "8.⼀個G1P1 / 39週出⽣體重3,200公克的新⽣兒，出⽣後哺餵全⺟乳。第19個⼩時⼤時檢測總膽紅素值為12  mg/dL、直接型膽紅素值為0.22 mg/dL。⺟親為O型Rh陽性、⽗親B型Rh陽性⾎型。⺟親之前未曾接受過任何\n ⾎品輸注。⽗親有⼄型海洋性貧⾎、⺟親則無海洋性貧⾎。下列何者為最可能之診斷？\n", "options": {"A": "Rh其他⾎型不合（Rh minor group incompatibility）", "B": "ABO⾎型不合（ABO incompatibility）", "C": "⺟乳性黃疸（Breast milk jaundice）", "D": "⼄型海洋性貧⾎（ß-Thalassemia）"}, "answer": "ABO⾎型不合（ABO incompatibility）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "恙（Leptotrombidium spp.）能傳染人類致病的時期是：", "options": {"A": "幼蟲", "B": "前稚蟲期", "C": "稚蟲期", "D": "成蟲期"}, "answer": "幼蟲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "Model for End-Stage Liver Disease（MELD）scale是評估hepatic functional reserve的好方法，其內容不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "serum albumin level", "B": "INR（international normalized ratio）", "C": "serum bilirubin level", "D": "serum creatinine level"}, "answer": "serum albumin level", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關內側縱束（medial longitudinal fasciculus）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "含有由內側前庭神經核（medial vestibular nucleus）發出之神經纖維", "B": "參與瞳孔光反射之傳導", "C": "位於第四腦室或大腦導水管之腹面靠中線處", "D": "與眼球上下垂直共軛運動（vertical conjugate movement）有關"}, "answer": "參與瞳孔光反射之傳導", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "68 60 歲女性病人就診前三個月因子宮頸癌切除子宮，手術後曾經發生急性尿滯留。其後，須用力排尿， 且常發生膀胱炎及恥骨上方疼痛。什麼檢查可給予診斷或治療最大之幫助？ \n", "options": {"A": "核子醫學檢查 \t", "B": "尿路動力學檢查 \t", "C": "膀胱放射攝影 \t", "D": "靜脈注射尿路攝影"}, "answer": "尿路動力學檢查 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "77.一位35歲懷孕28週婦女，因血壓過高至急診就診，經評估後懷疑是子癲前症（pre-eclampsia）。下 列何者不是此病之臨床表現？\n", "options": {"A": "高血壓（hypertension）", "B": "蛋白尿（proteinuria）", "C": "寡尿（oliguria）", "D": "癲癇（seizure）"}, "answer": "癲癇（seizure）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "49 李小姐今年 36 歲，已婚，育有 2 個各為 7 歲與 5 歲小孩。李小姐於一週前開始有左側乳房下方，接近乳暈處的疼痛現象，這兩天疼痛部位可摸到一約兩公分大小的硬塊，硬塊表面皮膚並且出現紅腫 的現象。李小姐曾經自行服用止痛藥，但是情況未能改善。下列何者是最適當的進一步處置？ \n", "options": {"A": "乳房超音波粗針（core needle）穿刺檢查", "B": "乳房超音波檢查", "C": "乳房 X 光攝影檢查 \t", "D": "乳房腫瘤切除術"}, "answer": "乳房超音波檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "病毒感染引起發炎時，下列那一種發炎細胞最多？", "options": {"A": "嗜中性球", "B": "嗜酸性球", "C": "淋巴球", "D": "漿細胞"}, "answer": "淋巴球", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "3.48歲女性主訴胸悶，偶有眩暈並有運動時呼吸困難，身體診察脈搏64/min, 心臟大小正常，有 S4 gallop，在胸骨右緣第三及四肋間有Grade IV/VI射出型心縮期雜音, 向頸部放散\n （radiation to neck）。血行動力學壓力（mmHg）如下：右心房平均壓：6；右心室43/8；肺動脈：43/18（平均壓28）；肺動脈楔壓：平均壓22；左心室227/33；主動脈139/72（平均壓98），病人之心臟病為： \n", "options": {"A": "僧帽瓣狹窄", "B": "僧帽瓣閉鎖不全", "C": "主動脈瓣狹窄 \t", "D": "主動脈瓣閉鎖不全"}, "answer": "主動脈瓣狹窄 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何項危險因子不會影響陰莖海綿體血流量（penile blood flow，PBF）？", "options": {"A": "抽菸 \t", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "高血壓 \t", "D": "心因性（psychogenic）勃起功能障礙"}, "answer": "心因性（psychogenic）勃起功能障礙", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於老人自殺相關的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "65歲以上之老年族群自殺風險性比其他族群高", "B": "老人往往採取較激烈的自殺方式，而且男性自殺身亡者比例較高", "C": "和其他族群相較之下，老人自殺者較常合併酒精濫用", "D": "失落和身體疾病纏身是老人自殺最常見的促使因素（precipitants）"}, "answer": "和其他族群相較之下，老人自殺者較常合併酒精濫用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "橫紋肌裡的 T 小管是下列何者形成的？", "options": {"A": "細胞膜內陷形成 \t", "B": "平滑內質網特化形成", "C": "微小管特化形成 \t", "D": "神經末梢特化形成"}, "answer": "細胞膜內陷形成 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關腎臟的逆流機制（countercurrent mechanism）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "主要是為了形成並維持腎臟髓質垂直性的滲透壓梯度", "B": "所需要的能量由亨氏管上升段粗枝（thick ascending limb of loop of Henle）的鈉-鉀腺苷三磷酸酶（Na+-K+ ATPase）提供", "C": "亨氏管上升段粗枝會利用鈉-氯協同運輸蛋白（Na+-Cl+ cotransporter）將鈉、氯離子分泌至腎小管管腔", "D": "直管（vasa recta）利用逆流交換（countercurrent exchange）的作用維持腎臟髓質垂直性的滲透壓梯度"}, "answer": "亨氏管上升段粗枝會利用鈉-氯協同運輸蛋白（Na+-Cl+ cotransporter）將鈉、氯離子分泌至腎小管管腔", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲原本健康狀況良好的年輕人，三天內產生步態不穩，雙下肢無力，病情逐漸加重，無力範圍往上昇到胸腹部，神經學檢查顯示胸部以下肌力減退為 1-2 分（5 分為正常），感覺功能正常，肌腱反射無反應，則最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis） \t", "B": "急性週邊神經或神經根炎（Guillain-Barré syndrome）", "C": "頸脊髓腫瘤（cervical cord tumor）", "D": "多發性肌炎（polymyositis）"}, "answer": "急性週邊神經或神經根炎（Guillain-Barré syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "會製造睪固酮（testosterone）的細胞是：", "options": {"A": "萊迪氏細胞（Leydig cell）", "B": "塞托利氏細胞（Sertoli cell）", "C": "管周邊細胞（peritubular cell）", "D": "產精細胞（spermatogenic cell）"}, "answer": "萊迪氏細胞（Leydig cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列敘述，何者較為正確？", "options": {"A": "高度近視患者比正常人容易得青光眼、白內障、視網膜剝離、黃斑部出血等眼疾", "B": "小朋友睡前點阿托品（atropine）眼藥水，可以治好近視眼", "C": "近視度數七、八百度，用雷射屈光手術即可治癒近視所導致的眼球病變", "D": "給小朋友角膜塑形術，可以使近視眼球變化不再進行"}, "answer": "高度近視患者比正常人容易得青光眼、白內障、視網膜剝離、黃斑部出血等眼疾", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "34.下列那一個病例最不符合所列之動脈血氣體分析和血清電解質的檢查結果［pH：7.49，PaO2：90 mmHg， mmHg，HCO3-：28；Na+ 139，K+ 3.0，Cl- 89（電解質的單位是mmol/L）］？", "options": {"A": "長期使用利尿劑", "B": "急性腹瀉三天", "C": "原發性皮質醛酮症", "D": "噁心嘔吐兩天"}, "answer": "急性腹瀉三天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 colon motility 之敘述何者為非？", "options": {"A": "left colon 的 motility 型式以 tonic contraction 為主", "B": "進食後會有 gastrocolic reflex 之產生", "C": "一次 mass peristalsis 之收縮，將大腸內容物推進的長度約占整條大腸的三分之一", "D": "right colon 的 motility 以 peristaltic wave 為主"}, "answer": "right colon 的 motility 以 peristaltic wave 為主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關鞏膜炎（scleritis）的處理，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常需照會風濕次專科醫師，評估潛在的病因（underlying disease）", "B": "使用 10% phenylephrine 點眼，依照鞏膜血管的收縮與否，可與上鞏膜炎（episcleritis）鑑別診斷", "C": "應給予大量廣效性抗生素作第一線治療 \t", "D": "當鞏膜炎有導致眼球破裂之虞時，可予縫補性移植片（patch graft）治療"}, "answer": "使用 10% phenylephrine 點眼，依照鞏膜血管的收縮與否，可與上鞏膜炎（episcleritis）鑑別診斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "何小姐，56 歲女姓，微胖。最近兩個月在深夜有偶發性的上腹劇痛，疼痛發作時痛的感覺會傳導到右後背，尤其是肩胛骨下方的地方。疼痛經常持續 4~5 小時即自動緩解，何小姐注意到發作的當日往往是吃的很豐盛、油膩或很飽。綜合上述的病史，您認為腹痛最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "十二指腸潰瘍", "C": "急性胰臟炎", "D": "膽結石併膽絞痛"}, "answer": "膽結石併膽絞痛", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者主要是負責細胞還原生合成（reductive biosynthesis）反應之輔？", "options": {"A": "NADH", "B": "NADPH", "C": "FADH2", "D": "FMNH2"}, "answer": "NADPH", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關glutathione（GSH）的敘述，何者錯誤 ？", "options": {"A": "由Glu、Cys及Gly三種胺基酸組成", "B": "某些種類的leukotriene的⽣合成需要glutathione的參與", "C": "GSH被氧化時，經由雙硫鍵的形成產⽣glutathione disulfide（GSSG）", "D": "glutathione reductase利⽤ATP可直接將GSSG還原成2個GSH"}, "answer": "glutathione reductase利⽤ATP可直接將GSSG還原成2個GSH", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種疾病常合併下肢無力、感覺異常及大小便失禁？", "options": {"A": "脊髓肌肉萎縮症（spinal muscular atrophy） \t", "B": "脊神經管閉合不全（spinal dysraphism）", "C": "恰克-馬利-杜斯氏症（Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease）", "D": "裘馨氏肌失養症（Duchenne muscular dystrophy）"}, "answer": "脊神經管閉合不全（spinal dysraphism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何處損傷最可能導致病人有異常高的肌肉張力（hypertonia）？", "options": {"A": "α motor neurons", "B": "γ motor neurons", "C": "upper motor neurons", "D": "skeletal muscles"}, "answer": "upper motor neurons", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "23.一名30歲女性，近2個月血清肌酸酐從1.0升至3.0 mg/dL，其血清anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic抗體呈陰性反應，血清C3降低，C4正常，經腎臟切片檢查確定為新月型腎絲球腎炎，電鏡檢查發現有subepithelial electron-dense 沉積，glomerular basement membrane厚度正常，下列診斷何者正確？\n", "options": {"A": "membranous nephropathy", "B": "membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type II", "C": "lupus nephritis", "D": "poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis"}, "answer": "poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者位於會陰淺隙（superficial perineal pouch）？", "options": {"A": "陰莖腳", "B": "膜部尿道", "C": "會陰深橫肌", "D": "陰莖背側神經"}, "answer": "陰莖腳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關二尖瓣嚴重狹窄（severe mitral stenosis）之治療，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "有無徵狀的嚴重二尖瓣狹窄（mitral stenosis）都應該接受介入性的手術治療", "B": "嚴重的二尖瓣狹窄大都以風濕性心臟病（rheumatic heart disease）為主", "C": "利用體外循環之下行二尖瓣膜連合處切開術（open mitral commissurotomy, OMC）是手術選項之一", "D": "當無法實行二尖瓣膜連合處切開術時，二尖瓣膜置換手術（mitral valve replacement）也是外科治療選項之一"}, "answer": "有無徵狀的嚴重二尖瓣狹窄（mitral stenosis）都應該接受介入性的手術治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "P 先生對蝦蟹過敏，每次吃了海鮮大餐都會產生蕁麻疹。在 K 先生的主動提議下，K 先生將 P 先生的血清注射到自己的皮下後 1 週，K 先生吃了海鮮大餐後半小時也在注射的皮膚出現明顯的皮膚疹，但吃其他的食物並不會出現反應，身體其他地方也無特別病狀。下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "P 先生的反應是被動免疫，K 先生的反應是主動免疫", "B": "血清中具抗原特異性的 IgE 已經黏附在皮下的過敏細胞", "C": "P 先生的血清已經在 K 先生的身上引起免疫容忍", "D": "P 先生和 K 先生的反應都是被動免疫"}, "answer": "血清中具抗原特異性的 IgE 已經黏附在皮下的過敏細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下圖為一孩童之 X 光素片，下列相關敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "有呈現腸道異常之徵象", "B": "要考慮左側腹股溝疝氣（left inguinal hernia）", "C": "為確立診斷，必須進一步做小腸鋇劑攝影", "D": "應以外科手術治療"}, "answer": "為確立診斷，必須進一步做小腸鋇劑攝影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "71 32 歲女性曾做兩次流產手術，主訴痛經，經血量減少，經子宮輸卵管攝影檢查（見圖 A）及子宮鏡檢（見圖 B），下列診斷何者最適當？圖 A \t圖 B", "options": {"A": "Sheehan's Syndrome", "B": "Asherman's Syndrome", "C": "Swyer's Syndrome", "D": "Klinefelter Syndrome"}, "answer": "Asherman's Syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是視網膜最前端的組織構造？", "options": {"A": "玻璃體基底部（vitreous base）", "B": "鋸齒緣（ora serrata）", "C": "皺摺部（pars plicata）", "D": "平坦部（pars plana）"}, "answer": "鋸齒緣（ora serrata）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 18 歲男性病患兩年來有漸行性的動作性手抖、僵硬、手指徐動症（athetosis），說話有點不清晰，並無家族史。其肝功能不正常，腹部超音波顯示有肝硬化。目前對診斷最有幫忙的檢查為：", "options": {"A": "血液中銅及藍胞漿素（ceruloplasmin）之濃度", "B": "血液中維他命 B12濃度", "C": "基因測試 \t", "D": "血液中阿摩尼亞（ammonia）的濃度"}, "answer": "血液中銅及藍胞漿素（ceruloplasmin）之濃度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "小王由於白血病必須進行骨髓移植，他只有一位親弟弟，他這位弟弟進行 HLA 檢驗，則 HLA 完全與他符合的機會大約為多少%？", "options": {"A": "100", "B": "75", "C": "50", "D": "25"}, "answer": "25", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於蕁麻疹（urticaria）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "個別病灶通常在 24 小時內會消失，但可能會有新的病灶產生", "B": "dermographism 是因機械刺激造成 mast cell degranulation 而產生皮膚浮腫", "C": "急性和慢性蕁麻疹的定義，臨床上以是否持續 6 個月當分界", "D": "陽光或冷熱刺激亦可能會造成蕁麻疹"}, "answer": "急性和慢性蕁麻疹的定義，臨床上以是否持續 6 個月當分界", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於tetracyclines類抗生素之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "可結合至細菌之50S核醣體，而干擾蛋白質合成", "B": "常與制酸劑併用，以預防胃部不適", "C": "治療立克次體感染的首選藥物", "D": "doxycycline口服時，易受食物干擾吸收"}, "answer": "治療立克次體感染的首選藥物", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "子宮內膜（Endometrium）的發育，與卵泡的逐漸成熟相一致並受卵巢雌性素（estrogen）分泌影響的是那一時期？", "options": {"A": "增殖期（Proliferative phase）", "B": "分泌期（Secretory phase）", "C": "缺血期（Ischemic phase）", "D": "月經期（Menstrual phase）"}, "answer": "增殖期（Proliferative phase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不直接與子宮相連？", "options": {"A": "闊韌帶（broad ligament）", "B": "懸韌帶（suspensory ligament of ovary） \t", "C": "卵巢韌帶（ligament of ovary）", "D": "子宮圓韌帶（round ligament of uterus）"}, "answer": "懸韌帶（suspensory ligament of ovary） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "直腸癌最常見的症狀是那一項？", "options": {"A": "裡急後重感（tenesmus）", "B": "便血（hematochezia）", "C": "解粘液便（mucus discharge）", "D": "大便習慣改變（change in bowel habit）"}, "answer": "便血（hematochezia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "酶具有高效率的化學反應催化作用（catalysis），原因為何？", "options": {"A": "可抑制酶促反應（enzymatic catalytic reaction）的逆反應", "B": "可增加催化反應的平衡常數（equilibrium constant）", "C": "可降低化學反應的活化能（activation energy, ΔG‡）", "D": "可增加化學反應的活化能（activation energy, ΔG‡）"}, "answer": "可降低化學反應的活化能（activation energy, ΔG‡）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "慢性心房振顫（Atrial fibrillation）的病人，可以用下列那一種手術術式來治療，使其恢復竇律（Sinus rhythm）？", "options": {"A": "植入式心室振顫自動去除器（Automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator）", "B": "心律調整器（VVI pacemaker）", "C": "迷宮手術（Maze operation）", "D": "心房轉換手術（Atrial switch）"}, "answer": "迷宮手術（Maze operation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關血液中二氧化碳之運輸，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "在肺泡微血管（alveolar capillary）中，碳酸氫根離子（HCO3-）自紅血球流出（efflux）", "B": "在周邊微血管（peripheral capillary）中，碳酸氫根離子（HCO3-）自紅血球流出（efflux）", "C": "主要依賴氯-碳酸氫根共同轉運蛋白（Cl-- HCO3- cotransporter）之協助", "D": "血液中二氧化碳主要以碳酸根離子（CO32-）之形式存在"}, "answer": "在周邊微血管（peripheral capillary）中，碳酸氫根離子（HCO3-）自紅血球流出（efflux）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "霍亂弧菌（Vibrio cholerae）之血清型別是依據下列何者的抗原性予以區分？", "options": {"A": "鞭毛蛋白（flagellin）", "B": "莢膜多醣體（capsular polysaccharides）", "C": "脂多醣體（lipopolysaccharides）", "D": "外膜蛋白（outer membrane proteins）"}, "answer": "脂多醣體（lipopolysaccharides）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關犬心絲蟲（Dirofilaria immitis）感染的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "狗是該蟲的終宿主（final host） \t \t", "B": "人體被狗身上的蝨子及跳蚤叮咬而感染", "C": "在人體感染很少能發育為成蟲 \t", "D": "大多數被感染的病人都在肺臟或皮下組織形成結節（nodules）"}, "answer": "人體被狗身上的蝨子及跳蚤叮咬而感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腎病症候群的特點為重度蛋白尿，低白蛋白血症，高脂血症和水腫", "B": "高蛋白飲食為治療腎病症候群的必要方式之一", "C": "膜性腎病變（membranous glomerulonephritis）腎絲球腎炎容易發生腎靜脈血栓", "D": "腎病症候群患者其血漿滲透壓降低，可刺激肝臟脂蛋白合成而造成高脂血症，其中以低密度脂蛋白及膽固醇之增加為最常見"}, "answer": "高蛋白飲食為治療腎病症候群的必要方式之一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "接合黴菌綱（zygomycetes）通常不具下列那一種構造？", "options": {"A": "columella", "B": "sporangium", "C": "phialides", "D": "coenocytic hyphae 59 \t下列有關新型隱球菌（Cryptococcus neoformans）黑色素（melanin）之敘述何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "phialides", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "42 一位 38 歲男性過去未曾關節腔出血，但因拔牙後流血不止而就醫。抽血檢查發現血小板數目 2 秒，aPTT 75.3 秒。下列診斷何者最應優先考慮？", "options": {"A": "嚴重型類血友病（type 3 von Willebrand disease） \t", "B": "血小板無力症（Glanzmann's thrombasthenia）", "C": "第十凝血因子缺乏（Factor X deficiency）", "D": "第十一凝血因子缺乏（Factor XI deficiency）"}, "answer": "第十一凝血因子缺乏（Factor XI deficiency）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當妊娠期間的婦女出現有異食症（pica syndrome）時，應該懷疑與下列何種情況最有相關性？", "options": {"A": "家暴、暴力虐待（domestic abuse）", "B": "蛔蟲感染（ascariasis）", "C": "缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）", "D": "精神分裂症（schizophrenia）"}, "answer": "缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "49 一位 48 歲婦女，主訴不正常子宮出血，子宮內膜搔刮手術報告為 atypical complex hyperplasia，下列 何者為最適當之治療？\n", "options": {"A": "子宮切除", "B": "黃體素給予", "C": "雌激素給予", "D": "子宮鏡指引下，再次切除病灶"}, "answer": "子宮切除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "巴拉松屬於那一種農藥？", "options": {"A": "有機氯", "B": "有機磷", "C": "氨基甲酸鹽", "D": "天然產物"}, "answer": "有機磷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 38 歲女性，過去無重大疾病史，至門診要求減重。理學檢查發現其血壓 138/94 mmHg，心跳 78 次/分，體重 68 公斤，腰圍 88 公分，身體質量指數（BMI）為 26.6 kg/m2。家族病史顯示母親有糖尿病。下列處置何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "因合併有高血壓，應立即使用 sibutramine 或 orlistat 等藥物減重 \t", "B": "家族病史有糖尿病，因此應給予 metformin 以減重並降血糖", "C": "腰圍大於 80 公分，屬中央型肥胖（central obesity），應進行腹部脂肪之抽脂手術", "D": "病人屬體重過重，先以飲食與運動治療即可"}, "answer": "病人屬體重過重，先以飲食與運動治療即可", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "某病毒可引起孩童之急性下呼吸道疾病，經由鼻腔分泌物分離出該病毒，發覺其不具血球凝集作用，但可使感染之細胞融合（syncytia）。該病毒可能為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒病毒A型（Influenza virus A）", "B": "副流行性感冒病毒（Parainfluenza virus）", "C": "呼吸道細胞融合病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus）", "D": "麻疹病毒（Measles virus）"}, "answer": "呼吸道細胞融合病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "48歲男性B型肝炎患者，腹部超音波發現一大型肝臟腫瘤，且主要肝門靜脈也有腫瘤栓塞，顯微鏡下腫瘤細胞含有膽色素，則下列敘述何者為最有可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "膽管癌", "B": "肝臟血管瘤", "C": "肝細胞癌", "D": "轉移性膽囊癌"}, "answer": "肝細胞癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "B 群鏈球菌（GBS）常菌集落（colonization）於健康婦女之陰道，易造成新生兒之感染，如敗血症、肺炎及腦膜炎等。新生兒 GBS 感染可分早期（early onset，出生後 7 天內）及晚期（late onset，出生後 7~90 天），則下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在生產開始前（before labor）使用抗生素（penicillin）無法可靠地清除陰道之 GBS 菌落，因此無法預防新生兒 GBS 感染", "B": "生產期間（intrapartum）給予母親抗生素可阻斷新生兒 GBS 之 colonization，預防新生兒 GBS 感染", "C": "在懷孕前或懷孕期間給予母親 GBS 疫苗，產生之保護性抗體可通過胎盤，保護新生兒不受 GBS 感染", "D": "生產期間給予母親抗生素或疫苗接種，兩種方法均可預防早期及晚期新生兒 GBS 感染"}, "answer": "生產期間給予母親抗生素或疫苗接種，兩種方法均可預防早期及晚期新生兒 GBS 感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "39 歲男性，一個月前開始出現嚴重搔癢性皮疹，皮疹主要分布於指間、手腕及肘窩屈側、肚臍周圍、外陰部、臀部等處。病灶處 KOH 法顯微鏡檢查如圖所示，下列問診項目中，何者與本症之診斷較無關係？", "options": {"A": "嚴重搔癢的時間", "B": "糖尿病的病史", "C": "家人是否有類似症狀", "D": "最近的婚外性行為"}, "answer": "糖尿病的病史", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "57.一位79歲女性兩星期前不慎滑倒，造成下背痛，無法起立。現在背痛已漸改善，且可用四腳拐杖輔助走路。 X光檢查顯示第二腰椎壓迫性骨折（compression fracture），椎體高度喪失約20%，腰椎前凸（lordosis）仍保持，沒有椎莖破壞（pedicle destruction）。下列何者是病患現在最適當的治療？ \n", "options": {"A": "背架保護加止痛藥物保守治療", "B": "經皮椎體成型手術（percutaneous vertebroplasty）治療", "C": "第一腰椎至第三腰椎後位骨釘固定骨融合手術治療", "D": "椎板切除（laminectomy）神經減壓，加第一腰椎至第三腰椎骨釘固定治療"}, "answer": "背架保護加止痛藥物保守治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "熱帶肺部嗜酸性白血球增多症（tropical pulmonary eosinophilia）的病患常呈現下列特徵，何者除外？", "options": {"A": "血清中呈現高效價抗絲蟲抗體", "B": "除肺部外，末梢血液中之嗜酸性白血球也增多", "C": "大量微絲蟲（microfilaria）會出現在末梢血液中", "D": "用diethylcarbamazine治療有效"}, "answer": "大量微絲蟲（microfilaria）會出現在末梢血液中", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關巴金森氏症（Parkinson's disease），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為大腦黑質（substantia nigra）及基底核（basal ganglia）中神經元的多巴胺（dopamine）分泌不足所造成", "B": "患者腦中之退化神經元中常含有由神經絲（neurofilaments）與特定蛋白質交織而成的內含體（Lewy bodies）", "C": "通常會直接投予（口服或注射）多巴胺（dopamine）治療", "D": "腦神經元退化後，通常會有明顯的神經膠樣變性（gliosis）"}, "answer": "通常會直接投予（口服或注射）多巴胺（dopamine）治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關鈣離子阻斷劑（calcium channel blocker）治療高血壓，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "dihydropyridines（如 nifedipine）易造成 reflex tachycardia", "B": "diltiazem 或 verapamil 可造成房室傳導時間（atrioventricular conduction）延長", "C": "dihydropyridines 易造成下肢水腫", "D": "短效的 dihydropyridines 比長效的 dihydropyridines 治療高血壓，更能達到保護心血管效果 15 有關膽管癌（cholangiocarcinoma）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？"}, "answer": "短效的 dihydropyridines 比長效的 dihydropyridines 治療高血壓，更能達到保護心血管效果 15 有關膽管癌（cholangiocarcinoma）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列關於王女士所需醫療照顧之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "王女士之精神病症狀可投與 haloperidol 治療 \t", "B": "如王女士在急診時仍持續有睡眠障礙，可用長效之 benzodiazepines 治療", "C": "應避免時常更換不同之照顧者", "D": "王女士於此病改善後，不需長期住院"}, "answer": "如王女士在急診時仍持續有睡眠障礙，可用長效之 benzodiazepines 治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不適於斷指重接（replantation）？", "options": {"A": "全手掌（complete plam）截斷", "B": "部份大拇指（partial thumb）截斷", "C": "多層（multiple levels）截斷", "D": "多指（multiple digits）截斷"}, "answer": "多層（multiple levels）截斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "臀部肌肉注射時，外上四分之一象限（upper lateral quadrant）是安全部位，下列何者位於此部位？", "options": {"A": "股四方肌（quadratus femoris）", "B": "臀中肌（gluteus medius）", "C": "闊筋膜張肌（tensor fasciae latae）", "D": "髂腰肌（iliopsoas）"}, "answer": "臀中肌（gluteus medius）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據American Burn Association所訂，須到灼傷中心住院的情況，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "二及三度燒傷大於10% TBSA", "B": "三度燒傷", "C": "inhalation injury", "D": "5歲以下，50歲以上，二及三度燒傷大於5% TBSA"}, "answer": "5歲以下，50歲以上，二及三度燒傷大於5% TBSA", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲女性因為長時間杵狀指與肢端發紺到院求治。動脈血氣體分析為：pH 7.45，PaO2 50 mmHg， PaCO2 35 mmHg，HCO3- 24 mmol/L（未使用氧氣），血比容為 65%。給予純氧呼吸 30 分鐘後，再分析動脈血氣體結果為：pH 7.4，PaO2 195 mmHg，PaCO2 39 mmHg，HCO3- 24 mmol/L，胸部X光與肺功能檢驗都正常。最可能造成此病人低血氧的機制為何？", "options": {"A": "通氣不足", "B": "通氣灌流比異常", "C": "血液分流", "D": "肺部瀰散障礙"}, "answer": "血液分流", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "50 20 歲年輕男性有嚴重頭痛 1 天，身體檢查發現頸部僵硬，體溫 38.8℃，呼吸 26，脈搏 98，血壓 95/45 。腦的肉眼變化如附圖。最可能造成該變化的微生物是： \n", "options": {"A": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "B": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "C": "Toxoplasma gondii \t", "D": "Neisseria meningitidis"}, "answer": "Neisseria meningitidis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "使用 lamivudine 治療慢性 B 型肝炎，容易使 B 型肝炎病毒產生何種基因之突變？", "options": {"A": "B 型肝炎病毒抗原 HBxAg", "B": "B 型肝炎病毒抗原 HBsAg", "C": "B 型肝炎病毒抗原 HBcAg", "D": "DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）"}, "answer": "DNA 聚合酶（polymerase）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲男性，因咳嗽而至門診就診時，發現痰液 acid-fast stain 為陽性。下列的致病菌何者不會呈現 acid-fast stain 陽性？", "options": {"A": "Mycobacterium avium complex", "B": "Legionella pneumophila", "C": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "D": "Nocardia asteroides"}, "answer": "Legionella pneumophila", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於先天性免疫力（innate immunity）相關的基因突變會導致嚴重的原發性免疫缺損疾病的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "NEMO 的突變不會影響先天性免疫力", "B": "慢性肉芽腫病的病患易受肝炎病毒感染", "C": "白血球黏著分子缺損可能會導致新生兒臍帶傷口延遲癒合", "D": "Toll-like receptor 的缺損不會導致對病毒的免疫缺損"}, "answer": "白血球黏著分子缺損可能會導致新生兒臍帶傷口延遲癒合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "倒生性乳頭瘤（inverted papilloma）最常發生於鼻腔之何處？", "options": {"A": "鼻中隔", "B": "鼻前庭", "C": "鼻側壁", "D": "鼻底部"}, "answer": "鼻側壁", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種材料是目前最常被用來修補耳膜破孔？", "options": {"A": "自體顳肌膜（temporalis fascia）", "B": "自體皮瓣（pedicle flap）", "C": "自體全層皮膚移植片（full thickness skin graft）", "D": "自體分層皮膚移植片（split thickness skin graft）"}, "answer": "自體顳肌膜（temporalis fascia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "27 下列關於粒線體（mitochondria）的敘述，何者錯誤？  ", "options": {"A": "含有自己的 genome", "B": "電子傳遞鍊（electron transport system）之基因，全位於 mitochondrial genome", "C": "mitochondrial genome mutation 常造成先天神經肌肉或內分泌疾病", "D": "mitochondrial genome mutation 通常遺傳自母親"}, "answer": "mitochondrial genome mutation 通常遺傳自母親", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "目前所訂定的鉛中毒標準，對小孩族群之保護遠比對成人嚴格，主要來自下列那一系統或器官的毒性效應？", "options": {"A": "呼吸系統", "B": "周圍神經系統", "C": "造血系統", "D": "肝"}, "answer": "造血系統", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "輪狀病毒（Rotavirus）和挪瓦克病毒（Norwalk virus）屬於不同病毒，但它們共同具有下列何種特性？", "options": {"A": "可經由糞-口傳播", "B": "均是雙股 RNA", "C": "均是單股 RNA", "D": "可經由游泳傳播"}, "answer": "可經由糞-口傳播", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "被下列那一種人體寄生蟲嚴重感染後，患者會出現腸阻塞（bowel obstruction）的臨床症狀？", "options": {"A": "橫川氏吸蟲（Metagonimus yokogawai）", "B": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "C": "蛔蟲（Ascaris lumbricoides）", "D": "棘顎口線蟲（Gnathostoma spinigerum）"}, "answer": "蛔蟲（Ascaris lumbricoides）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種麻醉劑，在可產生外科麻醉的濃度下，所需要的誘導時間最短？", "options": {"A": "nitrous oxide", "B": "benzodiazepines", "C": "methoxyflurane", "D": "halothane"}, "answer": "nitrous oxide", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關頭痛的現象之中，何者最需要讓病人接受腦部磁振造影或電腦斷層攝影？", "options": {"A": "頭痛通常發生在單側  \t", "B": "頭痛已經十年，型態及嚴重度都沒有變化", "C": "最近常在凌晨因頭痛而醒過來，且常伴隨噁心嘔吐", "D": "頭痛之前常有閃光性的視野缺損（scintillating scotoma）"}, "answer": "最近常在凌晨因頭痛而醒過來，且常伴隨噁心嘔吐", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "乳房X光攝影之篩檢報告為breast imaging reporting and data system（BI-RADS）category 0，下列的處置何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "一年後再追蹤", "B": "直接手術切片", "C": "細胞針刺檢查", "D": "加做乳房超音波"}, "answer": "加做乳房超音波", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "朱女士，45 歲，20 年前因開刀輸血感染 C 型肝炎，目前 AST 60 U/L，ALT 85 U/L，肝生檢（biopsy）顯示為第二期（Metavir F2）之肝纖維化。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "朱女士應定期接受肝癌篩檢，包括腹部超音波和甲型胎兒蛋白", "B": "朱女士可接受抗病毒治療", "C": "目前 C 型肝炎之標準治療為長效型干擾素（pegylated interferon）合併雷巴威林（ribavirin）和蛋白酵素抑制劑（protease inhibitor）", "D": "若能清除 C 型肝炎病毒，可減少肝硬化和肝癌之風險"}, "answer": "朱女士可接受抗病毒治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關Trisomy18（Edwards syndrome）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "容易早產", "B": "窄及外展受限的髖關節（Narrow hips with limited abduction）", "C": "經過良好治療，90%可存活至成年", "D": "存活者有嚴重的神經學發展遲緩"}, "answer": "經過良好治療，90%可存活至成年", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "60 歲女性病人，20 年前有右側乳癌做過 irradiation，發現右側甲狀腺硬塊約二個月，則應建議做何檢查？", "options": {"A": "T3, T4, TSH", "B": "超音波定位細胞學檢查", "C": "核磁共振", "D": "血管攝影"}, "answer": "超音波定位細胞學檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "咖啡因（caffeine）戒斷之最常見症狀為何？", "options": {"A": "入睡困難", "B": "頭痛", "C": "心搏過速", "D": "手抖"}, "answer": "頭痛", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關脂漏性⽪膚炎（seborrheic dermatitis）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "好發在頭⽪、眉⽑、⿐⼦兩側、⽿朵後⾯", "B": "常發於嬰兒和成⼈", "C": "外⽤抗黴菌藥物不能有效治療脂漏性⽪膚炎", "D": "若是病程頑固且臨床表現不尋常，需留意HIV感染"}, "answer": "外⽤抗黴菌藥物不能有效治療脂漏性⽪膚炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "能引起體內產生較強抗體反應的蛋白質抗原，一般具有何特性？", "options": {"A": "分子量很小（MW < 2500）", "B": "結構簡單、複雜度不高", "C": "與反應個體的體內分子差異大", "D": "進入體內可以很快完全釋放"}, "answer": "與反應個體的體內分子差異大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "老化過程中會發生許多生理變化，下列何種變化在正常老人最常見？", "options": {"A": "腎素（renin）分泌增加 \t", "B": "腎上腺皮質醛酮（aldosterone）分泌增加", "C": "心房利鈉激素（atrial natriuretic hormone）分泌增加", "D": "抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone）分泌減少"}, "answer": "心房利鈉激素（atrial natriuretic hormone）分泌增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關精索靜脈曲張（varicocele）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "年紀大的人突然發生精索靜脈曲張，有時是腎臟腫瘤的表現", "B": "精子的濃度和運動力可不受影響", "C": "進行 valsalva maneuver 時精索靜脈曲張會更明顯", "D": "外科手術是結紮 internal spermatic veins"}, "answer": "精子的濃度和運動力可不受影響", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "⼦宮外孕病患選擇內科單⼀化學藥物methotrexate（葉酸拮抗劑）治療後，第4天⾄第7天抽⾎檢驗⾎清⼈類絨⽑膜性腺激素值（human chorionic gonadotropin），根據美國⽣殖醫學會2013年建議，若下降幅度沒有達到多少百分比，可以考慮接受追加第⼆劑methotrexate治療？", "options": {"A": "45%", "B": "35%", "C": "25%", "D": "15%"}, "answer": "15%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關長期照護與醫療照護之比較，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "長期照護主要的對象為慢性病患或身心障礙之失能或失智者", "B": "醫療照護對象包括急性病患與慢性病患", "C": "長期照護以機構式照顧為主", "D": "醫療照護之照顧概念主要為治\t疾病"}, "answer": "長期照護以機構式照顧為主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於大腸的特徵？", "options": {"A": "環狀皺襞（plicae circulares）", "B": "結腸袋（haustrae coli） \t \t", "C": "腸脂垂（appendices epiploicae）", "D": "結腸帶（taeniae coli）"}, "answer": "環狀皺襞（plicae circulares）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，經過一系列臨床檢查後，發現她患有子宮頸癌第 Ib 期，她住院檢查並接受根除性子宮切除手術及骨盆腔淋巴結摘除手術。但是手術後病患自覺大腿無法內收，大腿內側感覺變差，且症狀並沒有慢慢好轉。請問最有可能的原因為何？", "options": {"A": "手術後淋巴水腫，壓迫骨盆神經", "B": "手術中傷到 pudendal nerve", "C": "手術中下肢使用彈性繃帶過久，導致神經壓迫損傷 \t", "D": "手術中傷到 obturator nerve"}, "answer": "手術中傷到 obturator nerve", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 23 歲男性，主訴下背疼痛且傳導至右下肢已數月之久。理學檢查發現兩側肌力 5 分，straight leg raising test（SLRT）右側 20°，左側 70°；雙側深部肌腱反射（DTR）正常，疼痛位置約在第五腰椎神經根支配處。則最有可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "腰椎腫瘤", "B": "腰椎椎間盤突出", "C": "腰椎滑脫", "D": "腰椎肌肉肌腱炎"}, "answer": "腰椎椎間盤突出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "陳先生，60 歲，每天均要喝酒，尤其晚餐還常不吃飯，由媳婦預備小菜下酒，同時吹吹年輕時的英雄故事，三天前腹痛住院，醫生懷疑腸胃有問題，因此一切飲食均由醫院嚴格管制，陳先生剛開始出現失眠、發抖的症狀，從昨天開始出現視幻覺，看到滿身爬滿蟲子，不停大叫並往外衝。