{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "958cd2d3", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Real Interest Rate (%) \n", "La tasa de interés real, ajustada por la inflación, puede ser más relevante que la nominal para decisiones económicas como el ahorro y la inversión, ya que refleja el costo del capital en términos reales.\n", "**La tasa de interés real refleja el costo del dinero descontando el efecto de la inflación.**\n", "\n", "Es fundamental considerar los resultados de diagnóstico y validación de modelos como los **criterios de información de Akaike (AIC)** y el **criterio de información bayesiano (BIC)** para comparar modelos con y sin estas variables incluidas, y así elegir el modelo que ofrece la mejor combinación de ajuste y parsimonia." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "id": "81cde157", "metadata": { "scrolled": true }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
\n", " | Country Name | \n", "Country Code | \n", "1960 | \n", "1961 | \n", "1962 | \n", "1963 | \n", "1964 | \n", "1965 | \n", "1966 | \n", "1967 | \n", "... | \n", "2013 | \n", "2014 | \n", "2015 | \n", "2016 | \n", "2017 | \n", "2018 | \n", "2019 | \n", "2020 | \n", "2021 | \n", "2022 | \n", "
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | \n", "Aruba | \n", "ABW | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "10.709708 | \n", "3.213869 | \n", "0.157925 | \n", "7.982851 | \n", "9.789287 | \n", "2.437682 | \n", "-0.371564 | \n", "7.738755 | \n", "11.988410 | \n", "2.598476 | \n", "
1 | \n", "Africa Eastern and Southern | \n", "AFE | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
2 | \n", "Afghanistan | \n", "AFG | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "9.784496 | \n", "14.351689 | \n", "12.252548 | \n", "17.583938 | \n", "12.141178 | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
3 | \n", "Africa Western and Central | \n", "AFW | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
4 | \n", "Angola | \n", "AGO | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "12.610802 | \n", "12.380530 | \n", "21.144182 | \n", "-4.922063 | \n", "-5.552638 | \n", "-5.844003 | \n", "0.090919 | \n", "8.028657 | \n", "-13.989372 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "
261 | \n", "Kosovo | \n", "XKX | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "11.426523 | \n", "8.871488 | \n", "7.665566 | \n", "6.615990 | \n", "6.364676 | \n", "5.079008 | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
262 | \n", "Yemen, Rep. | \n", "YEM | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "11.788755 | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
263 | \n", "South Africa | \n", "ZAF | \n", "NaN | \n", "5.200152 | \n", "6.013274 | \n", "2.423273 | \n", "3.667879 | \n", "3.800071 | \n", "3.246208 | \n", "4.231877 | \n", "... | \n", "2.509245 | \n", "3.567028 | \n", "3.667743 | \n", "3.278252 | \n", "4.647315 | \n", "5.856184 | \n", "5.268416 | \n", "2.326407 | \n", "0.508486 | \n", "3.848990 | \n", "
264 | \n", "Zambia | \n", "ZMB | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "-0.191720 | \n", "5.821128 | \n", "6.179216 | \n", "1.715079 | \n", "2.070262 | \n", "2.215865 | \n", "2.469674 | \n", "-3.749081 | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "
265 | \n", "Zimbabwe | \n", "ZWE | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "NaN | \n", "... | \n", "1.525435 | \n", "8.787605 | \n", "8.144427 | \n", "4.998563 | \n", "3.742846 | \n", "-64.380817 | \n", "-64.295151 | \n", "-81.132121 | \n", "-31.795551 | \n", "-36.416439 | \n", "
266 rows × 65 columns
\n", "\n", " | Country Name | \n", "Country Code | \n", "1960 | \n", "1961 | \n", "1962 | \n", "1963 | \n", "1964 | \n", "1965 | \n", "1966 | \n", "1967 | \n", "... | \n", "2013 | \n", "2014 | \n", "2015 | \n", "2016 | \n", "2017 | \n", "2018 | \n", "2019 | \n", "2020 | \n", "2021 | \n", "2022 | \n", "
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | \n", "Aruba | \n", "ABW | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "10.709708 | \n", "3.213869 | \n", "0.157925 | \n", "7.982851 | \n", "9.789287 | \n", "2.437682 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.738755 | \n", "11.988410 | \n", "2.598476 | \n", "
1 | \n", "Africa Eastern and Southern | \n", "AFE | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "6.364143 | \n", "6.971553 | \n", "6.711871 | \n", "6.691411 | \n", "5.327609 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
2 | \n", "Afghanistan | \n", "AFG | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "9.784496 | \n", "14.351689 | \n", "12.252548 | \n", "17.583938 | \n", "12.141178 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
3 | \n", "Africa Western and Central | \n", "AFW | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "6.364143 | \n", "6.971553 | \n", "6.711871 | \n", "6.691411 | \n", "5.327609 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
4 | \n", "Angola | \n", "AGO | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "12.610802 | \n", "12.380530 | \n", "21.144182 | \n", "6.691411 | \n", "5.327609 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "0.090919 | \n", "8.028657 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "... | \n", "
261 | \n", "Kosovo | \n", "XKX | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "11.426523 | \n", "8.871488 | \n", "7.665566 | \n", "6.615990 | \n", "6.364676 | \n", "5.079008 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
262 | \n", "Yemen, Rep. | \n", "YEM | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "11.788755 | \n", "6.971553 | \n", "6.711871 | \n", "6.691411 | \n", "5.327609 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
263 | \n", "South Africa | \n", "ZAF | \n", "0.01 | \n", "5.200152 | \n", "6.013274 | \n", "2.423273 | \n", "3.667879 | \n", "3.800071 | \n", "3.246208 | \n", "4.231877 | \n", "... | \n", "2.509245 | \n", "3.567028 | \n", "3.667743 | \n", "3.278252 | \n", "4.647315 | \n", "5.856184 | \n", "5.268416 | \n", "2.326407 | \n", "0.508486 | \n", "3.848990 | \n", "
264 | \n", "Zambia | \n", "ZMB | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "6.364143 | \n", "5.821128 | \n", "6.179216 | \n", "1.715079 | \n", "2.070262 | \n", "2.215865 | \n", "2.469674 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
265 | \n", "Zimbabwe | \n", "ZWE | \n", "0.01 | \n", "3.096115 | \n", "4.962287 | \n", "3.325525 | \n", "2.893762 | \n", "2.565913 | \n", "2.649421 | \n", "2.531959 | \n", "... | \n", "1.525435 | \n", "8.787605 | \n", "8.144427 | \n", "4.998563 | \n", "3.742846 | \n", "6.054143 | \n", "6.824167 | \n", "7.154647 | \n", "4.552545 | \n", "3.277431 | \n", "
266 rows × 65 columns