陳先生最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "鎮靜劑服用過量中毒", "B": "酒精戒斷", "C": "妄想症", "D": "老年性痴呆"}, "answer": "酒精戒斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "醫療法規定下列何種醫療機構應提撥年度結餘的百分之二十以上作為營運基金？", "options": {"A": "公立醫療機構", "B": "財團法人醫療機構", "C": "社團法人醫療機構", "D": "教學醫院"}, "answer": "社團法人醫療機構", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲礦工，主訴乾咳及胸痛，組織切片顯示有黑色的色素沈積在肺、肋膜及淋巴結，其最可能的病理診斷為：", "options": {"A": "碳沈積症", "B": "矽沈積症", "C": "肺癌", "D": "黑色素癌"}, "answer": "碳沈積症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在長期使用類精神疾病治療藥物時，常會伴隨著錐體外症狀（extrapyramidal syndrome）的發生，其主要的原因係下列那種受體被阻斷所產生的結果？", "options": {"A": "muscarinic", "B": "dopamine", "C": "α-adrenergic", "D": "serotonin"}, "answer": "dopamine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於豎脊肌（erector spinae）？", "options": {"A": "半棘肌（semispinalis）", "B": "棘肌（spinalis）", "C": "最長肌（longissimus）", "D": "髂肋肌（iliocostalis）"}, "answer": "半棘肌（semispinalis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "門診來了一位52歲男性進行體檢，身高167公分，體重87公斤，平日沒有不適。身體診察發現血壓132/84毫米汞柱，心跳每分鐘72次，身體質量指數（BMI）31 kg/m2，其他身體檢查正常。在目前的血壓值所處的範圍，考慮前面的敘述，下列那一種生活型態修正對於降低血壓數值的效果最明顯？", "options": {"A": "每天慢走十分鐘，每週四次", "B": "每天作息正常", "C": "減重大約九公斤", "D": "每日限鹽小於六公克"}, "answer": "減重大約九公斤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "57 歲男性，由其女兒送至急診室，外觀衣衫襤褸、步態不穩，面無表情不回答問題。據其女兒所述，病患每天酗酒不太進食，最近視力漸差，急診的第一步處置應為：", "options": {"A": "靜脈注射含葡萄糖輸液", "B": "會診神經內科醫師", "C": "靜脈注射 MgSO4", "D": "靜脈注射 thiamine，再給予靜脈輸液"}, "answer": "靜脈注射 thiamine，再給予靜脈輸液", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於糖尿病（diabetes mellitus）診斷之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "空腹血漿葡萄糖濃度大於等於 126 mg/dL", "B": "餐後兩小時血漿葡萄糖濃度大於等於 180 mg/dL", "C": "糖化血紅素（hemoglobin A1c）大於 6.5%", "D": "有口渴多尿及不明原因體重減輕時，隨機血漿葡萄糖濃度大於等於 200 mg/dL"}, "answer": "餐後兩小時血漿葡萄糖濃度大於等於 180 mg/dL", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "李先生參加農耕隊服務於巴西，回國後腳部皮膚有出疹現象，診斷為泳者之癢（swimmer's itch），請問下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "止癢劑（antipruritic）及抗組織胺（antihistamine）可舒緩症狀", "B": "使用 mebendazole 可治療痊癒", "C": "在皮下組織一段時間後會在骨骼肌中形成包囊", "D": "是因人類血吸蟲尾動幼蟲（cercaria）感染而引起"}, "answer": "止癢劑（antipruritic）及抗組織胺（antihistamine）可舒緩症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "物理治療常常使用熱療來治療疼痛或是肌肉骨骼的問題。下列有關熱療的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "增加血流量", "B": "降低代謝", "C": "減少關節僵直程度", "D": "增加神經傳導速度"}, "answer": "降低代謝", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個40週出生2,000公克的新生兒，在出生後第2小時出現呼吸喘快、有肋骨下凹陷、全身發紅但嘴唇為紫紅色的現象，體溫脈博正常，檢測血糖值為30 mg/dL。接下來應做何種檢\t最為重要？", "options": {"A": "C反應蛋白（CRP）", "B": "血球血比容（Hematocrit）", "C": "心臟超音波（Heart ultrasound）", "D": "血液鈉離子濃度（Serum sodium concentration）"}, "answer": "血球血比容（Hematocrit）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "如圖所示之皮疹發生於頭皮、軀幹、手肘及膝蓋處，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是一種黴菌感染", "B": "311 nm 窄波紫外線 B 光是有效的治療方法", "C": "無同形現象（isomorphic phenomenon）", "D": "口服類固醇是最佳處置"}, "answer": "311 nm 窄波紫外線 B 光是有效的治療方法", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "37歲孕婦，G1P0，妊娠39週，生產後如圖所示：", "options": {"A": "first-degree laceration", "B": "second-degree laceration", "C": "third-degree laceration", "D": "fourth-degree laceration"}, "answer": "fourth-degree laceration", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病人雙眼顳側偏盲（bitemporal hemianopia），其病灶位於何處？", "options": {"A": "視神經（optic nerve）", "B": "眼窩（orbital fossa）", "C": "視神經管（optic canal）", "D": "視交叉（optic chiasma）"}, "answer": "視交叉（optic chiasma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關兒童生長與兒童發展的描述，何者最為完整？", "options": {"A": "生長（growth）是指一些技巧的成熟與功能的獲得", "B": "發展（development）是指兒童生理性的變化，如身高、體重及頭圍的變化", "C": "兒童的發展涵蓋了動作發展、語言發展、認知發展、社會情緒發展及自我照顧發展", "D": "丹佛發展篩檢量表（Denver II）是評估 6 歲以上兒童的發展"}, "answer": "兒童的發展涵蓋了動作發展、語言發展、認知發展、社會情緒發展及自我照顧發展", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當抗原侵入血液循環時，B 及 T 細胞免疫反應在何處發生？", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "肝臟", "C": "脾臟", "D": "淋巴結"}, "answer": "脾臟", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "maple syrup urine disease 是因為下列那個胺基酸無法代謝，造成 α-keto acids 在血液裡累積？", "options": {"A": "leucine", "B": "alanine", "C": "glycine", "D": "histidine"}, "answer": "leucine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "股動脈閉塞一段時間後將導致血管舒張之代謝產物生成，其原因為何？", "options": {"A": "氧供應高於氧需求 \t", "B": "氧供應低於氧需求 \t", "C": "氧供應與氧需求達到新平衡", "D": "與氧供應對氧需求之比值無關"}, "answer": "氧供應低於氧需求 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "李小姐習慣長時間於電腦前工作，她有雙眼近視，右眼約一千五百度，左眼一千九百度，日常生活和近距離工作時配戴一般眼鏡。她注意到有些漂浮物在視線周邊已有一段時間。一週前，李小姐開始覺得左眼的視野裡漂浮物越來越多，偶爾還伴有閃光。三天前，她的左眼在下鼻側漸漸變成像窗簾一般遮住她的視線。今天早上，她覺得症狀越來越嚴重，到醫院求診後住院做進一步的檢查和處置。住院當時，她的右眼以一千五百度鏡片矯正後的最佳矯正視力為 6/12，左眼以一千三百度鏡片矯正後的最佳矯正視力為 6/12，她的角膜狀態，瞳孔光反射，水晶體及眼壓都是正常的。視網膜檢查較可能的發現為何？", "options": {"A": "兩眼外上側視網膜下出血", "B": "左眼外上側視網膜剝離", "C": "兩眼內下側之脈絡膜腫瘤", "D": "左眼內下側視網膜靜脈血管阻塞"}, "answer": "左眼外上側視網膜剝離", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個一歲 6 個月的男童，剛出生時，在胸骨左側上緣可以聽到心縮期雜音，慢慢地嘴唇及指端有發紺的現象，發育尚稱良好，但在玩耍至某一程度，發紺會更厲害，無法繼續玩下去，必須在旁邊蹲坐一陣子再回去玩，胸部 X 光檢查及心電圖如圖示，則此病童最可能有何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "大動脈血管轉位症，體動脈接受缺氧血所造成的", "B": "一定是有肺動脈血流不足的先天性心臟病", "C": "可能是肺囊狀纖維化（Cystic fibrosis）之疾病", "D": "可能是先天性肺動脈高壓症"}, "answer": "一定是有肺動脈血流不足的先天性心臟病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 6 歲的女生，罹患彌漫增生型狼瘡性腎炎（diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis），已接受每天 30 mg 口服 prednisolone 2 個月，最近學校通知要施打疫苗（vaccination），下列何者易發生嚴重副作用，不宜施打？", "options": {"A": "Haemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccine", "B": "Influenza vaccine", "C": "Measles, mumps 及 rubella vaccine", "D": "Tetanus 及 diphtheria toxoid vaccine"}, "answer": "Measles, mumps 及 rubella vaccine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 61 歲男性主訴倦怠，四個月以來逐漸嚴重。病人血清肌酸酐及尿素氮明顯增加，尿液試紙檢驗，無血尿、尿蛋白或尿糖情形，但本斯瓊司氏蛋白（Bence Jones proteins）測試陽性。腎切片檢查如下圖所示。病人之基本病因為何？", "options": {"A": "風濕熱（Rheumatic fever）", "B": "多發性骨髓瘤（Multiple myeloma）", "C": "僵直性脊椎炎（Ankylosing spondylitis）", "D": "系統性硬化症（Systemic sclerosis）"}, "answer": "多發性骨髓瘤（Multiple myeloma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "舌癌最容易發生在那一部位？", "options": {"A": "舌頭前端", "B": "舌根部", "C": "舌頭側邊", "D": "舌頭中間部位"}, "answer": "舌頭側邊", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 2 歲大的男童，自出生 6 個月後反覆有中耳炎、細菌性鼻竇炎及肺炎，雖然施打卡介苗，直至目前並無任何關於卡介苗的併發症，除了一般常規的 CBC/DC 檢查之外，你認為下列何種檢測最能查出病因？", "options": {"A": "Lymphocyte proliferation test including antigens and mitogens stimulation", "B": "Immunoglobulins level（IgG, A, M, E）& lymphocyte subsets", "C": "PMN function tests, including chemotaxis, nitroblue tetrazolium test, CD11/CD18 expression及phagocytosis", "D": "HIV 1+2 Ab"}, "answer": "Immunoglobulins level（IgG, A, M, E）& lymphocyte subsets", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "16.一35歲過去無特殊病史之已婚女性，因兩天的發燒、頻尿、左腰痛求診。急診所做血液培養：Staphylococcus epidermidis （只在一瓶需氧血液培養瓶長出；另一瓶厭氧瓶及另一\t血液培養，則無細菌生長）; 尿液常規有膿尿症，尿液培養：\n", "options": {"A": "安排心臟超音波，尋找感染性心內膜炎之證據", "B": "依血液培養報告選擇抗生素，積極治療S. epidermidis菌血症", "C": "依尿液培養報告選擇抗生素，治療E. coli泌尿道感染", "D": "依血液與尿液培養報告選擇抗生素，同時治療S. epidermidis菌血症與E. coli泌尿道感染"}, "answer": "依尿液培養報告選擇抗生素，治療E. coli泌尿道感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "49 一位 39 歲男性，因為持續 3 週的血痰與呼吸喘促到院求治。胸部 X 光與胸部電腦斷層顯示兩側多發性實質化與毛玻璃樣浸潤。尿液檢查有許多紅血球。理學檢查發現後鼻腔有黏膜增厚，疑似腫塊。 下列那種檢驗對於確立診斷效益最低？ \n", "options": {"A": "cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody（c-ANCA）", "B": "anti-glomerular basement membrane（GBM）antibody", "C": "anti-cardiolipin antibody", "D": "鼻腔腫塊活體切片"}, "answer": "anti-cardiolipin antibody", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "46歲生過四胎之婦女，於第四胎生產時接受輸卵管結紮手術。現因不正常陰道出血而就醫，經陰道診視發現子宮頸表面平滑，血液自子宮頸口處流出，觸診發現子宮大小正常無觸痛之情形。經陰道超音波掃瞄子宮大小正常無內膜增生之情形，然而於子宮附屬物區發現有香腸般水囊狀物，最長部位為9.5公分而最寬部位為3.9公分，此水囊狀物最適合之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "尿道憩室（urethral diverticulum）", "B": "盲腸炎（appendicitis）", "C": "輸尿管水腫（hydroureter）", "D": "輸卵管水腫（hydrosalpinx）"}, "answer": "輸卵管水腫（hydrosalpinx）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "40歲女性，患蜘蛛膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage），檢查發現囊狀動脈瘤出血，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "該血管瘤在病人出生時即已存在", "B": "主要的缺損是血管的內膜（intima）", "C": "病人的一等親患此病的機率與一般人相同 \t", "D": "若該血管瘤為剝離性動脈瘤（dissecting aneurysm）而非囊狀動脈瘤，它的臨床表現通常是大腦梗塞（cerebral infarct）而非出血"}, "answer": "若該血管瘤為剝離性動脈瘤（dissecting aneurysm）而非囊狀動脈瘤，它的臨床表現通常是大腦梗塞（cerebral infarct）而非出血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一名 13 歲 9 個月男童因為身材矮小而就診，他出生時體重 3 公斤。他的父親身高 162 公分，第二性徵發育始於 14 歲；母親身高 152 公分，初經年齡為 13 歲。此孩童身體檢查顯示身高 137 公分（低於第三百分位），體重 32 公斤（第十百分位），左右睪丸均為 2 毫升，無陰毛發育，其他器官亦未發現異常。下列那一項檢查就此個案言最不適切？", "options": {"A": "骨齡（bone age）X 光檢查", "B": "單次空腹抽血測生長激素（growth hormone）值", "C": "單次空腹抽血測第一型似胰島素生長因子（insulin-like growth factor）值", "D": "腦部影像醫學檢查（image study）"}, "answer": "單次空腹抽血測生長激素（growth hormone）值", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者引起血小板增加的可能性最小？", "options": {"A": "慢性骨髓性白血病", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "脾臟切除", "D": "缺鐵性貧血"}, "answer": "肝硬化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "阻塞性肥厚型心肌病症患者之聽診，所聽到的收縮期心雜音，可因下列何項操作而減輕甚至消失？", "options": {"A": "蹲踞", "B": "站立", "C": "使用毛地黃", "D": "含舌下硝化甘油含片"}, "answer": "蹲踞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於腕隧道症候群（carpal tunnel syndrome），下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在小指（第五指）有麻痺感", "B": "在晚上（或不工作）時，大拇指和第二、第三指有痛感", "C": "嚴重時手部的肌肉萎縮", "D": "患者中女性較男性為多"}, "answer": "在小指（第五指）有麻痺感", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是造成新生兒先天性感染之重要病原體？", "options": {"A": "巨細胞病毒", "B": "梅毒螺旋體", "C": "弓蟲症", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "cyclosporine-A（CsA）是異體造血幹細胞移植（allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation）用來預防移植物反宿主疾病（graft-versus-host disease）的重要免疫抑制劑，下列何者不是CsA常見的副作用？", "options": {"A": "hypertension", "B": "hyperlipidemia", "C": "hyperglycemia", "D": "nephrotoxicity"}, "answer": "hyperglycemia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位長期喝酒之 40 歲男性患者因急性胰臟炎住院治療，不料第二天開始出現顫抖、流汗、血壓增高、心跳變快、焦慮不安、煩躁失眠、有視幻覺及被害妄想，之後並出現癲癇發作及意識混亂，亂拔點滴，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "應立即予以肢體約束，並注射鎮靜效果強的傳統抗精神病藥物", "B": "應給予大劑量苯二氮平類（benzodiazepines）的抗焦慮劑，但不需給予抗癲癇藥", "C": "胰臟炎與酒精性譫妄（alcohol withdrawal delirium）的產生沒有關聯", "D": "正子斷層造影（positron emission tomography）可能顯示左頂葉及右額葉代謝明顯增加"}, "answer": "應給予大劑量苯二氮平類（benzodiazepines）的抗焦慮劑，但不需給予抗癲癇藥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "風濕性心臟病（rheumatic heart disease）最常侵犯：", "options": {"A": "主動脈瓣膜（aortic valve）", "B": "二尖瓣膜（mitral valve）", "C": "肺動脈瓣膜（pulmonary valve）", "D": "三尖瓣膜（tricuspid valve）"}, "answer": "二尖瓣膜（mitral valve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "林先生主訴看東西影像會晃動，經檢查為雙側對稱性水晶體上顳側脫位（supero-temporal subluxation），會建議他作何種遺傳性疾病檢查？", "options": {"A": "半乳糖血症（galactosemia）", "B": "威爾遜氏病（Wilson's disease）", "C": "馬凡氏症候群（Marfan syndrome）", "D": "愛伯氏症候群（Alport syndrome）"}, "answer": "馬凡氏症候群（Marfan syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是 cAMP 媒介之藥理作用？", "options": {"A": "vasopressin 促進腎臟對水分之再吸收", "B": "norepinephrine 促進血管收縮", "C": "epinephrine 促進肝醣分解", "D": "epinephrine 促進脂肪細胞分解三酸甘油酯"}, "answer": "norepinephrine 促進血管收縮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "對於細菌莢膜（capsule）之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "主要成分為胜肽聚醣（peptidoglycan）", "B": "所有細菌皆有多醣類莢膜", "C": "導致⾰蘭⽒染⾊（Gram stain）反應的主要原因", "D": "能幫助細菌抵抗吞噬作⽤（phagocytosis）"}, "answer": "能幫助細菌抵抗吞噬作⽤（phagocytosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "FAP（Familial adenomatous polyposis）病人之形成大腸直腸癌與下列何者有關？", "options": {"A": "Tumor suppressor gene mutation", "B": "DNA mismatch repair gene mutations", "C": "myc oncogene \t", "D": "erb B2 oncogene"}, "answer": "Tumor suppressor gene mutation", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "38 在有慢性溶血疾病的病人，下列何種病毒感染會導致暫時性的再生不良性貧血（transient aplastic  crisis）？ \n", "options": {"A": "human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）", "B": "Parvovirus B19", "C": "Coxsackievirus \t", "D": "Enterovirus 39 \t下列何種藥物會使 Lambert-Eaton 肌無力症候群症狀惡化？"}, "answer": "Parvovirus B19", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "79 大維因車禍昏迷不醒至今已三年多，其同卵雙胞胎弟弟國明因上星期發生猛爆性肝炎而危在旦夕。雖然大維的肝功能正常且與國明有相同基因，但醫師並沒有提出要摘取大維肝臟來救國明的建議。 在倫理上，下列各項中何者是醫師不提這項建議最為重要的理由？ \n", "options": {"A": "國明並未同意接受大維的捐贈", "B": "為免大維的父母陷入兩難選擇", "C": "成功機率過低而不應貿然提出", "D": "大維無法同意捐贈肝臟給國明"}, "answer": "大維無法同意捐贈肝臟給國明", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "食用未熟之海水魚類，會感染下列何種寄生蟲？", "options": {"A": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis simplex）", "B": "美洲鈎蟲（Necator americanus）", "C": "廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）", "D": "中華肝吸蟲（Clonorchis sinensis）"}, "answer": "海獸胃線蟲（Anisakis simplex）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下運動神經元（lower motor neurons）的損傷會導致下列那一種疾病？", "options": {"A": "Parkinson's disease", "B": "Huntington's disease", "C": "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "D": "myasthenia gravis"}, "answer": "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "踝關節受傷機轉以下列何者最多？", "options": {"A": "旋前外轉（Pronation-External rotation）", "B": "旋前外展（Pronation-Abduction）", "C": "旋後內收（Supination-Adduction）", "D": "旋後外轉（Supination-External rotation）"}, "answer": "旋後外轉（Supination-External rotation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "針對衛生教育計畫本身執行過程給予評核，如教學活動安排時間是否合適、教學者能否熟用教學法、學習者是否全程參與教學活動等，是屬於下列那一種衛生教育的評價？", "options": {"A": "結果評價", "B": "過程評價", "C": "衝擊評價", "D": "成效評價"}, "answer": "過程評價", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "所謂「健康工人效應（healthy worker effect）」是指會造成何種偏差（bias）？", "options": {"A": "選樣上偏差（selection bias）", "B": "資料上偏差（information bias）", "C": "干擾（confounding）", "D": "測量上偏差（measurement error）"}, "answer": "選樣上偏差（selection bias）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "瘦素（leptin）會抑制食慾，使得體重得以維持恆定，是因為其促進下列何種傳導物質，進而抑制進食中樞所致？", "options": {"A": "α-melanocyte stimulating hormone（α-MSH）", "B": "neuropeptide Y（NPY）", "C": "orexin", "D": "agouti-related peptide（AgRP）"}, "answer": "α-melanocyte stimulating hormone（α-MSH）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是不可改善的心臟疾病危險因子？", "options": {"A": "高血壓", "B": "家族史", "C": "吸煙", "D": "靜態（sedentary）生活"}, "answer": "家族史", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者非 schizophrenia 病人到急診的常見原因？", "options": {"A": "藥物未按時服用", "B": "服藥產生之副作用", "C": "自殺行為", "D": "失眠"}, "answer": "失眠", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "16 歲男孩，主訴鼻塞、濃稠鼻涕已經超過一年。根據此張 plain CT 片，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "Chronic rhinitis", "B": "Chronic paranasal sinusitis", "C": "Fungal infection in the paranasal sinuses", "D": "Tumors in the paranasal sinuses"}, "answer": "Chronic paranasal sinusitis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於轉化症（conversion disorder〔functional neurological symptom disorder〕）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "常見於戲劇型人格（histrionic personality disorder）", "B": "癱瘓（paralysis）、視盲（blindness）、不語（mutism）是最常見的症狀", "C": "在男性患者中，與反社會型人格障礙症（antisocial personality disorder）相關", "D": "最佳的治療方式為告知患者其症狀是想像出來的"}, "answer": "最佳的治療方式為告知患者其症狀是想像出來的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是蕈毒鹼受體阻斷劑（muscarinic receptor-blocking drugs）之臨床用途？", "options": {"A": "青光眼（glaucoma）", "B": "動暈症（motion sickness）", "C": "支氣管擴張（bronchodilation）", "D": "帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）"}, "answer": "青光眼（glaucoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關發紺（cyanosis）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "週邊血管收縮是造成 peripheral cyanosis 最常見的原因", "B": "動脈血氧濃度過低，是造成 central cyanosis 的原因", "C": "血紅素蛋白（hemoglobin）異常或病變會造成貧血，但不會引起 central cyanosis", "D": "central cyanosis 有時會造成杵狀指（clubbing fingers）"}, "answer": "血紅素蛋白（hemoglobin）異常或病變會造成貧血，但不會引起 central cyanosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是人工膝關節置換手術後復健計畫的重點？", "options": {"A": "減少疼痛 \t", "B": "恢復關節活動度", "C": "恢復及增加肌力 \t", "D": "臥床休息以預防人工關節過早磨損"}, "answer": "臥床休息以預防人工關節過早磨損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "李女士在健康檢查時血液中的 antinuclear antibody（ANA）價數達到 1：8（titer 1：8），她沒有身體不適，也沒有其他的檢驗值異常。出現 ANA 自體抗體的意義為何？", "options": {"A": "應是檢驗錯誤，需重新抽血再測一次 \t", "B": "李女士已得到紅斑性狼瘡", "C": "李女士即將於近期發病，得到紅斑性狼瘡", "D": "某種低程度的自體免疫性是身體正常免疫功能運作的一部分"}, "answer": "某種低程度的自體免疫性是身體正常免疫功能運作的一部分", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "評估支氣管哮喘病患急性發作時，下列何種理學檢查結果不能作為哮喘嚴重度指標？", "options": {"A": "使用輔助肌吸氣（accessory muscle）", "B": "使用噘嘴呼吸（pursed-lip breathing）", "C": "胸腔過度充氣（hyperinflation）", "D": "有奇異脈（paradoxical pulse）"}, "answer": "使用噘嘴呼吸（pursed-lip breathing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在⼼臟無異常的病⼈置放flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter錄肺動脈楔壓（wedge pressure）時，其肺動脈楔壓最接近下列何種⾎壓？", "options": {"A": "aortic diastolic pressure", "B": "central venous pressure", "C": "left ventricular end-diastolic pressure", "D": "pulmonary artery systolic pressure"}, "answer": "left ventricular end-diastolic pressure", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關嗜鉻細胞瘤（Pheochromocytoma）的治療，下列那一項敘述正確？", "options": {"A": "病人已有高血壓，應避免給予輸液", "B": "需首先給予 beta adrenergic blocker，以改善流汗頭痛等症狀", "C": "病人雖然血壓高低不定，仍應給予 alpha adrenergic blocker", "D": "絕對禁用 calcium-channel blocker 以避免血壓變化太大"}, "answer": "病人雖然血壓高低不定，仍應給予 alpha adrenergic blocker", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關中耳（middle ear）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "聽管（auditory or Eustachian tube）平時是開的，僅在吞嚥或喊叫才關閉", "B": "三塊聽骨為透明軟骨", "C": "中耳腔又稱鼓室（tympanic cavity）", "D": "聽小骨間藉由韌帶聯合而形成關節"}, "answer": "中耳腔又稱鼓室（tympanic cavity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "目前治療晚期（advanced）上皮性卵巢癌化學療法的第一線藥物為何？", "options": {"A": "cisplatin＋5FU", "B": "carboplatin＋paclitaxel", "C": "cisplatin＋cyclophosphamide", "D": "carboplatin＋cyclophosphamide"}, "answer": "carboplatin＋paclitaxel", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "小腦天幕（cerebellar tentorium）不附著於：", "options": {"A": "蝶骨（sphenoid bone）", "B": "枕骨（occipital bone）", "C": "顳骨（temporal bone）", "D": "顴骨（zygomatic bone）"}, "answer": "顴骨（zygomatic bone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種病原體通常引起非典型肺炎（atypical pneumonia）？", "options": {"A": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "B": "Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare", "C": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "D": "Nocardia"}, "answer": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "⼀研究想比較抽菸者與非抽菸者的⾎膽固醇濃度，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "檢定時犯下型⼀錯誤（type I error）的機率，即為研究者設定的顯著⽔準", "B": "若顯著⽔準不變，欲增加統計檢定⼒，可以增加樣本數", "C": "型⼀錯誤是抽菸者與非抽菸者的⾎膽固醇濃度沒差異，但檢定時卻誤判有差異的情形", "D": "型⼀錯誤加型⼆錯誤的機率和為1"}, "answer": "型⼀錯誤加型⼆錯誤的機率和為1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關矽肺症（silicosis）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "盛行率最高的塵肺症", "B": "即使患者停止接觸二氧化矽疾病仍可以持續進展", "C": "患者感染結核病的機率與一般人相近", "D": "疾病晚期可見進展性大量纖維化（progressive massive fibrosis）"}, "answer": "患者感染結核病的機率與一般人相近", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在產前染⾊體檢查分析的20個⽺⽔細胞中，發現5個細胞有46條正常染⾊體，15個細胞多了⼀條第21號染⾊體。下列何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "無分離（nondisjunction）型唐⽒症候群（Down syndrome）", "B": "無分離（nondisjunction）型愛德華⽒症候群（Edwards syndrome）", "C": "轉位（translocation）型愛德華⽒症候群（Edwards syndrome）", "D": "異常細胞鑲嵌（mosaicism）型唐⽒症候群（Down syndrome）"}, "answer": "異常細胞鑲嵌（mosaicism）型唐⽒症候群（Down syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那些麻醉相關監視器對靜脈空氣栓塞（venous air embolism）偵測之敏感度（sensitivity），由高至低排列順序為何？", "options": {"A": "①②③④", "B": "②①③④", "C": "②③①④", "D": "④②①③"}, "answer": "④②①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種降血壓藥物最適合用於姙娠性高血壓的病人？", "options": {"A": "Clonidine", "B": "α-Methyldopa", "C": "Captopril", "D": "Propranolol"}, "answer": "α-Methyldopa", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "目前在醫療上常使用肉毒桿菌毒素（botulinum toxin）注射來治療肌肉痙攣，主要作用的機轉為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "讓肌肉細胞膜鈣離子阻斷作用，導致肌肉無法收縮", "B": "破壞乙醯膽鹼接受器（acetylcholine receptor）", "C": "讓乙醯膽鹼無法由終板（end plate）釋出，阻斷神經肌肉交接處的功能", "D": "使神經軸細胞質（axon plasma）流動停止，造成神經傳導異常"}, "answer": "讓乙醯膽鹼無法由終板（end plate）釋出，阻斷神經肌肉交接處的功能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關HDV的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "HDV可以與HBV急性共同感染（coinfection），或是重覆感染（superinfection）於HBV帶原者", "B": "重覆感染HDV，對原本慢性HBV帶原者有不好的影響，可能促使肝臟疾病快速惡化或造成猛爆性肝衰竭", "C": "HDV與HBV急性共同感染之後演變成慢性D型肝炎的機會較低", "D": "interferon（或pegylated interferon）是目前唯一被證實有效治療HDV的藥物，根治率極高（＞80%）且不容易復發"}, "answer": "interferon（或pegylated interferon）是目前唯一被證實有效治療HDV的藥物，根治率極高（＞80%）且不容易復發", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "成年人的踝關節急性創傷，可以根據 Ottawa ankle rules 來判斷是否需要接受 X 光檢查。下列何者不是 Ottawa ankle rules 的判斷準則？", "options": {"A": "受傷後內踝有壓痛（tenderness at tip of medial malleolus）", "B": "受傷後外踝有壓痛（tenderness at tip of lateral malleolus）", "C": "受傷後無法負重（inability to bear weight）", "D": "受傷後足踝背屈活動受限（limited dorsiflexion of ankle）"}, "answer": "受傷後足踝背屈活動受限（limited dorsiflexion of ankle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於預防院內泌尿道感染之原則，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "尿液中本來就有細菌，因此放置留置型導尿管不須採取無菌技術", "B": "放置留置型導尿管須採取無菌技術，以預防泌尿道感染", "C": "不應該為了照顧者之方便而放置留置型導尿管", "D": "留置型導尿管不需要時應儘早拔除"}, "answer": "尿液中本來就有細菌，因此放置留置型導尿管不須採取無菌技術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，如果病患是原發性副甲狀腺高能症（Primary Hyperparathyroidism），則那一項描述最正確？", "options": {"A": "肝臟腫瘤絕不是惡性的", "B": "異位性副甲狀腺腺瘤，頸部超音波 100%可以偵測", "C": "T1-201-Tc99m subtraction scan 定位優於 Tc99m sestamibi scan", "D": "手術切除副甲狀腺病灶"}, "answer": "手術切除副甲狀腺病灶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "活體肝移植捐贈者於部分肝切除後剩下的肝臟變化，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "被切除的肝葉重新長出", "B": "剩下的肝臟至少需半年以上才能長大一倍", "C": "肝細胞與庫弗氏細胞（Kupffer's cells）及內皮細胞同步複製", "D": "肝臟切除後的代償性生長主要是由於肝內幹細胞（intrahepatic stem cells）之生長 77 下列有關細胞凋亡（apoptosis）的敘述，何者正確？"}, "answer": "肝細胞與庫弗氏細胞（Kupffer's cells）及內皮細胞同步複製", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於兒童腸\t疊（intussusception）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "好發的年齡為三個月到兩歲", "B": "大多數病人都需要手術治療", "C": "好發部位在迴腸盲腸部（ileocecal region）", "D": "若診斷時已有腹膜炎的現象，則以手術治療較為恰當"}, "answer": "大多數病人都需要手術治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 danazol 的藥理學作用描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "一種經人工合成的睪固酮（testerone）", "B": "主要用於子宮內膜異位症（endometriosis）及良性乳房纖維囊腫（fibrocystic breast", "C": "具有抑制芳香環轉化酶（aromatase）的活性，進而抑制雌激素的合成", "D": "具有肝毒性"}, "answer": "具有抑制芳香環轉化酶（aromatase）的活性，進而抑制雌激素的合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "手肘彎曲時，尺骨頭（head of ulna）與下列何者接觸？", "options": {"A": "尺骨切迹（ulnar notch）", "B": "冠狀窩（coronoid fossa）", "C": "橈骨窩（radial fossa）", "D": "鷹嘴窩（olecranon fossa）"}, "answer": "尺骨切迹（ulnar notch）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下圖為一位 41 歲女性腰椎之磁振造影矢狀面 T1 及 T2 影像。第四及第五腰椎體內中央部分有橫向之高訊號變化。請問此高訊號的骨髓變化為何？", "options": {"A": "infectious spondylitis", "B": "transverse fracture of vertebral bodies", "C": "metastases", "D": "fatty replacement of central aspect of vertebral bodies"}, "answer": "fatty replacement of central aspect of vertebral bodies", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "75 歲男性病人腹痛兩天至急診，體溫 38.5℃、血壓 80/60 mmHg、脈搏 120/min，理學檢查發現上腹壓痛及僵硬有反彈痛（rebound pain）懷疑有消化性潰瘍並穿孔，此時最適宜之 X 光檢查為：", "options": {"A": "胸部 X 光（chest X-ray）", "B": "KUB X-ray", "C": "上消化道 X 光（upper G-I series）", "D": "腹部電腦斷層（abdominal CT scan）"}, "answer": "胸部 X 光（chest X-ray）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關胱胺酸結石（cystine stone）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "典型的 cystinuria 是 autosomal recessive 遺傳 \t", "B": "尿中的鎂離子是胱胺酸結石的 inhibitor", "C": "內科療法包括每天喝水超過 3 公升，和尿液的鹼性化", "D": "penicillamine 可以降低尿中胱胺酸的 level"}, "answer": "尿中的鎂離子是胱胺酸結石的 inhibitor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "許多蛋白質須與金屬離子結合後才能展現正確的功能，下列何種胺基酸的側鏈具備與金屬離子直接結合的能力？", "options": {"A": "半胱胺酸（cysteine）", "B": "丙胺酸（alanine）", "C": "苯丙胺酸（phenylalanine）", "D": "脯胺酸（proline） 27\t維生素 lipoic acid 及 biotin 是與酶分子中那個胺基酸結合？"}, "answer": "半胱胺酸（cysteine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "21.67歲男性本身有糖尿病，目前以口服降血糖藥物控制，前一天晚上11點左右喝了2瓶啤酒後，忽然發生心悸，一直到今日上午 5℃，心跳每分鐘140次，血壓150/80毫米汞柱，呼吸每分鐘24次。心電圖如下。下列處置何者最恰當？", "options": {"A": "給予coumadin口服", "B": "立即胸前電擊100J", "C": "給予amiodarone靜脈注射治療", "D": "給予heparin靜脈注射治療"}, "answer": "給予amiodarone靜脈注射治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "當巴金森氏病病人在晚期開始出現運動阻滯（motor block）時，進行下列何種運動比較不受影響？", "options": {"A": "上樓梯", "B": "在狹窄的走廊步行", "C": "過馬路", "D": "進出電梯門"}, "answer": "上樓梯", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是造成產婦出血（obstetrical hemorrhage）致死的常見原因？", "options": {"A": "胎盤早期剝離（abruption of placenta）和前置胎盤（placenta praevia）", "B": "植入性胎盤（placenta accreta/increta）和胎盤存留", "C": "子宮破裂和子宮無力（uterine atony）", "D": "子癇症（eclampsia）"}, "answer": "子癇症（eclampsia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "43.一位35歲女性因為月經流量太大應診，抽血檢查發現血紅素為11.2 gm/dL，白血球 7550/µL，血小板196500/µL，前凝血酵素時間（PT）INR 1.0，活化之部分凝血激素時間\n （aPTT）56秒（control:28\"-35\"），下列何種檢查對此病人的診斷不是必要的？ \n", "options": {"A": "factor VIII activity", "B": "factor IX activity", "C": "factor XIII activity", "D": "von Willebrand factor activity"}, "answer": "factor XIII activity", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關陰道滴蟲及其病症的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "患者之白帶呈白色乳酪狀", "B": "夫妻中男性通常沒有症狀，只需治療出現症狀的妻子即可", "C": "人是其唯一的宿主", "D": "感染型（infective form）為囊體"}, "answer": "人是其唯一的宿主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "34 某位 39 歲孕婦，G6P2A3，妊娠 35 週，產科史前二次妊娠皆因骨盆狹窄行剖腹產，此次妊娠採人工受孕，主訴突然陰道大出血，然而並無下腹痛或其他疼痛，急診送院後行緊急剖腹產。胎兒娩出後 ，胎盤無法完全剝離，子宮收縮疲軟出血不止，不得已行子宮全切除術。則上述病例最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "胎盤早期剝離", "B": "雙角子宮", "C": "植入性胎盤", "D": "雙葉胎盤"}, "answer": "植入性胎盤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "33 28 歲女性最近半年來臉頰部有紅斑（如附圖）及手指、手腕和肩膀有偶發性疼痛。曾經被醫師懷疑為紅斑性狼瘡。請問下列那些檢查對疾病的診斷最有幫助？ skin biopsy  anti-nuclear antibodies  serum complements C3 and C4 level rheumatoid factors complete \n blood routine  anti-dsDNA antibodies  anti-SS-A/anti-SS-B \n", "options": {"A": " \t- -", "B": "", "C": "", "D": ""}, "answer": "", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "陳小妹是一位國中 2 年級學生，7 天前，左手突然發生不自主的亂動，她無法拿碗吃飯，尤其是雙手平舉時，整隻手臂一直舞動不停無法控制，但是左手力量不減，感覺也無異常，理學及神經學檢查無其他異常。另外她的心臟超音波也顯示瓣膜不正常，紅血球沉降速率（ESR）也升高。最有可能的臨床臆斷是：", "options": {"A": "亨丁頓氏舞蹈症（Huntington's chorea）", "B": "辛登南氏舞蹈症（Sydenham's chorea）", "C": "高甲狀腺性舞蹈症 \t", "D": "中風性半邊舞蹈症"}, "answer": "辛登南氏舞蹈症（Sydenham's chorea）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種副作用與長期使用抗心律不整藥物 amiodarone 最無關？", "options": {"A": "Hyperthyroidism", "B": "Pulmonary fibrosis", "C": "Depression", "D": "Photosensitivity"}, "answer": "Depression", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "64.一位55歲男性這兩天意識變化被送至急診處。病人一個月前診斷為肺癌，但他拒絕任何進一步治療。家人敘述病人這個月情緒低落，但進食情況尚可，無嘔吐或發燒。身體檢查：體溫36.8℃，血壓130/78 mmHg，脈搏每分80次，呼吸每分19次。病人對時空有錯亂情形，以及嗜睡；其他神經學檢查無異常；右上鎖骨窩有一拇指大的淋巴結，下肢無水腫。初步檢查血比容 mg/dL，ALT 30 U/L，血糖156 mg/dL。血清電解質，Na+ 122，K+ 5.5，Cl- 86（電解質單位mmol/L）。有關此病人的可能診斷，下列那一個最適當？", "options": {"A": "肺癌併發阻塞性肺炎", "B": "肺癌併發腦部轉移", "C": "肺癌併發厭食", "D": "肺癌併發抗利尿激素分泌不當"}, "answer": "肺癌併發抗利尿激素分泌不當", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是真核細胞組蛋⽩去⼄醯酶（histone deacetylase）之主要功能？", "options": {"A": "調節基因之轉錄", "B": "增加組蛋⽩之濃度", "C": "減少mRNA轉譯之作⽤", "D": "增加真核起始因⼦2（eIF2）蛋⽩質之穩定性"}, "answer": "調節基因之轉錄", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一個正在接受手術後放射線治療的病人，發生嘔吐、食慾不佳、腹瀉及輕微腹痛之症狀。下列何者為最有可能之診斷？", "options": {"A": "放射線後膀胱炎（radiation cystitis）", "B": "放射線後腸炎（radiation enteritis）", "C": "放射線後直腸炎（radiation proctitis）", "D": "腸道陰道瘻管（enterovaginal fistula）"}, "answer": "放射線後腸炎（radiation enteritis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於小孩子外傷，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "小孩子胸部外傷雖未見肋骨骨折，但已有肺部挫傷現象", "B": "小孩子較常見脊椎沒有骨折但有脊髓受傷（spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality）之現象", "C": "小孩子急救時之優先順序與成人不相同", "D": "小孩子因皮下脂肪（subcutaneous tissue）較少，急救時易導致低體溫（hypothermia）"}, "answer": "小孩子急救時之優先順序與成人不相同", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "28 王女士 38 歲，接受機械性僧帽瓣置換手術後，術後使用 warfarin sodium，則下列何者正確？①若王女士須服用 thyroxine，應定期監測 prothrombin time，適當減少 warfarin 的劑量 ②若王女士須服用當歸、銀杏等中藥，應定期監測 aPTT，適當減少 warfarin 的劑量 ③若王女士須服用口服避孕藥，應定期監測 prothrombin time，適當增加 warfarin 的劑量 ④若王女士嗜食菠菜，應定期監測 aPTT，適當增加 warfarin 的劑量 ", "options": {"A": "①②", "B": "①③", "C": "②④", "D": "④"}, "answer": "①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "對於急性胰臟炎（acute pancreatitis）的可能併發症（complications），下列敘述何者錯誤?", "options": {"A": "低血容合併急性腎衰竭（hypovolemia with acute renal failure）", "B": "低血氧合併成人呼吸窘迫症（hypoxemia with adult respiratory distress syndrome）", "C": "高鈣血症合併抽搐（hypercalcemia with seizure）", "D": "血管栓塞合併小腸缺血症（vascular thrombosis with ischemic bowel disease）"}, "answer": "高鈣血症合併抽搐（hypercalcemia with seizure）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "1.1歲女童高燒3天並有輕微咳嗽，懸壅垂與舌顎交界處（Uvulopalatoglossal junction）有紅色小斑或出血點 （Nagayama spots），第4天開始出現紅疹後不再發燒，同時出現輕微腹瀉，此女童最可能是被下列何種病原體感染？\n", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒（Measles）", "B": "呼吸道融合病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus）", "C": "人類疱疹病毒第六型（Human Herpesviruses 6）", "D": "輪狀病毒（Rotavirus）"}, "answer": "人類疱疹病毒第六型（Human Herpesviruses 6）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於痘科病毒（Poxvirus）的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "天花的撲滅，是因為全⾯接種猴痘科（monkeypox）病毒的死毒疫苗", "B": "天花的撲滅，是因為全⾯接種天花病毒（variola virus）的減毒疫苗", "C": "猴痘科病毒對動物的感染⽬前仍然流傳於非洲，但不會感染⼈類", "D": "痘科病毒感染細胞後的複製過程在細胞質內進⾏，不需要宿主的DNA複製系統協助"}, "answer": "痘科病毒感染細胞後的複製過程在細胞質內進⾏，不需要宿主的DNA複製系統協助", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下圖為一個顏面部創傷來急診的病人，急診醫師安排臉部電腦斷層，顏面骨有骨折的狀況，其受傷的情形分類為：", "options": {"A": "右側Le Fort I + II，左側Le Fort III", "B": "右側Le Fort II + III，左側Le Fort I", "C": "右側Le Fort I + III，左側Le Fort II", "D": "右側Le Fort I + II，左側Le Fort IV"}, "answer": "右側Le Fort I + III，左側Le Fort II", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "為了解決家庭醫學常見的急慢性疾病、未分化問題及身心疾病達到全人照顧的目的，臨床診治宜採用何種模式？", "options": {"A": "生物醫學模式", "B": "心理醫學模式", "C": "社會醫學模式", "D": "生物心理社會模式"}, "answer": "生物心理社會模式", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "酸性藥物中毒時，給與NaHCO3的主要原因為何？", "options": {"A": "增加酸性藥物在肝臟代謝的速率", "B": "改變酸性藥物在血液中的穩定度", "C": "增加藥物在血液中的free form，利於腎絲球的過濾", "D": "減少藥物在腎小管的再回收"}, "answer": "減少藥物在腎小管的再回收", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲年輕女性來到門診，主訴 2 天前即覺得解小便時，尿道口有疼痛及燒灼的感覺，隨後並有頻尿和尿急之現象，今天早上則發現尿液呈粉紅色，兩天來下腹部偶有不適，但是並沒有發燒或寒顫之情形。最適當之臆斷（Impression）會是什麼？", "options": {"A": "泌尿道結石 \t", "B": "急性膀胱炎", "C": "膀胱腫瘤 \t", "D": "急性腎盂腎炎"}, "answer": "急性膀胱炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "叢林斑疹傷寒（scrub typhus）的病媒是：", "options": {"A": "跳蚤（flea）", "B": "紅（red mite）", "C": "體蝨（louse）", "D": "硬蜱（hard tick）"}, "answer": "紅（red mite）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 5 歲男童，因為先天性之雙側膀胱輸尿管逆流導致慢性腎病變。身體檢查發現：男童身高 100 公分，體重 20 公斤。抽血測得之血中尿素氮（BUN）值為 56 mg/dL；血清肌酸酐值 1.2 mg/dL。請估算其腎絲球過濾率，並根據慢性腎病之分期，判斷目前男童的腎功能屬於慢性腎病第幾期？", "options": {"A": "第一期", "B": "第二期", "C": "第三期", "D": "第四期"}, "answer": "第三期", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "評估兒童青少年的發展，須評估已具有的能力和生理年齡應有的發展程度之間的差距", "B": "大多數輕度智能障礙的成年人，能發展出自我支持（self-support）的社交和職業技能", "C": "大多數兒童在 1 歲時已會發出近似語言但不若語言清楚的聲音", "D": "對於大多數輕度智能障礙的兒童來說，5 歲之前常常無法發展出社交和溝通技能"}, "answer": "對於大多數輕度智能障礙的兒童來說，5 歲之前常常無法發展出社交和溝通技能", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "水中那一個物質的存在最能代表最近剛受到糞便的污染？", "options": {"A": "NH3-N", "B": "NO2--N", "C": "NO3--N", "D": "N2O5-N"}, "answer": "NH3-N", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "王小姐是子宮頸癌患者，理學檢查發現她的子宮頸癌病灶大小約 3 公分，且有侵犯到上 1/3 的陰道和右側子宮旁組織（parametrium），但未達到骨盆壁。其他檢查像是膀胱鏡檢查、下消化道攝影以及泌尿道攝影等均無發現腫瘤組織，則王小姐的子宮頸癌分期為：", "options": {"A": "子宮頸癌採用手術分期，須手術完才能確定", "B": "Stage IIa", "C": "Stage IIb \t", "D": "Stage IIIb"}, "answer": "Stage IIb \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "脂肪栓塞症候群（Fat embolism syndrome）是長骨或骨盆骨折的併發症，死亡率高。手術中及手術後如果有下列變化，要懷疑可能發生脂肪栓塞症候群，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "潮氣容積末二氧化碳（ETCO2）上升", "B": "動脈血氧濃度下降", "C": "肺動脈壓上升 \t", "D": "心電圖可能顯現類似缺血般的 ST-segment 變化"}, "answer": "潮氣容積末二氧化碳（ETCO2）上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種癲癇發作時，病人的意識是清醒的？", "options": {"A": "全身強直陣攣型發作（generalized tonic-clonic seizures）", "B": "複雜型部分發作（complex partial seizures）", "C": "單純型部分發作（simple partial seizures）", "D": "熱痙攣（febrile convulsion）"}, "answer": "單純型部分發作（simple partial seizures）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於硬皮症（morphea）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "硬皮症之皮膚病灶和全身性硬化症（systemic sclerosis）的皮膚病灶可明顯區分", "B": "極少見影響內臟器官，預後良好", "C": "常有雷諾氏現象（Raynaud phenomenon）", "D": "線形硬皮症（linear morphea）好犯於兒童之四肢"}, "answer": "常有雷諾氏現象（Raynaud phenomenon）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "最常見的先天性心臟病為：", "options": {"A": "心室中隔缺損", "B": "心房中隔缺損", "C": "法洛氏四合症", "D": "肺動脈瓣閉鎖"}, "answer": "心室中隔缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "停經後婦女的卵巢腫瘤多半來自？", "options": {"A": "卵巢表皮（ovarian epithelium）", "B": "卵巢實質（ovarian stroma）", "C": "卵巢生殖細胞（ovarian germ cell）", "D": "他處轉移而來"}, "answer": "卵巢表皮（ovarian epithelium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關雙極性疾患（bipolar disorder）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "多數個案會再復發", "B": "可能合併妄想或幻覺", "C": "第1次發病（onset）大部分是躁症", "D": "2次發病間可完全緩解（full remission）"}, "answer": "第1次發病（onset）大部分是躁症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "對於慢性不癒合傷口的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最常見的原因是傷口感染", "B": "放射線的暴露會造成內皮細胞（endothelial cell）的傷害和endarteritis，導致組織萎縮，纖維化和癒合延緩", "C": "Vitamin B12缺乏會妨礙單核細胞的活化和fibronectin沉積，然後影響細胞的黏\t和妨礙TGF-β receptors", "D": "糖尿病會影響傷口癒合的每一個步驟"}, "answer": "Vitamin B12缺乏會妨礙單核細胞的活化和fibronectin沉積，然後影響細胞的黏\t和妨礙TGF-β receptors", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 77 歲女性因為最近 8 個月來體重減輕 7 公斤而就診。她在 2 年前先生過世後就一個人獨居。最近一年因為心臟衰竭及膝關節炎，無法自我照料而住在長期照護機構。照顧者表示：她最近記憶力變差且情緒低落。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "根據 Holmes & Rahe 的社會再適應量表，配偶死亡比父母親死亡的壓力更大", "B": "人口統計資料顯示鰥寡者的死亡率比有配偶者高", "C": "評估社會心理對健康的影響時，社會資源（social resource）是很重要的項目", "D": "社會網絡（social network）對個人健康的影響是間接的"}, "answer": "社會網絡（social network）對個人健康的影響是間接的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關肝臟解剖學之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "通常膽囊動脈源自於右肝動脈", "B": "最常見的膽道構造為右前枝與右後枝膽管會合後，再與左膽管會合成總肝管（common hepatic duct）", "C": "尾狀葉（caudate lobe）指的是Couinaud分類中的第一節葉（segment 1）", "D": "即使在門脈高壓的情況底下，門脈循環與系統靜脈循環彼此之間仍然沒有聯繫（connection）"}, "answer": "即使在門脈高壓的情況底下，門脈循環與系統靜脈循環彼此之間仍然沒有聯繫（connection）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者非鬆脆類桿菌（Bacteroides fragilis）之特徵？", "options": {"A": "能水解七葉苷（esculin）", "B": "能生長於含20%膽鹽（bile salt）的培養基", "C": "能產生芽胞（spore）", "D": "屬革蘭氏陰性桿菌"}, "answer": "能產生芽胞（spore）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "15 有關世界衛生組織（WHO）與臺灣衛生福利部疾病管制署目前在推動之手部衛生運動中，所謂洗手 5 時機，包括下列那些情形？①幫病人做身體檢查前 ②只接觸病人身體體表之一般檢查之後 ③預期接觸到病人血液或體液才須洗手 ④執行侵入性檢查戴無菌手套之前 ⑤進入病人房間，只觸碰到床欄桿就離開病人房間 ", "options": {"A": "①①①①①", "B": "僅①①①①", "C": "僅①①①", "D": "僅①①①"}, "answer": "僅①①①①", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "使用傳統抗精神病藥物的個案若出現錐體外症候群（extrapyramidal syndrome）的副作用時，下列處理何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "降低傳統抗精神病藥物的劑量", "B": "併用鋰鹽（lithium）來降低錐體外症候群", "C": "併用抗膽鹼性藥物（anticholinergics）", "D": "考慮換成新一代的抗精神病藥物"}, "answer": "併用鋰鹽（lithium）來降低錐體外症候群", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "幼兒罹患「先天性鼻淚管阻塞」的原因及處理原則，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此病是由於鼻淚管的末端薄膜（valve of Hasner）未完全打開", "B": "六個月以內的幼兒，可施以局部按摩合併點抗生素眼藥水", "C": "十二個月以內的幼兒，可施以淚囊鼻腔吻合術來治療", "D": "在保守療法治療一段時間後仍無法成功的患者，可施以淚囊灌洗術及探針術"}, "answer": "十二個月以內的幼兒，可施以淚囊鼻腔吻合術來治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，上述病人若術前懷疑髓質癌（Medullary cancer）淋巴未轉移，最好之手術方法是：", "options": {"A": "雙側甲狀腺全切除術及中央淋巴廓清術（total thyroidectomy＋central lymph node dissection）", "B": "雙側甲狀腺全切除術及雙側廣泛性頸淋巴廓清術（total thyroidectomy＋bilateral radical neck dissection）", "C": "甲狀腺次全切術（subtotal thyroidectomy）", "D": "患側甲狀腺全葉切除術（one side lobectomy）"}, "answer": "雙側甲狀腺全切除術及中央淋巴廓清術（total thyroidectomy＋central lymph node dissection）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是頸動脈海綿竇管（Carotid-cavernous fistula）的典型徵候？", "options": {"A": "眼壓降低", "B": "結膜血管曲張", "C": "眼球內陷", "D": "水晶體混濁"}, "answer": "結膜血管曲張", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲有肝硬化病史的老先生，近幾週因生蠔盛產，自己剝生蠔來吃，到急診時，主訴發燒已兩天，今天皮膚出現下圖之水泡，到急診時血壓 90/50 mmHg，老先生最可能感染的病原菌為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Staphylococcus aureus", "B": "Vibrio vulnificus", "C": "group A streptococcus", "D": "Klebsiella pneumoniae"}, "answer": "Vibrio vulnificus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "輸卵管及副睪丸之 adenomatoid tumor 之細胞的來源是：", "options": {"A": "epithelial cell", "B": "squamous cell", "C": "mesothelial cell", "D": "endothelial cell"}, "answer": "mesothelial cell", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "32 35 歲 70 公斤男性被高壓電電傷，燒傷面積佔總體表面積 40%，以 Parkland Formula 來計算，傷後前 小時每小時應輸入體液多少 mL？", "options": {"A": "350", "B": "460", "C": "700", "D": "1050"}, "answer": "700", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種雷射適用於治療血管擴張？", "options": {"A": "染料雷射（Dye laser）", "B": "鉺雅鉻雷射（Er-YAG laser）", "C": "紅寶石雷射（Ruby laser）", "D": "銣雅鉻雷射（Nd-YAG laser）"}, "answer": "染料雷射（Dye laser）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關sevoflurane的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "遇到瓶子或麻醉機管路中的雜質會降解出HCl，也叫做路易士酸", "B": "需要特殊塑膠瓶來包裝", "C": "如果降解出酸性物質，則有可能灼傷病患的呼吸黏膜", "D": "通常製造的成品中會加一些水以防降解"}, "answer": "遇到瓶子或麻醉機管路中的雜質會降解出HCl，也叫做路易士酸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "人類免疫不全病毒（HIV）感染的孕婦服用合併抗反轉錄病毒治療，若偵測不到血漿HIV病毒量（＜20 copies/mL），則生下嬰兒感染HIV機會大約多少？", "options": {"A": "25%", "B": "15%", "C": "7%", "D": "＜1%"}, "answer": "＜1%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種惡性增生最不常見於兒童接受骨髓移植後的次發性惡性疾病（secondary malignancy）？", "options": {"A": "腦瘤（brain tumor） \t", "B": "甲狀腺瘤（thyroid tumor）", "C": "腎癌（renal cell cancer）", "D": "非何杰金氏淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin lymphoma）"}, "answer": "腎癌（renal cell cancer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關膽固醇合成之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "胰島素可刺激 HMG-CoA reductase \t", "B": "細胞內高濃膽固醇可以刺激膽固醇脂（cholesterol ester）的形成", "C": "從飲食中攝取的膽固醇是不會影響到肝細胞中膽固醇的合成", "D": "一些膽固醇的中間代謝產物會抑制 HMG-CoA reductase"}, "answer": "從飲食中攝取的膽固醇是不會影響到肝細胞中膽固醇的合成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "79.下列疾病中，何者致病機轉主要跟自體抗體（autoantibody）的產生有關？①尋常型天皰瘡（pemphigus  vulgaris） ②多發性結節性動脈炎（polyarteritis nodosa） ③惡性貧血（pernicious anemia）\n", "options": {"A": "①②③", "B": "僅①②", "C": "僅②③", "D": "僅①③"}, "answer": "僅①③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於腺病毒（adenovirus）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "為 DNA 病毒 \t", "B": "引起結膜炎（conjunctivitis）", "C": "可以潛伏於淋巴組織中", "D": "具有外套（envelope）"}, "answer": "具有外套（envelope）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "醫師為一位過重的糖尿病患開立 1500 Kcal 飲食，下列營養師所列之處方何者較接近？", "options": {"A": "210 公克碳水化合物、60 公克脂肪、100 公克蛋白質", "B": "190 公克碳水化合物、50 公克脂肪、75 公克蛋白質", "C": "250 公克碳水化合物、70 公克脂肪、90 公克蛋白質、6 公克 NaCl", "D": "300 公克碳水化合物、80 公克脂肪、75 公克蛋白質、8 公克綜合維他命丸"}, "answer": "190 公克碳水化合物、50 公克脂肪、75 公克蛋白質", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位64歲男性，突然發生右半身癱瘓，無法言語，意識不清，此CT影像是症狀發生後第7天所照，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "contusion hemorrhage", "B": "hypertensive hemorrhage", "C": "hemorrhagic infarction", "D": "hemorrhage due to bleeding tendency"}, "answer": "hemorrhagic infarction", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關主動脈閉鎖不全身體診察的敍述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可聽到 Austin Flint murmur", "B": "可聽到 mid-systolic murmur", "C": "可聽到 decrescendo diastolic murmur", "D": "聽診主動脈閉鎖不全的心雜音，請病人左側臥姿（left decubitus position）最清楚"}, "answer": "聽診主動脈閉鎖不全的心雜音，請病人左側臥姿（left decubitus position）最清楚", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關潛在性器官捐贈者（potential donor）的照顧之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "平均動脈血壓（mean arterial blood pressure）須大於 60 mmHg", "B": "每小時尿量最好大於 1.0 mL/kg", "C": "尿崩症（diabetes insipidus）並不常見，故尿量變多時，只須減少給予的水分即可", "D": "高血鈉症是常見的電解質不平衡"}, "answer": "尿崩症（diabetes insipidus）並不常見，故尿量變多時，只須減少給予的水分即可", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "王先生因為急性胰臟炎入院，下列何者最不像是他該有的症狀或檢查結果？", "options": {"A": "腹痛位於上腹並且輻射到背部", "B": "持續性嘔吐", "C": "血鈣上升", "D": "發燒"}, "answer": "血鈣上升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關慢性發炎性脫髓鞘型多發性神經病變（chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy）之陳述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "慢慢出現 \t \t", "B": "可以逐漸（progressive）也可以階梯式（step-wise）進行", "C": "早期可以有不對稱性", "D": "類固醇（prednisolone）治療常無效"}, "answer": "類固醇（prednisolone）治療常無效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於Q熱（Q fever）致病菌之相改變（phase transition）現象的敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "相改變是因為此菌的鞭毛（flagellum）基因發生突變所造成", "B": "當此菌處於第一相（phase I）時，其細胞壁（cell wall）不含O抗原醣（O-antigen sugars）", "C": "當此菌處於第二相（phase II）時，能抑制吞噬體（phagosome）與溶小體（lysosome）的融合", "D": "急性期時，病人體內產生的IgM及IgG抗體主要是對抗第二相的抗原"}, "answer": "急性期時，病人體內產生的IgM及IgG抗體主要是對抗第二相的抗原", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種血管炎，c-ANCA（c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies）呈陽性的比例最高？", "options": {"A": "microscopic polyangiitis", "B": "Wegener granulomatosis", "C": "Henoch-Schönlein purpura", "D": "Churg-Strauss syndrome"}, "answer": "Wegener granulomatosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關脊髓白質（white matter）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "前外側系統（anterolateral system）傳遞痛、溫和粗觸覺", "B": "腹側皮質脊髓徑（ventral corticospinal tract）為已交叉的神經纖維", "C": "薄束（fasciculus gracilis）存在於前索（anterior funiculus）中", "D": "楔狀束（fasciculus cuneatus）存在於全段脊髓白質"}, "answer": "前外側系統（anterolateral system）傳遞痛、溫和粗觸覺", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "發生賈克森氏癲癇（jacksonian seizure），最可能的病灶位在何處？", "options": {"A": "顳葉", "B": "枕葉", "C": "額葉", "D": "頂葉"}, "answer": "額葉", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 52 歲男性病患因為車禍大量出血，有關此時的生理現象之描述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "會刺激副交感神經系統導致心跳加速", "B": "心輸出量（cardiac output）會下降", "C": "四肢會冰冷同時冒冷汗", "D": "回到右心房之體靜脈血量會降低"}, "answer": "會刺激副交感神經系統導致心跳加速", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 80 歲男性，1 週來在臉部、四肢末端長出如圖所示的暗褐色斑、水、合併糜爛。患者發疹前幾天曾服用過磺胺類（sulphonamide）藥物，幾年前也曾在服用類似藥物後在身體同樣的部位也會發出類似的疹子。最可能診斷為：", "options": {"A": "多形性紅斑（erythema multiforme）", "B": "麻疹樣藥物疹（morbilliform drug eruption）", "C": "固定性藥物疹（fixed drug eruption）", "D": "單純性疹（herpes simplex）"}, "answer": "固定性藥物疹（fixed drug eruption）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關直腸癌的術前放射線治療之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可以增加 Resectability rate", "B": "可以減少術中之 Tumor seeding", "C": "可增加保留肛門的機會", "D": "無法減輕對小腸之傷害"}, "answer": "無法減輕對小腸之傷害", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "上斜肌（superior oblique muscle）本身的作用，並不會使眼球做下列何種運動？", "options": {"A": "看下（depression）", "B": "內旋（intorsion）", "C": "內轉（adduction）", "D": "外轉（abduction）"}, "answer": "內轉（adduction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腹膜覆蓋下腹壁動脈（inferior epigastric artery）會形成下列何結構？", "options": {"A": "臍正中襞（median umbilical fold）", "B": "臍內側襞（medial umbilical fold）", "C": "臍外側襞（lateral umbilical fold）", "D": "臍旁襞（paraumbilical fold）"}, "answer": "臍外側襞（lateral umbilical fold）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "41.胎心無壓力試\t（non-stress test）20分鐘檢查結果，有二次胎心加速大於基線胎心搏（baseline）15 bpm （beat per minute）以上，且持續15秒以上，可以判讀為： \n", "options": {"A": "正常反應（reactive）", "B": "不正常反應（nonreactive）", "C": "爭議性（equivocal）", "D": "無法判讀（unsatisfactory）"}, "answer": "正常反應（reactive）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "心尖相對於第幾個肋間？", "options": {"A": "三", "B": "五", "C": "七", "D": "九"}, "answer": "五", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "71.78歲陳先生由親人陪同就診，主訴最近一週有尿失禁及倦怠無力。病人長期失眠，經常服用安眠藥。最近失眠加重，增加劑量仍未見效，而且血壓也上升。病人又自行購買高血壓藥物服用。身體檢查病人生命徵象穩 定，意識清楚，行動正常且無局部神經異常症狀。對該病人的處置方式，下列何者最為適當？\n", "options": {"A": "安排病人入住護理之家接受照顧", "B": "轉介精神神經專科檢查及調整安眠藥", "C": "作老人周全性評估", "D": "即刻安排病人住院治療"}, "answer": "作老人周全性評估", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種情形，可以不用得到病人的告知後同意？", "options": {"A": "開立我國行政院衛生署已經核准上市的處方藥物給一個非仿單所載適應症的病人，因為國外最知名的期刊剛剛才登載了這種標籤外使用對這類病人有非常好的療效", "B": "在病人例行回診驗血時，順便多抽 5 ml 的血，來作一項國科會所贊助的研究計畫", "C": "病人在診間似乎語多保留，調閱該病人五年前在本院由 A 醫師主治時的住院病歷，看是否曾經罹患性病，以確認本次處方藥物的正確性", "D": "為了保護新生兒免於垂直感染，在產婦例行產檢時，作 AIDS 的篩檢"}, "answer": "病人在診間似乎語多保留，調閱該病人五年前在本院由 A 醫師主治時的住院病歷，看是否曾經罹患性病，以確認本次處方藥物的正確性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下表為三種不同雙螺旋 DNA 結構（A form; B form; Z form）的特性，請指出代號 W、X、Y 的結構型式（structural form）名稱：", "options": {"A": "W = Z form DNA; X = A form DNA; Y = B form DNA \t", "B": "W = Z form DNA; X = B form DNA; Y = A form DNA", "C": "W = A form DNA; X = Z form DNA; Y = B form DNA", "D": "W = A form DNA; X = B form DNA; Y = Z form DNA"}, "answer": "W = Z form DNA; X = A form DNA; Y = B form DNA \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "粒線體疾病（mitochondrial disease）的遺傳是：", "options": {"A": "父系遺傳 \t", "B": "母系遺傳", "C": "孟德爾定律 \t", "D": "無定律可循"}, "answer": "母系遺傳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關眼部病變之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "突眼症（Exorbitism）是眼窩體積減少（Decreased bony orbital volume）造成", "B": "葛雷氏症（Graves' disease）是突眼症最常見的原因", "C": "赫特氏眼外測量計（Hertel exophthalmometer）是用來量側眼緣（Lateral orbital rim）到角膜頂端（Corneal apex）的距離", "D": "外科治療外傷後眼球內陷（Post-traumatic enophthalmos）並不能完全解決複視（Diplopia）的問題"}, "answer": "葛雷氏症（Graves' disease）是突眼症最常見的原因", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者在下視丘分泌減少時會引起泌乳激素（prolactin）分泌增加？", "options": {"A": "乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）", "B": "腎上腺素（epinephrine）", "C": "多巴胺（dopamine）", "D": "血清素（serotonin）"}, "answer": "多巴胺（dopamine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "傷寒沙門氏菌（Salmonella typhi）菌體的何種成分可以作為疫苗抗原，以產生保護性免疫力？", "options": {"A": "鞭毛蛋白（flagellin）", "B": "莢膜多糖體（capsular polysaccharides）", "C": "菌毛蛋白（pilin） \t", "D": "脂多糖體（lipopolysaccharides）"}, "answer": "莢膜多糖體（capsular polysaccharides）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Stridor 最常見於下列何種患者？", "options": {"A": "氣喘症", "B": "慢性阻塞性肺疾", "C": "上呼吸道阻塞", "D": "肺結核"}, "answer": "上呼吸道阻塞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "想了解台灣地區有多少比率的小朋友最近幾年曾經被腸病毒感染過，應該檢查：", "options": {"A": "血清中的病毒培養（virus culture）", "B": "血清中的病毒抗原濃度", "C": "血清中的抗體力價（titer）", "D": "血清中具有特異性的聚合鏈反應（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）"}, "answer": "血清中的抗體力價（titer）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有位曾患腎盂腎炎的孕婦，因細菌引起嚴重上呼吸道感染，下列何者為治療該孕婦的首選藥物？", "options": {"A": "Clarithromycin", "B": "Erythromycin", "C": "Azithromycin", "D": "Tetracycline"}, "answer": "Azithromycin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "王老先生於 2 年前因罹患中風後即長期臥床，近日家屬發現其臀部有一個 4 公分傷口，經整形外科醫師診斷為褥瘡，建議手術治療；術中發現傷口壞死範圍深及骨頭，則此褥瘡的深度分級為何？最好的重建方法是清創（debridement）後再作何種處置？", "options": {"A": "Grade III；換藥即可（dressing change）", "B": "Grade III；植皮（skin grafting）", "C": "Grade IV；顯微皮瓣重建術（microsurgical free flap reconstruction）", "D": "Grade IV；局部臀大肌皮瓣重建術（local gluteal maximus flap reconstruction）"}, "answer": "Grade IV；局部臀大肌皮瓣重建術（local gluteal maximus flap reconstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "尿路感染最常見的菌種是下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Klebsiella spp.", "B": "Proteus spp.", "C": "E. Coli", "D": "Enterobacter spp."}, "answer": "E. Coli", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物口服可治療鐵中毒？", "options": {"A": "deferoxamine", "B": "deferasirox", "C": "D-dimethylcysteine", "D": "Prussian blue"}, "answer": "deferasirox", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是上皮性卵巢癌？", "options": {"A": "Mucinous adenocarcinoma", "B": "Serous adenocarcinoma", "C": "Endometrioid adenocarcinoma", "D": "Granulosa cell tumor"}, "answer": "Granulosa cell tumor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下咽癌病患接受根除性手術治療後，下列何者不是常使用之音聲復健方式？", "options": {"A": "氣動式人造喉（pneumatic artificial larynges）", "B": "食道語（esophageal voice）", "C": "腹語（abdominal voice）", "D": "氣管食道語（tracheo-esophageal speech）"}, "answer": "腹語（abdominal voice）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關一氧化氮（nitric oxide）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是化學性（chemical）傳遞物質（messenger）可活化 adenylate cyclase", "B": "由 L-arginine 與氧分子作用形成", "C": "可導致血管壁收縮（constriction of blood vessels）", "D": "是極安定之氣體分子"}, "answer": "由 L-arginine 與氧分子作用形成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "78.65歲男性長期有高血壓，持續用藥控制中，幾天前門診醫師幫他換藥，這幾天就常感覺腹脹，而且 有便秘現象，病人最可能用了下列何種藥？\n", "options": {"A": "Valsartan", "B": "Renitec", "C": "Labetalol", "D": "Amlodipine"}, "answer": "Amlodipine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "尿路結石的發生和下列何種狀況較少有關連？", "options": {"A": "腎移植", "B": "懷孕", "C": "肥胖", "D": "馬蹄腎"}, "answer": "腎移植", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關體內鈣質的描述何者錯誤?", "options": {"A": "骨骼系統儲存體內99%的鈣，血鈣則佔略少於1%", "B": "鈣質的來源主要為飲食攝取，大多於十二指腸（duodenum）及空腸（jejunum）吸收", "C": "98%的鈣會被腎臟再吸收，主要是在遠端腎小管 \t", "D": "1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D可增加腸道的鈣結合蛋白（calcium binding protein）來增進鈣質吸收"}, "answer": "98%的鈣會被腎臟再吸收，主要是在遠端腎小管 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "李小姐，50歲已婚的臺灣人，體重96公斤，目前還有性生活。在三年前時，因為有子宮肌瘤而接受經腹部全子宮切除術（total abdominal hysterectomy）。她沒有抽煙，在某一所護理之家當護理助手，並且此份工作和提重物有關。她本身因為有氣喘（asthma）的病史而有慢性咳嗽（chronic cough）。她目前有兩位小孩，年紀為20及23歲，兩位都是經由陰道生產，其中出生體重最重的為4.0公斤。最近10個月來，她感覺到腹部有下墜感以及頭痛的症狀，當她站立整天，下墜感越大，她也抱怨尿的流量不好以及感覺膀胱無法完全排空，而她自述並沒有小便失禁或是腸道症狀。下列關於造成她形成陰道脫垂（prolapse）的危險因子，何者最不相關？", "options": {"A": "經陰道生產的過大胎兒", "B": "肥胖", "C": "曾經接受子宮切除", "D": "目前還有性生活"}, "answer": "目前還有性生活", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "正常情況下，心臟後方大都由下列何者構成？", "options": {"A": "右心室（right ventricle）", "B": "左心室（left ventricle）", "C": "右心房（right atrium）", "D": "左心房（left atrium）"}, "answer": "左心房（left atrium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於人類免疫缺陷病毒（Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）致病機轉之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可造成巨噬細胞（macrophage）功能變差", "B": "會引起CD4 T淋巴球（lymphocyte）減少", "C": "感染B淋巴球，造成免疫功能下降", "D": "CD8 T淋巴球/CD4 T淋巴球比例上升"}, "answer": "感染B淋巴球，造成免疫功能下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "31.\n 一位62歲女性於50歲時停經，這一年多來常有頻尿、夜尿、尿急及急迫性尿失禁之情形，因此造成日常生活困擾而就醫。理學檢查發現有第三度膀胱脫垂之現象，尿液分析無菌尿、血尿或尿路感染之情形。解尿日記發現白天解尿次數超過八次以上，晚上夜尿（nocturia）情\n 形超過3至5次以上。尿路動力學檢查於膀胱灌注期發現如下圖之情形，其初次解尿感覺\n （first desire to void）之容積為116 c.c.、膀胱最大容積（maximum bladder capacity）為\n c.c.。據此尿動力學之發現，此患者最適合之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "逼尿肌不穩定（detrusor instability）", "B": "間質性膀胱炎（interstitial cystitis）", "C": "尿道症候群（urethral syndrome） \t", "D": "尿動力學應力性尿失禁（urodynamic stress incontinence）"}, "answer": "逼尿肌不穩定（detrusor instability）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 68 歲男性COPD病患，去年已有兩次因為acute exacerbation住院放置氣管內管使用呼吸器治療。最近一星期明顯咳嗽加劇，痰量增加，顏色變黃，伴有輕微發燒及嚴重呼吸困難，急診室的血液檢查呈現輕度leukocytosis，動脈血檢查PaO2 = 58 mmHg，PaCO2 = 68 mmHg，胸部X光片並未出現新的浸潤。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "應該給予 empirical intravenous antibiotics 治療，antibiotics 應該要能 cover Gram(-) bacilli", "B": "應該給予oxygen，並且儘量維持PaO2在 90 mmHg，以避免加重heart failure", "C": "應該要小心排除合併 left side heart failure 的情形，必要時要安排 echocardiography", "D": "病人穩定後出院給予口服 prednisolone，會減少 relapse rate"}, "answer": "應該給予oxygen，並且儘量維持PaO2在 90 mmHg，以避免加重heart failure", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是食物引起的肉毒桿菌毒素中毒（food-born botulism）的症狀？", "options": {"A": "瞳孔放大（pupil dilatation）", "B": "吞嚥困難（dysphagia）", "C": "構音障礙（dysarthria）", "D": "角弓反張（opisthotonus）"}, "answer": "角弓反張（opisthotonus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "注意力缺失過動症（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder）所使用之治療藥物中，下列何者不是中樞神經刺激劑？", "options": {"A": "methylphenidate", "B": "dextroamphetamine", "C": "dexmethylphenidate", "D": "Wellbutrin"}, "answer": "Wellbutrin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有一肺腫瘤病人，併有腹部絞痛、腹瀉、氣管痙攣及皮膚潮紅，其組織診斷最有可能是：", "options": {"A": "支氣管類癌（bronchial carcinoid）", "B": "乳癌肺轉移（metastatic breast cancer）", "C": "肺非小細胞癌（non-small cell lung carcinoma）", "D": "大腸癌肺轉移（metastatic colon cancer）"}, "answer": "支氣管類癌（bronchial carcinoid）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "48 歲女性因倦怠、膚色變黑來診。病人主訴食慾不振，3 個月來已減輕 4 公斤。病人年輕時曾患甲狀腺機能亢進症，接受 131I 治療，現已甲狀腺機能低下，規則服用甲狀腺素。抽血檢查：Na+ 125 mmol/L， K+ 5.0 mmol/L，Ca2+ 2.7 mmol/L，Hb 10.5 g/dL，WBC 8000/mm3。請問下一步最有診斷價值的檢查是：", "options": {"A": "free T4，hsTSH", "B": "anti-dsDNA，ANA", "C": "ACTH，cortisol", "D": "PET（正子掃描）"}, "answer": "ACTH，cortisol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "醣蛋白（N-linked glycoprotein）的生成中，攜帶寡醣（oligosaccharide moiety）的分子為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "isoprene \t", "B": "dolichol phosphate \t", "C": "Coenzyme A \t", "D": "thiamine pyrophosphate"}, "answer": "dolichol phosphate \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "具有前期B細胞抗原接受器（pre-B cell receptor）之B型細胞具有下列那一項生物特性？", "options": {"A": "輕鏈基因重組（light chain gene rearrangement）", "B": "細胞表面具IgM分子", "C": "快速細胞分裂", "D": "接受專一性抗原刺激"}, "answer": "快速細胞分裂", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "10.8歲氣喘男童，最近3個月內，於白天出現氣喘症狀的次數平均一星期少於1次，一個月內半夜因咳嗽而醒來也少於2次，其", "options": {"A": "吸入型短效支氣管擴張劑（inhaled short-acting β2 agonist）", "B": "吸入型長效支氣管擴張劑（inhaled long-acting β2 agonist）", "C": "吸入型類固醇（inhaled corticosteroid）", "D": "吸入型類固醇倂用口服白三烯素受體結抗劑（inhaled corticosteroid + oral leukotriene receptor antagonist）"}, "answer": "吸入型短效支氣管擴張劑（inhaled short-acting β2 agonist）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "翼腭窩（pterygopalatine fossa）與其周邊之連通經由：", "options": {"A": "上頜孔（maxillay foramen）進入硬腭黏膜", "B": "翼管（pterygoid canal）接受交感神經節前纖維", "C": "圓孔（foramen rotundum）接受第五顱神經之第二支", "D": "翼腭孔（pterygopalatine foramen）進入鼻腔"}, "answer": "圓孔（foramen rotundum）接受第五顱神經之第二支", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "具有毒性的有機危害性物質大部分可在燃燒過程中分解或減量，但也有在燃燒過程中產生新的有害物質，其中最引人注意的就是毒性高，具致癌作用，在環境中可持久不易分解的焚化後新生物是：", "options": {"A": "多氯聯苯（polychlorinated biphenyls）", "B": "多氯戴奧辛（polychlorinated dioxins）", "C": "滴滴涕（dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane, DDT）", "D": "氯仿（chloroform）"}, "answer": "多氯戴奧辛（polychlorinated dioxins）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一條肌肉不是由正中神經（median nerve）所支配？", "options": {"A": "橈側屈腕肌（Flexor carpi radialis）", "B": "掌長肌（Palmaris longus）", "C": "屈拇長肌（Flexor pollicis longus）", "D": "尺側屈腕肌（Flexor carpi ulnaris）"}, "answer": "尺側屈腕肌（Flexor carpi ulnaris）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "以下何者不屬於構成鼻中隔的部分？", "options": {"A": "中隔軟骨", "B": "鼻骨", "C": "犁骨", "D": "垂直板"}, "answer": "鼻骨", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個曾經被流感病毒感染過的人，其體內最具中和性保護力的抗體，應具有辨識那一種病毒蛋白質的能力？", "options": {"A": "血球凝集素（hemagglutinin, HA）", "B": "基質（matrix, M）蛋白", "C": "核套蛋白（nucleocapsid, NP）", "D": "非結構（nonstructural, NS）蛋白"}, "answer": "血球凝集素（hemagglutinin, HA）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關使用經心肌雷射血管再造術（Transmyocardial laser revascularization）治療無法以傳統冠狀動脈繞道手術治療的末期冠狀動脈疾病病人之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "6 個月後之追踪，約有 60~80%病人症狀有改善", "B": "其作用機轉可能和心臟神經被去除作用（Cardiac denervation）有關", "C": "其作用機轉可能是心肌局部血管新生（Local neovascularization）有關", "D": "其作用機轉，乃經由心肌打洞，使帶氧血能直接由左心室流入心肌，供應氧氣及養份"}, "answer": "其作用機轉，乃經由心肌打洞，使帶氧血能直接由左心室流入心肌，供應氧氣及養份", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關痘病毒（Poxvirus）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "是最大的人類DNA病毒", "B": "完全在細胞質中複製", "C": "自己攜帶核醣核酸聚合酶（RNA polymerase），供基因轉錄", "D": "動物的痘病毒不會傳給人"}, "answer": "動物的痘病毒不會傳給人", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，病患尋求另類醫學治療，約三個月後雙腿幾乎癱瘓，故又來接受外科治療，經手術將脊椎前後的腫瘤切除，並植入自體骨移植，再用鈦合金屬內固定，病理報告是 aneurysmal bone cyst，病理組織是：", "options": {"A": "良性（benign） \t", "B": "低度惡性（low malignancy）", "C": "高度惡性（high malignancy）", "D": "非典型骨瘤（atypical bone tumor）"}, "answer": "良性（benign） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲男性晚餐後酒後駕車，發生車禍被送入急診室，診斷腹腔內出血，需緊急進行剖腹探查手術。