\n", "\n", " | 1960 | \n", "1961 | \n", "1962 | \n", "1963 | \n", "1964 | \n", "1965 | \n", "1966 | \n", "1967 | \n", "1968 | \n", "1969 | \n", "... | \n", "2013 | \n", "2014 | \n", "2015 | \n", "2016 | \n", "2017 | \n", "2018 | \n", "2019 | \n", "2020 | \n", "2021 | \n", "2022 | \n", "
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
count | \n", "266.0 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "... | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "2.660000e+02 | \n", "
mean | \n", "0.0 | \n", "3.739699e-16 | \n", "1.649474e-15 | \n", "-1.244785e-14 | \n", "-6.357488e-15 | \n", "-3.692952e-15 | \n", "1.555982e-15 | \n", "2.270531e-16 | \n", "-2.118606e-15 | \n", "3.185422e-15 | \n", "... | \n", "-1.953325e-16 | \n", "-3.339017e-17 | \n", "8.013640e-17 | \n", "-1.619423e-16 | \n", "-9.349247e-17 | \n", "2.136971e-16 | \n", "-1.719594e-16 | \n", "-2.554348e-16 | \n", "1.001705e-16 | \n", "2.404092e-16 | \n", "
std | \n", "0.0 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "... | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "1.001885e+00 | \n", "
min | \n", "0.0 | \n", "-6.385031e+00 | \n", "-1.282952e+01 | \n", "-1.583227e+01 | \n", "-1.354863e+01 | \n", "-7.452167e+00 | \n", "-8.897646e+00 | \n", "-2.725614e+00 | \n", "-7.809848e+00 | \n", "-6.973438e+00 | \n", "... | \n", "-1.606751e+00 | \n", "-1.315685e+00 | \n", "-1.172917e+00 | \n", "-1.465396e+00 | \n", "-1.217499e+00 | \n", "-1.435029e+00 | \n", "-1.897474e+00 | \n", "-1.514035e+00 | \n", "-1.618711e+00 | \n", "-1.205143e+00 | \n", "
25% | \n", "0.0 | \n", "-3.262441e-02 | \n", "1.924342e-02 | \n", "4.617365e-02 | \n", "1.713532e-02 | \n", "-1.625838e-02 | \n", "-2.818381e-02 | \n", "-5.270328e-02 | \n", "-2.421555e-02 | \n", "-5.614239e-03 | \n", "... | \n", "-1.755166e-01 | \n", "-1.436222e-01 | \n", "-2.034767e-01 | \n", "-1.550272e-01 | \n", "-1.472724e-01 | \n", "-1.283404e-01 | \n", "-9.690763e-02 | \n", "-1.410427e-01 | \n", "-1.296735e-01 | \n", "-1.003136e-01 | \n", "
50% | \n", "0.0 | \n", "-3.262441e-02 | \n", "1.924342e-02 | \n", "4.617365e-02 | \n", "1.713532e-02 | \n", "-1.625838e-02 | \n", "-2.818381e-02 | \n", "-5.270328e-02 | \n", "-2.421555e-02 | \n", "-5.614239e-03 | \n", "... | \n", "-1.755166e-01 | \n", "-1.436222e-01 | \n", "-2.034767e-01 | \n", "-1.550272e-01 | \n", "-1.472724e-01 | \n", "-1.283404e-01 | \n", "-9.690763e-02 | \n", "-1.410427e-01 | \n", "-1.296735e-01 | \n", "-1.003136e-01 | \n", "
75% | \n", "0.0 | \n", "-3.262441e-02 | \n", "1.924342e-02 | \n", "4.617365e-02 | \n", "1.713532e-02 | \n", "-1.625838e-02 | \n", "-2.818381e-02 | \n", "-5.270328e-02 | \n", "-2.421555e-02 | \n", "-5.614239e-03 | \n", "... | \n", "-1.755166e-01 | \n", "-1.436222e-01 | \n", "-2.034767e-01 | \n", "-1.550272e-01 | \n", "-1.472724e-01 | \n", "-1.283404e-01 | \n", "-9.690763e-02 | \n", "-1.410427e-01 | \n", "-1.296735e-01 | \n", "-1.003136e-01 | \n", "
max | \n", "0.0 | \n", "1.499787e+01 | \n", "7.749259e+00 | \n", "3.642429e+00 | \n", "9.024909e+00 | \n", "1.404676e+01 | \n", "1.328467e+01 | \n", "1.584081e+01 | \n", "1.223109e+01 | \n", "1.026536e+01 | \n", "... | \n", "1.016155e+01 | \n", "9.671081e+00 | \n", "7.766354e+00 | \n", "8.513813e+00 | \n", "9.493495e+00 | \n", "8.775298e+00 | \n", "8.741915e+00 | \n", "7.879403e+00 | \n", "1.145367e+01 | \n", "1.169665e+01 | \n", "
8 rows × 63 columns
\n", "