車禍後二小時，病患送入手術室，此時血壓為 80/46 mmHg，心跳每分鐘 120 下。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "麻醉誘導時，應進行 rapid sequence induction \t", "B": "麻醉誘導時應持續壓住 thyroid cartilage，直到氣管內管的氣囊充完氣，以防止胃內容物吐出", "C": "可考慮使用 ketamine 做為 induction agent，以防止血壓再下降", "D": "麻醉誘導前，必須做足夠時間的 preoxygenation"}, "answer": "麻醉誘導時應持續壓住 thyroid cartilage，直到氣管內管的氣囊充完氣，以防止胃內容物吐出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關骨盆橫膈（pelvic diaphragm）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "外形呈現漏斗狀", "B": "位於會陰（perineum）的頂部", "C": "由提肛肌（levator ani muscle）和尾骨肌（coccygeus）及其筋膜組成", "D": "排便時其肌肉收縮，幫助排出糞便"}, "answer": "排便時其肌肉收縮，幫助排出糞便", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "常有癌症患者家屬不願病人知道病情，要求醫師不要告訴病人，但基於「尊重自主」的原則醫師卻應該告知病人真相，因而產生進退兩難的困境。這種臨床上常見的倫理兩難，通常經由下列何種方法或步驟，可以獲得妥善解決？", "options": {"A": "醫療法律", "B": "道德良知", "C": "溝通技巧", "D": "衛生教育"}, "answer": "溝通技巧", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "66 歲男性，已知高血壓多年但未控制，突發頭痛、意識不清與癲癇，至急診時血壓為 240/130 mmHg，神經學檢查意識混沌，但無局部肢體無力現象，腦部磁振照影檢查最可能的發現為何？", "options": {"A": "小腦（cerebellum）出血", "B": "視丘（thalamus）出血", "C": "大腦枕葉部（occipital lobe）水腫", "D": "中腦（midbrain）梗塞"}, "answer": "大腦枕葉部（occipital lobe）水腫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一新生兒出生後有嘔吐，嘔吐液為黃色。腹部 X 光顯示\"double-bubble sign＂，遠端腸道無腸氣。則下一步處置為何？", "options": {"A": "腹部超音波檢查是否有幽門肥厚情形", "B": "上消化道攝影，以確定阻塞位置及程度", "C": "下消化道攝影，看是否有 microcolon", "D": "安排開腹手術"}, "answer": "腹部超音波檢查是否有幽門肥厚情形", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "鈉離子（Na）以不同濃度分布於細胞膜兩側，此時驅使鈉離子依單純擴散（simple diffusion）作用由高濃度之一側向低濃度之一側移動之能量梯度是屬於一種：", "options": {"A": "熱能（thermal energy）", "B": "化學能（chemical potential energy）", "C": "電位能（electrical potential energy）", "D": "機械能（mechanical energy）"}, "answer": "化學能（chemical potential energy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "58歲婦女，停經2年，無婦科開刀病史，無熱潮紅，心悸症狀，但會有陰部乾澀，性交疼痛的困擾，其最適當的治療為：", "options": {"A": "口服大豆異黃酮", "B": "口服雌激素與黃體素", "C": "口服雌激素", "D": "陰部雌激素局部使用"}, "answer": "陰部雌激素局部使用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一般細菌中能產生芽胞的桿菌，革蘭氏染色結果為：", "options": {"A": "紅色", "B": "綠色", "C": "深紫色", "D": "黃色"}, "answer": "深紫色", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關 Fluconazole，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "有效治療 Aspergillosis", "B": "抑制 lanosterol 的去甲基化", "C": "無法通過腦部血管 \t", "D": "易誘發肝臟藥物代謝酵素的合成"}, "answer": "抑制 lanosterol 的去甲基化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在手腕處，正中神經（median nerve）位於下列何者肌腱的深層？", "options": {"A": "掌長肌（palmaris longus）", "B": "橈側屈腕肌（flexor carpi radialis）", "C": "尺側屈腕肌（flexor carpi ulnaris）", "D": "屈指淺肌（flexor digitorum superficialis） 15 下列何者不支配肘關節（elbow joint）的運動？"}, "answer": "尺側屈腕肌（flexor carpi ulnaris）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "自從SARS之後，醫護人員的職業性感染問題受到很大的關注。請依院內感染控制的觀念，對於職業性肺結核的認定，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "員工就職時的肺部X光檢查是職業性肺結核認定的重要比較資料之一", "B": "由於肺結核也屬於法定傳染病，因此依據勞工保險條例，不得同時加以認定為職業病，因此也得不到勞保給付", "C": "由於患者四處走動，醫院中各部門員工感染肺結核的危險性皆相同", "D": "醫護人員得到肺結核都是職業病"}, "answer": "員工就職時的肺部X光檢查是職業性肺結核認定的重要比較資料之一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "16.25歲男性病人因騎機車車禍而顏面部受傷，主要症狀為右側鼻翼撕裂傷（avulsion injury）、流鼻血 （epistaxis）和腫痛，送至急診室，下列敘述何者錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "要高度懷疑可能有鼻骨骨折的發生，可安排X-ray檢查", "B": "經會診耳鼻喉科醫師，發現右側鼻中膈有血腫情形（septal hematoma），應保守治療，待其自行吸收", "C": "鼻部主要組成可分為皮膚覆蓋（skin cover）、結構支撐（structural support）及黏膜內襯（mucosal lining），治療時可以根據缺損的範圍，做不同的重建考量", "D": "鼻唇皮瓣（nasolabial flaps）和前額旁正中皮瓣（paramedian forehead flaps）為鼻部重建時，最常用的兩種局部皮瓣"}, "answer": "經會診耳鼻喉科醫師，發現右側鼻中膈有血腫情形（septal hematoma），應保守治療，待其自行吸收", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "3 歲小孩在定期健康檢查時，聽到心雜音，強度 II/VI，位於胸骨緣左側中間之短暫收縮期雜音。該雜音並未輻射至頸部，沒有震顫（thrill），小孩過去無重大病史，身高及體重在五十百分位，生長發育正常，血壓 90/70 mmHg。脈搏 84 次/分，且規律，其它理學檢查均正常。接下來該如何處置？", "options": {"A": "立即照會小兒心臟科醫師", "B": "不要告訴小孩的母親有關心雜音的事，以免引起緊張", "C": "告訴小孩的母親，這種心雜音在小孩很常見，定期觀察追蹤即可", "D": "告訴小孩的母親，所有的心雜音都必須進一步做心臟超音波檢查"}, "answer": "告訴小孩的母親，這種心雜音在小孩很常見，定期觀察追蹤即可", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "14.28歲婦女產下健康男嬰2個月後，因體重增加、倦怠、怕冷、便秘來就診，目前仍哺乳中。病人自訴產前體檢皆為正常，但產後感覺力不從心，身體檢查除臉部圓大、皮膚略微乾燥外並無特殊發現。血壓150/100 mmHg mmHg），脈搏60/min 規則，抽血檢查Na：132 mM，K：3.5 mM，Ca：2.3 mM。下列那項檢查最具診斷價值：", "options": {"A": "ACTH，cortisol", "B": "Blood glucose", "C": "freeT4，hsTSH", "D": "憂鬱量表"}, "answer": "freeT4，hsTSH", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "人類免疫缺乏病毒（HIV）經由 CD4 分子進入白血球時，經常利用下列何者當作共同接受體？", "options": {"A": "CD40", "B": "CD40 ligand", "C": "CXCR4", "D": "CCR4"}, "answer": "CXCR4", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "B細胞發育過程中第一個表現之抗體蛋白是：", "options": {"A": "δ重鏈（δ heavy chain）", "B": "µ重鏈（µ heavy chain）", "C": "κ輕鏈（κ light chain）", "D": "λ輕鏈（λ light chain）"}, "answer": "µ重鏈（µ heavy chain）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一個小於 1 公分的 colorectal tubular adenoma，其 risk of cancer 約有多少？", "options": {"A": "絕對不可能有 cancer \t", "B": "<5%", "C": "5-10% \t", "D": "10-20%"}, "answer": "<5%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "凝血蛋白之麩胺酸基之γ-羧化（γ-carboxylation）修飾，需要何種維生素參與？", "options": {"A": "Vitamin A", "B": "Vitamin D", "C": "Vitamin E", "D": "Vitamin K"}, "answer": "Vitamin K", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者連接股骨與髖臼窩？", "options": {"A": "內收長肌（adductor longus）", "B": "內收短肌（adductor brevis）", "C": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "D": "恥骨肌（pectineus）"}, "answer": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "最常用來重建下頷骨的骨皮瓣包括腓骨（fibula）、髂骨（iliac）、肩胛骨（scapula），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腓骨皮瓣（fibula osteocutaneous flap）由腓動脈（peroneal artery）供應血流，對皮瓣提供處的後遺症最小", "B": "髂骨皮瓣（iliac osteocutaneous flap）對皮瓣提供處的後遺症最小，所能帶的血管根蒂（pedicle）較短", "C": "肩胛骨皮瓣（scapula osteocutaneous flap）由肩胛下動脈（subscapular artery）供應血流，可以連同周圍的骨頭、肌肉和皮膚一起取，形成複合式皮瓣", "D": "對良性的下頷骨缺損，腓骨皮瓣（fibula osteocutaneous flap）可以合併牙科植體手術（osseointegrated implantation for dentition or prosthetic anchors）"}, "answer": "髂骨皮瓣（iliac osteocutaneous flap）對皮瓣提供處的後遺症最小，所能帶的血管根蒂（pedicle）較短", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "肱骨外科頸（surgical neck of humerus）骨折，最可能傷及那⼀條神經？", "options": {"A": "肌⽪神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "B": "正中神經（median nerve）", "C": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）", "D": "腋神經（axillary nerve）"}, "answer": "腋神經（axillary nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "90 一名 61 歲男性病人主訴骨骼疼痛，並有腎衰竭及肺炎球菌感染導致之肺炎（Pneumococcal pneumonia）。 骨髓活檢切片中最可能並且最重要的發現為： \n", "options": {"A": "肉芽腫（Granuloma）", "B": "漿細胞（Plasma cell）之病變", "C": "淋巴球（Lymphocyte）之病變", "D": "立德-史登堡氏細胞（Reed-Sternberg cell）"}, "answer": "漿細胞（Plasma cell）之病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "抗利尿激素（anti-diuretic hormone）不適當分泌症候群（SIADH），會造成下列何種電解質異常？", "options": {"A": "高鈉血症", "B": "低鈉血症", "C": "高鉀血症", "D": "低鉀血症"}, "answer": "低鈉血症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "77.⼀位66歲糖尿病合併腎病變病⼈，有胸悶、咳嗽無痰、呼吸急促、意識昏睡，⽣命徵象顯⽰⾎壓 80/40 mmHg，⼼跳每分 40下，呼吸每分 26次，體溫36℃。經抽⾎檢查發現鉀離⼦7.7 mmol/L、⾎糖300  mg/dL、動脈⾎：pH=7.20，HCO3- =12 mEq/L，BE= -12 mEq/L。下列何者治療不適當？\n", "options": {"A": "經靜脈給予碳酸氫鈉，可將鉀離⼦由細胞外移入細胞內", "B": "經靜脈給予葡萄糖⽔及胰島素，可將鉀離⼦由細胞外移入細胞內", "C": "經靜脈快速灌注⽣理食鹽⽔1000 mL，治療低⾎壓及稀釋鉀離⼦", "D": "經靜脈給予氯化鈣，以拮抗鉀離⼦對⼼臟細胞膜電位的影響"}, "answer": "經靜脈快速灌注⽣理食鹽⽔1000 mL，治療低⾎壓及稀釋鉀離⼦", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一個臨床症狀與心電圖變化的配對是最相符合的？", "options": {"A": "第一級心阻斷（first-degree heart block）：QT 延長症候群（long QT syndrome）", "B": "普金杰系統阻斷（Purkinje system block）：延長的 QRS 綜合波", "C": "心肌鉀離子通道突變，功能降低：PR（或 PQ）間期異常的延長", "D": "左心室肥大或擴張：高而尖的T波"}, "answer": "普金杰系統阻斷（Purkinje system block）：延長的 QRS 綜合波", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關簡單型熱痙攣（simple febrile seizure）的描述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "常有家族病史", "B": "通常到成人階段仍會發生", "C": "腦波檢查常發現不正常", "D": "常伴隨腦部病變"}, "answer": "常有家族病史", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "莖突咽肌（stylopharyngeal muscle）由下列何者支配？", "options": {"A": "第九顱神經 \t", "B": "第七顱神經 \t", "C": "下頜神經（mandibular nerve）", "D": "交感神經（sympathetic nerve）"}, "answer": "第九顱神經 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者受損會影響肱骨（humerus）的內收（adduct）、內旋（medially rotate）及屈曲（flex）功能？", "options": {"A": "胸大肌（pectoralis major）", "B": "胸小肌（pectoralis minor）", "C": "鎖骨下肌（subclavius）", "D": "前鋸肌（serratus anterior）"}, "answer": "胸大肌（pectoralis major）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "7 歲男孩，三天前開始發高燒、倦怠，同時在臉部、軀幹及四肢出現網狀紅斑，臉部的病灶如圖所示，則男孩最可能之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "麻疹（measles） \t", "B": "川崎氏症（Kawasaki's disease）", "C": "猩紅熱（scarlet fever）", "D": "傳染性紅斑（erythema infectiosum）"}, "answer": "傳染性紅斑（erythema infectiosum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "70歲男性，機械性人工二尖瓣瓣膜置換手術後，術後三小時，胸腔引流管之流量逐漸減少，但是中心靜脈壓逐漸上升，尿量逐漸減少，心跳逐漸加快，動脈壓逐漸下降。此時要鑑別診斷是心包填塞（cardiac tamponade）或是術後心臟失能（myocardial dysfunction），最好的診斷工具為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "心臟超音波", "B": "胸部X光", "C": "胸動脈導管（swan ganz catheter）", "D": "動脈血氣體分析"}, "answer": "心臟超音波", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何症狀與 achalasia 無關？", "options": {"A": "胃酸逆流", "B": "吞嚥困難", "C": "體重減輕", "D": "吸入性肺炎"}, "answer": "胃酸逆流", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "反轉錄病毒嵌入宿主的染色體中，其基因上那一個片段具有啟動子（promoter）序列可以調控病毒的轉錄（transcription）？", "options": {"A": "LTR", "B": "gag", "C": "pol", "D": "env"}, "answer": "LTR", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關Meckel's diverticulum之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "通常是由vitelline duct退化而成", "B": "是造成小孩下消化道出血的原因之一", "C": "通常長在mesenteric border", "D": "掉入腹股溝疝氣袋內時，又稱為Littre's hernia"}, "answer": "通常長在mesenteric border", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "憂鬱症患者常見的快速動眼期睡眠（rapid eye movement sleep）之潛期（latency）變化為何？", "options": {"A": "不變", "B": "縮短", "C": "延長", "D": "不會出現潛期"}, "answer": "縮短", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "A 型主動脈剝離症，須緊急手術，手術死亡率相當高，最常見的死亡原因為：", "options": {"A": "心臟衰竭", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "血管吻合處出血不止", "D": "腦中風"}, "answer": "血管吻合處出血不止", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "陳先生，19 歲，最近到南美洲遊學兩星期，回國後出現類流感症狀，癒後仍出現關節痛達數十天之久。請問最可能感染下列何種病毒？", "options": {"A": "登革熱病毒（dengue virus）", "B": "塞姆利基森林病毒（Semliki Forest virus）", "C": "黃熱病毒（yellow fever virus）", "D": "基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus）"}, "answer": "基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者是掌控與維持姿勢相關的中軸肌肉（axial muscles）收縮的最主要運動路徑？", "options": {"A": "側皮質脊髓路徑（lateral corticospinal tract）", "B": "腹皮質脊髓路徑（ventral corticospinal tract）", "C": "網狀脊髓路徑（reticulospinal tract）", "D": "紅核脊髓路徑（rubrospinal tract）"}, "answer": "網狀脊髓路徑（reticulospinal tract）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "52 下列那些疾病發生呼吸衰竭時，會以高二氧化碳性（hypercarbic）而非低血氧性（hypoxemic）呼吸衰竭為主？①極重度慢性阻塞性肺病 ②肺炎併急性肺損傷 ③原發性肺纖維化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis） ④心臟衰竭併肺水腫 ⑤重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis） ⑥頸椎外傷 ", "options": {"A": "①③④", "B": "②③④", "C": "①⑤⑥", "D": "③⑤⑥"}, "answer": "①⑤⑥", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "蛋白質結構中的β-摺板（β-sheet）與α-螺旋（α-helix）在結構分類上屬於：", "options": {"A": "一級結構（primary structure）", "B": "二級結構（secondary structure）", "C": "三級結構（tertiary structure）", "D": "四級結構（quaternary structure）"}, "answer": "二級結構（secondary structure）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種檢查，最無法確定目前胃中有幽門桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）感染？", "options": {"A": "胃切片組織培養陽性", "B": "血中抗幽門桿菌抗體陽性", "C": "碳-13尿素吹氣檢查陽性", "D": "糞便幽門桿菌抗原檢\t陽性"}, "answer": "血中抗幽門桿菌抗體陽性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種抗癲癇藥物在達到其治療上需要之濃度（therapeutic concentration）後，在人體內之排除是屬於非線性排除（nonlinear elimination）？", "options": {"A": "Phenytoin \t", "B": "Carbamazepine", "C": "Valproate \t", "D": "Gabapentin"}, "answer": "Phenytoin \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "日本血吸蟲（Schistosoma japonicum）那一發育時期的蟲體會感染人？", "options": {"A": "蟲卵 \t", "B": "纖毛幼蟲（miracidium）", "C": "尾動幼蟲（cercaria）", "D": "囊狀幼蟲（metacercaria）"}, "answer": "尾動幼蟲（cercaria）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種藥物廣泛地使用於抑制細胞免疫的反應，也會抑制 prostaglandins 及 leukotrienes 的合成及促進 IgG 的合成作用？", "options": {"A": "Cyclosporine", "B": "Prednisone", "C": "Cyclophosphamide", "D": "Mercaptopurine"}, "answer": "Prednisone", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關如何培養嬰幼兒及兒童良好飲食習慣的敘述，何者最為適當？", "options": {"A": "2歲半到3歲之間為黃金訓練期", "B": "3歲後可以開始規定一些簡單的餐桌禮儀", "C": "2至4歲可以使用脫脂鮮奶", "D": "少喝含糖飲料，補充水分以稀釋果汁為宜"}, "answer": "3歲後可以開始規定一些簡單的餐桌禮儀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關 Arthus 反應的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "這種過敏免疫反應常是全身性反應 \t", "B": "抗體和補體系統活化都是重要的致病因子", "C": "嗜鹼性球（basophils）的活化是重要的致病因子", "D": "屬於第三型的過敏免疫（hypersensitivity）反應"}, "answer": "這種過敏免疫反應常是全身性反應 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "依據2005年Starfield等人的研究報告，美國地區每10,000人口多增加一位家庭醫師，對死亡人數的影響為何？", "options": {"A": "每100,000人口增加700人死亡", "B": "每100,000人口增加70人死亡", "C": "每100,000人口減少70人死亡", "D": "每100,000人口減少700人死亡"}, "answer": "每100,000人口減少70人死亡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在醫院工作時發現有不符合醫學倫理但不違法的事情，如果想採取行動，下列那一項最不適當？", "options": {"A": "提報到醫學倫理委員會討論", "B": "向上級報告", "C": "尋求同儕意見 \t", "D": "向檢察官告發"}, "answer": "向檢察官告發", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "人類是下列何種病毒中，最明確的天然宿主？", "options": {"A": "辛德畢斯病毒（Sindbis virus）", "B": "塞姆利基森林病毒（Semliki Forest virus）", "C": "西尼羅腦炎病毒（West Nile encephalitis virus）", "D": "基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus）"}, "answer": "基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "張先生目前 50 餘歲，最近出現多個關節腫脹、疼痛，主要在雙手近端指間關節、雙手腕關節、膝關節等，檢查結果為類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）。醫師表示目前張先生體內的類風濕性因子（rheumatoid factor）價數頗高，需積極治療。此因子是下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "細胞激素（cytokine）", "B": "自體抗體（autoantibody）", "C": "調節性T細胞（Treg細胞）產生之調控因子", "D": "補體複合體（complement complex）"}, "answer": "自體抗體（autoantibody）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "氣喘病人應避免使用 aspirin，是因為使用 aspirin 後下列何種物質產生可能增加，而易導致氣管收縮？", "options": {"A": "thromboxane \t", "B": "prostaglandin D2", "C": "leukotriene \t", "D": "PAF（platelet-activating factor）"}, "answer": "leukotriene \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者非目前國內所推動本土化家庭醫師制度的特色？", "options": {"A": "由基層醫師組織聯合門診", "B": "建置家庭檔案的資訊管理系統", "C": "合作醫院成立共同照護門診", "D": "提供 24 小時的諮詢服務專線"}, "answer": "由基層醫師組織聯合門診", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "65 歲男性病患，長期患有下足疼痛及腫脹，其足部之 X 光素片如圖，呈現軟組織腫大及鄰近骨骼變化，最可能的臨床診斷為？", "options": {"A": "退化性關節炎（degenerative arthritis）併發囊膜積水", "B": "感染性（infection）骨骼及軟組織病變", "C": "痛風關節炎（gouty arthritis）及痛風石沉澱（tophi）", "D": "外傷性之骨骼軟組織病變"}, "answer": "痛風關節炎（gouty arthritis）及痛風石沉澱（tophi）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "7.26歲女性病人，最近一週有多喝和多尿。體重50公斤，血液osmolality 290 mOsmol/kg H2O，Na 140 mmol/L，K 3.8  mmol/L。尿液osmolality 200 mOsmol/kg H2O，限水試\t2小時之體重47公斤，尿液osmolality 290 mOsmol/kg H2O，給予\n ADH（DDAVP）後2小時內最高的尿液osmolality 320 mOsmol/kg H2O。下列敘述何者最正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "最可能的診斷是原發性多飲症（primary polydipsia）", "B": "治療使用限水", "C": "治療使用thiazides", "D": "最可能的診斷是中樞型尿崩症（central diabetes insipidus）"}, "answer": "治療使用thiazides", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 60 歲先生騎車車禍受傷前額著地，送至急診室時仍可自行步行進入急診。雙手疼痛無力抬起，經雙手 X 光檢查後並無任何手部骨折情形。則這位先生最可能是何種脊椎損傷？", "options": {"A": "前脊髓症候群（anterior cord syndrome）", "B": "布朗塞卡氏症候群（Brown-Séquard syndrome）", "C": "中央脊髓症候群（central cord syndrome）", "D": "馬尾束症候群（cauda equina syndrome）"}, "answer": "中央脊髓症候群（central cord syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者屬耳蝸內淋巴液（endolymph）組成成分的特色，以便產生動作電位？", "options": {"A": "高鈉離子，高鉀離子", "B": "高鈉離子，低鉀離子", "C": "低鈉離子，高鉀離子", "D": "低鈉離子，低鉀離子"}, "answer": "低鈉離子，高鉀離子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，引發上述現象的解釋，有一種學說是有關左腎靜脈的胡桃鉗效應（nutcracker effect）；請問這個胡桃鉗指的是那兩條血管？", "options": {"A": "celiac trunk and aorta \t", "B": "superior mesenteric artery and aorta", "C": "inferior mesenteric artery and aorta", "D": "right renal artery and aorta"}, "answer": "superior mesenteric artery and aorta", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "某研究為分析降血壓藥的效果，採用病例對照設計（case-control study），欲分析病例對照兩組樣本服降血壓藥 3 個月前後測量之血壓值差異是否有明顯不同，研究者應該使用何種統計方法最合適？", "options": {"A": "配對 t 檢定（Paired t-test）", "B": "單一樣本 Z 檢定（One sample Z-test）", "C": "Pearson 卡方檢定（Pearson Chi-square test）", "D": "獨立樣本 t 檢定（Independent t-test）"}, "answer": "獨立樣本 t 檢定（Independent t-test）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一個8個月大的男童因第一次尿道感染住院，膀胱尿道攝影檢查（voiding cystourethrogram）顯示如附圖，你會如何給父母親建議？", "options": {"A": "接受外科手術治療", "B": "建議接受局部玻尿酸注射治療", "C": "建議使用抗生素預防感染", "D": "建議只要觀察有無復發性感染，暫不需任何治療"}, "answer": "建議使用抗生素預防感染", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是治療慢性淚囊炎（chronic dacryocystitis）的最佳方法？", "options": {"A": "淚囊切除 \t", "B": "淚囊切開排膿 \t", "C": "淚囊鼻腔吻合術 \t", "D": "結膜淚囊鼻腔吻合術"}, "answer": "淚囊鼻腔吻合術 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關兒童急性闌尾炎（appendicitis）的敘述，下列何者最恰當？", "options": {"A": "小於 2 歲其常見的症狀為腹痛、嘔吐、腹瀉、發燒", "B": "大於 2 歲其臨床表現與大人相似", "C": "白血球上升是診斷的重要指標", "D": "超音波檢查診斷率較電腦斷層高"}, "answer": "小於 2 歲其常見的症狀為腹痛、嘔吐、腹瀉、發燒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 19 歲少女，來門診求診，主訴下腹痛合併陰道點狀出血。她敘述 1 個禮拜前曾在家裡自行驗孕，驗孕試劑呈現陽性反應。醫師安排陰道超音波檢查並沒有發現子宮腔內的妊娠囊。抽血檢查血清 beta-hCG 數值為 1800 mIU/mL。相隔 4 天之後，再次檢查血清 beta-hCG 數值為 2100 mIU/mL。這位少女的臨床症狀及實驗室數據最符合下列那一個臨床診斷？", "options": {"A": "自然流產（spontaneous abortion）", "B": "多重懷孕（multiple gestation）", "C": "子宮外孕（ectopic pregnancy）", "D": "不完全流產（incomplete abortion）"}, "answer": "子宮外孕（ectopic pregnancy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "可以用手術矯正之男性不孕症病因最常見的（the most common correctable cause of male infertility）為何？", "options": {"A": "Varicocele", "B": "Testicular torsion", "C": "Testicular tumor", "D": "Hydrocele"}, "answer": "Varicocele", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "民國 94 年間國軍 A 上尉於軍事操練中意外死亡，其未婚妻要求婦產科醫師進行屍體取精以作人工生殖，在當時引起社會很大爭議，下列何者非為本案醫學倫理上的主要爭議？", "options": {"A": "死者意願的問題 \t", "B": "家屬權利的問題", "C": "未來兒女權利的問題", "D": "撫卹金公平分配的問題"}, "answer": "撫卹金公平分配的問題", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是給予全靜脈營養治療（Total Parenteral Nutrition）的併發症？", "options": {"A": "Non-essential fatty acid deficiency", "B": "Iron deficiency anemia", "C": "Hyperglycemia \t", "D": "Pancreatitis"}, "answer": "Non-essential fatty acid deficiency", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "陳姓老翁1個月前因為罹患胰臟癌末期而簽署了安寧緩和醫療意願書，希望病危的時候可以放棄急救。3天前，陳老先生出現發燒、頻尿的情況，而被送往醫院救治，經過醫師的診察確認陳老先生為尿路感染合併\t血症，陳老先生於住院中因為血壓不穩，經過輸液治療而導致肺水腫，醫師建議進行氣管插管併用呼吸器治療，以緩解其肺水腫。此時是否應同意陳老先生接受插管？", "options": {"A": "反對，因為陳老先生已經簽署了安寧緩和醫療意願書，不應該違反其意願而為其插管", "B": "反對，因為陳老先生為胰臟癌末期，不要再進行過於侵入性的治療，免得增加其痛苦", "C": "贊成，雖然陳老先生為胰臟癌末期，也簽署了安寧緩和醫療意願書，但本次住院的原因為  \t泌尿道感染合併\t血症，並非不可治癒的疾病，醫師應該為其插管治療 \t", "D": "贊成，雖然陳老先生為胰臟癌末期，也簽署了安寧緩和醫療意願書，但只要屬於病危的患者，均應該依醫師法定急救義務而加以急救"}, "answer": "贊成，雖然陳老先生為胰臟癌末期，也簽署了安寧緩和醫療意願書，但本次住院的原因為  \t泌尿道感染合併\t血症，並非不可治癒的疾病，醫師應該為其插管治療 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "化膿性肝膿瘍在臺灣地區，以下列何種致病菌為最常見？", "options": {"A": "Escherichia coli \t", "B": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "C": "Anaerobic bacteria \t", "D": "Streptococci"}, "answer": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關心臟血管系統的身體診查（physical examination），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "正常右內頸動脈的壓力應小於 12 cm H2O", "B": "第三心音可在正常兒童或年輕人聽到", "C": "第三心音與心室的血容量增加有關（volume overload）", "D": "第四心音與心室的順應性（compliance）下降有關"}, "answer": "正常右內頸動脈的壓力應小於 12 cm H2O", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "保險的基本原理有三個要件，下列何者不是要件之一？", "options": {"A": "危險共同分攤", "B": "大多數法則", "C": "供需平衡", "D": "避免引導道德危險"}, "answer": "供需平衡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位12歲女孩因身材矮小就診，父親身高160公分，母親身高152公分。去年曾發生一次全身性痙攣（generalized convulsion），身體檢查顯示身高133公分（低於第3百分位），體重47公斤（第 90百分位），圓臉、輕微智障，實驗室檢查顯示血清鈣值1.53 nmol/L，血清磷值6.4 mg/dL，血清鎂1.1 mmol/L，血清副甲狀腺素（intact PTH）值245 pg/mL（正常值12-72 pg/mL），此女童最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "hyperparathyroidism", "B": "hypoparathyroidism", "C": "pseudohypoparathyroidism", "D": "pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism"}, "answer": "pseudohypoparathyroidism", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關蛋白質激酶 C（protein kinase C）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "可在細胞膜上被二醯甘油（diacylglycerol）活化", "B": "可對二醯甘油進行磷酸化", "C": "可活化 p53 抑癌基因", "D": "可被 cylic AMP 活化"}, "answer": "可在細胞膜上被二醯甘油（diacylglycerol）活化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種人體寄生蟲感染需要全家集體投藥治療？", "options": {"A": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）", "B": "有鉤絛蟲（Taenia solium）", "C": "旋毛蟲（Trichinella spiralis）", "D": "中華肝吸蟲（Clonorchis sinensis）"}, "answer": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "復健病房值班時，有頸椎損傷患者，頭痛、冒汗、起雞皮疙瘩，下列處置何者最適當？", "options": {"A": "檢查喉嚨是否發紅，是否發燒，給予感冒、退燒藥", "B": "詢問是否有習慣性偏頭痛，給予止痛藥", "C": "檢查是否有膀胱過漲現象，必要時緊急導尿", "D": "可能是緊張過度，給予鎮定劑"}, "answer": "檢查是否有膀胱過漲現象，必要時緊急導尿", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "鑑定皮癬菌（Dermophyton）的主要依據，不包括下列那一特性？", "options": {"A": "生化特性", "B": "菌落特性", "C": "菌絲特性", "D": "孢子特性"}, "answer": "生化特性", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "臀皺褶（Gluteal fold）附近的皮膚感覺主要由下列何者支配？", "options": {"A": "臀下神經（Inferior gluteal nerve） \t", "B": "坐骨神經（Sciatic nerve）", "C": "股外側皮神經（Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve）", "D": "股後皮神經（Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve）"}, "answer": "股後皮神經（Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "社區健康營造不鼓勵的做法是：", "options": {"A": "充能或增能（empowerment）", "B": "夥伴關係（partnership）", "C": "由上而下（top-down）", "D": "合作或結盟（alliance）"}, "answer": "由上而下（top-down）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者非為透納氏症候群Turner syndrome之特徵？", "options": {"A": "身材短小", "B": "無月經", "C": "不孕症", "D": "青春痘增生"}, "answer": "青春痘增生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "耳下腺管（parotid duct）開口處口腔黏膜的痛覺，由下列何者傳導？", "options": {"A": "舌神經（lingual nerve）", "B": "頰神經（buccal nerve）", "C": "顴面神經（zygomaticofacial nerve）", "D": "面神經（facial nerve）之頰支（buccal branch）"}, "answer": "頰神經（buccal nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是目前市場上的抗膽鹼藥物（anti-cholinergic medications）治療尿急性失禁（urge incontinence）時，最常見的副作用（adverse effect）？", "options": {"A": "肌肉無力（muscle weakness）", "B": "尿液滯留（urinary retention）", "C": "口乾（dry mouth） \t", "D": "頻尿（urinary frequency）"}, "answer": "口乾（dry mouth） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位男童於 9 個月大因罹患川崎病接受 2 gm/kg 的靜脈注射免疫球蛋白治療，現已痊癒。15 個月大來診要求注射麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗與第一劑日本腦炎疫苗，下列那一種處置最適當？", "options": {"A": "可立即接種注射麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗與日本腦炎疫苗", "B": "可接種日本腦炎疫苗，麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗必須延後接種", "C": "可接種麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗，日本腦炎疫苗必須延後接種", "D": "日本腦炎疫苗與麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗均必須延後接種"}, "answer": "可接種日本腦炎疫苗，麻疹-腮腺炎-德國麻疹疫苗必須延後接種", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於胃酸（gastric acid) 分泌之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "受到乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine），胃泌素（gastrin）及組織胺（histamine）的調控", "B": "胃酸的分泌可分為頭期（cephalic phase），胃期（gastric phase）及腸期（intestinal", "C": "胃期（gastric phase）所分泌的胃酸佔所有胃酸分泌的 60%～70%", "D": "D細胞（D cell）所分泌的somatostatin會增加組織胺（histamine）及胃泌素（gastrin）的分泌，進而增加胃酸的分泌"}, "answer": "D細胞（D cell）所分泌的somatostatin會增加組織胺（histamine）及胃泌素（gastrin）的分泌，進而增加胃酸的分泌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "從遭到愛滋病毒感染，到以檢測試劑可偵測到感染的這一個月左右的時間內，檢測結果可能出現偽陰性。這段期間稱為什麼期？", "options": {"A": "空窗期（window period）", "B": "潛伏期（incubation period）", "C": "恢復期（recovery period）", "D": "發病期（developing period）"}, "answer": "空窗期（window period）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關足底筋膜炎（plantar fasciitis）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "足底筋膜可幫助維持內側足弓（plantar arch）", "B": "當大腳趾做過度背屈動作（hyper-dorsiflexion）時可引發疼痛", "C": "足部 X 光片常可見到骨刺（spur），此為診斷最重要的根據", "D": "很少需要以手術方式治療"}, "answer": "足部 X 光片常可見到骨刺（spur），此為診斷最重要的根據", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "91 氣喘篩檢計畫調查兩所國中的學生，共檢出氣喘學生人數如下：  \t男生 \t女生金城國中\t315 \t270 山城國中\t480 \t420 合  計\t795 \t690  試問下列敘述何者正確？ \n", "options": {"A": "這項調查顯示男生有氣喘的危險性高", "B": "山城國中的氣喘盛行率較高", "C": "山城國中的氣喘發生率較高", "D": "這些數字無法進行任何推論"}, "answer": "這些數字無法進行任何推論", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "外展聲帶，打開聲門最主要的是下列何種肌肉之作用？", "options": {"A": "側環杓肌", "B": "環甲肌", "C": "杓間肌", "D": "後環杓肌"}, "answer": "後環杓肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "使用 ACE 抑制劑（angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor）要注意那一種副作用？", "options": {"A": "高血鈉（Hypernatremia）", "B": "低血鈣（Hypocalcemia）", "C": "高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）", "D": "低血鈉（Hyponatremia）"}, "answer": "高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關穩定型心絞痛（stable angina）之藥物治療，下列何者最不適當？", "options": {"A": "使用交感神經乙型阻斷劑，除非病人有該藥物之禁忌症", "B": "若病人有使用交感神經乙型阻斷劑之禁忌症，則建議使用鈣離子阻斷劑", "C": "若合併糖尿病或左心室收縮功能不良，則建議使用血管張力素轉換酶抑制劑（angiotensin-converting", "D": "合併使用 aspirin 及 warfarin 優於單獨使用 aspirin"}, "answer": "合併使用 aspirin 及 warfarin 優於單獨使用 aspirin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 70 歲抽菸患者，其肺功能顯示 FEV1/FVC = 60%，FEV1 只有預期值的 56%；下列何者非長期治療的處方？", "options": {"A": "吸入長效型支氣管擴張劑", "B": "口服低劑量類固醇", "C": "戒菸 \t", "D": "肺部復健"}, "answer": "口服低劑量類固醇", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關骶尾畸胎瘤（sacrococcygeal teratoma）之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "由外胚層和中胚層的細胞組成", "B": "原條（primitive streak）閉鎖不全所造成", "C": "產前的超音波檢查不易發現", "D": "常發生於男性新生兒"}, "answer": "原條（primitive streak）閉鎖不全所造成", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "透明膜（hyaline membrane）這種疾病與胎兒肺部在下列何時期發育不良有關？", "options": {"A": "偽腺期（pseudoglandular period）", "B": "小管期（canalicular period）", "C": "末囊期（terminal sac period）", "D": "肺泡期（alveolar period）"}, "answer": "末囊期（terminal sac period）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者較不可能是因為上運動神經元（upper motor neuron）損傷所呈現的病徵？", "options": {"A": "肌無力（Weakness）", "B": "肌束抽搐（Fascicular twitching）", "C": "深部腱反射（Deep tendon reflex）增加", "D": "伸蹠反射（Extensor plantar reflex） 61 \t巨細胞動脈炎（Giant cell arteritis）的主要治療是："}, "answer": "肌束抽搐（Fascicular twitching）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 52 歲女性，主訴咳嗽痰多，胸部 X 光片和 CT 影像如下圖，則最可能的診斷為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "囊狀支氣管擴張（cystic bronchiectasis）", "B": "膿胸（empyema）", "C": "橫膈疝脫（diaphragmatic hernia）", "D": "空洞性肺癌（cystic lung carcinoma）"}, "answer": "囊狀支氣管擴張（cystic bronchiectasis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 43 歲病人，偶然間摸到頸部淋巴結腫大，但無其他不適。經淋巴結切片及病理檢查證實為 B 細胞瀰漫型大細胞淋巴瘤，CD20 抗原陽性。電腦斷層攝影顯示腹部大動脈旁及鼠蹊部淋巴結腫大。對這位病人最適當的治療為何？", "options": {"A": "密切觀察待有症狀時再治療", "B": "給予化學治療 COP（cyclophosphamide, vincristine 及 prednisolone）", "C": "給予化學治療 CHOP（COP 加 adriamycin）", "D": "給予化學治療 CHOP 加 rituximab"}, "answer": "給予化學治療 CHOP 加 rituximab", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不會引起脂肪肝？", "options": {"A": "肥胖", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "高血脂症", "D": "胃食道逆流"}, "answer": "胃食道逆流", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，在急診處對該病人的處置，下列何者最為適當？", "options": {"A": "腦部電腦斷層攝影，並給予口服kayexalate 60 mg", "B": "尿液滲透壓測定，並給予0.9% NaCl", "C": "動脈血氣體分析，並作血液的細菌培養", "D": "腦脊髓液檢查，並給予5%葡萄糖溶液，加入5單位的短效胰島素"}, "answer": "尿液滲透壓測定，並給予0.9% NaCl", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列狀況何者為最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "使用口服排卵藥 \t", "B": "排卵期的子宮頸黏液", "C": "早發性停經 \t", "D": "接受子宮頸錐狀切除術後"}, "answer": "排卵期的子宮頸黏液", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一男嬰足月出生活動力正常，但產後 4 天發現臍帶結紮處有滲出血水，背部有局部瘀血斑，嬰兒最有可能缺乏下列何種營養素？", "options": {"A": "維生素 K", "B": "維生素 B12", "C": "葉酸", "D": "鐵"}, "answer": "維生素 K", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "9 張先生 56 歲，因嚴重心臟衰竭至急診處，胸部 X 光及臨床診察變化為：肺充血（lung congestion）   Kerley B line 腹水、肝腫大 下肢水腫（edema），則下列何者是最確切的右心衰竭特點？ \n", "options": {"A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": ""}, "answer": "", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關肉毒桿菌毒素（botulinum neurotoxin）局部肌肉注射以治療腦性麻痺肌肉痙攣的敘述，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "其作用是使周邊神經去髓鞘（demyelination），造成肌肉無力", "B": "作用快速，注射後 20 分鐘就出現肌肉無力及痙攣消失", "C": "有效期間 3 至 6 個月，需要重複注射", "D": "其缺點是可能造成局部感覺異常"}, "answer": "有效期間 3 至 6 個月，需要重複注射", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一般標準之純音聽力檢查（pure tone audiometry）所測\t之最高音頻為下列何者？", "options": {"A": "4000 Hz", "B": "6000 Hz", "C": "8000 Hz", "D": "10000 Hz"}, "answer": "8000 Hz", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞是專業化的抗原呈現細胞（professional antigen-presenting cell）？", "options": {"A": "CD4+ T 細胞 \t", "B": "嗜中性白血球（neutrophil）", "C": "巨噬細胞（macrophage）", "D": "肥胖細胞（mast cell）"}, "answer": "巨噬細胞（macrophage）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列細胞中，何者的主要功能是產生抗體？", "options": {"A": "巨噬細胞（macrophages）", "B": "肥大細胞（mast cells）", "C": "漿細胞（plasma cells）", "D": "T淋巴細胞（T lymphocytes）"}, "answer": "漿細胞（plasma cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "在急性心肌梗塞後，會發生各種併發症，下列何種併發症發生後必須考慮儘速手術治療，以免病人病情惡化而死亡？", "options": {"A": "呼吸窘迫症候群（Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome）", "B": "壞死性心室中隔缺損", "C": "低心輸出量合併寡尿（Oliguria）", "D": "細菌性心內膜炎"}, "answer": "壞死性心室中隔缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關平滑肌收縮時之 cross-bridge activation 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "該激活作用是因肌動蛋白（actin）磷酸化所致", "B": "troponin 不參與此激活作用", "C": "細胞質內之鈣離子（cytosolic calcium）與調鈣蛋白（calmodulin）結合，參與此激活作用", "D": "在平滑肌內的 ATPase 酵素活性速率比在骨骼肌內來的慢"}, "answer": "該激活作用是因肌動蛋白（actin）磷酸化所致", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "84 有關醫療社會化（medical socialization）之可能結果，請由下列選項中選出最適當的組合關係？①造成醫療價格高漲 ②非醫療需求者亦需負擔醫療費用 ③易引起醫療供給者之反彈 ④易引起高所得者之不滿與不安 ", "options": {"A": "①②③④", "B": "②③④", "C": "①②③", "D": "①②④"}, "answer": "②③④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位病人於理學檢查時被發現有肩膀外展（abduction）無力，下列那一部分的神經損傷不會造成此種現象？", "options": {"A": "腋窩神經（axillary nerve）", "B": "臂神經叢上幹（upper trunk）", "C": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "D": "臂神經叢後索（posterior cord）"}, "answer": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於人類單核細胞艾利希體症（human monocytic ehrlichiosis）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "以青黴素（penicillin）、氨基糖苷（aminoglycosides）、大環內酯（macrolides）等類藥物治療有效", "B": "其致病菌可在血液單核球（monocyte）和巨噬細胞（macrophage）內進行繁殖", "C": "多數病患會有血清轉胺酶（serum transaminase）升高及血小板減少（thrombocytopenia）的情況", "D": "臨床主要以核酸增幅法（nucleic acid amplification）或血清學檢\t（serological test）確認此疾病"}, "answer": "以青黴素（penicillin）、氨基糖苷（aminoglycosides）、大環內酯（macrolides）等類藥物治療有效", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者非會厭炎（epiglottitis）典型之症狀？", "options": {"A": "喘鳴（stridor）", "B": "吞嚥困難（dysphagia）", "C": "哮鳴（wheezing）", "D": "流涎（drooling）"}, "answer": "哮鳴（wheezing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腦中核酸分解所形成之氨（ammonia），主要轉化為下列何種物質，再經由血液運送至肝臟或腎臟？", "options": {"A": "尿酸（uric acid）", "B": "尿素（urea）", "C": "天冬醯胺（asparagine）", "D": "麩胺醯胺（glutamine）"}, "answer": "麩胺醯胺（glutamine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者受損時最可能影響提睪肌（cremasteric muscle）的收縮？", "options": {"A": "股神經（femoral nerve）", "B": "陰部神經（pudendal nerve）", "C": "生殖股神經（genitofemoral nerve）", "D": "髂腹股溝神經（ilioinguinal nerve）"}, "answer": "生殖股神經（genitofemoral nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "此時昏迷指數最可能為幾分？", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "3", "C": "5", "D": "7"}, "answer": "3", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞不屬於永久性組織（nondividing or permanent tissues）?", "options": {"A": "神經元（neurons）", "B": "骨骼肌細胞（skeletal muscle cells）", "C": "平滑肌細胞（smooth muscle cells）", "D": "心肌細胞（cardiac muscle cells）"}, "answer": "平滑肌細胞（smooth muscle cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "兒童總膽管囊腫（choledochal cyst）的症狀，下列何者最少見？", "options": {"A": "腹痛（abdominal pain）", "B": "黃疸（jaundice）", "C": "膽道結石（gallstone）", "D": "腹部腫塊（abdominal mass）"}, "answer": "膽道結石（gallstone）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "34歲男性，因中樞神經系統症狀住院，腦部切片顯示多個髓鞘脫失（demyelination）病灶，其內之神經軸索（axons）數目略減，病灶邊緣之寡樹突膠質細胞核呈玻璃狀雙染的包涵物（glassy amphophilic inclusions），亦見到奇異且巨大的星狀膠原細胞（bizarre giant astrocytes），其診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "人類免疫力不足病毒腦炎（human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis）", "B": "進行性多病灶腦白質病（progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy）", "C": "亞急性硬化性全腦炎（subacute sclerosing panencephalitis）", "D": "第二型單純疱疹病毒腦炎（herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis）"}, "answer": "進行性多病灶腦白質病（progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "50 歲婦女上門求診，因左側腋下有腫塊 3 週，經醫師檢查發現，左側腋下淋巴結腫大且硬，但不痛，請問該婦女最有可能罹患下列何種疾病？", "options": {"A": "急性乳腺炎合併化膿", "B": "乳房腺管癌", "C": "乳房惡性淋巴瘤", "D": "肺部小細胞癌"}, "answer": "乳房腺管癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 16 歲的高中生打籃球後左膝蓋一直疼痛不癒。國術館推拿後反而漸漸腫脹。骨科檢查，X 光發現遠端股骨有異常；切片診斷為惡性骨肉瘤。下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "X 光檢查可能發現 Codman's triangle \t", "B": "胸部 X 光檢查發現有一個可能是轉移的腫瘤，此階段已無法治療", "C": "胸部電腦斷層檢查是必要的", "D": "化學治療是不可缺少的"}, "answer": "胸部 X 光檢查發現有一個可能是轉移的腫瘤，此階段已無法治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "控制下列心血管因子，何者對缺血性心臟病之預後影響最不顯著？", "options": {"A": "戒菸 \t", "B": "控制血壓 \t", "C": "控制血脂異常（dyslipidemia）", "D": "控制血糖"}, "answer": "控制血糖", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "肺炎黴漿菌（Mycoplasma pneumoniae）感染會引起原發性非典型肺炎（primary atypical pneumonia），在鑑定培養時通常會加入下列何種抗生素於培養基中，以利黴漿菌的分離與生長？", "options": {"A": "青黴素（penicillin） \t", "B": "紅黴素（erythromycin）", "C": "四環素（tetracycline）", "D": "磺胺劑（sulfonamide）"}, "answer": "青黴素（penicillin） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一種真核細胞調控蛋白質（eukaryotic regulatory proteins）會與增強子（enhancer）結合，以促進基因轉錄？", "options": {"A": "轉錄活化子（transcription activators）", "B": "輔活化子（coactivators）", "C": "TATA-結合蛋白（TATA-binding proteins; TBP）", "D": "基準轉錄因子（basal transcription factors）"}, "answer": "轉錄活化子（transcription activators）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "胚胎發育時，下列那一咽溝（pharyngeal groove）會持續存在，並且衍生形成外聽道（external acoustic meatus）？", "options": {"A": "第一", "B": "第二", "C": "第三", "D": "第四"}, "answer": "第一", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 5 歲大 20 kg 的兒童送醫途中，身體評估顯示兒童無反應、無脈搏，且無自發性呼吸。護送兒童的緊急救護員敘述護送途中持續給予正壓呼吸及胸部按壓，貼上自動體外電擊器貼片，心電圖顯示如下，此時，下列何種治療對小朋友最合適？", "options": {"A": "建立血管通路，給予 Amiodarone 100 mg 注射", "B": "建立血管通路，給予 Adenosine 2 mg 注射", "C": "使用兒童電擊貼片，給予 50 焦耳雙相電擊一次", "D": "建立血管通路，給予 Epinephrine 0.2 mg 注射，並繼續 CPR"}, "answer": "使用兒童電擊貼片，給予 50 焦耳雙相電擊一次", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "胰臟之腺泡中央細胞（centroacinar cells）的來源是什麼？", "options": {"A": "產酵素細胞（zymogenic cells）", "B": "蘭氏小島（islet of Langerhans）細胞", "C": "小葉間管（interlobular duct）細胞", "D": "閏管（intercalated duct）細胞"}, "answer": "閏管（intercalated duct）細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "20歲男性，因右膝受傷接受X光攝影。附圖為X光攝影影像，最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "fibrous dysplasia", "B": "hereditary multiple exostoses", "C": "osteogenic sarcoma", "D": "eosinophilic granuloma"}, "answer": "hereditary multiple exostoses", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "年輕女性引起急性輸卵管炎之最常見的致病原因為何？", "options": {"A": "gonorrhea \t", "B": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "C": "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "D": "bacterial vaginitis"}, "answer": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關幼兒異物吞食之敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "至少 30% of children with esophageal foreign bodies 無症狀", "B": "誤食 foreign body 者，大部分（約 80%）為 6 個月到 3 歲之間的嬰幼兒", "C": "若有 sharp objects in the esophagus, disc button batteries 或異物合併呼吸道症狀者，應立即取出", "D": "即使病人無臨床症狀，blunt objects and coins lodged in the esophagus 也必須儘早取出，以避免食道破裂"}, "answer": "即使病人無臨床症狀，blunt objects and coins lodged in the esophagus 也必須儘早取出，以避免食道破裂", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "35歲女性主述於2年前，手部遇冷會出現指端變紫黑色的情形，另外也抱怨顏面紅斑及多發性關節痛。最近1 年，工作時容易疲勞，實\t室檢查Anti-U1 RNP抗體為1:1280。最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "全身性硬化症（systemic sclerosis）", "B": "系統性紅斑狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus）", "C": "皮膚肌炎（dermatomyositis）", "D": "混合性結締組織病（mixed connective tissue disease）"}, "answer": "混合性結締組織病（mixed connective tissue disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "出生體重低於1000公克的早產兒發生腦性麻痺（cerebral palsy）機率較高，是因為這類嬰兒較易有何種腦部病變發生？", "options": {"A": "brain malformation", "B": "subdural hematoma", "C": "congenital meningitis", "D": "peri-ventricular leukomalacia"}, "answer": "peri-ventricular leukomalacia", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "因感染結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）而在肺部形成的肉芽腫（granuloma）中，主要可以觀察到下列那一種細胞？", "options": {"A": "滋養細胞（trophocyte）", "B": "小膠質細胞（microglial cell）", "C": "空泡細胞（koilocyte）", "D": "蘭氏巨細胞（Langhans giant cell）"}, "answer": "蘭氏巨細胞（Langhans giant cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "左胃網膜動脈（left gastro-omental artery）源自下列何者？", "options": {"A": "右胃網膜動脈 \t", "B": "肝動脈（hepatic artery）", "C": "胃十二指腸動脈（gastroduodenal artery）", "D": "脾動脈（splenic artery）"}, "answer": "脾動脈（splenic artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 72 歲病患，服用口服降血糖藥物多年，最近五天因\"感冒\"變得嗜睡，由家人送來急診求醫，抵院時，血壓為 120/80 mmHg，神經學檢查無異常所見，實驗室數據如下：WBC：14,500/mm3、尿酮：", "options": {"A": "NPH insulin 20 單位皮下注射", "B": "0.9% NaCl 3000 mL 靜脈輸注", "C": "抗生素治療 \t", "D": "7% sodium bicarbonate 40 mL 靜脈注射"}, "answer": "0.9% NaCl 3000 mL 靜脈輸注", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "克流感（oseltamivir）主要藉由干擾流感病毒的那種蛋白的功能，以達到抑制病毒的功效？", "options": {"A": "M1 protein", "B": "Hemagglutinin", "C": "M2 protein", "D": "Neuraminidase"}, "answer": "Neuraminidase", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "附圖為描述糖尿病發病過程的一些生理變化，甲、乙及丙三條曲線分別描述那些變化？", "options": {"A": "甲：血糖變化；乙：胰島素分泌量；丙：胰島素敏感度", "B": "甲：胰島素分泌量；乙：胰島素敏感度；丙：血糖變化", "C": "甲：血糖變化；乙：胰島素敏感度；丙：胰島素分泌量", "D": "甲：胰島素敏感度；乙：胰島素分泌量；丙：血糖變化"}, "answer": "甲：血糖變化；乙：胰島素分泌量；丙：胰島素敏感度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關馬尾症候群（cauda equina syndrome）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "以上運動神經元（upper motor neuron）表徵為主", "B": "通常臨床症狀是左右兩側對稱", "C": "深部肌腱反射增強", "D": "球海綿體肌反射（bulbocavernosus reflex）消失"}, "answer": "球海綿體肌反射（bulbocavernosus reflex）消失", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "五個月大男嬰，因哭鬧不停及出現粉紅色果凍樣大便（currant jelly stool）就醫，影像學檢查發現有腸套疊。病人最可能出現下列何種病理變化？", "options": {"A": "腸道壞死", "B": "腸壁平滑肌肥厚", "C": "腸黏膜細胞增生", "D": "腸道血管增生"}, "answer": "腸道壞死", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "左肺門（hilum）正上方的溝（或切跡）是由何結構造成的？", "options": {"A": "食道", "B": "動脈弓", "C": "奇靜脈", "D": "上腔靜脈"}, "answer": "動脈弓", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關第一型神經纖維瘤（type 1 neurofibromatosis）的描述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此病為體染色體隱性遺傳（autosomal recessive）", "B": "有將近一半的病人均是因為新的基因突變造成（de novo mutation）", "C": "有可能會伴發視神經瘤（optic glioma）", "D": "身上有六個以上之咖啡斑（café-au-lait spots）"}, "answer": "此病為體染色體隱性遺傳（autosomal recessive）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "48 歲男性，連續發生胸痛並延伸至左肩之情形已持續 3 天。來到急診時表現為呼吸困難、頭暈與冒冷汗持續 1 小時；病人一到急診血壓無法測得，而心電圖呈現如下變化。下列處置何者正確？", "options": {"A": "舌下甘油片可緩解此病人之疼痛", "B": "可針對病人之呼吸困難使用 morphine 肌肉注射", "C": "以靜脈注射 amiodarone 速效劑量，再以靜脈連續輸注維持劑量", "D": "直流電電擊整流術（direct current cardioversion）"}, "answer": "直流電電擊整流術（direct current cardioversion）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "患者因肛門嚴重搔癢就診，並出現脫肛（rectal prolapse）症狀時，你應懷疑受到下列何種寄生蟲感染？", "options": {"A": "蛔蟲（Ascaris lumbricoides）", "B": "美洲鈎蟲（Necator americanus）", "C": "鞭蟲（Trichuris trichiura）", "D": "蟯蟲（Enterobius vermicularis）"}, "answer": "鞭蟲（Trichuris trichiura）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "單一靜脈注射thiopental在人體內的作用時間非常短暫，其主要原因是具有下列何項性質？", "options": {"A": "在腸胃道之吸收緩慢", "B": "不經由肝臟代謝而直接由腎臟排出", "C": "易由大腦再到脂肪組織重新分布", "D": "在肝臟很快被代謝成不活性物質"}, "answer": "易由大腦再到脂肪組織重新分布", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列低血鉀之成因何者不是因鉀離子移入細胞內？", "options": {"A": "代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）", "B": "合成代謝階段（anabolic state）", "C": "庫欣氏症（Cushing's syndrome）", "D": "低血鉀週期性無力症（hypokalemic periodic paralysis）"}, "answer": "庫欣氏症（Cushing's syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "健康行為改變的PRECEDE-PROCEED模式中，下列那一項是屬於增強因素（reinforcing factor）？", "options": {"A": "資源整合運用", "B": "重要他人支持", "C": "態度信念改變", "D": "支持環境的重建"}, "answer": "重要他人支持", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者屬於衍生性空氣污染物？", "options": {"A": "二氧化硫", "B": "一氧化碳", "C": "一氧化氮", "D": "臭氧"}, "answer": "臭氧", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，下列有關這類患者之藥物治療，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "使用 hydroxychloroquine 主要是抑制發炎細胞的增生", "B": "急性期可以使用類固醇來緩解症狀", "C": "Sulfasalazine 主要是抑制發炎性細胞激素之表現", "D": "Methotrexate 是有效之第二線藥物"}, "answer": "使用 hydroxychloroquine 主要是抑制發炎細胞的增生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，若此男童骨齡檢查結果為 12 歲 9 個月，優先考慮下列那一項診斷？", "options": {"A": "家族性身材矮小（genetic short stature）", "B": "營養不良（malnutrition）", "C": "體質性生長遲延（constitutional growth delay）", "D": "腦垂體低能症（hypopituitarism）"}, "answer": "體質性生長遲延（constitutional growth delay）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 21 歲雙極性疾患（bipolar disorder）急性躁症發作（acute manic episode）的患者，被送到醫院急診室時，下列那一種症狀應較不會出現？", "options": {"A": "情緒高亢", "B": "精力旺盛", "C": "意念飛躍", "D": "罪惡妄想"}, "answer": "罪惡妄想", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列關於自發性氣胸（spontaneous pneumothorax）的手術適應症敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "第一次發作經插胸管引流後仍持續漏氣超過 72 小時", "B": "同側氣胸第二次或以上之復發", "C": "併發血胸、膿胸或慢性氣胸者", "D": "細針穿刺引流無效者"}, "answer": "細針穿刺引流無效者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "45 歲男性病人在接受心臟移植 10 年後發生冠狀動脈狹窄，最可能的冠狀動脈病變是：", "options": {"A": "Intimal fibrosis \t", "B": "Medial fibrosis", "C": "Periarterial fibrosis \t", "D": "Medial calcification"}, "answer": "Intimal fibrosis \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "目前國內接種的 B 型肝炎疫苗是屬於：", "options": {"A": "死病毒（Killed virus）", "B": "活減毒疫苗（Live attenuated virus）", "C": "活病毒（Live virus）", "D": "基因重組次單位疫苗（subunit vaccine）"}, "answer": "基因重組次單位疫苗（subunit vaccine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "30 歲少婦，已婚，婚後 6 年來並無節育計畫，但並未生小孩，月經時有時無，最近因乳房分泌乳汁，至一般外科看診，再轉診至婦科，經抽血檢查，發現血中某數值增高，醫師隨即安排腦部核磁共振造影，結果在顱底鞍凹（sella turcica）處，發現約 1 公分大小之腦瘤。請問此患者抽血檢查數值偏高的是下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "HCG（human chorionic gonadotropin）", "B": "growth hormone", "C": "prolactin \t", "D": "α-fetoprotein"}, "answer": "prolactin \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "3.2 g/dL ", "options": {"A": "因急性十二指腸潰瘍穿孔接受腹腔鏡十二指腸修補縫合術，術後第三天，鼻胃管仍留置，每日引流量約為六百毫升", "B": "因胃癌住院準備接受手術，手術後體重由七十公斤降為六十五公斤，抽血檢查血清白蛋白濃度為", "C": "因上腸繫膜動脈血栓併腹膜炎切除大部分小腸，術後第八天", "D": "因胃及小腸胃腸間質瘤（gastrointestinal stroma tumor, GIST）接受半胃切除術及小腸部分切除術，約切除二十公分小腸，術後第三天仍未排氣，持續禁食中"}, "answer": "因急性十二指腸潰瘍穿孔接受腹腔鏡十二指腸修補縫合術，術後第三天，鼻胃管仍留置，每日引流量約為六百毫升", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種激素扮演促進胎兒時期中樞神經發育的關鍵角色？", "options": {"A": "生長激素（growth hormone）", "B": "甲狀腺素（thyroxine）", "C": "腎上腺皮質醇（cortisol）", "D": "泌乳素（prolactin）"}, "answer": "甲狀腺素（thyroxine）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "23.65歲女性病⼈因⻑期糖尿病腎病變，接受規則⾎液透析治療已5年，透析前⾎中磷（PO43-）6.8 mg/dL、鈣", "options": {"A": "使⽤磷結合劑（phosphate binder）", "B": "使⽤維他命D3（vitamin D3）", "C": "使⽤擬鈣劑（calcimimetic）", "D": "使⽤鈣濃度3.0 mEq/L透析液"}, "answer": "使⽤磷結合劑（phosphate binder）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "43.有一 32歲男性主訴兩三個月來易倦，腹脹。理學檢查發現體溫正常，結膜蒼白，脾臟在左肋下沿可觸診；血液常規檢查：WBC 120,000/uL， blast/promyelocyte/myelocyte/metamyelocyte/neutrophil/monocyte/eosinophil/ basophil/lymphocyte = \n metaphases 。目前學界共識第一線治療為何？", "options": {"A": "hydroxyurea", "B": "interferon-alpha", "C": "tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "D": "allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"}, "answer": "tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "大腦大靜脈（great cerebral vein of Galen）注入：", "options": {"A": "岩上竇（superior petrosal sinus）", "B": "橫竇（transverse sinus）", "C": "直竇（straight sinus）", "D": "上矢狀竇（superior sagittal sinus）"}, "answer": "直竇（straight sinus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "62.張先生到醫院進行各項肺容積之測量，測量結果顯示總肺容量（total lung capacity）為5000毫升，肺餘容積 （residual volume）為300毫升，兩者之間的差值稱之為何？\n", "options": {"A": "肺活量（vital capacity）", "B": "吸氣儲備容積（inspiratory reserve volume）", "C": "潮氣容積（tidal volume）", "D": "功能性肺餘容量（functional residual capacity）"}, "answer": "肺活量（vital capacity）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "52 一位 60 歲男性，病人主訴便秘，大便有血，並有痔瘡。病人要求手術治療痔瘡以改善便秘，下列有 關臨床醫師之應對處置何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "檢查痔瘡嚴重度", "B": "安排大腸鏡檢查", "C": "肛門收縮力檢查", "D": "改善便秘需切除痔瘡"}, "answer": "改善便秘需切除痔瘡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "復甦後的照護，有關體溫部分之敘述，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "復甦後體溫於略低狀態（33-35℃），則要小心的回溫至正常", "B": "復甦後將體溫控制於 32-34℃，維持 12-24 小時，於原始為 ventricular fibrillation（VF）心律者，為 classⅡb 位階", "C": "復甦後將體溫控制於 32-34℃，維持 12-24 小時，於原始為 Asystole 心律者，為 classⅡa 位階", "D": "復甦後體溫若高於正常，要積極降溫"}, "answer": "復甦後體溫若高於正常，要積極降溫", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲中年婦女到門診主訴右手食指、中指、無名指麻痺，理學檢查魚際肌（thenar muscle）有明顯萎縮，她最可能發生下列那條神經的病變？", "options": {"A": "橈神經（radial nerve）", "B": "正中神經（median nerve）", "C": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）  \t", "D": "後骨間神經（posterior interosseous nerve）"}, "answer": "正中神經（median nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "結核病及類肉瘤病（sarcoidosis）的共同特徵是：", "options": {"A": "都是傳染性疾病 \t", "B": "都有乾酪狀壞死", "C": "都有肉芽腫 \t", "D": "常引起肺臟的瀰漫性間質纖維化"}, "answer": "都有肉芽腫 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一位12歲的男童因兩邊淋巴腺腫大到醫院求診，經血液及切片檢查，發現有細胞型態正常的組織球增生與血液細胞吞噬現象。細胞免疫檢\t發現CD1a陰性，而有CD8陽性之T細胞。下列何者為最正確診斷？", "options": {"A": "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "B": "infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome", "C": "malignant histiocytosis", "D": "acute monocytic leukemia"}, "answer": "infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "以下何者容易出現病毒相關性腫瘤？", "options": {"A": "Leishmaniasis 患者 \t", "B": "Legionella pneumonia 患者", "C": "IgA nephropathy 患者", "D": "AIDS 患者"}, "answer": "AIDS 患者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "⼈⼯⽿蝸（cochlear implants）是利⽤電極，刺激極重度聽損病⼈內⽿中之何種細胞？", "options": {"A": "外⽑細胞（outer hair cells）", "B": "內⽑細胞（inner hair cells）", "C": "⾎管紋細胞（striae vascularis cells）", "D": "螺旋神經節細胞（spiral ganglion cells）"}, "answer": "螺旋神經節細胞（spiral ganglion cells）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "62.假設其它條件不變，慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease）患者若要達到與正常人相同之通氣量（ventilation），則其每次呼吸時肋膜內壓（intrapleural pressure, Pip）的變化與正常人相比較應為下 列何者？\n", "options": {"A": "較大", "B": "較小", "C": "相等", "D": "可能較大也可能較小，視病情而定"}, "answer": "較大", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 37 歲女性因為容易疲倦應診，血液相檢查顯示血紅素 8.0 gm/dL，紅血球數 3.65×106 /µL，血比容（Hct）24%，白血球數 8,150 /µL，血小板 385,000 /µL，網狀紅血球 2.5%。此病人之網狀紅血球生成指數（reticulocyte production index）最接近多少 %？", "options": {"A": "2.5", "B": "2", "C": "1.25", "D": "0.7"}, "answer": "0.7", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 25 歲女性，無特殊過去病史，因右腋下有一硬塊以及一個月內體重減輕 5 公斤而至醫院求診，自述並無發燒、盜汗、咳嗽、呼吸困難或腹痛等症狀，理學檢查除了右側腋下有一 5×6 cm、固定、無痛性硬塊以外其餘皆正常，亦無可觸性的乳房腫塊。切片報告（incisional biopsy）為 poorly differentiated carcinoma，下一步該如何處理最適當？", "options": {"A": "抽血檢驗 CEA、CA-125、AFP 及 PSA", "B": "針對病理切片和病理科醫師討論，並安排進一步相關免疫染色基因檢測之檢查", "C": "儘快安排右側乳房切除術及腋下淋巴結切除術", "D": "立即給予 cyclophosphamide、adriamycin 及 5-fluorouracil"}, "answer": "針對病理切片和病理科醫師討論，並安排進一步相關免疫染色基因檢測之檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關甲狀腺功能調節之敘述中，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腦下垂體分泌的 TSH，可刺激甲狀腺荷爾蒙之合成 \t", "B": "甲狀腺可自動調節其對碘離子的回收", "C": "甲狀腺荷爾蒙之合成，會受本身的負回饋調節", "D": "甲狀腺釋放之荷爾蒙，大部份是三碘甲狀腺素（T3）"}, "answer": "甲狀腺釋放之荷爾蒙，大部份是三碘甲狀腺素（T3）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "正常生理範圍下，preload 與 afterload 對於心搏量（stroke volume）之影響分別為何？", "options": {"A": "preload 增加心搏量；afterload 降低心搏量", "B": "preload 降低心搏量；afterload 增加心搏量", "C": "皆增加心搏量 \t", "D": "皆降低心搏量"}, "answer": "preload 增加心搏量；afterload 降低心搏量", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "33.60歲何女士有高血壓10年，每日服用losartan 50 mg與hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg，血壓一直控制在理想範圍。 2個月前因為肺結核開始服用四合一抗結核藥物，一週前何女士開始出現發燒及手部多發性小關節腫痛現象，\n \t抽血檢\t發現抗核抗體（ANA）1：1280陽性，anti-histone antibody陽性，但anti-dsDNA antibodies為陰性。下\n 列處置何者最為適當？\n", "options": {"A": "停掉losartan", "B": "停掉isoniazid", "C": "停掉hydrochlorothiazide", "D": "原有用藥都不停，加上prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day"}, "answer": "停掉isoniazid", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "多發性內分泌腫瘤第Ⅰ型（MENⅠ），不包括下列何者？", "options": {"A": "副甲狀腺增生", "B": "胰島素瘤", "C": "甲狀腺髓質瘤", "D": "胃泌素瘤"}, "answer": "甲狀腺髓質瘤", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "右側視神經束（optic tract）受損的患者，下列有關其視野（visual field）檢查結果的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "左眼視覺功能缺失，而右眼正常", "B": "患者無法偵測投射在右眼右半視網膜（retina）的物體影像", "C": "患者可以偵測投射在左眼右半視網膜（retina）的物體影像", "D": "兩眼均無法偵測右側視野（visual field）的物體"}, "answer": "患者無法偵測投射在右眼右半視網膜（retina）的物體影像", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關破骨細胞（osteoclasts）的敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "是多核細胞 \t", "B": "位於骨膜內（periosteum）", "C": "分泌骨基質 \t", "D": "細胞質為強嗜鹼性"}, "answer": "是多核細胞 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "派亞氏斑（Peyer's patch）具有下列何種特徵？", "options": {"A": "是微血管聚集形成的構造", "B": "是內分泌細胞聚集形成的構造", "C": "是淋巴球聚集形成的構造", "D": "是神經細胞聚集形成的構造"}, "answer": "是淋巴球聚集形成的構造", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "因⾞禍⽽急需輸⾎患者的⾎型為AB型，在場三⼈中，⼩李⾎型是A型，⼩吳是B型，⼩何是O型，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "只有⼩李及⼩吳可捐⾎給患者", "B": "只有⼩何可捐⾎給患者", "C": "三⼈均可捐⾎給患者", "D": "三⼈均不可捐⾎給患者"}, "answer": "三⼈均可捐⾎給患者", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "陳小姐被發現有意識不清及黃疸而被送到急診就醫，檢查結果為total bilirubin：7.2 mg/dL（正常值：0.2～1.6 mg/dL）、direct bilirubin：4 mg/dL（正常值：0～0.3 mg/dL）、AST：478 U/L（正常值：5～45 U/L）、 ALT：356 U/L（正常值：0～40 U/L）、alkaline phosphatase：102 U/L（正常值：10～100 U/L）、 prothrombin time（INR）：3.1、albumin：3.6 g/dL（正常值：4.3～5.4 g/dL），下列之敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "此病患可能發生hepatocellular jaundice", "B": "腹部超音波檢查膽管應無異常", "C": "此病患黃疸的病因，可能包括virus, autoimmune, toxin and metabolic disorder等", "D": "此病人之最可能病因為急性膽管炎"}, "answer": "此病人之最可能病因為急性膽管炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "41 一位腎臟病患經異體腎臟移植後服用免疫抑制劑控制排斥反應。最近發現在左側足背皮膚有一些不 痛、不規則之斑塊（如圖），病理切片下呈現許多梭狀細胞（spindle cell）和血管樣間隙（slit-like vascular space）。有關此病的敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "此為卡波西氏肉瘤（Kaposi's sarcoma） \t", "B": "免疫抑制劑中，glucocorticoid 比 cyclosporine A 更易導致此病發生", "C": "Human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）感染可能與此病之發生有關", "D": "Human herpesvirus-8 與此病相關"}, "answer": "免疫抑制劑中，glucocorticoid 比 cyclosporine A 更易導致此病發生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有位病人因下肢趾頭關節處腫脹疼痛無法行走，被送至醫院急診室，經抽血檢查發現是xanthine oxidase活性極高所引起的痛風，醫師做了緊急處理緩解後，建議病人服用下列何種藥物控制尿酸濃度最為合適？", "options": {"A": "ibuprofen", "B": "indomethacin", "C": "allopurinol", "D": "aspirin"}, "answer": "allopurinol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "12.一位50歲女性肺結核病患，已服第一線4種抗結核藥物一個月，病人主訴食慾較差，稍微倦怠，但小便更深黃，肝功能檢查發現bilirubin T/D 15/8 mg/dL，AST：68 U/L，ALT：70  U/L。最不可能是那一種抗結核藥物引起？ \n", "options": {"A": "isoniazid", "B": "rifampin", "C": "ethambutol", "D": "pyrazinamide"}, "answer": "ethambutol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種胺基酸為合成甲狀腺素T3 & T4的前驅物？", "options": {"A": "arginine", "B": "tryptophan", "C": "lysine", "D": "tyrosine"}, "answer": "arginine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 53 歲男性，主訴腹部疼痛及嘔吐。患者於 3 年前曾因大腸腫瘤接受右側結腸切除術，半年前病患亦有一次相似的腹部疼痛，於急診室處理後症狀改善而出院。此次病患仰臥腹部 X 光片顯示於左上腹部及左下腹部出現充滿氣體之脹大空腸腸管，6 小時後追蹤之腹部 X 光片仍顯示脹大的腸管，但是腸管內之氣體消失明顯，被腸腔內液體所取代。身體診查發現病患腸音靜止，患者無排氣無排便。下列何者與患者的病情變化最不相符？", "options": {"A": "小腸阻塞轉變為部分性（small bowel partial obstruction）", "B": "電腦斷層顯示腸壁變厚，出現氣體", "C": "血中白血球數可能無升高", "D": "體溫可能無上升"}, "answer": "小腸阻塞轉變為部分性（small bowel partial obstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "顱內腦動脈瘤（cerebral aneurysm），破裂後第幾天，血管痙攣為最嚴重？", "options": {"A": "1~3 天", "B": "3~10 天", "C": "10~15 天", "D": "15~21 天"}, "answer": "3~10 天", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在人體中，胺基酸不能作為下列何種生物分子生合成的前驅物？", "options": {"A": "腎上腺素（epinephrine）", "B": "紫質（porphyrin）", "C": "腺嘌呤（adenine） \t", "D": "氰鈷胺（cobalamin）"}, "answer": "氰鈷胺（cobalamin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "甲醫師受邀到藥廠所贊助的研討會擔任講師，支領鐘點費5,000元，擔心有利益衝突的問題。有關利益衝突的敘述與處理，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "有效處理利益衝突第一個要件，就是察覺其存在", "B": "公開是處理利益衝突的金科玉律", "C": "核准與審核，也是處理利益衝突的方式之一", "D": "利益衝突本身就不道德，應全面禁止"}, "answer": "利益衝突本身就不道德，應全面禁止", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種抗生素不經由肝臟代謝或膽汁排出，因此不會干擾其他藥物的代謝作用？", "options": {"A": "chloramphenicol", "B": "erythromycin", "C": "gentamicin", "D": "rifampin"}, "answer": "gentamicin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "57 一位 75 歲女性有高血壓病史一直用藥物控制，主訴心悸、呼吸困難來診。身體檢查發現心跳 108 次/min 而且不規則，有輕微心臟叩音變大，心跳呈心房顫動、心室搏動快速；心臟超音波呈 ejection fraction ", "options": {"A": "使用 amiodarone 控制心跳", "B": "測定 troponin", "C": "測定free T4、TSH \t", "D": "以cardioversion治療心房顫動"}, "answer": "測定free T4、TSH \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Jacob 和 Monod 在研究大腸桿菌中乳糖代謝時發現：一些突變株不管有沒有誘導物（乳糖等）的存在下，皆 可 表現 大 量半 乳 糖 苷酶（β-galactosidase），是因為：", "options": {"A": "此突變株影響到半乳糖苷酶 mRNA 的轉譯表現", "B": "此突變株影響到半乳糖苷酶 mRNA 的轉錄後修飾表現", "C": "此\t突\t變\t株\t的\t半\t乳\t糖\t苷酶操\t縱\t子 （operon）無法受其抑止子（Lac repressor）所調控", "D": "此突變造成 Lac repressor 的 DNA 結合能力變強"}, "answer": "此\t突\t變\t株\t的\t半\t乳\t糖\t苷酶操\t縱\t子 （operon）無法受其抑止子（Lac repressor）所調控", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "影響台灣地區民眾死亡的因素中，何者最為重要？", "options": {"A": "醫療體系的因素", "B": "生物的因素", "C": "環境的因素", "D": "生活型態的因素"}, "answer": "生活型態的因素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "某32歲女子，離開勒戒所不久，又施打來路不明的海洛因，因純度提高導致中毒出現意識不清，送至醫院後處置之原則，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "因個案體溫會下降，所以保溫是海洛因中毒最重要的救護措施", "B": "以靜脈注射methadone為主要藥物治療", "C": "若瞳孔放大與呼吸速率增加，顯示中毒程度正逐漸改善", "D": "因鴉片類拮抗劑（opioid antagonist）多為長效，所以通常給予單次劑量即可"}, "answer": "若瞳孔放大與呼吸速率增加，顯示中毒程度正逐漸改善", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是腦部病變造成的下半身癱瘓（cerebral paraplegia）最常見的原因？", "options": {"A": "前腦動脈梗塞性腦中風（stroke）", "B": "一氧化碳中毒腦病變（encephalopathy）", "C": "腦膜炎（meningoencephalitis）", "D": "大腦鐮腦膜瘤（falx meningioma）"}, "answer": "大腦鐮腦膜瘤（falx meningioma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關人工關節的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "人工關節最大的問題在於與人體組織相容性，裝入人體內日積月累，容易產生異物反應（foreign body reaction），故要定期翻修", "B": "糖尿病或免疫力差的病人不是人工關節感染的高危險群", "C": "人工關節墊片及內襯磨損的問題直接關係其使用年限，目前髖關節陶瓷內襯及陶瓷股骨頭問世，大大減少磨損率", "D": "人工關節感染最常見菌種為綠膿桿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）"}, "answer": "人工關節墊片及內襯磨損的問題直接關係其使用年限，目前髖關節陶瓷內襯及陶瓷股骨頭問世，大大減少磨損率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列細菌何者與食入受汙染的米飯而引起的食物中毒最為相關？", "options": {"A": "腸炎沙門氏菌（Salmonella enterica）", "B": "創傷弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）", "C": "臘狀桿菌（Bacillus cereus）", "D": "大腸桿菌（Escherichia coli）"}, "answer": "臘狀桿菌（Bacillus cereus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關掌內肌群（intrinsic muscles）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "外展拇肌（abductor pollicis）是由正中神經（median nerve）所支配的", "B": "掌短肌（palmaris brevis）是由正中神經（median nerve）所支配的", "C": "背側掌骨間肌（dorsal interossei）是由尺神經（ulnar nerve）所支配的", "D": "蚓狀肌（lumbricals）是由正中神經（median nerve）和尺神經（ulnar nerve）共同支配的"}, "answer": "掌短肌（palmaris brevis）是由正中神經（median nerve）所支配的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "19.有關肺癌的描述，下列何者正確？①adenocarcinoma是最常見的細胞型 ②squamous cell carcinoma 的發生與抽菸最有關聯 ③squamous cell carcinoma常位於靠近肺門中央的位置 ④小細胞肺癌常可以經由手術切除得到治療 ", "options": {"A": "①③④", "B": "①②③", "C": "①②④", "D": "②③④"}, "answer": "①②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "26.6歲大的兒童因為突然暈倒被送到醫院，心電圖顯示如圖，心跳頻率約為200/min。病童的血壓經測量為50/25  mmHg，可以摸到微弱的脈搏但週邊循環不佳，接下來應做的處置為何？\n", "options": {"A": "靜脈快速給與Adenosine治療", "B": "使用冰袋輕輕壓迫前額（Valsalva maneuver）", "C": "使用同步整流術（Synchronized DC cardioversion）治療", "D": "靜脈給與Amiodarone治療"}, "answer": "使用同步整流術（Synchronized DC cardioversion）治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "遺傳性非息肉症大腸癌（hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer-HNPCC）可由 hMSH2 或 hMLH1 基因變異，而影響下列何種 DNA 修復途徑所造成？", "options": {"A": "錯誤配對修復（mismatch repair）", "B": "鹼基切除修復（base excision repair）", "C": "核酸切除修復（nucleotide excision repair）", "D": "雙股斷裂修復（double strand break repair）"}, "answer": "錯誤配對修復（mismatch repair）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "胎盤對於胎兒之生長發育極為重要，此乃由於其能提供猶如成人除了下列何者以外重要器官之功能？", "options": {"A": "腎臟", "B": "腸胃道", "C": "肺臟", "D": "外分泌腺體"}, "answer": "外分泌腺體", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在美國精神醫學會之精神疾患診斷及統計手冊中，下列那一種人格疾患所屬的族類（cluster）與其他三者不同？", "options": {"A": "邊緣型", "B": "反社會型", "C": "妄想型", "D": "戲劇型"}, "answer": "妄想型", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列眼振圖所代表的臨床意義，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "右側美尼爾病（Ménière's disease）", "B": "左側美尼爾病（Ménière's disease）", "C": "右側小腦橋腦角腫瘤（cerebellopontine angle tumor）", "D": "左側小腦橋腦角腫瘤（cerebellopontine angle tumor）"}, "answer": "右側小腦橋腦角腫瘤（cerebellopontine angle tumor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為 ampicillin 與 piperacillin 合併治療 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 感染時誘發抗藥性的原因？", "options": {"A": "piperacillin 抑制 ampicillin 與 penicillin 結合蛋白接觸", "B": "ampicillin 誘發 beta-lactamase 的產生", "C": "piperacillin 抑制 autolytic enzyme 的活性", "D": "ampicillin 係一種 bacteriostatic 作用劑"}, "answer": "ampicillin 誘發 beta-lactamase 的產生", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關呼吸系統，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "鼻腔內之黏膜（mucosa）可以溫暖，濕潤及過濾吸入之空氣", "B": "Bowman's 腺可分泌漿液（serous），以去除已被偵測過之殘餘氣味物質", "C": "鼻腔內之上皮組織屬於過渡性上皮（transitional epithelium）", "D": "嗅上皮（olfactory epithelium）是偽複層柱狀上皮"}, "answer": "鼻腔內之上皮組織屬於過渡性上皮（transitional epithelium）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種激素主要是由腎臟所生成？", "options": {"A": "降鈣素（calcitonin） \t", "B": "血管張力素原（angiotensinogen）", "C": "醛酮素（aldosterone）", "D": "紅血球生成素（erythropoietin）"}, "answer": "紅血球生成素（erythropoietin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲女性，因排尿困難合併外生殖器有疼痛性病灶，臨床診斷為疱疹，這些病灶已融合成皮膚潰瘍。同時有發燒、倦怠、肌肉酸痛及頭痛等症狀。過去並無類似的症狀。下列有關此病人之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "最有可能之診斷是第二型單純疱疹（herpes simplex）", "B": "此疾病預後良好，以後不會復發", "C": "以 acyclovir 治療可以縮短癒合所需時間", "D": "以 acyclovir 治療可以減少復發的嚴重度與頻率"}, "answer": "此疾病預後良好，以後不會復發", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當微血管前小動脈（precapillary arterioles）收縮時，會產生下列何種顯\t變化？", "options": {"A": "微血管的靜水壓（hydrostatic pressure）增加", "B": "微血管的濾過速率（filtration rate）下降", "C": "微血管的血漿膠體滲透壓（colloid osmotic pressure）增加", "D": "組織間液膠體滲透壓（colloid osmotic pressure）上升"}, "answer": "微血管的濾過速率（filtration rate）下降", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關單純性疱疹角膜炎（Herpes simplex keratitis）的敘述，何者較正確？", "options": {"A": "大多因植物性外傷所造成", "B": "與配戴隱形眼鏡有關", "C": "病情緩解後，未來仍可能復發", "D": "抹片檢查，可以看見有革蘭氏染色（Gram's stain）陰性之桿菌"}, "answer": "病情緩解後，未來仍可能復發", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一條神經常在穿過鼠蹊韌帶（inguinal ligament）時受到壓迫，造成病患大腿外側感覺麻痛？", "options": {"A": "股神經（femoral nerve）", "B": "股骨側皮表神經（lateral femoral cutaneous nerve）", "C": "閉孔神經（obturator nerve）", "D": "陰部神經（pudendal nerve）"}, "answer": "股骨側皮表神經（lateral femoral cutaneous nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那三塊肌肉的肌腱一起附\t於脛骨粗隆的內側（medial side of tibial tuberosity）？", "options": {"A": "股薄肌（gracilis）、縫匠肌（sartorius）、半膜肌（semimembranosus）", "B": "股薄肌（gracilis）、縫匠肌（sartorius）、半腱肌（semitendinosus）", "C": "股二頭肌（biceps femoris）、半膜肌（semimembranosus）、半腱肌（semitendinosus）", "D": "內收長肌（adductor longus）、內收短肌（adductor brevis）、內收大肌（adductor magnus）"}, "answer": "股薄肌（gracilis）、縫匠肌（sartorius）、半腱肌（semitendinosus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據統計，全球僅次於 Candida albicans 造成念珠菌菌血症（candidemia）之病原菌為何？", "options": {"A": "Candida krusei", "B": "Candida glabrata", "C": "Candida parapsilosis", "D": "Candida tropicalis"}, "answer": "Candida glabrata", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "86 下列有關補體系統的凝集路徑（lectin pathway）中的關鍵分子 mannan-binding lectin（MBL）的描述 ，何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "可和細菌表面的醣蛋白或碳水化合物結合 \t", "B": "是發炎反應中產生的一種急性蛋白（acute phase protein）", "C": "其功能在補體系統中和 Clq 分子相似 \t", "D": "其所參與的凝集路徑和替代路徑（alternative pathway）的作用機制較相似"}, "answer": "其所參與的凝集路徑和替代路徑（alternative pathway）的作用機制較相似", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "其診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "腸繫膜囊腫 \t", "B": "腹部主動脈瘤 \t", "C": "胰臟尾部腫瘤 \t", "D": "下腔靜脈血栓"}, "answer": "腹部主動脈瘤 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，再經心導管檢查，確定了診斷，對此病患，下列何種手術治療最不適合？", "options": {"A": "體動脈至肺動脈分流術", "B": "肺動脈瓣氣球擴張術 \t", "C": "在體外循環下，作直視下心內修補手術", "D": "肺動脈環縮術"}, "answer": "肺動脈環縮術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關海馬系統（hippocampal formation）之最主要傳出纖維（efferent fiber），可形成下列何構造？", "options": {"A": "穹束（fornix）", "B": "胼胝體（corpus callosum）", "C": "終紋（stria terminalis）", "D": "丘腦髓紋（stria medullaris thalami）"}, "answer": "穹束（fornix）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "與人類子宮頸癌相關性最強的病毒為人類乳頭瘤病毒（human papillomavirus）第幾型？", "options": {"A": "16 及 18", "B": "1 及 2", "C": "6 及 2", "D": "25 及 38"}, "answer": "16 及 18", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種作用與低劑量 Aspirin 預防栓塞型中風（Stroke）有關？", "options": {"A": "抑制血管內皮細胞的 COX-2", "B": "抑制血球細胞的 Lipoxygenase", "C": "抑制血小板的 COX-1", "D": "抑制血小板的 Thromboxane A2 受體"}, "answer": "抑制血小板的 COX-1", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 21 歲大學女生，兩側小腿紅疹、痛感，已有 3 天。檢查看似紅疹，觸診則為結節、稍熱如下圖所示。最可能的臨床診斷為：", "options": {"A": "多型性紅斑（Erythema multiforme）", "B": "結節性紅斑（Erythema nodosum）", "C": "蜂窩性組織炎（Cellulitis）", "D": "遊走性紅斑（Erythema migrans）"}, "answer": "結節性紅斑（Erythema nodosum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "細胞缺氧時，最不可能出現下列何種變化？", "options": {"A": "鈉和水進入細胞", "B": "細胞內pH值下降", "C": "鈣離子由細胞內流出", "D": "細胞內ATP下降"}, "answer": "鈣離子由細胞內流出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 65 歲女性病人，主訴 3 年來右膝關節日益疼痛，以致行動困難，本次就診之右膝關節 X 光攝影及 MRI 影像如圖，最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "類風濕關節炎併骨囊腫（rheumatoid arthritis with bone cyst）", "B": "自發性骨壞死併膝關節炎（spontaneous osteonecrosis with arthritis）", "C": "感染性關節炎併骨囊腫（septic arthritis with bone cyst）", "D": "痛風性關節炎併骨囊腫（gouty arthritis with bone cyst）"}, "answer": "自發性骨壞死併膝關節炎（spontaneous osteonecrosis with arthritis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是腦中風病患使用足踝部副木（splints）的最主要目的？", "options": {"A": "促進足踝部功能的恢復", "B": "防止踝關節腫痛", "C": "矯正步態 \t", "D": "動態副木可以取代癱瘓無力的肌肉"}, "answer": "矯正步態 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列①⾄④項中那些物質運輸⽅向是由⾼濃度到低濃度？", "options": {"A": "①③", "B": "②③", "C": "②④", "D": "①②"}, "answer": "②④", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關家族性高膽固醇症（familial hypercholesterolemia）最主要的致病原因為何？", "options": {"A": "飲食中過度高油脂食物的攝取", "B": "HMG-CoA reductase 基因變異", "C": "正常 LDL receptor 蛋白表現量過高", "D": "LDL receptor 基因變異"}, "answer": "LDL receptor 基因變異", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Dexmedetomidine可提供鎮靜、安眠及止痛作用，其作用機轉為何？", "options": {"A": "γ-amino-butyric acid inhibition", "B": "α2-adrenergic agonist", "C": "µ receptor agonist", "D": "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition"}, "answer": "α2-adrenergic agonist", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "出生三日之嬰兒發生結膜充血、分泌物劇增，且其父母曾有性病史，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "分泌物的抹片檢查，可能有革蘭氏陰性雙球菌 \t", "B": "與產道感染有關", "C": "由於僅為結膜炎，無失明之虞", "D": "治療方針應予 Penicillin G，局部點眼及肌肉注射"}, "answer": "由於僅為結膜炎，無失明之虞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關前哨淋巴結切片術（sentinel lymph node biopsy）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可減少腋下淋巴廓清（axillary lymph node dissection）造成手臂淋巴水腫的發生", "B": "外科醫師執行前哨淋巴結切片術之經\t中，前百例若有偽陰性，不應再執行前哨淋巴結切片術", "C": "乳房全切除（total mastectomy）者亦可做前哨淋巴結切片術", "D": "理學檢查若摸到腋下淋巴結者，不適合做前哨淋巴結切片術"}, "answer": "外科醫師執行前哨淋巴結切片術之經\t中，前百例若有偽陰性，不應再執行前哨淋巴結切片術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關器官移植之分配原則，何者最不適宜？", "options": {"A": "受贈病患醫療需求的迫切程度 \t", "B": "受贈病患於名單上的等候時間", "C": "受贈病患生活型態或行為 \t", "D": "受贈病患與捐贈者組織配對相容性"}, "answer": "受贈病患生活型態或行為 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腹式呼吸通常要配合節奏性的呼吸速率（paced breathing），下列何者是最理想的呼吸節奏？", "options": {"A": "吐氣：吸氣＝4秒：2秒", "B": "吐氣：吸氣＝1秒：2秒", "C": "吐氣：吸氣＝1秒：1秒", "D": "吐氣：吸氣＝2秒：4秒"}, "answer": "吐氣：吸氣＝4秒：2秒", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "老年病人發生吸入性肺炎最不可能之病原菌為：", "options": {"A": "Entoerobacteriaceae \t", "B": "Staphylococcus aureus", "C": "Anaerobic bacteria \t", "D": "Legionella pneumophila"}, "answer": "Legionella pneumophila", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一項不是世代追蹤研究偏差的來源？", "options": {"A": "追蹤漏失率 \t", "B": "暴露組與非暴露組資料蒐集的完整性不同", "C": "稀有暴露 \t", "D": "研究對象不回應者"}, "answer": "稀有暴露 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "那兩個克氏循環（TCA cycle）的中間產物皆可直接經由一次轉胺反應（transamination）合成胺基酸？", "options": {"A": "草醯乙酸（oxaloacetate）與α-酮基戊二酸（α-ketoglutarate）", "B": "檸檬酸（citrate）與琥珀酸（succinate）", "C": "琥珀酸（succinate）與蘋果酸（malate）", "D": "α-酮基戊二酸（α-ketoglutarate）與異檸檬酸（isocitrate）"}, "answer": "草醯乙酸（oxaloacetate）與α-酮基戊二酸（α-ketoglutarate）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何病症是早產兒出生數日內特有的腦部病變？", "options": {"A": "玻璃質膜病（Hyaline membrane disease）", "B": "核黃疸（Kernicterus）", "C": "Hirschsprung 氏病 \t", "D": "Pick 氏病"}, "answer": "核黃疸（Kernicterus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "48歲男性，患有multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1（MEN type 1） 合併hyperparathyroidism，於10年前接受副甲狀腺切除⼿術，之後⾎鈣及iPTH皆正常，惟最近追蹤抽⾎檢查顯⽰：iPTH為132 pg/mL，⾎鈣為10.8 mg/dL，則最適宜的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "secondary hyperparathyroidism", "B": "tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "C": "persistent hyperparathyroidism", "D": "recurrent hyperparathyroidism"}, "answer": "recurrent hyperparathyroidism", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "消化道中那一部分其黏膜下層具有分泌黏液的腺體？", "options": {"A": "十二指腸", "B": "直腸", "C": "胃", "D": "結腸"}, "answer": "十二指腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "上頸神經節（superior cervical ganglion）相對於下列何脊椎骨高度？", "options": {"A": "第一、二頸椎", "B": "第四頸椎", "C": "第六頸椎", "D": "第一胸椎"}, "answer": "第一、二頸椎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位再生不良性貧血病人，雖經過多種治療，病情仍無法改善，經常需要輸注濃縮紅血球，最近抽血檢查發現血鐵質（ferritin）為 3,750 ng/mL，肝功能變差。下列何者是最適當的治療藥物？", "options": {"A": "Dimercaprol", "B": "Penicillamine", "C": "Deferoxamine", "D": "Charcoal"}, "answer": "Deferoxamine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列那一種病媒，性喜產卵於流水中，且其卵呈三角形？", "options": {"A": "虻（deer fly）", "B": "蚋（blackfly）", "C": "采采蠅（tsetse fly）", "D": "蠓（biting midges）"}, "answer": "蚋（blackfly）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於肺腺癌基因突變及標靶治療，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "在東亞肺腺癌，EGFR突變率約10～20%", "B": "有EGFR突變的第四期肺腺癌，可⽤EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor治癒（cure）", "C": "ALK translocation的肺腺癌病⼈年紀中位數（median age），較整體肺腺癌患者的年紀中位數年輕", "D": "ALK translocation之肺腺癌，經標靶治療產⽣抗藥性後，約50～60%產⽣exon 20 T790M突變"}, "answer": "ALK translocation的肺腺癌病⼈年紀中位數（median age），較整體肺腺癌患者的年紀中位數年輕", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "錐鼻蟲（reduviid bug）可以媒介下列何種寄生蟲病？", "options": {"A": "查加斯氏病（Chagas' disease）", "B": "利什曼症（Leishmaniasis）", "C": "睡眠病（Sleeping sickness）", "D": "黑熱病（Kala-azar）"}, "answer": "查加斯氏病（Chagas' disease）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "旋股內側動脈（medial circumflex femoral artery）穿過下列何者，至大腿後面？", "options": {"A": "髂腰肌（iliopsoas）和恥骨肌（pectineus）", "B": "恥骨肌和內收短肌（adductor brevis）", "C": "內收短肌和內收長肌（adductor longus）", "D": "內收長肌和內收大肌（adductor magnus）"}, "answer": "髂腰肌（iliopsoas）和恥骨肌（pectineus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "此病人若接受外科手術治療，下列何項步驟不正確？", "options": {"A": "股動脈至膝動脈繞道手術", "B": "經皮下血管擴張整形術合併血管內人工彌補物（endovascular prosthesis）之置換", "C": "主動脈至兩側股動脈繞道手術", "D": "腋動脈至股動脈繞道手術"}, "answer": "股動脈至膝動脈繞道手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "有關血栓性栓塞（thromboembolism）於懷孕婦女的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "年齡大（尤其是 35 歲以上）的懷孕婦女發生靜脈栓塞較高", "B": "深部靜脈栓塞與肺栓塞在懷孕及剛生產後的婦女，發生率比未懷孕婦女高", "C": "Technetium-99m 肺灌注和肺換氣檢查（V/Q scan），一般而言，對胎兒是安全的", "D": "對於懷孕婦女深部靜脈栓塞或肺栓塞，建議使用 warfarin 治療，以維護胎兒安全"}, "answer": "對於懷孕婦女深部靜脈栓塞或肺栓塞，建議使用 warfarin 治療，以維護胎兒安全", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "升結腸（ascending colon）部位之大腸癌病人最常表現下列何種臨床症狀？", "options": {"A": "便血（hematochezia）", "B": "大便習慣改變", "C": "裏急後重（tenesmus）", "D": "貧血"}, "answer": "貧血", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "新生兒紅斑性狼瘡（Neonatal lupus erythematous）由母體內何種自體抗體，經胎盤傳給胎兒所引起？", "options": {"A": "ANA", "B": "anti-ds-DNA", "C": "anti-Sm", "D": "anti-Ro/SS-A"}, "answer": "anti-Ro/SS-A", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "先天性遺傳代謝疾病患童常散發出特異性體味，下列之對應組合中何者最不正確？", "options": {"A": "苯酮尿症（phenylketonuria）- 霉臭味（musty odor）", "B": "異戊酸血症（isovaleric acidemia）- 腳\t臭味（sweaty feet odor）", "C": "酪胺酸血症（tyrosinemia）- 泳池消毒水味（swimming pool odor）", "D": "三甲基胺尿症（trimethylaminuria）- 腐魚味（rotten fish odor）"}, "answer": "酪胺酸血症（tyrosinemia）- 泳池消毒水味（swimming pool odor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "腹部受傷機轉不同，可能有不同器官傷害，且受傷頻率不一，路人甲發生車禍造成腹部鈍傷（blunt injury）和路人乙腹部遭受槍擊傷（gunshot injury）時，他們最常受傷的器官分別是：", "options": {"A": "鈍傷時為脾臟；槍擊傷時是肝臟", "B": "鈍傷時為肝臟；槍擊傷時是脾臟", "C": "鈍傷時為脾臟；槍擊傷時是小腸", "D": "鈍傷時為小腸；槍擊傷時是胰臟"}, "answer": "鈍傷時為脾臟；槍擊傷時是小腸", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者是診斷卵黃囊瘤（yolk sac tumor）最常用的血清標記？", "options": {"A": "甲型胎兒蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein）", "B": "癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen）", "C": "人類絨毛膜促性腺激素（ human chorionic gonadotropin）", "D": "胎盤鹼性磷酸酶（ placental alkaline phosphatase）"}, "answer": "甲型胎兒蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位20歲的陳姓大學生，參加露營活動，平日健康狀況良好。在搬一箱20公斤重的飲料，突然覺得腰痛，當天晚上腰痛加劇，且蔓延至右腳也呈現酸麻、無力，隔天他到門診求助。其最可能的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "右脛骨神經（tibial nerve）病變", "B": "右腓骨神經（peroneal nerve）病變", "C": "右股神經（femoral nerve）病變", "D": "右側腰椎神經根病變"}, "answer": "右側腰椎神經根病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列藥物可用於治療急性無機汞鹽（inorganic mercury salts）中毒，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "unithiol", "B": "dimercaprol", "C": "succimer", "D": "D-dimethylcysteine"}, "answer": "D-dimethylcysteine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，檢查報告診斷為胃食道逆流（GERD）合併裂孔疝氣（Hiatal hernia），以下何種治療不會考慮在內？", "options": {"A": "減重 \t", "B": "床頭墊高 15 度", "C": "投與 PPI（Proton pump inhibitor）治療", "D": "螺旋桿菌治療（H.P. eradication）"}, "answer": "螺旋桿菌治療（H.P. eradication）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種腫瘤最少見於前縱隔腔？", "options": {"A": "何杰金氏淋巴瘤（Hodgkin lymphoma）", "B": "生殖細胞腫瘤（germ cell tumor）", "C": "副甲狀腺瘤（parathyroid adenoma）", "D": "節細胞神經母細胞瘤（ganglioneuroblastoma）"}, "answer": "節細胞神經母細胞瘤（ganglioneuroblastoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "HIV-1 經由黏膜感染進入人體時，主要藉由何種細胞攜帶進入淋巴結？", "options": {"A": "NK cell", "B": "CD8 T cell", "C": "Dendritic cell", "D": "CD4 T cell"}, "answer": "Dendritic cell", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 30 歲女性，胰臟尾部有一個 7 公分大的囊狀腫瘤而接受腫瘤切除手術。手術時發現腫瘤並未與胰管相通。切除標本切面外觀可見其為一個多囊狀腫瘤，內含黏稠液體。顯微鏡下可見腫瘤囊壁由一單層柱狀上皮覆蓋，在上皮下有一層緻密的間質細胞存在。上皮細胞的細胞核位於細胞底部並不濃染，且無明顯多形性存在。下列何者是最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "Pseudocyst \t", "B": "Serous cystadenoma", "C": "Mucinous cystadenoma", "D": "Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm"}, "answer": "Mucinous cystadenoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列藥物之主要作用為降低血漿 triglyceride，何者除外？", "options": {"A": "niacin", "B": "fenofibrate", "C": "cholestyramine", "D": "gemfibrozil"}, "answer": "cholestyramine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "32 24 歲男性的右手腕關節疼痛腫脹有二個月之久。他本人不記得右手有受傷過，經服用消炎片雖有止痛效果，但是該關節越來越惡化而無法彎曲。X 光檢查如附圖。抽取關節液檢查發現：WBC  mg/dL，顯微鏡觀察無結晶物發現。最適切的診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "Rheumatoid arthritis \t \t", "B": "Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease", "C": "Infectious arthritis", "D": "Complex regional pain syndrome"}, "answer": "Infectious arthritis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是熱療（heat therapy）的治療效果？", "options": {"A": "血管擴張", "B": "肌肉韌帶鬆弛", "C": "代謝率增加", "D": "疼痛閾值降低"}, "answer": "疼痛閾值降低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 42 歲婦女主訴頭痛，喉嚨痛和鼻充血帶有綠色黏狀分泌液已三天。但否認有發燒，胃腸症狀以及季節性過敏，或與病人接觸史。身體檢查：體溫 36.8℃，脈搏 82 次/分，呼吸 16 次/分，血壓 124/76 毫米汞柱，後口咽部呈現輕度發紅及腫脹，頸部柔軟，無淋巴節腫大，呼吸聲正常。被診斷為鼻竇炎（rhinosinusitis），其最常見的原因為何？", "options": {"A": "鼻病毒（rhinovirus）", "B": "肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）", "C": "流行感冒嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae）", "D": "卡他莫拉克氏菌（Moraxella catarrhalis）"}, "answer": "鼻病毒（rhinovirus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何種 DNA 病毒可在感染人體之後，建立\"潛伏性感染＂（latent infection）？", "options": {"A": "EB 病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）", "B": "反轉錄病毒（Retrovirus）", "C": "冠狀病毒（Coronavirus）", "D": "呼吸道腸道病毒（Reovirus）"}, "answer": "EB 病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "小威的媽媽問醫生小威的氣喘病那時候才會好，醫生回答氣喘病是呼吸道組織持續的發炎反應，臨床不一定會有明顯症狀，但組織的發炎反應可能持續幾天甚至好幾年。下列何者不是造成慢性持續發炎的原因？", "options": {"A": "反覆的過敏原接觸刺激過敏反應細胞如肥大細胞（mast cell），嗜伊紅性細胞（eosinophil）產生反應", "B": "第二型輔助T細胞（Th2）分泌細胞素如介白質-13（interleukin-13, IL-13），IL-5等而使上述的過敏反應細胞存活更久", "C": "介白質-5（IL-5）會誘使肥大細胞（mast cell）前驅物分化，而使肥大細胞增生，進而破壞局部組織", "D": "組織的重模組化（remodeling）造成氣管不可逆的組織變化而使疾病成慢性且持續"}, "answer": "介白質-5（IL-5）會誘使肥大細胞（mast cell）前驅物分化，而使肥大細胞增生，進而破壞局部組織", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "關於化學性灼傷（chemical burn），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "所有的化學性灼傷都應該立即除去患處衣物並大量沖水", "B": "嚴重酸性化學灼傷若引起血中酸鹼值異常及呼吸困難，可能需要氣管內插管及使用呼吸機（ventilator）協助呼吸", "C": "氫氟酸（hydrofluoric acid）灼傷應立即以2.5%葡萄糖酸鈣凝膠（calcium gluconate gel）局部患處治療", "D": "水泥灼傷是酸性化學灼傷"}, "answer": "水泥灼傷是酸性化學灼傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "6.75歲男性病人，抽菸10年以上，使用calcium channel blocker 治療高血壓10年，胸痛接受顯影劑注射冠狀動脈攝影，檢查前血液肌酸酐1.0 mg/dL，檢查結果發現嚴重冠狀動脈硬化，3 天後的血液肌酸酐1.1 mg/dL，7天後發生加速型的高血壓（accelerated hypertension）及少尿而住院。住院當天的理學檢查，高血壓視網膜病變、心臟擴大、下肢脈搏正常，但有皮膚 網狀青斑（livedo reticularis），血液嗜伊紅性白血球增加、補體下降、肌酸酐3.0 mg/dL，尿液紅血球6～10/HPF，蛋白質1+。最可能的診斷是： \n", "options": {"A": "顯影劑腎病變（contrast nephropathy）", "B": "腎臟粥狀樣栓塞（atheroembolic renal disease） \t", "C": "腎動脈狹窄（renal artery stenosis）", "D": "腎靜脈栓塞（renal vein thrombosis）"}, "answer": "腎臟粥狀樣栓塞（atheroembolic renal disease） \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關膽汁中之菌落的敘述，下列何者為誤？", "options": {"A": "在沒有膽結石或其他病灶存在的情況下，膽囊中的膽汁一般是無菌的", "B": "慢性膽囊炎的患者膽汁中培養出細菌的比率較急性膽囊炎者高", "C": "有症狀之膽結石患者，膽汁中最常培養出之細菌為 E. coli 及 Klebsiella 等格蘭氏陰性菌", "D": "膽結石合併總膽管結石者，膽汁中培養出細菌的比率較不合併總膽管結石者高"}, "answer": "慢性膽囊炎的患者膽汁中培養出細菌的比率較急性膽囊炎者高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "維持喉部氣道功能最重要之肌肉為何？", "options": {"A": "甲狀杓骨肌（Thyroarytenoid muscle）", "B": "後環杓肌（Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle）", "C": "外環杓肌（Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle）", "D": "環甲肌（Cricothyroid muscle）"}, "answer": "後環杓肌（Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一對夫婦來看不孕症門診，檢查結果唯一不正常的是精液；精蟲數 14,000,000/mL，活動力 25%，正常形態 23%。你會建議先做什麼治療？", "options": {"A": "clomiphene citrate \t \t", "B": "in vitro fertilization（IVF）", "C": "intrauterine insemination with washed husband's sperm", "D": "insemination with donor sperm"}, "answer": "intrauterine insemination with washed husband's sperm", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "40 歲女性罹患混合型尿失禁（mixed incontinence），病人主訴急迫性尿失禁的程度比應力性尿失禁嚴重，初步的治療選擇應該是：", "options": {"A": "使用甲型交感神經拮抗劑（α-adrenergic antagonist）", "B": "膠原蛋白（collagen）注射於尿道", "C": "施行恥骨陰道吊帶術（pubovaginal sling），因為此手術是治療混合型尿失禁最理想的手術方法", "D": "修正飲水習慣，並教導與鼓勵做骨盆底肌運動"}, "answer": "修正飲水習慣，並教導與鼓勵做骨盆底肌運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一項對足月新生兒清醒時是不正常的？", "options": {"A": "心跳每分鐘72下", "B": "呼吸每分鐘40次", "C": "體溫37.5℃", "D": "前囟門平坦"}, "answer": "心跳每分鐘72下", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "42 歲女性，G5P4，妊娠 18 週，其胎兒腦部超音波檢查發現「香蕉徵」（banana sign），請問下列診斷中何者最為可能？", "options": {"A": "唐氏症 \t", "B": "神經管缺損", "C": "無腦兒 \t", "D": "透納氏徵候群（45, X）"}, "answer": "神經管缺損", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "當最大的光線強度刺激時，會使視網膜上的光感受細胞（photoreceptor cells）膜電位趨近於下列何者？", "options": {"A": "鈉離子的平衡電位", "B": "鉀離子的平衡電位", "C": "鈣離子的平衡電位", "D": "0 mV"}, "answer": "鉀離子的平衡電位", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "依現行身心障礙者權益保護法，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "各級政府機關及公營事業機構員工總人數在34人以上者，進用具有就業能力之身心障礙者人數，不得低於員工總人數3%", "B": "公共停車場應保留2%停車位，作為行動不便之身心障礙者專用停車位", "C": "身心障礙者進入收費之公營風景區、康樂場所或文教設施，憑身心障礙證明應予半價優待", "D": "各級政府應至少每五年舉辦身心障礙者之生活狀況、保健醫療、特殊教育、就業與訓練等需求評估及服務調查研究"}, "answer": "身心障礙者進入收費之公營風景區、康樂場所或文教設施，憑身心障礙證明應予半價優待", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 45 歲女性，G3P2，妊娠 30 週，急診就醫，主訴突然大量陰道出血合併劇烈下腹部疼痛，無任何內外科疾病史，血壓 180/110 mmHg，子宮劇痛硬如木板，最可能的診斷為：", "options": {"A": "葡萄胎", "B": "胎盤早期剝離", "C": "植入性胎盤", "D": "子宮外孕"}, "answer": "胎盤早期剝離", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列關於真核生物 RNA 的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "5'-cap 可保護 mRNA 的端點，增加其穩定性", "B": "rRNA 及 tRNA 均無 5'-cap", "C": "mRNA 之 3' poly（A）序列是依循模板（template）DNA 上 poly（T）而來", "D": "histone 的 mRNA 沒有 3' poly（A）序列"}, "answer": "mRNA 之 3' poly（A）序列是依循模板（template）DNA 上 poly（T）而來", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有關以公權力推動強制性的衛生政策之倫理原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "所採用的手段必須能夠達到政策目的", "B": "所要達成的公共利益與所犧牲的個人利益之間要符合比例", "C": "即使必須犧牲個人利益，仍應採取最小侵害手段", "D": "即使某些衛生政策可能犧牲個人自由，但為了當事人的健康，也為了國民健康，衛生主管機關仍然應該毫無例外地推動這些政策"}, "answer": "即使某些衛生政策可能犧牲個人自由，但為了當事人的健康，也為了國民健康，衛生主管機關仍然應該毫無例外地推動這些政策", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種反應條件，酵素可達到其催化之最高速度？", "options": {"A": "反應物濃度＜Km \t", "B": "反應物濃度＝Km \t", "C": "所有酵素均與反應物結合", "D": "溫度達到 100℃"}, "answer": "所有酵素均與反應物結合", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "橈神經（radial nerve）在大圓肌（teres major）下方處受到傷害，通常也會傷及與其伴行的那一條血管？", "options": {"A": "肱動脈（brachial artery）", "B": "深肱動脈（deep brachial artery）", "C": "前迴旋肱動脈（anterior circumflex humeral artery）", "D": "後迴旋肱動脈（posterior circumflex humeral artery）"}, "answer": "深肱動脈（deep brachial artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "關於中央靜脈導管置放術（central venous catheterization）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "一般就成功率而言，經外頸靜脈置放的成功率遠比經內頸靜脈置放的成功率高", "B": "若需要長期使用考量，則經鎖骨下靜脈置放中央靜脈導管比經由股靜脈置放要來的適當", "C": "置放中央靜脈導管時，以頭低腳高的姿勢（Trendelenburg position），可使內頸靜脈血管較易鼓脹、較易成功置放，且可以減少發生空氣栓塞的機會", "D": "中央靜脈導管置放術可能產生氣胸（pneumothorax）、乳糜胸（chylothorax）等併發症"}, "answer": "一般就成功率而言，經外頸靜脈置放的成功率遠比經內頸靜脈置放的成功率高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於非小細胞肺癌之治療敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Stage I 之肺癌以外科手術為主", "B": "Stage II 之肺癌以外科手術為主，可考慮化學及放射治療為輔", "C": "Stage IIIb 之肺癌以化學及放射治療為主", "D": "bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 不適合手術"}, "answer": "bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 不適合手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 24 歲女性月經不規則來門診求診，懷孕試驗呈陰性反應，荷爾蒙檢查發現甲狀腺、泌乳激素正常，但是黃體激素大於濾泡激素 2 倍，超音波發現為多囊性卵巢，要如何治療？", "options": {"A": "服用避孕藥 \t", "B": "給予性腺刺激素（gonadotropin）", "C": "給予皮下注射降血糖藥物", "D": "做子宮擴刮術（D & C）"}, "answer": "服用避孕藥 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列早期胰臟腺癌症狀之敘述，何者最常見？", "options": {"A": "無症狀", "B": "腹痛", "C": "發燒", "D": "黃疸"}, "answer": "無症狀", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關胃部分切除（partial gastrectomy）病人之敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "餐後四小時易引起血糖過高現象", "B": "餐後易發生虛弱、暈眩及盜\t現象", "C": "餐後易發生血壓上升現象", "D": "甜食可避免餐後的不適"}, "answer": "餐後易發生虛弱、暈眩及盜\t現象", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "正常情況下，水分的通透性（permeability）在下列何處最大？", "options": {"A": "亨利氏彎管的細下降枝（thin descending limb）", "B": "亨利氏彎管的細上升枝（thin ascending limb）", "C": "亨利氏彎管的粗上升枝（thick ascending limb）", "D": "集尿管（collecting duct）的髓質部（inner medullary portion）"}, "answer": "亨利氏彎管的細下降枝（thin descending limb）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "80 李先生因為家人有癌症病史，所以到 A 醫院的健康檢查中心作全身健康檢查，檢查項目除了抽血之 外還有胃鏡和大腸鏡的檢查，依照醫療法規定，李先生需不需要寫同意書？ \n", "options": {"A": "不需要，只有在手術和麻醉時才要", "B": "需要，侵入性檢查需要書面同意", "C": "不需要，侵入性檢查只需要口頭同意即可", "D": "不需要，侵入性檢查只需要事後同意即可"}, "answer": "需要，侵入性檢查需要書面同意", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關慢性腎臟病的治療，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "若患者合併高血壓，其降血壓藥物首選為乙型阻斷劑（β-blocker）", "B": "若患者合併退化關節炎，可使用非類固醇類抗發炎藥物（NSAID）來止痛", "C": "患有重度蛋白尿之糖尿病慢性腎臟病患，最好合併使用血管張力素轉化酶抑制劑（ACEi）和血管張力素II型受體拮抗劑（ARB）來治療", "D": "患有蛋白尿之第4期慢性腎臟病患者，應採用低蛋白飲食療法"}, "answer": "患有蛋白尿之第4期慢性腎臟病患者，應採用低蛋白飲食療法", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 56 歲女性，軀幹及四肢出現靶心狀病灶（target lesions），口腔糜爛、眼結膜紅腫、會陰部糜爛、身體發燒，最有可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "疱疹性皮膚炎（dermatitis herpetiformis）", "B": "史蒂芬-強森症候群（Stevens-Johnson syndrome）", "C": "尋常性天疱瘡（pemphigus vulgaris）", "D": "膿疱性乾癬（pustular psoriasis）"}, "answer": "史蒂芬-強森症候群（Stevens-Johnson syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是骨盆底（pelvic floor）最主要的支撐（support）構造？", "options": {"A": "子宮薦骨韌帶（uterosacral ligaments）", "B": "提肛肌（levator ani muscle）", "C": "骨盆（bony pelvis） \t", "D": "圓韌帶（round ligaments）"}, "answer": "提肛肌（levator ani muscle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關小胖威利症候群（Prader-Willi Syndrome）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "母源性（maternal）染色體15q11-q13缺失", "B": "新生兒及嬰兒期會有嚴重低張力與餵食困難", "C": "小手與小腳（small hands and feet）", "D": "性腺機能不足（hypogonadism）"}, "answer": "母源性（maternal）染色體15q11-q13缺失", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，下列對霍亂弧菌的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "對酸的耐受性高 \t", "B": "所產生的神經毒素會刺激腸道的蠕動", "C": "人類是此菌唯一的天然宿主", "D": "無法生長於未添加鹽的培養基"}, "answer": "人類是此菌唯一的天然宿主", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種細胞表面辨識抗原的受體（receptor）為免疫球蛋白？", "options": {"A": "T 淋巴細胞", "B": "B 淋巴細胞", "C": "巨噬細胞", "D": "自然殺手細胞"}, "answer": "B 淋巴細胞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關老年病人的評估，下列敘述何者正確？", "options": {"A": "Mini-Mental State Examination主要用來篩檢憂鬱症（depression）", "B": "Mini-Cog test包括「倒背數\t」與「系列減法」兩部分", "C": "Timed up-and-go test用於評估行走與平衡能力", "D": "備餐、沐浴、移位、服藥等能力皆是基本日常生活活動功能（basic activities of daily living）的評估項目"}, "answer": "Timed up-and-go test用於評估行走與平衡能力", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "運動測試可以用來評估心肌梗塞後病患能否回到工作崗位。如果受試者想重回辦公室工作、不須負重或頻繁走動，則運動測試時其最大攝氧量至少須達多少代謝當量（Metabolic Equivalents, METs）？", "options": {"A": "3-4", "B": "5-7", "C": "8-10", "D": "11-13"}, "answer": "5-7", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "40歲男性，在右大腳趾出現如圖所示之表徵，有一年之久，最適切之診斷為：", "options": {"A": "subungual hematoma", "B": "subungual melanoma", "C": "subungual pigmented nevus", "D": "friction induced melanonychia"}, "answer": "subungual melanoma", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "3 歲右撇子男孩，剛學自己用餐，家人卻發現他左手固定於輕度內旋而無法外旋捧碗就口，右前臂卻活動自如，於醫院照左前臂 X 光如下圖，最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "先天性橈骨頭脫臼（congenital radial head dislocation）", "B": "先天性尺骨杵狀手（congenital ulnar club hand）", "C": "先天性橈尺骨黏合（congenital radioulnar synostosis）", "D": "創傷後肘內翻（post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity）"}, "answer": "先天性橈尺骨黏合（congenital radioulnar synostosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列各種感覺及其受器，何者最不容易因持續刺激而發生傳導適應現象（adaptation）？", "options": {"A": "壓覺；pacinian corpuscles", "B": "本體感覺；muscle spindles", "C": "嗅覺；olfactory receptor cells", "D": "聽覺；hair cell receptors"}, "answer": "本體感覺；muscle spindles", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Limbic system 中與恐懼情緒（fear）關係密切之結構為何？", "options": {"A": "thalamus", "B": "hippocampus", "C": "fornix", "D": "amygdaloid nuclei"}, "answer": "amygdaloid nuclei", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "77.一位30歲的男性工人從6公尺高的鷹架墜落，身體檢查顯示收縮壓120 mmHg，右胸有明顯的連迦胸（flail  chest），嚴重的呼吸窘迫（severe respiratory distress），右胸呼吸聲音稍微降低，叩診時則左右兩側類似。給予非再呼吸型面罩氧氣15 L/min後，其動脈氣體分析為pH：7.47，PaO2：65 mmHg，PaCO2：28 mmHg；下列何者最可能解釋他的異常動脈氣體分析之原因？ \n", "options": {"A": "疼痛", "B": "合併腹部創傷", "C": "心包膜積血", "D": "肺挫傷"}, "answer": "肺挫傷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何構造損傷，最可能導致感覺型失語症（sensory aphasia）？", "options": {"A": "上丘（superior colliculus）", "B": "弓狀束（arcuate fasciculus）", "C": "渥尼克區(Wernicke area)", "D": "前聯合（anterior commissure）"}, "answer": "渥尼克區(Wernicke area)", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "13 一位 73 歲纖瘦婦女，腹部反覆絞痛 3 個月，最近 3 天逐漸腹脹及無排氣、無大便。過去病史：多年前子宮頸癌根治性子宮卵巢切除術及化放療後。住院生命徵象：血壓 110 / 70 mmHg、心跳 130/分、寡尿。理學檢查：脫水、腹脹、腸蠕動加劇且聽診發現有金屬音（metallic sound），腹部呈瀰漫性壓痛。實驗室數據：Hb 13.2 gm/dL、WBC 12000/mm3、血清 amylase 600 U/L、Na 127 mEq/L。腹部 X 光顯示小腸擴大且無大腸氣。則其最可能的診斷為何？ \n", "options": {"A": "機械性腸阻塞（mechanical obstruction）", "B": "麻痺性腸阻塞（paralytic ileus）", "C": "急性胰臟炎（acute pancreatitis）", "D": "上腸繫動脈阻塞（SMA occlusion）"}, "answer": "機械性腸阻塞（mechanical obstruction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位三個月大男嬰因為咳嗽一週住院，呼吸道分泌物檢驗出有砂眼披衣菌（Chlamydia trachomatis）抗原，這位男嬰最可能也有下列那一種臨床表現？", "options": {"A": "肝脾腫大 \t", "B": "曾有新生兒結膜炎 \t", "C": "持續高燒七天 \t", "D": "胸部 X 光有實質化（consolidation）變化"}, "answer": "曾有新生兒結膜炎 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者是骨重新塑形過程後殘存的構造？", "options": {"A": "外環周骨板（Outer circum ferential lamellae）", "B": "哈維氏管（Haversian canal）", "C": "間骨板（Interstitial lamellae）", "D": "內環周骨板（Inner circum ferential lamellae）"}, "answer": "間骨板（Interstitial lamellae）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不會抑制甲促素（TSH）之分泌？", "options": {"A": "糖皮素", "B": "體抑素", "C": "乳促素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "乳促素", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 74 歲女性由家人陪同入急診求醫。主訴為一天前開始腹瀉，約有 10 次，黏液狀（mucoid）糞便。家人無同樣症狀。腹部偶爾會有絞痛感，無嘔吐，無發燒。病人 10 天前因為肺炎住院，前二天才出院，帶回家口服使用的藥物有 Augmentin（amoxicillin with clavulanic acid）與 acetaminophen，除此以外無使用其他藥物。依以上病史，你認為以下何者是最有可能造成此次腹瀉的病原？", "options": {"A": "Staphylococcus aureus", "B": "Clostridium difficile", "C": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "D": "Norwalk virus"}, "answer": "Clostridium difficile", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "Infliximab 單株抗體可用於 Crohn's disease 之緩解，其主要作用之標的為何？", "options": {"A": "interferon", "B": "IL-2", "C": "TNF-α", "D": "LTB4"}, "answer": "TNF-α", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，如第一步檢查是正常，肛門指診帶有暗紅色的血便，接下來要作：", "options": {"A": "血管攝影", "B": "直腸鏡", "C": "大腸鋇劑攝影", "D": "插鼻胃管"}, "answer": "直腸鏡", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": " 下列何者是活化態維生素D的分子結構？", "options": {"A": "1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol", "B": "7-dehydrocholesterol", "C": "25-hydroxycholecalciferol", "D": "cholecalciferol"}, "answer": "1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於藥物動力學的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "親脂性藥物較親水性藥物容易被身體快速吸收", "B": "藥物可藉由細胞與細胞之間的水性孔（aqueous pores）進行被動滲透，可容許的最大分子量為不超過", "C": "藥物可藉由與細胞膜上特定載體結合而通過細胞膜進入細胞", "D": "藥物可以藉由胞吞作用（endocytosis）進入細胞"}, "answer": "藥物可藉由細胞與細胞之間的水性孔（aqueous pores）進行被動滲透，可容許的最大分子量為不超過", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關「腫瘤細胞逃避宿主CD8淋巴細胞攻擊」的敘述，那一項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "腫瘤細胞抑制本身MHC（major histocompatibility complex）class II分子的表現", "B": "腫瘤細胞不表現可引發免疫反應的抗原", "C": "腫瘤細胞可分泌抑制T細胞活化的細胞激素", "D": "腫瘤細胞群能形成特殊環境不讓CD8淋巴細胞浸潤"}, "answer": "腫瘤細胞抑制本身MHC（major histocompatibility complex）class II分子的表現", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "44 \n 3 \n 陰性 \n 0 \n 98 \n", "options": {"A": "84%", "B": "94%", "C": "97%", "D": "100%"}, "answer": "94%", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列情況使用angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor（ACEI）比較容易發生急性腎衰竭，但何者例外？", "options": {"A": "雙側腎動脈狹窄", "B": "合併使用鈣離子阻斷劑", "C": "使用大量利尿劑治療鬱血性心衰竭", "D": "合併使用非類固醇消炎劑"}, "answer": "合併使用鈣離子阻斷劑", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是學者Jonsen等⼈⽤來解決臨床醫學個案問題的四主題法或四象限法（four topics or four boxes method）的內容？", "options": {"A": "不傷害原則（nonmaleficience）", "B": "醫療適應症（medical indications）", "C": "病⼈偏好（patient preferences）", "D": "⽣活品質（quality of life）"}, "answer": "不傷害原則（nonmaleficience）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一項處置最不會增加住院病人醫療照護相關感染肺炎（healthcare-associated pneumonia）的風險？", "options": {"A": "儘量讓病人平躺以維持住院的舒適度", "B": "給與麻醉藥物（narcotics）全天止痛", "C": "為方便抽痰延長使用氣管內插管（endotracheal intubation）", "D": "使用口服sucralfate藥物治療胃炎"}, "answer": "使用口服sucralfate藥物治療胃炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "Methenamine 被用於預防尿道細菌感染之藥劑，但其缺乏全身性抗菌作用，原因為何？", "options": {"A": "口服無法吸收進入血液循環", "B": "迅速被肝臟酵素代謝", "C": "在低 pH 值尿液中才能轉化成 formaldehyde", "D": "大量與血漿蛋白結合"}, "answer": "在低 pH 值尿液中才能轉化成 formaldehyde", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列對於透納氏症（Turner syndrome）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "透納氏症女性身材矮小，成人身高一般不超過 150 公分", "B": "透納氏症女性於 1959 年被證實為細胞染色體核型（karyotype）45X，或嵌合型（mosaic）", "C": "透納氏症的發生率為 1/2500", "D": "透納氏症女性的特徵為蹼頸、盾狀胸、主動脈瓣膜缺損以及嚴重智力障礙"}, "answer": "透納氏症女性的特徵為蹼頸、盾狀胸、主動脈瓣膜缺損以及嚴重智力障礙", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關葡萄胎（hydatidiform mole）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在超音波檢查下，常見子宮腔內呈暴風雪（snow storm）樣影像", "B": "母親年齡較大懷孕是危險因子", "C": "患者有時會有嚴重噁心、嘔吐現象，血液中 hCG 值很高", "D": "完全性葡萄胎因轉為絨毛膜癌機會很高，治療應以全子宮切除手術為佳"}, "answer": "完全性葡萄胎因轉為絨毛膜癌機會很高，治療應以全子宮切除手術為佳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是氧氣治療（oxygen therapy）引起的併發症？", "options": {"A": "absorption atelectasis", "B": "在COPD的病人容易引起hyperventilation", "C": "bronchopulmonary dysplasia", "D": "在新生兒常引起retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）"}, "answer": "在COPD的病人容易引起hyperventilation", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "67 面對一位外籍勞工因病來診，在醫病間之認知及溝通有所困難時，Berlin 及 Fowker 提出有用之溝通 方式\"LEARN＂Model，有關 LEARN Model 之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "L 代表 listen，傾聽病人之敘述", "B": "E 代表 explain，解釋給病人聽", "C": "A 代表 ask，要求病人多提供資料", "D": "R 代表 recommend，綜合病人敘述及醫師意見提出建議"}, "answer": "A 代表 ask，要求病人多提供資料", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位微生物實驗室助理吳小姐 25 歲，右手食指指甲發展成類似灰指甲（Onychomycosis）症狀有 6 個月，但感染指甲周邊皮膚並沒有脫皮、起水泡或搔癢。吳小姐自小學起就有咬指甲之習慣，最近發現指甲變得很醜，於是到醫院皮膚科就診。皮膚科醫師以指甲剪取樣，其中一部分在門診以 10% KOH 處理並且以顯微鏡觀察，結果顯示指甲中有酵母菌（Yeast）、及長短不一之菌絲（Hyphae）。兩星期後指甲培養之結果出來，感染之病原菌很可能是一種平滑（Smooth）菌落、乳白色（Creamy）、出芽型酵母菌（Budding yeast）；有假菌絲（Pseudohyphae）及芽管（Germ tube）產生，PCR 分析也證明該菌之種類。於是醫師就開 Terbinafine 口服處方，兩個月後吳小姐的指甲也就復原。該菌最可能是下列那一病原？", "options": {"A": "Trichophyton rubrum \t", "B": "Epidermophyton floccosum", "C": "Microsporum canis \t", "D": "Candida albicans"}, "answer": "Candida albicans", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "29.下列選項中，心臟科醫師會優先選擇，由何處進入施行心臟冠狀動脈的氣球擴張術（percutaneous  transluminal coronary angioplasty）？ \n", "options": {"A": "股動脈（femoral artery）", "B": "股靜脈（femoral vein）", "C": "大隱靜脈（great saphenous vein）", "D": "小隱靜脈（small saphenous vein）"}, "answer": "股動脈（femoral artery）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者受坐骨神經（sciatic nerve）支配？", "options": {"A": "內收長肌（adductor longus）", "B": "恥骨肌（pectineus）", "C": "股薄肌（gracilis） \t", "D": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）"}, "answer": "內收大肌（adductor magnus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在臺灣引起肝膿瘍最常見的細菌為何？", "options": {"A": "幽門螺旋桿菌（H. pylori）", "B": "大腸桿菌（E. coli）", "C": "金黃色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）", "D": "克雷白氏肺炎桿菌（K. pneumoniae）"}, "answer": "克雷白氏肺炎桿菌（K. pneumoniae）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "無精蟲症是男性不孕症原因之一，如精液檢\t發現無精蟲症時，下列何者為最佳做法？", "options": {"A": "解釋無精蟲症可能原因之後，休息數星期後再次檢\t精液或抽血檢查", "B": "安排睪丸切片，用以分析阻塞性或非阻塞性無精蟲症", "C": "安排單一精蟲注射試管嬰兒", "D": "告知領養小孩是唯一選擇"}, "answer": "解釋無精蟲症可能原因之後，休息數星期後再次檢\t精液或抽血檢查", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "大部分小兒外科醫師建議隱睪症兒童在什麼年齡接受手術？", "options": {"A": "1 個月", "B": "6 個月", "C": "1 歲", "D": "3 歲"}, "answer": "1 歲", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何種毒物，會阻斷鈉離子通道而抑制神經動作電位之傳導？", "options": {"A": "botulinum toxin", "B": "ω-conotoxin GVIA", "C": "α-latrotoxin", "D": "tetrodotoxin"}, "answer": "tetrodotoxin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "B細胞被抗原刺激後，細胞膜上之免疫球蛋白可轉變成分泌型抗體，其機制為何？", "options": {"A": "DNA重組（DNA recombination）", "B": "RNA剪接（RNA splicing）", "C": "蛋白分解酶（protease）切割", "D": "蛋白激酶（protein kinase）修飾"}, "answer": "RNA剪接（RNA splicing）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種狀況可促進周邊組織中氧氣和血紅素的解離？", "options": {"A": "運動", "B": "pH 值 7.6", "C": "二氧化碳分壓降低", "D": "溫度下降"}, "answer": "運動", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列那一項是最能證明愛滋病預防教育執行成功的指標？", "options": {"A": "民眾從事安全性行為（使用保險套）的比率提高", "B": "愛滋病患的病情在臨床上獲得有效控制", "C": "醫院發出愛滋病預防教育單張的數量增加", "D": "參加愛滋病衛生教育活動的人數增多"}, "answer": "民眾從事安全性行為（使用保險套）的比率提高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "單內醯胺（monobactam）屬於β-內醯胺類的抗生素，但與其他同類藥物相較，其抗菌範圍較為狹窄只可對抗何類細菌？", "options": {"A": "革蘭氏陰性厭氧菌", "B": "革蘭氏陽性厭氧菌", "C": "革蘭氏陰性嗜氧菌", "D": "革蘭氏陽性嗜氧菌"}, "answer": "革蘭氏陰性嗜氧菌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "77 一位 55 歲男性至急診就醫，主訴 3 天來感覺頭暈，站立時較嚴重，躺臥時可緩解。除此以外無任何不適。平日偶爾會服用非類固醇類消炎止痛藥治療關節痠痛。理學檢查無明顯腹部壓痛，腸音蠕動正常。肛門檢查發現有血便，在急診安排胃灌洗（gastric lavage）、胃鏡以及大腸鏡檢查皆無發現異 常。住院後進行血管攝影也無異常。然而病人的血便仍持續。以下何者為最適合的下一步檢查？ \n", "options": {"A": "核醫閃爍造影術（scintigraphy）", "B": "鋇劑對比檢查（barium contrast study）", "C": "超音波（sonography）", "D": "電腦斷層（computed tomography）"}, "answer": "核醫閃爍造影術（scintigraphy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "女孩進入青春期，一般最先開始發育的部位為：", "options": {"A": "陰毛（pubic hair）", "B": "乳房（breast）", "C": "快速生長（height spurt）", "D": "初經（menarche）"}, "answer": "乳房（breast）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "在肝臟細胞膜（plasma membrane）中，下列何種脂質含量最低？", "options": {"A": "膽鹼磷脂（phosphatidylcholine）", "B": "鞘磷脂（sphingolipids）", "C": "心磷脂（cardiolipin）", "D": "膽固醇（cholesterol）"}, "answer": "心磷脂（cardiolipin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是高陰離子間隙代謝性酸中毒（high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis）的原因？", "options": {"A": "lactic acidosis", "B": "ketoacidosis", "C": "diarrhea", "D": "salicylate intoxication"}, "answer": "diarrhea", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "幼稚園中班的小恩，前年和去年皆施打過流行性感冒疫苗，半個月前被診斷得了流行性感冒，而服用了克流感（oseltamivir）治療。有關小恩後續的流感防範措施，下列何者是最佳的選擇？", "options": {"A": "今年施打一劑流感疫苗", "B": "年齡未達8歲且打過疫苗又得病，今年應施打兩劑流感疫苗", "C": "已服用過克流感，今年不必施打流感疫苗", "D": "流感疫苗無效，明年不要施打"}, "answer": "今年施打一劑流感疫苗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "鑒於青少年憂鬱症的重要，有研究人員想要發展一份簡易的篩檢問卷。為了檢驗該篩檢問卷的效度，他一共邀請某一學校之 500 位學生填寫篩檢問卷。其中 50 人被判定為陽性，其餘為陰性。然後他請精神科醫師親自對這 500 人問診，結果發現在 50 名陽性者當中，只有 35 人真正有病，但是 450 名陰性者當中，卻還有 10 人有病。請問篩選問卷的敏感度（sensitivity）為何？", "options": {"A": "50／500", "B": "35／50", "C": "35／45", "D": "40／450"}, "answer": "35／45", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 68 歲病人因為深頸部嚴重感染引起敗血性休克，他的呼吸道受到膿瘍壓迫而變狹窄，耳鼻喉科醫師判斷需要插呼吸管以搶救生命，下列何者考量正確？", "options": {"A": "若病人意識不清楚，須經家屬同意再進行插管 \t", "B": "即使病人意識清楚，仍應等候家屬到來再決定", "C": "緊急狀態，應逕行插管搶救", "D": "依病況決定要不要救"}, "answer": "緊急狀態，應逕行插管搶救", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "病患的左眼可以看向左方但無法同時上抬，下列何者最可能損傷？", "options": {"A": "左眼之上斜肌", "B": "左眼之上直肌", "C": "左眼之內直肌", "D": "左眼之下斜肌"}, "answer": "左眼之上直肌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "由於體超突變機轉（somatic hypermutation）使得在發育中心（germinal center）的B淋巴球能產生出對抗原結合性更高的抗體，但是此過程之中也偶而會有產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，這時免疫系統如何處理？", "options": {"A": "這些產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，停留於發育中心並不離開，以便於將來遇到自體抗原時再產生自體抗體", "B": "這些產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，因與補體結合而活化增生 \t", "C": "這些產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，會遇到巨噬細胞而被清除", "D": "這些產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，在缺乏T細胞幫助之下凋亡，因而被清除"}, "answer": "這些產生自體抗體的B淋巴球，在缺乏T細胞幫助之下凋亡，因而被清除", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "2.麻醉藥物的效應可以大致分為催眠（hypnotic）以及止痛（analgesic）兩大方面來獨立考量，前者是麻醉深度監測 （monitoring of the depth of anesthesia）的主要範疇。下列關於麻醉深度監測的敘述，何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "麻醉的深度可以用腦波圖（electroencephalogram, EEG）或由腦波圖計算出來的相關指標進行監測，主要是因為這些指標和", "B": "手術過程中麻醉深度不足，可能導致病患術中清醒（intraoperative awareness） ，低體溫時，其發生率較高", "C": "越來越多的證據顯示，術中進行麻醉深度監測，有助於降低病患術中清醒的發生率。但是，進行此項監測，並不能保證病患完全不會發生術中清醒", "D": "在病患可以承受的範圍內，儘量維持適當而且穩定的吸入性麻醉氣體濃度，有助於減少病患術中清醒的發生"}, "answer": "手術過程中麻醉深度不足，可能導致病患術中清醒（intraoperative awareness） ，低體溫時，其發生率較高", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種致癌物最容易引起白血病及惡性淋巴瘤？", "options": {"A": "Asbestos", "B": "Cadmium compounds", "C": "Vinyl chloride", "D": "Benzene"}, "answer": "Benzene", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "治療幽門桿菌引起之消化性潰瘍，下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "目前標準治療為 proton pump inhibitor，加上 clarithromycin 及 amoxicillin", "B": "Clarithromycin 於酸性環境相當穩定，所以單獨使用 clarithromycin 之效果極佳", "C": "若有抗藥性產生可以使用其他抗菌劑取代，如 metronidazole 或 tetracycline", "D": "對於十二指腸潰瘍患者，將幽門桿菌清除，可以降低一年之潰瘍復發率"}, "answer": "Clarithromycin 於酸性環境相當穩定，所以單獨使用 clarithromycin 之效果極佳", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "8.⻑期禁食後再重新給與營養時，為避免造成再餵食症後群（refeeding syndrome），於早期餵食時，應注意下 列那些離⼦的補充？\n", "options": {"A": "鉀、磷、鎂", "B": "鈉、磷、鈣", "C": "鉀、磷、鈣", "D": "鉀、鈉、鎂"}, "answer": "鉀、磷、鎂", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "主胰管（major pancreatic duct）與膽管（common bile duct）共同開口於十二指腸何處？", "options": {"A": "上段（superior part）", "B": "下行段（descending part）", "C": "下段（inferior part）", "D": "上行段（ascending part）"}, "answer": "下行段（descending part）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 48 歲男性病患發生一側上肢肢體乏力症狀，接著同側下肢肢體乏力，隨後再發生異側下肢肢體乏力，腦部電腦斷層掃描發現有一個腦膜瘤（meningioma），該腦膜瘤最有可能長在那個位置？", "options": {"A": "枕骨斜坡（clivus） \t", "B": "大腦鐮（falx）", "C": "枕骨大孔（foramen magnum）", "D": "嗅溝（olfactory groove）"}, "answer": "枕骨大孔（foramen magnum）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "有一病人因久咳且痰中帶有血絲及膿液而就診，經醫師採集其痰液進行細菌培養檢測後，發現其痰檢體中出現結核分枝桿菌，是為肺結核之患者。下列那一種抗生素不會出現在醫師的處方箋中？", "options": {"A": "Isoniazid", "B": "Ethambutol", "C": "Rifampin", "D": "Vancomycin"}, "answer": "Vancomycin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "最常見兒童急性淋巴性白血病的白血病細胞免疫表現型（immunophenotype）為：", "options": {"A": "early pre-B cell, CD10+", "B": "pro-B cell, CD10-", "C": "pre-B cell \t", "D": "T cell"}, "answer": "early pre-B cell, CD10+", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "當胃內胃酸分泌 pH 值＜3 時，會分泌下列何種胜肽至胃腔中，抑制胃泌素（gastrin）之分泌？", "options": {"A": "膽囊收縮素（cholecystokinin）", "B": "胃抑素（gastric inhibitory polypeptide）", "C": "胰泌素（secretin） \t", "D": "體抑素（somatostatin）"}, "answer": "體抑素（somatostatin）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "23 一位 50 歲乳癌病患，她同時患有慢性 B 型肝炎及肝硬化。於五年前接受右側乳房切除後，健康情況一直穩定。最近一星期有咳嗽及右胸疼痛現象，胸部 X 光檢查顯示右側有中等程度肋膜腔積水。經安排胸腔超音波及抽水（thoracentesis），共抽出 500 mL 黃褐色之液體，送實驗室檢查獲得以下結 果：glucose：105 mg/dL、LDH：350 U/L、total protein：4.5 g/dL、WBC：1,000/uL。 \n 請問下列敘述何者錯誤？ \n", "options": {"A": "肝硬化是引起肋膜腔積水的原因之一，靜脈補充白蛋白（albumin）可以改善肋膜腔積水", "B": "病患肋膜腔積水可能來自於乳癌肋膜轉移，必須檢驗肋膜腔積水是否有乳癌細胞", "C": "病患肋膜腔積水可能來自於肺部感染，必須進行肋膜腔積水及痰液之細菌培養", "D": "應直接注入黏連劑至病患的肋膜腔內，以減少肋膜腔積水"}, "answer": "應直接注入黏連劑至病患的肋膜腔內，以減少肋膜腔積水", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者伴行小隱靜脈（small saphenous vein），且傳遞小腿後外側與小腳趾的皮膚感覺？", "options": {"A": "隱神經（saphenous nerve）", "B": "腓腸神經（sural nerve）", "C": "腓深神經（deep fibular nerve）", "D": "腓淺神經（superficial fibular nerve）"}, "answer": "腓腸神經（sural nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "74歲男性，發燒咳嗽，右下肺葉有⼀個圓形病灶，內含很多中性球、壞死細胞的黏稠液，此病灶最可能為：", "options": {"A": "肥厚性瘢痕（hypertrophic scar）", "B": "膿瘍（abscess）", "C": "⾎腫（hematoma）", "D": "結核（tuberculosis）"}, "answer": "膿瘍（abscess）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列構造何者不經過superior orbital fissure？", "options": {"A": "trochlear nerve", "B": "abducens nerve", "C": "superior ophthalmic vein", "D": "maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve"}, "answer": "maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在右上腹觸摸到長形（香腸狀）硬塊是那一疾病的特徵？", "options": {"A": "水腎", "B": "膽管囊腫", "C": "肥大性幽門狹窄", "D": "腸套疊"}, "answer": "腸套疊", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "80 下列何種疾病可以出現有脂質或蛋白質等物質過度儲積於神經元（neuron）細胞內？①尼曼－匹克症 （Niemann-Pick disease） ②黏多醣儲積症（mucopolysaccharidoses） ③戴－薩克斯症（Tay-Sachs \n disease） \n", "options": {"A": "僅①②", "B": "僅②③", "C": "僅①③", "D": "①②③"}, "answer": "①②③", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "正常人對下列何種味覺具有最低的感受閾值（the lowest stimulation threshold）？", "options": {"A": "酸", "B": "甜", "C": "苦", "D": "鹹"}, "answer": "苦", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "8.5，尿液通常會培養出變形桿菌屬細菌，如Proteus mirabilis  下列有關Wegener's granulomatosis之敘述，何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "血中可測到antiproteinase-3抗體", "B": "黑人較白人常見", "C": "腎切片＞50%組織，可見到肉芽組織（granuloma）", "D": "此病在眼部不會造成結膜炎及鞏膜炎（scleritis）"}, "answer": "黑人較白人常見", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "16 個月男嬰，因排便後突然發生呼吸急促，發紺加劇而送至急診。此孩童以往即被發現有發紺及心雜音，其胸部 X 光片顯示肺血管減少，心臟形狀似\"馬靴\"（boot-shaped）。下列何種處理較不適當？", "options": {"A": "馬上將孩童置膝抱胸（knee-chest）姿勢，並給予氧氣", "B": "給予碳酸氫鈉（NaHCO3）以矯正酸血症", "C": "避免孩童躁動而更消耗氧氣，給予 benzodiazepam 鎮靜", "D": "給予靜脈注射 propranolol，減緩肺動脈下漏斗體（infundibulum）之收縮"}, "answer": "避免孩童躁動而更消耗氧氣，給予 benzodiazepam 鎮靜", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 2 歲男孩，被家屬發現四肢冰冷、意識不清及發作（seizure）。當時血壓為 62/44 mmHg，其心電圖（EKG）如下圖所示。下列何者為最適當之處理？", "options": {"A": "給與靜脈注射 amiodarone", "B": "給與靜脈注射 lidocaine", "C": "放置暫時性心律調節器（temporary pacemaker）", "D": "電擊休克（DC shock）"}, "answer": "電擊休克（DC shock）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何項治療可以減輕慢性阻塞性肺病之惡化？", "options": {"A": "支氣管擴張劑", "B": "類固醇", "C": "戒菸與氧氣治療", "D": "復健"}, "answer": "戒菸與氧氣治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "引起蛛網膜下出血最多的動脈瘤是那一種？", "options": {"A": "Atherosclerotic", "B": "Mycotic", "C": "Traumatic", "D": "Berry"}, "answer": "Berry", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位機車騎士，車禍撞擊造成右膝受傷，身體檢查發現右膝正前方有撞擊傷，合併輕微膝關節腫脹，膝後拉測試（posterior drawer test）呈陽性，X 光顯示無骨折，表示他何處韌帶損傷？", "options": {"A": "膝內側韌帶", "B": "膝外側韌帶", "C": "膝前十字韌帶", "D": "膝後十字韌帶"}, "answer": "膝後十字韌帶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "心臟傳導系統的蒲金氏纖維（Purkinje fibers）為下列何者特化而成？", "options": {"A": "心肌細胞（cardiac muscle cell）", "B": "神經細胞（nerve cell）", "C": "纖維母細胞（fibroblast）", "D": "內皮細胞（endothelial cell）"}, "answer": "心肌細胞（cardiac muscle cell）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者是原發性副甲狀腺功能亢進的患者，最可能出現的電解質變化？", "options": {"A": "高血鈣、低血磷", "B": "低血鈣、高血磷", "C": "低血鈣、低血磷", "D": "高血鈣、高血磷"}, "answer": "高血鈣、低血磷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在下列何種疾病會聽到全收縮期雜音（holo-systolic murmur）？", "options": {"A": "心房中隔缺損（atrial septal defect）", "B": "心室中隔缺損（ventricular septal defect）", "C": "肺動脈瓣狹窄（pulmonary stenosis）", "D": "開放性動脈導管（patent ductus arteriosus）"}, "answer": "心室中隔缺損（ventricular septal defect）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "霍亂弧菌毒素會刺激小腸絨毛分泌細胞產生 cyclic AMP，接著引發下列何種離子大量釋出，導致分泌性腹瀉？", "options": {"A": "鈉離子", "B": "氯離子", "C": "鈣離子", "D": "鎂離子"}, "answer": "氯離子", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何者是最適當優先安排的檢查工具？", "options": {"A": "大腸鋇劑灌腸攝影", "B": "大腸鏡", "C": "腹部電腦斷層攝影", "D": "腹部超音波"}, "answer": "腹部電腦斷層攝影", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "偵測自然殺手細胞（NK cells）可以下列那種分子組合作為標記？", "options": {"A": "CD3/CD4", "B": "CD4/CD25", "C": "CD16/CD56", "D": "CD19/CD21"}, "answer": "CD16/CD56", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "非典型胸痛的年輕女子接受運動心電圖檢查，下列敘述何者最正確？", "options": {"A": "若呈陽性反應，則最終診斷為冠狀動脈疾病（coronary heart disease）的機率高", "B": "若呈陽性反應，則最終診斷為二尖瓣脫垂（mitral valve prolapse）的機率高", "C": "若呈陰性反應，則最終診斷為冠狀動脈疾病的機率極低", "D": "若呈陰性反應，則最終診斷為二尖瓣脫垂的機率極低"}, "answer": "若呈陰性反應，則最終診斷為冠狀動脈疾病的機率極低", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "夢遊症（sleepwalking disorder）通常發生在睡眠腦波圖（EEG）的那一個時期？", "options": {"A": "stage I", "B": "stage II", "C": "stage III & IV", "D": "REM（rapid eye movement）sleep"}, "answer": "stage III & IV", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "糖尿病診斷標準之一為空腹血漿糖 ≥ 126 mg/dL，此處空腹之定義為沒有攝取熱量達至少多少小時？", "options": {"A": "6", "B": "8", "C": "12", "D": "16"}, "answer": "8", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那種細胞最不可能與維持 oral tolerance 有關？", "options": {"A": "第三型輔助性 T 細胞（TH3）", "B": "調節性 T 細胞（regulatory T cell）", "C": "第十七型輔助性 T 細胞（TH17）", "D": "第二型輔助性 T 細胞（TH2）"}, "answer": "第十七型輔助性 T 細胞（TH17）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者現在臨床上適合用來治療嚴重敗血症？", "options": {"A": "Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist", "B": "Soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α", "C": "Lipopolysaccharide antagonist", "D": "Activated protein C"}, "answer": "Activated protein C", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於配對的描述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "在病例對照研究中，若採用配對，是避免研究所關注的危險因子外的暴露在病例組與對照組的分布有差異", "B": "配對主要有頻率配對（frequency matching）與個人配對（individual matching）兩種，頻率配對需要較大的成本", "C": "假設對性別與年齡進行配對，則無法再探討這兩個變項對疾病的影響", "D": "以病例對照研究為例，一個病例可配對多個對照，以增加檢力（power）"}, "answer": "配對主要有頻率配對（frequency matching）與個人配對（individual matching）兩種，頻率配對需要較大的成本", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "抗癌藥合併療法ABVD治療何杰金氏淋巴瘤（Hodgkin's lymphoma），其中何者可以明顯抑制癌細胞之topoisomerase II，而產生細胞毒殺作用？", "options": {"A": "bleomycin", "B": "doxorubicin", "C": "vincristine", "D": "dacarbozine"}, "answer": "doxorubicin", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種病毒具有E1A與E1B這兩種促進細胞生長的活化因子？", "options": {"A": "Adenovirus", "B": "Papillomavirus", "C": "Epstein-Barr virus", "D": "Cytomegalovirus"}, "answer": "Adenovirus", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "葡萄糖分子在腎小管近端上皮細胞的再吸收，最主要是透過何種機制進行？", "options": {"A": "次級主動運輸（secondary active transport）", "B": "二價鐵離子媒介之轉化作用（Fe2+-mediated conversion）", "C": "胞噬作用（phagocytosis）", "D": "氧化磷酸化作用（oxidative phosphorylation）"}, "answer": "次級主動運輸（secondary active transport）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "在某些例外的情況下，無需病患的同意即可進行醫療行為，惟下列何者不屬於這些例外的情況？", "options": {"A": "緊急開刀或緊急侵入性檢查", "B": "有利於患者的人體試驗", "C": "精神疾病患者的強制治療", "D": "法定傳染病患者的隔離治療"}, "answer": "有利於患者的人體試驗", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "4 歲男孩，母親主訴 4 天前開始出現輕微咳嗽，3 天前開始發燒，溫度皆在 39℃以上，且合併有寒顫（chill），入院前 2 天咳嗽更加劇烈，且有腹痛現象，身體檢查顯示一急性病容的小孩，右側胸部呼吸音下降且有囉音，胸部 X 光片如附圖，血液檢查顯示無貧血，但 WBC = 24,000/μL。則此病人最可能的致病菌為：", "options": {"A": "Haemophilus influenzae type b \t", "B": "Staphylococcus aureus", "C": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "D": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae"}, "answer": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者不是聽覺傳導路徑中的構造？", "options": {"A": "斜方體（trapezoid body）", "B": "上橄欖核群（superior olivary complex）", "C": "內側蹄系（medial lemniscus）", "D": "下丘（inferior colliculus）"}, "answer": "內側蹄系（medial lemniscus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關胸管的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "乳糜池（chyle cistern）的大小、外型是不固定的", "B": "下六對肋間的淋巴亦下行匯入乳糜池（chyle cistern）", "C": "胸管位在後縱隔腔（posterior mediastinum）", "D": "胸管直接匯入上腔靜脈"}, "answer": "胸管直接匯入上腔靜脈", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "紅斑性狼瘡（lupus erythematosus）之皮膚盤狀病灶（discoid lesion），較不會出現在下列那一部位之皮膚？", "options": {"A": "顏面（face）", "B": "頭部（scalp）", "C": "腹部（abdomen）", "D": "手前臂（forearm）"}, "answer": "腹部（abdomen）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "承上題，下列何者不是檢查胸腔出口症候群的方法？", "options": {"A": "Adson（scalene）test", "B": "Halsted（costoclavicular） test", "C": "Wright（hyperabduction）test", "D": "Breath test"}, "answer": "Breath test", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 69 歲男性病患呈現嚴重的高血壓。影像學檢查發現他右腎臟的動脈進口處發生狹窄。下列疾病中那一個是造成這類腎臟動脈狹窄最常見的原因？", "options": {"A": "Fibromuscular dysplasia", "B": "Takayasu arteritis", "C": "Polyarteritis nodosa \t", "D": "Atherosclerosis"}, "answer": "Atherosclerosis", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "平靜吸氣（quiet inspiration）過程中，不會發生下列何種現象？", "options": {"A": "膈神經（phrenic nerve）興奮", "B": "內肋間肌（internal intercostal muscle）收縮", "C": "肋膜內壓（intrapleural pressure, Pip）下降", "D": "肺臟之彈性回復力（elastic recoil）增加"}, "answer": "內肋間肌（internal intercostal muscle）收縮", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列有關非特異性間質肺炎（non-specific interstitial pneumonia）的敘述，何者正確？", "options": {"A": "可分細胞性（cellular）和纖維化（fibrosing）兩種型態", "B": "時間異質性（temporal heterogeneity）明顯", "C": "可見纖維母細胞增生病灶（fibroblastic focus）", "D": "可見蜂巢狀纖維化（honeycomb fibrosis）"}, "answer": "可分細胞性（cellular）和纖維化（fibrosing）兩種型態", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，若病患請教醫師對其該腎臟腫瘤處置之見解時，則會建議：", "options": {"A": "應為良性腫瘤，不論大小都不必理會", "B": "應為良性腫瘤，但當有症狀或體積超過 4 公分時再進行手術", "C": "應為惡性腫瘤，並建議立刻行腎臟切除手術", "D": "應為惡性腫瘤，但可行腎臟部分切除手術（nephron sparing surgery）即可"}, "answer": "應為良性腫瘤，但當有症狀或體積超過 4 公分時再進行手術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 19 歲大學男生，自小即患有突發性心悸。住院當中，病患突感心悸，你立即作了心電圖，從此心電圖的結果中，你認為病人的不整脈最可能為何？", "options": {"A": "sinus tachycardia \t", "B": "atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response", "C": "paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia（PSVT）", "D": "ventricular tachycardia（VT）"}, "answer": "paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia（PSVT）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "80.老王是退休的單身男性，78歲，有心臟病、高血壓、糖尿病，只有間斷服藥，在一家工廠擔任倉庫管理員，最近一年半來走路容易跌倒，因此住院檢查，發現罹患了小腦萎縮症，醫師也告之此病症的預後不佳，因此曾拜託老闆，如果有什麼重病突發時，不要再急救。他並且留下書面的不予急救（DNR）意願書。某日晚上，在大門值班時突然昏迷，緊急送往醫院急救，發現有左前腦及中腦動脈阻塞之大片梗塞，又病人的實 室檢查發現有慢性腎功能衰竭，宜進行透析治療。病人在急診處呼吸逐漸不規則，血中二氧化碳分壓升高。\n 如果不施行氣管插管，可能危及生命，則下列的處理何者最適切？\n", "options": {"A": "請工廠負責人代為簽署同意書，進行氣管插管，因醫師以救命為第一職責", "B": "請醫院之警衛或社工人員當見證人簽同意書，進行氣管插管，因醫師以救命為第一職責", "C": "直接進行氣管插管，並安排腹膜透析", "D": "只進行一般之支持療法，但不安排透析，也不進行氣管插管，以尊重病人的意願"}, "answer": "只進行一般之支持療法，但不安排透析，也不進行氣管插管，以尊重病人的意願", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "藥物在血漿中的濃度以\"一次級的動力學＂下降，則表示：", "options": {"A": "只經由一種藥物的代謝途徑", "B": "大部份在肝臟中代謝", "C": "藥物只存在血液循環內", "D": "大約等於其半衰期"}, "answer": "大約等於其半衰期", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "安非他命所引起的激動不安，要使用何種藥物治療？", "options": {"A": "安神藥（benzodiazepines）", "B": "抗精神病藥物（antipsychotics）", "C": "抗憂鬱劑（antidepressants）", "D": "情緒穩定劑（mood stablizers）"}, "answer": "安神藥（benzodiazepines）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "急性期的腦動脈瘤破裂合併蜘蛛網膜下腔出血，則下述何者是快速及確定診斷的檢查？", "options": {"A": "核磁共振血管掃描（MR angiography）", "B": "電腦斷層血管掃描（CT angiography）", "C": "電腦斷層掃描（CT brain）", "D": "腰椎穿刺（lumbar puncture）"}, "answer": "電腦斷層血管掃描（CT angiography）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "醫院策略性管理（strategic management）的意義，是在導引醫院依據內外在環境的變動，做出重大的變革。其首要工作是要確認醫院的：", "options": {"A": "處境", "B": "使命與目標", "C": "策略選擇", "D": "策略執行評估"}, "answer": "使命與目標", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "根據衛生福利部民國95年公告之「研究用人體檢體採集與使用注意事項」，有關「去連結」之定義，下列何者正確？", "options": {"A": "將檢體編碼，以代碼取代姓名或其他可供辨識個人資訊，致無法辨識檢體提供者之作業方式", "B": "於檢體編碼後，將代碼與檢體提供者可供辨識個人資訊之對照資料，和檢體分開保存之作業方式", "C": "於檢體編碼後，將代碼與檢體提供者可供辨識個人資訊之對照資料再編碼方式處理之作業方式", "D": "於檢體編碼後，將代碼與檢體提供者可供辨識個人資訊之對照資料完全永久消除之作業方式"}, "answer": "於檢體編碼後，將代碼與檢體提供者可供辨識個人資訊之對照資料完全永久消除之作業方式", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "當你接收到一位嚴重創傷已插有氣管內管插管（endotracheal tube）的轉診病人時，於下列所有情況都需懷疑有氣管插管誤入食道（esophageal intubation），那項除外？", "options": {"A": "end-tidal CO2值近乎零", "B": "擠甦醒球(bag-valve-mask)時聽不到呼吸聲", "C": "聽得見胃有雜聲（borborygmus）", "D": "可見到氣管內管內有霧氣進出"}, "answer": "可見到氣管內管內有霧氣進出", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "承上題，為了要確定診斷，有各種方式可用，但下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "人工關節手術後第三天，其 d-dimer test 結果若為陽性，有百分之九十的機會可以排除此診斷", "B": "人工關節手術後第三天，Homans' sign 陰性，也不能排除此診斷", "C": "血管攝影雖比較具侵襲性，但卻是最正確的診斷方式", "D": "超音波及都卜勒（duplex）檢查最方便且無侵襲性，但正確度和操作者經驗有關"}, "answer": "人工關節手術後第三天，其 d-dimer test 結果若為陽性，有百分之九十的機會可以排除此診斷", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "承上題，為防止這類病人的肌肉萎縮，下列何種復健治療最合適？", "options": {"A": "功能性電刺激（functional electrical stimulation）", "B": "經皮神經電刺激（transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation）", "C": "低能量雷射治療（low level laser therapy）", "D": "超音波熱療法（ultrasound diathermy）"}, "answer": "功能性電刺激（functional electrical stimulation）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "如眼底視網膜照片所示，此位患者最可能之診斷為何？", "options": {"A": "糖尿病視網膜病變 \t", "B": "急性視網膜中心動脈阻塞", "C": "急性視網膜中心靜脈阻塞", "D": "早產兒視網膜病變"}, "answer": "糖尿病視網膜病變 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "使用下列那一類治療憂鬱症的藥物時，必須限制含乳酪食品的攝取，否則會引起血壓上升的危險？", "options": {"A": "Fluoxetine", "B": "Imipramine", "C": "Bupropion", "D": "Tranylcypromine"}, "answer": "Tranylcypromine", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是引起術後 Hypoventilation 常見的原因？", "options": {"A": "Hyperkalemia \t", "B": "Hypothermia", "C": "使用 Opioids \t", "D": "使用 Neuromuscular blocking agents"}, "answer": "Hyperkalemia \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關膿胸（empyema thoracis）之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "診斷依據為胸水檢驗中，白血球數目超過 2500/mm3 \t", "B": "常見的致病菌包括 Streptococcus、Anaerobes、Klebsiella spp.", "C": "常見的症狀為胸痛、發燒", "D": "胸管引流與合宜的抗生素使用，為主要的治療方式"}, "answer": "診斷依據為胸水檢驗中，白血球數目超過 2500/mm3 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不屬於椎前交感神經節？", "options": {"A": "腹腔神經節（Celiac ganglia）", "B": "腸繫膜上神經節（Superior mesenteric ganglia）", "C": "腸繫膜下神經節（Inferior mesenteric ganglia）", "D": "腰交感神經節（Lumbar sympathetic ganglia）"}, "answer": "腰交感神經節（Lumbar sympathetic ganglia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "在長期無法進食之受傷病人，其體內營養之補充途徑，已經證明以腸道營養（enteral nutrition）優於非腸道營養（parenteral nutrition），下列原因何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "價格較低 \t", "B": "合併症較少", "C": "腸道黏膜（intestinal mucosa）較不易萎縮", "D": "易引發吸入性肺炎（aspiration pneumonia）"}, "answer": "易引發吸入性肺炎（aspiration pneumonia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "1 歲 5 個月的男童因為高燒不退 5 天，躁動不安及不愛動左腳，被帶至急診室評估，身體診察發現左膝紅腫合併壓痛及關節活動受限，下列何者是最重要的檢查來確診敗血性關節炎（septic arthritis）？", "options": {"A": "左膝關節 X 光", "B": "紅血球沉降速率（ESR）", "C": "左膝關節液檢查（Gram stain and culture）", "D": "血球計數及分類"}, "answer": "左膝關節液檢查（Gram stain and culture）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為已開發國家，50 歲以上造成不可逆視力喪失最常見之原因？", "options": {"A": "視網膜黃斑部退化", "B": "白內障", "C": "青光眼", "D": "視網膜剝離"}, "answer": "視網膜黃斑部退化", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者未矯正，是引起所謂的經線性（Meridional）弱視的原因？", "options": {"A": "不等視（Anisometropic）", "B": "散光（Astigmatism）", "C": "遠視（Hypermetropia）", "D": "上斜視（Hypertropia）"}, "answer": "散光（Astigmatism）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "臀上動脈（superior gluteal artery）發生阻塞，下列何者最不受影響？", "options": {"A": "臀大肌（gluteus maximus muscle）", "B": "臀小肌（gluteus minimus muscle）", "C": "梨狀肌（piriformis muscle）", "D": "上孖肌（superior gemellus muscle）"}, "answer": "上孖肌（superior gemellus muscle）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種指標與腦傷（traumatic brain injury）病人的預後關聯性最低？", "options": {"A": "腦傷後癲癇（seizure）發生頻率", "B": "格拉司哥昏迷指數（Glasgow coma scale）", "C": "腦傷後失憶症（amnesia）時間的長短", "D": "腦傷造成意識失常（comatose）時間的長短"}, "answer": "腦傷後癲癇（seizure）發生頻率", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關藥品安全監視的項目，屬於我國獨有而一般醫藥先進國家比較不常監視者？", "options": {"A": "中藥摻西藥的監視 \t", "B": "疫苗副作用的監視", "C": "新藥安全的監視 \t", "D": "偶發藥品品質安全副作用事件的監視"}, "answer": "中藥摻西藥的監視 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "你正面對一位剛被診斷有第二型糖尿病的62歲女性，她懷疑自己也有骨質健康的問題，下列何者最能正確說明糖尿病和骨鬆症的相關性？", "options": {"A": "第二型糖尿病患者相對於第一型糖尿病患者有較高的骨質密度", "B": "第二型糖尿病患相對於一般人較少發生骨折", "C": "第二型糖尿病患相對於第一型糖尿病患有較高的骨折風險", "D": "血糖控制不良會降低骨質密度"}, "answer": "第二型糖尿病患者相對於第一型糖尿病患者有較高的骨質密度", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列有關惡性高溫（malignant hyperthermia）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "與鈣離子的 homeostasis 失調有關", "B": "可能與 ryanodine receptor 蛋白的基因缺損有關", "C": "可能與肌漿網（sarcoplasmic reticulum）受器蛋白的基因缺損有關", "D": "主要因為肌肉無法進行收縮作用"}, "answer": "主要因為肌肉無法進行收縮作用", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那項肺臟疾病，最有可能出現嗜中性白血球滲出物？", "options": {"A": "病毒性肺炎", "B": "肺氣喘", "C": "細菌性肺炎", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "細菌性肺炎", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列何者為嬰兒感染先天性德國麻疹（congenital rubella）後，最常合併之心臟病？", "options": {"A": "心室中隔缺損（ventricular septal defect）", "B": "心房中隔缺損（atrial septal defect）", "C": "法洛式四合症（tetralogy of Fallot）", "D": "開放性動脈導管（patent ductus arteriosus）"}, "answer": "開放性動脈導管（patent ductus arteriosus）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "有關 Achalasia 與 Pseudoachalasia 之敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Achalasia 起於食道蠕動功能不足 \t", "B": "Pseudoachalasia 起於 GE junction 附近的腫瘤壓迫", "C": "大部分 Achalasia 於內視鏡下，可發現食道黏膜之破壞與病變", "D": "兩者皆可發現食道擴張的現象"}, "answer": "大部分 Achalasia 於內視鏡下，可發現食道黏膜之破壞與病變", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列有關注意力缺損過動症（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD）的敘述，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "第一線治療為行為治療", "B": "3 歲之前很難診斷注意力缺損過動症，因正常小孩也可能有相同行為", "C": "約一半的人到青春期或成人仍有症狀", "D": "第一線藥物治療為中樞神經刺激劑（stimulant），其主要副作用為食慾降低及失眠"}, "answer": "第一線治療為行為治療", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "38歲女性，到婦產門診就診，主訴有下列典型症狀 dysuria、dribbling、dyspareunia，同時臨床骨盆檢查發現前陰道壁有一腫塊，下列何者被公認為最佳診斷之影像工具？", "options": {"A": "靜脈腎盂攝影（intravenous pyelography）", "B": "解尿膀胱尿道攝影（voiding cystourethrography）", "C": "腎臟輸尿管膀胱攝影（kidney, ureter, bladder, KUB）", "D": "核磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging）"}, "answer": "核磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是評估健康服務的指標？", "options": {"A": "efficacy", "B": "ethnicity", "C": "effectiveness", "D": "efficiency"}, "answer": "ethnicity", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關「失用症」（apraxia）的敘述，下列何者最為正確？", "options": {"A": "言語功能也可能發生失用症", "B": "病人因不了解指令所以無法執行動作", "C": "病人多伴有感覺神經功能缺失", "D": "多因小腦受傷引起"}, "answer": "言語功能也可能發生失用症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）主要感染B淋巴球；它是以該細胞表面的何種分子為受體（receptor）？", "options": {"A": "CR2", "B": "CD4", "C": "CD8", "D": "醣蛋白（glycoprotein）"}, "answer": "CR2", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "關於真核細胞蛋白質合成的啟始階段（initiation stage），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "需要mRNA、核糖體（ribosome）與aminoacyl-tRNA的參與", "B": "mRNA必須具有5'端帽結構（5'cap structure）或internal ribosome entry site（IRES）才能參與啟始作用", "C": "核糖體的大與小兩個次單元（large and small subunits）必須形成完整的核糖體（ribosome）才能與mRNA結", "D": "啟始階段需要的aminoacyl-tRNA是Met-tRNAiMet"}, "answer": "核糖體的大與小兩個次單元（large and small subunits）必須形成完整的核糖體（ribosome）才能與mRNA結", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "T細胞受器多樣化（T cell receptor diversity）之原因很多，但不包含下列那一項？", "options": {"A": "V", "B": "J基因片段連接[V", "C": "J gene segments joining]", "D": "N-核苷酸添加（N-nucleotides addition）"}, "answer": "N-核苷酸添加（N-nucleotides addition）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "一位 28 歲女性，已婚但多年未生育，最近月經疼痛惡化，超音波檢查發現卵巢附近有一個囊腫，最可能的原因是：", "options": {"A": "骨盆腔發炎", "B": "子宮內膜異位症", "C": "子宮肌瘤", "D": "子宮內膜癌"}, "answer": "子宮內膜異位症", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "張先生因罹患大腸癌而來找此方面權威的邢主任看診，邢主任決定為張先生開刀治療。在手術前邢主任和張先生一番寒暄鼓勵，在麻醉生效後邢主任便將手術交給資深住院醫師執行，自己先行離去，直到最後才進開刀房將大腸癌段摘除，病患完全不知情，只聽邢主任說手術過程順利。有關邢主任的作為，下列那一個敘述最為恰當？", "options": {"A": "是一位好的老師，給予年輕醫師如此的磨練機會以獲取更多的經驗，用心良苦", "B": "工作負荷重，需要用這段時間做行政、教學及研究工作，情有可原", "C": "應全程參與開刀並親自執刀，只讓資深住院醫師縫合皮膚", "D": "應於術前向張先生說明參與手術的是那一些人，並告知他在適當的情況下會教導資深住院醫師開刀的技術"}, "answer": "應於術前向張先生說明參與手術的是那一些人，並告知他在適當的情況下會教導資深住院醫師開刀的技術", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列風濕病主要侵犯的組織之解剖構造（anatomic structures）之配對中，那一項錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Rheumatoid arthritis；synovium", "B": "Ankylosing spondylitis；bony end plate", "C": "Osteoarthritis；cartilage", "D": "Gout；joint space 31 \t下列有關 Henoch-Schönlein purpura 的敘述，何者最不正確？"}, "answer": "Ankylosing spondylitis；bony end plate", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "49 某日，一位 69 歲女性 A 在健身俱樂部被游泳池員工帶往服務台，建議 A 的先生帶 A 到醫院檢查。原來，A 不斷地問同樣的問題「我現在在那裡？我在做什麼？」很快地，他們來到醫學中心急診部，病人血壓偏高，意識清楚，手腳活動與感覺正常，步態平穩。54 小時後安排了 Brain MRI 結果如下， A 有可能的狀況為： \n", "options": {"A": "暫時性失憶症（transient global amnesia）", "B": "阿茲海默症（Alzheimer disease）", "C": "失憶性中風（amnestic stroke）", "D": "癲癇發作（epileptic seizures）"}, "answer": "暫時性失憶症（transient global amnesia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "一位 50 歲已婚女性，主訴 1 個月以來，有失眠、疲倦、胃口不佳、便秘、體重下降、胸悶等症狀，懷疑自己可能有重大身體疾病，曾看過胃腸科、心臟科、家醫科。檢查均屬正常，最後被轉介到精神科治療，經詢問病史發現：病患有嚴重情緒低落及毫無生活情趣並有自殺想法。以上這些症狀在過去二年以來均持續存在，只是過去程度較輕，此次發作乃因股票暴跌所導致。您的診斷最可能是：", "options": {"A": "輕鬱症（dysthymic disorder）", "B": "重鬱症（major depression disorder）", "C": "重疊性憂鬱症（double depression）", "D": "雙極型情感性疾病（bipolar disorder）"}, "answer": "重疊性憂鬱症（double depression）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 36 歲婦女因發燒倦怠及手部多處關節炎而住院，理學檢查有貧血、口腔有潰瘍、背部有多處紅斑、兩手關節有多處腫脹及壓痛感覺，實驗室檢查白血球 2,100/mm3（淋巴球占 40%、中性白血球占 57%）、血紅素（Hgb）10.5 gm/dL、紅血球沈降速度（ESR）92 mm/hr、24 小時尿蛋白為 1.2 gm，下列那一項檢查對診斷此病最重要？", "options": {"A": "C-反應蛋白（CRP）", "B": "抗核抗體（ANA）", "C": "血清免疫球蛋白", "D": "全身電腦斷層掃描檢查"}, "answer": "抗核抗體（ANA）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者不是正常老年人在泌尿功能上因老化造成的影響？", "options": {"A": "膀胱容量變小", "B": "尿流速率變慢", "C": "最大尿道閉鎖壓（maximal urethral closure pressure）降低", "D": "未抑制之膀胱逼尿肌收縮（uninhibited detrusor contraction）增加"}, "answer": "未抑制之膀胱逼尿肌收縮（uninhibited detrusor contraction）增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "壓力（stress）會促使內分泌系統那一個軸線（axis）活化？", "options": {"A": "下視丘－腦下腺－睪丸", "B": "下視丘－腦下腺－卵巢", "C": "下視丘－腦下腺－甲狀腺", "D": "下視丘－腦下腺－腎上腺皮質"}, "answer": "下視丘－腦下腺－腎上腺皮質", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何者不是脫離呼吸器（weaning from ventilator）的條件？", "options": {"A": "呼吸速率 < 25 / minute", "B": "動脈血氧氣分壓（ PaO2）> 70 mmHg（FiO2 40%）", "C": "潮氣量（tidal volume）5～6 mL/kg", "D": "每分鐘通氣量（minute ventilation）> 9 L / minute"}, "answer": "每分鐘通氣量（minute ventilation）> 9 L / minute", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列何種寄生蟲曾經廣泛流行於我國離島之金門及澎湖地區？", "options": {"A": "班氏絲蟲（Wuchereria bancrofti）", "B": "馬來亞絲蟲（Brugia malayi）", "C": "蟠尾絲蟲（Onchocerca volvulus）", "D": "羅阿絲蟲（Loa loa）"}, "answer": "班氏絲蟲（Wuchereria bancrofti）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何項與胃幽門桿菌感染無關？", "options": {"A": "胃炎", "B": "胃賁門癌", "C": "十二指腸潰瘍", "D": "胃 MALToma"}, "answer": "胃賁門癌", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一位 58 歲的女性病患每日規律運動，最近一個月注意到每天傍晚下肢就會出現水腫，早上起床時水腫會消失，門診的身體檢查發現頸靜脈壓力正常，心臟大小正常，心跳規律無雜音，兩側肺野呼吸音正常，兩側下肢有可凹陷水腫（pitting edema），則以下的檢查，對鑑別診斷價值最低的是：", "options": {"A": "BUN, creatinine \t", "B": "serum albumin", "C": "肝功能檢查（ALT, AST）", "D": "核子醫學左心室射出率（ejection fraction）"}, "answer": "核子醫學左心室射出率（ejection fraction）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "某抑制劑會使酵素反應的 Km上升，但是不影響 高反應速率（即 Vmax不變），此抑制劑應屬於下列何者？", "options": {"A": "競爭型抑制劑（competitive inhibitor）", "B": "不競爭型抑制劑（uncompetitive inhibitor）", "C": "非競爭型抑制劑（noncompetitive inhibitor）", "D": "混合型抑制劑（mixed inhibitor）"}, "answer": "競爭型抑制劑（competitive inhibitor）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "91 李先生是一退休農耕隊隊員，早年曾派駐中南美洲等地。近日因胸悶、心悸、吞嚥困難及胃腸不適就醫。李先生陳述當年駐外住在茅草房時，半夜常被小蟲叮咬，以致睡眠品質不好，曾引發心臟病。 依此病史，叮咬李先生最可能的是下列何者？ \n", "options": {"A": "白蛉子（sandfly） \t", "B": "采采蠅（tsetse fly）", "C": "錐鼻蟲（reduviid bug）", "D": "臭蟲（bedbug）"}, "answer": "錐鼻蟲（reduviid bug）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位病人被發現有白血病，他的周邊血液及骨髓抹片中可看到很多不成熟的細胞（如圖所示）。這位病人的血球細胞內最可能出現那種染色體異常？", "options": {"A": "t(15;17)", "B": "t(9;22)", "C": "t(8;21)", "D": "t(4;11)"}, "answer": "t(15;17)", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "52 歲家庭主婦，主訴雙手指末端關節痛有 1 年，常在使用手工作後疼痛加劇，休息後會改善，理學檢查發現手指遠端指間關節（distal interphalangeal joints）皆有小結節，具壓痛感，此病人最有可能罹患的疾病為何？", "options": {"A": "退化性關節炎 \t", "B": "類風濕性關節炎", "C": "結晶沈積引發關節炎 \t", "D": "感染性關節炎"}, "answer": "退化性關節炎 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "細胞內DNA複製過程中，為何需要RNA引子（primer）？", "options": {"A": "提供DNA聚合酶合成反應所需要的3'-端磷酸基", "B": "提供DNA聚合酶合成反應所需要的3'-端羥基（OH）", "C": "提供DNA聚合酶合成反應所需要的5'-端羥基（OH）", "D": "提供DNA聚合酶合成反應所需要的5'-端磷酸基"}, "answer": "提供DNA聚合酶合成反應所需要的3'-端羥基（OH）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "80.34歲的葉小姐是位老師，身體健康無特殊病史，近日因為右側鼠蹊部腫脹來門診，經診斷為腹股溝疝氣，醫師向葉小姐建議進行疝氣修補術治療，在解釋病情及手術細節後，葉小姐卻要求術後要補充白蛋白，因為她 聽說白蛋白對腹部手術術後恢復有幫助，但醫師的專業判斷認為並不需要，此情境下，如何處理較適當？\n", "options": {"A": "經過專業判斷不需要補充白蛋白，與病人多溝通後婉拒病人的要求，不給與術後白蛋白補充", "B": "答應病人補充白蛋白，且以健保支付", "C": "即使判斷補充白蛋白不是恰當的醫療處置，但是病人要求了，補充之也無傷大雅", "D": "補充白蛋白是醫療專業判斷，由醫師決定即可，不需再與病人溝通"}, "answer": "經過專業判斷不需要補充白蛋白，與病人多溝通後婉拒病人的要求，不給與術後白蛋白補充", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "5 下列何種先天構造異常之新生兒會在安靜時呈現呼吸窘迫及發紺（cyanosis）的症狀，而張口大哭之 後發紺情況則得以緩解？\n", "options": {"A": "先天性橫膈疝氣（congenital diaphragmatic hernia）", "B": "氣管食道瘻管（tracheo-esophageal fistula）", "C": "皮耳羅賓症候群（Piérre-Robin syndrome）", "D": "雙側後鼻孔閉鎖（bilateral choanal atresia）"}, "answer": "雙側後鼻孔閉鎖（bilateral choanal atresia）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "大多數先天性代謝異常疾病（Inborn errors of metabolism）的遺傳模式（Mode of inheritance）為Autosomal recessive，下列何種代謝異常除外？", "options": {"A": "Phenylketonuria（PKU）", "B": "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency（OTC deficiency）", "C": "Methylmalonic acidemia（MMA）", "D": "Maple syrup urine disease（MSUD）"}, "answer": "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency（OTC deficiency）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "有關nesiritide用於治療急性代償性功能失常之心衰竭病人之藥理作用敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "使cyclic AMP增加", "B": "活化brain natriuretic peptide（BNP）receptor", "C": "使血管放鬆", "D": "產生利尿作用"}, "answer": "使cyclic AMP增加", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "何種功能性腦下垂體腫瘤，對口服藥物治療反應最好，包括激素降低及腦瘤體積縮小？", "options": {"A": "肢端肥大症（acromegaly）", "B": "庫欣氏症（Cushing's disease）", "C": "泌乳素瘤（prolactinoma）", "D": "甲促素分泌瘤（TSH-secreting adenoma）"}, "answer": "泌乳素瘤（prolactinoma）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "雙眼外側視野二分之一缺損（bilateral temporal hemianopia），最可能的損傷部位是：", "options": {"A": "視神經（optic nerve）", "B": "外側膝狀體（lateral geniculate body）", "C": "視徑（optic tract） \t", "D": "視交叉（optic chiasm）"}, "answer": "視交叉（optic chiasm）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列那一種感染症最易於組織中見到厚壁、棕色之硬化體（sclerotic bodies）？", "options": {"A": "黑癬（Tinea nigra）", "B": "孢子絲菌病（Sporotrichosis）", "C": "產色芽生黴菌症（Chromoblastomycosis）", "D": "皮下黑化真菌病（Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis）"}, "answer": "產色芽生黴菌症（Chromoblastomycosis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 18 歲男孩，患有腎病症候群，雙手掌心被發現有 discoid-like 的皮疹並有脫皮如下圖，腎臟切片檢查結果為 membranous nephropathy，下列那一項感染是最可能的診斷？", "options": {"A": "B 型肝炎（hepatitis B）", "B": "巨細胞病毒（cytomegalovirus）感染", "C": "鉤端螺旋體症（Leptospirosis）", "D": "梅毒（syphilis）"}, "answer": "梅毒（syphilis）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "麻醉風險之評估系統，現行的方法叫：", "options": {"A": "APACHE \t", "B": "ASA physical status classification", "C": "Apgar score \t", "D": "RISK"}, "answer": "ASA physical status classification", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "大腸內容物中最常見的 aerobic bacteria 是下列何者？", "options": {"A": "Enterococcus", "B": "Proteus", "C": "Escherichia coli", "D": "Pseudomonas"}, "answer": "Escherichia coli", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "喉返神經（recurrent laryngeal nerve）受傷切斷時，何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "聲帶麻痺，處於近中央位置（paramedian）", "B": "聲音沙啞", "C": "不宜縫補受傷之神經", "D": "環狀甲狀腺肌肉（cricothyroid muscle）不會麻痺"}, "answer": "不宜縫補受傷之神經", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "一位 20 歲的年輕人發生車禍，造成肩胛骨翼狀外翻（scapular winging），下列敘述何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "可能因背肩胛神經（dorsal scapular nerve）受損所致", "B": "大多為前鋸肌（serratus anterior muscle）無力所致", "C": "大多為肩胛下肌（subscapularis）無力所致", "D": "大多為長胸神經（long thoracic nerve）受損所致"}, "answer": "大多為肩胛下肌（subscapularis）無力所致", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "10 一位 28 歲男性病人的血壓值為：右上肢血壓 200/120 mmHg，左上肢血壓 190/115 mmHg，下肢 膝窩動脈（popliteal artery）血壓 110/60 mmHg，上背部有收縮期雜音，下列何者為最可能的診斷？ \n", "options": {"A": "腎動脈狹窄（renal artery stenosis）", "B": "原發性高血壓（essential hypertension）", "C": "主動脈縮窄（coarctation of aorta）", "D": "嗜鉻細胞瘤（pheochromocytoma）"}, "answer": "原發性高血壓（essential hypertension）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "18.巨噬細胞（macrophage）和嗜中性球（neutrophil）是體內最主要的吞噬細胞，它們都具有吞噬 （phagocytosis）並殺死病原的能⼒，有關這兩群細胞的敘述何者錯誤？\n", "options": {"A": "當嗜中性球被細菌活化後，會進⾏⼀種特殊的細胞死亡的過程，把核內的染⾊質（chromatin）釋放到細胞", "B": "這兩群細胞在受到細菌刺激後都會進⾏所謂的呼吸爆發（respiratory burst）的現象，這是因為胞內酵素的", "C": "巨噬細胞在各個器官及組織都存在，比如在肝臟的庫⽒細胞（Kupffer cell）及神經組織中的⼩神經膠質細", "D": "如果NADPH氧化酶（oxidase）的基因發⽣突變⽽失去功能，會導致這兩群主要的吞噬細胞不能有效地殺"}, "answer": "這兩群細胞在受到細菌刺激後都會進⾏所謂的呼吸爆發（respiratory burst）的現象，這是因為胞內酵素的", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列那一類壞死最常見於心臟的缺血性傷害？", "options": {"A": "液化性壞死", "B": "凝固性壞死", "C": "乾酪狀壞死", "D": "脂肪壞死"}, "answer": "凝固性壞死", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "您至隔壁病房協助一位猝死病患的急救，根據2010年心肺復甦術指引，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "若需檢查脈搏，不超過10秒鐘", "B": "避免中斷胸部按壓，如有需要中斷，不超過10秒鐘", "C": "使用進階呼吸道（advanced airway）裝置人工通氣（ventilation）時，成人每6至8秒吹氣一次，與胸部按壓同步進行", "D": "若需實施去顫電擊，在每次電擊後立即實施胸部按壓"}, "answer": "使用進階呼吸道（advanced airway）裝置人工通氣（ventilation）時，成人每6至8秒吹氣一次，與胸部按壓同步進行", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "下列女性均為 35 歲，何者最容易罹患子宮內膜癌？", "options": {"A": "青少年期卵巢便已切除", "B": "卵巢發育不全（ovarian agenesis）", "C": "曾經多次生育", "D": "患有多囊性卵巢症候群（polycystic ovarian syndrome）"}, "answer": "患有多囊性卵巢症候群（polycystic ovarian syndrome）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "病人車禍瀕臨死亡，他已簽署器官捐贈同意書，其所捐贈的器官該分配給那位受贈者，是應依據下列何醫學倫理原則？", "options": {"A": "行善原則（beneficence）", "B": "尊重自主原則（respect for autonomy）", "C": "不傷害原則（non-maleficence）", "D": "正義原則（justice）"}, "answer": "正義原則（justice）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "2個月大的女嬰，因為最近一個月餵食越來越困難而住院，身體診察發現神智清楚，低肌肉張力，四肢無力，無深部肌腱反應，腹式呼吸以及舌頭顫動（fasciculation）。最可能的診斷是：", "options": {"A": "缺氧缺血性腦病變（hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy）", "B": "脊髓肌肉萎縮症（spinal muscular atrophy）", "C": "先天性重症肌無力（congenital myasthenia gravis）", "D": "先天性肌肉失養症（congenital muscular dystrophy）"}, "answer": "脊髓肌肉萎縮症（spinal muscular atrophy）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "一名 72 歲男性因猝死接受病理解剖。顯微鏡下檢查發現在胃部黏膜、腎臟間質、肺臟肺泡壁及動脈旁皆有形態不一、非結晶性鈣鹽沈積。下列何種情況最能解釋上述變化？", "options": {"A": "正常老化過程", "B": "末期腎疾病", "C": "全身性結核菌感染", "D": "動脈硬化症"}, "answer": "末期腎疾病", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "primary hyperparathyroidism造成的併發症中，下列何者無關？", "options": {"A": "osteoporosis, osteopenia", "B": "tetany", "C": "depression, anxiety", "D": "kidney stone"}, "answer": "tetany", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "林醫師最近亟需發表學術論文，於是想找高中同學陳教授合作，陳教授任職醫學院的基礎醫學學科，林醫師說他作癌症手術時，會取下病人的組織，而且為了有安全範圍，都會多取一些周邊的正常組織，他可以提供這些組織來作研究，陳教授很有意願合作，不過擔心是否要取得病人同意，林醫師說又不會有人知道，不用取得病人同意，這樣的說法對嗎？", "options": {"A": "對，因為我國目前對於以剩餘檢體供研究使用並無特殊規定", "B": "對，因為這是促進科學進步", "C": "不對，因為我國目前對於以剩餘檢體供研究使用規定需要取得病人同意", "D": "不對，因為我國目前規定不能以剩餘檢體供研究使用"}, "answer": "不對，因為我國目前對於以剩餘檢體供研究使用規定需要取得病人同意", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "Cardiac tropnin T，α-tropomyosin，myosin-binding protein C，β-myosin heavy chain 等基因突變與下列何種心肌症（cardiomyopathy）最有關？", "options": {"A": "restrictive type", "B": "hypertrophic type", "C": "dilated type", "D": "mixed type"}, "answer": "hypertrophic type", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何者受損，最可能造成前臂（forearm）無法伸直（extension）？", "options": {"A": "肌皮神經（musculocutaneous nerve）", "B": "正中神經（median nerve）", "C": "尺神經（ulnar nerve）", "D": "橈神經（radial nerve）"}, "answer": "橈神經（radial nerve）", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "關於細菌基因傳遞的敘述，下列何者錯誤？", "options": {"A": "Conjugation 是由細菌與細菌接觸進行", "B": "Plasmid 不能經由 conjugation 傳遞", "C": "在某些細菌是可直接將外來 DNA 帶入菌體內", "D": "Transduction 通常由噬菌體造成"}, "answer": "Plasmid 不能經由 conjugation 傳遞", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "下列何種non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)藥物，同時具有抑制cyclooxygenase和lipoxygenase的作用？", "options": {"A": "aspirin", "B": "etodolac", "C": "ketoprofen", "D": "naproxen"}, "answer": "ketoprofen", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "大多數女童，最先出現的青春期發育表徵（visible sign of puberty）為：", "options": {"A": "乳房發育", "B": "陰毛發育", "C": "腋毛發育", "D": "初經"}, "answer": "乳房發育", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "A"}
{"question": "下列何者不是妄想症（delusional disorder）發病之危險因子？", "options": {"A": "耳聾或視力衰退 \t", "B": "社會孤立", "C": "移民經過數代後 \t", "D": "社會經濟剝奪"}, "answer": "移民經過數代後 \t", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "以帕金森氏病症狀與自主神經障礙為主要表現的神經症候群為：", "options": {"A": "Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome", "B": "Shy-Drager syndrome", "C": "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "D": "Guillain-Barré syndrome"}, "answer": "Shy-Drager syndrome", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}
{"question": "位於腸道底層免疫組織中之M細胞的主要免疫功能為：", "options": {"A": "直接殺菌", "B": "製造抗體", "C": "捕捉及轉運腸道中的抗原至下層的淋巴組織", "D": "保護周邊的腸道表皮細胞"}, "answer": "捕捉及轉運腸道中的抗原至下層的淋巴組織", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "C"}
{"question": "謝小姐，25 歲，至門診主訴最近體重增加，希望能減重。經理學檢查及病史詢問後，資料如下：身高 160 cm，體重 64 kg，腰圍 76.5 cm，臀圍 80.5 cm，最近一年體重增加約 5 kg，月經規則。血壓 138/88 mmHg，心跳 76/min，其他無明顯異常。依行政院衛生署之體位標準，請問下列的評估及治療方式何者較適當？", "options": {"A": "屬重度肥胖，應馬上予以減重手術治療", "B": "屬中度肥胖，且為中央性肥胖，應馬上給予藥物治療", "C": "屬輕度肥胖，應給予適當的飲食控制及運動治療，並輔以藥物治療", "D": "屬體重過重，並無中央性肥胖，應先予以飲食指導及運動諮詢"}, "answer": "屬體重過重，並無中央性肥胖，應先予以飲食指導及運動諮詢", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "D"}
{"question": "下列有關多發性骨髓瘤（Multiple myeloma），何者正確？", "options": {"A": "常好發於 45 歲以下的成年人", "B": "常引起蝕骨性病灶", "C": "發生率占原發性骨骼惡性腫瘤的第三位", "D": "好發部位包括脊椎、腓骨、手指骨及顱骨"}, "answer": "常引起蝕骨性病灶", "meta_info": "taiwanese_test_Q", "answer_idx": "B"}